{"pageNumber":"1101","pageRowStart":"27500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40845,"records":[{"id":47394,"text":"b2197 - 2003 - Velocity ratio and its application to predicting velocities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:40","indexId":"b2197","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2197","title":"Velocity ratio and its application to predicting velocities","docAbstract":"The velocity ratio of water-saturated sediment derived from the Biot-Gassmann theory depends mainly on the Biot coefficient?a property of dry rock?for consolidated sediments\r\nwith porosity less than the critical porosity. With this theory, the shear moduli of dry sediments are the same as the shear moduli of water-saturated sediments. Because the velocity ratio depends on the Biot coefficient explicitly, Biot-Gassmann theory accurately predicts velocity ratios with respect to differential pressure for a given porosity. However, because the velocity ratio is weakly related to porosity, it is not appropriate to investigate the velocity ratio with respect to porosity (f).\r\nA new formulation based on the assumption that the velocity ratio is a function of (1?f)n yields a velocity ratio that depends on porosity, but not on the Biot coefficient explicitly. Unlike the Biot-Gassmann theory, the shear moduli of water-saturated sediments depend not only on the Biot coefficient but also on the pore fluid. This nonclassical behavior of the shear modulus of water-saturated sediment is speculated to be an effect of interaction between fluid and the solid matrix, resulting in softening or hardening of the rock frame and an effect of velocity dispersion owing to local fluid flow. The exponent n controls the degree of softening/hardening of the formation. Based on laboratory data measured near 1 MHz, this theory is extended to include the effect of differential pressure\r\non the velocity ratio by making n a function of differential pressure and consolidation. However, the velocity dispersion and anisotropy are not included in the formulation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2197","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2003, Velocity ratio and its application to predicting velocities (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2197, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2197.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3974,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6022dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50867,"text":"ofr0317 - 2003 - Preliminary soil-slip susceptibility maps, southwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:17:41.159722","indexId":"ofr0317","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-17","title":"Preliminary soil-slip susceptibility maps, southwestern California","docAbstract":"<p>This group of maps shows relative susceptibility of hill slopes to the initiation sites of rainfall-triggered soil slip-debris flows in southwestern California. As such, the maps offer a partial answer to one part of the three parts necessary to predict the soil-slip/debris-flow process. A complete prediction of the process would include assessments of “where”, “when”, and “how big”. These maps empirically show part of the “where” of prediction (i.e., relative susceptibility to sites of initiation of the soil slips) but do not attempt to show the extent of run out of the resultant debris flows. Some information pertinent to “when” the process might begin is developed. “When” is determined mostly by dynamic factors such as rainfall rate and duration, for which local variations are not amenable to long-term prediction. “When” information is not provided on the maps but is described later in this narrative. The prediction of “how big” is addressed indirectly by restricting the maps to a single type of landslide process—soil slip-debris flows.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The susceptibility maps were created through an iterative process from two kinds of information. First, locations of sites of past soil slips were obtained from inventory maps of past events. Aerial photographs, taken during six rainy seasons that produced abundant soil slips, were used as the basis for soil slip-debris flow inventory. Second, digital elevation models (DEM) of the areas that were inventoried were used to analyze the spatial characteristics of soil slip locations. These data were supplemented by observations made on the ground. Certain physical attributes of the locations of the soil-slip debris flows were found to be important and others were not. The most important attribute was the mapped bedrock formation at the site of initiation of the soil slip. However, because the soil slips occur in surficial materials overlying the bedrocks units, the bedrock formation can only serve as a surrogate for the susceptibility of the overlying surficial materials.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The maps of susceptibility were created from those physical attributes learned to be important from the inventories. The multiple inventories allow a model to be created from one set of inventory data and evaluated with others. The resultant maps of relative susceptibility represent the best estimate generated from available inventory and DEM data.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Slope and aspect values used in the susceptibility analysis were 10-meter DEM cells at a scale of 1:24,000. For most of the area 10-meter DEMs were available; for those quadrangles that have only 30-meter DEMs, the 30-meter DEMS were resampled to 10-meters to maintain resolution of 10-meter cells. Geologic unit values used in the susceptibility analysis were five-meter cells. For convenience, the soil slip susceptibility values are assembled on 1:100,000-scale bases. Any area of the 1:100,000-scale maps can be transferred to 1:24,000-scale base without any loss of accuracy. Figure 32 is an example of part of a 1:100,000-scale susceptibility map transferred back to a 1:24,000-scale quadrangle.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0317","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., Alvarez, R.M., Campbell, R., Bovard, K.R., Brown, D.T., Corriea, K.M., and Lesser, J.N., 2003, Preliminary soil-slip susceptibility maps, southwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-17, Report: 14 p.; 7 Plates: 41.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0317.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 7 Plates: 41.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"46","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0317.jpg"},{"id":4636,"rank":12,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110376,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54144.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54144"},{"id":285239,"rank":11,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/README.doc"},{"id":285250,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285249,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285248,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285247,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285246,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285245,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285244,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285240,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/sus_met.txt"},{"id":285238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/of03-17.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.0,32.5 ], [ -121.0,35.5 ], [ -115.0,35.5 ], [ -115.0,32.5 ], [ -121.