{"pageNumber":"110","pageRowStart":"2725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11370,"records":[{"id":70041047,"text":"70041047 - 2012 - Rapid movement of frozen debris-lobes: implications for permafrost degradation and slope instability in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-01T15:57:31","indexId":"70041047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid movement of frozen debris-lobes: implications for permafrost degradation and slope instability in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"We present the results of a reconnaissance investigation of unusual debris mass-movement features on permafrost slopes that pose a potential infrastructure hazard in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska. For the purpose of this paper, we describe these features as frozen debris-lobes. We focus on the characterisation of frozen debris-lobes as indicators of various movement processes using ground-based surveys, remote sensing, field and laboratory measurements, and time-lapse observations of frozen debris-lobe systems along the Dalton Highway. Currently, some frozen debris-lobes exceed 100 m in width, 20 m in height and 1000 m in length. Our results indicate that frozen debris-lobes have responded to climate change by becoming increasingly active during the last decades, resulting in rapid downslope movement. Movement indicators observed in the field include toppling trees, slumps and scarps, detachment slides, striation marks on frozen sediment slabs, recently buried trees and other vegetation, mudflows, and large cracks in the lobe surface. The type and diversity of observed indicators suggest that the lobes likely consist of a frozen debris core, are subject to creep, and seasonally unfrozen surface sediment is transported in warm seasons by creep, slumping, viscous flow, blockfall and leaching of fines, and in cold seasons by creep and sliding of frozen sediment slabs. Ground-based measurements on one frozen debris-lobe over three years (2008–2010) revealed average movement rates of approximately 1 cm day<sup>−1</sup>, which is substantially larger than rates measured in historic aerial photography from the 1950s to 1980s. We discuss how climate change may further influence frozen debris-lobe dynamics, potentially accelerating their movement. We highlight the potential direct hazard that one of the studied frozen debris-lobes may pose in the coming years and decades to the nearby Trans Alaska Pipeline System and the Dalton Highway, the main artery for transportation between Interior Alaska and the North Slope.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Munich, Germany","doi":"10.5194/nhess-12-1521-2012","usgsCitation":"Daanen, R., Grosse, G., Darrow, M., Hamilton, T.D., and Jones, B.M., 2012, Rapid movement of frozen debris-lobes: implications for permafrost degradation and slope instability in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 12, no. 5, p. 1521-1537, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1521-2012.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1537","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-035960","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1521-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263538,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1521-2012"},{"id":263539,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/12/1521/2012/nhess-12-1521-2012.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.0,67.5 ], [ -150.0,68.0 ], [ -149.5,68.0 ], [ -149.5,67.5 ], [ -150.0,67.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e49be3e4b0e8fec6cda573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daanen, R.P.","contributorId":9148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daanen","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darrow, M.M.","contributorId":63286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darrow","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041066,"text":"70041066 - 2012 - Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T17:17:18","indexId":"70041066","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data","docAbstract":"1. The Argos System is used worldwide to satellite-track free-ranging animals, but location errors can range from tens of metres to hundreds of kilometres. Low-quality locations (Argos classes A, 0, B and Z) dominate animal tracking data. Standard-quality animal tracking locations (Argos classes 3, 2 and 1) have larger errors than those reported in Argos manuals.\n2. The Douglas Argos-filter (DAF) algorithm flags implausible locations based on user-defined thresholds that allow the algorithm's performance to be tuned to species' movement behaviours and study objectives. The algorithm is available in Movebank – a free online infrastructure for storing, managing, sharing and analysing animal movement data.\n3. We compared 21,044 temporally paired global positioning system (GPS) locations with Argos location estimates collected from Argos transmitters on free-ranging waterfowl and condors (13 species, 314 individuals, 54,895 animal-tracking days). The 95th error percentiles for unfiltered Argos locations 0, A, B and Z were within 35·8, 59·6, 163·2 and 220·2 km of the true location, respectively. After applying DAF with liberal thresholds, roughly 20% of the class 0 and A locations and 45% of the class B and Z locations were excluded, and the 95th error percentiles were reduced to 17·2, 15·0, 20·9 and 18·6 km for classes 0, A, B and Z, respectively. As thresholds were applied more conservatively, fewer locations were retained, but they possessed higher overall accuracy.\n4. Douglas Argos-filter can improve data accuracy by 50–90% and is an effective and flexible tool for preparing Argos data for direct biological interpretation or subsequent modelling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x","usgsCitation":"Douglas, D.C., Weinziert, R., Davidson, S.C., Kays, R., Wikelski, M., and Bohrer, G., 2012, Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 6, p. 999-1007, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"999","endPage":"1007","ipdsId":"IP-039258","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00245.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263566,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c82e4b08b071e771baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weinziert, Rolf","contributorId":24665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinziert","given":"Rolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, Sarah C.","contributorId":31651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kays, Roland","contributorId":83815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kays","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wikelski, Martin","contributorId":76451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohrer, Gil","contributorId":66569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrer","given":"Gil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041079,"text":"70041079 - 2012 - Molecular detection of hematozoa infections in tundra swans relative to migration patterns and ecological conditions at breeding grounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T18:36:44","indexId":"70041079","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular detection of hematozoa infections in tundra swans relative to migration patterns and ecological conditions at breeding grounds","docAbstract":"Tundra swans (<i>Cygnus columbianus</i>) are broadly distributed in North America, use a wide variety of habitats, and exhibit diverse migration strategies. We investigated patterns of hematozoa infection in three populations of tundra swans that breed in Alaska using satellite tracking to infer host movement and molecular techniques to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of parasites. We evaluated whether migratory patterns and environmental conditions at breeding areas explain the prevalence of blood parasites in migratory birds by contrasting the fit of competing models formulated in an occupancy modeling framework and calculating the detection probability of the top model using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). We described genetic diversity of blood parasites in each population of swans by calculating the number of unique parasite haplotypes observed. Blood parasite infection was significantly different between populations of Alaska tundra swans, with the highest estimated prevalence occurring among birds occupying breeding areas with lower mean daily wind speeds and higher daily summer temperatures. Models including covariates of wind speed and temperature during summer months at breeding grounds better predicted hematozoa prevalence than those that included annual migration distance or duration. Genetic diversity of blood parasites in populations of tundra swans appeared to be relative to hematozoa prevalence. Our results suggest ecological conditions at breeding grounds may explain differences of hematozoa infection among populations of tundra swans that breed in Alaska.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0045789","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Ely, C.R., Schmutz, J.A., Pearce, J.M., and Heard, D.J., 2012, Molecular detection of hematozoa infections in tundra swans relative to migration patterns and ecological conditions at breeding grounds: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 9, e45789; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045789.","productDescription":"e45789; 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-039618","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045789","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263568,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045789"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e06fa0e4b0fec3206ed1bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heard, Darryl J.","contributorId":90998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041058,"text":"70041058 - 2012 - Using surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topography: A case study at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:05:57","indexId":"70041058","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topography: A case study at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Information about glacier volume and ice thickness distribution is essential for many glaciological applications, but direct measurements of ice thickness can be difficult and costly. We present a new method that calculates ice thickness via an estimate of ice flux. We solve the familiar continuity equation between adjacent flowlines, which decreases the computational time required compared to a solution on the whole grid. We test the method on Columbia Glacier, a large tidewater glacier in Alaska, USA, and compare calculated and measured ice thicknesses, with favorable results. This shows the potential of this method for estimating ice thickness distribution of glaciers for which only surface data are available. We find that both the mean thickness and volume of Columbia Glacier were approximately halved over the period 1957–2007, from 281m to 143 m, and from 294 km<sup>3</sup> to 134 km<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Using bedrock slope and considering how waves of thickness change propagate through the glacier, we conduct a brief analysis of the instability of Columbia Glacier, which leads us to conclude that the rapid portion of the retreat may be nearing an end.