Light availability is of primary importance to the ecological function of shallow estuaries. For example, benthic primary production by submerged aquatic vegetation is contingent upon light penetration to the seabed. A major component that attenuates light in estuaries is colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). CDOM is often measured via a proxy, fluorescing dissolved organic matter (fDOM), due to the ease of in situ fDOM sensor measurements. Fluorescence must be converted to CDOM absorbance for use in light attenuation calculations. However, this CDOM–fDOM relationship varies among and within estuaries. We quantified the variability in this relationship within three estuaries along the mid-Atlantic margin of the eastern United States: West Falmouth Harbor (MA), Barnegat Bay (NJ), and Chincoteague Bay (MD/VA). Land use surrounding these estuaries ranges from urban to developed, with varying sources of nutrients and organic matter. Measurements of fDOM (excitation and emission wavelengths of 365 nm (±5 nm) and 460 nm (±40 nm), respectively) and CDOM absorbance were taken along a terrestrial-to-marine gradient in all three estuaries. The ratio of the absorption coefficient at 340 nm (m−1) to fDOM (QSU) was higher in West Falmouth Harbor (1.22) than in Barnegat Bay (0.22) and Chincoteague Bay (0.17). The CDOM : fDOM absorption ratio was variable between sites within West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay, but consistent between sites within Chincoteague Bay. Stable carbon isotope analysis for constraining the source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay yielded δ13C values ranging from −19.7 to −26.1 ‰ and −20.8 to −26.7 ‰, respectively. Concentration and stable carbon isotope mixing models of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) indicate a contribution of 13C-enriched DOC in the estuaries. The most likely source of 13C-enriched DOC for the systems we investigated is Spartina cordgrass. Comparison of DOC source to CDOM : fDOM absorption ratios at each site demonstrates the relationship between source and optical properties. Samples with 13C-enriched carbon isotope values, indicating a greater contribution from marsh organic material, had higher CDOM : fDOM absorption ratios than samples with greater contribution from terrestrial organic material. Applying a uniform CDOM : fDOM absorption ratio and spectral slope within a given estuary yields errors in modeled light attenuation ranging from 11 to 33 % depending on estuary. The application of a uniform absorption ratio across all estuaries doubles this error. This study demonstrates that light attenuation coefficients for CDOM based on continuous fDOM records are highly dependent on the source of DOM present in the estuary. Thus, light attenuation models for estuaries would be improved by quantification of CDOM absorption and DOM source identification.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-13-583-2016","usgsCitation":"Oestreich, W., Ganju, N.K., Pohlman, J.W., and Suttles, S., 2016, Colored dissolved organic matter in shallow estuaries: relationships between carbon sources and light attenuation: Biogeosciences, v. 13, no. 2, p. 583-595, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-583-2016.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"595","ipdsId":"IP-065243","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-583-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6cfe4b0bc0bec09cb74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oestreich, W.K.","contributorId":174765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oestreich","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27509,"text":"Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465 nganju@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":174763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil","email":"nganju@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pohlman, John W. 0000-0002-3563-4586 jpohlman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":145771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John","email":"jpohlman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suttles, Steven E. 0000-0002-4119-8370 ssuttles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-8370","contributorId":174766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suttles","given":"Steven E. ","email":"ssuttles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178533,"text":"70178533 - 2016 - Life history of the vulnerable endemic crayfish Cambarus (Erebicambarus) maculatus Hobbs and Pflieger, 1988 (Decapoda: Astacoidea: Cambaridae) in Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T15:24:53","indexId":"70178533","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2235,"text":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history of the vulnerable endemic crayfish Cambarus (Erebicambarus) maculatus Hobbs and Pflieger, 1988 (Decapoda: Astacoidea: Cambaridae) in Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"Exposure to environmental contaminants has been implicated as a factor in global amphibian decline. Mercury (Hg) is a particularly widespread contaminant that biomagnifies in amphibians and can cause a suite of deleterious effects. However, monitoring contaminant exposure in amphibian tissues may conflict with conservation goals if lethal take is required. Thus, there is a need to develop non-lethal tissue sampling techniques to quantify contaminant exposure in amphibians. Some minimally invasive sampling techniques, such as toe-clipping, are common in population-genetic research, but it is unclear if these methods can adequately characterize contaminant exposure. We examined the relationships between mercury (Hg) concentrations in non-lethally sampled tissues and paired whole-bodies in five amphibian species. Specifically, we examined the utility of three different tail-clip sections from four salamander species and toe-clips from one anuran species. Both tail and toe-clips accurately predicted whole-body THg concentrations, but the relationships differed among species and the specific tail-clip section or toe that was used. Tail-clips comprised of the distal 0–2 cm segment performed the best across all salamander species, explaining between 82 and 92 % of the variation in paired whole-body THg concentrations. Toe-clips were less effective predictors of frog THg concentrations, but THg concentrations in outer rear toes accounted for up to 79 % of the variability in frog whole-body THg concentrations. These findings suggest non-lethal sampling of tails and toes has potential applications for monitoring contaminant exposure and risk in amphibians, but care must be taken to ensure consistent collection and interpretation of samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-016-1616-z","usgsCitation":"Pfleeger, A.Z., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Kowalski, B.M., Herring, G., Willacker, J.J., Jackson, A., and Pierce, J., 2016, From tails to toes: developing nonlethal tissue indicators of mercury exposure in five amphibian species: Ecotoxicology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 574-583, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1616-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"583","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070128","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b081bce4b010e2af2a1195","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s10646-016-1616-z","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1616-z","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Pfleeger Adam Z., Eagles-Smith Collin A., Kowalski Brandon M., Herring Garth, Willacker James J., Jackson Allyson K., Pierce John R.","journalName":"Ecotoxicology","publicationDate":"1/29/2016","auditedOn":"7/29/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"1/29/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pfleeger, Adam Z.","contributorId":156247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pfleeger","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kowalski, Brandon M. bkowalski@usgs.gov","contributorId":5867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Brandon","email":"bkowalski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willacker, James J. jwillacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willacker","given":"James","email":"jwillacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, Allyson K.","contributorId":156248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Allyson K.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pierce, John 0000-0003-1148-6889 jpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-6889","contributorId":156249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"John","email":"jpierce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70164303,"text":"70164303 - 2016 - A replacement name for Asthenes wyatti perijanus Phelps 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T11:35:03","indexId":"70164303","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A replacement name for Asthenes wyatti perijanus Phelps 1977","docAbstract":"A recent near-complete phylogeny of the avian family Furnariidae (Derryberry et al. 2011) found a number of discrepancies between the phylogeny and the then-current taxonomy of the group, and several changes were proposed to reconcile the taxonomy of the family with the phylogeny. Among these was the merging of the genus Schizoeaca Cabanis 1873 into Asthenes Reichenbach 1853 (Derryberry et al. 2010). This change has now been generally adopted. The Committee on Classification and Nomenclature (South America) of the American Ornithologists’ Union (Remsen et al. 2015) passed a proposal to merge the genera in 2010, and recent global reference works (e.g., Dickinson & Christidis 2014) have likewise adopted the lumping of these genera.