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c0ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, Rachel M.","contributorId":74451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Russell H.","contributorId":91074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Russell H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bovard, Kelly R.","contributorId":49009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovard","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, D. T.","contributorId":34196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Corriea, K. M.","contributorId":81981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corriea","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lesser, J. N.","contributorId":102563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesser","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":69624,"text":"i2763 - 2003 - Geologic map of MTM -45252 and-45257 quadrangles, Reull Vallis region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:15:28","indexId":"i2763","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2763","title":"Geologic map of MTM -45252 and-45257 quadrangles, Reull Vallis region of Mars","docAbstract":"Mars Transverse Mercator (MTM) quadrangles -45252 and -45257 (latitude 42.5&deg; S. to 47.5&deg;S., longitude 250&deg; W. to 260&deg; W.) cover a portion of the highlands of Promethei Terra east of Hellas basin. The map area consists of heavily cratered ancient highland materials having moderate to high relief, isolated knobs and massifs of rugged mountainous material, and extensive tracts of smooth and channeled plains. Part of the ~1,500-km-long Reull Vallis outflow system is within the map area. The area also contains surficial deposits, such as the prominent large debris aprons that commonly surround highland massifs. Regional slopes are to the west, toward the Hellas basin, as indicated by topographic maps of Mars. Approximately 60 percent of the surface of Mars is covered by rugged, heavily cratered terrains believed to represent the effects of heavy bombardment in the inner solar system about 4.0 billion years ago. Much of this terrain, including that within the map area, records a long history of modification by tectonism, fluvial processes, mass wasting, and eolian activity. The presence of fluvial features to the east of Hellas basin, including Reull Vallis and other smaller channels, has significant implications for past environmental conditions. The degraded terrains surrounding Hellas basin provide constraints on the role and timing of volatile-driven activity in the evolution of the highlands. Current photogeologic mapping at 1:500,000 scale (see also Mest and Crown, 2002) from analysis of Viking Orbiter images complements previous geomorphic studies of Reull Vallis and other highland outflow systems, drainage networks, and highland debris aprons, as well as regional geologic mapping studies and geologic mapping of Hellas basin as a whole at 1:5,000,000 scale. Viking Orbiter image coverage of the map area generally ranges from 160 to 220 m/pixel; the central part of the map area is covered by higher resolution images of about 47 m/pixel. Crater size-frequency distributions have been compiled to constrain the relative ages of geologic units and determine the timing and duration of inferred geologic processes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2763","isbn":"0607992565","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Mest, S.C., and Crown, D., 2003, Geologic map of MTM -45252 and-45257 quadrangles, Reull Vallis region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2763, 1 Map: 110 x 99 cm, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2763.","productDescription":"1 Map: 110 x 99 cm","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_2763.jpg"},{"id":6260,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2763/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"Mars Transverse Mercator","otherGeospatial":"Hellas Basin;Promethei Terra;Reull Vallis;Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mest, Scott C.","contributorId":96375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mest","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crown, David A.","contributorId":102582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crown","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50580,"text":"ofr2002483 - 2003 - Map and digital database of sedimentary basins and indications of petroleum in the Central Alaska Province","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50580,"text":"ofr2002483 - 2003 - Map and digital database of sedimentary basins and indications of petroleum in the Central Alaska Province","indexId":"ofr2002483","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Map and digital database of sedimentary basins and indications of petroleum in the Central Alaska Province"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":69768,"text":"mf2428 - 2003 - Maps showing sedimentary basins, surface thermal maturity, and indications of petroleum in the Central Alaska Province","indexId":"mf2428","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Maps showing sedimentary basins, surface thermal maturity, and indications of petroleum in the Central Alaska Province"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":69768,"text":"mf2428 - 2003 - Maps showing sedimentary basins, surface thermal maturity, and indications of petroleum in the Central Alaska Province","indexId":"mf2428","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Maps showing sedimentary basins, surface thermal maturity, and indications of petroleum in the Central Alaska Province"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr2002483","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-483","title":"Map and digital database of sedimentary basins and indications of petroleum in the Central Alaska Province","docAbstract":"This database and accompanying text depict historical and modern reported \r\n\r\n      occurrences of petroleum both in wells and at the surface within the \r\n\r\n      boundaries of the Central Alaska Province. These data were compiled from \r\n\r\n      previously published and unpublished sources and were prepared for use in \r\n\r\n      the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey petroleum assessment of Central Alaska, \r\n\r\n      Yukon Flats region. Indications of petroleum are described as oil or gas \r\n\r\n      shows in wells, oil or gas seeps, or outcrops of oil shale or oil-bearing \r\n\r\n      rock and include confirmed and unconfirmed reports. The scale of the \r\n\r\n      source map limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to \r\n\r\n      1:2,500,000 or smaller. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002483","usgsCitation":"Troutman, S.M., and Stanley, R.G., 2003, Map and digital database of sedimentary basins and indications of petroleum in the Central Alaska Province: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-483, 1 map, 66 by 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002483.","productDescription":"1 map, 66 by 36 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110382,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54257.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54257"},{"id":176227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8869,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-483/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.2405,58.5998 ], [ -168.2405,68.1017 ], [ -138.8511,68.1017 ], [ -138.8511,58.5998 ], [ -168.2405,58.5998 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db6548c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Sandra M.","contributorId":46601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":40090,"text":"ofr02490 - 2003 - Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:21:04.454118","indexId":"ofr02490","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-490","title":"Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"This report graphically portrays the broadly parallel tectonic development of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada from early Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous time. It is dedicated to J.S. Diller of the U.S. Geological Survey who, during his pioneer field studies a century ago, recognized significant similarities between these two important provinces. The report is based mainly on the numerous published reports of the field and laboratory studies by various geologists and students during the last century, and to a lesser extent on my own field work which has been substantial in the Klamath Mountains but minimal in the Sierra Nevada. For brevity, required by the format of this report, little of the extensive literature pertaining to these two provinces is referenced. This report is preliminary in nature and was prepared as an aid to further study of the tectonic relations between the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada. This report consists of two sheets: Sheet 1, Map showing accreted terranes and plutons of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada, and Sheet 2, Successive accretionary episodes of the Klamath mountains and northern part of Sierra Nevada, showing related plutonic, volcanic, and metamorphic events. The map on Sheet 1 was compiled and modified from two Open-File maps (Irwin and Wooden, 1999 and 2001) which had been compiled and modified mainly from Jennings (1977), Harwood (1992), Irwin (1994), Jayko (1988), Graymer and Jones (1994), Edelman and Sharp (1989), Schweickert and others (1999), Saucedo and Wagner(1992), Saleeby and Sharp (1980), Wagner and others (1981), and various other sources. For detailed lists of the sources for the isotopic age data used in Sheets 1 and 2, see Irwin and Wooden (1999 and 2001). On Sheet 2, the accretionary episodes are shown sequentially from left to right in two tiers of figures. Episodes for the Klamath Mountains are in the upper tier; correlative episodes of the Sierra Nevada are directly below in the lower tier. The sequence shown for the Klamath Mountains is modified from Irwin and Mankinen (1998) and