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","doi":"10.3189/2012JoG11J249","usgsCitation":"McNabb, R., Hock, R., O’Neel, S., Rasmussen, L.A., Ahn, Y., Braun, M., Conway, H., Herreid, S., Joughin, I., Pfeffer, W., Smith, B., and Truffer, M., 2012, Using surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topography: A case study at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA: Journal of Glaciology, v. 58, no. 212, p. 1151-1164, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J249.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1164","ipdsId":"IP-035643","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263547,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.igsoc.org/journal/58/212/t11J249.pdf"},{"id":263546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J249"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Glacier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.11,52.68 ], [ -155.11,62.54 ], [ -141.02,62.54 ], [ -141.02,52.68 ], [ -155.11,52.68 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"58","issue":"212","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e56539e4b0a4aa5bb04b88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNabb, R.W.","contributorId":36825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNabb","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hock, R.","contributorId":80921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hock","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rasmussen, Lowell A.","contributorId":36930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ahn, Y.","contributorId":11097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahn","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Braun, M.","contributorId":39271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conway, H.","contributorId":21353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herreid, S.","contributorId":102358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herreid","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Joughin, I.","contributorId":105084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joughin","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pfeffer, W.T.","contributorId":14632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, B.E.","contributorId":36495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Truffer, M.","contributorId":11908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truffer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70041050,"text":"70041050 - 2012 - High shrew diversity on Alaska's Seward Peninsula: Community assembly and environmental change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T20:51:42","indexId":"70041050","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High shrew diversity on Alaska's Seward Peninsula: Community assembly and environmental change","docAbstract":"In September 2010, 6 species of shrews (genus: <i>Sorex</i>) were collected at a single locality on the Seward Peninsula of Alaska. Such high sympatric diversity within a single mammalian genus is seldom realized. This phenomenon at high latitudes highlights complex Arctic community dynamics that reflect significant turnover through time as a consequence of environmental change. Each of these shrew species occupies a broad geographic distribution collectively spanning the entire Holarctic, although the study site lies within Eastern Beringia, near the periphery of all individual ranges. A review of published genetic evidence reflects a depauperate shrew community within ice-free Beringia through the last glaciation, and recent assembly of current diversity during the Holocene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","publisherLocation":"www.snwvb.org","doi":"10.1898/nwn11-26.1","usgsCitation":"Hope, A.G., 2012, High shrew diversity on Alaska's Seward Peninsula: Community assembly and environmental change: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 93, no. 2, p. 101-110, https://doi.org/10.1898/nwn11-26.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"110","ipdsId":"IP-036890","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263557,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263556,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1898/nwn11-26.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -167.72,64.48 ], [ -167.72,66.44 ], [ -159.49,66.44 ], [ -159.49,64.48 ], [ -167.72,64.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dec30be4b0dfbe79e5cb47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hope, Andrew G. 0000-0003-3814-2891 ahope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2891","contributorId":4309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hope","given":"Andrew","email":"ahope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041040,"text":"70041040 - 2012 - Listening to Glaciers: Passive hydroacoustics near marine-terminating glaciers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:00:59","indexId":"70041040","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Listening to Glaciers: Passive hydroacoustics near marine-terminating glaciers","docAbstract":"The catastrophic breakup of the Larsen B Ice Shelf in the Weddell Sea in 2002 paints a vivid portrait of the effects of glacier-climate interactions. This event, along with other unexpected episodes of rapid mass loss from marine-terminating glaciers (i.e., tidewater glaciers, outlet glaciers, ice streams, ice shelves) sparked intensified study of the boundaries where marine-terminating glaciers interact with the ocean. These dynamic and dangerous boundaries require creative methods of observation and measurement. Toward this effort, we take advantage of the exceptional sound-propagating properties of seawater to record and interpret sounds generated at these glacial ice-ocean boundaries from distances safe for instrument deployment and operation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oceanography Society","publisherLocation":"Rockville, MD","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2012.81","usgsCitation":"Pettit, E., Nystuen, J., and O’Neel, S., 2012, Listening to Glaciers: Passive hydroacoustics near marine-terminating glaciers: Oceanography, v. 25, no. 3, p. 104-105, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2012.81.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-035646","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2012.81","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263558,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2012.81"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df90dce4b0dfbe79e6d960","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettit, E.C.","contributorId":50003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettit","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nystuen, J.A.","contributorId":107165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystuen","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041052,"text":"70041052 - 2012 - Chronic hydrocarbon exposure of harlequin ducks in areas affected by the Selendang Ayu oil spill at Unalaska Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-01T12:34:32","indexId":"70041052","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronic hydrocarbon exposure of harlequin ducks in areas affected by the Selendang Ayu oil spill at Unalaska Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"We evaluated chronic exposure of harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) to hydrocarbons associated with the 2004 M/V Selendang Ayu oil spill at Unalaska Island, Alaska. We measured levels of hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) in liver biopsy samples as an indicator of hydrocarbon exposure in three oiled bays and one reference bay in 2005, 2006, and 2008. Median EROD activity in ducks from oiled bays was significantly higher than in the reference bay in seven of nine pairwise comparisons. These results indicated that harlequin ducks were exposed to lingering hydrocarbons more than three years after the spill.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.1997","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Schamber, J., Trust, K., Miles, A., Henderson, J., and Wilson, B., 2012, Chronic hydrocarbon exposure of harlequin ducks in areas affected by the Selendang Ayu oil spill at Unalaska Island, Alaska: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 31, no. 12, p. 2828-2831, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1997.