","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","publisherLocation":"Auckland, New Zealand","doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.9","usgsCitation":"Chesser, R., 2016, A replacement name for Asthenes wyatti perijanus Phelps 1977: Zootaxa, v. 4067, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.9.","startPage":"599","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071575","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4067","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b081b6e4b010e2af2a1163","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092 tchesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","email":"tchesser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":596907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164304,"text":"70164304 - 2016 - Life history differences between fat and lean morphs of lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush) in Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T16:36:45","indexId":"70164304","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history differences between fat and lean morphs of lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush) in Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada","docAbstract":"Life history characteristics (size, age, plumpness, buoyancy, survival, growth, and maturity) were compared between fat and lean morphs of lake charr Salvelinus namaycush in Great Slave Lake, Canada, to determine if differences may reflect effects of resource polymorphism. Lake charr were sampled using graded-mesh gill nets set in three depth strata. Of 236 lake charr captured, 122 were a fat morph and 114 were a lean morph. Males and females did not differ from each other in any attributes for either fat or lean morphs. The fat morph averaged 15 mm longer, 481 g heavier, and 4.7 years older than the lean morph. The fat morph averaged 26% heavier and 48% more buoyant at length than the lean morph. Survival of the fat morph was 1.7% higher than that of the lean morph. The fat morph grew at a slower annual rate to a shorter asymptotic length than the lean morph. Fat and lean morphs matured at similar lengths and ages. We concluded that the connection between resource polymorphism and life histories in lean versus fat lake charr suggests that morph-specific restoration objectives may be needed in lakes where lake charr diversity is considered to be a restoration goal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-015-2633-2","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Nate, N.A., Chavarie, L., Muir, A., Zimmerman, M.S., and Krueger, C., 2016, Life history differences between fat and lean morphs of lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush) in Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada: Hydrobiologia, v. 783, no. 1, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2633-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070319","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Great Slave Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 60.694695372877476\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 63.213829705155625\n ],\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 63.213829705155625\n ],\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 60.694695372877476\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 60.694695372877476\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"783","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b081bde4b010e2af2a11a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":596908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nate, Nancy A.","contributorId":26626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nate","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chavarie, Louise","contributorId":156227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chavarie","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":596910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muir, Andrew M.","contributorId":103933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muir","given":"Andrew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmerman, Mara S.","contributorId":152687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Mara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13269,"text":"Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":596912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":73131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168723,"text":"70168723 - 2016 - Identification and dating of indigenous water storage reservoirs along the Rio San José at Laguna Pueblo, western New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-26T13:35:08","indexId":"70168723","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification and dating of indigenous water storage reservoirs along the Rio San José at Laguna Pueblo, western New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"An investigation into indigenous water storage on the Rio San José in western New Mexico was conducted in support of efforts by the Pueblo of Laguna to adjudicate their water rights. Here we focus on stratigraphy and geochronology of two Native American-constructed reservoirs. One reservoir located near the community of Casa Blanca was formed by a ∼600 m (2000 feet) long stone masonry dam that impounded ∼1.6 × 106 m3 (∼1300 acre-feet) of stored water. Four optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages obtained on reservoir deposits indicate that the dam was constructed prior to AD 1825. The other reservoir is located adjacent to Old Laguna Pueblo and contains only a small remnant of its former earthen dam. The depth and distribution of reservoir deposits and a photogrammetric analyses of relict shorelines indicate a storage capacity of ∼6.5 × 106 m3 (∼5300 ac-ft). OSL ages from above and below the base of the reservoir indicate that the reservoir was constructed sometime after AD 1370 but before AD 1750. The results of our investigation are consistent with Laguna oral history and Spanish accounts demonstrating indigenous construction of significant water-storage reservoirs on the Rio San José prior to the late nineteenth century.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.11.004","collaboration":"University of Arizona-Tucson; Utah State University; Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Huckleberry, G., Ferguson, T., Rittenour, T.M., Banet, C., and Mahan, S.A., 2016, Identification and dating of indigenous water storage reservoirs along the Rio San José at Laguna Pueblo, western New Mexico, USA: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 127, p. 171-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.11.004.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064462","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Laguna Pueblo","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.4188232421875,\n 35.02704444650624\n ],\n [\n -107.4188232421875,\n 35.057542504555414\n ],\n [\n -107.35633850097656,\n 35.057542504555414\n ],\n [\n -107.35633850097656,\n 35.02704444650624\n ],\n [\n -107.4188232421875,\n 35.02704444650624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d1853de4b015c306ef2d1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huckleberry, Gary","contributorId":167216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huckleberry","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferguson, T.J.","contributorId":167217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rittenour, Tammy M.","contributorId":140755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittenour","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banet, Chris","contributorId":167218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banet","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24647,"text":"Bureau of Indian affairs, Alburquerque Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168424,"text":"70168424 - 2016 - PHT3D-UZF: A reactive transport model for variably-saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T13:13:35","indexId":"70168424","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PHT3D-UZF: A reactive transport model for variably-saturated porous