Irwin and Wooden (1999). The episodes are named for the accreting terranes of the Klamath Mountains, but those names may not be suitable for reference to the correlative episodes of the Sierra Nevada. In the figure for each episode, a heavy black line represents the active suture that separated oceanic crustal rocks on the left from the earlier accreted terranes on the right. Plutons are particularly useful for timing the accretionary episodes. The preaccretionary plutons, which commonly represent the roots of oceanic volcanic arcs, are shown in the accreting oceanic crustal rocks to the left of the heavy black line. The accretionary plutons consist of rock that has been subducted and remobilized as magma during the accretionary process and injected into an overlying earlier accreted terrane on the right of the heavy black line. Thus, isotopic dating of the accretionary plutons (preferably U/Pb dates measured on zircon extracted from the plutonic rock) provides a useful basis for assigning ages to the accretionary episodes. Many plutons are rootless at depth, as they tend to be truncated by the subduction zone sutures of younger accreting terranes. Volcanic deposits resulting from accretionary episodes apparently are uncommon except for those deposited on the backstop terranes. In the Klamath Mountains, the Eastern Klamath terrane, which consists of the Yreka, Trinity and Redding subterranes, was the backstop for the Central Metamorphic and younger accretionary episodes, and displays a remarkable record of sedimentation, volcanism and plutonism from Silurian-Devonian to Jurassic time. In the Sierra Nevada, the correlative backstop was the Northern Sierra terrane which shows a similar long record of volcanism in the Taylorsville, Permian, and Jurassic volcanic arc sequences. During some accretionary episodes the subducting oceanic rocks were dynamically metamorphosed to schist along the suture zone beneath the overriding accreted terranes. Examples of this in the Klamath Mountains are the Devonian Salmon and Abrams Schists of the Central Metamorphic terrane, the Triassic(?) schist of the Fort Jones terrane , and the Early Cretaceous South Fork Mountain Schist that structurally underlies Klamath Mountains terranes along much of the western edge of the province. The Fort Jones terrane and South Fork Mountains Schist were metamorphosed under blueschist-facies conditions. In the Sierra Nevada, schist that is correlative with the Central Metamorphic terrane is present in patches along the Feather River terrane (see Hacker and Peacock, 1990); the Triassic(?) Red Ant Schist is correlative with the Fort Jones terrane; but a correlative of the South Fork Mountain Schist is not present. In addition to the similarities in the sequences of accretion, plutonism, volcanism, and metamorphism, strong ties between the two provinces are also provided by paleontologic data. The Permian McCloud fusulinid fauna of the Redding subterrane also is present in the Northern Sierra terrane. Rare Tethyan fusulinids are found in Permian limestone of the Eastern Hayfork terrane of the Klamath Mountains and also in limestone blocks in the Central Belt of the Sierra Nevada. Ichthyosaur fossils have been collected from the Triassic of both the Redding subterrane and Northern Sierra terrane. Jurassic ammonites and the pelecypod Buchia concentrica occur in both the Galice Formation of the western Klamath Mountains and the Mariposa Formation of the western Sierra Nevada. Events that preceded the Central Metamorphic episode prior to Silurian-Devonian time are not clearly understood and are not shown in the succession of diagrams on Sheet 2. The oldest rocks of the Klamath Mountains are Neoproterozic and they predate the Central Metamorphic episode by possibly a hundred million years or more. They include ophiolitic rocks of the Trinity subterrane and the Antelope Mountain Quartzite of the Yreka subterrane (see Mankinen and others, 2002). In the Sierra Nevada, correlatives of the ancient ophiolitic rocks may be part of the Feather River terrane. Although Neoproterozoic fossils have not yet been found in the Sierra Nevada, petrologic study shows the quartzite of the Lang sequence is closely similar to the Antelope Mountain Quartzite (see Bond and Devay, 1980). Correlation of the two quartzite formations is also suggested by the similarity of their positions in the accretionary sequence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02490","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 2003, Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-490, 2 Plates: 39.10 x 38.30 inches and 39.35 x 33.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02490.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 39.10 x 38.30 inches and 39.35 x 33.80 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02490.jpg"},{"id":285188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/of02-490_s2.eps"},{"id":285187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/of02-490_s1.eps"},{"id":3542,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110383,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54412"},{"id":285185,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/pdf/of02-490_s1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285186,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/pdf/of02-490_s2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,34.75 ], [ -124.0,43.0 ], [ -117.0,43.0 ], [ -117.0,34.75 ], [ -124.0,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70164405,"text":"70164405 - 2003 - Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:31:42","indexId":"70164405","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-23T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\"","docAbstract":"<p>Till (1) raised concerns that several aspects of how we handled the data in our study (2) may have caused unintended bias. First, Till (1) considers the “median detectable concentrations” listed in Table 1 (2) to be misleading because “higher median concentrations than is actually the case” were suggested. We interpret this concern raised by Till (1) to be that some readers may misinterpret our median detectable concentration to be an overall median concentration. Our intention was to provide the reader with information that could not easily be determined independently. For example, by examining the frequency of detection (2), it could easily be determined that the overall median concentration was less than the reporting level for all but six compounds (those having a detection frequency of&gt;50%). Our goal for providing a median detectable concentration was to give a better sense of the concentrations when a particular compound was detected. Thus, we felt the combination of frequency of detection (how often a compound was found), median detectable concentration (median concentration when a compound was detected), and maximum concentration (highest concentration measured) would provide the greatest benefit to the readers. In future reports, we will modify the table headings to ensure that overall median concentration and median detectable concentration are clearly differentiated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es0202356","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., Zaugg, S.D., Barber, L.B., and Buxton, H.T., 2003, Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\": Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 5, p. 1054-1054, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0202356.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1054","endPage":"1054","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b33323e4b0cc79997f3448","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":597161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70207708,"text":"70207708 - 2003 - Antarctic Climate Evolution (ACE) Research Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T16:14:29.602901","indexId":"70207708","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-07T12:11:35","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3530,"text":"Terra Antarctica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antarctic Climate Evolution (ACE) Research Initiative","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Antarctic Climate Evolution (ACE) project is a new international research initiative to study the climate and glacial history of Antarctica by linking climate and ice sheet modeling studies with geophysical surveys and geological studies on and around the Antarctic continent (Fig. 1). The rationale for the ACE programme, outlined herein, was developed and refined, before, during and after the Antarctic Earth Science Symposium in Erice, Italy, in September 2001 (Cooper et al., 2002, Florindo et al., 2003).