{"pageNumber":"1104","pageRowStart":"27575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165473,"records":[{"id":70155909,"text":"70155909 - 2016 - Will it rise or will it fall? Managing the complex effects of urbanization on base flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T11:18:17","indexId":"70155909","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Will it rise or will it fall? Managing the complex effects of urbanization on base flow","docAbstract":"Sustaining natural levels of base flow is critical to maintaining ecological function as stream catchments are urbanized. Research shows a variable response of stream base flow to urbanization, with base flow or water tables rising in some locations, falling in others, or elsewhere remaining constant. The variable baseflow response is due to the array of natural (e.g., physiographic setting and climate) and anthropogenic (e.g., urban development and infrastructure) factors that influence hydrology. Perhaps as a consequence of this complexity, few simple tools exist to assist managers to predict baseflow change in their local urban area. This paper addresses this management need by presenting a decision support tool. The tool considers the natural vulnerability of the landscape, together with aspects of urban development in predicting the likelihood and direction of baseflow change. Where the tool identifies a likely increase or decrease it guides managers toward strategies that can reduce or increase groundwater recharge, respectively. Where the tool finds an equivocal result, it suggests a detailed water balance be performed. The decision support tool is embedded within an adaptive-management framework that encourages managers to define their ecological objectives, assess the vulnerability of their ecological objectives to changes in water table height, and monitor baseflow responses to urbanization. We trial our framework using two very different case studies: Perth, Western Australia, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Together, these studies show how pre-development water table height, climate and geology together with aspects of urban infrastructure (e.g., stormwater practices, leaky pipes) interact such that urbanization has overall led to rising base flow (Perth) and falling base flow (Baltimore). Greater consideration of subsurface components of the water cycle will help to protect and restore the ecology of urban freshwaters.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/685084","usgsCitation":"Bhaskar, A., Beesley, L., Burns, M.J., Fletcher, T.D., Hamel, P., Oldham, C., and Roy, A.H., 2016, Will it rise or will it fall? Managing the complex effects of urbanization on base flow: Freshwater Science, v. 35, no. 1, p. 293-310, https://doi.org/10.1086/685084.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"310","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064036","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/685084","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, United States","state":"Maryland, Western Australia","city":"Baltimore, Perth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.79855346679688,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -76.79855346679688,\n 39.41073305508498\n ],\n [\n -76.41403198242188,\n 39.41073305508498\n ],\n [\n -76.41403198242188,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -76.79855346679688,\n 39.12153746241925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 114.9609375,\n -32.43561304116276\n ],\n [\n 114.9609375,\n -30.939924331023445\n ],\n [\n 116.993408203125,\n -30.939924331023445\n ],\n [\n 116.993408203125,\n -32.43561304116276\n ],\n [\n 114.9609375,\n -32.43561304116276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3bb3e4b07ca61bfe3bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhaskar, Aditi abhaskar@usgs.gov","contributorId":146249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhaskar","given":"Aditi","email":"abhaskar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beesley, Leah","contributorId":146250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beesley","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16644,"text":"Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Matthew J.","contributorId":146251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16645,"text":"Waterway Ecosystem Research Group, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, T. D.","contributorId":146252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16646,"text":"Waterway Ecosystem Research Group, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley 3121, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamel, Perrine","contributorId":146253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamel","given":"Perrine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16647,"text":"Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oldham, Carolyn","contributorId":146254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldham","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16648,"text":"School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Clayton 3800, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
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","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Ballmann, A., Bodenstein, B., Dusek, R.J., Grear, D.A., Chipault, J.G., and Magagna, M., 2016, USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report July 2015 to September 2015: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, no. January 2016, p. 3-5.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071078","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314944,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Resources/Publications/Newsletter/Archive"},{"id":314945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"January 2016","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3bb3e4b07ca61bfe3bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":140319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":139354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara L.","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":152316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grear, Daniel A. 0000-0002-5478-1549 dgrear@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1549","contributorId":149047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grear","given":"Daniel","email":"dgrear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chipault, Jennifer G. 0000-0002-1368-622X jchipault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-622X","contributorId":4765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipault","given":"Jennifer","email":"jchipault@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Magagna, Michelle","contributorId":152317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magagna","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162539,"text":"70162539 - 2016 - Hyperspectral narrowband and multispectral broadband indices for remote sensing of crop evapotranspiration and its components (transpiration and soil evaporation)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T09:53:21","indexId":"70162539","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hyperspectral narrowband and multispectral broadband indices for remote sensing of crop evapotranspiration and its components (transpiration and soil evaporation)","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of micro- and macro-scale climatic processes. In agriculture, estimates of ET are frequently used to monitor droughts, schedule irrigation, and assess crop water productivity over large areas. Currently, in situ measurements of ET are difficult to scale up for regional applications, so remote sensing technology has been increasingly used to estimate crop ET. Ratio-based vegetation indices retrieved from optical remote sensing, like the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, and Enhanced Vegetation Index are critical components of these models, particularly for the partitioning of ET into transpiration and soil evaporation. These indices have their limitations, however, and can induce large model bias and error. In this study, micrometeorological and spectroradiometric data collected over two growing seasons in cotton, maize, and rice fields in the Central Valley of California were used to identify spectral wavelengths from 428 to 2295 nm that produced the highest correlation to and lowest error with ET, transpiration, and soil evaporation. The analysis was performed with hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) at 10 nm intervals and multispectral broadbands (MSBBs) commonly retrieved by Earth observation platforms. The study revealed that (1) HNB indices consistently explained more variability in ET (ΔR2 = 0.12), transpiration (ΔR2 = 0.17), and soil evaporation (ΔR2 = 0.14) than MSBB indices; (2) the relationship between transpiration using the ratio-based index most commonly used for ET modeling, NDVI, was strong (R2 = 0.51), but the hyperspectral equivalent was superior (R2 = 0.68); and (3) soil evaporation was not estimated well using ratio-based indices from the literature (highest R2 = 0.37), but could be after further evaluation, using ratio-based indices centered on 743 and 953 nm (R2 = 0.72) or 428 and 1518 nm (R2 = 0.69).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M.T., Thenkabail, P.S., Biggs, T., and Post, K., 2016, Hyperspectral narrowband and multispectral broadband indices for remote sensing of crop evapotranspiration and its components (transpiration and soil evaporation): Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 218-219, p. 122-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"134","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065032","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -121.201171875,\n 38.856820134743636\n ],\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -120.5419921875,\n 37.474858084971046\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 37.96152331396616\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -122.56347656249999,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 40.07807142745009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"218-219","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3bade4b07ca61bfe3bdb","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Marshall Michael, Thenkabail Prasad, Biggs Trent, Post Kirk","journalName":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","publicationDate":"3/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"12/8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Michael T. mmarshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":5480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Michael","email":"mmarshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggs, Trent","contributorId":152640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biggs","given":"Trent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Post, Kirk","contributorId":152641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"Kirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162515,"text":"70162515 - 2016 - Inhibition of Akt enhances the chemopreventive effects of topical rapamycin in mouse skin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T10:26:54","indexId":"70162515","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5047,"text":"Cancer Prevention Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inhibition of Akt enhances the chemopreventive effects of topical rapamycin in mouse skin","docAbstract":"The PI3Kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway has important roles in cancer development for multiple tumor types, including UV-induced non-melanoma skin cancer. Immunosuppressed populations are at increased risk of aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Individuals who are treated with rapamycin, (sirolimus, a classical mTOR inhibitor) have significantly decreased rates of developing new cutaneous SCCs compared to those that receive traditional immunosuppression. However, systemic rapamycin use can lead to significant adverse events. Here we explored the use of topical rapamycin as a chemopreventive agent in the context of solar simulated light (SSL)-induced skin carcinogenesis. In SKH-1 mice, topical rapamycin treatment decreased tumor yields when applied after completion of 15 weeks of SSL exposure compared to controls. However, applying rapamycin during SSL exposure for 15 weeks, and continuing for 10 weeks after UV treatment, increased tumor yields. We also examined whether a combinatorial approach might result in more significant tumor suppression by rapamycin. We validated that rapamycin causes increased Akt (S473) phosphorylation in the epidermis after SSL, and show for the first time that this dysregulation can be inhibited in vivo by a selective PDK1/Akt inhibitor, PHT-427. Combining rapamycin with PHT-427 on tumor prone skin additively caused a significant reduction of tumor multiplicity compared to vehicle controls. Our findings indicate that patients taking rapamycin should avoid sun exposure, and that combining topical mTOR inhibitors and Akt inhibitors may be a viable chemoprevention option for individuals at high risk for cutaneous SCC.