{"pageNumber":"1105","pageRowStart":"27600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40848,"records":[{"id":70025801,"text":"70025801 - 2003 - Bayesian Estimations of Peak Ground Acceleration and 5% Damped Spectral Acceleration from Modified Mercalli Intensity Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025801","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian Estimations of Peak Ground Acceleration and 5% Damped Spectral Acceleration from Modified Mercalli Intensity Data","docAbstract":"We describe a new probabilistic method that uses observations of modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) from past earthquakes to make quantitative estimates of ground shaking parameters (i.e., peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, 5% damped spectral acceleration values, etc.). The method uses a Bayesian approach to make quantitative estimates of the probabilities of different levels of ground motions from intensity data given an earthquake of known location and magnitude. The method utilizes probability distributions from an intensity/ground motion data set along with a ground motion attenuation relation to estimate the ground motion from intensity. The ground motions with the highest probabilities are the ones most likely experienced at the site of the MMI observation. We test the method using MMI/ground motion data from California and published ground motion attenuation relations to estimate the ground motions for several earthquakes: 1999 Hector Mine, California (M7.1); 1988 Saguenay, Quebec (M5.9); and 1982 Gaza, New Hampshire (M4.4). In an example where the method is applied to a historic earthquake, we estimate that the peak ground accelerations associated with the 1727 (M???5.2) earthquake at Newbury, Massachusetts, ranged from 0.23 g at Newbury to 0.06 g at Boston.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1596549","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Ebel, J., and Wald, D., 2003, Bayesian Estimations of Peak Ground Acceleration and 5% Damped Spectral Acceleration from Modified Mercalli Intensity Data: Earthquake Spectra, v. 19, no. 3, p. 511-529, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1596549.","startPage":"511","endPage":"529","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1596549"},{"id":234938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f029e4b0c8380cd4a609","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, J.E.","contributorId":54619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025872,"text":"70025872 - 2003 - Direct numerical simulation of bedload transport using a local, dynamic boundary condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T19:18:10.709305","indexId":"70025872","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct numerical simulation of bedload transport using a local, dynamic boundary condition","docAbstract":"<p><span>Temporally and spatially averaged models of bedload transport are inadequate to describe the highly variable nature of particle motion at low transport stages. The primary sources of this variability are the resisting forces to downstream motion resulting from the geometrical relation (pocket friction angle) of a bed grain to the grains that it rests upon, variability of the near-bed turbulent velocity field and the local modification of this velocity field by upstream, protruding grains. A model of bedload transport is presented that captures these sources of variability by directly integrating the equations of motion of each particle of a simulated mixed grain-size sediment bed. Experimental data from the velocity field downstream and below the tops of upstream, protruding grains are presented. From these data, an empirical relation for the velocity modification resulting from upstream grains is provided to the bedload model. The temporal variability of near-bed turbulence is provided by a measured near-bed time series of velocity over a gravel bed. The distribution of pocket friction angles results as a consequence of directly calculating the initiation and cessation of motion of each particle as a result of the combination of fluid forcing and interaction with other particles. Calculations of bedload flux in a uniform boundary and simulated pocket friction angles agree favourably with previous studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00555.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Schmeeckle, M., and Nelson, J.M., 2003, Direct numerical simulation of bedload transport using a local, dynamic boundary condition: Sedimentology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 279-301, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00555.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"301","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00555.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01b0e4b0c8380cd4fcf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmeeckle, M.W.","contributorId":7461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeeckle","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025873,"text":"70025873 - 2003 - Microvariability in Seyfert galaxies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025873","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":914,"text":"Astronomical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microvariability in Seyfert galaxies","docAbstract":"We present the results of a search for microvariability in a sample of eight Seyfert galaxies. Microvariability (i.e., variations occurring on timescales of tens of minutes to hours) has been conclusively demonstrated to exist in the class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) known as blazars. Its existence in other classes of AGNs is far less certain. We present the results of a study of eight Seyfert 1 galaxies, which were intensively monitored in order to determine whether such variations exist in these objects. Only one object, Ark 120, displayed any evidence of microvariations. The implications of these results with respect to current models of the mechanisms responsible for the observed emission in Seyfert galaxies are discussed. We compare our results with those obtained from other studies of microvariability in different classes of AGNs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Astronomical Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/373930","issn":"00046256","usgsCitation":"Carini, M., Noble, J., and Miller, H., 2003, Microvariability in Seyfert galaxies: Astronomical Journal, v. 125, no. 4 1768, p. 1811-1816, https://doi.org/10.1086/373930.","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1816","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478407,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/373930","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373930"},{"id":234870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"4 1768","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56ade4b0c8380cd6d746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carini, M.T.","contributorId":16202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carini","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, J.C.","contributorId":41632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, H.R.","contributorId":14989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025875,"text":"70025875 - 2003 - Aggradation of gravels in tidally influenced fluvial systems: Upper Albian (Lower Cretaceous) on the cratonic margin of the North American Western Interior foreland basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025875","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aggradation of gravels in tidally influenced fluvial systems: Upper Albian (Lower Cretaceous) on the cratonic margin of the North American Western Interior foreland basin","docAbstract":"Alluvial conglomerates were widely distributed around the margin of the Early Cretaceous North American Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (KWIS). Conglomerates, sandstones, and lesser amounts of mudstones of the upper Albian Nishnabotna Member of the Dakota Formation were deposited as fill-in valleys that were incised up to 80 m into upper Paleozoic strata. These paleovalleys extended southwestward across present-day northwestern Iowa into eastern Nebraska. Conglomerate samples from four localities in western Iowa and eastern Nebraska consist mostly of polycrystalline quartz with lesser amounts of microcrystalline (mostly chert), and monocrystalline quartz. Previous studies discovered that some chert pebbles contain Ordovician-Pennsylvanian invertebrate fossils. The chert clasts analyzed in this study were consistent with these findings. In addition, we found that non-chert clasts consist of metaquartzite, strained monocrystalline quartz and 'vein' quartz from probable Proterozic sources, indicating that parts of the fluvial system's sediment load must have travelled distances of 400-1200 km. The relative tectonic stability of this subcontinent