Effective ecological restoration requires empirical assessment to determine outcomes of projects, but conclusions regarding the effects of restoration treatments on the whole ecosystem remain rare. Control of invasive shrubs and trees in the genus Tamarix and associated riparian restoration in the American Southwest has been of interest to scientists and resource managers for decades; dozens of studies have reported highly variable outcomes of Tamarix control efforts, as measured by a range of response variables, temporal and spatial scales and monitoring strategies. We conducted a literature search and review, meta-analysis and vote count (comparison of numerical outcomes lacking reported variances and/or sample sizes) on published papers that quantitatively measured a variety of responses to control of Tamarix. From 96 publications obtained through a global search on terms related to Tamarix control, we found 52 publications suitable for a meta-analysis (n = 777 comparisons) and 63 publications suitable for two vote counts (n = 1,460 comparisons total; 622 comparisons reported as statistically significant) of response to Tamarix control. We estimated responses to control by treatment type (e.g. cut-stump treatment, burning, biocontrol) and ecosystem component (e.g. vegetation, fauna, fluvial processes). Finally, we compared results of the various synthesis methods to determine whether the increasingly stringent requirements for inclusion led to biased outcomes. Vegetation metrics, especially measures of Tamarix response, were the most commonly assessed. Ecosystem components other than vegetation, such as fauna, soils and hydrogeomorphic dynamics, were under-represented. The meta-analysis showed significantly positive responses by vegetation overall to biocontrol, herbicide and cut-stump treatments. This was primarily due to reduction of Tamarix cover; impacts on replacement vegetation were highly variable. We found concordance amongst our varied synthesis approaches, indicating that increased granularity from stricter quantitative techniques does not come at the cost of a biased sample. Overall, our results indicate that common control methods are generally effective for reducing Tamarix, but the indirect effects on other aspects of the ecosystem are variable and remain understudied. Given that this is a relatively well-studied invasive plant species, our results also illustrate the limitations of not only individual studies, but also of reviews for measuring the impact of invasive species control. We call on researchers to investigate the less commonly studied responses to Tamarix control and riparian restoration including the effects on fauna, soil and hydrogeomorphic characteristics.
Chemical changes in hot springs, as recorded by thermal waters and their deposits, provide a window into the evolution of the postglacial hydrothermal system of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field. Today, most hydrothermal travertine forms to the north and south of the ca. 631 ka Yellowstone caldera where groundwater flow through subsurface sedimentary rocks leads to calcite saturation at hot springs. In contrast, low-Ca rhyolites dominate the subsurface within the Yellowstone caldera, resulting in thermal waters that rarely deposit travertine. We investigated the timing and origin of five small travertine deposits in the Upper and Lower Geyser Basins to understand the conditions that allowed for travertine deposition. New 230Th-U dating, oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13C), and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopic ratios, and elemental concentrations indicate that travertine deposits within the Yellowstone caldera formed during three main episodes that correspond broadly with known periods of wet climate: 13.9−13.6 ka, 12.2−9.5 ka, and 5.2−2.9 ka. Travertine deposition occurred in response to the influx of large volumes of cold meteoric water, which increased the rate of chemical weathering of surficial sediments and recharge into the hydrothermal system. The small volume of intracaldera travertine does not support a massive postglacial surge of CO2 within the Yellowstone caldera, nor was magmatic CO2 the catalyst for postglacial travertine deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B37317.1","usgsCitation":"Harrison, L.N., Hurwitz, S., Paces, J., Whitlock, C., Peek, S., and Licciardi, J., 2024, Travertine records climate-induced transformations of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system from the late Pleistocene to the present: GSA Bulletin, v. 136, no. 9-10, p. 3605-3618, https://doi.org/10.1130/B37317.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3605","endPage":"3618","ipdsId":"IP-149989","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440430,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsab.s.24891144","text":"External Repository"},{"id":428360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Terrace Spring","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.854,\n 44.6583\n ],\n [\n -110.854,\n 44.641667\n ],\n [\n -110.841667,\n 44.641667\n ],\n [\n -110.841667,\n 44.6583\n ],\n [\n -110.854,\n 44.6583\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"136","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Lauren N. 0000-0002-6621-5958","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-5958","contributorId":336192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":118216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlock, Cathy","contributorId":79745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitlock","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peek, Sara 0000-0002-9770-6557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-6557","contributorId":209971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peek","given":"Sara","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Licciardi, Joseph","contributorId":229595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Licciardi","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":41689,"text":"U. New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70251642,"text":"70251642 - 2024 - Population genetics of museum specimens indicate decreasing genetic resiliency: The case of two bumble bees of conservation concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T12:42:33.690968","indexId":"70251642","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-13T06:40:08","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population genetics of museum specimens indicate decreasing genetic resiliency: The case of two bumble bees of conservation concern","docAbstract":"Genetic resiliency is the likelihood that populations retain sufficient genetic diversity to respond to environmental change. It is rarely examined through time in conservation genetic studies due to challenges of acquiring and sequencing historical specimens. Focusing on populations of two sibling bumble bee species of conservation concern with different recent patterns of decline, we used museum specimens collected between 1960 and 2020 and 15 microsatellite markers to assess genetic resiliency (allelic richness, expected heterozygosity, and inbreeding) through time and across geographic space. We find evidence of decreasing allelic richness through time, starting at least 30 years before observed abundance declines in one species and at least 20 years before present in a species with apparently stable abundance. We also found increasing expected heterozygosity through time, indicating increased inbreeding, in the putatively stable species. We demonstrate that genetic measurements taken from specimens collected through time can be used to detect population decline in imperiled species before decreases in abundance are detected. We also demonstrate the importance of interpreting population genetic metrics within the context of historical patterns to assess species' conservation statuses. Finally, we discuss the limitations of currently available population genetic methods, including the influence of isolation by distance and sampling density on measurements of genetic structure, and the influence of demographic characteristics and choice of genetic markers on estimates of genetic diversity and structure. We call for further development of individual-based modeling methods to measure genetic structure, as opposed to commonly applied population-based metrics, to overcome these limitations.
Microbial breakdown of organic matter is one of the most important processes on Earth, yet the controls of decomposition are poorly understood. Here we track 36 terrestrial human cadavers in three locations and show that a phylogenetically distinct, interdomain microbial network assembles during decomposition despite selection effects of location, climate and season. We generated a metagenome-assembled genome library from cadaver-associated soils and integrated it with metabolomics data to identify links between taxonomy and function. This universal network of microbial decomposers is characterized by cross-feeding to metabolize labile decomposition products. The key bacterial and fungal decomposers are rare across non-decomposition environments and appear unique to the breakdown of terrestrial decaying flesh, including humans, swine, mice and cattle, with insects as likely important vectors for dispersal. The observed lockstep of microbial interactions further underlies a robust microbial forensic tool with the potential to aid predictions of the time since death.
Glandular trichomes are implicated in direct and indirect defense of plants. However, the degree to which glandular and non-glandular trichomes have evolved as a consequence of herbivory remains unclear, because their heritability, their association with herbivore resistance, their trade-offs with one another, and their association with other functions are rarely quantified.
We conducted a phylogenetic comparison of trichomes and herbivore resistance against the generalist caterpillar, Heliothis virescens, among tarweed species (Asteraceae: Madiinae) and a genetic correlation study comparing those same traits among maternal half-sibs of three tarweed species.
Within a tarweed species, we found no evidence that herbivore growth rate decreased on tarweed individuals or maternal sib groups with more glandularity or denser trichomes. However, tarweed species with more glandularity and fewer non-glandular trichomes resulted in slower-growing herbivores. Likewise, a trade-off between glandular and non-glandular trichomes was apparent among tarweed species, but not among individuals or sib groups within a species.