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2828","endPage":"2831","ipdsId":"IP-037063","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263536,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.1997"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Unalaska Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.7784,53.8017 ], [ -166.7784,54.0101 ], [ -166.3718,54.0101 ], [ -166.3718,53.8017 ], [ -166.7784,53.8017 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d90f8ae4b0af4069e45478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schamber, J.L.","contributorId":92012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trust, K.A.","contributorId":107465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trust","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henderson, J.D.","contributorId":61275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, B.W.","contributorId":32897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70118129,"text":"70118129 - 2012 - Spawning salmon and the fitness of stream-dwelling fishes: Marine-derived nutrients show saturating effects on growth and energy storage in juvenile salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-10T10:54:17.279374","indexId":"70118129","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning salmon and the fitness of stream-dwelling fishes: Marine-derived nutrients show saturating effects on growth and energy storage in juvenile salmonids","docAbstract":"<p>We examined how marine-derived nutrients (MDN), in the form of spawning Pacific salmon, influenced the nutritional status and d15N of stream-dwelling fishes. We sampled juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) during spring and fall from 11 south-central Alaskan streams that ranged widely in spawning salmon biomass (0.1&ndash;4.7 kg&bull;m&ndash;2). Growth rate (as indexed by RNA&ndash;DNA ratios), energy density, and d15N enrichment in spring-sampled fishes increased with spawner biomass, indicating the persistence of spawner effects more than 6 months after salmon spawning. Point estimates suggest that spawner effects on nutrition were substantially greater for coho salmon than Dolly Varden (268% and 175% greater for growth and energy, respectively), indicating that both species benefitted physiologically, but that juvenile coho salmon accrued more benefits than Dolly Varden. Although the data were less conclusive for fall- than spring-sampled fish, they do suggest spawner effects were also generally positive during fall, soon after salmon spawned. In a follow-up analysis where growth rate and energy density were modeled as a function of d15N enrichment, results suggested that both increased with MDN assimilation, especially in juvenile coho salmon. Our results support the importance of salmon runs to the nutritional ecology of stream-dwelling fishes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council of Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","usgsCitation":"Rinella, D., Wipfli, M., Stricker, C.A., and Heintz, R., 2012, Spawning salmon and the fitness of stream-dwelling fishes: Marine-derived nutrients show saturating effects on growth and energy storage in juvenile salmonids: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 69, no. 1, p. 73-84.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, D.J.","contributorId":58476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, M.S.","contributorId":51963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, C. A.","contributorId":56758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heintz, R.","contributorId":9979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heintz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041042,"text":"70041042 - 2012 - Food availability and offspring sex in a monogamous seabird: insights from an experimental approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T17:09:59","indexId":"70041042","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food availability and offspring sex in a monogamous seabird: insights from an experimental approach","docAbstract":"Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should favor offspring of the sex that provides the greatest fitness return. Despite growing evidence suggesting that vertebrates are able to overcome the constraint of chromosomal sex determination, the general pattern remains equivocal, indicating a need for experimental investigations. We used an experimental feeding design to study sex allocation during 3 years in black-legged kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>). Intense male–male competition for securing a breeding site is common in this species in which males are heavier and larger than females. Hence, we hypothesized that parents producing fledglings in better than average condition, as supplementarily fed pairs do, would increase their fitness return by producing sons. Conversely, producing daughters would be a better tactic for Unfed parents. Hence, we predicted that Fed parents produce more sons than Unfed parents. This prediction is particularly expected if sexual dimorphism arises as early as during chick rearing, suggesting strong selective pressures for optimal male development. Our results showed that 1) males were heavier and larger than females prior to fledging and that 2) Fed parents produced relatively more male hatchlings than Unfed parents. We interpret this result in terms of a Trivers–Willard-type process. Furthermore, our data revealed that Unfed parents significantly overproduced female hatchlings, whereas offspring sex ratio was balanced among Fed parents. Because the 3 reproductive seasons we considered were particularly poor food years, Unfed parents may have overproduced daughters to avoid the apparent higher reproductive costs of raising sons.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","publisherLocation":"Oxford, U.K.","doi":"10.1093/beheco/ars023","usgsCitation":"Merkling, T., Leclaire, S., Danchin, E., Lhuillier, E., Wagner, R., White, J., Hatch, S.A., and Blanchard, P., 2012, Food availability and offspring sex in a monogamous seabird: insights from an experimental approach: Behavioral Ecology, v. 23, no. 4, p. 751-758, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars023.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"758","ipdsId":"IP-031621","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263554,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars023"},{"id":263555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c2be4b08b071e771b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merkling, Thomas","contributorId":19453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkling","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leclaire, Sarah","contributorId":46385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leclaire","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danchin, Etienne","contributorId":69034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"Etienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lhuillier, Emeline","contributorId":99854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lhuillier","given":"Emeline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wagner, Richard H.","contributorId":94943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Richard H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Joel","contributorId":60100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blanchard, Pierrick","contributorId":56949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Pierrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70136192,"text":"70136192 - 2012 - A simple method for in situ monitoring of water temperature in substrates used by spawning salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T10:39:18","indexId":"70136192","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple method for in situ monitoring of water temperature in substrates used by spawning salmonids","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interstitial water temperature within spawning habitats of salmonids may differ from surface-water temperature depending on intragravel flow paths, geomorphic setting, or presence of groundwater. Because survival and developmental timing of salmon are partly controlled by temperature, monitoring temperature within gravels used by spawning salmonids is required to adequately describe the environment experienced by incubating eggs and embryos. Here we describe a simple method of deploying electronic data loggers within gravel substrates with minimal alteration of the natural gravel structure and composition. Using data collected in spawning sites used by summer and fall chum salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus keta</i><span>&nbsp;from two streams within the Yukon River watershed, we compare contrasting thermal regimes to demonstrate the utility of this method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/032012-JFWM-025","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., and Finn, J.E., 2012, A simple method for in situ monitoring of water temperature in substrates used by spawning salmonids: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 2, p. 288-295, https://doi.org/10.3996/032012-JFWM-025.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026489","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/032012-jfwm-025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b21e4b08de9379b3266","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, James E.","contributorId":11157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041039,"text":"70041039 - 2012 - Behavioral vs. molecular sources of conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA: The role of male-biased dispersal in a Holarctic sea duck","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:50:12","indexId":"70041039","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral vs. molecular sources of conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA: The role of male-biased dispersal in a Holarctic sea duck","docAbstract":"Genetic studies of waterfowl (Anatidae) have observed the full spectrum of mitochondrial (mt) DNA population divergence, from apparent panmixia to deep, reciprocally monophyletic lineages. Yet, these studies often found weak or no nuclear (nu) DNA structure, which was often attributed to male-biased gene flow, a common behaviour within this family. An alternative explanation for this ‘conflict’ is that the smaller effective population size and faster sorting rate of mtDNA relative to nuDNA lead to different signals of population structure. We tested these alternatives by sequencing 12 nuDNA introns for a Holarctic pair of waterfowl subspecies, the European goosander (<i>Mergus merganser merganser</i>) and the North American common merganser (<i>M. m. americanus</i>), which exhibit strong population structure in mtDNA. We inferred effective population sizes, gene flow and divergence times from published mtDNA sequences and simulated expected differentiation for nuDNA based on those histories. Between Europe and North America, nuDNA Ф<sub><i>ST</i></sub> was 3.4-fold lower than mtDNA Ф<sub><i>ST</i></sub>, a result consistent with differences in sorting rates. However, despite geographically structured and monophyletic mtDNA lineages within continents, nuDNA Ф<sub><i>ST</i></sub> values were generally zero and significantly lower than predicted. This between- and within-continent contrast held when comparing mtDNA and nuDNA among published studies of ducks. Thus, male-mediated gene flow is a better explanation than slower sorting rates for limited nuDNA differentiation within continents, which is also supported by nonmolecular data. This study illustrates the value of quantitatively testing discrepancies between mtDNA and nuDNA to reject the null hypothesis that conflict simply reflects different sorting rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05612.x","usgsCitation":"Peters, J.L., Bolender, K.A., and Pearce, J.M., 2012, Behavioral vs. molecular sources of conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA: The role of male-biased dispersal in a Holarctic sea duck: Molecular Ecology, v. 21, no. 14, p. 3562-3575, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05612.