dictated that stream gradients were relatively low with estimates ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 m/km. Considering the complex sedimentologic relationships that must have been involved, the ability of low-gradient easterly-sourced rivers to entrain gravel clasts was primarily a function of paleodischarge rather than a function of steep gradients. Oxygen isotopic evidence from Albian sphaerosiderite-bearing paleosols in the Dakota Formation and correlative units from Kansas to Alaska suggest that mid-latitude continental rainfall in the Albian was perhaps twice that of the modern climate system. Hydrologic fluxes may have been related to wet-dry climatic cycles on decade or longer scales that could account for the required water supply flux. Regardless of temporal scale, gravels were transported during 'high-energy' pulses, under humid climatic conditions in large catchment areas. An overall rising sea level during the late Albian created accommodation space for the gravelly lithofacies equivalent to the Kiowa-Skull Creek rocks. As Western Interior sea level rose, regional stream gradients were reduced, resulting in regional fluvial aggradation. The conglomeratic lower parts of the Nishnabotna Member of the Dakota Formation formed the transgressive systems tract within an upper Albian sequence that is defined by two unconformities that can be traced from marine Kiowa strata in western Kansas northeastward into western Iowa (Brenner et al., 2000). Mud-draped cross-bedded sandstone bodies, laminated mudstone intervals, and vertical burrows in the lower strata of the Nishnabotna Member indicate that estuarine conditions existed at the mouths of the river system, and tidal effects were transmitted at least 200 km inland from the interpreted late Albian coast. These observations suggest that estuarine conditions stepped up the incised valleys as fluvial sediments aggraded in response to regional transgression that continued through the Late Albian. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cretaceous Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00054-5","issn":"01956671","usgsCitation":"Brenner, R.L., Ludvigson, G.A., Witzke, B., Phillips, P., White, T.S., Ufnar, D.F., Gonzalez, L.A., Joeckel, R.M., Goettemoeller, A., and Shirk, B., 2003, Aggradation of gravels in tidally influenced fluvial systems: Upper Albian (Lower Cretaceous) on the cratonic margin of the North American Western Interior foreland basin: Cretaceous Research, v. 24, no. 4, p. 439-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00054-5.","startPage":"439","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00054-5"},{"id":234907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e908e4b0c8380cd4805a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenner, Richard L.","contributorId":94457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13387,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 669, Cordova, AK  99574","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witzke, B.L.","contributorId":76545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, P.L.","contributorId":82900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, T. S.","contributorId":91219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ufnar, David F.","contributorId":64371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ufnar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Joeckel, R. M.","contributorId":37103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joeckel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goettemoeller, A.","contributorId":17495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goettemoeller","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shirk, B.R.","contributorId":98187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirk","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70026200,"text":"70026200 - 2003 - A proposed coast-wide reference monitoring system for evaluating Wetland restoration trajectories in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026200","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed coast-wide reference monitoring system for evaluating Wetland restoration trajectories in Louisiana","docAbstract":"Wetland restoration efforts conducted in Louisiana under the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act require monitoring the effectiveness of individual projects as well as monitoring the cumulative effects of all projects in restoring, creating, enhancing, and protecting the coastal landscape. The effectiveness of the traditional paired-reference monitoring approach in Louisiana has been limited because of difficulty in finding comparable reference sites. A multiple reference approach is proposed that uses aspects of hydrogeomorphic functional assessments and probabilistic sampling. This approach includes a suite of sites that encompass the range of ecological condition for each stratum, with projects placed on a continuum of conditions found for that stratum. Trajectories in reference sites through time are then compared with project trajectories through time. Plant community zonation complicated selection of indicators, strata, and sample size. The approach proposed could serve as a model for evaluating wetland ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021368722681","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Steyer, G., Sasser, C., Visser, J., Swenson, E., Nyman, J., and Raynie, R., 2003, A proposed coast-wide reference monitoring system for evaluating Wetland restoration trajectories in Louisiana: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 81, no. 1-3, p. 107-117, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021368722681.","startPage":"107","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021368722681"},{"id":234997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e516e4b0c8380cd46afc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyer, G.D. 0000-0001-7231-0110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":40302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasser, C.E.","contributorId":81067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Visser, J.M.","contributorId":23900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swenson, E.M.","contributorId":76475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nyman, J.A.","contributorId":56835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raynie, R.C.","contributorId":106390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raynie","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025143,"text":"70025143 - 2003 - Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:53:09.609395","indexId":"70025143","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigate the&nbsp;</span>performance<span>&nbsp;of a source&nbsp;</span>location<span>&nbsp;</span>method<span>&nbsp;that combines multichannel&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;and particle motions and is being increasingly used to obtain estimates of the source locations of very&nbsp;</span>long<span>&nbsp;</span>period<span>&nbsp;(VLP) seismic&nbsp;</span>signals<span>&nbsp;recorded on volcanoes. The&nbsp;</span>method<span>&nbsp;makes use of the&nbsp;</span>radial<span>&nbsp;particle motions and large wavelengths that characterize the VLP events. To assess the capabilities of this&nbsp;</span>radial<span>&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;</span>method<span>, and to better understand its limitations, we quantify the effects of window length, noise contents of the&nbsp;</span>signal<span>, inaccurate velocity models, receiver coverage, and orientation errors in the horizontal components of the receivers. Our results show that the&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;</span>method<span>&nbsp;performs best when (1) the noise level is low enough to allow a good characterization of the waveforms, (2) the sources are located at distances between one half of the average receiver spacing and about two times the network aperture, and (3) the orientations of the horizontal components of the seismometers are known with relative accuracy. When these requirements are met, the&nbsp;</span>radial<span>&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;</span>method<span>&nbsp;constitutes an adequate tool to obtain preliminary locations of VLP&nbsp;</span>volcanic<span>&nbsp;</span>signals<span>&nbsp;recorded by broadband networks. Moreover, we provide a formula to determine the&nbsp;</span>radial<span>&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;level that should be used to define error regions associated to the estimated source locations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020143","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., and Chouet, B., 2003, Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 5, p. 1890-1903, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020143.