Our results suggest that this key herbivore does not select for trichomes as a direct defense in tarweed species. However, trichomes differed substantially among species and likely affect herbivore pressure on those species. Our results demonstrate that trade-offs among plant traits, as well as inference on the function of those traits, can depend on scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16281","usgsCitation":"Pearse, I., LoPresti, E., Baldwin, B., and Krimmel, B., 2024, The evolution of glandularity as a defense against herbivores in the tarweed clade: American Journal of Botany, v. 111, no. 2, e16281, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16281.","productDescription":"e16281, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152916","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16281","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":427236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LoPresti, Eric","contributorId":208296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LoPresti","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, Bruce","contributorId":335203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krimmel, Billy","contributorId":208297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krimmel","given":"Billy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37779,"text":"Restoration Landscaping Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251524,"text":"70251524 - 2024 - Application of lidar to assess the habitat selection of an endangered small mammal in an estuarine wetland environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T12:56:47.5723","indexId":"70251524","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-01T06:54:41","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of lidar to assess the habitat selection of an endangered small mammal in an estuarine wetland environment","docAbstract":"Light detection and ranging (lidar) has emerged as a valuable tool for examining the fine-scale characteristics of vegetation. However, lidar is rarely used to examine coastal wetland vegetation or the habitat selection of small mammals. Extensive anthropogenic modification has threatened the endemic species in the estuarine wetlands of the California coast, such as the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris; SMHM). A better understanding of SMHM habitat selection could help managers better protect this species. We assessed the ability of airborne topographic lidar imagery in measuring the vegetation structure of SMHM habitats in a coastal wetland with a narrow range of vegetation heights. We also aimed to better understand the role of vegetation structure in habitat selection at different spatial scales. Habitat selection was modeled from data compiled from 15 small mammal trapping grids collected in the highly urbanized San Francisco Estuary in California, USA. Analyses were conducted at three spatial scales: microhabitat (25 m2), mesohabitat (2025 m2), and macrohabitat (~10,000 m2). A suite of structural covariates was derived from raw lidar data to examine vegetation complexity. We found that adding structural covariates to conventional habitat selection variables significantly improved our models. At the microhabitat scale in managed wetlands, SMHM preferred areas with denser and shorter vegetation and selected for proximity to levees and taller vegetation in tidal wetlands. At the mesohabitat scale, SMHM were associated with a lower percentage of bare ground and with pickleweed (Salicornia pacifica) presence. All covariates were insignificant at the macrohabitat scale. Our results suggest that SMHM preferentially selected microhabitats with access to tidal refugia and mesohabitats with consistent food sources. Our findings showed that lidar can contribute to improving our understanding of habitat selection of wildlife in coastal wetlands and help to guide future conservation of an endangered species.
Geographical distributions of waterfowl exhibit annual variation in response to spatiotemporal variation in weather conditions, habitat availability, and other factors. Continuing changes in climate and land use could lead to persistent shifts of waterfowl distributions, potentially causing a mismatch with habitat conservation planning, wetland restoration efforts, and harvest management decisions informed by historical distributions. We used band recoveries and harvest records (i.e., hunter-harvested wings) from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Waterfowl Parts Collection Survey as indices of duck distribution in autumn and winter, and quantified intra-annual, interannual, and interspecific variation in their geographic distributions across 6 decades (1960–2019) for 15 duck species in the Central and Mississippi flyways in North America. Specifically, we tested for annual and decadal shifts in mean latitude and longitude of recoveries for each month (Oct–Jan) by species and taxonomic guild (i.e., dabbling, diving ducks). Overall, species varied in the extent, timing, and sometimes direction, of distributional change in recoveries. From 1960–2019, mean recovery locations for dabbling ducks shifted south 105–296 km in October and 27 km in November (wings only), whereas mean latitudes shifted north 144–234 km in December and 186–301 km in January. Mean recovery locations for diving ducks shifted north 162 km in October (wings only), 84–173 km in December, and 66–120 km in January, but shifted 99–512 km south in November. Shifts in longitude were less consistent between guilds and data types. Finally, distributional change rarely accelerated during recent decades, except for southward shifts of band recoveries of diving ducks in November and northward shifts of band and wing recoveries of dabbling ducks in January. Although anecdotal accounts of large-scale northward shifts in duck distributions are prolific in the land management and hunting communities, our data demonstrate more subtle shifts that vary considerably by species and month. Observed changes in recovery distributions could necessitate changes in timing of habitat management practices throughout the Central and Mississippi flyways and may result in fewer hunting and recreational opportunities for some species in southern states. Quantifying patterns of historical change is a necessary first step to understanding temporal and interspecific variation in waterfowl distributions, which will help with landscape-scale conservation and management efforts in the future and enable effective communication to core constituencies regarding ongoing changes and their implications for recreational engagement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22521","usgsCitation":"Verheijen, B., Webb, E.B., Brasher, M., and Hagy, H.M., 2024, Spatiotemporal dynamics of duck harvest distributions in the Central and Mississippi flyways, 1960–2019: The Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 88, no. 2, e22521, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22521.","productDescription":"e22521, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151486","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verheijen, Bram H. F.","contributorId":274514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verheijen","given":"Bram H. F.","affiliations":[{"id":48533,"text":"ksu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brasher, Michael G.","contributorId":338627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brasher","given":"Michael G.","affiliations":[{"id":81180,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagy, Heath M.","contributorId":172326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagy","given":"Heath","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251275,"text":"70251275 - 2024 - The addition of 144Nd atomic mass to routine ICP-MS analysis as a Quick Screening Tool for Approximating Rare Earth Elements (Q-STAR) in natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T15:24:29.754603","indexId":"70251275","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-25T06:55:25","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The addition of 144Nd atomic mass to routine ICP-MS analysis as a Quick Screening Tool for Approximating Rare Earth Elements (Q-STAR) in natural waters","docAbstract":"Rare earth elements (REEs) are a class of critical minerals, all of which can have supply chain vulnerability that impacts economic security. These elements are widely measured in environmental matrices via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); however, successful quantification can require time-consuming, sample-specific optimization. While a sample-by-sample approach is appropriate for targeted quantification studies, this approach is not suitable for mineral exploration efforts where rapidly screening thousands of samples for the presence of REEs is desired. Here, we demonstrated the use of a Quick Screening Tool for Approximating REEs (Q-STAR) to detect REEs in surface water and groundwater matrices, collected as part of existing environmental studies. A mass-to-charge ratio of 144 (m/z = 144) was added to an ICP-MS method to screen for REEs in filtered water samples submitted for metals analyses to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory. We detected the presence of REEs above a reference threshold of 1200 counts per second in 18 % of pre-selected 6626 samples. Using this screened dataset, we mapped estimated dissolved REE concentrations across the United States in relation to ecoregions and underlying geology. Data are constrained to where sample collection took place but nevertheless show estimated aqueous dissolved REE concentrations on a geographic scale that has not yet been studied. To validate Q-STAR, REEs were measured in a USGS standard reference sample, a subset of 88 archived filtered water samples, and in fresh filtered surface water samples. Our targeted analyses demonstrated a strong linear relationship between Q-STAR predicted and measured values in all archived samples for Nd (r2 = 0.94), and light REEs (LREEs) such as lanthanum (La) (r2 = 0.93), praseodymium (Pr) (r2 = 0.94) and samarium (Sm) (r2 = 0.94). Using Q-STAR screen values, nine field sites were identified and surface water samples recollected to confirm the continued presence of Nd and LREEs. Q-STAR can be used to screen an unlimited number of water samples for the presence of REEs prior to time-intensive and costly quantitative analyses and to generate large REE datasets for further investigation.