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research","doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0419","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, S.E., Janda, J., Criswell, J., Blohm-Mangone, K., Olson, E.R., Liu, Z., Barber, C., Rusche, J.J., Petricoin, E., Calvert, V., Einspahr, J.G., Dickinson, J.E., Stratton, S.P., Curiel-Lewandrowski, C., Saboda, K., Hu, C., Bode, A.M., Dong, Z., Alberts, D.S., and Bowden, G.T., 2016, Inhibition of Akt enhances the chemopreventive effects of topical rapamycin in mouse skin: Cancer Prevention Research, v. 9, p. 215-224, https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0419.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070816","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4777684","text":"Publisher 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Timothy","contributorId":152567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowden","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":70162628,"text":"70162628 - 2016 - Elevational speciation in action? Restricted gene flow associated with adaptive divergence across an altitudinal gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T11:42:26","indexId":"70162628","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2273,"text":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevational speciation in action? Restricted gene flow associated with adaptive divergence across an altitudinal gradient","docAbstract":"Evolutionary theory predicts that divergent selection pressures across elevational gradients could cause adaptive divergence and reproductive isolation in the process of ecological speciation. Although there is substantial evidence for adaptive divergence across elevation, there is less evidence that this restricts gene flow. Previous work in the boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) has demonstrated adaptive divergence in morphological, life history and physiological traits across an elevational gradient from approximately 1500–3000 m in the Colorado Front Range, USA. We tested whether this adaptive divergence is associated with restricted gene flow across elevation – as would be expected if incipient speciation were occurring – and, if so, whether behavioural isolation contributes to reproductive isolation. Our analysis of 12 microsatellite loci in 797 frogs from 53 populations revealed restricted gene flow across elevation, even after controlling for geographic distance and topography. Calls also varied significantly across elevation in dominant frequency, pulse number and pulse duration, which was partly, but not entirely, due to variation in body size and temperature across elevation. However, call variation did not result in strong behavioural isolation: in phonotaxis experiments, low-elevation females tended to prefer an average low-elevation call over a high-elevation call, and vice versa for high-elevation females, but this trend was not statistically significant. In summary, our results show that adaptive divergence across elevation restricts gene flow in P. maculata, but the mechanisms for this potential incipient speciation remain open.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jeb.12760","usgsCitation":"Funk, W.C., Murphy, M., Hoke, K.L., Muths, E.L., Amburgey, S.M., Lemmon, E.M., and Lemmon, A.R., 2016, Elevational speciation in action? Restricted gene flow associated with adaptive divergence across an altitudinal gradient: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 241-252, https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12760.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"252","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068990","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12760","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Front Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.53466796874999,\n 38.78406349514289\n ],\n [\n -105.53466796874999,\n 40.60561205826018\n ],\n [\n -104.65576171875,\n 40.60561205826018\n ],\n [\n -104.65576171875,\n 38.78406349514289\n ],\n [\n -105.53466796874999,\n 38.78406349514289\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3bade4b07ca61bfe3bd8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/jeb.12760","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12760","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Funk W. C., Murphy M. A., Hoke K. L., Muths E., Amburgey S. M., Lemmon E. M., Lemmon A. R.","journalName":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","publicationDate":"10/1/2015","auditedOn":"10/5/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, W. C.","contributorId":140895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, M.A.","contributorId":65214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoke, K. L.","contributorId":152621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amburgey, Staci M.","contributorId":152622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amburgey","given":"Staci","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12754,"text":"Penn State University Altoona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lemmon, Emily M.","contributorId":152623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemmon","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lemmon, A. R.","contributorId":152624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemmon","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70162623,"text":"ofr20161012 - 2016 - Survival, movement, and health of hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers within a mesocosm in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T13:27:53","indexId":"ofr20161012","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1012","title":"Survival, movement, and health of hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers within a mesocosm in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"The recovery of endangered Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) in Upper Klamath Lake is limited by poor juvenile survival and failure to recruit into the adult population. Poor water quality, degradation of rearing habitat, and toxic levels of microcystin are hypothesized to contribute to low juvenile survival. Studies of wild juvenile suckers are limited in that capture rates are low and compromised individuals are rarely captured in passive nets. The goal of this study was to assess the use of a mesocosm for learning about juvenile survival, movement, and health. Hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers were PIT (passive integrated transponder) tagged and monitored by three vertically stratified antennas. Fish locations within the mesocosm were recorded at least every 30 minutes and were assessed in relation to vertically stratified water-quality conditions. Vertical movement patterns were analyzed to identify the timing of mortality for each fish. Most mortality occurred from July 28 to August 16, 2014. Juvenile suckers spent daylight hours near the benthos and moved throughout the entire water column during dark hours. Diel movements were not in response to dissolved-oxygen concentrations, temperature, or pH. Furthermore, low dissolved-oxygen concentrations, high temperatures, high pH, high un-ionized ammonia, or high microcystin levels did not directly cause mortality, although indirect effects may have occurred. However, water-quality conditions known to be lethal to juvenile Lost River suckers did not occur during the study period. Histological assessment revealed severe gill hyperplasia and Ichthyobodo sp. infestations in most moribund fish. For these fish, Ichthyobodo sp. was likely the cause of mortality, although it is unclear if this parasite originated in the rearing facility because fish were not screened for this parasite prior to introduction. This study has demonstrated that we can effectively use a mesocosm equipped with antennas to learn about the timing of mortality, movement, and health of PIT-tagged hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hereford, D.M., Burdick, S.M., Elliott, D.G., Dolan-Caret, Amari, Conway, C.M., and Harris, A.C., 2016, Survival, movement, and health of hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers within a mesocosm in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1012, 48 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161012.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070117","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1012/ofr20161012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1012 Report PDF"},{"id":314948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1012/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 42.379850764344134\n ],\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 42.379850764344134\n ],\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 42.379850764344134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
","tableOfContents":"\n- Abstract
\n- Introduction
\n- Methods
\n- Tissue Preparation for Histopathology
\n- Results
\n- Discussion
\n- Acknowledgments
\n- References Cited
\n
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3bb2e4b07ca61bfe3be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, Danielle M.","contributorId":152642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Danielle M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dolan-Caret, Amari 0000-0001-9155-6116 amaridc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-6116","contributorId":149805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan-Caret","given":"Amari","email":"amaridc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conway, Carla M. 0000-0002-3851-3616 cmconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3616","contributorId":2946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Carla","email":"cmconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harris, Alta C. 0000-0002-2123-3028 aharris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-3028","contributorId":3490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Alta C.","email":"aharris@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70160684,"text":"ds978 - 2016 - Compilation of VS30 Data for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T16:08:43.423358","indexId":"ds978","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"978","title":"Compilation of VS30 Data for the United States","docAbstract":"VS30, the time-averaged shear-wave velocity (VS) to a depth of 30 meters, is a key index adopted by the earthquake engineering community to account for seismic site conditions. VS30 is typically based on geophysical measurements of VS derived from invasive and noninvasive techniques at sites of interest. Owing to cost considerations, as well as logistical and environmental concerns, VS30 data are sparse or not readily available for most areas. Where data are available, VS30 values are often assembled in assorted formats that are accessible from disparate and (or) impermanent Web sites. To help remedy this situation, we compiled VS30 measurements obtained by studies funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other governmental agencies. Thus far, we have compiled VS30 values for 2,997 sites in the United States, along with metadata for each measurement from government-sponsored reports, Web sites, and scientific and engineering journals. Most of the data in our VS30 compilation originated from publications directly reporting the work of field investigators. A small subset (less than 20 percent) of VS30 values was previously compiled by the USGS and other research institutions. Whenever possible, VS30 originating from these earlier compilations were crosschecked against published reports. Both downhole and surface-based VS30 estimates are represented in our VS30 compilation. Most of the VS30 data are for sites in the western contiguous United States (2,141 sites), whereas 786 VS30 values are for sites in the Central and Eastern United States; 70 values are for sites in other parts of the United States, including Alaska (15 sites), Hawaii (30 sites), and Puerto Rico (25 sites). An interactive map is hosted on the primary USGS Web site for accessing VS30 data (https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/vs30/us/).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds978","usgsCitation":"Yong, A., Thompson, E., Wald, D.J., Knudsen, K.L., Odum, J.K., Stephenson, W.J., and Haefner, S., 2016, Compilation of VS30 Data for the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 978, Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds978.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067239","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314898,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0978/ds978_appendixA.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"63 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 978 Appendix A XLSX"},{"id":314897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0978/ds978.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.9 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States\"}}]}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
","tableOfContents":"\n- Abstract
\n- Introduction
\n- VS30 Data
\n- VS30 Metadata
\n- Acknowledgments
\n- References Cited
\n- Appendix A—Sources of geologic information used by site investigators when compiling time-averaged shear-wave velocity to a depth of 30 meters (VS30) data.
