[1] We investigate the rupture process of the 1999 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan, earthquake using extensive near‐source observations, including three‐component velocity waveforms at 36 strong motion stations and 119 GPS measurements. A three‐plane fault geometry derived from our previous inversion using only static data [Ji et al., 2001] is applied. The slip amplitude, rake angle, rupture initiation time, and risetime function are inverted simultaneously with a recently developed finite fault inverse method that combines a wavelet transform approach with a simulated annealing algorithm [Ji et al., 2002b]. The inversion results are validated by the forward prediction of an independent data set, the teleseismic P and SH ground velocities, with notable agreement. The results show that the total seismic moment release of this earthquake is 2.7 × 1020 N m and that most of the slip occurred in a triangular‐shaped asperity involving two fault segments, which is consistent with our previous static inversion. The rupture front propagates with an average rupture velocity of ∼2.0 km s−1, and the average slip duration (risetime) is 7.2 s. Several interesting observations related to the temporal evolution of the Chi‐Chi earthquake are also investigated, including (1) the strong effect of the sinuous fault plane of the Chelungpu fault on spatial and temporal variations in slip history, (2) the intersection of fault 1 and fault 2 not being a strong impediment to the rupture propagation, and (3) the observation that the peak slip velocity near the surface is, in general, higher than on the deeper portion of the fault plane, as predicted by dynamic modeling.
The 23 October 2002 Nenana Mountain Earthquake (Mw ∼ 6.7) occurred on the Denali Fault (Alaska), to the west of the Mw ∼ 7.9 Denali Earthquake that ruptured the same fault 11 days later. We used 6 interferograms, constructed using radar images from the Canadian Radarsat-1 and European ERS-2 satellites, to determine the coseismic surface deformation and a source model. Data were acquired on ascending and descending satellite passes, with incidence angles between 23 and 45 degrees, and time intervals of 72 days or less. Modeling the event as dislocations in an elastic half space suggests that there was nearly 0.9 m of right-lateral strike-slip motion at depth, on a near-vertical fault, and that the maximum slip in the top 4 km of crust was less than 0.2 m. The Nenana Mountain Earthquake increased the Coulomb stress at the future hypocenter of the 3 November 2002, Denali Earthquake by 30–60 kPa.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018014","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.J., Lu, Z., and Wicks, C., 2003, Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 18, p. 12-1-12-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"12-1","endPage":"12-4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali fault, Nenana Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9330e4b08c986b31a34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Tim J.","contributorId":84959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025174,"text":"70025174 - 2003 - Why earthquakes correlate weakly with the solid Earth tides: Effects of periodic stress on the rate and probability of earthquake occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025174","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why earthquakes correlate weakly with the solid Earth tides: Effects of periodic stress on the rate and probability of earthquake occurrence","docAbstract":"We provide an explanation why earthquake occurrence does not correlate well with the daily solid Earth tides. The explanation is derived from analysis of laboratory experiments in which faults are loaded to quasiperiodic failure by the combined action of a constant stressing rate, intended to simulate tectonic loading, and a small sinusoidal stress, analogous to the Earth tides. Event populations whose failure times correlate with the oscillating stress show two modes of response; the response mode depends on the stressing frequency. Correlation that is consistent with stress threshold failure models, e.g., Coulomb failure, results when the period of stress oscillation exceeds a characteristic time tn; the degree of correlation between failure time and the phase of the driving stress depends on the amplitude and frequency of the stress oscillation and on the stressing rate. When the period of the oscillating stress is less than tn, the correlation is not consistent with threshold failure models, and much higher stress amplitudes are required to induce detectable correlation with the oscillating stress. The physical interpretation of tn is the duration of failure nucleation. Behavior at the higher frequencies is consistent with a second-order dependence of the fault strength on sliding rate which determines the duration of nucleation and damps the response to stress change at frequencies greater than 1/tn. Simple extrapolation of these results to the Earth suggests a very weak correlation of earthquakes with the daily Earth tides, one that would require >13,000 earthquakes to detect. On the basis of our experiments and analysis, the absence of definitive daily triggering of earthquakes by the Earth tides requires that for earthquakes, tn exceeds the daily tidal period. The experiments suggest that the minimum typical duration of earthquake nucleation on the San Andreas fault system is ???1 year.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N., and Lockner, D., 2003, Why earthquakes correlate weakly with the solid Earth tides: Effects of periodic stress on the rate and probability of earthquake occurrence: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 8.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0a1e4b08c986b32ef8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, N.M. 0000-0002-3397-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":68894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025173,"text":"70025173 - 2003 - Nuclear transfer of synchronized African wild cat somatic cells into enucleated domestic cat oocytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025173","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1033,"text":"Biology of Reproduction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear transfer of synchronized African wild cat somatic cells into enucleated domestic cat oocytes","docAbstract":"The African wild cat is one of the smallest wild cats and its future is threatened by hybridization with domestic cats. Nuclear transfer, a valuable tool for retaining genetic variability, offers the possibility of species continuation rather than extinction. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of somatic cell nuclei of the African wild cat (AWC) to dedifferentiate within domestic cat (DSH) cytoplasts and to support early development after nuclear transplantation. In experiment 1, distributions of AWC and DSH fibroblasts in each cell-cycle phase were assessed by flow cytometry using cells cultured to confluency and disaggregated with pronase, trypsin, or mechanical separation. Trypsin (89.0%) and pronase (93.0%) yielded higher proportions of AWC nuclei in the G0/G1 phase than mechanical separation (82.0%). In contrast, mechanical separation yielded higher percentages of DSH nuclei in the G0/G1 phase (86.6%) than pronase (79.7%) or trypsin (74.2%) treatments. In both species, pronase induced less DNA damage than trypsin. In experiment 2, the effects of serum starvation, culture to confluency, and exposure to roscovitine on the distribution of AWC and DSH fibroblasts in various phases of the cell cycle were determined. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that the dynamics of the cell cycle varied as culture conditions were modified. Specifically, a higher percentage of AWC and DSH nuclei were in the G0/G1 phase after cells were serum starved (83% vs. 96%) than were present in cycling cells (50% vs. 64%), after contact inhibition (61% vs. 88%), or after roscovitine (56% vs. 84%) treatment, respectively. In experiment 3, we evaluated the effects of cell synchronization and oocyte maturation (in vivo vs. in vitro) on the reconstruction and development of AWC-DSH- and DSH-DSH-cloned embryos. The method of cell synchronization did not affect the fusion and cleavage rate because only a slightly higher percentage of fused couplets cleaved when donor nuclei were synchronized by serum starvation (83.0%) than after roscovitine (80.0%) or contact-inhibition (80.0%). The fusion efficiency of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes used as recipient cytoplasts of AWC donor nuclei (86.6% vs. 85.2%) was similar to the rates obtained with DSH donor nuclei, 83.7% vs. 73.0%, respectively. The only significant effect of source of donor nucleus (AWC vs. DSH) was on the rate of blastocyst formation in vitro. A higher percentage of the embryos derived from AWC nuclei developed to the blastocyst stage than did embryos produced from DSH nuclei, 24.2% vs. 3.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). In experiment 4, the effect of calcium in the fusion medium on induction of oocyte activation and development of AWC-DSH-cloned embryos was determined. The presence of calcium in the fusion medium induced a high incidence of cleavage of DSH oocytes (54.3%), while oocyte cleavage frequency was much lower in the absence of calcium (16.6%). The presence or absence of calcium in the fusion medium did not affect the fusion, cleavage, and blastocyst development of AWC-DSH-cloned embryos. In experiment 5, AWC-DSH-cloned embryos were transferred to the uteri of 11 synchronized domestic cat recipients on Day 6 or 7 after oocyte aspiration. Recipients were assessed by ultrasonography on Day 21 postovulation, but no pregnancies were observed. In the present study, after NT, AWC donor nuclei were able to dedifferentiate in DSH cytoplasts and support high rates of blastocyst development in vitro. Incomplete reprogramming of the differentiated nucleus may be a major constraint to the in vivo developmental potential of the embryos.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology of Reproduction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449","issn":"00063363","usgsCitation":"Gomez, M., Jenkins, J., Giraldo, A., Harris, R., King, A., Dresser, B., and Pope, C., 2003, Nuclear transfer of synchronized African wild cat somatic cells into enucleated domestic cat oocytes: Biology of Reproduction, v. 69, no. 3, p. 1032-1041, https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449.","startPage":"1032","endPage":"1041","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487503,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449"},{"id":236062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68d3e4b0c8380cd739fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez, M.C.","contributorId":67704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, J.A. 0000-0002-5087-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":51703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giraldo, A.","contributorId":58826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giraldo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, R.F.","contributorId":66044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, A.","contributorId":68521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dresser, B.L.","contributorId":56841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dresser","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pope, C.E.","contributorId":96064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025164,"text":"70025164 - 2003 - Processing watershed-derived nitrogen in a well-flushed New England estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025164","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing watershed-derived nitrogen in a well-flushed New England estuary","docAbstract":"Isotopically labeled nitrate (15NO3-) was added continuously to the Rowley estuary, Massachusetts, for 22 d to assess the transport, uptake, and cycling of terrestrially derived nitrogen during a period of high river discharge and low phytoplankton activity. Isotopic enrichment of the 3.5-km tidal prism (150,000 m3) was achieved for the 3 weeks and allowed us to construct a nitrogen mass balance model for the upper estuary. Mean ??15NO3- in the estuary ranged from 300??? to 600???, and approximately 75%-80% of the 15N was exported conservatively as 15NO 3- to the coastal ocean. Essentially all of the 20%-25% of the 15N processed in the estuary occurred in the benthos and was evenly split between direct denitrification and autotrophic assimilation. The lack of water-column 15N uptake was attributed to low phytoplankton stocks and short water residence times (1.2-1.4 d). Uptake of water-column NO3- by benthic autotrophs (enriched in excess of 100???) was a function of NO3- concentration and satisfied up to 15% and 25% of the total nitrogen demand for benthic microalgae and macroalgae, respectively. Approximately 10% of tracer assimilated by benthic autotrophs was mineralized and released back to the water column as 15NH4+. By the end of the study, 15N storage in sediments and marsh macrophytes accounted for 50%-70% of the 15N assimilated in the estuary. These compartments may sequester watershed-derived nitrogen in the estuary for time scales of months to years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Tobias, C., Cieri, M., Peterson, B.J., Deegan, L.A., Vallino, J., and Hughes, J., 2003, Processing watershed-derived nitrogen in a well-flushed New England estuary: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 5, p. 1766-1778.","startPage":"1766","endPage":"1778","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dc6e4b0c8380cd7ee09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tobias, C.R.","contributorId":9442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cieri, M.","contributorId":97299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cieri","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, B. J.","contributorId":53749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deegan, Linda A.","contributorId":34094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deegan","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27818,"text":"The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Hole, MA 02543.