Conservation prioritization frameworks are used worldwide to identify species at greatest risk of extinction and to allocate limited resources across regions, species, and populations. Conservation prioritization can be impeded by ecological knowledge gaps and data deficiency, especially in freshwater species inhabiting highly complex aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, we developed a flexible approach that calculates a species' imperilment risk based on the conservation principles of resiliency, redundancy, and representation (i.e., the “three R's”). Our approach organizes data on species traits, distributions, population connectivity, and threats within a Bayesian belief network capable of predicting resiliency and redundancy within representative ecological settings. Empirical data and expert judgment inform the model to provide robust and repeatable risk assessments for rare and data-deficient species. The model calculates resiliency at hierarchical spatial scales from distributional trends and population strength. Redundancy is estimated from the connectivity and quantities of extant populations. Resiliency, redundancy, and species' inherent vulnerability based on species traits collectively estimate extirpation risk within each unique ecological setting. Extirpation risks across ecological settings characterize representation and are aggregated to estimate global imperilment risk. We demonstrate the model's utility with Piebald Madtom (Noturus gladiator), a species petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Our results revealed that resiliency, redundancy, and extirpation risks can vary spatially across the species' range while identifying populations where additional sampling could disproportionally reduce uncertainty in estimated global imperilment risk. Our approach could standardize and expedite conservation status assessments, identify opportunities for early management intervention of at-risk species and populations, and strategically reduce uncertainty by focusing monitoring and research on priority information gaps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4738","usgsCitation":"Dunn, C.G., Schumann, D.A., Colvin, M., Sleezer, L.J., Wagner, M., Jones-Farrand, D., Rivenbark, E., McRae, S., and Evans, K., 2024, Using resiliency, redundancy, and representation in a Bayesian belief network to assess imperilment of riverine fishes: Ecosphere, v. 15, e4738, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4738.","productDescription":"e4738, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137173","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4738","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, Corey Garland 0000-0002-7102-2165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-2165","contributorId":288691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"Corey","email":"","middleInitial":"Garland","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schumann, David A.","contributorId":267261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumann","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colvin, Michael E.","contributorId":264842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colvin","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sleezer, Logan John 0000-0002-5787-8629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5787-8629","contributorId":331489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleezer","given":"Logan","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wagner, Matthew 0000-0002-3987-072X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-072X","contributorId":221861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":40445,"text":"Student contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones-Farrand, D. Todd","contributorId":54713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Farrand","given":"D. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rivenbark, Erin","contributorId":340546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivenbark","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McRae, Sarah","contributorId":340663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McRae","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":81646,"text":"South Atlantic-Gulf and Mississippi-Basin Unified Interior Regions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Evans, Kristine","contributorId":217902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Kristine","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70263933,"text":"70263933 - 2024 - Linking avian malaria parasitemia estimates from quantitative PCR and microscopy reveals new infection patterns in Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-28T15:45:57.891687","indexId":"70263933","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-19T09:41:54","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2024,"text":"International Journal for Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking avian malaria parasitemia estimates from quantitative PCR and microscopy reveals new infection patterns in Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Plasmodium parasites infect thousands of species and provide an exceptional system for studying host-pathogen dynamics, especially for multi-host pathogens. However, understanding these interactions requires an accurate assay of infection. Assessing Plasmodium infections using microscopy on blood smears often misses infections with low parasitemias (the fractions of cells infected), and biases in malaria prevalence estimates will differ among hosts that differ in mean parasitemias. We examined Plasmodium relictum infection and parasitemia using both microscopy of blood smears and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on 299 samples from multiple bird species in Hawai'i and fit models to predict parasitemias from qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values. We used these models to quantify the extent to which microscopy underestimated infection prevalence and to more accurately estimate infection patterns for each species for a large historical study done by microscopy. We found that most qPCR-positive wild-caught birds in Hawaii had low parasitemias (Ct scores ≥35), which were rarely detected by microscopy. The fraction of infections missed by microscopy differed substantially among eight species due to differences in species’ parasitemia levels. Infection prevalence was likely 4–5-fold higher than previous microscopy estimates for three introduced species, including Zosterops japonicus, Hawaii’s most abundant forest bird, which had low average parasitemias. In contrast, prevalence was likely only 1.5–2.3-fold higher than previous estimates for Himatione sanguinea and Chlorodrepanis virens, two native species with high average parasitemias. Our results indicate that relative patterns of infection among species differ substantially from those observed in previous microscopy studies, and that differences depend on variation in parasitemias among species. Although microscopy of blood smears is useful for estimating the frequency of different Plasmodium stages and host attributes, more sensitive quantitative methods, including qPCR, are needed to accurately estimate and compare infection prevalence among host species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.10.001","usgsCitation":"Seidi, C., Ferreira, F.C., Parise, K., Paxton, K.L., Paxton, E.H., Atkinson, C., Fleischer, R., Foster, J., and Kipatrick, A., 2024, Linking avian malaria parasitemia estimates from quantitative PCR and microscopy reveals new infection patterns in Hawai'i: International Journal for Parasitology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 123-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.10.001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"130","ipdsId":"IP-155137","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.10.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-155.778234,20.245743],[-155.772734,20.245409],[-155.746893,20.232325],[-155.737004,20.222773],[-155.735822,20.212417],[-155.732704,20.205392],[-155.653966,20.16736],[-155.630382,20.146916],[-155.624565,20.145911],[-155.607797,20.137987],[-155.600909,20.126573],[-155.598033,20.124539],[-155.590923,20.122497],[-155.58168,20.123617],[-155.568368,20.130545],[-155.558933,20.13157],[-155.523661,20.120028],[-155.516795,20.11523],[-155.502561,20.114155],[-155.468211,20.104296],[-155.443957,20.095318],[-155.405459,20.078772],[-155.4024,20.075541],[-155.387578,20.067119],[-155.33021,20.038517],[-155.29548,20.024438],[-155.282629,20.021969],[-155.270316,20.014525],[-155.240933,19.990173],[-155.204486,19.969438],[-155.194593,19.958368],[-155.179939,19.949372],[-155.149215,19.922872],[-155.144394,19.920523],[-155.131235,19.906801],[-155.124618,19.897288],[-155.12175,19.886099],[-155.107541,19.872467],[-155.098716,19.867811],[-155.095032,19.867882],[-155.086341,19.855399],[-155.084357,19.849736],[-155.085674,19.838584],[-155.088979,19.826656],[-155.094414,19.81491],[-155.09207,19.799409],[-155.091216,19.776368],[-155.093517,19.771832],[-155.093387,19.737751],[-155.087118,19.728013],[-155.079426,19.726193],[-155.063972,19.728917],[-155.045382,19.739824],[-155.006423,19.739286],[-154.997278,19.72858],[-154.987168,19.708524],[-154.981102,19.690687],[-154.984718,19.672161],[-154.983778,19.641647],[-154.974342,19.633201],[-154.963933,19.627605],[-154.950359,19.626461],[-154.947874,19.62425],[-154.947718,19.621947],[-154.951014,19.613614],[-154.947106,19.604856],[-154.93394,19.597505],[-154.928205,19.592702],[-154.924422,19.586553],[-154.903542