\n
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3babe4b07ca61bfe3bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yong, Alan 0000-0003-1807-5847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":23037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M.","contributorId":48501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knudsen, Keith L. 0000-0003-2826-5812 kknudsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-5812","contributorId":3758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Keith","email":"kknudsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Odum, Jack K. 0000-0002-3162-0355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-0355","contributorId":97900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haefner, Scott shaefner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"Scott","email":"shaefner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70160085,"text":"sir20155171 - 2016 - Surface-water quality and suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River Basin, southeastern Missouri, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T11:13:05","indexId":"sir20155171","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5171","title":"Surface-water quality and suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River Basin, southeastern Missouri, 2011-13","docAbstract":"Missouri was the leading producer of lead in the United States—as well as the world—for more than a century. One of the lead sources is known as the Old Lead Belt, located in southeast Missouri. The primary ore mineral in the region is galena, which can be found both in surface deposits and underground as deep as 200 feet. More than 8.5 million tons of lead were produced from the Old Lead Belt before operations ceased in 1972. Although active lead mining has ended, the effects of mining activities still remain in the form of large mine waste piles on the landscape typically near tributaries and the main stem of the Big River, which drains the Old Lead Belt. Six large mine waste piles encompassing more than 2,800 acres, exist within the Big River Basin. These six mine waste piles have been an available source of trace element-rich suspended sediments transported by natural erosional processes downstream into the Big River.
\nA study was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7, to calculate and characterize suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River basin after reclamation of the mine waste piles ended in 2012. Streamflow and suspended sediments were quantified and sampled at two locations along a 68-mile reach of the Big River between Bonne Terre and Byrnes Mill, Missouri. The results will help regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, determine impaired reaches and ecosystems for remedial and restoration efforts.
\nContinuous stream stage, water temperature, and turbidity, and discrete suspended-sediment concentration data were collected at the two sites between October 2011 and September 2013. Suspended-sediment samples were collected during various hydrologic conditions to develop a regression model between discrete suspended-sediment concentration and continuous turbidity. Suspended sediments collected during stormflow events were analyzed for concentrations of trace elements such as barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc within two sediment size fractions. Event loads and annual loads of suspended sediment and select trace elements in suspended sediments also were calculated.
\nSuspended-sediment loads computed by the regression model increased downstream from about 201,000 tons at the upstream site to about 355,000 tons at the downstream site during the study period. Stormflow-event-based (hereinafter referred to as “event-based”) suspended-sediment loads ranged from 180 to 32,000 tons at the upstream sampling site and 390 to 53,000 tons at the downstream site along the Big River. Although only seven stormflow events at the upstream site and six at the downstream site were sampled, the event-based suspended-sediment loads accounted for nearly 30 percent of the total suspended-sediment loads computed at both sites, indicating most of the suspended sediment transported through the Big River occurs during higher streamflows.
\nSediment quality guidelines, known as the threshold effect concentration and the probable effect concentration, used to assess toxicity of trace-element concentrations in sediments were compared to the cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in suspended sediment samples collected during stormflow events. All concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in event-based suspended sediment samples exceeded the threshold and probable effect concentrations. Lead and zinc concentrations in the sediment size fraction less than 0.063 millimeters also exceeded the toxic effect threshold, above which sediment is considered to be heavily polluted causing adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of cadmium and zinc in event-based suspended sediment samples were notably higher in samples from the upstream site than samples from the downstream site, indicating the sources of sediments enriched in these trace elements decrease in the downstream area of the watershed. The reduction in concentration of cadmium and zinc could be from dissolution of the constituents during transport or possibly a decrease in downstream source material. The lead concentration exceedance of the probable effects concentration as well as the threshold effects concentration indicates that lead-rich suspended sediments in the fraction less than 0.063 millimeters are readily available within the Big River Basin for transport. These sediments remain in the system from historical mining, and as the reclamation of mine waste piles in the upstream area of the watershed reduce additional sediment loadings, these fine sediments may be continually released as the river scours the streambed and erodes stream banks causing the lead-rich suspended sediment to remain in a state of equilibrium.
\nBarium concentrations in suspended-sediments were nearly twice as high in stormflow event samples collected at the downstream site as compared to samples from the upstream site. The source of barium in the Big River could be from Mineral Fork and Mill Creek, which flow through the historical barite (barium sulfate, also known as tiff) mining district in Washington County, and discharge into the Big River between the two study sites.
\nTotal trace-element loads and yields in suspended sediments were computed from the sampled events for each year in the study. The total barium loads in suspended sediments were higher for sampled events collected at the downstream site than the upstream site during both study years. Cadmium and zinc loads in suspended sediments were lower at the downstream site than the upstream site, although the decrease in total load was not substantial during the study period. Lead loads in suspended sediments were lower at the downstream site during the first study year, with a slightly higher load downstream in the second year though the increase from upstream to downstream was small. Event-based yields were higher at the upstream site, indicating that readily available sediment sources are closer to the upstream site where more mining affected areas are located. The estimates determined during large precipitation events indicate that large sources of suspended sediments with large concentrations of trace elements are still available for transport within the Big River.
\n
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7","usgsCitation":"Barr, M.N., 2016, Surface-water quality and suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River Basin, southeastern Missouri, 2011–13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5171, 39 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155171.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-065903","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5171/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314931,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5171/sir20155171.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5171"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.80749511718749,\n 38.586820096127674\n ],\n [\n -90.6427001953125,\n 38.45789034424927\n ],\n [\n -90.582275390625,\n 38.371808917147554\n ],\n [\n -90.5767822265625,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -90.5877685546875,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -90.4779052734375,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -90.362548828125,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -90.23071289062499,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -90.0384521484375,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -89.901123046875,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -90.0164794921875,\n 37.57505900514994\n ],\n [\n -90.208740234375,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -90.3900146484375,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -90.538330078125,\n 37.53150992479082\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 37.413800350662875\n ],\n [\n -90.7635498046875,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -90.8404541015625,\n 37.17344871200958\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 37.18657859524883\n ],\n [\n -91.23596191406249,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -91.109619140625,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -91.1920166015625,\n 37.688167468408025\n ],\n [\n -91.3238525390625,\n 37.76637243960176\n ],\n [\n -91.263427734375,\n 37.84015683604134\n ],\n [\n -91.131591796875,\n 37.883524980871336\n ],\n [\n -91.04919433593749,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -91.0711669921875,\n 38.12591462924157\n ],\n [\n -90.9173583984375,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 38.25974980039479\n ],\n [\n -90.9613037109375,\n 38.298559092254344\n ],\n [\n -90.999755859375,\n 38.38472766885085\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -90.8843994140625,\n 38.5008925889646\n ],\n [\n -90.80749511718749,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n -90.80749511718749,\n 38.586820096127674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road, MS-100
Rolla, MO 65401
http://mo.water.usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Surface-Water Quality
- Suspended-Sediment Quantity
- Suspended-Sediment Quality
- Summary
- References Cited
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3bb0e4b07ca61bfe3be3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, Miya N. 0000-0002-9961-9190 mnbarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-9190","contributorId":3686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Miya","email":"mnbarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70168586,"text":"70168586 - 2016 - A submarine landslide source for the devastating 1964 Chenega tsunami, southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:47:11","indexId":"70168586","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A submarine landslide source for the devastating 1964 Chenega tsunami, southern Alaska","docAbstract":"\n
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During the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake (Mw 9.2), several fjords, straits, and bays throughout southern Alaska experienced significant tsunami runup of localized, but unexplained origin. Dangerous Passage is a glacimarine fjord in western Prince William Sound, which experienced a tsunami that devastated the village of Chenega where 23 of 75 inhabitants were lost – the highest relative loss of any community during the earthquake. Previous studies suggested the source of the devastating tsunami was either from a local submarine landslide of unknown origin or from coseismic tectonic displacement. Here we present new observations from high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection surveys conducted in the waters adjacent to the village of Chenega. The seabed morphology and substrate architecture reveal a large submarine landslide complex in water depths of 120–360 m. Analysis of bathymetric change between 1957 and 2014 indicates the upper 20–50 m (∼0.7 km3) of glacimarine sediment was destabilized and evacuated from the steep face of a submerged moraine and an adjacent ∼21 km2 perched sedimentary basin. Once mobilized, landslide debris poured over the steep, 130 m-high face of a deeper moraine and then blanketed the terminal basin (∼465 m water depth) in 11 ± 5 m of sediment. These results, combined with inverse tsunami travel-time modeling, suggest that earthquake- triggered submarine landslides generated the tsunami that struck the village of Chenega roughly 4 min after shaking began. Unlike other tsunamigenic landslides observed in and around Prince William Sound in 1964, the failures in Dangerous Passage are not linked to an active submarine delta. The requisite environmental conditions needed to generate large submarine landslides in glacimarine fjords around the world may be more common than previously thought.