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Terra Antartica Publication","usgsCitation":"Florindo, F., Dunbar, R.B., Siegert, M., DeConto, R., Barrett, P.J., Cooper, A.K., Escutia, C., Janecek, T., Larter, R., Naish, T., and Powell, R., 2003, Antarctic Climate Evolution (ACE) Research Initiative: Terra Antarctica, v. 9, p. 127-132.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Florindo, F.","contributorId":49205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florindo","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunbar, R. B.","contributorId":192914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunbar","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siegert, M","contributorId":220263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegert","given":"M","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeConto, R.","contributorId":91711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeConto","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrett, P. J.","contributorId":96347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Escutia, C.","contributorId":88514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escutia","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Janecek, T.R.","contributorId":221601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janecek","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Larter, R.D.","contributorId":8765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larter","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Naish, T.R.","contributorId":9168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naish","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Powell, R.D.","contributorId":74015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70207683,"text":"70207683 - 2003 - Introduction to ‘Antarctic Cenozoic palaeoenvironments: Geologic record and models’","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T20:30:15.401169","indexId":"70207683","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-06T11:45:30","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to ‘Antarctic Cenozoic palaeoenvironments: Geologic record and models’","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00405-X","usgsCitation":"Florindo, F., Cooper, A.K., and O’Brien, P.E., 2003, Introduction to ‘Antarctic Cenozoic palaeoenvironments: Geologic record and models’: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 198, no. 1-2, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00405-X.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctic","volume":"198","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Florindo, F.","contributorId":49205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florindo","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, P. E.","contributorId":91271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074415,"text":"70074415 - 2003 - Chasing lava: a geologist's adventures at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T14:36:32","indexId":"70074415","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Chasing lava: a geologist's adventures at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"A lively account of the three years (1969-1972) spent by geologist Wendell Duffield working at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory at Kilauea, one of the world's more active volcanoes. Abundantly illustrated in b&w and color, with line drawings and maps, as well. Volcanologists and general readers alike will enjoy author Wendell Duffield's report from Kilauea--home of Pele, the goddess of fire and volcanoes. Duffield's narrative encompasses everything from the scientific (his discovery that the movements of cooled lava on a lava lake mimic the movements of the earth's crust, providing an accessible model for understanding plate tectonics) to the humorous (his dog's discovery of a snake on the supposedly snake-free island) to the life-threatening (a colleague's plunge into molten lava). This charming account of living and working at Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, is sure to be a delight.","language":"English","publisher":"Mountain Press Publishing","publisherLocation":"Missoula, MT","isbn":"0878424628","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., 2003, Chasing lava: a geologist's adventures at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 171 p.","productDescription":"171 p.","numberOfPages":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.422598,22.196185 ], [ -159.422598,22.22117 ], [ -159.392682,22.22117 ], [ -159.392682,22.196185 ], [ -159.422598,22.196185 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd50cae4b0b290850f38c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, Wendell A.","contributorId":14363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70074403,"text":"70074403 - 2003 - Interseasonal covariability of Sierra Nevada streamflow and San Francisco Bay salinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T13:28:58","indexId":"70074403","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T14:13:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interseasonal covariability of Sierra Nevada streamflow and San Francisco Bay salinity","docAbstract":"<p>The ecosystems of the San Francisco Bay estuary are influenced by the salinity of its waters, which in turn depends on flushing by freshwater inflows from the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada. Estimates of full-natural flows in eight major rivers that flush the Bay are analyzed here by extended empirical-orthogonal-function analyses to characterize distinct &lsquo;modes&rsquo; of seasonal flow and runoff variability. These modes provide a clear identification of the seasons in which the various rivers respond to hydroclimatic forcings and the seasons during which the rivers most strongly affect San Francisco Bay salinities. About 60 percent of the runoff variability is shared by the rivers over the course of a year but season-to-season differences among the rivers are more subtly distributed. Autumn and winter streamflows respond directly to concurrent (autumn and winter) precipitation and temperatures. Autumn and winter salinities are dominated by these flows, which in each season reflect mostly variations in flows from the central Sierra Nevada and the large Sacramento River. In contrast, spring runoff-rate and streamflow modes are functions of precipitation and temperature during the entire wet (winter and spring) season and are dominated by rivers of the central and southern Sierra Nevada. In turn, the critical spring salinities depend most on the streamflow fluctuations in those central and southern rivers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00078-7","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M., and Cayan, D.R., 2003, Interseasonal covariability of Sierra Nevada streamflow and San Francisco Bay salinity: Journal of Hydrology, v. 277, no. 3-4, p. 164-181, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00078-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,36.39 ], [ -124.41,41.8 ], [ -117.56,41.8 ], [ -117.56,36.39 ], [ -124.41,36.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"277","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62efe4b0b290850fe7ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":31743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70142157,"text":"70142157 - 2003 - A special issue devoted to gold deposits in northern Nevada: Part 2. Carlin-type Deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-02T11:37:04","indexId":"70142157","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A special issue devoted to gold deposits in northern Nevada: Part 2. Carlin-type Deposits","docAbstract":"<p>This is the second of two special issues of <i>Economic Geology</i> devoted to gold deposits in northern Nevada. Readers interested in a general overview of these deposits, their economic significance, their context within the tectonic evolution of the region, and synoptic references on each gold deposit type are directed to the preface of the first special issue (John et al., 2003). Volume 98, issue 2, contains five papers that address regional aspects important to the genesis of gold deposits in northern Nevada and five papers that present detailed studies of epithermal deposits and districts. All of the regional papers are pertinent to Carlin-type gold deposits, because they address the age of mineralization (Arehart et al., 2003), origin and evolutionary history of the northwest-striking mineral belts that localize many deposits (Grauch et al., 2003), nature of the middle and lower crust below these mineral belts (Howard, 2003), district- to deposit-scale stream sediment and lithogeochemical anomalies (Theodore et al., 2003), and stratigraphy and structure of a district located along a northeast-striking lineament (Peters et al., 2003).