,19.570622],[-154.875,19.556797],[-154.852618,19.549172],[-154.837384,19.538354],[-154.826732,19.537626],[-154.814417,19.53009],[-154.809561,19.522377],[-154.809379,19.519086],[-154.822968,19.48129],[-154.838545,19.463642],[-154.86854,19.438126],[-154.887817,19.426425],[-154.928772,19.397646],[-154.944185,19.381852],[-154.964619,19.365646],[-154.980861,19.349291],[-155.020537,19.331317],[-155.061729,19.316636],[-155.113272,19.290613],[-155.1337,19.276099],[-155.159635,19.268375],[-155.172413,19.26906],[-155.187427,19.266156],[-155.19626,19.261295],[-155.205892,19.260907],[-155.243961,19.271313],[-155.264619,19.274213],[-155.296761,19.266289],[-155.303808,19.261835],[-155.31337,19.250698],[-155.341268,19.234039],[-155.349148,19.217756],[-155.360631,19.20893],[-155.378638,19.202435],[-155.390701,19.201171],[-155.417369,19.187858],[-155.427093,19.179546],[-155.432519,19.170623],[-155.453516,19.151952],[-155.465663,19.146964],[-155.505281,19.137908],[-155.51474,19.132501],[-155.51214,19.128174],[-155.512137,19.124296],[-155.519652,19.117025],[-155.526136,19.115889],[-155.528902,19.11371],[-155.544806,19.091059],[-155.551129,19.08878],[-155.557817,19.08213],[-155.555326,19.069377],[-155.555177,19.053932],[-155.557371,19.046565],[-155.566446,19.032531],[-155.576599,19.027412],[-155.581903,19.02224],[-155.596032,18.998833],[-155.596521,18.980654],[-155.601866,18.971572],[-155.613966,18.970399],[-155.625256,18.961951],[-155.625,18.959934],[-155.638054,18.941723],[-155.658486,18.924835],[-155.672005,18.917466],[-155.681825,18.918694],[-155.687716,18.923358],[-155.690171,18.932195],[-155.693117,18.940542],[-155.726043,18.969437],[-155.763598,18.981837],[-155.806109,19.013967],[-155.853943,19.023762],[-155.88155,19.036644],[-155.884077,19.039266],[-155.886278,19.05576],[-155.903693,19.080777],[-155.908355,19.081138],[-155.921389,19.121183],[-155.917292,19.155963],[-155.903339,19.217792],[-155.90491,19.230147],[-155.902565,19.258427],[-155.895435,19.274639],[-155.890842,19.298905],[-155.887356,19.337101],[-155.888701,19.348031],[-155.898792,19.377984],[-155.913849,19.401107],[-155.909087,19.415455],[-155.921707,19.43055],[-155.924269,19.438794],[-155.925166,19.468081],[-155.922609,19.478611],[-155.924124,19.481406],[-155.930523,19.484921],[-155.935641,19.485628],[-155.936403,19.481905],[-155.939145,19.481577],[-155.95149,19.486649],[-155.952897,19.488805],[-155.953663,19.510003],[-155.960457,19.546612],[-155.962264,19.551779],[-155.965211,19.554745],[-155.96935,19.555963],[-155.970969,19.586328],[-155.978206,19.608159],[-155.997728,19.642816],[-156.028982,19.650098],[-156.032928,19.653905],[-156.034994,19.65936],[-156.033326,19.66923],[-156.027427,19.672154],[-156.029281,19.678908],[-156.036079,19.690252],[-156.04796,19.698938],[-156.051652,19.703649],[-156.052485,19.718667],[-156.064364,19.730766],[-156.05722,19.742536],[-156.052315,19.756836],[-156.049651,19.780452],[-156.021732,19.8022],[-156.006267,19.81758],[-155.982821,19.845651],[-155.976651,19.85053],[-155.964817,19.855183],[-155.949251,19.857034],[-155.945297,19.853443],[-155.940311,19.852305],[-155.925843,19.858928],[-155.926938,19.870221],[-155.92549,19.875],[-155.915662,19.887126],[-155.901987,19.912081],[-155.894099,19.923135],[-155.894474,19.926927],[-155.892533,19.932162],[-155.866919,19.954172],[-155.856588,19.968885],[-155.840708,19.976952],[-155.838692,19.975527],[-155.835312,19.976078],[-155.831948,19.982775],[-155.828965,19.995542],[-155.825473,20.025944],[-155.828182,20.035424],[-155.850385,20.062506],[-155.866931,20.078652],[-155.88419,20.10675],[-155.899149,20.145728],[-155.906035,20.205157],[-155.901452,20.235787],[-155.890663,20.25524],[-155.882631,20.263026],[-155.873921,20.267744],[-155.853293,20.271548],[-155.811459,20.26032],[-155.783242,20.246395],[-155.778234,20.245743]]],[[[-157.789581,21.438396],[-157.789734,21.437679],[-157.789276,21.435833],[-157.790543,21.434313],[-157.791718,21.434881],[-157.793045,21.43391],[-157.793167,21.43574],[-157.791565,21.43651],[-157.791779,21.437752],[-157.793289,21.437658],[-157.791779,21.438435],[-157.791092,21.438442],[-157.790741,21.43874],[-157.789581,21.438396]]],[[[-160.125,21.95909],[-160.122262,21.962881],[-160.112746,21.995245],[-160.09645,22.001489],[-160.072123,22.003334],[-160.058543,21.99638],[-160.051992,21.983681],[-160.052729,21.980321],[-160.056336,21.977939],[-160.060549,21.976729],[-160.063349,21.978354],[-160.065811,21.976562],[-160.078393,21.955153],[-160.085787,21.927295],[-160.080012,21.910808],[-160.079065,21.89608],[-160.098897,21.884711],[-160.124283,21.876789],[-160.147609,21.872814],[-160.16162,21.864746],[-160.174796,21.846923],[-160.189782,21.82245],[-160.205211,21.789053],[-160.200427,21.786479],[-160.205851,21.779518],[-160.218044,21.783755],[-160.23478,21.795418],[-160.24961,21.815145],[-160.244943,21.848943],[-160.231028,21.886263],[-160.228965,21.889117],[-160.21383,21.899193],[-160.205528,21.907507],[-160.202716,21.912422],[-160.190158,21.923592],[-160.167471,21.932863],[-160.13705,21.948632],[-160.127302,21.955508],[-160.125,21.95909]]],[[[-159.431707,22.220015],[-159.40732,22.230555],[-159.388119,22.223252],[-159.385977,22.220009],[-159.367563,22.214906],[-159.359842,22.214831],[-159.357227,22.217744],[-159.353795,22.217669],[-159.339964,22.208519],[-159.315613,22.186817],[-159.308855,22.155555],[-159.297808,22.149748],[-159.295875,22.144547],[-159.295271,22.13039],[-159.297143,22.113815],[-159.317451,22.080944],[-159.321667,22.063411],[-159.324775,22.05867],[-159.333267,22.054639],[-159.337996,22.046575],[-159.341401,22.028978],[-159.333224,21.973005],[-159.333109,21.964176],[-159.334714,21.961099],[-159.350828,21.950817],[-159.356613,21.939546],[-159.382349,21.924479],[-159.408284,21.897781],[-159.425862,21.884527],[-159.446599,21.871647],[-159.471962,21.88292],[-159.490914,21.888898],[-159.517973,21.890996],[-159.555415,21.891355],[-159.574991,21.896585],[-159.577784,21.900486],[-159.584272,21.899038],[-159.610241,21.898356],[-159.637849,21.917166],[-159.648132,21.93297],[-159.671872,21.957038],[-159.681493,21.960054],[-159.705255,21.963427],[-159.72014,21.970789],[-159.758218,21.980694],[-159.765735,21.986593],[-159.788139,22.018411],[-159.790932,22.031177],[-159.786543,22.06369],[-159.780096,22.072567],[-159.748159,22.100388],[-159.741223,22.115666],[-159.733457,22.142756],[-159.726043,22.152171],[-159.699978,22.165252],[-159.66984,22.170782],[-159.608794,22.207878],[-159.591596,22.219456],[-159.583965,22.22668],[-159.559643,22.229185],[-159.554166,22.228212],[-159.548594,22.226263],[-159.54115,22.216764],[-159.534594,22.219403],[-159.523769,22.217602],[-159.51941,22.215646],[-159.518348,22.211182],[-159.515574,22.208008],[-159.507811,22.205987],[-159.501055,22.211064],[-159.500821,22.225538],[-159.488558,22.23317],[-159.480158,22.232715],[-159.467007,22.226529],[-159.45619,22.228811],[-159.441809,22.226321],[-159.431707,22.220015]]],[[[-157.014553,21.185503],[-156.999108,21.182221],[-156.991318,21.18551],[-156.987768,21.18935],[-156.982343,21.207798],[-156.984464,21.210063],[-156.984032,21.212198],[-156.974002,21.218503],[-156.969064,21.217018],[-156.962847,21.212131],[-156.951654,21.191662],[-156.950808,21.182636],[-156.946159,21.175963],[-156.918248,21.168279],[-156.903466,21.16421],[-156.898174,21.16594],[-156.89613,21.169561],[-156.896537,21.172208],[-156.867944,21.16452],[-156.841592,21.167926],[-156.821944,21.174693],[-156.771495,21.180053],[-156.742231,21.176214],[-156.738341,21.17202],[-156.736648,21.16188],[-156.719386,21.163911],[-156.712696,21.161547],[-156.714158,21.152238],[-156.726033,21.13236],[-156.748932,21.1086],[-156.775995,21.089751],[-156.790815,21.081686],[-156.794136,21.075796],[-156.835351,21.06336],[-156.865795,21.057801],[-156.877137,21.0493],[-156.891946,21.051831],[-156.89517,21.055771],[-156.953719,21.067761],[-157.00295,21.083282],[-157.02617,21.089015],[-157.032045,21.091094],[-157.037667,21.097864],[-157.079696,21.105835],[-157.095373,21.10636],[-157.125,21.1026],[-157.143483,21.096632],[-157.254061,21.090601],[-157.298054,21.096917],[-157.313343,21.105755],[-157.299187,21.132488],[-157.299471,21.135972],[-157.293774,21.146127],[-157.284346,21.157755],[-157.276474,21.163175],[-157.274504,21.162762],[-157.259911,21.174875],[-157.254709,21.181376],[-157.251007,21.190952],[-157.25026,21.207739],[-157.256935,21.215665],[-157.261457,21.217661],[-157.263163,21.220873],[-157.26069,21.225684],[-157.257085,21.227268],[-157.241534,21.220969],[-157.226445,21.220185],[-157.212082,21.221848],[-157.202125,21.219298],[-157.192439,21.207644],[-157.185553,21.205602],[-157.157103,21.200706],[-157.148125,21.200745],[-157.144627,21.202555],[-157.128207,21.201488],[-157.113438,21.197375],[-157.097971,21.198012],[-157.064264,21.189076],[-157.053053,21.188754],[-157.047757,21.190739],[-157.039987,21.190909],[-157.014553,21.185503]]],[[[-156.544169,20.522802],[-156.550016,20.520273],[-156.559994,20.521892],[-156.586238,20.511711],[-156.603844,20.524372],[-156.631143,20.514943],[-156.642347,20.508285],[-156.647464,20.512017],[-156.668809,20.504738],[-156.682939,20.506775],[-156.703673,20.527237],[-156.702265,20.532451],[-156.696662,20.541646],[-156.6801,20.557021],[-156.651567,20.565574],[-156.614598,20.587109],[-156.610734,20.59377],[-156.576871,20.60657],[-156.56714,20.604895],[-156.553604,20.594729],[-156.543034,20.580115],[-156.542808,20.573674],[-156.548909,20.56859],[-156.556021,20.542657],[-156.553018,20.539382],[-156.540189,20.534741],[-156.539643,20.527644],[-156.544169,20.522802]]],[[[-156.612012,21.02477],[-156.612065,21.027273],[-156.606238,21.034371],[-156.592256,21.03288],[-156.580448,21.020172],[-156.562773,21.016167],[-156.549813,21.004939],[-156.546