\n
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Heavily tuberculated glyptosaur osteoderms were collected in an active limestone quarry in northern Berkeley County, South Carolina. The osteoderms are part of a highly diverse late Paleocene vertebrate assemblage that consists of marine, terrestrial, fluvial, and/or brackish water taxa, including chondrichthyan and osteichthyan fish, turtles (chelonioid, trionychid, pelomedusid, emydid), crocodilians, palaeopheid snakes, and a mammal. Calcareous nannofossils indicate that the fossiliferous deposit accumulated within subzone NP9a of the Thanetian Stage (late Paleocene, upper part of Clarkforkian North American Land Mammal Age [NALMA]) and is therefore temporally equivalent to the Chicora Member of the Williamsburg Formation. The composition of the paleofauna indicates that the fossiliferous deposit accumulated in a marginal marine setting that was influenced by fluvial processes (estuarine or deltaic).
\nThe discovery of South Carolina osteoderms is significant because they expand the late Paleocene geographic range of glyptosaurines eastward from the US midcontinent to the Atlantic Coastal Plain and provide one of the few North American records of these lizards inhabiting coastal habitats. This discovery also brings to light a possibility that post-Paleocene expansion of this group into Europe occurred via northeastward migration along the Atlantic coast of North America.
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jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ebersole, Sandy M.","contributorId":173002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebersole","given":"Sandy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27138,"text":"Alabama Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168859,"text":"70168859 - 2016 - Apatite fission-track evidence for regional exhumation in the subtropical Eocene, block faulting, and localized fluid flow in east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T09:06:39","indexId":"70168859","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-27T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apatite fission-track evidence for regional exhumation in the subtropical Eocene, block faulting, and localized fluid flow in east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The origin and antiquity of the subdued topography of the Yukon–Tanana Upland (YTU), the physiographic province between the Denali and Tintina faults, are unresolved questions in the geologic history of interior Alaska and adjacent Yukon. We present apatite fission-track (AFT) results for 33 samples from the 2300 km2 western Fortymile district in the YTU in Alaska and propose an exhumation model that is consistent with preservation of volcanic rocks in valleys that requires base level stability of several drainages since latest Cretaceous–Paleocene time. AFT thermochronology indicates widespread cooling below ∼110 °C at ∼56–47 Ma (early Eocene) and ∼44–36 Ma (middle Eocene). Samples with ∼33–27, ∼19, and ∼10 Ma AFT ages, obtained near a major northeast-trending fault zone, apparently reflect hydrothermal fluid flow. Uplift and erosion following ∼107 Ma magmatism exposed plutonic rocks to different extents in various crustal blocks by latest Cretaceous time. We interpret the Eocene AFT ages to suggest that higher elevations were eroded during the Paleogene subtropical climate of the subarctic, while base level remained essentially stable. Tertiary basins outboard of the YTU contain sediment that may account for the required >2 km of removed overburden that was not carried to the sea by the ancestral Yukon River system. We consider a climate driven explanation for the Eocene AFT ages to be most consistent with geologic constraints in concert with block faulting related to translation on the Denali and Tintina faults resulting from oblique subduction along the southern margin of Alaska.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2015-0138","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., Bacon, C.R., O'Sullivan, P., and Day, W.C., 2016, Apatite fission-track evidence for regional exhumation in the subtropical Eocene, block faulting, and localized fluid flow in east-central Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 53, no. 3, p. 260-280, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0138.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063505","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjes-2015-0138","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon–Tanana Upland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 62.30879369102805\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 68.65655498475735\n ],\n [\n -142.8662109375,\n 68.41535220938925\n ],\n [\n -144.580078125,\n 67.92514047803861\n ],\n [\n -146.8212890625,\n 67.49175133394853\n ],\n [\n -149.4140625,\n 67.06743335108298\n ],\n [\n -150.7763671875,\n 66.75724984139227\n ],\n [\n -152.9736328125,\n 66.72254132270653\n ],\n [\n -154.9951171875,\n 66.67038675925365\n ],\n [\n -157.10449218749997,\n 66.07154649351564\n ],\n [\n -158.115234375,\n 65.23830662451157\n ],\n [\n -158.33496093749997,\n 64.51064316846676\n ],\n [\n -157.67578125,\n 63.470144746565445\n ],\n [\n -157.1923828125,\n 62.83508901142283\n ],\n [\n -156.13769531249997,\n 62.24746627771428\n ],\n [\n -154.16015625,\n 62.492027730426905\n ],\n [\n -152.666015625,\n 63.03503931552975\n ],\n [\n -150.908203125,\n 63.450509218001095\n ],\n [\n -150.029296875,\n 63.724183392123315\n ],\n [\n -149.326171875,\n 64.05297838071347\n ],\n [\n -148.7109375,\n 64.24459476798192\n ],\n [\n -146.1181640625,\n 64.20637724320852\n ],\n [\n -144.7998046875,\n 63.82128765261384\n ],\n [\n -143.56933593749997,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -142.9541015625,\n 62.935234870604695\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 62.30879369102805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56deb43ce4b015c306fb89a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":36627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162630,"text":"70162630 - 2016 - Functional metagenomic selection of RubisCOs from uncultivated bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T10:56:18","indexId":"70162630","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-27T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1548,"text":"Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional metagenomic selection of RubisCOs from uncultivated bacteria","docAbstract":"Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is a critical yet severely inefficient enzyme that catalyses the fixation of virtually all of the carbon found on Earth. Here, we report a functional metagenomic selection that recovers physiologically active RubisCO molecules directly from uncultivated and largely unknown members of natural microbial communities. Selection is based on CO2-dependent growth in a host strain capable of expressing environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), precluding the need for pure cultures or screening of recombinant clones for enzymatic activity. Seventeen functional RubisCO-encoded sequences were selected using DNA extracted from soil and river autotrophic enrichments, a photosynthetic biofilm and a subsurface groundwater aquifer. Notably, three related form II RubisCOs were recovered which share high sequence similarity with metagenomic scaffolds from uncultivated members of theGallionellaceae family. One of the Gallionellaceae RubisCOs was purified and shown to possessCO2/O2 specificity typical of form II enzymes. X-ray crystallography determined that this enzyme is a hexamer, only the second form II multimer ever solved and the first RubisCO structure obtained from an uncultivated bacterium. Functional metagenomic selection leverages natural biological diversity and billions of years of evolution inherent in environmental communities, providing a new window into the discovery of CO2-fixing enzymes not previously characterized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.13138","usgsCitation":"Varaljay, V.A., Satagopan, S., North, J.A., Witteveen, B., Dourado, M.N., Anantharaman, K., Arbing, M.A., McCann, S., Oremland, R.S., Banfield, J.F., Wrighton, K.C., and Tabita, F., 2016, Functional metagenomic selection of RubisCOs from uncultivated bacteria: Environmental Microbiology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 1187-1199, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13138.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1199","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066759","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1471013","text":"External Repository"},{"id":314934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49c6e4b07ca61bfea54b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varaljay, Vanessa A","contributorId":152628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varaljay","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":18950,"text":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Satagopan, Sriram","contributorId":152629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Satagopan","given":"Sriram","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18950,"text":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"North, Justin A.","contributorId":152630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"North","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18950,"text":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Witteveen, Briana","contributorId":140866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witteveen","given":"Briana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13599,"text":"University of Alaska - Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dourado, Manuella N.","contributorId":152631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dourado","given":"Manuella","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":18951,"text":"Department of Genetics, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anantharaman, Karthik","contributorId":152632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anantharaman","given":"Karthik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18952,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arbing, Mark A.","contributorId":152633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arbing","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18953,"text":"Protein Expression Technology Center, UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCann, Shelley 0000-0002-9753-7968 smccann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-7968","contributorId":149902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCann","given":"Shelley","email":"smccann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Banfield, Jillian F.","contributorId":152634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banfield","given":"Jillian","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":18952,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wrighton, Kelly C.","contributorId":152635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wrighton","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18950,"text":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tabita, F. Robert","contributorId":152636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tabita","given":"F. Robert","affiliations":[{"id":18950,"text":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70168496,"text":"70168496 - 2016 - Multiple rod–cone and cone–rod photoreceptor transmutations in snakes: Evidence from visual opsin