Formal decision-analytic methods can be used to frame disease control problems, the first step of which is to define a clear and specific objective. We demonstrate the imperative of framing clearly-defined management objectives in finding optimal control actions for control of disease outbreaks. We illustrate an analysis that can be applied rapidly at the start of an outbreak when there are multiple stakeholders involved with potentially multiple objectives, and when there are also multiple disease models upon which to compare control actions. The output of our analysis frames subsequent discourse between policy-makers, modellers and other stakeholders, by highlighting areas of discord among different management objectives and also among different models used in the analysis. We illustrate this approach in the context of a hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in Cumbria, UK using outputs from five rigorously-studied simulation models of FMD spread. We present both relative rankings and relative performance of controls within each model and across a range of objectives. Results illustrate how control actions change across both the base metric used to measure management success and across the statistic used to rank control actions according to said metric. This work represents a first step towards reconciling the extensive modelling work on disease control problems with frameworks for structured decision making.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epidem.2015.11.002","usgsCitation":"Probert, W., Shea, K., Fonnesbeck, C.J., Runge, M.C., Carpenter, T.E., Durr, S., Garner, M., Harvey, N., Stevenson, M.A., Webb, C.T., Werkman, M., Tildesley, M., and Ferrari, M., 2016, Decision-making for foot-and-mouth disease control: Objectives matter: Epidemics, v. 15, p. 10-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2015.11.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-070103","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2015.11.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58009d54e4b0824b2d183b87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Probert, William J. M.","contributorId":44759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Probert","given":"William J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shea, Katriona","contributorId":8783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"Katriona","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.","contributorId":83047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonnesbeck","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carpenter, Tim E.","contributorId":175354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durr, Salome","contributorId":175355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Durr","given":"Salome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garner, M. Graeme","contributorId":175356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"M. Graeme","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harvey, Neil","contributorId":175357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stevenson, Mark A.","contributorId":175358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevenson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Webb, Colleen T.","contributorId":52471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Werkman, Marleen","contributorId":175359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werkman","given":"Marleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tildesley, Michael J.","contributorId":100772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tildesley","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ferrari, Matthew J.","contributorId":67082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70155914,"text":"70155914 - 2016 - Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Dead Sea Rift Basins of Israel and Jordan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:20:26","indexId":"70155914","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5128,"text":"GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Dead Sea Rift Basins of Israel and Jordan","docAbstract":"Following its middle Miocene inception, numerous basins of varying lengths and depths developed along the Dead Sea fault zone, a large continental transform plate boundary. The modern day left-lateral fault zone has an accumulated left-lateral offset of 105 to 110 km (65 to 68 mi). The deepest basin along the fault zone, the Lake Lisan or Dead Sea basin, reaches depths of 7.5 to 8.5 km (24,500 ft to 28,000 ft), and shows evidence of hydrocarbons. The basins are compartmentalized by normal faulting associated with rapid basin subsidence and, where present, domal uplift accompanying synrift salt withdrawal.
\nThe stratigraphy of the fault zone is composed of a thick pre-wrench interval of early Tertiary to Precambrian strata overlain by a syn-wrench section of Miocene to Recent sediments. The main potential source rock is the pre-wrench Cretaceous Maastrichtian Ghareb Formation (and equivalents), which has a total organic carbon (TOC) content measurement of 8 to 18%. Lesser potential source rocks may also be found in the Pleistocene, Cretaceous (Turonian), Jurassic (Oxfordian–Callovian), and Triassic (Ladinian–Carnian).
\nGeochemical analyses indicate that the source of all oils, asphalts, and tars recovered in the Lake Lisan basin is the Ghareb Formation. Geothermal gradients along the Dead Sea fault zone vary from basin to basin. Syn-wrench potential reservoir rocks are highly porous and permeable, whereas pre-wrench strata commonly exhibit lower porosity and permeability. Biogenic gas has been produced from Pleistocene reservoirs. Potential sealing intervals may be present in Neogene evaporites and tight lacustrine limestones and shales. Simple structural traps are not evident; however, subsalt traps may exist. Unconventional source rock reservoir potential has not been tested.
","language":"English","publisher":"GCSSEPM Foundation","doi":"10.5724/gcs.15.34.0521","usgsCitation":"Coleman, J.L., and ten Brink, U., 2016, Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Dead Sea Rift Basins of Israel and Jordan: GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings, v. 34, p. 521-553, https://doi.org/10.5724/gcs.15.34.0521.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067308","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb7e4b081161682234b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, James L. jlcoleman@usgs.gov","contributorId":141060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182719,"text":"70182719 - 2016 - Acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T14:23:17","indexId":"70182719","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"Acid mine drainage (AMD) consists of metal-laden solutions produced by the oxidative dissolution of iron sulfide minerals exposed to air, moisture, and acidophilic microbes during the mining of coal and metal deposits. The pH of AMD is usually in the range of 2–6, but mine-impacted waters at circumneutral pH (5–8) are also common. Mine drainage usually contains elevated concentrations of sulfate, iron, aluminum, and other potentially toxic metals leached from rock that hydrolyze and coprecipitate to form rust-colored encrustations or sediments. When AMD is discharged into surface waters or groundwaters, degradation of water quality, injury to aquatic life, and corrosion or encrustation of engineered structures can occur for substantial distances. Prevention and remediation strategies should consider the biogeochemical complexity of the system, the longevity of AMD pollution, the predictive power of geochemical modeling, and the full range of available field technologies for problem mitigation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Third Edition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group","doi":"10.1081/E-ESS3-120053867","usgsCitation":"Bigham, J.M., and Cravotta, C., 2016, Acid mine drainage, chap. of Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Third Edition, p. 6-10, https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ESS3-120053867.