291,21.005082],[-156.528246,20.967757],[-156.518707,20.954662],[-156.512226,20.95128],[-156.510391,20.940358],[-156.507913,20.937886],[-156.49948,20.934577],[-156.495883,20.928005],[-156.493263,20.916011],[-156.481055,20.898199],[-156.474796,20.894546],[-156.422668,20.911631],[-156.386045,20.919563],[-156.374297,20.927616],[-156.370729,20.932669],[-156.352649,20.941414],[-156.345655,20.941596],[-156.342365,20.938737],[-156.332817,20.94645],[-156.324578,20.950184],[-156.307198,20.942739],[-156.286332,20.947701],[-156.275116,20.937361],[-156.263107,20.940888],[-156.242555,20.937838],[-156.230159,20.931936],[-156.230089,20.917864],[-156.226757,20.916677],[-156.222062,20.918309],[-156.217953,20.916573],[-156.216341,20.907035],[-156.173103,20.876926],[-156.170458,20.874605],[-156.166746,20.865646],[-156.132669,20.861369],[-156.129381,20.847513],[-156.115735,20.827301],[-156.100123,20.828502],[-156.090291,20.831872],[-156.059788,20.81054],[-156.033287,20.808246],[-156.003532,20.795545],[-156.002947,20.789418],[-155.987944,20.776552],[-155.984587,20.767496],[-155.986851,20.758577],[-155.985413,20.744245],[-155.987216,20.722717],[-155.991534,20.713654],[-156.00187,20.698064],[-156.01415,20.685681],[-156.020044,20.686857],[-156.030702,20.682452],[-156.040341,20.672719],[-156.043786,20.664902],[-156.053385,20.65432],[-156.059753,20.652044],[-156.081472,20.654387],[-156.089365,20.648519],[-156.120985,20.633685],[-156.129898,20.627523],[-156.142665,20.623605],[-156.144588,20.624032],[-156.148085,20.629067],[-156.156772,20.629639],[-156.169732,20.627358],[-156.173393,20.6241],[-156.184556,20.629719],[-156.192938,20.631769],[-156.210258,20.628518],[-156.225338,20.62294],[-156.236145,20.61595],[-156.265921,20.601629],[-156.284391,20.596488],[-156.288037,20.59203],[-156.293454,20.588783],[-156.302692,20.586199],[-156.322944,20.588273],[-156.351716,20.58697],[-156.359634,20.581977],[-156.370725,20.57876],[-156.377633,20.578427],[-156.415313,20.586099],[-156.417523,20.589728],[-156.415746,20.594044],[-156.417799,20.598682],[-156.423141,20.602079],[-156.427708,20.598873],[-156.431872,20.598143],[-156.438385,20.601337],[-156.444242,20.607941],[-156.442884,20.613842],[-156.450651,20.642212],[-156.445894,20.64927],[-156.443673,20.656018],[-156.448656,20.704739],[-156.451038,20.725469],[-156.452895,20.731287],[-156.458438,20.736676],[-156.462242,20.753952],[-156.462058,20.772571],[-156.464043,20.781667],[-156.473562,20.790756],[-156.489496,20.798339],[-156.501688,20.799933],[-156.506026,20.799463],[-156.515994,20.794234],[-156.525215,20.780821],[-156.537752,20.778408],[-156.631794,20.82124],[-156.678634,20.870541],[-156.688969,20.888673],[-156.687804,20.89072],[-156.688132,20.906325],[-156.691334,20.91244],[-156.697418,20.916368],[-156.69989,20.920629],[-156.69411,20.952708],[-156.680905,20.980262],[-156.665514,21.007054],[-156.652419,21.008994],[-156.645966,21.014416],[-156.642592,21.019936],[-156.644167,21.022312],[-156.642809,21.027583],[-156.619581,21.027793],[-156.612012,21.02477]]],[[[-157.010001,20.929757],[-156.989813,20.932127],[-156.971604,20.926254],[-156.937529,20.925274],[-156.91845,20.922546],[-156.897169,20.915395],[-156.837047,20.863575],[-156.825237,20.850731],[-156.809576,20.826036],[-156.808469,20.820396],[-156.809463,20.809169],[-156.817427,20.794606],[-156.838321,20.764575],[-156.846413,20.760201],[-156.851481,20.760069],[-156.869753,20.754701],[-156.890295,20.744855],[-156.909081,20.739533],[-156.949009,20.738997],[-156.96789,20.73508],[-156.984747,20.756677],[-156.994001,20.786671],[-156.988933,20.815496],[-156.991834,20.826603],[-157.006243,20.849603],[-157.010911,20.854476],[-157.054552,20.877219],[-157.059663,20.884634],[-157.061128,20.890635],[-157.062511,20.904385],[-157.05913,20.913407],[-157.035789,20.927078],[-157.025626,20.929528],[-157.010001,20.929757]]],[[[-158.044485,21.306011],[-158.0883,21.2988],[-158.1033,21.2979],[-158.1127,21.3019],[-158.1211,21.3169],[-158.1225,21.3224],[-158.111949,21.326622],[-158.114196,21.331123],[-158.119427,21.334594],[-158.125459,21.330264],[-158.13324,21.359207],[-158.1403,21.3738],[-158.149719,21.385208],[-158.161743,21.396282],[-158.1792,21.4043],[-158.181274,21.409626],[-158.181,21.420868],[-158.182648,21.430073],[-158.192352,21.44804],[-158.205383,21.459793],[-158.219446,21.46978],[-158.233,21.4876],[-158.231171,21.523857],[-158.23175,21.533035],[-158.234314,21.540058],[-158.250671,21.557373],[-158.27951,21.575794],[-158.277679,21.578789],[-158.254425,21.582684],[-158.190704,21.585892],[-158.17,21.5823],[-158.12561,21.586739],[-158.10672,21.596577],[-158.106689,21.603024],[-158.1095,21.6057],[-158.108185,21.607487],[-158.079895,21.628101],[-158.0668,21.6437],[-158.066711,21.65234],[-158.0639,21.6584],[-158.0372,21.6843],[-158.018127,21.699955],[-157.9923,21.708],[-157.98703,21.712494],[-157.968628,21.712704],[-157.947174,21.689568],[-157.939,21.669],[-157.9301,21.6552],[-157.924591,21.651183],[-157.9228,21.6361],[-157.9238,21.6293],[-157.910797,21.611183],[-157.900574,21.605885],[-157.87735,21.575277],[-157.878601,21.560181],[-157.872528,21.557568],[-157.8669,21.5637],[-157.85614,21.560661],[-157.85257,21.557514],[-157.836945,21.529945],[-157.837372,21.512085],[-157.849579,21.509598],[-157.852625,21.499971],[-157.84549,21.466747],[-157.84099,21.459483],[-157.82489,21.455379],[-157.8163,21.4502],[-157.8139,21.4403],[-157.8059,21.4301],[-157.786513,21.415633],[-157.779846,21.417309],[-157.774455,21.421352],[-157.772209,21.431236],[-157.774905,21.453698],[-157.772209,21.457741],[-157.764572,21.461335],[-157.754239,21.461335],[-157.737617,21.459089],[-157.731777,21.455944],[-157.731328,21.444713],[-157.73582,21.438424],[-157.740762,21.424048],[-157.741211,21.414614],[-157.7386,21.4043],[-157.730191,21.401871],[-157.728221,21.402104],[-157.726421,21.402845],[-157.724324,21.403311],[-157.723794,21.40329],[-157.723286,21.403227],[-157.722735,21.403121],[-157.722544,21.403036],[-157.721845,21.401596],[-157.721083,21.399541],[-157.7189,21.3961],[-157.7089,21.3833],[-157.7087,21.3793],[-157.7126,21.3689],[-157.7106,21.3585],[-157.7088,21.3534],[-157.6971,21.3364],[-157.6938,21.3329],[-157.6619,21.3131],[-157.6518,21.3139],[-157.652629,21.308709],[-157.6537,21.302],[-157.6946,21.2739],[-157.6944,21.2665],[-157.7001,21.264],[-157.7097,21.2621],[-157.7139,21.2638],[-157.7142,21.2665],[-157.7114,21.272],[-157.7122,21.2814],[-157.7143,21.2845],[-157.7213,21.2869],[-157.7572,21.278],[-157.765,21.2789],[-157.7782,21.2735],[-157.7931,21.2604],[-157.8096,21.2577],[-157.8211,21.2606],[-157.8241,21.2646],[-157.8253,21.2714],[-157.8319,21.2795],[-157.8457,21.29],[-157.89,21.3065],[-157.894518,21.319632],[-157.898969,21.327391],[-157.90482,21.329172],[-157.918939,21.318615],[-157.917921,21.313781],[-157.913469,21.310983],[-157.910925,21.305768],[-157.952263,21.306531],[-157.950736,21.312509],[-157.951881,21.318742],[-157.967971,21.327986],[-157.973334,21.327426],[-157.989424,21.317984],[-158.0245,21.3093],[-158.044485,21.306011]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seidi, Christa","contributorId":351631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seidi","given":"Christa","affiliations":[{"id":27155,"text":"University of California Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira, Francisco C","contributorId":265378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Francisco","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":54655,"text":"Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parise, Katy L.","contributorId":349824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parise","given":"Katy L.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, Kristina L. 0000-0003-2321-5090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-5090","contributorId":41917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paxton","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12981,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":302619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter T.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fleischer, Robert C.","contributorId":258062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Robert C.","affiliations":[{"id":52221,"text":"Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foster, Jeffery T.","contributorId":351633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"Jeffery T.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kipatrick, A. Marm","contributorId":351634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kipatrick","given":"A. Marm","affiliations":[{"id":27155,"text":"University of California Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70257258,"text":"70257258 - 2024 - Abundance of five sympatric stream dwelling mussels varies with physical habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-14T12:25:16.942212","indexId":"70257258","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-18T07:19:41","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance of five sympatric stream dwelling mussels varies with physical habitat","docAbstract":"Occurrences of alkaline and carbonatite rocks with high concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) are a defining feature of Precambrian geology in the Mojave Desert of southeastern California. The most economically important occurrence is the carbonatite stock at Mountain Pass, which constitutes the largest REE deposit in the United States. A central scientific goal is to understand the genesis of the carbonatite ore body in the context of widespread REE-rich igneous activity. A swarm of mafic alkaline (shonkinite) dikes has been mapped and sampled at Bobcat Hills, 65 km southeast of the Mountain Pass mine. Whole-rock geochemistry and zircon geochronology demonstrate a clear affinity to the ca. 1.4 Ga Mountain Pass intrusive system. Bobcat Hills dikes have comparably high REE concentrations (La ∼1,000× chondritic) and an error-weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb zircon crystallization age of 1,426 ± 2 Ma (2σ). Unlike the alkaline intrusions at Mountain Pass, which have abundant inherited zircon from Paleoproterozoic basement rocks and crustally influenced oxygen isotope compositions (δ18Ozircon = 6.5–7.5‰), the Bobcat Hills dikes lack any evidence of crustal assimilation and have oxygen isotope values that overlap a mantle range (Bobcat Hills average δ18Ozircon = 5.6 ± 0.3‰). The dikes were a high-temperature, early center of mafic alkaline magmatism in the Mojave Desert that serve as a snapshot of melt generation from a spatially extensive, metasomatized mantle source. We propose that modification of the crust over many tens of Myr at Mountain Pass created an environment that favored crustal assimilation and enabled ascent of late-stage, REE-rich carbonatite magmas.