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3562","endPage":"3575","ipdsId":"IP-036527","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263519,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05612.x"}],"volume":"21","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d88991e4b0af4069e40c3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":34402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolender, Kimberly A.","contributorId":62492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolender","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041059,"text":"70041059 - 2012 - Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the Tordrillo Mountains, Alaska: Paleocene-Eocene ridge subduction, decreasing relief, and late Neogene faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:13:30.196029","indexId":"70041059","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the Tordrillo Mountains, Alaska: Paleocene-Eocene ridge subduction, decreasing relief, and late Neogene faulting","docAbstract":"<p><span>Topographic development inboard of the continental margin is a predicted response to ridge subduction. New thermochronology results from the western Alaska Range document ridge subduction related orogenesis. K-feldspar thermochronology (KFAT) of bedrock samples from the Tordrillo Mountains in the western Alaska Range complement existing U-Pb,&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar and AFT (apatite fission track) data to provide constraints on Paleocene pluton emplacement, and cooling as well as Late Eocene to Miocene vertical movements and exhumation along fault-bounded blocks. Based on the KFAT analysis we infer rapid exhumation-related cooling during the Eocene in the Tordrillo Mountains. Our KFAT cooling ages are coeval with deposition of clastic sediments in the Cook Inlet, Matanuska Valley and Tanana basins, which reflect high-energy depositional environments. The Tordrillo Mountains KFAT cooling ages are also the same as cooling ages in the Iliamna Lake region, the Kichatna Mountains of the western Alaska Range, and Mt. Logan in the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains, thus rapid cooling at this time encompasses a broad region inboard of, and parallel to, the continental margin extending for several hundred kilometers. We infer these cooling events and deposition of clastic rocks are related to thermal effects that track the eastward passage of a slab window in Paleocene-Eocene time related to the subduction of the proposed Resurrection-Kula spreading ridge. In addition, we conclude that the reconstructed KFAT</span><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;negative age-elevation relationship is likely related to a long period of decreasing relief in the Tordrillo Mountains.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GC003951","usgsCitation":"Benowitz, J.A., Haeussler, P.J., Layer, P.W., O'Sullivan, P., Wallace, W.K., and Gillis, R., 2012, Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the Tordrillo Mountains, Alaska: Paleocene-Eocene ridge subduction, decreasing relief, and late Neogene faulting: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 4, Q04009; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003951.","productDescription":"Q04009; 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-036740","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gc003951","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tordrillo Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.65,\n              61.985\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.65,\n              61.18\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.42,\n              61.18\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.42,\n              61.985\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.65,\n              61.985\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d8ddabe4b0af4069e43928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benowitz, Jeff A.","contributorId":31282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benowitz","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Layer, Paul W.","contributorId":59483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":36627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, Wes K.","contributorId":106397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Wes","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gillis, Robert J.","contributorId":69438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillis","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041081,"text":"70041081 - 2012 - Evidence of accelerated beak growth associated with avian keratin disorder in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T17:53:45","indexId":"70041081","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence of accelerated beak growth associated with avian keratin disorder in black-capped chickadees (<i>Poecile atricapillus</i>)","title":"Evidence of accelerated beak growth associated with avian keratin disorder in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)","docAbstract":"<p>We recently documented an epizootic of beak deformities in more than 2,000 Black-capped Chickadees (<i>Poecile atricapillus</i>) and other wild bird species in North America. This emerging avian disease, which has been termed <i>avian keratin disorder</i>, results in gross overgrowth of the rhamphotheca, the outer, keratinized layer of the beak. To test the hypothesis that the beak deformities characteristic of this disorder are associated with accelerated keratin production, we measured rates of beak growth and wear in affected Black-capped Chickadees (<i>n</i>=16) and a control sample of unaffected chickadees (<i>n</i>=14) collected from south-central (61°09′–61°38′N, 149°11′–149°48′W) and interior Alaska (64°51′–64°53′N, 147°49′–147°59′W). Rates of absolute growth were 50–100% higher in affected birds than they were in control birds and exceeded records from other passerine species. These results suggest that abnormally rapid epidermal growth is the primary physical mechanism by which beak deformities develop and are maintained in affected chickadees. Although beak overgrowth typically worsened over time, differential patterns of wear influenced the severity and morphology of deformities. In some cases, the effects of accelerated keratin growth were partially mitigated by frequent breakage of rhamphothecal tips. However, mortalities occurred in 9 of 16 birds (56%) with beak deformities during the study, suggesting that avian keratin disorder results in severe health consequences for affected birds. Additional study of factors that control beak keratin production is needed to understand the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease in wild birds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-48.3.686","usgsCitation":"Van Hemert, C.R., Handel, C.M., and O'Hara, T., 2012, Evidence of accelerated beak growth associated with avian keratin disorder in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 48, no. 3, p. 686-694, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.3.686.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"686","endPage":"694","ipdsId":"IP-039158","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.3.686","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dcae69e4b0d55926e3efb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Hara, Todd M.","contributorId":34768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041044,"text":"70041044 - 2012 - Effects of sea ice on winter site fidelity of Pacific common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigrum</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:46:33","indexId":"70041044","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sea ice on winter site fidelity of Pacific common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigrum</i>)","docAbstract":"In northern marine habitats, the presence or absence of sea ice results in variability in the distribution of many species and the quality and availability of pelagic winter habitat. To understand the effects of ice on intra- and inter-annual winter site fidelity and movements in a northern sea-duck species, we marked 25 adult Pacific Common Eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigrum</i>) on their nesting area at Cape Espenberg, Alaska, with satellite transmitters and monitored their movements to their wintering areas in the northern Bering Sea for a 2-year period. We examined changes in winter fidelity in relation to home-range characteristics and ice. Characteristics of polynyas (areas with persistent open water during winter) varied substantially and likely had an effect on the size of winter ranges and movements within polynyas. Movements within polynyas were correlated with changes in weather that affected ice conditions. Ninety-five percent of individuals were found within their 95% utilization distribution (UD) of the previous year, and 90% were found within their 50% UD. Spatial distributions of winter locations between years changed for 32% of the individuals; however, we do not consider these subtle movements biologically significant. Although ice conditions varied between polynyas within and between years, the Common Eiders monitored in our study showed a high degree of fidelity to their winter areas. This observation is counterintuitive, given the requirement that resources are predictable for site fidelity to occur; however, ice may not have been severe enough to restrict access to other resources and, subsequently, force birds to move.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2012.11256","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., Douglas, D.C., Wilson, H.M., and McCloskey, S.E., 2012, Effects of sea ice on winter site fidelity of Pacific common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigrum</i>): The Auk, v. 129, no. 3, p. 399-408, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11256.