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-065457","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41be4b0849ce97dc74a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bigham, Jerry M.","contributorId":184052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bigham","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":178696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A. ","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182244,"text":"70182244 - 2016 - Experimental challenge of a peridomestic avian species, European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), with novel Influenza A H7N9 virus from China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T14:55:17","indexId":"70182244","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental challenge of a peridomestic avian species, European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), with novel Influenza A H7N9 virus from China","docAbstract":"In 2013 a novel avian influenza H7N9 virus was isolated from several critically ill patients in China, and infection with this virus has since caused more than 200 human deaths. Live poultry markets are the likely locations of virus exposure to humans. Peridomestic avian species also may play important roles in the transmission and maintenance of H7N9 at live poultry markets. We experimentally challenged wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with the novel H7N9 virus and measured virus excretion, clinical signs, and infectious dose. We found that European Starlings can be infected with this virus when inoculated with relatively high doses, and we predict that infected birds excrete sufficient amounts of virus to transmit to other birds, including domestic chickens. Infected European Starlings showed no clinical signs or mortality after infection with H7N9. This abundant peridomestic bird may be a source of the novel H7N9 virus in live poultry markets and may have roles in virus transmission to poultry and humans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2016-02-033","usgsCitation":"Hall, J.S., Ip, S., Teslaa, J.L., Nashold, S.W., and Dusek, R.J., 2016, Experimental challenge of a peridomestic avian species, European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), with novel Influenza A H7N9 virus from China: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 52, no. 3, p. 709-712, https://doi.org/10.7589/2016-02-033.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"712","ipdsId":"IP-073687","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb13de4b01ccd54f9ee20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teslaa, Joshua L. 0000-0001-7802-3454 jteslaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-3454","contributorId":5794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teslaa","given":"Joshua","email":"jteslaa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nashold, Sean W. 0000-0002-8869-6633 snashold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-6633","contributorId":3611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashold","given":"Sean","email":"snashold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":174374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193718,"text":"70193718 - 2016 - A large refined catalog of earthquake relocations and focal mechanisms for the Island of Hawai'i and its seismotectonic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:41:11","indexId":"70193718","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A large refined catalog of earthquake relocations and focal mechanisms for the Island of Hawai'i and its seismotectonic implications","docAbstract":"We present high-quality focal mechanisms based on a refined earthquake location catalog for the Island of Hawai'i, focusing on Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes. The relocation catalog is based on first-arrival times and waveform data of both compressional and shear waves for about 180,000 events on and near the Island of Hawai'i between 1986 and 2009 recorded by the seismic stations at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. We relocate all the earthquakes by applying ray tracing through an existing three-dimensional velocity model, similar event cluster analysis, and a differential-time relocation method. The resulting location catalog represents an expansion of previous relocation studies, covering a longer time period and consisting of more events with well-constrained absolute locations. The focal mechanisms are obtained based on the compressional-wave first-motion polarities and compressional-to-shear wave amplitude ratios by applying the HASH program to the waveform cross correlation relocated earthquakes. Overall, the good-quality (defined by the HASH parameters) focal solutions are dominated by normal faulting in our study area, especially in the active Ka'ōiki and Hīlea seismic zones. Kīlauea caldera is characterized by a mixture of approximately equal numbers of normal, strike-slip, and reverse faults, whereas its south flank has slightly fewer strike-slip events. Our relocation and focal mechanism results will be useful for mapping the seismic stress and strain fields and for understanding the seismic-volcanic-tectonic relationships within the magmatic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013042","usgsCitation":"Lin, G., and Okubo, P.G., 2016, A large refined catalog of earthquake relocations and focal mechanisms for the Island of Hawai'i and its seismotectonic implications: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 121, no. 7, p. 5031-5048, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013042.