The failure of a 144-m-high lava-dam waterfall on the Río Coca, Ecuador, in February 2020 initiated a catastrophic watershed reset—regressive erosion upstream and a massive sediment pulse downstream—as the river evolves towards a new equilibrium grade. The evolution of this river corridor after a sudden base-level fall embodies the “complex response” concepts long understood through laboratory experiments, numerical modelling and smaller-scale field studies, but that have not been observed in the field before on this scale. This paper presents geomorphic and geotechnical data to characterize the evolution of the Río Coca since 2020. In the three years after the lava-dam failure, the erosion front migrated almost 13 km upstream along the mainstem river and triggered secondary headcuts that began migrating up tributaries. Erosion of the mainstem and tributary valleys generated a sediment pulse estimated to be 277 million m3 and ~500 million tonnes (Mt) over three years, depositing sediment tens of meters thick over tens of kilometres downstream from the former waterfall. This sediment pulse is one of the largest in modern times, comparable to the annual sediment load of a major continent-draining river but with orders-of-magnitude greater sediment yield. Geomorphic adjustment of the Río Coca represents a highly unusual natural disaster threatening life, property, water quality, the regional economy, major infrastructure and energy security. However, this event also provides a rare opportunity to learn how a large autogenic watershed disturbance and recovery evolve, with important lessons for interpreting the sedimentary record of volcanic landscapes.
Many animals follow annual cycles wherein physiology and behavior change seasonally. Hibernating mammals undergo one of the most drastic seasonal alterations of physiology and behavior, the timing of which can have significant fitness consequences. The environmental cues regulating these profound phenotypic changes will heavily influence whether hibernators acclimate and ultimately adapt to climate change. Hence, identifying the cues and proximate mechanisms responsible for hibernation termination timing is critical. Northern Idaho ground squirrels (Urocitellus brunneus)—a rare, endemic species threatened with extinction—exhibit substantial variation in hibernation termination phenology, but it is unclear what causes this variation. We attached geolocators to free-ranging squirrels to test the hypothesis that squirrels assess surface conditions in spring before deciding whether to terminate seasonal heterothermy or reenter torpor. Northern Idaho ground squirrels frequently reentered torpor following a brief initial emergence from hibernacula and were more likely to do so earlier in spring or when challenged by residual snowpack. Female squirrels reentered torpor when confronted with relatively shallow snowpack upon emergence, whereas male squirrels reentered torpor in response to deeper spring snowpack. This novel behavior was previously assumed to be physiologically constrained in male ground squirrels by testosterone production required for spermatogenesis and activated by the circannual clock. Assessing surface conditions to decide when to terminate hibernation may help buffer these threatened squirrels against climate change. Documenting the extent to which other hibernators can facultatively alter emergence timing by reentering torpor after emergence will help identify which species are most likely to persist under climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/729775","usgsCitation":"Allison, A.Z., Conway, C.J., Morris, A.E., Goldberg, A., Lohr, K., Richards, R., and Almack, J., 2024, Hit snooze: An imperiled hibernator assesses spring snow conditions to decide whether to terminate hibernation or reenter torpor: Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, v. 97, no. 1, p. 53-63, https://doi.org/10.1086/729775.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-155349","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allison, Austin Z.T.","contributorId":339231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.T.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, Alice E","contributorId":339157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldberg, Amanda R.","contributorId":265814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Amanda R.","affiliations":[{"id":54806,"text":"iu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lohr, Kristin","contributorId":127012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lohr","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[{"id":6764,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Nampa, Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richards, Russell","contributorId":339244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Almack, Jon","contributorId":339247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Almack","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70240773,"text":"70240773 - 2024 - Conventional rare earth element mineral deposits: The global landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T15:25:32.908721","indexId":"70240773","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T09:22:13","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Conventional rare earth element mineral deposits: The global landscape","docAbstract":"Four conventional mineral deposit types—carbonatite, alkaline igneous, heavy mineral sand, and regolith-hosted ion-adsorption clay deposits—currently supply global markets with the rare earth elements (REEs) and rare earth oxides (REOs) necessary to meet the technological needs of global communities. The unique properties of REEs make them useful in a wide variety of applications, such as alloys, batteries, catalysts, magnets, phosphors, and polishing compounds. Rare earth element minerals are complex in both composition and structure. Carbonate, oxide, silicate, and phosphate-type minerals contain highly variable amounts of rare earths. Most rare earth-bearing minerals contain mainly lighter rare earths, a mixture of all the rare earths, or only the heavier rare earths.
Diverse technological applications require the full range of light, middle, and heavy rare earths. The production of these elements, in particular the heavy rare earths, remains highly dependent on deposits from China. Diversification of rare earth supply chains is contingent on expanded knowledge of globally distributed resources and an understanding of the degree to which those resources have been explored and evaluated. The knowledge of tectonic setting, typical rock associations, deposit morphology, and deposit genesis has led to the discovery of many conventional-type rare earth deposit types. Recent developments are anticipated to result in further discoveries that have the potential to meet the ever-expanding applications of REEs and REOs to address modern societal needs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rare earth metals and minerals industries: Status and prospects","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., and Ayuso, R.A., 2024, Conventional rare earth element mineral deposits: The global landscape, chap. of Rare earth metals and minerals industries: Status and prospects, p. 17-56.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-138267","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231903,"text":"70231903 - 2024 - Energy-related rare earth element sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T15:12:45.934983","indexId":"70231903","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T09:08:25","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Energy-related rare earth element sources","docAbstract":"Energy-related materials such as coal, coal-bearing wastes, and coal combustion products are traditionally thought of as sources or by-products of electric power generation. Increasingly, these materials are considered resources for their content of rare earth elements (REEs) and other useful constituents. In this chapter, we examine the distribution, modes of occurrence, and relative extractability of REEs from coal-derived materials. We also consider economic factors associated with recovery of REEs from these sources. While several coal-derived sources show promise for REE recovery at the pilot scale, in all cases, REE contents are much below those of primary ores, such that extraction and concentrating the REEs require new and innovative approaches that are largely developmental.