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"408","ipdsId":"IP-036886","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11256","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cape Espenberg","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"129","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db4a98e4b0612706009f1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Heather M.","contributorId":37056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13236,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCloskey, Sarah E. smccloskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":22649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCloskey","given":"Sarah","email":"smccloskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041063,"text":"70041063 - 2012 - Bioenergetics model for estimating food requirements of female Pacific walruses (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T20:04:51","indexId":"70041063","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioenergetics model for estimating food requirements of female Pacific walruses (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>)","docAbstract":"Pacific walruses Odobenus rosmarus divergens use sea ice as a platform for resting, nursing, and accessing extensive benthic foraging grounds. The extent of summer sea ice in the Chukchi Sea has decreased substantially in recent decades, causing walruses to alter habitat use and activity patterns which could affect their energy requirements. We developed a bioenergetics model to estimate caloric demand of female walruses, accounting for maintenance, growth, activity (active in-water and hauled-out resting), molt, and reproductive costs. Estimates for non-reproductive females 0–12 yr old (65−810 kg) ranged from 16359 to 68960 kcal d<sup>−1</sup> (74−257 kcal d<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) for years with readily available sea ice for which we assumed animals spent 83% of their time in water. This translated into the energy content of 3200–5960 clams per day, equivalent to 7–8% and 14–9% of body mass per day for 5–12 and 2–4 yr olds, respectively. Estimated consumption rates of 12 yr old females were minimally affected by pregnancy, but lactation had a large impact, increasing consumption rates to 15% of body mass per day. Increasing the proportion of time in water to 93%, as might happen if walruses were required to spend more time foraging during ice-free periods, increased daily caloric demand by 6–7% for non-lactating females. We provide the first bioenergetics-based estimates of energy requirements for walruses and a first step towards establishing bioenergetic linkages between demography and prey requirements that can ultimately be used in predicting this population’s response to environmental change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps09706","usgsCitation":"Noren, S., Udevitz, M.S., and Jay, C., 2012, Bioenergetics model for estimating food requirements of female Pacific walruses (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>): Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 460, p. 261-275, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09706.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"275","ipdsId":"IP-036187","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09706","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263525,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09706"}],"volume":"460","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d89a7ce4b0af4069e415c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noren, S.R.","contributorId":78218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noren","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jay, C.V. 0000-0002-9559-2189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":67827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"C.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041051,"text":"70041051 - 2012 - Analysis of low-frequency seismic signals generated during a multiple-iceberg calving event at Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:02:34","indexId":"70041051","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of low-frequency seismic signals generated during a multiple-iceberg calving event at Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland","docAbstract":"We investigated seismic signals generated during a large-scale, multiple iceberg calving event that occurred at Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, on 21 August 2009. The event was recorded by a high-rate time-lapse camera and five broadband seismic stations located within a few hundred kilometers of the terminus. During the event two full-glacier-thickness icebergs calved from the grounded (or nearly grounded) terminus and immediately capsized; the second iceberg to calve was two to three times smaller than the first. The individual calving and capsize events were well-correlated with the radiation of low-frequency seismic signals (<0.1 Hz) dominated by Love and Rayleigh waves. In agreement with regional records from previously published ‘glacial earthquakes’, these low-frequency seismic signals had maximum power and/or signal-to-noise ratios in the 0.05–0.1 Hz band. Similarly, full waveform inversions indicate that these signals were also generated by horizontal single forces acting at the glacier terminus. The signals therefore appear to be local manifestations of glacial earthquakes, although the magnitudes of the signals (twice-time integrated force histories) were considerably smaller than previously reported glacial earthquakes. We thus speculate that such earthquakes may be a common, if not pervasive, feature of all full-glacier-thickness calving events from grounded termini. Finally, a key result from our study is that waveform inversions performed on low-frequency, calving-generated seismic signals may have only limited ability to quantitatively estimate mass losses from calving. In particular, the choice of source time function has little impact on the inversion but dramatically changes the earthquake magnitude. Accordingly, in our analysis, it is unclear whether the smaller or larger of the two calving icebergs generated a larger seismic signal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JF002132","usgsCitation":"Walter, F., Amundson, J.M., O’Neel, S., Truffer, M., Fahnestock, M., and Fricker, H., 2012, Analysis of low-frequency seismic signals generated during a multiple-iceberg calving event at Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, F01036; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002132.","productDescription":"F01036; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-035627","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jf002132","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263517,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002132"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.0,59.8 ], [ -73.0,83.6 ], [ -11.3,83.6 ], [ -11.3,59.8 ], [ -73.0,59.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d7d904e4b0c5576aef6f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Fabian","contributorId":21431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Fabian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Jason M.","contributorId":26944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Truffer, Martin","contributorId":48065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truffer","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fahnestock, Mark","contributorId":80565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahnestock","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fricker, Helen A.","contributorId":57337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fricker","given":"Helen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041045,"text":"70041045 - 2012 - A multi-sensor lidar, multi-spectral and multi-angular approach for mapping canopy height in boreal forest regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:41:10","indexId":"70041045","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-sensor lidar, multi-spectral and multi-angular approach for mapping canopy height in boreal forest regions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatially explicit representations of vegetation canopy height over large regions are necessary for a wide variety of inventory, monitoring, and modeling activities. Although airborne lidar data has been successfully used to develop vegetation canopy height maps in many regions, for vast, sparsely populated regions such as the boreal forest biome, airborne lidar is not widely available. An alternative approach to canopy height mapping in areas where airborne lidar data is limited is to use spaceborne lidar measurements in combination with multi-angular and multi-spectral remote sensing data to produce comprehensive canopy height maps for the entire region. This study uses spaceborne lidar data from the Geosciences Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) as training data for regression tree models that incorporate multi-angular and multi-spectral data from the Multi-Angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) to map vegetation canopy height across a 1,300,000&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span> swath of boreal forest in Interior Alaska. Results are compared to in situ height measurements as well as airborne lidar data. Although many of the GLAS-derived canopy height estimates are inaccurate, applying a series of filters incorporating both data associated with the GLAS shots as well as ancillary data such as land cover can identify the majority of height estimates with significant errors, resulting in a filtered dataset with much higher accuracy. Results from the regression tree models indicate that late winter MISR imagery acquired under snow-covered conditions is effective for mapping canopy heights ranging from 5 to 15&nbsp;m, which includes the vast majority of forests in the region. It appears that neither MISR nor MODIS imagery acquired during the growing season is effective for canopy height mapping, although including summer multi-spectral MODIS data along with winter MISR imagery does appear to provide a slight increase in the accuracy of resulting height maps. The finding that winter, snow-covered MISR imagery can be used to map canopy height is important because clear sky days are nearly three times as common during the late winter period as during the growing season. The increased odds of acquiring cloud-free imagery during the target acquisition period make regularly updated forest height inventories for Interior Alaska much more feasible. A major advantage of the GLAS–MISR–MODIS canopy height mapping methodology described here is that this approach uses only data that is freely available worldwide, making the approach potentially applicable across the entire circumpolar boreal forest region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.020","usgsCitation":"Selkowitz, D.J., Green, G., Peterson, B.E., and Wylie, B., 2012, A multi-sensor lidar, multi-spectral and multi-angular approach for mapping canopy height in boreal forest regions: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 121, p. 458-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.020.