gene expression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T23:07:09","indexId":"70168496","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3173,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple rod–cone and cone–rod photoreceptor transmutations in snakes: Evidence from visual opsin gene expression","docAbstract":"In 1934, Gordon Walls forwarded his radical theory of retinal photoreceptor ‘transmutation’. This proposed that rods and cones used for scotopic and photopic vision, respectively, were not fixed but could evolve into each other via a series of morphologically distinguishable intermediates. Walls' prime evidence came from series of diurnal and nocturnal geckos and snakes that appeared to have pure-cone or pure-rod retinas (in forms that Walls believed evolved from ancestors with the reverse complement) or which possessed intermediate photoreceptor cells. Walls was limited in testing his theory because the precise identity of visual pigments present in photoreceptors was then unknown. Subsequent molecular research has hitherto neglected this topic but presents new opportunities. We identify three visual opsin genes, rh1, sws1 and lws, in retinal mRNA of an ecologically and taxonomically diverse sample of snakes central to Walls' theory. We conclude that photoreceptors with superficially rod- or cone-like morphology are not limited to containing scotopic or photopic opsins, respectively. Walls' theory is essentially correct, and more research is needed to identify the patterns, processes and functional implications of transmutation. Future research will help to clarify the fundamental properties and physiology of photoreceptors adapted to function in different light levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2015.2624","usgsCitation":"Simoe, B.F., Sampaio, F.L., Loew, E.R., Sanders, K.L., Fisher, R.N., Hart, N.S., Hunt, D.M., Partridge, J.C., and Gower, D.J., 2016, Multiple rod–cone and cone–rod photoreceptor transmutations in snakes: Evidence from visual opsin gene expression: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 283, no. 1823, 20152624, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2624.","productDescription":"20152624, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071824","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2624","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"283","issue":"1823","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c45651e4b0946c65218579","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simoe, Bruno F","contributorId":166978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simoe","given":"Bruno","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":24586,"text":"The Natural History Museum, London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampaio, Filipa L.","contributorId":166979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sampaio","given":"Filipa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24586,"text":"The Natural History Museum, London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loew, Ellis R.","contributorId":166980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loew","given":"Ellis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanders, Kate L.","contributorId":81816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hart, Nathan S.","contributorId":166981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24587,"text":"Macquarie University, New South Wales","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunt, David M.","contributorId":166982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24588,"text":"The University of Western Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Partridge, Julian C.","contributorId":166983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Partridge","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24589,"text":"The University of Western Australia; University of Bristol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gower, David J.","contributorId":29327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gower","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70159478,"text":"70159478 - 2016 - Determining generic velocity and density models for crustal amplification calculations, with an update of the Boore and Joyner (1997) Generic Site Amplification for Graphic Site Amplification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T13:39:08","indexId":"70159478","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining generic velocity and density models for crustal amplification calculations, with an update of the Boore and Joyner (1997) Generic Site Amplification for Graphic Site Amplification","docAbstract":"This short note contains two contributions related to deriving depth‐dependent velocity and density models for use in computing generic crustal amplifications. The first contribution is a method for interpolating two velocity profiles to obtain a third profile with a time‐averaged velocity ![\"Graphic\"](\"http://www.bssaonline.org/content/early/2015/12/29/0120150229/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif\")
to depth Z that is equal to a specified value (e.g., for shear‐wave velocity VS, ![\"Graphic\"](\"http://www.bssaonline.org/content/early/2015/12/29/0120150229/embed/inline-graphic-3.gif\")
for Z=30 m, in which the subscript S has been added to indicate that the average is for shear‐wave velocities). The second contribution is a procedure for obtaining densities from VS. The first contribution is used to extend and revise the Boore and Joyner (1997) generic rock VS model, for which ![\"Graphic\"](\"http://www.bssaonline.org/content/early/2015/12/29/0120150229/embed/inline-graphic-4.gif\")
, to a model with the more common ![\"Graphic\"](\"http://www.bssaonline.org/content/early/2015/12/29/0120150229/embed/inline-graphic-5.gif\")
. This new model is then used with the densities from the second contribution to compute crustal amplifications for a generic site with ![\"Graphic\"](\"http://www.bssaonline.org/content/early/2015/12/29/0120150229/embed/inline-graphic-6.gif\")
.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120150229","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2016, Determining generic velocity and density models for crustal amplification calculations, with an update of the Boore and Joyner (1997) Generic Site Amplification for Graphic Site Amplification: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 1, p. 316-320, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150229.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"320","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068561","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a898aee4b0b28f1184dbc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70168486,"text":"70168486 - 2016 - A salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type deposit: The Bou Jaber Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposit, Tunisia: Fluid inclusion and isotope study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T14:48:34","indexId":"70168486","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type deposit: The Bou Jaber Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposit, Tunisia: Fluid inclusion and isotope study","docAbstract":"The Bou Jaber Ba-F-Pb-Zn deposit is located at the edge of the Bou Jaber Triassic salt diapir in the Tunisia Salt Diapir Province. The ores are unconformity and fault-controlled and occur as subvertical column-shaped bodies developed in dissolution-collapse breccias and in cavities within the Late Aptian platform carbonate rocks, which are covered unconformably by impermeable shales and marls of the Fahdene Formation (Late Albian–Cenomanian age). The host rock is hydrothermally altered to ankerite proximal to and within the ore bodies. Quartz, as fine-grained bipyramidal crystals, formed during hydrothermal alteration of the host rocks. The ore mineral assemblage is composed of barite, fluorite, sphalerite, and galena in decreasing abundance. The ore zones outline distinct depositional events: sphalerite-galena, barite-ankerite, and fluorite. Fluid inclusions, commonly oil-rich, have distinct fluid salinities and homogenization temperatures for each of these events: sphalerite-galena (17 to 24 wt% NaCl eq., and Th from 112 to 136 °C); ankerite-barite (11 to 17 wt% NaCl eq., and Th from 100 to 130 °C); fluorite (19 to 21 wt% NaCl eq., Th from 140 to 165 °C). The mean temperature of the ore fluids decreased from sphalerite (125 °C) to barite (115 °C) and increased during fluorite deposition (152 °C); then decreased to ∼110 °C during late calcite precipitation. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of fluid inclusions in fluorite are metal rich (hundreds to thousands ppm Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe) but the inclusions in barite are deficient in Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe. Inclusions in fluorite have Cl/Br and Na/Br ratios of several thousand, consistent with dissolution of halite while the inclusions analysed in barite have values lower than seawater which are indicative of a Br-enriched brine derived from evaporation plus a component of halite dissolution. The salinity of the barite-hosted fluid inclusions is less than obtained simply by the evaporation of seawater to halite saturation and requires a dilution of more than two times by meteoric water. The higher K/Na values in fluid inclusions from barite suggest that the brines interacted with K-rich rocks in the basement or siliciclastic sediments in the basin. Carbonate gangue minerals (ankerite and calcite) have δ13C and δ18O values that are close to the carbonate host rock and indicate fluid equilibrium between carbonate host rocks and hydrothermal brines. The δ34S values for sphalerite and galena fall within a narrow range (1 to 10 ‰) with a bulk value of 7.5 ‰, indicating a homogeneous source of sulfur. The δ34S values of barite are also relatively homogeneous (22 ‰), with 6 ‰ higher than the δ34S of local and regional Triassic evaporites (15 ‰). The latter are believed to be the source of sulfate. Temperature of deposition together with sulfur isotope data indicate that the reduced sulfur in sulfides was derived through thermochemical sulfate reduction of Triassic sulfate via hydrocarbons produced probably from Late Cretaceous source rocks. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the Bou Jaber barite (0.709821 to 0.711408) together with the lead isotope values of Bou Jaber galena (206Pb/204Pb = 18.699 to 18.737;207Pb/204Pb = 15.635 to 15.708 and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.321 to 38.947) show that metals were extracted from homogeneous crustal source(s). The tectonic setting of the Bou Jaber ore deposit, the carbonate nature of the host rocks, the epigenetic style of the mineralization and the mineral associations, together with sulfur and oxygen isotope data and fluid inclusion data show that the Bou Jaber lead-zinc mineralization has the major characteristics of a salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposit with superimposed events of fluorite and of barite deposition. Field relations are consistent with mineral deposition during the Eocene–Miocene Alpine orogeny from multiple hydrothermal events: (1) Zn-Pb sulfides formed by mixing of two fluids: one fluid metal-rich but reduced sulfur-poor and a second fluid reduced sulfur-rich; (2) barite precipitation involved the influx of a meteoric water component that mixed with a barium-rich fluid; and (3) fluorite precipitated from a highly saline fluid with higher temperatures.