Among coal-related sources, fly ash is the most REE-enriched, as REEs from coal are strongly retained in these refractory solids remaining after coal combustion. Partitioning of coal-derived elements into fly ash has been known for decades but this has yet to be commercially exploited. A key drawback shown in this chapter is that a significant fraction of REEs in fly ash is contained in highly insoluble aluminosilicate glasses that make up the largest portion of this material. In addition to testing chemical or physical pretreatment approaches to help improve the extractability of REEs from fly ash, current research is applying modern analytical approaches to better understand the distribution of REEs on increasingly smaller scales, in the interest of targeting their recovery.
Next-most REE-enriched among coal-related materials are solid waste products of coal mining and wastes from coal preparation, both of which are REE-enriched relative to coal itself. These waste coals concentrate mineralogical constituents that are excluded during mining or removed during coal preparation because they do not contribute to the heating value of coal for power generation. Recovery of REEs from coal waste has shown promise at the pilot scale and has the added benefit of converting a waste into useful constituents.
Total REE contents of commercial coals are, on average, much below the 300 parts per million interest level for REE recovery set by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). However, as reviewed in this chapter, certain horizons within coal beds show preferential REE enrichment and could be targeted by selective mining. Beyond this, certain coals are REE-enriched overall due to their unique geologic histories involving derivation from REE-enriched sediment sources, deposition of volcanic ash during coal formation, or interaction of coal with REE-bearing fluids.
Acidic drainage from abandoned coal mines is produced by the breakdown of pyrite (FeS2), which is unstable in oxygenated conditions. While these acidic fluids have lower REE contents than any of the coal-based solids described above, they are proportionally enriched in certain heavy rare earths, especially yttrium (Y). Precipitates from coal-based acid-mine drainage concentrate REEs to levels that are of interest for recovery, and these are also promising sources for extraction at the pilot scale.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rare earth metals and minerals industries: Status and prospects","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Lefticariu, L., and Anderson, S.T., 2024, Energy-related rare earth element sources, chap. 3 of Rare earth metals and minerals industries: Status and prospects, p. 57-102.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"102","ipdsId":"IP-137470","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":424378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-31867-2_3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lefticariu, Liliana 0000-0003-3413-654X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3413-654X","contributorId":251875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefticariu","given":"Liliana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Steven T. 0000-0003-3481-3424 sanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3481-3424","contributorId":2532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steven","email":"sanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70250775,"text":"70250775 - 2024 - Hydrothermal monazite and xenotime chemistry as genetic discriminators for intrusion-related and orogenic gold deposits: Implications for an orogenic origin of the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T15:17:04.532583","indexId":"70250775","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T07:01:14","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal monazite and xenotime chemistry as genetic discriminators for intrusion-related and orogenic gold deposits: Implications for an orogenic origin of the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska","docAbstract":"Attempts to geochemically distinguish between metamorphic-hydrothermal systems that form orogenic gold deposits and both reduced and oxidized magmatic-hydrothermal systems using isotopes or metal associations have proven ambiguous, particularly for orogenic gold and reduced intrusion-related gold systems. The absence of conclusive geochemical discriminators and the overlap in geologic characteristics have led to gold deposit models being potentially incorrectly applied, which in turn negatively affect regional mineral exploration and mine planning. In this study, in situ electron microprobe geochemical analyses of hydrothermal monazite and xenotime crystals associated with different types of gold-bearing deposits are shown to be effective geochemical discriminators. There are notable differences in mineral chemistry such as rare earth element (REE) profiles, total light REE, Dy, Er, Pr, Y, Nd/Sm, and La/Sm that distinguish monazite precipitated from metamorphic-hydrothermal fluids that form orogenic gold deposits and those precipitated from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids that form both porphyry Cu-Mo-Au and reduced intrusion-related gold deposits. Notable differences in overall xenotime abundances and concentrations of heavy REEs, Ca, and Sc are distinctive between the different deposit classes for xenotime. The origin of the controversially classified Pogo gold deposit, Tintina gold province, Alaska, which has been characterized as both a reduced intrusion-related and an orogenic gold deposit, is tested based upon the noted chemical differences associated with these hydrothermal phosphates. The findings of this study have implications for exploration and mine development in the Tintina gold province and other areas that contain deposits that are controversially classified as either orogenic or as magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits.
The McKay’s Bunting (Plectrophenax hyperboreus) is endemic to Alaska, breeds solely on the remote and uninhabited St. Matthew and Hall islands (332 km2) in the central Bering Sea, and is designated as a species of high conservation concern due to its small population size and restricted range. A previous hypothesized population estimate (~2,800—6,000 individuals) was greatly increased (~31,200 individuals) after systematic surveys of the species’ entire breeding range in 2003, establishing McKay’s Bunting as one of the rarest passerines in North America. In 2018, we replicated the 2003 surveys and used density surface models to estimate breeding season densities, distributions, and population change over the intervening time period. Our results indicate that the McKay's Bunting population declined by 38% (95% CI: 27—48%) from ~31,560 to 19,481 individuals since 2003. Spatial model predictions showed no areas with an increase of birds on either St. Matthew or Hall islands but revealed declines across 13% (42 km2) of St. Matthew Island. Declines disproportionately occurred both in marginal habitats with reduced rocky nesting substrate and in high-density hotspots along the coast of St. Matthew Island. The total area occupied by breeding adults decreased by 8%, and high-density hotspots shifted inland from the coast of St. Matthew Island to higher elevations on both islands, the latter potentially responses to exceptionally warm weather and reduced spring snow cover in 2018. Additionally, we observed low numbers of predators and interspecific competitors in 2018 suggesting these did not cause the decline. Our findings indicate that McKay’s Bunting meets international standards for elevating its conservation status from Least Concern to Endangered based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species ranking criteria. Additional population monitoring and studies to identify the causal mechanisms of the recent population decline of this rare species could assist future population assessments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad064","usgsCitation":"Richardson, R.M., Amundson, C.L., Johnson, J.A., Romano, M.D., Taylor, A.R., Fleming, M., and Matsuoka, S.M., 2024, Rapid population decline in McKay's Bunting, an Alaskan endemic, highlights the species’ current status relative to international standards for vulnerable species: Ornithological Applications, v. 126, no. 2, duad064, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad064.","productDescription":"duad064, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156671","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440896,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94JY2KH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for Estimating McKay's Bunting (Plectrophenax hyperboreus) Population Change on St. Matthew and Hall Islands, Alaska"},{"id":423862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Hall Island, St. Matthew Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -172.261171193919,\n 60.283813219091456\n ],\n [\n -172.19823889848468,\n 60.313577467466075\n ],\n [\n -172.38560550534595,\n 60.400588373260575\n ],\n [\n -172.5472270822568,\n 60.39634932448172\n ],\n [\n -172.88334275105373,\n 60.53524320077517\n ],\n [\n -172.8876335893788,\n 60.61534716459596\n ],\n [\n -173.08072048870488,\n 60.7127489098923\n ],\n [\n -173.13364082804736,\n 60.65742694272734\n ],\n [\n -173.05497545875448,\n 60.546497343244624\n ],\n [\n -173.0735690914964,\n 60.49370736988794\n ],\n [\n -172.95628617727795,\n 60.46833761065767\n ],\n [\n -172.7925190827116,\n 60.3796448928919\n ],\n [\n -172.6030069581948,\n 60.31074342132811\n ],\n [\n -172.261171193919,\n 60.283813219091456\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Rachel M. 0000-0001-8501-250X rrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-250X","contributorId":205918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Rachel","email":"rrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":890693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L.","contributorId":332619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":79516,"text":"Former USGS employee, now with USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, James A. 0000-0002-2312-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-0633","contributorId":299054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":224656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Audrey R.","contributorId":10396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Audrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":890697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":332620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[{"id":79518,"text":"Images Unlimited","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":890699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70250599,"text":"70250599 - 2024 - Exploring the uncertainty of machine learning models and geostatistical mapping of rare earth element potential in Indiana coals, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T12:37:50.278204","indexId":"70250599","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-18T06:36:20","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring the uncertainty of machine learning models and geostatistical mapping of rare earth element potential in Indiana coals, USA","docAbstract":"Rare earth elements and yttrium (REEs) have a wide range of applications in high- and low-carbon technologies. The strategic significance of REEs has grown due to their expanding applications in manufacturing industries and the constrained availability of these essential resources. This research explores the applicability of machine learning models and their uncertainty for assessing the REE potential in coal beds using various coal parameters as inputs. The work focuses on developing a predictive model based on geological variables, excluding considerations related to potential shifts in the commodities market. The Indiana Coal Quality Database was used as the data source. The promising and unpromising indicators derived from the outlook coefficient of samples from the database were used as the REE potential indicator for machine learning classification models. The filter-based approach with bootstrap was used to evaluate the importance of the coal parameters and their prediction uncertainties. Four machine learning methods (linear discriminant analysis (LDA), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN), a data balancing and augmentation approach (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique), and bootstrap resampling techniques were used for building the models and evaluating their prediction capabilities under uncertainty. It was determined that the SVM bootstrap model with ten-times balanced and augmented data provided superior results compared with other models. Finally, stochastic spatial maps of the REE potential within the coal basin were generated using sequential indicator simulation. The spatial maps of the REE potential showed that a 29% area of the Indiana section of the Illinois coal basin has economic potential of REEs, with 90% confidence.