</p>\n<p>The nine papers in this second special issue focus on an array of problems pertinent to genetic and exploration models for Carlin-type deposits in northern Nevada (Fig. 1). These investigations sort out and characterize the sequence of deformational, igneous, and hydrothermal events in mining districts, constrain the age of mineralization, map paleothermal gradients, identify structures and lithologies that are preferentially mineralized, ascertain processes of ore formation, determine sources of ore fluid components, and define fluid flow paths.</p>\n<p>A common theme among these papers is inheritance, whereby older features in the mineral belts influence ore formation in subsequent Carlin-type hydrothermal systems. Three types of inheritance are inferred by one or more of these investigations: (1) structural inheritance, where older faults are reactivated during subsequent contractional and/or extensional tectonic events producing permeable fracture systems that focused flow of ore fluids; (2) alteration inheritance, where one or more preore alteration events produced reactive host rocks that are preferentially mineralized; and (3) geochemical inheritance, in which Au and other elements are recycled from older mineralization into younger Carlin-type deposits.</p>\n<p>Despite the similar age, tectonic setting, alteration types, mineral parageneses, and geochemical signatures of the deposits studied, these papers do not lead to consensus regarding genetic models for Carlin-type deposits. Rather, the separate investigations by different workers, utilizing both similar and unlike approaches, result in markedly different conclusions. Some of this disparity probably is due to real differences in the origin of different districts; however, the opposing conclusions arrived at by investigations on neighboring deposits in a single district are more problematic and most likely are due to difficulties resulting from the superposition of different types and ages of gold mineralization or to substantial variations in the hydrology and proportions of fluid components derived from deep and shallow sources in each deposit. Further work is needed to validate and understand the significance of these differences.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1063","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A.H., John, D.A., and Theodore, T., 2003, A special issue devoted to gold deposits in northern Nevada: Part 2. Carlin-type Deposits: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1063-1067, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1063.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1063","endPage":"1067","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.03662109374999,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.08056640625,\n              39.07890809706475\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              34.97600151317591\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.49951171875,\n              35.35321610123821\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              36.03133177633187\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.92822265625,\n              36.03133177633187\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.03662109374999,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597bae4b02419550d2f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":57840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209657,"text":"70209657 - 2003 - Dust emission and deposition in the southwestern United States - Integrated field, remote sensing, and modeling studies to evaluate response to climatic variability and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-17T17:47:26.168541","indexId":"70209657","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T12:30:39","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dust emission and deposition in the southwestern United States - Integrated field, remote sensing, and modeling studies to evaluate response to climatic variability and land use","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Desertification in the third millennium: Proceedings of an international conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Desertification in the Third Millennium","conferenceDate":"Feb 12-15, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Dubai","language":"English","publisher":"Swets & Zeitlinger","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Reheis, M.C., Hinkley, T.K., Tigges, R., Clow, G., Lamothe, P.J., Yount, J., Chavez, P., Mackinnon, D., Velasco, M., Sides, S., Soltesz, D., Lancaster, N., Miller, M., Fulton, R., and Belnap, J., 2003, Dust emission and deposition in the southwestern United States - Integrated field, remote sensing, and modeling studies to evaluate response to climatic variability and land use, <i>in</i> Desertification in the third millennium: Proceedings of an international conference, Dubai, Feb 12-15, 2000, p. 271-282.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Coloorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.6953125,\n              32.36140331527543\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.23828125,\n              32.36140331527543\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.23828125,\n              40.111688665595956\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6953125,\n              40.111688665595956\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6953125,\n              32.36140331527543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":138571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkley, Todd K. 0000-0001-8507-6271 thinkley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":1497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"Todd","email":"thinkley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tigges, Richard","contributorId":21606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tigges","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clow, G.","contributorId":92088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yount, J.","contributorId":25743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chavez, P. Jr.","contributorId":59559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mackinnon, D.","contributorId":63254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackinnon","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Velasco, M.","contributorId":224217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Velasco","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sides, S.","contributorId":224218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sides","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soltesz, D.","contributorId":99787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soltesz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lancaster, N.","contributorId":36330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancaster","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Miller, M.","contributorId":224219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Fulton, R.","contributorId":30447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70006886,"text":"70006886 - 2003 - Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: annual report 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:40:10","indexId":"70006886","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":398,"text":"Annual Report, USGS Alaska Science Center, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: annual report 2002","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1995, the number of sea otters in Glacier Bay proper has increased from around 5 \nto more than 1200. Sea otter distribution is mostly limited to the Lower Bay, south of \nSandy Cove, and is not continuous within that area. Concentrations occur in the vicinity \nof Sita Reef and Boulder Island and between Pt. Carolus and Rush Pt. on the west side of \nthe Bay, although there have been occasional sightings north of Sandy Cove (Figure 1). \nLarge portions of the Bay remain unoccupied by sea otters, but recolonization is \noccurring rapidly.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Most prey recovered by sea otters in Glacier Bay are ecologically, commercially, or \nsocially important species. In 2002 sea otter diet consisted of 35% clam, 26% mussel, \n3% crab, 3.0% snail, 2% starfish, 11% urchins, 2% other, and 20% unidentified. \nDominant clam species include the butter clam, <i>Saxidomus gigantea</i>, the Greenland \ncockle, <i>Serripes groenlandicus</i>, and the littleneck clam, <i>Protothaca staminea</i>. Urchins \nare primarily green urchins, <i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i>, and the mussel is \n<i>Modiolus modiolus</i>. Crabs observed in 2002 include the Dungeness, <i>Cancer magister</i>, \nthe kelp crab <i>Pugettia gracilis</i>, and the helmet crab, <i>Telmessus cherigonus</i>. Although we \ncharacterize diet at broad geographic scales, we have previously found diet to vary \nbetween sites separated by as little as several hundred meters. Dietary variation among \nand within sites can reflect differences in prey availability as well as individual \nspecialization.