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vallino, J.","contributorId":22549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallino","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hughes, J.","contributorId":83725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025160,"text":"70025160 - 2003 - Stochastic Ground Water Flow Simulation with a Fracture Zone Continuum Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025160","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic Ground Water Flow Simulation with a Fracture Zone Continuum Model","docAbstract":"A method is presented for incorporating the hydraulic effects of vertical fracture zones into two-dimensional cell-based continuum models of ground water flow and particle tracking. High hydraulic conductivity features are used in the model to represent fracture zones. For fracture zones that are not coincident with model rows or columns, an adjustment is required for the hydraulic conductivity value entered into the model cells to compensate for the longer flowpath through the model grid. A similar adjustment is also required for simulated travel times through model cells. A travel time error of less than 8% can occur for particles moving through fractures with certain orientations. The fracture zone continuum model uses stochastically generated fracture zone networks and Monte Carlo analysis to quantify uncertainties with simulated advective travel times. An approach is also presented for converting an equivalent continuum model into a fracture zone continuum model by establishing the contribution of matrix block transmissivity to the bulk transmissivity of the aquifer. The methods are used for a case study in west-central Florida to quantify advective travel times from a potential wetland rehydration site to a municipal supply wellfield. Uncertainties in advective travel times are assumed to result from the presence of vertical fracture zones, commonly observed on aerial photographs as photolineaments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02397.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C., 2003, Stochastic Ground Water Flow Simulation with a Fracture Zone Continuum Model: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 587-601, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02397.x.","startPage":"587","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209419,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02397.x"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9846e4b08c986b31bf49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025155,"text":"70025155 - 2003 - Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:53:17","indexId":"70025155","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), an additive used to oxygenate gasoline, has been detected in lakes in northwestern New Jersey. This occurrence has been attributed to the use of gasoline-powered watercraft. This paper documents and explains both seasonal and daily variations in MTBE concentrations at Cranberry Lake. During a recent boating season (late April to September 1999), concentrations of MTBE typically exceeded 20 μg/L. MTBE concentrations varied daily from 12 to 24 μg/L over a 2-week period that included the Labor Day holiday. Concentrations were highest on weekends when there is more boat traffic, which had an immediate effect on MTBE mass throughout the lake. MTBE concentrations decreased to about 2 μg/L shortly after the end of the summer recreational season. The loss of MTBE can be accounted for by volatilization, with a half-life on the order of 10 days. The volatilization rate was modeled with the daily decrease in MTBE then the modeled rate was validated using the data from the seasonal decline.
We estimated survivorship, recapture probabilities and recovery rates in a threatened population of Flattened Musk Turtles (Sternotherus depressus) through a disease outbreak in Alabama in 1985. We evaluated a set of models for the demographic effects of disease by analyzing recaptures and recoveries simultaneously. Multiple-model inference suggested survival was temporally dynamic, whereas recapture probability was sex- and age-specifc. Biweekly survivorship declined from 98-99% before to 82-88% during the outbreak. Live recapture was twice as likely for male turtles relative to juveniles or females, whereas dead recoveries varied only slightly by sex and age. Our results suggest modest reduction in survival over a relatively short time period may severely affect population status.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Fonnesbeck, C., and Dodd, C., 2003, Estimation of Flattened Musk Turtle (Sternotherus depressus) survival, recapture, and recovery rate during and after a disease outbreak: Journal of Herpetology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 602-607.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"602","endPage":"607","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1566072"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b75e4b0c8380cd52722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fonnesbeck, C.J.","contributorId":41381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonnesbeck","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025151,"text":"70025151 - 2003 - Comparison of heat and bromide as ground-water tracers near streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:37:37","indexId":"70025151","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of heat and bromide as ground-water tracers near streams","docAbstract":"Heat and bromide were compared as tracers for examining stream/ground water exchanges along the middle reaches of the Santa Clara River, California, during a 10-hour surface water sodium bromide injection test. Three cross sections that comprise six shallow (<1 m) piezometers were installed at the upper, middle, and lower sections of a 17 km long study reach, to monitor temperatures and bromide concentrations in the shallow ground water beneath the stream. A heat and ground water transport simulation model and a closely related solute and ground water transport simulation model were matched up for comparison of simulated and observed temperatures and bromide concentrations in the streambed. Vertical, one-dimensional simulations of sediment temperature were fitted to observed temperature results, to yield apparent streambed hydraulic conductivities in each cross section. The temperature-based hydraulic conductivities were assigned to a solute and ground water transport model to predict sediment bromide concentrations, during the sodium bromide injection test. Vertical, one-dimensional simulations of bromide concentrations in the sediments yielded a good match to the observed bromide concentrations, without adjustment of any model parameters except solute dispersivities. This indicates that, for the spatial and temporal scales examined on the Santa Clara River, the use of heat and bromide as tracers provide comparable information with respect to apparent hydraulic conductivities and fluxes for sediments near streams. In other settings, caution should be used due to differences in the nature of conservative (bromide) versus nonconservative (heat) tracers, particularly when preferential flowpaths are present.