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1890","endPage":"1903","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7690e4b0c8380cd781ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025881,"text":"70025881 - 2003 - Excess nitrogen in selected thermal and mineral springs of the Cascade Range in northern California, Oregon, and Washington: Sedimentary or volcanic in origin?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:30:27","indexId":"70025881","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Excess nitrogen in selected thermal and mineral springs of the Cascade Range in northern California, Oregon, and Washington: Sedimentary or volcanic in origin?","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id15\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id16\"><p>Anomalous N<sub>2</sub>/Ar values occur in many thermal springs and mineral springs, some volcanic fumaroles, and at least one acid-sulfate spring of the Cascade Range. Our data show that N<sub>2</sub>/Ar values are as high as 300 in gas from some of the hot springs, as high as 1650 in gas from some of the mineral springs, and as high as 2400 in gas from the acid-sulfate spring on Mt. Shasta. In contrast, gas discharging from hot springs that contain nitrogen and argon solely of atmospheric origin typically exhibits N<sub>2</sub>/Ar values of 40–80, depending on the spring temperature. If the excess nitrogen in the thermal and mineral springs is of sedimentary origin then the geothermal potential of the area must be small, but if the nitrogen is of volcanic origin then the geothermal potential must be very large. End-member excess nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) is +5.3‰ for the thermal waters of the Oregon Cascades but is only about +1‰ for fumaroles on Mt. Hood and the acid-sulfate spring on Mt. Shasta. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations are highest for thermal springs associated with aquifers between 120 and 140°C. Chloride is the major anion in most of the nitrogen-rich springs of the Cascade Range, and N<sub>2</sub>/Ar values generally increase as chloride concentrations increase. Chloride and excess nitrogen in the thermal waters of the Oregon Cascades probably originate in an early Tertiary marine formation that has been buried by the late Tertiary and Quaternary lava flows of the High Cascades. The widespread distribution of excess nitrogen that has been generated in low to moderate-temperature sedimentary environments is further proof of the restricted geothermal potential of the Cascade Range.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00414-6","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Mariner, R.H., Evans, W.C., Presser, T.S., and White, L.D., 2003, Excess nitrogen in selected thermal and mineral springs of the Cascade Range in northern California, Oregon, and Washington: Sedimentary or volcanic in origin?: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 121, no. 1-2, p. 99-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00414-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00414-6"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","volume":"121","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0da6e4b0c8380cd53114","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presser, T. S.","contributorId":93875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025886,"text":"70025886 - 2003 - Birth of the modern Chesapeake Bay estuary between 7.4 and 8.2 ka and implications for global sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T13:47:26","indexId":"70025886","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Birth of the modern Chesapeake Bay estuary between 7.4 and 8.2 ka and implications for global sea-level rise","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two major pulses of sea-level rise are thought to have taken place since the last glacial maximum — meltwater pulses (mwp) 1A (12 cal ka) and 1B (9.5 cal ka). Between mwp 1B and about 6 cal ka, many of the complex coastal ecosystems which ring the world’s oceans began to form. Here we report data for rhenium, carbon isotopes, total organic carbon, and fossil oysters from Chesapeake Bay which span the transition from fresh to brackish water conditions in the bay in the mid-Holocene. These data constrain sea-level change and resulting environmental change in the bay. They indicate that the transition was rapid, and that it was produced by (1) a third pulse of rapid eustatic sea-level rise, or (2) a geometry of the prehistoric Chesapeake Bay basin which predisposed it to a nonlinear response to a steadily rising sea level. Similar nonlinear changes in vulnerable coastal environments are likely to take place in the future due to polar warming, regardless of the timing or rate of sea-level rise.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-002-0112-z","usgsCitation":"Bratton, J.F., Colman, S.M., Thieler, E.R., and Seal, R.R., 2003, Birth of the modern Chesapeake Bay estuary between 7.4 and 8.2 ka and implications for global sea-level rise: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 22, no. 4, p. 188-197, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-002-0112-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"197","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.839111328125,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.839111328125,\n              40.421860362045194\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              40.421860362045194\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.57421875,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1cfe4b0c8380cd4ae2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratton, John F. 0000-0003-0376-4981 jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. rseal@usgs.gov","contributorId":127495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025893,"text":"70025893 - 2003 - Effects of brevetoxins on murine myeloma SP2/O cells: Aberrant cellular division","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025893","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2078,"text":"International Journal of Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of brevetoxins on murine myeloma SP2/O cells: Aberrant cellular division","docAbstract":"Massive deaths of manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) during the red tide seasons have been attributed to brevetoxins produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (formerly Ptychodiscus breve and Gymnodinium breve). Although these toxins have been found in macrophages and lymphocytes in the lung, liver, and secondary lymphoid tissues of these animals, the molecular mechanisms of brevetoxicosis have not yet been identified. To investigate the effects of brevetoxins on immune cells, a murine myeloma cell line (SP2/O) was used as a model for in vitro studies. By adding brevetoxins to cultures of the SP2/O cells at concentrations ranging from 20 to 600 ng/ml, an apparent increase in proliferation was observed at around 2 hours post challenge as compared to the unchallenged cell cultures. This was followed by a drop in cell number at around 3 hours, suggesting an aberrant effect of brevetoxins on cellular division, the cells generated at 2 hours being apparently short-lived. In situ immunochemical staining of the SP2/O cells at 1 and 2 hour post challenge showed an accumulation of the toxins in the nucleus. A 21-kDa protein was subsequently isolated from the SP2/O cells as having brevetoxin-binding properties, and immunologically identified as p21, a nuclear factor known to down-regulate cellular proliferation through inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. These data are the first on a possible effect of brevetoxins on the cell cycle via binding to p21, a phenomenon that needs to be further investigated and validated in normal immune cells.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/10915810305095","issn":"10915818","usgsCitation":"Han, T., Derby, M., Martin, D., Wright, S., and Dao, M., 2003, Effects of brevetoxins on murine myeloma SP2/O cells: Aberrant cellular division: International Journal of Toxicology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 73-80, https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810305095.","startPage":"73","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208691,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810305095"},{"id":234611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a069ce4b0c8380cd51325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, T.K.","contributorId":72180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derby, M.","contributorId":80472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derby","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, D.F.","contributorId":24537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, S.D.","contributorId":19660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dao, M.L.","contributorId":69756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dao","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025147,"text":"70025147 - 2003 - Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025147","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density","docAbstract":"We developed a movement model to examine the distribution and survival of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in a reservoir subject to large spatial and temporal variation in dissolved oxygen and temperature. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were simulated by a CE-QUAL-W2 model of Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho for a typical wet, normal, and dry hydrologic year. We compared current water quality conditions to scenarios with reduced nutrient inputs to the reservoir. White sturgeon habitat quality was modeled as a function of temperature, dissolved oxygen and, in some cases, suitability for foraging and depth. We assigned a quality index to each cell along the bottom of the reservoir. The model simulated two aspects of daily movement. Advective movement simulated the tendency for animals to move toward areas with high habitat quality, and diffusion simulated density dependent movement away from areas with high sturgeon density in areas with non-lethal habitat conditions. Mortality resulted when sturgeon were unable to leave areas with lethal temperature or dissolved oxygen conditions. Water quality was highest in winter and early spring and lowest in mid to late summer. Limiting nutrient inputs reduced the area of Brownlee Reservoir with lethal conditions for sturgeon and raised the average habitat suitability throughout the reservoir. Without movement, simulated white sturgeon survival ranged between 45 and 89%. Allowing movement raised the predicted survival of sturgeon under all conditions to above 90% as sturgeon avoided areas with low habitat quality. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A., Jager, H., and Myers, R., 2003, Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density: Ecological Modelling, v. 167, no. 1-2, p. 97-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8.","startPage":"97","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8"},{"id":236211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c5ee4b0c8380cd6fc2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, A.B.","contributorId":17030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jager, H.I.","contributorId":99734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jager","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, R.","contributorId":80060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025895,"text":"70025895 - 2003 - A delayed action oscillator shared by biennial, interannual, and decadal signals in the Pacific Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025895","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A delayed action oscillator shared by biennial, interannual, and decadal signals in the Pacific Basin","docAbstract":"Biennial, interannual, and decadal signals in the Pacific basin are observed to share patterns and evolution in covarying sea surface temperature (SST), 18??C isotherm depth (Z18), zonal surface wind (ZSW), and wind stress curl (WSC) anomalies from 1955 to 1999. Each signal has warm SST anomalies propagating slowly eastward along the equator, generating westerly ZSW anomalies in their wake. These westerly ZSW anomalies produce cyclonic WSC anomalies off the equator which pump baroclinic Rossby waves in the western/central tropical North Pacific Ocean. These Rossby waves propagate westward, taking ???6, ???12, and ???36 months to reach the western boundary near ???7??N, ???12??N, and ???18??N on biennial, interannual, and decadal period scales, respectively. There, they reflect as equatorial coupled waves, propagating slowly eastward in covarying SST, Z18, and ZSW anomalies, taking ???6, ???12, and ???24 months to reach the central/eastern equatorial ocean. These equatorial coupled waves produce a delayed-negative feedback to the warm SST anomalies there. The decrease in Rossby wave phase speed with latitude, the increase in meridional scale of equatorial SST anomalies with period scale, and the associated increase in latitude of Rossby wave forcing are consistent with the delayed action oscillator (DAO) model used to explain El Nin??o. However, this is not true of the western-boundary reflection of Rossby waves into slow equatorial coupled waves. This requires modification of the extant DAO model. We construct a modified DAO model, demonstrating how the various mechanisms and the size and sources of their delays yield the resulting frequency of each signal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"White, W.B., Tourre, Y., Barlow, M., and Dettinger, M., 2003, A delayed action oscillator shared by biennial, interannual, and decadal signals in the Pacific Basin: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 108, no. 3, p. 15-1.","startPage":"15","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"-13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3ade4b0c8380cd46187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Warren B.","contributorId":26111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tourre, Y.M.","contributorId":46739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourre","given":"Y.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, M.","contributorId":105029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025964,"text":"70025964 - 2003 - Characterization and diagenesis of strong-acid carboxyl groups in humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T13:19:09","indexId":"70025964","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and diagenesis of strong-acid carboxyl groups in humic substances","docAbstract":"A small fraction of carboxylic acid functional groups in humic substances are exceptionally acidic with pKa values as low as 0.5. A review of acid-group theory eliminated most models and explanations for these exceptionally acidic carboxyl groups. These acidic carboxyl groups in Suwannee River fulvic acid were enriched by a 2-stage fractionation process and the fractions were characterized by elemental, molecular-weight, and titrimetric analyses, and by infrared and 13C- and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. An average structural model of the most acidic fraction derived from the characterization data indicated a high density of carboxyl groups clustered on oxygen-heterocycle alicyclic rings. Intramolecular H-bonding between adjacent carboxyl groups in these ring structures enhanced stabilization of the carboxylate anion which results in low pKa1 values. The standard, tetrahydrofuran tetracarboxylic acid, was shown to have similar acidity characteristics to the highly acidic fulvic acid fraction. The end products of 3 known diagenetic pathways for the formation of humic substances were shown to result in carboxyl groups clustered on oxygen-heterocycle alicyclic rings.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00100-2","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wershaw, R., Brown, G., and Reddy, M., 2003, Characterization and diagenesis of strong-acid carboxyl groups in humic substances: Applied Geochemistry, v. 18, no. 3, p. 471-482, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00100-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4ace4b0c8380cd4be54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, G.K.","contributorId":62362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026197,"text":"70026197 - 2003 - Assessing the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing to characterize fish community structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:14:21","indexId":"70026197","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing to characterize fish community structure","docAbstract":"<p>Two-pass backpack electrofishing data collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program were analyzed to assess the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing. A two-capture removal model was used to estimate, within 10 river basins across the United States, proportional fish species richness from one-pass electrofishing and probabilities of detection for individual fish species. Mean estimated species richness from first-pass sampling (p<sub>s1</sub>) ranged from 80.7% to 100% of estimated total species richness for each river basin, based on at least seven samples per basin. However, p<sub>s1</sub> values for individual sites ranged from 40% to 100% of estimated total species richness. Additional species unique to the second pass were collected in 50.3% of the samples. Of these, cyprinids and centrarchids were collected most frequently. Proportional fish species richness estimated for the first pass increased significantly with decreasing stream width for 1 of the 10 river basins. When used to calculate probabilities of detection of individual fish species, the removal model failed 48% of the time because the number of individuals of a species was greater in the second pass than in the first pass. Single-pass backpack electrofishing data alone may make it difficult to determine whether characterized fish community structure data are real or spurious. The two-pass removal model can be used to assess the effectiveness of sampling species richness with a single electrofishing pass. However, the two-pass removal model may have limited utility to determine probabilities of detection of individual species and, thus, limit the ability to assess the effectiveness of single-pass sampling to characterize species relative abundances. Multiple-pass (at least three passes) backpack electrofishing at a large number of sites may not be cost-effective as part of a standardized sampling protocol for large-geographic-scale studies. However, multiple-pass electrofishing at some sites may be necessary to better evaluate the adequacy of single-pass electrofishing and to help make meaningful interpretations of fish community structure.