Increased interest in renewable energy has fostered development of wind and solar energy facilities globally. However, energy development sometimes has negative environmental impacts, such as wildlife fatalities. Efforts by regional land managers to balance energy potential while minimizing fatality risk currently rely on datasets that are aggregated at continental, but not regional scales, that focus on single species, or that implement meta-analyses that inappropriately use inferential statistics. We compiled and summarized fatality data from 87 reports for solar and wind facilities in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts region of southern California within the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan area. Our goal was to evaluate potential temporal and guild-specific patterns in fatalities, especially for priority species of conservation concern. We also aimed to provide a perspective on approaches interpreting these types of data, given inherent limitations in how they were collected. Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), Chukar (Alectoris chukar) and California Quail (Callipepla californica), and passerines (Passeriformes), accounted for the most commonly reported fatalities. However, our aggregated count data were derived from raw, uncorrected totals, and thus reflect an absolute minimum number of fatalities for the monitored period. Additionally, patterns in the raw data suggested that many species commonly documented as fatalities (e.g., waterbirds and other nocturnal migrants, bats) are rarely counted during typical pre-construction use surveys. This may explain the more commonly observed mismatch between pre-construction risk assessment and actual fatalities. Our work may serve to guide design of future scientific research to address temporal and spatial patterns in fatalities and to apply rigorous guild-specific survey methodologies to estimate populations at risk from renewable energy development.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0295552","usgsCitation":"Conkling, T., Fesnock, A.L., and Katzner, T., 2024, Numbers of wildlife fatalities at renewable energy facilities in a targeted development region: PLoS ONE, v. 18, no. 12, e0295552, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295552.","productDescription":"e0295552, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142188","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295552","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.41388196440452,\n 32.63301172668308\n ],\n [\n -114.71231156077859,\n 32.71521061573718\n ],\n [\n -114.41844327520268,\n 34.121883375452825\n ],\n [\n -115.258371375603,\n 35.51347324917859\n ],\n [\n -116.44620706269673,\n 36.348306541123236\n ],\n [\n -120.9361068529251,\n 35.49816148699837\n ],\n [\n -117.83770190615772,\n 34.11965094145391\n ],\n [\n -116.41388196440452,\n 32.63301172668308\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conkling, Tara 0000-0003-1926-8106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-8106","contributorId":217915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conkling","given":"Tara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fesnock, Amy L.","contributorId":334447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fesnock","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":80149,"text":"Desert District Office, U.S. Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70250145,"text":"70250145 - 2024 - Grizzly bear responses to restrictions of recreation in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T17:52:21.656037","indexId":"70250145","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-20T09:37:56","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grizzly bear responses to restrictions of recreation in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Avoiding humans will be more difficult and energetically costly for animals as outdoor recreation increases and people venture farther into wildland areas that provide high-quality habitat for wildlife. Restricting human access can be an attractive management tool to mitigate effects of human recreation activities on wildlife; however, the efficacy of such measures is rarely assessed. In 1982, Yellowstone National Park identified areas important to grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) to help protect critical grizzly bear habitat and reduce the likelihood of human injuries by bears. Referred to as bear management areas (BMAs), human access is restricted in these areas for 2–8 months each year, with timing and type of restrictions varying by area. We examined 2 datasets to evaluate grizzly bear selection of BMAs and differences of bear density in BMAs and non-BMAs. First, we used 17 years of recent global positioning system telemetry data for grizzly bears to assess their selection of BMAs during periods when human access was allowed, and when access was restricted. We used step-selection functions to test the hypothesis that bears spend time in places that allow them to avoid people and select quality food sources. There was support that grizzly bears differentially select for BMAs regardless of whether human access was restricted at the time, compared with areas outside BMAs, and that selection changed with sex and season. Only males during the summer and hyperphagic seasons changed their selection of BMAs based on whether access restrictions were in place, and overall, male bears preferred unrestricted BMAs (BMAs without restrictions in place). Females preferentially selected BMAs regardless of whether the area had access restrictions in place only during the mating season. Individuals varied widely in their preference for BMAs and access restrictions. Bears likely choose to spend time in BMAs based on available food resources rather than restrictions to human access. Supporting this interpretation, our analyses indicated that a greater proportion of BMA in an area was associated with higher densities of grizzly bear. Thus, restrictions to human access likely help reduce the potential for human–bear interactions, accomplishing one of the original objectives for establishing the BMAs.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22527","usgsCitation":"Loggers, E., Litt, A.R., van Manen, F.T., Haroldson, M.A., and Gunther, K.A., 2024, Grizzly bear responses to restrictions of recreation in Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 88, no. 2, e22527, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22527.","productDescription":"e22527, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154494","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441023,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22527","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.10748291015625,\n 44.12702800650004\n ],\n [\n -109.98138427734375,\n 44.1289994645142\n ],\n [\n -109.98687744140624,\n 44.33367180085156\n ],\n [\n -110.03631591796875,\n 44.34152959888481\n ],\n [\n -110.04730224609375,\n 44.3906169787868\n ],\n [\n -110.00885009765625,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -109.98138427734375,\n 44.50825885600572\n ],\n [\n -110.028076171875,\n 44.52196830685208\n ],\n [\n -110.1104736328125,\n 44.50825885600572\n ],\n [\n -110.12969970703125,\n 44.53371669765759\n ],\n [\n -110.07476806640625,\n 44.56503415498704\n ],\n [\n -110.0225830078125,\n 44.58655513209543\n ],\n [\n -109.84954833984375,\n 44.61784415342067\n ],\n [\n -109.80010986328124,\n 44.71161010858431\n ],\n [\n -109.84405517578125,\n 44.75258502192499\n ],\n [\n -109.90997314453125,\n 44.813018740612776\n ],\n [\n -109.9127197265625,\n 44.89868701215517\n ],\n [\n -109.9346923828125,\n 44.97839955494438\n ],\n [\n -109.96490478515625,\n 45.017243565102596\n ],\n [\n -110.00885009765625,\n 45.06770141120143\n ],\n [\n -110.06378173828125,\n 45.05412098425883\n ],\n [\n -110.13519287109374,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -110.69549560546874,\n 45.04053733158769\n ],\n [\n -110.775146484375,\n 45.079339209738094\n ],\n [\n -110.82183837890625,\n 45.06964120886863\n ],\n [\n -110.86578369140625,\n 45.04635929200553\n ],\n [\n -110.89874267578124,\n 45.0502402697946\n ],\n [\n -110.928955078125,\n 45.08127861241874\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 45.10842333769411\n ],\n [\n -111.0333251953125,\n 45.10260769705975\n ],\n [\n -111.060791015625,\n 45.10066901851988\n ],\n [\n -111.0992431640625,\n 45.11811475546806\n ],\n [\n -111.126708984375,\n 45.120052841530516\n ],\n [\n -111.15966796875,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 45.059941562221226\n ],\n [\n -111.11846923828125,\n 45.01918507438176\n ],\n [\n -111.10748291015625,\n 44.12702800650004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loggers, Elise","contributorId":331713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loggers","given":"Elise","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litt, Andrea R.","contributorId":208358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litt","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gunther, Kerry A.","contributorId":84621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5118,"text":"Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Bear Management Office, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}