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>We estimated species composition, density, biomass, and sizes of subtidal clams, urchins, \nand mussels at 13 sites in Glacier Bay and 5 sites in nearby Port Althorp, where sea otters \nhave been present for at least 20 years. All sites were selected based on the presence of \nabundant clam siphons and the absence of sea otters (Glacier Bay) or abundant shell litter \nand the presence of sea otters (Port Althorp). Glacier Bay sites were selected to achieve a \nbroad geographic sample of dense subtidal clam beds within Glacier Bay prior to \noccupation and foraging by sea otters. Port Althorp sites were chosen to achieve a \nrepresentative sample of subtidal clam beds already under prolonged foraging pressure by \nsea otters. There was no direct evidence of otter foraging at any of our Glacier Bay \nsampling sites.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In Glacier Bay, we sampled 15,338 bivalves (average of 1,180/site) representing 14 \nspecies of clam, 2 species of mussel, and a single scallop and we sampled 6,917 urchins \n(average of 513/site). In Port Althorp, we sampled 1,034 bivalves (average of 207/site) \nrepresenting 14 species of clam. We found only 5 urchins, all <i>S. droebachiensis</i>. Mean \ndensities and biomass of all subtidal clams were significantly greater in Glacier Bay (59.2 \nand 99/0.25m<sup>2</sup>\n compared to Port Althorp (10.3 and 5.8/0.25m<sup>2</sup>\n (p<0.002 for both).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Our contrasts of subtidal clam populations between Glacier Bay and Port Althorp suggest \nthat clam densities will likely decline by about a factor of six and that clam biomass \nestimates will decline by more than a factor of ten. Numerically dominant species of \nclams, <i>P. staminea</i>, <i>S. gigantea</i>, <i>Macoma sp.</i> and <i>Mya sp.</i> were all significantly greater in \ndensity and biomass in Glacier Bay, while <i>C. nutalli</i> density was low but significantly \nhigher in Port Althorp. Subtidal clam species diversity was significantly greater in Port \nAlthorp compared to Glacier Bay, although this may simply reflect habitat differences. \nSea urchin densities were high in Glacier Bay, while in Port Althorp urchins were \nvirtually absent.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Sea otters are now well established in limited areas of the lower portions of Glacier Bay. \nIt is likely that distribution and numbers of sea otters will continue to increase in Glacier \nBay in the near future. Glacier Bay supports large and diverse populations of clams that \nare largely unexploited by sea otters at present. It is predictable that the density and sizes \nof clam populations will decline in response to otter predation. This will result in fewer \nopportunities for human harvest, but will also trigger ecosystem level changes, as prey \nfor other predators, such as octopus, sea stars, fishes, birds and mammals are modified. \nSea otters will also modify benthic habitats through excavation of sediments required to \nextract burrowing infauna such as clams. Effects of sediment disturbance by foraging sea \notters are not understood. Glacier Bay also supports large populations of other preferred \nsea otter prey, such as king (<i>Paralithodes sp.</i>), tanner (<i>Chionoecetes sp.</i>) and dungeness \n(<i>Cancer magister</i>) crabs and green sea urchins (<i>S. droebachiensis</i>). As the colonization \nof Park waters by sea otters continues, it is also likely that dramatic changes will occur in \nthe species composition, abundance, and size class distribution of many components of \nthe nearshore marine ecosystem. Many of the changes will occur as a direct result of \npredation by sea otters. Others will result from indirect or cascading effects of sea otter \nforaging, such as increased kelp production and modified prey availability for other \nnearshore predators. Without recognizing and quantifying the extent of change initiated \nby the colonization of Glacier Bay by sea otters, management of nearshore resources will \nbe severely constrained for many decades.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., Coletti, H.A., and Doherty, J., 2003, Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: annual report 2002: Annual Report, USGS Alaska Science Center, Alaska, 82 p.","productDescription":"82 p.","numberOfPages":"82","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -138.4141,58.1591 ], [ -138.4141,59.483 ], [ -135.3167,59.483 ], [ -135.3167,58.1591 ], [ -138.4141,58.1591 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286fae4b07b8813a55501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coletti, Heather A.","contributorId":65768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doherty, Janet","contributorId":42137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70241100,"text":"70241100 - 2003 - Tsunami","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T18:04:36.308954","indexId":"70241100","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T11:47:11","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.1737247","usgsCitation":"Dengler, L., Borrero, J.C., Gelfenbaum, G., Jaffe, B., Okal, E.A., Ortiz, M., Titov, V.V., Anima, R., Anticona, L.B., Araya, S., Gomer, B., Gomez, J., Koshimura, S., Laos, G., Ocala, L., Olcese, D., Peters, R., Riega, P.C., Rubin, D.M., Swensson, M., and Vegas, F., 2003, Tsunami: Earthquake Spectra, v. 19, no. 1S, p. 115-144, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1737247.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"144","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.92963205127391,\n              -7.427650410087807\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.92963205127391,\n              -18.378246529256117\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.44045397205765,\n              -18.378246529256117\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.44045397205765,\n              -7.427650410087807\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.92963205127391,\n              -7.427650410087807\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  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,{"id":70006400,"text":"70006400 - 2003 - Projecting the success of plant restoration with population viability analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T11:11:55","indexId":"70006400","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Projecting the success of plant restoration with population viability analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Conserving viable populations of plant species requires that they have high probabilities of long-term persistence within natural habitats, such as a chance of extinction in 100 years of less than 5% (Menges 1991, 1998; Brown 1994; Pavlik 1994; Chap. 1, this Vol.).  For endangered and threatened species that have been severely reduces in range and whose habitats have been fragmented, important species conservation strategies may include augmenting existing populations or restoring new viable populations (Bowles and Whelan 1994; Chap. 2, this Vol.).  Restoration objectives may include increasing population numbers to reduce extinction probability, deterministic manipulations to develop a staged cohort structure, or more complex restoration of a desired genetic structure to allow outcrossing or increase effective population size (DeMauro 1993, 1994; Bowles et al. 1993, 1998; Pavlik 1994; Knapp and Dyer 1998; Chap. 2, this Vol.).  These efforts may require translocation of propagules from existing (in situ) populations, or from ex situ botanic gardens or seed storage facilities (Falk et al. 1996; Guerrant and Pavlik 1998; Chap. 2, this Vol.).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Population viability analysis (PVA) can provide a critical foundation for plant restoration, as it models demographic projections used to evaluate the probability of population persistence and links plant life history with restoration strategies.  It is unknown how well artificially created populations will meet demographic modeling requirements (e.g., due to artificial cohort transitions) and few, if any, PVAs have been applied to restorations.  To guide application of PVA to restored populations and to illustrate potential difficulties, we examine effects of planting different life stages, model initial population sizes needed to achieve population viability, and compare demographic characteristics between natural and restored populations.  We develop and compare plant population restoration viability analysis (PRVA) case studies of two plant species listed in the USA for which federal recovery planning calls for population restoration: <i>Cirsium pitcheri</i>, a short-lived semelparous herb, and <i>Asclepias meadii</i>, a long-lived iteroparous herb.