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0039:ATEOSP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Meador, M.R., McIntyre, J., and Pollock, K.H., 2003, Assessing the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing to characterize fish community structure: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 1, p. 39-46, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0039:ATEOSP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"39","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0039:ATEOSP>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede9e4b0c8380cd49acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, J.P.","contributorId":94471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026196,"text":"70026196 - 2003 - Using a 1200 kHz workhorse ADCP with mode 12 to measure near bottom mean currents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026196","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using a 1200 kHz workhorse ADCP with mode 12 to measure near bottom mean currents","docAbstract":"Using high frequency Acoustic Doppler Current (ADCP) profiling technology, it is possible to make high-resolution measurements of mean current profiles within a few meters of the seabed. In coastal applications, mean current speeds may be 10 cm/s or less, and oscillatory wave currents may exceed 100 cm/s during storm events. To resolve mean flows of 10 cm/s or less under these conditions, accuracies of 1 cm/s or better are desirable.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Seventh Working Conference on Current Measurement; Current and Wave Monitoring and Emerging Technologies","conferenceDate":"13 March 2003 through 15 March 2003","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Martini, M., 2003, Using a 1200 kHz workhorse ADCP with mode 12 to measure near bottom mean currents, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement, San Diego, CA, 13 March 2003 through 15 March 2003.","startPage":"250","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc020e4b08c986b329f41","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rizoli J.A.","contributorId":128304,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rizoli J.A.","id":536584,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Martini, M.","contributorId":24909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025969,"text":"70025969 - 2003 - Isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: Inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T16:16:04.313654","indexId":"70025969","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: Inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>Fire is an important pathway for carbon (C) loss from boreal forest ecosystems and has a strong effect on ecosystem C balance. Fires can range widely in severity, defined as the amount of vegetation and forest floor consumed by fire, depending on local fuel and climatic conditions. Here we explore a novel method for estimating fire severity and loss of C from fire using the atmosphere to integrate ecosystem heterogeneity at the watershed scale. We measured the δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C and Δ</span><sup>14</sup><span>C isotopic values of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emitted from an experimental forest fire at the Caribou-Poker Creek Research Watershed (CPCRW), near Fairbanks, Alaska. We used inverse modeling combined with dual isotope measurements of C contained in aboveground black spruce biomass and soil organic horizons to estimate the amount of C released by this fire. The experimental burn was a medium to severe intensity fire that released, on average, about 2.5 kg Cm</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, more than half of the C contained in vegetation and soil organic horizon pools. For vegetation, the model predicted that approximately 70–75% of pools such as needles, fine branches, and bark were consumed by fire, whereas only 20–30% of pools such as coarse branches and cones were consumed. The fire was predicted to have almost completely consumed surface soil organic horizons and burned about half of the deepest humic horizon. The ability to estimate the amount of biomass combusted and C emission from fires at the watershed scale provides an extensive approach that can complement more limited intensive ground-based measurements.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001gb001840","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Schuur, E., Trumbore, S., Mack, M., and Harden, J., 2003, Isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: Inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 17, no. 1, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001840.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001840","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.2822265625,\n              64.37794095121995\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.513671875,\n              64.37794095121995\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.513671875,\n              65.34851379240024\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.2822265625,\n              65.34851379240024\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.2822265625,\n              64.37794095121995\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f9fe4b0c8380cd64682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuur, E.A.G.","contributorId":106679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"E.A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trumbore, S.E.","contributorId":57879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbore","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, M.C.","contributorId":87238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025971,"text":"70025971 - 2003 - Signatures of the seismic source in EMD-based characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake recordings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T15:55:11","indexId":"70025971","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Signatures of the seismic source in EMD-based characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake recordings","docAbstract":"<p>In this article we use empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to characterize the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake records and investigate the signatures carried over from the source rupture process. Comparison of the current study results with existing source inverse solutions that use traditional data processing suggests that the EMD-based characterization contains information that sheds light on aspects of the earthquake rupture process. We first summarize the fundamentals of the EMD and illustrate its features through the analysis of a hypothetical and a real record. Typically, the Northridge strong-motion records are decomposed into eight or nine intrinsic mode functions (IMF's), each of which emphasizes a different oscillation mode with different amplitude and frequency content. The first IMF has the highest-frequency content; frequency content decreases with an increase in IMF component. With the aid of a finite-fault inversion method, we then examine aspects of the source of the 1994 Northridge earthquake that are reflected in the second to fifth IMF components. This study shows that the second IMF is predominantly wave motion generated near the hypocenter, with high-frequency content that might be related to a large stress drop associated with the initiation of the earthquake. As one progresses from the second to the fifth IMF component, there is a general migration of the source region away from the hypocenter with associated longer-period signals as the rupture propagates. This study suggests that the different IMF components carry information on the earthquake rupture process that is expressed in their different frequency bands.