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Cox, M., and Su, G., 2003, Comparison of heat and bromide as ground-water tracers near streams: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 647-656, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"656","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara River","volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f842e4b0c8380cd4cf9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, J.","contributorId":29953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, M.H.","contributorId":34306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Su, G.W.","contributorId":23314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025147,"text":"70025147 - 2003 - Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025147","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density","docAbstract":"We developed a movement model to examine the distribution and survival of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in a reservoir subject to large spatial and temporal variation in dissolved oxygen and temperature. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were simulated by a CE-QUAL-W2 model of Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho for a typical wet, normal, and dry hydrologic year. We compared current water quality conditions to scenarios with reduced nutrient inputs to the reservoir. White sturgeon habitat quality was modeled as a function of temperature, dissolved oxygen and, in some cases, suitability for foraging and depth. We assigned a quality index to each cell along the bottom of the reservoir. The model simulated two aspects of daily movement. Advective movement simulated the tendency for animals to move toward areas with high habitat quality, and diffusion simulated density dependent movement away from areas with high sturgeon density in areas with non-lethal habitat conditions. Mortality resulted when sturgeon were unable to leave areas with lethal temperature or dissolved oxygen conditions. Water quality was highest in winter and early spring and lowest in mid to late summer. Limiting nutrient inputs reduced the area of Brownlee Reservoir with lethal conditions for sturgeon and raised the average habitat suitability throughout the reservoir. Without movement, simulated white sturgeon survival ranged between 45 and 89%. Allowing movement raised the predicted survival of sturgeon under all conditions to above 90% as sturgeon avoided areas with low habitat quality. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A., Jager, H., and Myers, R., 2003, Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density: Ecological Modelling, v. 167, no. 1-2, p. 97-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8.","startPage":"97","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8"},{"id":236211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c5ee4b0c8380cd6fc2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, A.B.","contributorId":17030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jager, H.I.","contributorId":99734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jager","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, R.","contributorId":80060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025144,"text":"70025144 - 2003 - Paleoseismicity of two historically quiescent faults in Australia: Implications for fault behavior in stable continental regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:50:00.414375","indexId":"70025144","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismicity of two historically quiescent faults in Australia: Implications for fault behavior in stable continental regions","docAbstract":"Paleoseismic studies of two historically aseismic Quaternary faults in Australia confirm that cratonic faults in stable continental regions (SCR) typically have a long-term behavior characterized by episodes of activity separated by quiescent intervals of at least 10,000 and commonly 100,000 years or more. Studies of the approximately 30-km-long Roopena fault in South Australia and the approximately 30-km-long Hyden fault in Western Australia document multiple Quaternary surface-faulting events that are unevenly spaced in time. The episodic clustering of events on cratonic SCR faults may be related to temporal fluctuations of fault-zone fluid pore pressures in a volume of strained crust. The long-term slip rate on cratonic SCR faults is extremely low, so the geomorphic expression of many cratonic SCR faults is subtle, and scarps may be difficult to detect because they are poorly preserved. Both the Roopena and Hyden faults are in areas of limited or no significant seismicity; these and other faults that we have studied indicate that many potentially hazardous SCR faults cannot be recognized solely on the basis of instrumental data or historical earthquakes. Although cratonic SCR faults may appear to be nonhazardous because they have been historically aseismic, those that are favorably oriented for movement in the current stress field can and have produced unexpected damaging earthquakes. Paleoseismic studies of modern and prehistoric SCR faulting events provide the basis for understanding of the long-term behavior of these faults and ultimately contribute to better seismic-hazard assessments.
We investigate the performance of a source location method that combines multichannel semblance and particle motions and is being increasingly used to obtain estimates of the source locations of very long period (VLP) seismic signals recorded on volcanoes. The method makes use of the radial particle motions and large wavelengths that characterize the VLP events. To assess the capabilities of this radial semblance method, and to better understand its limitations, we quantify the effects of window length, noise contents of the signal, inaccurate velocity models, receiver coverage, and orientation errors in the horizontal components of the receivers. Our results show that the semblance method performs best when (1) the noise level is low enough to allow a good characterization of the waveforms, (2) the sources are located at distances between one half of the average receiver spacing and about two times the network aperture, and (3) the orientations of the horizontal components of the seismometers are known with relative accuracy. When these requirements are met, the radial semblance method constitutes an adequate tool to obtain preliminary locations of VLP volcanic signals recorded by broadband networks. Moreover, we provide a formula to determine the radial semblance level that should be used to define error regions associated to the estimated source locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020143","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., and Chouet, B., 2003, Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 5, p. 1890-1903, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020143.