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"471","ipdsId":"IP-035645","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263515,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.020"}],"volume":"121","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d59e83e4b0ba654692b9b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selkowitz, David J. 0000-0003-0824-7051 dselkowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-7051","contributorId":3259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"David","email":"dselkowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Gordon","contributorId":65738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Birgit E. 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":3599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":107996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188518,"text":"70188518 - 2012 - Characterizing post-drainage succession in Thermokarst Lake Basins on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska with TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Landsat-based NDVI data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:12:02","indexId":"70188518","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing post-drainage succession in Thermokarst Lake Basins on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska with TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Landsat-based NDVI data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Drained thermokarst lake basins accumulate significant amounts of soil organic carbon in the form of peat, which is of interest to understanding carbon cycling and climate change feedbacks associated with thermokarst in the Arctic. Remote sensing is a tool useful for understanding temporal and spatial dynamics of drained basins. In this study, we tested the application of high-resolution X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of the German TerraSAR-X satellite from the 2009 growing season (July–September) for characterizing drained thermokarst lake basins of various age in the ice-rich permafrost region of the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. To enhance interpretation of patterns identified in X-band SAR for these basins, we also analyzed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from a Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image acquired on July 2009 and compared both X-band SAR and NDVI data with observations of basin age. We found significant logarithmic relationships between (a) TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, (b) Landat-5 TM NDVI and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, and (c) TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 50 to 10,000 years. NDVI was a better indicator of basin age over a period of 0–10,000 years. However, TerraSAR-X data performed much better for discriminating radiocarbon-dated basins (50–10,000 years old). No clear relationships were found for either backscatter or NDVI and basin age from 0 to 50 years. We attribute the decreasing trend of backscatter and NDVI with increasing basin age to post-drainage changes in the basin surface. Such changes include succession in vegetation, soils, hydrology, and renewed permafrost aggradation, ground ice accumulation and localized frost heave. Results of this study show the potential application of X-band SAR data in combination with NDVI data to map long-term succession dynamics of drained thermokarst lake basins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Remote Sensing","doi":"10.3390/rs4123741","usgsCitation":"Regmi, P., Grosse, G., Jones, M.C., Jones, B.M., and Walter Anthony, K., 2012, Characterizing post-drainage succession in Thermokarst Lake Basins on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska with TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Landsat-based NDVI data: Remote Sensing, v. 4, p. 3741-3765, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4123741.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"3741","endPage":"3765","ipdsId":"IP-041633","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4123741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.4443359375,\n              66.46066349658045\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.806640625,\n              66.23145747862573\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.3779296875,\n              66.12496236487968\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.30078125,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.564453125,\n              66.42553717157787\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.564453125,\n              66.65297740055279\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.35546875,\n              66.75724984139227\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.9375,\n              66.58321725728175\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.2119140625,\n              66.31986144668052\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.00292968749997,\n              66.01801815922045\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.7060546875,\n              65.4034447883078\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              64.4348920430406\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.9814453125,\n              64.01449619484472\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.30078125,\n              63.93737246791484\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.20214843749997,\n              64.35893097894458\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.3232421875,\n              64.60503753178527\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.0595703125,\n              64.77412531292873\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.4443359375,\n              65.164578884019\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.26855468749997,\n              65.56754970214311\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.048828125,\n              65.92855383515203\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.4443359375,\n              66.46066349658045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3de4b0764e6c65dc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regmi, Prajna","contributorId":192910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regmi","given":"Prajna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":146182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter Anthony, Katey","contributorId":192911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter Anthony","given":"Katey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70041035,"text":"70041035 - 2012 - Predicted eelgrass response to sea level rise and its availability to foraging Black Brant in Pacific coast estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-29T16:02:34","indexId":"70041035","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicted eelgrass response to sea level rise and its availability to foraging Black Brant in Pacific coast estuaries","docAbstract":"Managers need to predict how animals will respond to habitat redistributions caused by climate change. Our objective was to model the effects of sea level rise on total eelgrass (<i>Zostera marina</i>) habitat area and on the amount of that area that is accessible to Brant geese (<i>Branta bernicla</i>), specialist grazers of eelgrass. Digital elevation models were developed for seven estuaries from Alaska, Washington, California (USA), and Mexico. Scenarios of future total eelgrass area were derived from combinations of estuarine specific sediment and tectonic rates (i.e., bottom change rate) with three rates of eustatic sea level rise (ESLR). Percentages of total eelgrass areas that were accessible to foraging Brant were determined for December when the birds overwinter at more southerly sites and in April as they move north to sites where they build body stores on their way to nesting areas in Alaska. The modeling showed that accessible eelgrass area could be lower than total area due to how daytime low-tide height, eelgrass shoot length, and the upper elevation of eelgrass determined Brant-reaching depth. Projections of future eelgrass area indicated that present-day ESLR (2.8 mm/yr) and bottom change rates should sustain the current pattern of estuarine use by Brant except in Morro Bay, where use should decrease because eelgrass is being ejected from this estuary by a positive bottom change rate. Higher ESLR rates (6.3 and 12.7 mm/yr) should result in less Brant use of estuaries at the northern and southern ends of the flyway, particularly during the winter, but more use of mid-latitude estuaries. The capacity of mid-latitude estuaries to function as Brant feeding refugia, or for these estuaries and Izembek Lagoon to provide drift rather than attached leaves, is eventually limited by the decrease in total eelgrass area, which is a result of a light extinction affect on the eelgrass, or the habitat being pushed out of the estuary by positive tectonic rates. Management responses are limited to the increase or decrease of sediment supply and the relocation of levees to allow for upslope migration of eelgrass habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-1083.1","usgsCitation":"Shaughnessy, F.J., Gilkerson, W., Black, J.M., Ward, D.H., and Petrie, M., 2012, Predicted eelgrass response to sea level rise and its availability to foraging Black Brant in Pacific coast estuaries: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1743-1761, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1083.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1743","endPage":"1761","ipdsId":"IP-037026","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263498,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1083.1"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Alaska;California;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173,14.5 ], [ 173,71.9 ], [ -86.7,71.9 ], [ -86.7,14.5 ], [ 173,14.