media","docAbstract":"A modified version of the MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based reactive transport model PHT3D was developed to extend current reactive transport capabilities to the variably-saturated component of the subsurface system and incorporate diffusive reactive transport of gaseous species. Referred to as PHT3D-UZF, this code incorporates flux terms calculated by MODFLOW's unsaturated-zone flow (UZF1) package. A volume-averaged approach similar to the method used in UZF-MT3DMS was adopted. The PHREEQC-based computation of chemical processes within PHT3D-UZF in combination with the analytical solution method of UZF1 allows for comprehensive reactive transport investigations (i.e., biogeochemical transformations) that jointly involve saturated and unsaturated zone processes. Intended for regional-scale applications, UZF1 simulates downward-only flux within the unsaturated zone. The model was tested by comparing simulation results with those of existing numerical models. The comparison was performed for several benchmark problems that cover a range of important hydrological and reactive transport processes. A 2D simulation scenario was defined to illustrate the geochemical evolution following dewatering in a sandy acid sulfate soil environment. Other potential applications include the simulation of biogeochemical processes in variably-saturated systems that track the transport and fate of agricultural pollutants, nutrients, natural and xenobiotic organic compounds and micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, as well as the evolution of isotope patterns.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.13517","usgsCitation":"Hand, B., Muhlfeld, C.C., Wade, A., Kovach, R., Whited, D.C., Narum, S.R., Matala, A.P., Ackerman, M.W., Garner, B.A., Kimball, J., Stanford, J.A., and Luikart, G., 2016, Climate variables explain neutral and adaptive variation within salmonid metapopulations: The importance of replication in landscape genetics: Molecular Ecology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 689-705, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13517.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"705","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059706","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1804948","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -112.9833984375,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -112.9833984375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 42.61779143282346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cee252e4b015c306ec5e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hand, Brian K.","contributorId":139248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hand","given":"Brian K.","affiliations":[{"id":12707,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wade, Alisa A.","contributorId":145917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wade","given":"Alisa A.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kovach, Ryan 0000-0001-5402-2123 rkovach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-2123","contributorId":145914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whited, Diane C.","contributorId":145916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whited","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Narum, Shawn R.","contributorId":167146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Narum","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13314,"text":"Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matala, Andrew P.","contributorId":167147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matala","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13314,"text":"Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ackerman, Michael W.","contributorId":167163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Garner, B. 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http://energy.usgs.gov
Lowland boreal forest ecosystems in Alaska are dominated by wetlands comprised of a complex mosaic of fens, collapse-scar bogs, low shrub/scrub, and forests growing on elevated ice-rich permafrost soils. Thermokarst has affected the lowlands of the Tanana Flats in central Alaska for centuries, as thawing permafrost collapses forests that transition to wetlands. Located within the discontinuous permafrost zone, this region has significantly warmed over the past half-century, and much of these carbon-rich permafrost soils are now within ~0.5 °C of thawing. Increased permafrost thaw in lowland boreal forests in response to warming may have consequences for the climate system. This study evaluates the trajectories and potential drivers of 60 years of forest change in a landscape subjected to permafrost thaw in unburned dominant forest types (paper birch and black spruce) associated with location on elevated permafrost plateau and across multiple time periods (1949, 1978, 1986, 1998, and 2009) using historical and contemporary aerial and satellite images for change detection. We developed (i) a deterministic statistical model to evaluate the potential climatic controls on forest change using gradient boosting and regression tree analysis, and (ii) a 30 × 30 m land cover map of the Tanana Flats to estimate the potential landscape-level losses of forest area due to thermokarst from 1949 to 2009. Over the 60-year period, we observed a nonlinear loss of birch forests and a relatively continuous gain of spruce forest associated with thermokarst and forest succession, while gradient boosting/regression tree models identify precipitation and forest fragmentation as the primary factors controlling birch and spruce forest change, respectively. Between 1950 and 2009, landscape-level analysis estimates a transition of ~15 km² or ~7% of birch forests to wetlands, where the greatest change followed warm periods. This work highlights that the vulnerability and resilience of lowland ice-rich permafrost ecosystems to climate changes depend on forest type.
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N.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jorgenson, M.T.","contributorId":26889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.","contributorId":86934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Breen, Amy L.","contributorId":81396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bolton, W.R.","contributorId":90531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolton","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70117462,"text":"70117462 - 2016 - Spatial variations in immediate greenhouse gases and aerosol emissions and resulting radiative forcing from wildfires in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T19:18:05","indexId":"70117462","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5175,"text":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variations in immediate greenhouse gases and aerosol emissions and resulting radiative forcing from wildfires in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Boreal fires can cool the climate; however, this conclusion came from individual fires and may not represent the whole story. We hypothesize that the climatic impact of boreal fires depends on local landscape heterogeneity such as burn severity, prefire vegetation type, and soil properties. To test this hypothesis, spatially explicit emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols and their resulting radiative forcing are required as an important and necessary component towards a full assessment. In this study, we integrated remote sensing (Landsat and MODIS) and models (carbon consumption model, emission factors model, and radiative forcing model) to calculate the carbon consumption, GHGs and aerosol emissions, and their radiative forcing of 2001–2010 fires at 30 m resolution in the Yukon River Basin of Alaska. Total carbon consumption showed significant spatial variation, with a mean of 2,615 g C m−2 and a standard deviation of 2,589 g C m−2. The carbon consumption led to different amounts of GHGs and aerosol emissions, ranging from 593.26 Tg (CO2) to 0.16 Tg (N2O). When converted to equivalent CO2 based on global warming potential metric, the maximum 20 years equivalent CO2 was black carbon (713.77 Tg), and the lowest 20 years equivalent CO2 was organic carbon (−583.13 Tg). The resulting radiative forcing also showed significant spatial variation: CO2, CH4, and N2O can cause a 20-year mean radiative forcing of 7.41 W m−2 with a standard deviation of 2.87 W m−2. This emission forcing heterogeneity indicates that different boreal fires have different climatic impacts. When considering the spatial variation of other forcings, such as surface shortwave forcing, we may conclude that some boreal fires, especially boreal deciduous fires, can warm the climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/s00704-015-1379-0","usgsCitation":"Huang, S., Liu, H., Dahal, D., Jin, S., Li, S., and Liu, S., 2016, Spatial variations in immediate greenhouse gases and aerosol emissions and resulting radiative