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120010285","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Zhang, R., Ma, S., and Hartzell, S., 2003, Signatures of the seismic source in EMD-based characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake recordings: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 501-518, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010285.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.20602416992188,\n              34.36894463006109\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.28224182128906,\n              34.371211682026164\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38729858398436,\n              34.35193978491414\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.40309143066405,\n              34.18738185995052\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.22937011718749,\n              34.14306652783193\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.13323974609374,\n              34.17431693701009\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.11538696289062,\n              34.275375297643876\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.17649841308594,\n              34.35023911062779\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.20602416992188,\n              34.36894463006109\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f10e4b08c986b318ce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, R.R.","contributorId":18942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, S.","contributorId":59189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025974,"text":"70025974 - 2003 - Mapping the spatial distribution and time evolution of snow water equivalent with passive microwave measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025974","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the spatial distribution and time evolution of snow water equivalent with passive microwave measurements","docAbstract":"This paper presents an algorithm that estimates the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of snow water equivalent and snow depth based on passive remote sensing measurements. It combines the inversion of passive microwave remote sensing measurements via dense media radiative transfer modeling results with snow accumulation and melt model predictions to yield improved estimates of snow depth and snow water equivalent, at a pixel resolution of 5 arc-min. In the inversion, snow grain size evolution is constrained based on pattern matching by using the local snow temperature history. This algorithm is applied to produce spatial snow maps of Upper Rio Grande River basin in Colorado. The simulation results are compared with that of the snow accumulation and melt model and a linear regression method. The quantitative comparison with the ground truth measurements from four Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) sites in the basin shows that this algorithm is able to improve the estimation of snow parameters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2003.808907","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Guo, J., Tsang, L., Josberger, E., Wood, A., Hwang, J., and Lettenmaier, D., 2003, Mapping the spatial distribution and time evolution of snow water equivalent with passive microwave measurements: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 41, no. 3, p. 612-621, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.808907.","startPage":"612","endPage":"621","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.808907"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a508ae4b0c8380cd6b765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, J.","contributorId":47953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsang, L.","contributorId":43950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, A.W.","contributorId":43542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hwang, J.-N.","contributorId":54776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"J.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025980,"text":"70025980 - 2003 - Interdecadal change in the deep Puget sound benthos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025980","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interdecadal change in the deep Puget sound benthos","docAbstract":"Data from quantitative samples of the benthos at a 200-m site in central Puget Sound, collected twice yearly in most years between 1963 and 1992, were evaluated to determine the extent to which species composition in a continental-shelf depth community exhibits long-term persistence. Study results showed that the most abundant species were consistently present over the 30-year period. However, measures of species composition (e.g., similarity, diversity) reveal a subtle, gradual change in the community over time. Among the changes are (1) multi-year periods of greatly increased abundance of the common species; (2) an overall increase in the total abundance of the benthic community beginning in the mid-1970s; (3) periods of increased abundance, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, of two species that are tolerant of organic enrichment; and (4) the steady decline in abundance of the large burrowing echinoderm, Brisaster latifrons as a consequence of the lack of recruitment to the site since 1970. Despite the conspicuousness of these changes, there are no observed environmental factors that readily explain them. Circumstantial evidence suggests that climate-related change in Puget Sound circulation beginning in the mid-1970s, organic enrichment associated with a nearby large source of primary-treated sewage, and the influence of changes in the abundance of the large echinoderms on the smaller species are potential agents of change. The principle reasons for our inability to identify causes of long-term change in the Puget Sound benthos are (a) inconsistent long-term monitoring of environmental variables, (b) the lack of quantitative information about long-term changes in plankton and fish populations, (c) lack of knowledge of specific predator/prey and competitive interactions in soft bottom benthos, (d) unknown influence of moderate levels of contamination on biota; and (e) lack of understanding of possible linkages between climate regime shifts and fluctuations in local biological populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1025453700512","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F., 2003, Interdecadal change in the deep Puget sound benthos: Hydrobiologia, v. 493, p. 95-114, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025453700512.","startPage":"95","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208796,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025453700512"},{"id":234796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"493","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf4e4b0c8380cd631a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025981,"text":"70025981 - 2003 - Serpentinization of abyssal peridotites from the MARK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Sulfur geochemistry and reaction modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025981","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serpentinization of abyssal peridotites from the MARK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Sulfur geochemistry and reaction modeling","docAbstract":"The opaque mineralogy and the contents and isotope compositions of sulfur in serpentinized peridotites from the MARK (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Kane Fracture Zone) area were examined to understand the conditions of serpentinization and evaluate this process as a sink for seawater sulfur. The serpentinites contain a sulfur-rich secondary mineral assemblage and have high sulfur contents (up to 1 wt.%) and elevated ??34Ssulfide (3.7 to 12.7???). Geochemical reaction modeling indicates that seawater-peridotite interaction at 300 to 400??C alone cannot account for both the high sulfur contents and high ??34Ssulfide. These require a multistage reaction with leaching of sulfide from subjacent gabbro during higher temperature (???400??C) reactions with seawater and subsequent deposition of sulfide during serpentinization of peridotite at ???300??C. Serpentinization produces highly reducing conditions and significant amounts of H2 and results in the partial reduction of seawater carbonate to methane. The latter is documented by formation of carbonate veins enriched in 13C (up to 4.5???) at temperatures above 250??C. Although different processes produce variable sulfur isotope effects in other oceanic serpentinites, sulfur is consistently added to abyssal peridotites during serpentinization. Data for serpentinites drilled and dredged from oceanic crust and from ophiolites indicate that oceanic peridotites are a sink for up to 0.4 to 6.0 ?? 