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e17ddee4b0ff1e7c57860e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaughnessy, Frank J.","contributorId":75831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaughnessy","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilkerson, Whelan","contributorId":94946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilkerson","given":"Whelan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":77822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petrie, Mark","contributorId":18245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrie","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041041,"text":"70041041 - 2012 - Peat accumulation in drained thermokarst lake basins in continuous, ice-rich permafrost, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T22:15:04","indexId":"70041041","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peat accumulation in drained thermokarst lake basins in continuous, ice-rich permafrost, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Thermokarst lakes and peat-accumulating drained lake basins cover a substantial portion of Arctic lowland landscapes, yet the role of thermokarst lake drainage and ensuing peat formation in landscape-scale carbon (C) budgets remains understudied. Here we use measurements of terrestrial peat thickness, bulk density, organic matter content, and basal radiocarbon age from permafrost cores, soil pits, and exposures in vegetated, drained lake basins to characterize regional lake drainage chronology, C accumulation rates, and the role of thermokarst-lake cycling in carbon dynamics throughout the Holocene on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Most detectable lake drainage events occurred within the last 4,000 years with the highest drainage frequency during the medieval climate anomaly. Peat accumulation rates were highest in young (50–500 years) drained lake basins (35.2 g C m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) and decreased exponentially with time since drainage to 9 g C m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in the oldest basins. Spatial analyses of terrestrial peat depth, basal peat radiocarbon ages, basin geomorphology, and satellite-derived land surface properties (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF)) from Landsat satellite data revealed significant relationships between peat thickness and mean basin NDVI or MNF. By upscaling observed relationships, we infer that drained thermokarst lake basins, covering 391 km<sup>2</sup> (76%) of the 515 km<sup>2</sup> study region, store 6.4–6.6 Tg organic C in drained lake basin terrestrial peat. Peat accumulation in drained lake basins likely serves to offset greenhouse gas release from thermokarst-impacted landscapes and should be incorporated in landscape-scale C budgets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001766","usgsCitation":"Jones, M.C., Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., and Anthony, K.W., 2012, Peat accumulation in drained thermokarst lake basins in continuous, ice-rich permafrost, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001766.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"G00M07","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035962","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263480,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001766"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -130.0,71.39 ], [ -130.0,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e0f56ce4b0fec3206f1c76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, Katey Walter","contributorId":77441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Katey","email":"","middleInitial":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041057,"text":"70041057 - 2012 - Carry-over effects of winter location contribute to variation in timing of nest initiation and clutch size in black brant (<i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T10:30:57","indexId":"70041057","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carry-over effects of winter location contribute to variation in timing of nest initiation and clutch size in black brant (<i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>)","docAbstract":"We assessed carry-over effects from winter location on timing of nest initiation and clutch size of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) using observations of individually marked brant breeding at the Tutakoke River colony in Alaska, and wintering along a latitudinal gradient at three areas on the Pacific coast of Baja California: northernmost Bahia San Quintin (BSQ), Laguna Ojo de Liebre (LOL), and southernmost Laguna San Ignacio (LSI). Black Brant initiated nests according to a north—south trend in winter location, although year was a stronger predictor of initiation date than was wintering site. Female Black Brant that wintered at BSQ initiated nests 2.2 days earlier than females from LSI. Conversely, Black Brant showed only a weak south—north trend in clutch size; individuals from LSI laid slightly larger clutches than individuals from BSQ, probably because a smaller proportion of only high-quality females from the southernmost wintering area in Baja California were able to attain the nutritional condition necessary to breed. These results indicate that winter location can influence individual reproductive performance and, potentially, limit population growth of southern segments of the wintering Black Brant population.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2012.11249","usgsCitation":"Schamber, J.L., Sedinger, J.S., and Ward, D.H., 2012, Carry-over effects of winter location contribute to variation in timing of nest initiation and clutch size in black brant (<i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>): The Auk, v. 129, no. 2, p. 205-210, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11249.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"210","ipdsId":"IP-036279","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d8d5bae4b0af4069e43436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schamber, Jason L.","contributorId":72512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041073,"text":"70041073 - 2012 - Polar and brown bear genomes reveal ancient admixture and demographic footprints of past climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:12:01","indexId":"70041073","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar and brown bear genomes reveal ancient admixture and demographic footprints of past climate change","docAbstract":"Polar bears (PBs) are superbly adapted to the extreme Arctic environment and have become emblematic of the threat to biodiversity from global climate change. Their divergence from the lower-latitude brown bear provides a textbook example of rapid evolution of distinct phenotypes. However, limited mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence conflicts in the timing of PB origin as well as placement of the species within versus sister to the brown bear lineage. We gathered extensive genomic sequence data from contemporary polar, brown, and American black bear samples, in addition to a 130,000- to 110,000-y old PB, to examine this problem from a genome-wide perspective. Nuclear DNA markers reflect a species tree consistent with expectation, showing polar and brown bears to be sister species. However, for the enigmatic brown bears native to Alaska's Alexander Archipelago, we estimate that not only their mitochondrial genome, but also 5–10% of their nuclear genome, is most closely related to PBs, indicating ancient admixture between the two species. Explicit admixture analyses are consistent with ancient splits among PBs, brown bears and black bears that were later followed by occasional admixture. We also provide paleodemographic estimates that suggest bear evolution has tracked key climate events, and that PB in particular experienced a prolonged and dramatic decline in its effective population size during the last ca. 500,000 years. We demonstrate that brown bears and PBs have had sufficiently independent evolutionary histories over the last 4–5 million years to leave imprints in the PB nuclear genome that likely are associated with ecological adaptation to the Arctic environment.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1210506109","usgsCitation":"Miller, W., Schuster, S.C., Welch, A.J., Ratan, A., Bedoya-Reina, O.C., Zhao, F., Kim, H.L., Burhans, R.C., Drautz, D.I., Wittekindt, N.E., Tomsho, L.P., Ibarra-Laclette, E., Herrera-Estrella, L., Peacock, E.L., Farley, S., Sage, G.K., Rode, K.D., Obbard, M.E., Montiel, R., Bachmann, L., Ingolfsson, O., Aars, J., Mailund, T., Wiig, Ø., Talbot, S.L., and Lindqvist, C., 2012, Polar and brown bear genomes reveal ancient admixture and demographic footprints of past climate change: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 109, no. 36, p. E2382-E2390, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1210506109.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"E2382","endPage":"E2390","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038885","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1210506109","text":"External Repository"},{"id":263495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e15df7e4b0ff1e7c57734f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Webb","contributorId":29671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Webb","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Stephan C.","contributorId":28836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welch, Andreanna J.","contributorId":7982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Andreanna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratan, Aakrosh","contributorId":99403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratan","given":"Aakrosh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C.","contributorId":33201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bedoya-Reina","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhao, Fangqing","contributorId":97790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Fangqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kim, Hie Lim","contributorId":88238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Hie","email":"","middleInitial":"Lim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burhans, Richard C.","contributorId":91768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burhans","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Drautz, Daniela I.","contributorId":91382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drautz","given":"Daniela","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wittekindt, Nicola E.","contributorId":52056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittekindt","given":"Nicola","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tomsho, Lynn P.","contributorId":44391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomsho","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ibarra-Laclette, Enrique","contributorId":96984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ibarra-Laclette","given":"Enrique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Herrera-Estrella, Luis","contributorId":91769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrera-Estrella","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Farley, Sean","contributorId":83415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farley","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Obbard, Martyn E.","contributorId":108002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obbard","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Montiel, Rafael","contributorId":75039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montiel","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Bachmann, Lutz","contributorId":94893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachmann","given":"Lutz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Ingolfsson, Olafur","contributorId":13839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingolfsson","given":"Olafur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Mailund, Thomas","contributorId":35210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mailund","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Lindqvist, Charlotte","contributorId":35989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindqvist","given":"Charlotte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}}