\n
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-015-0634-8","collaboration":"Bouhlel, Salah; Leach, David; Johnson, Craig; Salmi-Laouar, Siham; Banks, David","usgsCitation":"Bouhlel, S., Leach, D., Johnson, C.A., Marsh, E.E., Salmi-Laouar, S., and Banks, D., 2016, A salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type deposit: The Bou Jaber Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposit, Tunisia: Fluid inclusion and isotope study: Mineralium Deposita, v. 51, no. 6, p. 749-780, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-015-0634-8.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"780","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070675","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/93472/12/bou%20jaber%20pre%20publication.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Algeria, Tunisia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 7.5,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n 7.5,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n 11.5,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n 11.5,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n 7.5,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4563be4b0946c652184dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouhlel, Salah","contributorId":166960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouhlel","given":"Salah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24581,"text":"Faculty of Sciences University Tunis el Manar","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, David","contributorId":41076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsh, Erin E. 0000-0001-5245-9532 emarsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-9532","contributorId":1250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Erin","email":"emarsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Salmi-Laouar, Sihem","contributorId":166961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmi-Laouar","given":"Sihem","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24582,"text":"University of Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Banks, David A.","contributorId":166966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banks","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70176649,"text":"70176649 - 2016 - Predicting thermally stressful events in rivers with a strategy to evaluate management alternatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T14:34:53","indexId":"70176649","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting thermally stressful events in rivers with a strategy to evaluate management alternatives","docAbstract":"Water temperature is an important factor in river ecology. Numerous models have been developed to predict river temperature. However, many were not designed to predict thermally stressful periods. Because such events are rare, traditionally applied analyses are inappropriate. Here, we developed two logistic regression models to predict thermally stressful events in the Delaware River at the US Geological Survey gage near Lordville, New York. One model predicted the probability of an event >20.0 °C, and a second predicted an event >22.2 °C. Both models were strong (independent test data sensitivity 0.94 and 1.00, specificity 0.96 and 0.96) predicting 63 of 67 events in the >20.0 °C model and all 15 events in the >22.2 °C model. Both showed negative relationships with released volume from the upstream Cannonsville Reservoir and positive relationships with difference between air temperature and previous day's water temperature at Lordville. We further predicted how increasing release volumes from Cannonsville Reservoir affected the probabilities of correctly predicted events. For the >20.0 °C model, an increase of 0.5 to a proportionally adjusted release (that accounts for other sources) resulted in 35.9% of events in the training data falling below cutoffs; increasing this adjustment by 1.0 resulted in 81.7% falling below cutoffs. For the >22.2 °C these adjustments resulted in 71.1% and 100.0% of events falling below cutoffs. Results from these analyses can help managers make informed decisions on alternative release scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/rra.2998","usgsCitation":"Maloney, K., Cole, J.C., and Schmid, M., 2016, Predicting thermally stressful events in rivers with a strategy to evaluate management alternatives: River Research and Applications, no. 32, p. 1428-1437, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2998.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"1428","endPage":"1437","ipdsId":"IP-065139","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -74.498291015625,\n 39.8465036024177\n ],\n [\n -74.4927978515625,\n 40.26695230509781\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 40.75974059207392\n ],\n [\n -74.6685791015625,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -74.5806884765625,\n 41.335575973123895\n ],\n [\n -74.11376953125,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -74.9432373046875,\n 42.44372793752476\n ],\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -75.8880615234375,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"32","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6cfe4b0bc0bec09cb7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maloney, K.O. 0000-0003-2304-0745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":105414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":51292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmid, M.","contributorId":96000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176546,"text":"70176546 - 2016 - Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus): Spreading by fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T12:09:42","indexId":"70176546","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T19:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus): Spreading by fire","docAbstract":"In many forest ecosystems, fire is critical in maintaining indigenous plant communities, but can either promote or arrest the spread of invasive species depending on their regeneration niche and resprouting ability. We examined the effects of cutting and burning treatments on the vegetative response (cover, stem density) and root resources of Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), a liana invasive to North America that was introduced from East Asia. Treatments were control, spring cut, spring burn, spring cut & burn, summer cut, fall cut, fall burn, fall cut & burn, and fall herbicide. Cover was reduced the greatest by herbicide and summer cutting treatments, but increased more in the second year on moraine soils than on sandy soils. Burning and cutting & burning combined resulted in a resprout density four times greater than stem density prior to treatment for stems <2.5 mm diameter than cutting alone. For stems, across all diameter classes, there was a more than 100% increase in stem density with burning and almost a 300% increase in stem density with cutting & burning in the spring. Density of resprouts and root-suckers, and survival increased with increasing stem size. While cutting of C. orbiculatus during the growing season (summer) reduced total nonstructural carbohydrates by 50% below early growing season levels and 75% below dormant season levels, burning did not significantly reduce total nonstructural carbohydrates. Thus, Oriental bittersweet is quite responsive to burning as a disturbance and resprouting and root-suckering creates additional opportunities for growth and attainment of the forest canopy. The positive response of Oriental bittersweet to burning has important implications for management of invasive lianas in fire-dependent forest landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2015.12.036","usgsCitation":"Pavlovic, N.B., Leicht-Young, S.A., and Grundel, R., 2016, Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus): Spreading by fire: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 364, p. 183-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.12.036.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"194","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060161","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Lake County, Porter County","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.08703517913818,\n 41.61335680938595\n ],\n [\n -87.08703517913818,\n 41.62208343946444\n ],\n [\n -87.07922458648682,\n 41.62208343946444\n ],\n [\n -87.07922458648682,\n 41.61335680938595\n ],\n [\n -87.08703517913818,\n 41.61335680938595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"364","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6d0e4b0bc0bec09cb7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leicht-Young, Stacey A.","contributorId":80506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176139,"text":"70176139 - 2016 - Characterization of available light for seagrass and patch reef productivity in Sugarloaf Key, Lower Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T09:48:01","indexId":"70176139","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of available light for seagrass and patch reef productivity in Sugarloaf Key, Lower Florida Keys","docAbstract":"Light availability is an important factor driving primary productivity in benthic ecosystems, but in situ and remote sensing measurements of light quality are limited for coral reefs and seagrass beds. We evaluated the productivity responses of a patch reef and a seagrass site in the Lower Florida Keys to ambient light availability and spectral quality. In situ optical properties were characterized utilizing moored and water column bio-optical and hydrographic measurements. Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was also estimated for these study sites using benthic productivity chambers. Our results show higher spectral light attenuation and absorption, and lower irradiance during low tide in the patch reef, tracking the influx of materials from shallower coastal areas. In contrast, the intrusion of clearer surface Atlantic Ocean water caused lower values of spectral attenuation and absorption, and higher irradiance in the patch reef during high tide. Storms during the studied period, with winds >10 m·s−1, caused higher spectral attenuation values. A spatial gradient of NEP was observed, from high productivity in the shallow seagrass area, to lower productivity in deeper patch reefs. The highest daytime NEP was observed in the seagrass, with values of almost 0.4 g·O2·m−2·h−1. Productivity at the patch reef area was lower in May than during October 2012 (mean = 0.137 and 0.177 g·O2·m−2·h−1, respectively). Higher photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) levels measured above water and lower light attenuation in the red region of the visible spectrum (~666 to ~699 nm) had a positive correlation with NEP. Our results indicate that changes in light availability and quality by suspended or resuspended particles limit benthic productivity in the Florida Keys.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3390/rs8020086","usgsCitation":"Toro-Farmer, G., Muller-Karger, F.E., Vega-Rodriguez, M., Melo, N., Yates, K.K., Johns, E., Cerdeira-Estrada, S., and Herwitz, S.R., 2016, Characterization of available light for seagrass and patch reef productivity in Sugarloaf Key, Lower Florida Keys: Remote Sensing, v. 8, no. 2, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020086.