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5031","endPage":"5048","ipdsId":"IP-076229","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013042","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawai'i","volume":"121","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fd802ae4b0531197b50148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Guoqing","contributorId":168856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Guoqing","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170218,"text":"70170218 - 2016 - Pumice in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:25:05","indexId":"70170218","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pumice in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2016, Pumice in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074843","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778627e4b07dd077c878e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, Robert Jr. 0000-0002-8120-3760 rcrangle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-3760","contributorId":141008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rcrangle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168925,"text":"70168925 - 2016 - Planetary caves’ role in astronaut bases and the search for life","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T13:58:04","indexId":"70168925","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planetary caves’ role in astronaut bases and the search for life","docAbstract":"Planetary caves are practically everywhere. Scientists have identified more than 200 lunar and more than 2000 Martian cave-related features. They’ve also found vents and fissures associated with water ice plumes on Saturnian, Jovian, and Neptunian moons. Recently, primary vents of two possible cryovolcanoes were identified on Pluto.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2016EO047295","usgsCitation":"Wynne, J.J., Titus, T.N., and Boston, P.J., 2016, Planetary caves’ role in astronaut bases and the search for life: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 97, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1029/2016EO047295.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-070877","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2016eo047295","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002c6e4b01ccd54fb27cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynne, J. Judson","contributorId":73710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynne","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Judson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boston, Penelope J.","contributorId":127514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boston","given":"Penelope","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7026,"text":"New Mexico Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177065,"text":"70177065 - 2016 - Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T15:38:55.329211","indexId":"70177065","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"38","title":"Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault system in California is one of the best-studied faults in the world, both in terms of the long-term geologic history and paleoseismic study of past surface ruptures. In this paper, we focus on the Quaternary to historic data that have been collected from the major strands of the San Andreas fault system, both on the San Andreas Fault itself, and the major subparallel strands that comprise the plate boundary, including the Calaveras-Hayward- Rogers Creek-Maacama fault zone and the Concord-Green Valley-Bartlett Springs fault zone in northern California, and the San Jacinto and Elsinore faults in southern California. The majority of the relative motion between the Pacific and North American lithospheric plates is accommodated by these faults, with the San Andreas slipping at about 34 mm/yr in central California, decreasing to about 20 mm/yr in northern California north of its juncture with the Calaveras and Concord faults. The Calaveras-Hayward-Rogers Creek-Maacama fault zone exhibits a slip rate of 10-15 mm/yr, whereas the rate along the Concord-Green Valley-Bartlett Springs fault zone is lower at about 5 mm/yr. In southern California, the San Andreas exhibits a slip rate of about 35 mm/yr along the Mojave section, decreasing to as low as 10-15 mm/yr along its juncture with the San Jacinto fault, and about 20 mm/yr in the Coachella Valley. The San Jacinto and Elsinore fault zones exhibit rates of about 15 and 5 mm/yr, respectively. The average recurrence interval for surface-rupturing earthquakes along individual elements of the San Andreas fault system range from 100-500 years and is consistent with slip rate at those sites: higher slip rates produce more frequent or larger earthquakes. There is also evidence of short-term variations in strain release (slip rate) along various fault sections, as expressed as “flurries” or clusters of earthquakes as well as periods of relatively fewer surface ruptures in these relatively short records. This is reflected by non-periodic coefficients of variation in earthquake recurrence of 0.4 to 0.7 for the various paleoseismic sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied geology in California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Star Publishing","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, T., Scharer, K.M., and Dawson, T.E., 2016, Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system, chap. 38 of Applied geology in California, v. 26, p. 721-756.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"756","ipdsId":"IP-055460","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.appliedgeologybook.com/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -115.20263671874999,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -115.20263671874999,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5822f23ae4b0ef3123a97021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Thomas","contributorId":175454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496 kscharer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":3385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine","email":"kscharer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186043,"text":"70186043 - 2016 - Peat in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T09:54:29","indexId":"70186043","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peat in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L.E., 2016, Peat in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-075021","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac1e4b02ff32c6aea33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, Lori E. lapodaca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"Lori","email":"lapodaca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194998,"text":"70194998 - 2016 - Depredation of the California Ridgway’s rail: Causes and distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T15:30:51","indexId":"70194998","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Depredation of the California Ridgway’s rail: Causes and distribution","docAbstract":"We studied the causes of mortality for the California Ridgway’s rail at multiple tidal marshes in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California. We radio-marked 196 individual rails and examined the evidence from 152 recovered California Ridgway’s rail mortalities from our radio-marked sample and determined plausible cause of death from a wide array of evidence. We also included 10 additional California Ridgway’s rail mortalities (unmarked) that we encountered during our normal field operations. We assigned a likely cause of death to 130 of the recoveries, of which 127 were determined to be caused by predation. Of those, 103 could be divided into class of cause (avian or mammalian), and avian predators were responsible for 64% of those events. Primary predators identified include domestic or feral cats, red fox, owl, and northern harrier. We did find seasonal differences between avian and mammalian predation rates, with higher proportions of avian predation in the winter and early spring. Time of day and tide height\nwere correlated with predation events, with a greater proportion of known mortalities found during periods of high tides (over 60% marsh inundation) and during daylight hours. Predation is the primary source of mortality for California Ridgway’s rail. Management actions that try to reduce avian predation may be the most effective at improving rail survival rates, given the proportion of avian predation detected.