forcing from wildfires in interior Alaska: Theoretical and Applied Climatology, v. 123, no. 3, p. 581-592, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1379-0.","startPage":"581","endPage":"592","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058246","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"123","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b5de4b03bcb0104bc6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Shengli shuang@usgs.gov","contributorId":1926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Shengli","email":"shuang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":519096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Heping","contributorId":117909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Heping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dahal, Devendra 0000-0001-9594-1249 ddahal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-1249","contributorId":5622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahal","given":"Devendra","email":"ddahal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jin, Suming 0000-0001-9919-8077 sjin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-8077","contributorId":4397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Suming","email":"sjin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Shuang","contributorId":116219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Shuang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70164312,"text":"70164312 - 2016 - Post-eruptive inflation of Okmok Volcano, Alaska, from InSAR, 2008–2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T11:00:28","indexId":"70164312","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-eruptive inflation of Okmok Volcano, Alaska, from InSAR, 2008–2014","docAbstract":"Okmok, a ~10-km wide caldera that occupies most of the northeastern end of Umnak Island, is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian arc. The most recent eruption at Okmok during July-August 2008 was by far its largest and most explosive since at least the early 19th century. We investigate post-eruptive magma supply and storage at the volcano during 2008–2014 by analyzing all available synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of Okmok acquired during that time period using the multi-temporal InSAR technique. Data from the C-band Envisat and X-band TerraSAR-X satellites indicate that Okmok started inflating very soon after the end of 2008 eruption at a time-variable rate of 48-130 mm/y, consistent with GPS measurements. The “model-assisted” phase unwrapping method is applied to improve the phase unwrapping operation for long temporal baseline pairs. The InSAR time-series is used as input for deformation source modeling, which suggests magma accumulating at variable rates in a shallow storage zone at ~3.9 km below sea level beneath the summit caldera, consistent with previous studies. The modeled volume accumulation in the 6 years following the 2008 eruption is ~75% of the 1997 eruption volume and ~25% of the 2008 eruption volume.
","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","doi":"10.3390/rs71215839","usgsCitation":"Qu, F., Lu, Z., Poland, M.P., Freymueller, J.T., Zhang, Q., and Jung, H., 2016, Post-eruptive inflation of Okmok Volcano, Alaska, from InSAR, 2008–2014: Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 12, p. 16778-16794, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71215839.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"16778","endPage":"16794","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069602","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71215839","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":316377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Okmok Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.46572875976562,\n 53.26685566290742\n ],\n [\n -168.46572875976562,\n 53.570491879287\n ],\n [\n -167.772216796875,\n 53.570491879287\n ],\n [\n -167.772216796875,\n 53.26685566290742\n ],\n [\n -168.46572875976562,\n 53.26685566290742\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b081bde4b010e2af2a11ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qu, Feifei","contributorId":156236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qu","given":"Feifei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20301,"text":"SMU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":596945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":596946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":596944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":97458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Qin","contributorId":156237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Qin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20301,"text":"SMU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":596948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jung, Hyung-Sup","contributorId":58382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Hyung-Sup","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70164311,"text":"70164311 - 2016 - Dome growth at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Arc, quantified by time-series TerraSAR-X imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T11:10:02","indexId":"70164311","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dome growth at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Arc, quantified by time-series TerraSAR-X imagery","docAbstract":"Synthetic aperture radar imagery is widely used to study surface deformation induced by volcanic activity; however, it is rarely applied to quantify the evolution of lava domes, which is important for understanding hazards and magmatic system characteristics. We studied dome formation associated with eruptive activity at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Volcanic Arc, in 2011–2012 using TerraSAR-X imagery. Interferometry and offset tracking show no consistent deformation and only motion of the crater rim, suggesting that ascending magma may pass through a preexisting conduit system without causing appreciable surface deformation. Amplitude imagery has proven useful for quantifying rates of vertical and areal growth of the lava dome within the crater from formation to removal by explosive activity to rebirth. We expect that this approach can be applied at other volcanoes that host growing lava domes and where hazards are highly dependent on dome geometry and growth rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GL066784","usgsCitation":"Wang, T., Poland, M.P., and Lu, Z., 2016, Dome growth at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Arc, quantified by time-series TerraSAR-X imagery: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 24, p. 10614-10621, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066784.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"10614","endPage":"10621","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070279","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316381,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Cleveland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.01651763916016,\n 52.78220817434916\n ],\n [\n -170.01651763916016,\n 52.86063195166758\n ],\n [\n -169.8651123046875,\n 52.86063195166758\n ],\n [\n -169.8651123046875,\n 52.78220817434916\n ],\n [\n -170.01651763916016,\n 52.78220817434916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"24","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b081bae4b010e2af2a1181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Teng","contributorId":156235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Teng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":596942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":596941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":596943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164313,"text":"70164313 - 2016 - The 2014-2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Disaster avoided and lessons learned","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T10:53:46","indexId":"70164313","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2014-2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Disaster avoided and lessons learned","docAbstract":"Lava flow crises are nothing new on the Island of Hawai‘i, where their destructive force has been demonstrated repeatedly over the past several hundred years. The 2014–2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis, however, was unique in terms of its societal impact and volcanological characteristics. Despite low effusion rates, a long-lived lava flow whose extent reached 20 km (the longest at Kīlauea Volcano in the past several hundred years) was poised for months to impact thousands of people, although direct impacts were ultimately minor (thus far). Careful observation of the flow reaffirmed and expanded knowledge of the processes associated with pāhoehoe emplacement, including the direct correlation between summit pressurization and flow advance, the influence of existing geologic structures on flow pathways, and the possible relationship between effusion rate and flow length. Communicating uncertainty associated with lava flow hazards was a challenge throughout the crisis, but online distribution of information and direct contact with residents proved to be effective strategies for keeping the public informed and educated about flow progress and how lava flows work (including forecasting limitations). Volcanological and sociological lessons will be important for inevitable future lava flow crises in Hawai‘i and, potentially, elsewhere in the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GSATG262A.1","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Orr, T.R., Kauahikaua, J.P., Brantley, S., Babb, J.L., Patrick, M.R., Neal, C.A., Anderson, K.R., Antolik, L., Burgess, M.K., Elias, T., Fuke, S., Fukunaga, P., Johanson, I.A., Kagimoto, M., Kamibayashi, K.P., Lee, L., Miklius, A., Million, W., Moniz, C.J., Okubo, P.G., Sutton, A., Takahashi, T., Thelen, W.A., Tollett, W., and Trusdell, F., 2016, The 2014-2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Disaster avoided and lessons learned: GSA Today, v. 26, no. 2, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG262A.