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062418","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020086","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lower Florida Keys, Sugarloaf 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E.","contributorId":68230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Karger","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vega-Rodriguez, Maria","contributorId":171862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vega-Rodriguez","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melo, Nelson","contributorId":171864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melo","given":"Nelson","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26959,"text":"NOAA and Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, UM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly K. 0000-0001-8764-0358 kyates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-0358","contributorId":420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","email":"kyates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johns, Elizabeth","contributorId":174132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johns","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7054,"text":"NOAA/NMFS, Silver Spring, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cerdeira-Estrada, Sergio","contributorId":174133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cerdeira-Estrada","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27366,"text":"National Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herwitz, Stan R.","contributorId":171868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herwitz","given":"Stan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":26962,"text":"NASA UAV Collaborative, Moffet Field, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70162540,"text":"70162540 - 2016 - Soil moisture and biogeochemical factors influence the distribution of annual Bromus species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T19:06:31.918059","indexId":"70162540","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Soil moisture and biogeochemical factors influence the distribution of annual Bromus species","title":"Soil moisture and biogeochemical factors influence the distribution of annual Bromus species","docAbstract":"Abiotic factors have a strong influence on where annual Bromus species are found. At the large regional scale, temperature and precipitation extremes determine the boundaries of Bromus occurrence. At the more local scale, soil characteristics and climate influence distribution, cover, and performance. In hot, dry, summer-rainfall-dominated deserts (Sonoran, Chihuahuan), little or no Bromus is found, likely due to timing or amount of soil moisture relative to Bromus phenology. In hot, winter-rainfall-dominated deserts (parts of the Mojave Desert), Bromus rubens is widespread and correlated with high phosphorus availability. It also responds positively to additions of nitrogen alone or with phosphorus. On the Colorado Plateau, with higher soil moisture availability, factors limiting Bromus tectorum populations vary with life stage: phosphorus and water limit germination, potassium and the potassium/magnesium ratio affect winter performance, and water and potassium/magnesium affect spring performance. Controlling nutrients also change with elevation. In cooler deserts with winter precipitation (Great Basin, Columbia Plateau) and thus even greater soil moisture availability, B. tectorum populations are controlled by nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium. Experimental nitrogen additions stimulate Bromus performance. The reason for different nutrients limiting in dissimilar climatic regions is not known, but it is likely that site conditions such as soil texture (as it affects water and nutrient availability), organic matter, and/or chemistry interact in a manner that regulates nutrient availability and limitations. Under future drier, hotter conditions,Bromus distribution is likely to change due to changes in the interaction between moisture and nutrient availability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_8","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Stark, J.T., Rau, B., Allen, E.B., and Phillips, S.L., 2016, Soil moisture and biogeochemical factors influence the distribution of annual Bromus species, chap. of Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US, p. 227-256, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_8.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"256","ipdsId":"IP-056701","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3fe4b0571647cf8df8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, John Thomas","contributorId":92247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rau, Benjamin","contributorId":69079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rau","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Edith B.","contributorId":139341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Edith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12741,"text":"U of CA Dept of Botany and Plant Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, Susan L. 0000-0002-5891-8485 sue_phillips@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-8485","contributorId":717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Susan","email":"sue_phillips@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70162546,"text":"70162546 - 2016 - Land uses, fire, and invasion: Exotic annual Bromus and human dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T18:59:44.502292","indexId":"70162546","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Land uses, fire, and invasion: Exotic annual Bromus and human dimensions","title":"Land uses, fire, and invasion: Exotic annual Bromus and human dimensions","docAbstract":"Human land uses are the primary cause of the introduction and spread of exotic annual Bromus species. Initial introductions were likely linked to contaminated seeds used by homesteading farmers in the late 1880s and early 1900s. Transportation routes aided their spread. Unrestricted livestock grazing from the 1800s through the mid-1900s reduced native plant competitors leaving large areas vulnerable to Bromus dominance. Ecosystems with cooler and moister soils tend to have greater potential to recover from disturbances (resilience) and to be more resistant to Bromus invasion and dominance. Warmer and drier ecosystems are less resistant to Bromus and are threatened by altered fire regimes which can lead to Bromus dominance, impacts to wildlife, and alternative stable states. Native Americans used fire for manipulating plant communities and may have contributed to the early dominance of Bromus in portions of California. Fire as a tool is now limited to site preparation for revegetation in most ecosystems where Bromus is a significant problem. Once Bromus dominates, breaking annual grass/fire cycles requires restoring fire-tolerant perennial grasses and forbs, which can compete with Bromus and resist its dominance. Current weed management policies often lack regulations to prevent further expansion of Bromus. Research is needed on how and where livestock grazing might help increase perennial grass and forb cover and density to create ecosystems that are more resistant to Bromus. Also, studies are needed to ascertain the role, if any, of oil and gas development in contributing to the spread of Bromus.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_11","usgsCitation":"Pyke, D.A., Chambers, J.C., Beck, J.L., Brooks, M.L., and Mealor, B.A., 2016, Land uses, fire, and invasion: Exotic annual Bromus and human dimensions, chap. of Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US, p. 307-337, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_11.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"337","ipdsId":"IP-067246","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3de4b0571647cf8de1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":92186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":14753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mealor, Brian A.","contributorId":152584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mealor","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6656,"text":"University of Wyoming, Renewable Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156725,"text":"70156725 - 2016 - Ecosystem impacts of exotic annual invaders in the genus Bromus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T19:04:39.168549","indexId":"70156725","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Ecosystem impacts of exotic annual invaders in the genus Bromus","title":"Ecosystem impacts of exotic annual invaders in the genus Bromus","docAbstract":"An understanding of the impacts of exotic plant species on ecosystems is necessary to justify and guide efforts to limit their spread, restore natives, and plan for conservation. Invasive annual grasses such as Bromus tectorum, B. rubens, B. hordeaceus, and B. diandrus (hereafter collectively referred to as Bromus) transform the structure and function of ecosystems they dominate. Experiments that prove cause-and-effect impacts of Bromus are rare, yet inferences can be gleaned from the combination of Bromus-ecosystem associations, ecosystem condition before/after invasion, and an understanding of underlying mechanisms. Bromus typically establishes in bare soil patches and can eventually replace perennials such as woody species or bunchgrasses, creating a homogeneous annual cover. Plant productivity and cover are less stable across seasons and years when Bromus dominates, due to a greater response to annual climate variability. Bromus’ “flash” of growth followed by senescence early in the growing season, combined with shallow rooting and annual habit, may lead to incomplete use of deep soil water, reduced C sequestration, and accelerated nutrient cycling. Litter produced by Bromus alters nearly all aspects of ecosystems and notably increases wildfire occurrence. Where Bromus has become dominant, it can decrease soil stability by rendering soils bare for months following fire or episodic, pathogen-induced stand failure. Bromus-invaded communities have lower species diversity, and associated species tend to be generalists adapted to unstable and variable habitats. Changes in litter, fire, and soil properties appear to feedback to reinforce Bromus’ dominance in a pattern that portends desertification.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_3","usgsCitation":"Germino, M., Belnap, J., Stark, J., Allen, E.B., and Rau, B.M., 2016, Ecosystem impacts of exotic annual invaders in the genus Bromus, chap. of Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US, p. 61-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_3.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061498","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6c2e4b0b28f1184dbed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. mgermino@usgs.gov","contributorId":146934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stark, John M.","contributorId":152587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stark","given":"John M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Edith B.","contributorId":139341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Edith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12741,"text":"U of CA Dept of Botany and Plant Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rau, Benjamin M.","contributorId":105247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rau","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70162545,"text":"70162545 - 2016 - Plant community resistance to invasion by Bromus species: The roles of community attributes, Bromus interactions with plant communities, and Bromus traits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T19:03:29.953265","indexId":"70162545","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Plant community resistance to invasion by Bromus species: The roles of community attributes, Bromus interactions with plant communities, and Bromus traits","title":"Plant community resistance to invasion by Bromus species: The roles of community attributes, Bromus interactions with plant communities, and Bromus traits","docAbstract":"The factors that determine plant community resistance to exotic annual Bromus species (Bromus hereafter) are diverse and context specific. They are influenced by the environmental characteristics and attributes of the community, the traits of Bromus species, and the direct and indirect interactions of Bromus with the plant community. Environmental factors, in particular ambient and soil temperatures, have significant effects on the ability of Bromus to establish and spread. Seasonality of precipitation relative to temperature influences plant community resistance to Bromus through effects on soil water storage, timing of water and nutrient availability, and dominant plant life forms. Differences among plant communities in how well soil resource use by the plant community matches resource supply rates can influence the magnitude of resource fluctuations due to either climate or disturbance and thus the opportunities for invasion. The spatial and temporal patterns of resource availability and acquisition of growth resources by Bromus versus native species strongly influence resistance to invasion. Traits of Bromus that confer a “priority advantage” for resource use in many communities include early-season germination and high growth and reproductive rates. Resistance to Bromus can be overwhelmed by high propagule supply, low innate seed dormancy, and large, if short-lived, seed banks. Biological crusts can inhibit germination and establishment of invasive annual plants, including several annual Bromus species, but are effective only in the absence of disturbance. Herbivores can have negative direct effects on Bromus, but positive indirect effects through decreases in competitors. Management strategies can be improved through increased understanding of community resistance to exotic annual Bromus species.