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 27th Vertebrate Pest Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"27th Vertebrate Pest Conference","conferenceDate":"March 7-10, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Newport Beach, CA","language":"English","publisher":"University of California, Davis","usgsCitation":"Casazza, M.L., Overton, C.T., Bui, T.D., Takekawa, J.Y., Merritt, A.M., and Hull, J., 2016, Depredation of the California Ridgway’s rail: Causes and distribution, in Proceedings of the 27th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Newport Beach, CA, March 7-10, 2016, p. 226-235.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"235","ipdsId":"IP-079366","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee9d1e4b0da30c1bfc58e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bui, Thuy-Vy D. 0000-0002-0914-5439 tbui@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-5439","contributorId":4776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bui","given":"Thuy-Vy","email":"tbui@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":196611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, Angela M. 0000-0002-8512-2423 amerritt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-2423","contributorId":201578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Angela","email":"amerritt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hull, J.M.","contributorId":201579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hull","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36209,"text":"U.S. FWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176032,"text":"70176032 - 2016 - Acoustic surveys of Hawaiian Hoary Bats in Kahikinui Forest Reserve and Nakula Natural Area Reserve on the Island of Maui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T20:18:07","indexId":"70176032","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":257,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-078","title":"Acoustic surveys of Hawaiian Hoary Bats in Kahikinui Forest Reserve and Nakula Natural Area Reserve on the Island of Maui","docAbstract":"The Kahikinui Forest Reserve and the adjoining Nakula Natural Area Reserve (KFR-NNAR) was established in 2011 as a conservation area on the leeward slope of Haleakalā Volcano on the island of Maui to protect unique natural features and endangered species including the Hawaiian hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus semotus. We recorded bat vocalizations from July 2012 to November 2014 using automated echolocation detectors at 14 point locations in the KFRNNAR. Our study area included remnants of recovering mesic montane forest with interspersed grasses (1,250‒1,850 m elevation, hereafter called “forest”) and xeric subalpine shrubland plant communities (1,860‒2,800 m, hereafter called “shrubland”). Monthly detections of Hawaiian hoary bats, Lasiurus cinereus semotus, within the KFR-NNAR identified areas of high and low detection probability as well as foraging activity. Sixty per cent of all detector-nights had confirmed bat vocalizations and included detections in every month of the study. Monthly detection probability values were highest from July to November 2012; these values were significantly greater than values measured in any month thereafter. Pooled values of detection probabilities, mean pulses/night, percentage of nights with feeding activity, and acoustic detections all were greater in the recovering forest zone than corresponding values from the shrublands. Our data provide baseline levels of hoary bat echolocation activity that may be compared with future studies in the KFR-NNAR relative to success criteria for Hawaiian hoary bat habitat restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","usgsCitation":"Todd, C.M., Pinzari, C., and Bonaccorso, F., 2016, Acoustic surveys of Hawaiian Hoary Bats in Kahikinui Forest Reserve and Nakula Natural Area Reserve on the Island of Maui (78): Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report HCSU-078, 23 p. .","productDescription":"23 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-077250","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327760,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dspace.lib.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10790/2761/6/Bonaccorso_Kahikinui71116.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Maui, Haleakalā Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.3189697265625,\n 20.634069450427823\n ],\n [\n -156.3189697265625,\n 20.73813455404505\n ],\n [\n -156.15142822265625,\n 20.73813455404505\n ],\n [\n -156.15142822265625,\n 20.634069450427823\n ],\n [\n -156.3189697265625,\n 20.634069450427823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585268e0e4b0e2663625ec82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Christopher M.","contributorId":64548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pinzari, Corinna A.","contributorId":57359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinzari","given":"Corinna A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonaccorso, Frank 0000-0002-5490-3083 fbonaccorso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5490-3083","contributorId":143709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonaccorso","given":"Frank","email":"fbonaccorso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170864,"text":"70170864 - 2016 - Gemstones in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:20:46","indexId":"70170864","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gemstones in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D.W., 2016, Gemstones in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075611","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778620e4b07dd077c878b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Donald W. dolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Donald","email":"dolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170895,"text":"70170895 - 2016 - Industrial Garnet in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:22:49","indexId":"70170895","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial Garnet in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D.W., 2016, Industrial Garnet in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075797","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778623e4b07dd077c878c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Donald W. dolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Donald","email":"dolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170223,"text":"70170223 - 2016 - Mining Review in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:27:13","indexId":"70170223","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mining Review in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Ober, J.A., 2016, Mining Review in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074749","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778625e4b07dd077c878da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, Joyce