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Population Viability in Plants.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Bell, T., Bowles, M., and McEachern, A.K., 2003, Projecting the success of plant restoration with population viability analysis, chap. <i>of</i> Population Viability in Plants., v. 165, p. 313-314.","productDescription":"p. 313-314","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f9e4b07b8813a554f8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brigham, C.A.","contributorId":40172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508323,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, M.W.","contributorId":68246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508324,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bell, T.J.","contributorId":40131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowles, M.L.","contributorId":83029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowles","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEachern, A. K.","contributorId":29777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70226931,"text":"70226931 - 2003 - How should mathematical models of geomorphic processes be judged?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T16:41:44.67562","indexId":"70226931","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T10:36:15","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5371,"text":"Geophysical Monograph","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"How should mathematical models of geomorphic processes be judged?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prediction in geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/135GM07","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 2003, How should mathematical models of geomorphic processes be judged?, chap. <i>of</i> Prediction in geomorphology: Geophysical Monograph, v. 135, p. 83-94, https://doi.org/10.1029/135GM07.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.517.2436","text":"External Repository"},{"id":393200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wilcock, Peter R.","contributorId":52049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcock","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828827,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006389,"text":"70006389 - 2003 - Structural Equation Modeling: Applications in ecological and evolutionary biology","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70205503,"text":"70205503 - 2003 - Examining the relationship between environmental variables and ordination axes using latent variables and structural equation modelling","indexId":"70205503","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"7","title":"Examining the relationship between environmental variables and ordination axes using latent variables and structural equation modelling"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70006389,"text":"70006389 - 2003 - Structural Equation Modeling: Applications in ecological and evolutionary biology","indexId":"70006389","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Structural Equation Modeling: Applications in ecological and evolutionary biology"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70205504,"text":"70205504 - 2003 - Comparing groups using structural equations","indexId":"70205504","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"11","title":"Comparing groups using structural equations"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70006389,"text":"70006389 - 2003 - Structural Equation Modeling: Applications in ecological and evolutionary biology","indexId":"70006389","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Structural Equation Modeling: Applications in ecological and evolutionary biology"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T11:01:20","indexId":"70006389","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T09:17:42","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Structural Equation Modeling: Applications in ecological and evolutionary biology","docAbstract":"<p>This book presents an introduction to the methodology of structural equation modeling, illustrates its use, and goes on to argue that it has revolutionary implications for the study of natural systems. A major theme of this book is that we have, up to this point, attempted to study systems primarily using methods (such as the univariate model) that were designed only for considering individual processes. Understanding systems requires the capacity to examine simultaneous influences and responses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) has such capabilities. It also possesses many other traits that add strength to its utility as a means of making scientific progress. In light of the capabilities of SEM, it can be argued that much of ecological theory is currently locked in an immature state that impairs its relevance. It is further argued that the principles of SEM are capable of leading to the development and evaluation of multivariate theories of the sort vitally needed for the conservation of natural systems. Supplementary information can be found at the authors website, <a href=\"http://www.jamesbgrace.com/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.jamesbgrace.com/</a>. • Details why multivariate analyses should be used to study ecological systems • Exposes unappreciated weakness in many current popular analyses • Emphasizes the future methodological developments needed to advance our understanding of ecological systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, MA","isbn":"9780521781336","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B.H., Tomer, A., and von Eye, A., 2003, Structural Equation Modeling: Applications in ecological and evolutionary biology, xi, 409 p.","productDescription":"xi, 409 p.","numberOfPages":"424","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311943,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/life-sciences/ecology-and-conservation/structural-equation-modeling-applications-ecological-and-evolutionary-biology"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d86ee4b07c5f79a7f354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, Bruce H.","contributorId":22668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomer, Adrian","contributorId":10333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomer","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"von Eye, Alexander","contributorId":26977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Eye","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199465,"text":"70199465 - 2003 - How fast does water flow in an unsaturated macropore? Evidence from field and lab experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T09:03:12","indexId":"70199465","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T09:01:22","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"How fast does water flow in an unsaturated macropore? Evidence from field and lab experiments","docAbstract":"<p><span>A wide range of available field and lab evidence can lead to useful generalizations about the speed of macropore flow, which often dominates the transport of water and contaminants. In 36 published field tests, the values of maximum transport speed in macropores and other preferential channels vary surprisingly little. The available tests vary widely in type of medium, including fractured rock and various soil textures; in length scale of the test, ranging from 1 to 1000 m and more; in type of tracer used; and in direction of flow. One factor that does significantly affect transport speeds is the supply of water that generates the flow. A sporadic supply of water at the land surface, as from natural rainfall, causes markedly slower preferential flow than a continuous supply, as from steady irrigation. For continuously supplied water, nearly all observations of maximum transport speed fall between 1 and 100 m/d, suggesting that an average value in that range could serve as a guideline for expected transport speed under comparable conditions. Lab experiments in published studies help to explain and support these field results. Visualization studies show that unsaturated macropore flow occurs in four distinct modes. Descriptive names for these are film flow, continuous rivulet, snapping rivulet, and pulsating blob.