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1890","endPage":"1903","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7690e4b0c8380cd781ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025142,"text":"70025142 - 2003 - Sand ridges off Sarasota, Florida: A complex facies boundary on a low-energy inner shelf environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T11:46:40","indexId":"70025142","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand ridges off Sarasota, Florida: A complex facies boundary on a low-energy inner shelf environment","docAbstract":"The innermost shelf off Sarasota, Florida was mapped using sidescan-sonar imagery, seismic-reflection profiles, surface sediment samples, and short cores to define the transition between an onshore siliciclastic sand province and an offshore carbonate province and to identify the processes controlling the distribution of these distinctive facies. The transition between these facies is abrupt and closely tied to the morphology of the inner shelf. A series of low-relief nearly shore-normal ridges characterize the inner shelf. Stratigraphically, the ridges are separated from the underlying Pleistocene and Tertiary carbonate strata by the Holocene ravinement surface. While surficial sediment is fine to very-fine siliciclastic sand on the southeastern sides of the ridges and shell hash covers their northwestern sides, the cores of these Holocene deposits are a mixture of both of these facies. Along the southeastern edges of the ridges the facies boundary coincides with the discontinuity that separates the ridge deposits from the underlying strata. The transition from siliciclastic to carbonate sediment on the northwestern sides of the ridges is equally abrupt, but it falls along the crests of the ridges rather than at their edges. Here the facies transition lies within the Holocene deposit, and appears to be the result of sediment reworking by modern processes. This facies distribution primarily appears to result from south-flowing currents generated during winter storms that winnow the fine siliciclastic sediment from the troughs and steeper northwestern sides of the ridges. A coarse shell lag is left armoring the steeper northwestern sides of the ridges, and the fine sediment is deposited on the gentler southeastern sides of the ridges. This pronounced partitioning of the surficial sediment appears to be the result of the siliciclastic sand being winnowed and transported by these currents while the carbonate shell hash falls below the threshold of sediment movement and is left as a lag. The resulting facies boundaries on this low-energy, sediment-starved inner continental shelf are of two origins which both are tied to the remarkably subtle ridge morphology. Along the southeastern sides of the ridges the facies boundary coincides with a stratigraphic discontinuity that separates Holocene from the older deposits while the transition along the northwestern sides of the ridges is within the Holocene deposit and is the result of sediment redistribution by modern processes. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00185-3","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Brooks, G.L., Gelfenbaum, G., Paskevich, V., and Donahue, B., 2003, Sand ridges off Sarasota, Florida: A complex facies boundary on a low-energy inner shelf environment: Marine Geology, v. 200, no. 1-4, p. 243-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00185-3.","startPage":"243","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00185-3"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b869ce4b08c986b31602d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.","contributorId":53144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Gillian L.","contributorId":31033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Gillian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paskevich, V.","contributorId":61583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskevich","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donahue, Brian","contributorId":22951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donahue","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":403984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025138,"text":"70025138 - 2003 - Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025138","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska","docAbstract":"Loess is one of the most widespread subaerial deposits in Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory and may have a history that goes back 3 Ma. Based on mineralogy and major and trace element chemistry, central Alaskan loess has a composition that is distinctive from other loess bodies of the world, although it is quartz-dominated. Central Alaskan loess was probably derived from a variety of rock types, including granites, metabasalts and schists. Detailed stratigraphic data and pedologic criteria indicate that, contrary to early studies, many palaeosols are present in central Alaskan loess sections. The buried soils indicate that loess sedimentation was episodic, or at least rates of deposition decreased to the point where pedogenesis could keep ahead of aeolian input. As in China, loess deposition and pedogenesis are likely competing processes and neither stops completely during either phase of the loess/soil formation cycle. Loess deposition in central Alaska took place before, and probably during the last interglacial period, during stadials of the mid-Wisconsin period, during the last glacial period and during the Holocene. An unexpected result of our geochronological studies is that only moderate loess deposition took place during the last glacial period. Our studies lead us to conclude that vegetation plays a key role in loess accumulation in Alaska. Factors favouring loess production are enhanced during glacial periods but factors that favour loess accumulation are diminished during glacial periods. The most important of these is vegetation; boreal forest serves as an effective loess trap, but sparsely distributed herb tundra does not. Thus, thick accumulations of loess should not be expected where tundra vegetation was dominant and this is borne out by modern studies near the treeline in central Alaska. Much of the stratigraphic diversity of North American loess, including that found in the Central Lowlands, the Great Plains, and Alaska is explained by a new model that emphasizes the relative importance of loess production