A. 0000-0003-1608-5611 jober@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5611","contributorId":394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"Joyce","email":"jober@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184454,"text":"70184454 - 2016 - Reply to “Comment on ‘Ground motions from the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake constrained by a detailed assessment of macroseismic data’ by Stacey S. Martin, Susan E. Hough, and Charleen Hung” by Andrea Tertulliani, Laura Graziani, Corrado Castellano, Alessandra Maramai, and Antonio Rossi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:20:10","indexId":"70184454","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to “Comment on ‘Ground motions from the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake constrained by a detailed assessment of macroseismic data’ by Stacey S. Martin, Susan E. Hough, and Charleen Hung” by Andrea Tertulliani, Laura Graziani, Corrado Castellano, Alessandra Maramai, and Antonio Rossi","docAbstract":"We thank Andrea Tertulliani and his colleagues for their interest in our article on the 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Martin, Hough, et al., 2015), and for their comments pertaining to our study (Tertulliani et al., 2016). Indeed, as they note, a comprehensive assessment of macroseismic effects for an earthquake with far‐reaching effects as that of Gorkha is not only critically important but is also an extremely difficult undertaking. In the absence of a widely known web‐based system, employing a well‐calibrated algorithm with which to collect and systematically assess macroseismic information (e.g., Wald et al., 1999; Coppola et al., 2010; Bossu et al., 2015) in the Indian subcontinent, one is left with two approaches to characterize effects of an event such as the Gorkha earthquake: a comprehensive ground‐based survey such as the one undertaken in India following the 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Pande and Kayal, 2003), or an assessment such as Martin, Hough, et al. (2015) akin to other contemporary studies (e.g., Nuttli, 1973; Sieh, 1978; Meltzner and Wald, 1998; Martin and Szeliga, 2010; Ambraseys and Bilham, 2012; Mahajan et al., 2012; Gupta et al., 2013; Singh et al., 2013; Hough and Martin, 2015; Martin and Hough, 2015; Martin, Bradley, et al., 2015; Ribeiro et al., 2015), based primarily upon media reports and other available documentary accounts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220160061","usgsCitation":"Martin, S.S., and Hough, S.E., 2016, Reply to “Comment on ‘Ground motions from the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake constrained by a detailed assessment of macroseismic data’ by Stacey S. Martin, Susan E. Hough, and Charleen Hung” by Andrea Tertulliani, Laura Graziani, Corrado Castellano, Alessandra Maramai, and Antonio Rossi: Seismological Research Letters, v. 87, no. 4, p. 957-962, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160061.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"962","ipdsId":"IP-074139","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dbe4b014cc3a3e76cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Stacey S.","contributorId":187758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170869,"text":"70170869 - 2016 - Potash in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:23:47","indexId":"70170869","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potash in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Jasinski, S.M., 2016, Potash in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075691","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778626e4b07dd077c878e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jasinski, Stephen M. sjasinsk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jasinski","given":"Stephen","email":"sjasinsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170863,"text":"70170863 - 2016 - Industrial Diamond in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:21:45","indexId":"70170863","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial Diamond in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D.W., 2016, Industrial Diamond in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075609","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778622e4b07dd077c878c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Donald W. dolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Donald","email":"dolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174036,"text":"70174036 - 2016 - Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T11:41:15","indexId":"70174036","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides and engineered slopes. Experience, theory and practice Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Symposium on Landslides","conferenceDate":"June 12-19, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Napoli, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Associazione Geotecnica Italiana","publisherLocation":"Rome, Italy","doi":"10.1201/b21520-176","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., Smith, J.B., Godt, J.W., Baum, R., and Coe, J.A., 2016, Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA, in Landslides and engineered slopes. Experience, theory and practice Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides, Napoli, Italy, June 12-19, 2016, p. 1431-1439, https://doi.org/10.1201/b21520-176.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1431","endPage":"1439","ipdsId":"IP-072370","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bafe4b0571647d0f944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180261,"text":"70180261 - 2016 - Bayesian nitrate source apportionment to individual groundwater wells in the Central Valley by use of elemental and isotopic tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:34:01","indexId":"70180261","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian nitrate source apportionment to individual groundwater wells in the Central Valley by use of elemental and isotopic tracers","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality is a concern in alluvial aquifers that underlie agricultural areas, such as in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Shallow domestic wells (less than 150 m deep) in agricultural areas are often contaminated by nitrate. Agricultural and rural nitrate sources include dairy manure, synthetic fertilizers, and septic waste. Knowledge of the relative proportion that each of these sources contributes to nitrate concentration in individual wells can aid future regulatory and land management decisions. We show that nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate, boron isotopes, and iodine concentrations are a useful, novel combination of groundwater tracers to differentiate between manure, fertilizers, septic waste, and natural sources of nitrate. Furthermore, in this work, we develop a new Bayesian mixing model in which these isotopic and elemental tracers were used to estimate the probability distribution of the fractional contributions of manure, fertilizers, septic waste, and natural sources to the nitrate concentration found in an individual well. The approach was applied to 56 nitrate-impacted private domestic wells located in the San Joaquin Valley. Model analysis found that some domestic wells were clearly dominated by the manure source and suggests evidence for majority contributions from either the septic or fertilizer source for other wells. But, predictions of fractional contributions for septic and fertilizer sources were often of similar magnitude, perhaps because modeled uncertainty about the fraction of each was large. For validation of the Bayesian model, fractional estimates were compared to surrounding land use and estimated source contributions were broadly consistent with nearby land use types.