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_10","usgsCitation":"Chambers, J., Germino, M., Belnap, J., Brown, C., Schupp, E.W., and St. Clair, S.B., 2016, Plant community resistance to invasion by Bromus species: The roles of community attributes, Bromus interactions with plant communities, and Bromus traits, chap. of Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US, p. 275-304, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_10.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"304","ipdsId":"IP-057804","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3ee4b0571647cf8dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne","contributorId":32841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":152582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Cynthia","contributorId":77164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schupp, Eugene W.","contributorId":7824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schupp","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"St. Clair, Samuel B","contributorId":152583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Clair","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162547,"text":"70162547 - 2016 - Introduction: Exotic annual Bromus in the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T18:59:12.758462","indexId":"70162547","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Introduction: Exotic annual Bromus in the western USA","title":"Introduction: Exotic annual Bromus in the western USA","docAbstract":"The spread and impacts of exotic species are unambiguous, global threats to many ecosystems. A prominent example is the suite of annual grasses in the Bromus genus (Bromus hereafter) that originate from Europe and Eurasia but have invaded or are invading large areas of the Western USA. This book brings a diverse, multidisciplinary group of authors together to synthesize current knowledge, research needs, and management implications for Bromus. Exotic plant invasions are multifaceted problems, and understanding and managing them requires the biological, ecological, sociological, and economic perspectives that are integrated in this book. Knowing how well information from one geographic or environmental setting can transfer to another is a key need for broadly distributed Bromus species especially given ongoing climate change. Thus, the chapters in the book compare and contrast invasibility of different ecoregions and invasiveness of different Bromus species. A universal theme is managing for ecosystems that are resilient to disturbance and resistant to invasion which will be essential for adaptation to the human-caused problem of Bromus in the Western USA.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_1","usgsCitation":"Germino, M., Chambers, J., and Brown, C.S., 2016, Introduction: Exotic annual Bromus in the western USA, chap. of Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-067359","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585268e2e4b0e2663625ec88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":152582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":75889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Cynthia S.","contributorId":86095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70177896,"text":"70177896 - 2016 - Long period seismicity and very long period infrasound driven by shallow magmatic degassing at Mount Pagan, Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T10:54:36","indexId":"70177896","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-22T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long period seismicity and very long period infrasound driven by shallow magmatic degassing at Mount Pagan, Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"Long period (LP) seismicity and very long period infrasound (iVLP) were recorded during continuous degassing from Mount Pagan, Mariana Islands, in July 2013 to January 2014. The frequency content of the LP and iVLP events and delay times between the two arrivals were remarkably stable and indicate nearly co-located sources. Using phase-weighted stacking over similar events to dampen noise, we find that the LP source centroid is located 60 m below and 180 m west of the summit vent. The moment tensor reveals a volumetric source modeled as resonance of a subhorizontal sill intersecting a dike. We model the seismoacoustic wavefields with a coupled earth-air 3-D finite difference code. The ratios of pressure to velocity measured at the infrasound arrays are an order of magnitude larger than the synthetic ratios, so the iVLP is not the result of LP energy transmitting into the atmosphere at its epicenter. Based on crater shape and dimensions determined by structure from motion, we model the iVLP as acoustic resonance of an exponential horn. The source of the continuous plume from gas analysis is shallow magmatic degassing, which repeatedly pressurized the dike-sill portion of the conduit over the 7 months of observation. Periodic gas release caused the geologically controlled sill to partially collapse and resonate, while venting of gas at the surface triggered resonance in the crater. LP degassing only accounts for ~12% of total degassing, indicating that most degassing is relatively aseismic and that multiple active pathways exist beneath the vent.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012490","usgsCitation":"Lyons, J.J., Haney, M.M., Werner, C.A., Kelly, P.J., Patrick, M.R., Kern, C., and Trusdell, F., 2016, Long period seismicity and very long period infrasound driven by shallow magmatic degassing at Mount Pagan, Mariana Islands: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 1, p. 188-209, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012490.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"209","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070836","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012490","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 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,{"id":70162410,"text":"70162410 - 2016 - Coupled downscaled climate models and ecophysiological metrics forecast habitat compression for an endangered estuarine fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:24:24","indexId":"70162410","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-22T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled downscaled climate models and ecophysiological metrics forecast habitat compression for an endangered estuarine fish","docAbstract":"Climate change is driving rapid changes in environmental conditions and affecting population and species’ persistence across spatial and temporal scales. Integrating climate change assessments into biological resource management, such as conserving endangered species, is a substantial challenge, partly due to a mismatch between global climate forecasts and local or regional conservation planning. Here, we demonstrate how outputs of global climate change models can be downscaled to the watershed scale, and then coupled with ecophysiological metrics to assess climate change effects on organisms of conservation concern. We employed models to estimate future water temperatures (2010–2099) under several climate change scenarios within the large heterogeneous San Francisco Estuary. We then assessed the warming effects on the endangered, endemic Delta Smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, by integrating localized projected water temperatures with thermal sensitivity metrics (tolerance, spawning and maturation windows, and sublethal stress thresholds) across life stages. Lethal temperatures occurred under several scenarios, but sublethal effects resulting from chronic stressful temperatures were more common across the estuary (median >60 days above threshold for >50% locations by the end of the century). Behavioral avoidance of such stressful temperatures would make a large portion of the potential range of Delta Smelt unavailable during the summer and fall. Since Delta Smelt are not likely to migrate to other estuaries, these changes are likely to result in substantial habitat compression. Additionally, the Delta Smelt maturation window was shortened by 18–85 days, revealing cumulative effects of stressful summer and fall temperatures with early initiation of spring spawning that may negatively impact fitness. Our findings highlight the value of integrating sublethal thresholds, life history, and in situ thermal heterogeneity into global change impact assessments. As downscaled climate models are becoming widely available, we conclude that similar assessments at management-relevant scales will improve the scientific basis for resource management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0146724","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Komoroske, L., Wagner, R., Morgan-King, T., May, J.T., Connon, R., and Fangue, N.A., 2016, Coupled downscaled climate models and ecophysiological metrics forecast habitat compression for an endangered estuarine fish: PLoS ONE, Article e0146724; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146724.","productDescription":"Article e0146724; 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066160","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146724","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grizzly Bay, Honker Bay, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Suisun Bay, upper San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3,\n 37.8\n ],\n [\n -122.3,\n 38.6\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 38.6\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 37.8\n ],\n [\n -122.3,\n 37.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a352afe4b0b28f1183bbce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Komoroske, Lisa M","contributorId":152475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komoroske","given":"Lisa M","affiliations":[{"id":18933,"text":"NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, R Wayne","contributorId":152476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"R Wayne","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan-King, Tara 0000-0001-5632-5232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":32804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan-King","given":"Tara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112 jasonmay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason","email":"jasonmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connon, Richard E","contributorId":152478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connon","given":"Richard E","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fangue, Nann A.","contributorId":152479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fangue","given":"Nann","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
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