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068957","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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The increase in mercury deposition to these systems over the past century, coupled with their limited exposure to direct anthropogenic disturbance make them useful indicators for estimating how changes in mercury emissions may propagate to changes in Hg bioaccumulation and ecological risk. We evaluated mercury concentrations in resident fish from 28 high-elevation, sub-alpine lakes in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Fish total mercury (THg) concentrations ranged from 4 to 438 ng/g wet weight, with a geometric mean concentration (±standard error) of 43 ± 2 ng/g ww. Fish THg concentrations were negatively correlated with relative condition factor, indicating that faster growing fish that are in better condition have lower THg concentrations. Across the 28 study lakes, mean THg concentrations of resident salmonid fishes varied as much as 18-fold among lakes. We used a hierarchal statistical approach to evaluate the relative importance of physiological, limnological, and catchment drivers of fish Hg concentrations. Our top statistical model explained 87% of the variability in fish THg concentrations among lakes with four key landscape and limnological variables: catchment conifer density (basal area of conifers within a lake's catchment), lake surface area, aqueous dissolved sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon. Conifer density within a lake's catchment was the most important variable explaining fish THg concentrations across lakes, with THg concentrations differing by more than 400 percent across the forest density spectrum. These results illustrate the importance of landscape characteristics in controlling mercury bioaccumulation in fish.
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Efforts to recover the California Ridgway’s Rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus; hereafter, California rail), a federally and state-listed species, and restoration of tidal marsh ecosystems in the San Francisco Bay estuary provide a prime example of habitat restoration that has conflicted with species conservation. On the brink of extinction from habitat loss and degradation, and non-native predators in the 1990s, California rail populations responded positively to introduction of a non-native plant, Atlantic cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). California rail populations were in substantial decline when the non-native Spartina was initially introduced as part of efforts to recover tidal marshes. Subsequent hybridization with the native Pacific cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) boosted California rail populations by providing greater cover and increased habitat area. The hybrid cordgrass (S. alterniflora × S. foliosa) readily invaded tidal mudflats and channels, and both crowded out native tidal marsh plants and increased sediment accretion in the marsh plain. This resulted in modification of tidal marsh geomorphology, hydrology, productivity, and species composition. Our results show that denser California rail populations occur in invasive Spartina than in native Spartina in San Francisco Bay. Herbicide treatment between 2005 and 2012 removed invasive Spartina from open intertidal mud and preserved foraging habitat for shorebirds. However, removal of invasive Spartina caused substantial decreases in California rail populations. Unknown facets of California rail ecology, undesirable interim stages of tidal marsh restoration, and competing management objectives among stakeholders resulted in management planning for endangered species or ecosystem restoration that favored one goal over the other. We have examined this perceived conflict and propose strategies for moderating harmful effects of restoration while meeting the needs of both endangered species and the imperiled native marsh ecosystem.
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mussel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T14:34:00","indexId":"70170547","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical and chemical constraints limit the habitat window for an endangered mussel","docAbstract":"Development of effective conservation and restoration strategies for freshwater pearly mussels requires identification of environmental constraints on the distributions of individual mussel species. We examined whether the spatial distribution of the endangered Alasmidonta heterodon in Flat Brook, a tributary of the upper Delaware River, was constrained by water chemistry (i.e., calcium availability), bed mobility, or both. Alasmidonta heterodon populations were bracketed between upstream reaches that were under-saturated with respect to aragonite and downstream reaches that were saturated for aragonite during summer baseflow but had steep channels with high bed mobility. Variability in bed mobility and water chemistry along the length of Flat Brook create a “habitat window” for A. heterodon defined by bed stability (mobility index ≤1) and aragonite saturation (saturation index ≥1). We suggest the species may exist in a narrow biogeochemical window that is seasonally near saturation. Alasmidonta heterodon populations may be susceptible to climate change or anthropogenic disturbances that increase discharge, decrease groundwater inflow or chemistry, and thus affect either bed mobility or aragonite saturation. Identifying the biogeochemical microhabitats and requirements of individual mussel species and incorporating this knowledge into management decisions should enhance the conservation and restoration of endangered mussel species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10750-016-2642-9","usgsCitation":"Campbell, C., and Prestegaard, K.L., 2016, Physical and chemical constraints limit the habitat window for an endangered mussel: Hydrobiologia, v. 772, no. 1, p. 77-91, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2642-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063033","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Flat brook watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.74754333496092,\n 41.20371449905825\n ],\n [\n -74.72763061523438,\n 41.21611203632415\n ],\n [\n -74.7128677368164,\n 41.223084618644435\n ],\n [\n -74.70085144042967,\n 41.24348160850505\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 41.263098022611466\n ],\n [\n -74.6696090698242,\n 41.27703242132324\n ],\n [\n -74.66068267822266,\n 41.290963845888356\n ],\n [\n -74.65965270996094,\n 41.30282900969834\n ],\n [\n -74.65965270996094,\n 41.314176277103385\n ],\n [\n -74.66892242431639,\n 41.32809976969038\n ],\n [\n -74.68952178955078,\n 41.315207748938164\n ],\n [\n -74.69913482666016,\n 41.30618181697833\n ],\n [\n -74.71115112304688,\n 41.2938013640244\n ],\n [\n -74.72248077392578,\n 41.29560699312263\n ],\n [\n -74.73209381103516,\n 41.29870224100776\n ],\n [\n -74.74685668945312,\n 41.299733957661566\n ],\n [\n -74.76058959960938,\n 41.29896017170129\n ],\n [\n -74.77500915527344,\n 41.29896017170129\n ],\n [\n -74.78702545166016,\n 41.29767050803326\n ],\n [\n -74.7952651977539,\n 41.29147976745683\n ],\n [\n -74.80693817138672,\n 41.286836326460694\n ],\n [\n -74.81449127197266,\n 41.27883851451407\n ],\n [\n -74.81861114501953,\n 41.27677440393049\n ],\n [\n -74.82444763183594,\n 41.26929145587208\n ],\n [\n -74.82925415039062,\n 41.25716209782705\n ],\n [\n -74.83955383300781,\n 41.25019314990133\n ],\n [\n -74.8447036743164,\n 41.243997905395204\n ],\n [\n -74.84779357910156,\n 41.23857658460282\n ],\n [\n -74.85088348388672,\n 41.22799080504546\n ],\n [\n -74.85328674316406,\n 41.21456247263966\n ],\n [\n -74.85912322998047,\n 41.203197884024746\n ],\n [\n -74.86701965332031,\n 41.188472641161425\n ],\n [\n -74.87800598144531,\n 41.17813715950835\n ],\n [\n -74.88624572753906,\n 41.16288934671815\n ],\n [\n -74.8996353149414,\n 41.14737945716171\n ],\n [\n -74.90959167480469,\n 41.13729606112276\n ],\n [\n -74.92504119873047,\n 41.12798693490564\n ],\n [\n -74.93602752685547,\n 41.123590499468285\n ],\n [\n -74.95319366455078,\n 41.11660732012894\n ],\n [\n -74.96383666992188,\n 41.10651919385192\n ],\n [\n -74.96555328369139,\n 41.099534198380844\n ],\n [\n -74.95765686035155,\n 41.095394591235085\n ],\n [\n -74.94598388671875,\n 41.09151347260093\n ],\n [\n -74.92881774902344,\n 41.10134519447027\n ],\n [\n -74.90856170654297,\n 41.10832999732833\n ],\n [\n -74.88967895507812,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -74.8604965209961,\n 41.12824553958186\n ],\n [\n -74.85397338867188,\n 41.13677892209895\n ],\n [\n -74.84092712402342,\n 41.14453557935463\n ],\n [\n -74.8175811767578,\n 41.15565185493398\n ],\n [\n -74.78771209716797,\n 41.17426093335106\n ],\n [\n -74.77432250976562,\n 41.183821876278515\n ],\n [\n -74.74754333496092,\n 41.20371449905825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"772","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fd8e4b071321fe56a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Cara ccampbell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Cara","email":"ccampbell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prestegaard, Karen L.","contributorId":23266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prestegaard","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164449,"text":"70164449 - 2016 - Reflectance spectroscopy (0.35–8 μm) of ammonium-bearing minerals and qualitative comparison to Ceres-like asteroids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-05T09:15:58","indexId":"70164449","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflectance spectroscopy (0.35–8 μm) of ammonium-bearing minerals and qualitative comparison to Ceres-like asteroids","docAbstract":"Ammonium-bearing minerals have been suggested to be present on Mars, Ceres, and various asteroids and comets. We undertook a systematic study of the spectral reflectance properties of ammonium-bearing minerals and compounds that have possible planetary relevance (i.e., ammonium carbonates, chlorides, nitrates, oxalates, phosphates, silicates, and sulfates). Various synthetic and natural NH4+-bearing minerals were analyzed using reflectance spectroscopy in the long-wave ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared regions (0.35–8 μm) in order to identify spectral features characteristic of the NH4+ molecule, and to evaluate if and how these features vary among different species. Mineral phases were confirmed through structural and compositional analyses using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and elemental combustion analysis. Characteristic absorption features associated with NH4 can be seen in the reflectance spectra at wavelengths as short as ∼1 μm. In the near-infrared region, the most prominent absorption bands are located near 1.6, 2.0, and 2.2 μm. Absorption features characteristic of NH4+ occurred at slightly longer wavelengths in the mineral-bound NH4+ spectra than for free NH4+ for most of the samples. Differences in wavelength position are attributable to various factors, including differences in the type and polarizability of the anion(s) attached to the NH4+, degree and type of hydrogen bonding, molecule symmetry, and cation substitutions. Multiple absorption features, usually three absorption bands, in the mid-infrared region between ∼2.8 and 3.8 μm were seen in all but the most NH4-poor sample spectra, and are attributed to fundamentals, combinations, and overtones of stretching and bending vibrations of the NH4+ molecule. These features appear even in reflectance spectra of water-rich samples which exhibit a strong 3 μm region water absorption feature. While many of the samples examined in this study have NH4 absorption bands at unique wavelength positions, in order to discriminate between different NH4+-bearing phases, absorption features corresponding to molecules other than NH4+ should be included in spectral analysis. A qualitative comparison of the laboratory results to telescopic spectra of Asteroids 1 Ceres, 10 Hygiea, and 324 Bamberga for the 3 μm region demonstrates that a number of NH4-bearing phases are consistent with the observational data in terms of exhibiting an absorption band in the 3.07 μm region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2015.10.028","usgsCitation":"Berg, B.L., Cloutis, E.A., Beck, P., Vernazza, P., Bishop, J., Takir, D., Reddy, V., Applin, D., and Mann, P., 2016, Reflectance spectroscopy (0.35–8 μm) of ammonium-bearing minerals and qualitative comparison to Ceres-like asteroids: Icarus, v. 265, p. 218-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.10.028.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"218","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066433","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"265","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5d658e4b0cc799981738d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berg, Breanne L.","contributorId":156312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"Breanne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":20308,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloutis, Edward A.","contributorId":156313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cloutis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":20308,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, P.","contributorId":43700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vernazza, P.","contributorId":156314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vernazza","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20309,"text":"Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bishop, Janice L","contributorId":156315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Janice L","affiliations":[{"id":20310,"text":"SETI Institute, 89 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA, USA 94043","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takir, Driss dtakir@usgs.gov","contributorId":152190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takir","given":"Driss","email":"dtakir@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reddy, V.","contributorId":156316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reddy","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20311,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ, USA 85719-2395","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Applin, D.","contributorId":156317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Applin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20308,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mann, Paul","contributorId":57729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70169024,"text":"70169024 - 2016 - Does biodiversity protect humans against infectious disease? Reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T20:24:50.855583","indexId":"70169024","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does biodiversity protect humans against infectious disease? Reply","docAbstract":"The dilution effect is the sort of idea that everyone wants to be true. If nature protects humans against infectious disease, imagine the implications: nature's value could be tallied in terms of human suffering avoided. This makes a potent argument for conservation, convincing even to those who would otherwise be disinclined to support conservation initiatives. The appeal of the dilution effect has been recognized by others: “the desire to make the case for conservation has led to broad claims regarding the benefits of nature conservation for human health” (Bauch et al. 2015). Randolph and Dobson (2012) were among the first to critique these claims, making the case that promotion of conservation to reduce Lyme disease risk, although well intentioned, was flawed. Along with Randolph and Dobson's critique, there have been several calls for a more nuanced scientific assessment of the relationship between biodiversity and disease transmission (Dunn 2010, Salkeld et al. 2013, Wood and Lafferty 2013, Young et al. 2013). In response, supporters of the dilution effect have instead increased the scope of their generalizations with review papers, press releases, and, like Levi et al. (2015), letters. These responses have been successful; it is not uncommon to read papers that repeat the assertion that biodiversity generally interferes with disease transmission and that conservation will therefore generally benefit human health. Here, we explain how Levi et al. (2015) and other, similar commentaries use selective interpretation and shifting definitions to argue for the generality of the dilution effect hypothesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Brooklyn, NY","doi":"10.1890/15-1503.1","usgsCitation":"Wood, C., Lafferty, K.D., DeLeo, G., Young, H.S., Hudson, P., and Kuris, A.M., 2016, Does biodiversity protect humans against infectious disease? Reply: Ecology, v. 97, no. 2, p. 543-546, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1503.