factors versus loess accumulation factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Ager, T.A., Bettis, E., McGeehin, J., Been, J., Beget, J.E., Pavich, M., Stafford, T.W., and Stevens, D., 2003, Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, no. 18-19, p. 1947-1986, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7.","startPage":"1947","endPage":"1986","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7"},{"id":236060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"18-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99ace4b08c986b31c542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Been, J.M.","contributorId":26685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beget, J. E.","contributorId":63392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stafford, Thomas W. Jr.","contributorId":21283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stevens, D.A.S.P.","contributorId":21330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"D.A.S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70025132,"text":"70025132 - 2003 - The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T21:12:50.243944","indexId":"70025132","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust","docAbstract":"The northward migration of the Mendocino triple junction has resulted in a fundamental modification of the crust of coastal California. As a consequence of viscous coupling between the southern edge of the Gorda slab and the base of the North American crust beneath the Coast Ranges of central and northern California, the crust of coastal California was first thickened and then thinned. This viscous coupling and ephemeral crustal thickening has produced a distinctive pattern of uplift that allows us to map the three-dimensional extent of crustal modification. This pattern of crustal deformation has combined with the strain field of the developing San Andreas fault system to produce the observed pattern of near-surface deformation. The rapid rise in heat flow south of the triple junction observed in the northern Coast Ranges is a direct consequence of development and removal of the crustal welt that migrated with the triple junction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.45.9.767","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Furlong, K., Lock, J., Guzofski, C., Whitlock, J., and Benz, H., 2003, The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 9, p. 767-779, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.45.9.767.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"779","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mendocino Triple Junction","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 39.26628442213066\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7e0e4b08c986b321868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, K.P.","contributorId":35490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lock, J.","contributorId":40784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lock","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guzofski, C.","contributorId":18950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzofski","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlock, J.","contributorId":36732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benz, H.","contributorId":61953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025131,"text":"70025131 - 2003 - Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European Craton: Implications for the subsidence of the Russian platform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025131","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European Craton: Implications for the subsidence of the Russian platform","docAbstract":"A new mechanism for Paleozoic subsidence of the Russian, or East European, platform is suggested, since a model of lithosphere tilting during the Uralian subduction does not explain the post-Uralian sedimentation record. Alternatively, I propose that the Proterozoic and Paleozoic rifting (when a platform-scale Central Russia rift system and a set of Paleozoic rifts were formed) modified the structure and composition of cratonic lithosphere, and these tectono-magmatic events are responsible for the post-Uralian subsidence of the Russian platform. To support this hypothesis, (a) the thermal regime and the thickness of the lithosphere are analyzed, and (b) lithospheric density variations of non-thermal origin are calculated from free-board constraints. The results indicate that Proterozoic and Paleozoic rifting had different effects on the lithospheric structure and composition. (1) Proterozoic rifting is not reflected in the present thermal regime and did not cause significant lithosphere thinning (most of the Russian platform has lithospheric thickness of 150-180 km and the lithosphere of the NE Baltic Shield is 250-300 km thick). Paleozoic rifting resulted in pronounced lithospheric thinning (to 120-140 km) in the southern parts of the Russian platform. (2) Lithospheric density anomalies suggest that Proterozoic-Paleozoic rifting played an important role in the platform subsidence. The lithospheric mantle of the Archean-early Proterozoic part of the Baltic Shield is ??? 1.4 ?? 0.2% less dense than the typical Phanerozoic upper mantle. However, the density deficit in the subcrustal lithosphere of most of the Russian platform is only about (0.4-0.8) ?? 0.2% and decreases southwards to ???0%. Increased densities (likely associated with low depletion values) in the Russian platform suggest strong metasomatism of the cratonic lithosphere during rifting events, which led to its subsidence. It is proposed that only the lower part of the cratonic lithosphere was metasomatized as a result of Proterozoic rifting; the boundary between a depleted upper and more fertile lower layers can be at ca. 90-150 km depth and can produce a seismic pattern similar to the top of a seismic low-velocity zone. Paleozoic rifting has modified the entire lithospheric column and the regions affected are still subsiding. Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00327-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Artemieva, I., 2003, Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European Craton: Implications for the subsidence of the Russian platform: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 213, no. 3-4, p. 431-446, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00327-3.","startPage":"431","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478512,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/49250885/2003_EPSL_EEC_Art.PDF","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00327-3"},{"id":235952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"213","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48a1e4b0c8380cd67fda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artemieva, I.M.","contributorId":71728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artemieva","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025130,"text":"70025130 - 2003 - A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025130","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes","docAbstract":"Large sustained well water level changes (>10 cm) in response to distant (more than hundreds of kilometers) earthquakes have proven enigmatic for over 30 years. Here we use high sampling rates at a well near Grants Pass, Oregon, to perform the first simultaneous analysis of both the dynamic response of water level and sustained changes, or steps. We observe a factor of 40 increase in the ratio of water level amplitude to seismic wave ground velocity during a sudden coseismic step. On the basis of this observation we propose a new model for coseismic pore pressure steps in which a temporary barrier deposited by groundwater flow is entrained and removed by the more rapid flow induced by the seismic waves. In hydrothermal areas, this mechanism could lead to 4 ?? 