1012 g seawater S yr-1. This is comparable to sulfur exchange that occurs in hydrothermal systems in mafic oceanic crust at midocean ridges and on ridge flanks and amounts to 2 to 30% of the riverine sulfate source and sedimentary sulfide sink in the oceans. The high concentrations and modified isotope compositions of sulfur in serpentinites could be important for mantle metasomatism during subduction of crust generated at slow spreading rates. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01142-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Alt, J., and Shanks, W.C., 2003, Serpentinization of abyssal peridotites from the MARK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Sulfur geochemistry and reaction modeling: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, no. 4, p. 641-653, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01142-0.","startPage":"641","endPage":"653","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208797,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01142-0"},{"id":234797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d65e4b08c986b318397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alt, J.C.","contributorId":72951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025532,"text":"70025532 - 2003 - Predicting reservoir-scale faults with area balance: Application to growth stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70025532","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting reservoir-scale faults with area balance: Application to growth stratigraphy","docAbstract":"A reservoir that appears to lack faults at one scale of resolution or at one sampling density may nevertheless contain faults that are below the resolution of the observations. The area-depth relationship from a balanced cross-section is shown to contain the necessary information for predicting the sub-resolution fault heave. Existing area-depth theory is extended to include growth units, allowing structural length and thickness changes to be separated from the depositional changes. The technique is validated with a numerical model of a growth full graben and a sand-box model of a half graben; then field tested in the Gilbertown graben, a growth structure within the regional peripheral fault trend along the northern margin of the Gulf of Mexico. A cross-section developed from wells alone is used to infer the abundance of sub-resolution faults by the area-balance technique. A small but significant amount of sub-resolution extension is predicted and then confirmed with a high-resolution seismic line. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0191-8141(03)00002-6","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Groshong, R., Pashin, J., Chai, B., and Schneeflock, R., 2003, Predicting reservoir-scale faults with area balance: Application to growth stratigraphy: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 25, no. 10, p. 1645-1658, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(03)00002-6.","startPage":"1645","endPage":"1658","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209411,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(03)00002-6"},{"id":235826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c7e4b0c8380cd7b711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groshong, R.H. Jr.","contributorId":56398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groshong","given":"R.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashin, J.C.","contributorId":41897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chai, B.","contributorId":40783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chai","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schneeflock, R.D.","contributorId":94478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneeflock","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026032,"text":"70026032 - 2003 - Evaluation of landscape models for wolverines in the interior Northwest, United States of America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:28:47","indexId":"70026032","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of landscape models for wolverines in the interior Northwest, United States of America","docAbstract":"The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is an uncommon, wide-ranging carnivore of conservation concern. We evaluated performance of landscape models for wolverines within their historical range at 2 scales in the interior Northwest based on recent observations (n = 421) from Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. At the subbasin scale, simple overlays of habitat and road-density classes were effective in predicting observations of wolverines. At the watershed scale, we used a Bayesian belief network model to provide spatially explicit estimates of relative habitat capability. The model has 3 inputs: amount of habitat, human population density, and road density. At both scales, the best models revealed strong correspondence between means of predicted counts of wolverines and means of observed counts (P < 0.001). Our results can be used to guide regional conservation planning for this elusive animal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0092:EOLMFW>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Rowland, M., Wisdom, M., Johnson, D.H., Wales, B., Copeland, J., and Edelmann, F., 2003, Evaluation of landscape models for wolverines in the interior Northwest, United States of America: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 1, p. 92-105, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0092:EOLMFW>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487519,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0092:eolmfw>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208659,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0092:EOLMFW>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8ee4b0c8380cd52bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowland, M.M.","contributorId":30941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wisdom, M.J.","contributorId":102830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisdom","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wales, B.C.","contributorId":17942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wales","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Copeland, J.P.","contributorId":106055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edelmann, F.B.","contributorId":56597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelmann","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025412,"text":"70025412 - 2003 - Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:02:30","indexId":"70025412","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span>In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, glaciers are the source of meltwater during the austral summer, and the streams and adjacent hyporheic zones constitute the entire physical watershed; there are no hillslope processes in these systems. Hyporheic zones can extend several metres from each side of the stream, and are up to 70 cm deep, corresponding to a lateral cross‐section as large as 12 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, and water resides in the subsurface year around. In this study, we differentiate between the near‐stream hyporheic zone, which can be characterized with stream tracer experiments, and the extended hyporheic zone, which has a longer time‐scale of exchange. We sampled stream water from Green Creek and from the adjacent saturated alluvium for stable isotopes of D and&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O to assess the significance and extent of stream‐water exchange between the streams and extended hyporheic zones over long time‐scales (days to weeks). Our results show that water residing in the extended hyporheic zone is much more isotopically enriched (up to 11‰ D and 2·2‰&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O) than stream water. This result suggests a long residence time within the extended hyporheic zone, during which fractionation has occurred owing to summer evaporation and winter sublimation of hyporheic water. We found less enriched water in the extended hyporheic zone later in the flow season, suggesting that stream water may be exchanged into and out of this zone, on the time‐scale of weeks to months. The transient storage model OTIS was used to characterize the exchange of stream water with the extended hyporheic zone. Model results yield exchange rates (α) generally an order magnitude lower (10</span><sup>−5</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) than those determined using stream‐tracer techniques on the same stream. In light of previous studies in these streams, these results suggest that the hyporheic zones in Antarctic streams have near‐stream zones of rapid stream‐water exchange, where ‘fast’ biogeochemical reactions may influence water chemistry, and extended hyporheic zones, in which slower biogeochemical reaction rates may affect stream‐water chemistry at longer time‐scales.&nbsp;</span></p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1210","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Gooseff, M., McKnight, D.M., Runkel, R.L., and Vaughn, B.H., 2003, Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 9, p. 1691-1710, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1210.