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR018523","usgsCitation":"Ransom, K.M., Grote, M.N., Deinhart, A., Eppich, G., Kendall, C., Sanborn, M.E., Sounders, A.K., Wimpenny, J., Yin, Q., Young, M.B., and Harter, T., 2016, Bayesian nitrate source apportionment to individual groundwater wells in the Central Valley by use of elemental and isotopic tracers: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 7, p. 5577-5597, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018523.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"5577","endPage":"5597","ipdsId":"IP-076967","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018523","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -121.39892578125,\n 37.57070524233116\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 35.63051198300061\n ],\n [\n -118.6907958984375,\n 35.652832827451654\n ],\n [\n -119.08630371093749,\n 36.319551259461186\n ],\n [\n -119.55322265624999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 38.03078569382294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1977e4b0ad67323f97e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Katherine M","contributorId":178789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ransom","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grote, Mark N.","contributorId":178790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grote","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deinhart, Amanda","contributorId":178791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deinhart","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eppich, Gary","contributorId":178796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eppich","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanborn, Matthew E.","contributorId":178792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanborn","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sounders, A. Kate 0000-0002-1367-8924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-8924","contributorId":178793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sounders","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kate","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wimpenny, Joshua","contributorId":178794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimpenny","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yin, Qing-zhu","contributorId":178795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"Qing-zhu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Young, Megan B. 0000-0002-0229-4108 mbyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-4108","contributorId":3315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Megan","email":"mbyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Harter, Thomas","contributorId":178245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harter","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70184220,"text":"70184220 - 2016 - A resilience approach can improve anadromous fish restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:38:30","indexId":"70184220","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A resilience approach can improve anadromous fish restoration","docAbstract":"Most anadromous fish populations remain at low levels or are in decline despite substantial investments in restoration. We explore whether a resilience perspective (i.e., a different paradigm for understanding populations, communities, and ecosystems) is a viable alternative framework for anadromous fish restoration. Many life history traits have allowed anadromous fish to thrive in unimpacted ecosystems but have become contemporary curses as anthropogenic effects increase. This contradiction creates a significant conservation challenge but also makes these fish excellent candidates for a resilience approach. A resilience approach recognizes the need to maintain life history, population, and habitat characteristics that increase the ability of a population to withstand and recover from multiple disturbances. To evaluate whether a resilience approach represents a viable strategy for anadromous fish restoration, we review four issues: (1) how resilience theory can inform anadromous fish restoration, (2) how a resilience-based approach is fundamentally different than extant anadromous fish restoration strategies, (3) ecological characteristics that historically benefited anadromous fish persistence, and (4) examples of how human impacts harm anadromous fish and how a resilience approach might produce more successful outcomes. We close by suggesting new research and restoration directions for implementation of a resilience-based approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2015.1134501","usgsCitation":"Waldman, J.R., Wilson, K.A., Mather, M.E., and Snyder, N., 2016, A resilience approach can improve anadromous fish restoration: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 3, p. 116-126, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2015.1134501.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-056024","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8338e4b014cc3a3a99df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldman, John R.","contributorId":46905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Karen A.","contributorId":187540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Noah P.","contributorId":43848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Noah P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184431,"text":"70184431 - 2016 - Tracking the timing of subduction and exhumation using 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages in blueschist- and eclogite-facies rocks (Sivrihisar, Turkey)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:51:21","indexId":"70184431","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking the timing of subduction and exhumation using 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages in blueschist- and eclogite-facies rocks (Sivrihisar, Turkey)","docAbstract":"Geochronologic studies of high-pressure/low-temperature rocks can be used to determine the timing and rates of burial and exhumation in subduction zones by dating different stages of the pressure–temperature history. In this study, we present new in situ UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages from a suite of lawsonite blueschist- and eclogite-facies rocks representing different protoliths (metabasalt, metasediment), different structural levels (within and outside of a high-strain zone), and different textural positions (eclogite pod core vs. margin) to understand the timing of these events in an exhumed Neo-Tethyan subduction zone (Sivrihisar Massif, Tavşanlı Zone, Turkey). Weighted mean in situ 