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"546","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069419","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/117557","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e3fa41e4b0f59b85d4940a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Chelsea L.","contributorId":36866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Chelsea L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLeo, Giulio","contributorId":147447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLeo","given":"Giulio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16854,"text":"Standford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Hillary S.","contributorId":53711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Hillary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13007,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175167,"text":"70175167 - 2016 - Continental Shelf Morphology and Stratigraphy Offshore San Onofre, CA: The Interplay Between Rates of Eustatic Change and Sediment Supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T11:25:26","indexId":"70175167","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T06:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continental Shelf Morphology and Stratigraphy Offshore San Onofre, CA: The Interplay Between Rates of Eustatic Change and Sediment Supply","docAbstract":"New high-resolution CHIRP seismic data acquired offshore San Onofre, southern California reveal that shelf sediment distribution and thickness are primarily controlled by eustatic sea level rise and sediment supply. Throughout the majority of the study region, a prominent abrasion platform and associated shoreline cutoff are observed in the subsurface from ~ 72 to 53 m below present sea level. These erosional features appear to have formed between Melt Water Pulse 1A and Melt Water Pulse 1B, when the rate of sea-level rise was lower. There are three distinct sedimentary units mapped above a regional angular unconformity interpreted to be the Holocene transgressive surface in the seismic data. Unit I, the deepest unit, is interpreted as a lag deposit that infills a topographic low associated with an abrasion platform. Unit I thins seaward by downlap and pinches out landward against the shoreline cutoff. Unit II is a mid-shelf lag deposit formed from shallower eroded material and thins seaward by downlap and landward by onlap. The youngest, Unit III, is interpreted to represent modern sediment deposition. Faults in the study area do not appear to offset the transgressive surface. The Newport Inglewood/Rose Canyon fault system is active in other regions to the south (e.g., La Jolla) where it offsets the transgressive surface and creates seafloor relief. Several shoals observed along the transgressive surface could record minor deformation due to fault activity in the study area. Nevertheless, our preferred interpretation is that the shoals are regions more resistant to erosion during marine transgression. The Cristianitos fault zone also causes a shoaling of the transgressive surface. This may be from resistant antecedent topography due to an early phase of compression on the fault. The Cristianitos fault zone was previously defined as a down-to-the-north normal fault, but the folding and faulting architecture imaged in the CHIRP data are more consistent with a strike-slip fault with a down-to-the-northwest dip-slip component. A third area of shoaling is observed off of San Mateo and San Onofre creeks. This shoaling has a constructional component and could be a relict delta or beach structure. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2015.08.003","usgsCitation":"Klotsko, S., Driscoll, N.W., Kent, G., and Brothers, D.S., 2016, Continental Shelf Morphology and Stratigraphy Offshore San Onofre, CA: The Interplay Between Rates of Eustatic Change and Sediment Supply: Marine Geology, v. 369, p. 116-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.08.003.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064476","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Onofre State Beach, Southern California, between Los Angeles and San Diego","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5665855407715,\n 33.37913595905522\n ],\n [\n -117.5430679321289,\n 33.36444180060303\n ],\n [\n -117.52504348754881,\n 33.351680957199115\n ],\n [\n -117.50916481018065,\n 33.340495758384954\n ],\n [\n -117.50144004821779,\n 33.3333250034563\n ],\n [\n -117.50555992126465,\n 33.33038482330389\n ],\n [\n -117.57113456726073,\n 33.37583894926043\n ],\n [\n -117.5665855407715,\n 33.37913595905522\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"369","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42ee4b006cb45552c00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klotsko, Shannon","contributorId":173303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klotsko","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27208,"text":"UC San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, Neal W.","contributorId":140186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12888,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, Graham","contributorId":7608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Graham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X dbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":167089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171476,"text":"70171476 - 2016 - Integrated risk and recovery monitoring of ecosystem restorations on contaminated sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:46:43","indexId":"70171476","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated risk and recovery monitoring of ecosystem restorations on contaminated sites","docAbstract":"Ecological restorations of contaminated sites balance the human and ecological risks of residual contamination with the benefits of ecological recovery and the return of lost ecological function and ecosystem services. Risk and recovery are interrelated dynamic conditions, changing as remediation and restoration activities progress through implementation into long-term management and ecosystem maturation. Monitoring restoration progress provides data critical to minimizing residual contaminant risk and uncertainty, while measuring ecological advancement toward recovery goals. Effective monitoring plans are designed concurrently with restoration plan development and implementation and are focused on assessing the effectiveness of activities performed in support of restoration goals for the site. Physical, chemical, and biotic measures characterize progress toward desired structural and functional ecosystem components of the goals. Structural metrics, linked to ecosystem functions and services, inform restoration practitioners of work plan modifications or more substantial adaptive management actions necessary to maintain desired recovery. Monitoring frequency, duration, and scale depend on specific attributes and goals of the restoration project. Often tied to restoration milestones, critical assessment of monitoring metrics ensures attainment of risk minimization and ecosystem recovery. Finally, interpretation and communication of monitoring findings inform and engage regulators, other stakeholders, the scientific community, and the public. Because restoration activities will likely cease before full ecosystem recovery, monitoring endpoints should demonstrate risk reduction and a successional trajectory toward the condition established in the restoration goals. A detailed assessment of the completed project's achievements, as well as unrealized objectives, attained through project monitoring, will determine if contaminant risk has been minimized, if injured resources have recovered, and if ecosystem services have been returned. Such retrospective analysis will allow better planning for future restoration goals and strengthen the evidence base for quantifying injuries and damages at other sites in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","doi":"10.1002/ieam.1731","usgsCitation":"Hooper, M.J., Glomb, S.J., Harper, D., Hoelzle, T.B., McIntosh, L.M., and Mulligan, D.R., 2016, Integrated risk and recovery monitoring of ecosystem restorations on contaminated sites: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 284-295, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1731.