10-2 MPa pressure changes and triggered seismicity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brodsky, E.E., Roeloffs, E., Woodcock, D., Gall, I., and Manga, M., 2003, A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 8.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e44be4b0c8380cd4656e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brodsky, E. E.","contributorId":108285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodcock, D.","contributorId":70261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodcock","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gall, I.","contributorId":12753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gall","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manga, M.","contributorId":39261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manga","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025126,"text":"70025126 - 2003 - An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:35:43","indexId":"70025126","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability","docAbstract":"A predominant cause of dispersion in groundwater is advective mixing due to variability in seepage rates. Hydraulic conductivity variations have been extensively researched as a cause of this seepage variability. In this paper the effect of variations in surface recharge to a shallow surficial aquifer is investigated as an important additional effect. An analytical formulation has been developed that relates aquifer parameters and the statistics of recharge variability to increases in the dispersivity. This is accomplished by solving Fourier transforms of the small perturbation forms of the groundwater flow equations. Two field studies are presented in this paper to determine the statistics of recharge variability for input to the analytical formulation. A time series of water levels at a continuous groundwater recorder is used to investigate the temporal statistics of hydraulic head caused by recharge, and a series of infiltrometer measurements are used to define the spatial variability in the recharge parameters. With these field statistics representing head fluctuations due to recharge, the analytical formulation can be used to compute the dispersivity without an explicit representation of the recharge boundary. Results from a series of numerical experiments are used to define the limits of this analytical formulation and to provide some comparison. A sophisticated model has been developed using a particle‐tracking algorithm (modified to account for temporal variations) to estimate groundwater dispersion. Dispersivity increases of 9 percent are indicated by the analytical formulation for the aquifer at the field site. A comparison with numerical model results indicates that the analytical results are reasonable for shallow surficial aquifers in which two‐dimensional flow can be assumed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001821","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., and Chin, D.A., 2003, An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 9, p. 17-1-17-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001821.","productDescription":"Article 1271; 8 p.","startPage":"17-1","endPage":"17-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f7e4b0c8380cd48567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chin, David A.","contributorId":76011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025117,"text":"70025117 - 2003 - Groundwater flow, heat transport, and water table position within volcanic edifices: Implications for volcanic processes in the Cascade Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025117","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater flow, heat transport, and water table position within volcanic edifices: Implications for volcanic processes in the Cascade Range","docAbstract":"The position of the water table within a volcanic edifice has significant implications for volcano hazards, geothermal energy, and epithermal mineralization. We have modified the HYDROTHERM numerical simulator to allow for a free-surface (water table) upper boundary condition and a wide range of recharge rates, heat input rates, and thermodynamic conditions representative of continental volcano-hydrothermal systems. An extensive set of simulations was performed on a hypothetical stratovolcano system with unconfined groundwater flow. Simulation results suggest that the permeability structure of the volcanic edifice and underlying material is the dominant control on water table elevation and the distribution of pressures, temperatures, and fluid phases at depth. When permeabilities are isotropic, water table elevation decreases with increasing heat flux and increases with increasing recharge, but when permeabilities are anisotropic, these effects can be much less pronounced. Several conditions facilitate the ascent of a hydrothermal plume into a volcanic edifice: a sufficient source of heat and magmatic volatiles at depth, strong buoyancy forces, and a relatively weak topography-driven flow system. Further, the plume must be connected to a deep heat source through a pathway with a time-averaged effective permeability ???1 ?? 10-16 m2, which may be maintained by frequent seismicity. Topography-driven flow may be retarded by low permeability in the edifice and/or the lack of precipitation recharge; in the latter case, the water table may be relatively deep. Simulation results were compared with observations from the Quaternary stratovolcanoes along the Cascade Range of the western United States to infer hydrothermal processes within the edifices. Extensive ice caps on many Cascade Range stratovolcanoes may restrict recharge on the summits and uppermost flanks. Both the simulation results and limited observational data allow for the possibility that the water table beneath the stratovolcanoes is relatively deep.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Kipp, K., Ingebritsen, S.E., and Reid, M., 2003, Groundwater flow, heat transport, and water table position within volcanic edifices: Implications for volcanic processes in the Cascade Range: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 12.