40Ar/39Ar ages of phengite from the cores of lawsonite eclogite pods (90–93 Ma) are distinctly older than phengite from retrogressed, epidote eclogite (82 ± 2 Ma). These ages are interpreted as the age of peak and retrograde metamorphism, respectively. Eclogite records the narrowest range of ages (10–14 m.y.) of any rock type analyzed. Transitional eclogite- and blueschist-facies assemblages and glaucophane-rimmed lawsonite + garnet + phengite veins from eclogite pod margins record a much wider age range of 40Ar/39Ar ages (~20 m.y.) with weighted mean ages of ~91 Ma. Blueschists and quartzites record more variable 40Ar/39Ar ages that may in part be related to structural position: samples within a high-strain zone at the tectonic contact of the HP rocks with a meta-ultramafic unit have in situ UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages of 84.0 ± 1.3–103.7 ± 3.1 Ma, whereas samples outside this zone range to older ages (84.6 ± 2.4–116.7 ± 2.7 Ma) and record a greater age range (22–38 m.y.). The phengite ages can be correlated with the preservation of HP mineral assemblages and fabrics as well as the effects of deformation. Collectively, these results show that high-spatial resolution UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar phengite data, when considered in a petrologic and structural context, may document prograde (burial) and retrograde (exhumation) stages of subduction metamorphism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-016-1268-2","usgsCitation":"Fornash, K.F., Cosca, M.A., and Whitney, D.L., 2016, Tracking the timing of subduction and exhumation using 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages in blueschist- and eclogite-facies rocks (Sivrihisar, Turkey): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 171, p. 1-37, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-016-1268-2.","productDescription":"Article 67; 37 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-064152","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Turkey","volume":"171","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dce4b014cc3a3e76d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fornash, Katherine F.","contributorId":187714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fornash","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitney, Donna L.","contributorId":187715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitney","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184453,"text":"70184453 - 2016 - Design and testing of a mesocosm-scale habitat for culturing the endangered Devils Hole Pupfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:24:19","indexId":"70184453","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design and testing of a mesocosm-scale habitat for culturing the endangered Devils Hole Pupfish","docAbstract":"aptive propagation of desert spring fishes, whether for conservation or research, is often difficult, given the unique and often challenging environments these fish utilize in nature. High temperatures, low dissolved oxygen, minimal water flow, and highly variable lighting are some conditions a researcher might need to recreate to simulate their natural environments. Here we describe a mesocosm-scale habitat created to maintain hybrid Devils Hole × Ash Meadows Amargosa Pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis × C. nevadensis mionectes) under conditions similar to those found in Devils Hole, Nevada. This 13,000-L system utilized flow control and natural processes to maintain these conditions rather than utilizing complex and expensive automation. We designed a rotating solar collector to control natural sunlight, a biological reactor to consume oxygen while buffering water quality, and a reverse-daylight photosynthesis sump system to stabilize nighttime pH and swings in dissolved oxygen levels. This system successfully controlled many desired parameters and helped inform development of a larger, more permanent desert fish conservation facility at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. For others who need to raise fish from unique habitats, many components of the scalable and modular design of this system can be adapted at reasonable cost.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15222055.2016.1159626","usgsCitation":"Feuerbacher, O., Bonar, S.A., and Barrett, P.J., 2016, Design and testing of a mesocosm-scale habitat for culturing the endangered Devils Hole Pupfish: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 78, no. 3, p. 259-269, https://doi.org/10.1080/15222055.2016.1159626.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"269","ipdsId":"IP-076020","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dbe4b014cc3a3e76cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feuerbacher, Olin","contributorId":187760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feuerbacher","given":"Olin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrett, Paul J.","contributorId":187761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184348,"text":"70184348 - 2016 - Structure of high latitude currents in global magnetospheric-ionospheric models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T09:25:52","indexId":"70184348","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of high latitude currents in global magnetospheric-ionospheric models","docAbstract":"Using three resolutions of the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry global magnetosphere-ionosphere model (LFM) and the Weimer 2005 empirical model we examine the structure of the high latitude field-aligned current patterns. Each resolution was run for the entire Whole Heliosphere Interval which contained two high speed solar wind streams and modest interplanetary magnetic field strengths. Average states of the field-aligned current (FAC) patterns for 8 interplanetary magnetic field clock angle directions are computed using data from these runs. Generally speaking the patterns obtained agree well with results obtained from the Weimer 2005 computing using the solar wind and IMF conditions that correspond to each bin. As the simulation resolution increases the currents become more intense and narrow. A machine learning analysis of the FAC patterns shows that the ratio of Region 1 (R1) to Region 2 (R2) currents decreases as the simulation resolution increases. This brings the simulation results into better agreement with observational predictions and the Weimer 2005 model results. The increase in R2 current strengths also results in the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) pattern being concentrated in higher latitudes. Current-voltage relationships between the R1 and CPCP are quite similar at the higher resolution indicating the simulation is converging on a common solution. We conclude that LFM simulations are capable of reproducing the statistical features of FAC patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11214-016-0271-2","usgsCitation":"Wiltberger, M., Rigler, E.J., Merkin, V., and Lyon, J.G., 2016, Structure of high latitude currents in global magnetospheric-ionospheric models: Space Science Reviews, v. 206, no. 1, p. 