&nbsp;</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estudios de la zona no saturada del suelo, v. VI","publisher":"Instituto technologico de Castilla y Leon","publisherLocation":"Spain","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2003, How fast does water flow in an unsaturated macropore? Evidence from field and lab experiments, chap. <i>of</i> Estudios de la zona no saturada del suelo, v. VI.","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed2be4b034bf6a803b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70198531,"text":"70198531 - 2003 - Geochemical processes controlling transport of arsenic in groundwater: A review of adsorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T09:55:51","indexId":"70198531","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T07:20:06","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemical processes controlling transport of arsenic in groundwater: A review of adsorption","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adsorption is the predominate mechanism controlling transport of arsenic in many ground water systems. Hydrous oxides of iron, aluminum, and manganese, and clay minerals are commonly associated with aquifer solids and have been shown to be significant adsorbents of arsenic. The extent of arsenic adsorption is influenced by the chemistry of the aqueous phase including pH, arsenic speciation, and the presence and concentration of competing ions. Under moderately reducing conditions, trivalent arsenite is stable and adsorption increases with increasing pH. In an oxidizing environment, arsenate is stable and adsorption decreases with increasing pH. The presence of phosphate, sulfate, carbonate, silica, and other anions have been shown to decrease adsorption of arsenic to varying degrees. The effects of complex aqueous and solid phase chemistry on arsenic adsorption are best simulated using surface complexation models. Coupling of such models with hydrologic solute transport codes provide a powerful method for predicting the spatial and temporal distribution of arsenic in ground water.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arsenic in Ground Water","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/0-306-47956-7_3","usgsCitation":"Stollenwerk, K.G., 2003, Geochemical processes controlling transport of arsenic in groundwater: A review of adsorption, chap. <i>of</i> Arsenic in Ground Water, p. 67-100, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47956-7_3.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98cdd7e4b0702d0e846dce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742253,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742254,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":741806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001006,"text":"1001006 - 2003 - Effects of two classification strategies on a Benthic Community Index for streams in the Northern Lakes and Forests Ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T12:46:48","indexId":"1001006","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of two classification strategies on a Benthic Community Index for streams in the Northern Lakes and Forests Ecoregion","docAbstract":"<p>Ninety-four sites were used to analyze the effects of two different classification strategies on the Benthic Community Index (BCI). The first, a priori classification, reflected the wetland status of the streams; the second, a posteriori classification, used a bio-environmental analysis to select classification variables. Both classifications were examined by measuring classification strength and testing differences in metric values with respect to group membership. The a priori (wetland) classification strength (83.3%) was greater than the a posteriori (bio-environmental) classification strength (76.8%). Both classifications found one metric that had significant differences between groups. The original index was modified to reflect the wetland classification by re-calibrating the scoring criteria for percent Crustacea and Mollusca. A proposed refinement to the original Benthic Community Index is suggested. This study shows the importance of using hypothesis-driven classifications, as well as exploratory statistical analysis, to evaluate alternative ways to reveal environmental variability in biological assessment tools.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1470-160X(03)00043-8","usgsCitation":"Butcher, J.T., Stewart, P.M., and Simon, T.P., 2003, Effects of two classification strategies on a Benthic Community Index for streams in the Northern Lakes and Forests Ecoregion: Ecological Indicators, v. 3, no. 3, p. 195-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(03)00043-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butcher, Jason T.","contributorId":98662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simon, Thomas P.","contributorId":77081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025304,"text":"70025304 - 2003 - Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T15:19:26","indexId":"70025304","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests","docAbstract":"Ammonia is a relatively toxic compound generated in water and sediments by heterotrophic bacteria and accumulates in sediments and pore water. Recent data suggest that unionid mussels are sensitive to un-ionized ammonia (NH3) relative to other organisms. Existing sediment exposure systems are not suitable for ammonia toxicity studies with juvenile unionids; thus, we modified a system to expose juveniles to ammonia that was continuously infused into sediments. This system maintained consistent concentrations of ammonia in pore water up to 10 d. Juvenile <i>Lampsilis cardium</i> mussels were exposed to NH<sub>3<sub> in pore water in replicate 96-h and 10-d sediment toxicity tests. The 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were 127 and 165 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L, and the 10-d LC50s were 93 and 140 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L. The median effective concentrations (EC50s) (based on the proportion affected, including dead and inactive mussels) were 73 and 119 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L in the 96-h tests and 71 and 99 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L in the 10-d tests. Growth rate was substantially reduced at concentrations between 31 and 76 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L. The lethality results (when expressed as total ammonia) are about one-half the acute national water quality criteria for total ammonia, suggesting that existing criteria may not protect juvenile unionids.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1897/02-342","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Newton, T., Allran, J.W., O’Donnell, J.A., Bartsch, M., and Richardson, W.B., 2003, Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 22, no. 11, p. 2554-2560, https://doi.org/10.1897/02-342.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2554","endPage":"2560","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/02-342"},{"id":235850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0686e4b0c8380cd512ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allran, John W.","contributorId":97297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allran","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":3165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70161941,"text":"70161941 - 2003 - Running","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T09:46:41","indexId":"70161941","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Running","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models in ecosystem science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Princeton University Press","usgsCitation":"Duarte, C., Amthor, J., DeAngelis, D., Joyce, L., Maranger, R., Pace, M.L., and Pastor, J., 2003, Running, chap. <i>of</i> Models in ecosystem science, p. 437-451.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"451","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.princeton.edu/titles/7692.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e050e4b039675d005e66","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Canham, Charles D.","contributorId":152138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588141,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Jonathan J.","contributorId":16738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588142,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588143,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Duarte, C.M.","contributorId":64017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amthor, J.","contributorId":152139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amthor","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyce, L.A.","contributorId":36321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maranger, R.J.","contributorId":17448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maranger","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pace, M. L.","contributorId":72542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pace","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pastor, J.","contributorId":25784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastor","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
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