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"295","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062929","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1731","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500767e4b0ee97d51bb663","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, Michael J. 0000-0002-4161-8961 mhooper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-8961","contributorId":3251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Michael","email":"mhooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glomb, Stephen J.","contributorId":169847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glomb","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25606,"text":"Office of Restoration and Damage Assessment, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW, Washington, DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, David 0000-0001-7061-8461 david_harper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-8461","contributorId":169848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David","email":"david_harper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoelzle, Timothy B.","contributorId":169849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoelzle","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25607,"text":"Great Ecology, 3459 Ringsby Court, Suite 421, Denver, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McIntosh, Lisa M.","contributorId":169850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25608,"text":"Woodard & Curran, 980 Washington Street, Suite 325N, Dedham, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mulligan, David R.","contributorId":169851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulligan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25609,"text":"Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192535,"text":"70192535 - 2016 - Ungulate reproductive parameters track satellite observations of plant phenology across latitude and climatological regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T13:15:55","indexId":"70192535","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ungulate reproductive parameters track satellite observations of plant phenology across latitude and climatological regimes","docAbstract":"The effect of climatically-driven plant phenology on mammalian reproduction is one key to predicting species-specific demographic responses to climate change. Large ungulates face their greatest energetic demands from the later stages of pregnancy through weaning, and so in seasonal environments parturition dates should match periods of high primary productivity. Interannual variation in weather influences the quality and timing of forage availability, which can influence neonatal survival. Here, we evaluated macro-scale patterns in reproductive performance of a widely distributed ungulate (mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus) across contrasting climatological regimes using satellite-derived indices of primary productivity and plant phenology over eight degrees of latitude (890 km) in the American Southwest. The dataset comprised > 180,000 animal observations taken from 54 populations over eight years (2004–2011). Regionally, both the start and peak of growing season (“Start” and “Peak”, respectively) are negatively and significantly correlated with latitude, an unusual pattern stemming from a change in the dominance of spring snowmelt in the north to the influence of the North American Monsoon in the south. Corresponding to the timing and variation in both the Start and Peak, mule deer reproduction was latest, lowest, and most variable at lower latitudes where plant phenology is timed to the onset of monsoonal moisture. Parturition dates closely tracked the growing season across space, lagging behind the Start and preceding the Peak by 27 and 23 days, respectively. Mean juvenile production increased, and variation decreased, with increasing latitude. Temporally, juvenile production was best predicted by primary productivity during summer, which encompassed late pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation. Our findings offer a parsimonious explanation of two key reproductive parameters in ungulate demography, timing of parturition and mean annual production, across latitude and changing climatological regimes. Practically, this demonstrates the potential for broad-scale modeling of couplings between climate, plant phenology, and animal populations using space-borne observations.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0148780","usgsCitation":"Stoner, D., Sexton, J.O., Nagol, J., Bernales, H.H., and Edwards, T., 2016, Ungulate reproductive parameters track satellite observations of plant phenology across latitude and climatological regimes: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 2, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148780.","productDescription":"e0148780; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-061623","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148780","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert, Colorado Plateau, Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -108.61083984375,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -108.61083984375,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 33.63291573870479\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ea6ce4b09af898c8cc86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoner, David","contributorId":191912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoner","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, Joseph O.","contributorId":191918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagol, Jyoteshwar","contributorId":198512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagol","given":"Jyoteshwar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernales, Heather H.","contributorId":198513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernales","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":191916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189144,"text":"70189144 - 2016 - Fertility of the early post-eruptive surfaces of Kasatochi Island volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T13:53:20","indexId":"70189144","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fertility of the early post-eruptive surfaces of Kasatochi Island volcano","docAbstract":"In the four years after the 2008 eruption and burial of Kasatochi Island volcano, erosion and the return of bird activity have resulted in new and altered land surfaces and initiation of ecosystem recovery. We examined fertility characteristics of the recently deposited pyroclastic surfaces, patches of legacy pre-eruptive surface soil (LS), and a post-eruptive surface with recent bird roosting activity. Pyroclastic materials were found lacking in N, but P, K, and other macronutrients were in sufficient supply for plants. Erosion and leaching are moving mobile P and Fe downslope to deposition fan areas. Legacy soil patches that currently support plants have available-N at levels (10–22 mg N kg-1) similar to those added by birds in a recent bird roosting area. Roosting increased surface available N from <1 mg N kg-1 in the new pyroclastic surfaces to up to 42 mg N kg-1 and increased soil biological respiration of CO2 from essentially zero to a level about 40% that of the LS surface. Laboratory plant growth trials using Lupinus nootkatensis and Leymus mollis indicated that the influence of eroded and redeposited LS in amounts as little as 10% by volume mixed with new pyroclastic materials could aid plant recovery by supplying vital N and soil biota to plants as propagules are introduced to the new surface. Erosion-exposure of fertile pre-eruptive soils and erosion-mixing of pre-eruptive soils with newly erupted materials, along with inputs of nutrients from bird activities, each will exert significant influences on the surface fertility and recovery pattern of the new post-eruptive Kasatochi volcano. For this environment, these influences could help to speed recovery of a more diverse plant community by providing N (LS and bird inputs) as alternatives to relying most heavily on N-fixing plants to build soil fertility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado","doi":"10.1657/AAAR0014-089","usgsCitation":"Michaelson, G.J., Wang, B., and Ping, C., 2016, Fertility of the early post-eruptive surfaces of Kasatochi Island volcano: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 48, no. 1, p. 45-59, https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0014-089.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"59","ipdsId":"IP-061100","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1657/aaar0014-089","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasatochi Island Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175.5369758605957,\n 52.15708463620445\n ],\n [\n -175.48633575439453,\n 52.15708463620445\n ],\n [\n -175.48633575439453,\n 52.18829929601143\n ],\n [\n -175.5369758605957,\n 52.18829929601143\n ],\n [\n -175.5369758605957,\n 52.15708463620445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeea40e4b0da30c1bfc5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michaelson, G. J.","contributorId":194081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michaelson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ping, C. L.","contributorId":194082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ping","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}