,{"id":70041100,"text":"ofr20121230 - 2012 - Soil data for a collapse-scar bog chronosequence in Koyukuk Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-29T10:08:25","indexId":"ofr20121230","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1230","title":"Soil data for a collapse-scar bog chronosequence in Koyukuk Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 2008","docAbstract":"Peatlands in the northern permafrost region store large amounts of organic carbon, most of which is currently stored in frozen peat deposits. Recent warming at high-latitudes has accelerated permafrost thaw in peatlands, which will likely result in the loss of soil organic carbon from previously frozen peat deposits to the atmosphere. Here, we report soil organic carbon inventories, soil physical data, and field descriptions from a collapse-scar bog chronosequence located in a peatland ecosystem at Koyukuk Flats National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121230","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J., Harden, J.W., Manies, K.L., and Jorgenson, M., 2012, Soil data for a collapse-scar bog chronosequence in Koyukuk Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1230, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121230.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1230.gif"},{"id":263468,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1230/"},{"id":263469,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1230/OF12-1230.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Koyukuk Flats National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.997477,64.715896 ], [ -156.997477,64.769533 ], [ -156.724214,64.769533 ], [ -156.724214,64.715896 ], [ -156.997477,64.715896 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4ca0ee4b0e8fec6ce1893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":6347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":40486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041250,"text":"ds709E - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Aynak mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter E in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:14:45","indexId":"ds709E","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"E","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Aynak mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter E in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Aynak mineral district, which has copper deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ((c)JAXA,2008,2010), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then coregistered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 315-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Aynak) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into four overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The four image tiles (or quadrants) for the Aynak area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Aynak study area, five subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Bakhel-Charwaz, Kelaghey-Kakhay, Kharuti-Dawrankhel, Logar Valley, and Yagh-Darra/Gul-Darra subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area’s image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense <a href=\"http://tfbso.defense.gov/www/\" target=\"_blank\">Task Force for Business and Stability Operations</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.bgs.ac.uk/AfghanMinerals/\" target=\"_blank\">Afghanistan Geological Survey</a>.  This report is Chapter E in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>. For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ds709\" target=\"_blank\">Data Series 709</a>.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Cagney, L.E., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Aynak mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter E in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 42.79 x 29.78 inches; 18 Image Files; 18 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709E.","productDescription":"Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 42.79 x 29.78 inches; 18 Image Files; 18 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_E.jpg"},{"id":263595,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/e/"},{"id":263600,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/e/index_maps/Aynak_Subarea_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":263601,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/e/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":263597,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/e/1_readme.txt"},{"id":263598,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/e/index_maps/Aynak_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":263599,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/e/index_maps/Aynak_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":263602,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/e/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":263603,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/e/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":263604,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Kabul;Logar;Paktya;Wardak","otherGeospatial":"Aynak Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 68.633333,34.083333 ], [ 68.633333,34.533333 ], [ 69.5,34.533333 ], [ 69.5,34.083333 ], [ 68.633333,34.083333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bd1396e4b069d93eefc4ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041372,"text":"ds709F - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Badakhshan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter F in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:14:25","indexId":"ds709F","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"F","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Badakhshan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter F in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Badakhshan mineral district, which has gold deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420-500 nanometer, nm), green (520-600 nm), red (610-690 nm), and near-infrared (760-890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520-770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ((c)JAXA,2007,2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then coregistered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Badakhshan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into six overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The six image tiles (or quadrants) for the Badakhshan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Badakhshan study area, three subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Bharak, Fayz-Abad, and Ragh subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area’s image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense <a href=\"http://tfbso.defense.gov/www/\" target=\"_blank\">Task Force for Business and Stability Operations</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.bgs.ac.uk/AfghanMinerals/\" target=\"_blank\">Afghanistan Geological Survey</a>.  This report is Chapter F in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>. For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ds709\" target=\"_blank\">Data Series 709</a>.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Badakhshan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter F in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 45.64 x 48.46 inches; 18 Image Files; 18 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709F.","productDescription":"Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 45.64 x 48.46 inches; 18 Image Files; 18 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_F.jpg"},{"id":263675,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/f/"},{"id":263676,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/f/1_readme.txt"},{"id":263677,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/f/index_maps/Badakhshan_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":263678,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/f/index_maps/Badakhshan_Image_Mosaic_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":263679,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/f/index_maps/Badakhshan_Subarea_Image_Mosaic_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":263680,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/f/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":263681,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/f/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":263682,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/f/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":263683,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/index.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Badakhshan","otherGeospatial":"Badakhshan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 70.25,37.0 ], [ 70.25,37.75 ], [ 71.25,37.75 ], [ 71.25,37.0 ], [ 70.25,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfbda6e4b01744973f7813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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