575-598, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0271-2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"598","ipdsId":"IP-077646","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"206","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f5e4b014cc3a3ba4c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiltberger, M","contributorId":187628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiltberger","given":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rigler, E. J.","contributorId":187639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rigler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merkin, V","contributorId":187629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merkin","given":"V","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyon, J. G","contributorId":187630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184452,"text":"70184452 - 2016 - Comparison of methods to monitor the distribution and impacts of unauthorized travel routes in a border park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:27:50","indexId":"70184452","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods to monitor the distribution and impacts of unauthorized travel routes in a border park","docAbstract":"The distribution and abundance of human-caused disturbances vary greatly through space and time and are cause for concern among land stewards in natural areas of the southwestern border-lands between the USA and Mexico. Human migration and border protection along the international boundary create Unauthorized Trail and Road (UTR) networks across National Park Service lands and other natural areas. UTRs may cause soil erosion and compaction, damage to vegetation and cultural resources, and may stress wildlife or impede their movements. We quantify the density and severity of UTR disturbances in relation to soils, and compare the use of previously established targeted trail assessments (hereafter — targeted assessments) against randomly placed transects to detect trail densities at Coronado National Memorial in Arizona in 2011. While trail distributions were similar between methods, targeted assessments estimated a large portion of the park to have the lowest density category (0–5 trail encounters per/km2), whereas the random transects in 2011 estimated more of the park as having the higher density categories (e.g., 15–20 encounters per km2category). Soil vulnerability categories that were assigned, a priori, based on published soil texture and composition did not accurately predict the impact of UTRs on soil, indicating that empirical methods may be better suited for identifying severity of compaction. While the estimates of UTR encounter frequencies were greater using the random transects than the targeted assessments for a relatively short period of time, it is difficult to determine whether this difference is dependent on greater cross-border activity, differences in technique, or from confounding environmental factors. Future surveys using standardized sampling techniques would increase accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/043.036.0305","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Inman, R.D., Nussear, K.E., Webb, R., Girard, M., and DeGayner, J., 2016, Comparison of methods to monitor the distribution and impacts of unauthorized travel routes in a border park: Natural Areas Journal, v. 36, no. 3, p. 248-258, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.036.0305.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"258","ipdsId":"IP-041641","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Cochise County","otherGeospatial":"Coronado National Memorial","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.29037475585936,\n 31.333551415222512\n ],\n [\n -110.22308349609375,\n 31.333551415222512\n ],\n [\n -110.22308349609375,\n 31.36829520164191\n ],\n [\n -110.29037475585936,\n 31.36829520164191\n ],\n [\n -110.29037475585936,\n 31.333551415222512\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dbe4b014cc3a3e76d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, Todd C. 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":168763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inman, Richard D. 0000-0002-1982-7791 rdinman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-7791","contributorId":187754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard","email":"rdinman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, Robert rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":187755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":681584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Girard, M.M.","contributorId":187757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Girard","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeGayner, J.","contributorId":187756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeGayner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184432,"text":"70184432 - 2016 - Anticipated water quality changes in response to climate change and potential consequences for inland fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:35:33","indexId":"70184432","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anticipated water quality changes in response to climate change and potential consequences for inland fishes","docAbstract":"Healthy freshwater ecosystems are a critical component of the world's economy, with a critical role in maintaining public health, inland biological diversity, and overall quality of life. Globally, our climate is changing, with air temperature and precipitation regimes deviating significantly from historical patterns. Healthy freshwater ecosystems are a critical component of the world's economy, with a critical role in maintaining public health, inland biological diversity, and overall quality of life. Globally, our climate is changing, with air temperature and precipitation regimes deviating significantly from historical patterns. Changes anticipated with climate change in the future are likely to have a profound effect on inland aquatic ecosystems through diverse pathways, including changes in water quality. In this brief article, we present an initial discussion of several of the water quality responses that can be anticipated to occur within inland water bodies with climate change and how those changes are likely to impact fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2016.1182509","usgsCitation":"Chen, Y., Todd, A.S., Murphy, M.H., and Lomnicky, G., 2016, Anticipated water quality changes in response to climate change and potential consequences for inland fishes: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 7, p. 413-416, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2016.1182509.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"416","ipdsId":"IP-072548","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dce4b014cc3a3e76d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Yushun","contributorId":146569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yushun","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Andrew S. atodd@usgs.gov","contributorId":1022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew","email":"atodd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Margaret H.","contributorId":187717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lomnicky, Gregg","contributorId":187718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lomnicky","given":"Gregg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}