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da3e4b0c8380cd5bf73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kipp, K.L.","contributorId":96715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025850,"text":"70025850 - 2003 - Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:21:33","indexId":"70025850","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Norman, Oklahoma, municipal landfill closed in 1985 after 63 years of operation, because it was identified as a point source of hazardous leachate composed of organic and inorganic compounds. The landfill is located on the floodplain of the Canadian River, a sand-bed river characterized by erodible channel boundaries and by large variation in mean monthly discharges. In 1986, floodwaters eroded riprap protection at the southern end of the landfill and penetrated the landfill's clay cap, thereby exposing the landfill contents. The impact of this moderate-magnitude flood event (Q12) was the catalyst to investigate erosion hazards at the Norman landfill. This geomorphic investigation analyzed floodplain geomorphology and historical channel changes, flood-frequency distributions, an erosion threshold, the geomorphic effectiveness of discharge events, and other factors that influence erosion hazards at the landfill site. The erosion hazard at the Norman landfill is a function of the location of the landfill with respect to the channel thalweg, erosional resistance of the channel margins, magnitude and duration of discrete discharge events, channel form and hydraulic geometry, and cumulative effects related to a series of discharge events. Based on current climatic conditions and historical channel changes, a minimum erosion threshold is set at bankfull discharge (Q = 572 m3/s). The annual probability of exceeding this threshold is 0.53. In addition, this analysis indicates that peak stream power is less informative than total energy expenditures when estimating the erosion potential or geomorphic effectiveness of discrete discharge events. On the Canadian River, long-duration, moderate-magnitude floods can have larger total energy expenditures than shorter-duration, high-magnitude floods and therefore represent the most serious erosion hazard to floodplain structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.2113/9.3.241","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J.A., and Whitney, J.W., 2003, Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 9, no. 3, p. 241-252, https://doi.org/10.2113/9.3.241.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"252","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208632,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/9.3.241"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a277de4b0c8380cd5992f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-7766-994X jacurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jacurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, John W. 0000-0003-3824-3692 jwhitney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3692","contributorId":804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"John","email":"jwhitney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025845,"text":"70025845 - 2003 - A triangular model of dimensionless runoff producing rainfall hyetographs in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:03:30.763042","indexId":"70025845","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A triangular model of dimensionless runoff producing rainfall hyetographs in Texas","docAbstract":"A synthetic triangular hyetograph for a large data base of Texas rainfall and runoff is needed. A hyetograph represents the temporal distribution of rainfall intensity at a point or over a watershed during a storm. Synthetic hyetographs are estimates of the expected time distribution for a design storm and principally are used in small watershed hydraulic structure design. A data base of more than 1,600 observed cumulative hyetographs that produced runoff from 91 small watersheds (generally less than about 50 km2) was used to provide statistical parameters for a simple triangular shaped hyetograph model. The model provides an estimate of the average hyetograph in dimensionless form for storm durations of 0 to 24 hours and 24 to 72 hours. As a result of this study, the authors concluded that the expected dimensionless cumulative hyetographs of 0 to 12 hour and 12 to 24 hour durations were sufficiently similar to be combined with minimal information loss. The analysis also suggests that dimensionless cumulative hyetographs are independent of the frequency level or return period of total storm depth and thus are readily used for many design applications. The two triangular hyetographs presented are intended to enhance small watershed design practice in applicable parts of Texas.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04415.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W., Bumgarner, J., and Fahlquist, L., 2003, A triangular model of dimensionless runoff producing rainfall hyetographs in Texas: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 4, p. 911-921, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04415.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"911","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.04150390625,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -103.11767578124999,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -106.12792968749999,\n 31.372399104880525\n ],\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -104.47998046875,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -102.41455078125,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -101.1181640625,\n 29.668962525992505\n ],\n [\n -99.86572265625,\n 27.702983735525862\n ],\n [\n -99.20654296875,\n 26.667095801104814\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -97.05322265625,\n 26.017297563851745\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 27.430289738862594\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 29.017748018496047\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 30.845647420182598\n ],\n [\n -93.58154296875,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -93.9990234375,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.37641235124676\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 33.96158628979907\n ],\n [\n -96.87744140625,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 34.17999758688084\n ],\n [\n -99.95361328125,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -100.04150390625,\n 36.527294814546245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e606e4b0c8380cd470e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, W.H.","contributorId":87980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, J.R.","contributorId":87343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fahlquist, L.S.","contributorId":34304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}