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1691","endPage":"1710","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1210"}],"volume":"17","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fff0e4b0c8380cd4f4af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughn, B. H.","contributorId":63806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025579,"text":"70025579 - 2003 - Setting an effective TMDL: Sediment loading and effects of suspended sediment on fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:10:49.561709","indexId":"70025579","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Setting an effective TMDL: Sediment loading and effects of suspended sediment on fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport model was used to examine the relationship between&nbsp;</span>fish<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>suspended<span>&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>&nbsp;in the context of a proposed total maximum daily load (</span>TMDL<span>) in two agricultural watersheds in Minnesota. During a 50-year simulation, Wells Creek, a third-order cold water stream, had an estimated 1,164 events (i.e., one or more consecutive days of estimated&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>&nbsp;</span>loading<span>) and the Chippewa River, a fourth-order warm water stream, had 906 events of measurable&nbsp;</span>suspended<span>&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>. Sublethal thresholds were exceeded for 970 events and lethal levels for 194 events for brown trout in Wells Creek, whereas adult nonsalmonidis would have experienced sublethal levels for 923 events and lethal levels for 241 events. Sublethal levels were exceeded for 756 events and lethal thresholds were exceeded for 150 events in the Chippewa River. Nonsalmonids would have experienced 15 events of mortality between 0 and 20 percent in Wells Creek. In the Chippewa River, there were 35 events of mortality between 0 and 20 percent and one event in which mortality could have exceeded 20 percent. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency has proposed listing stream reaches as being impaired for turbidity at 25 NTU, which is approximately 46 mg&nbsp;</span>suspended<span>&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>/l. We estimated that 46 mg/l would be exceeded approximately 30 days in a year (d/yr) in both systems. A&nbsp;</span>TMDL<span>&nbsp;of 46 mg SS/l may be too high to ensure that stream fishes are not negatively affected by&nbsp;</span>suspended<span>&nbsp;</span>sediment<span>. We recommend that an indicator incorporating the duration of exposure be applied.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Vondracek, B., Zimmerman, J.K., and Westra, J., 2003, Setting an effective TMDL: Sediment loading and effects of suspended sediment on fish: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1005-1015, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1015","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d6fe4b08c986b3183db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, J. K. H.","contributorId":105898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westra, J.V.","contributorId":86159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westra","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025577,"text":"70025577 - 2003 - Modeling precipitation and sorption of elements during mixing of river water and porewater in the Coeur d'Alene River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:45:44","indexId":"70025577","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling precipitation and sorption of elements during mixing of river water and porewater in the Coeur d'Alene River basin","docAbstract":"Reddish brown flocs form along the edge of the Coeur d'Alene River when porewater drains into river water during the annual lowering of water level in the basin. The precipitates are efficient scavengers of dissolved elements and have characteristics that may make metals associated with them bioavailable. This work characterizes the geochemistry of the porewater and models the formation and composition of the flocs. Porewater is slightly acidic, has suboxic to anoxic characteristics, tends to have higher alkalinity, and contains elevated concentrations of many constituents relative to river water. Laboratory mixing experiments involving porewater and river water were done to produce the precipitates. Thermodynamic predictions using PHREEQC indicate that predicted amounts of ferrihydrite and gibbsite agree with removal of Fe and Al. Predictions of element removal by adsorption onto ferrihydrite are consistent with observed removal using a combination of surface complexation constants for the generalized two-layer model (As and Se), alternative surface constants derived from experiments at high sorbate-to-sorbent ratios (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and adjusted surface constants to fit experimental data (Cr, Mo, and Sb). This new set of surface complexation constants needs further testing in other contaminated systems.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0303283","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Box, S.E., and Tonkin, J., 2003, Modeling precipitation and sorption of elements during mixing of river water and porewater in the Coeur d'Alene River basin: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 20, p. 4694-4701, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0303283.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4694","endPage":"4701","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0303283"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d’Alene Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              47.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5,\n              47.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5,\n              47.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              47.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              47.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c1fe4b0c8380cd6fa50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, S. E.","contributorId":38567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonkin, J.W.","contributorId":52774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonkin","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025574,"text":"70025574 - 2003 - Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 1. Vegetation changes north of 55°N between the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene, and present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T16:06:08","indexId":"70025574","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 1. Vegetation changes north of 55°N between the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene, and present","docAbstract":"A unified scheme to assign pollen samples to vegetation types was used to reconstruct vegetation patterns north of 55??N at the last glacial maximum (LGM) and mid-Holocene (6000 years B.P.). The pollen data set assembled for this purpose represents a comprehensive compilation based on the work of many projects and research groups. Five tundra types (cushion forb tundra, graminoid and forb tundra, prostrate dwarf-shrub tundra, erect dwarf-shrub tundra, and low- and high-shrub tundra) were distinguished and mapped on the basis of modern pollen surface samples. The tundra-forest boundary and the distributions of boreal and temperate forest types today were realistically reconstructed. During the mid-Holocene the tundra-forest boundary was north of its present position in some regions, but the pattern of this shift was strongly asymmetrical around the pole, with the largest northward shift in central Siberia (???200 km), little change in Beringia, and a southward shift in Keewatin and Labrador (???200 km). Low- and high-shrub tundra extended farther north than today. At the LGM, forests were absent from high latitudes. Graminoid and forb tundra abutted on temperate steppe in northwestern Eurasia while prostrate dwarf-shrub, erect dwarf-shrub, and graminoid and forb tundra formed a mosaic in Beringia. Graminoid and forb tundra is restricted today and does not form a large continuous biome, but the pollen data show that it was far more extensive at the LGM, while low- and high-shrub tundra were greatly reduced, illustrating the potential for climate change to dramatically alter the relative areas occupied by different vegetation types.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002JD002558","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bigelow, N., Brubaker, L., Edwards, M.E., Harrison, S.P., Prentice, I.C., Anderson, P.M., Andreev, A., Bartlein, P., Christensen, T., Cramer, W., Kaplan, J., Lozhkin, A., Matveyeva, N., Murray, D., McGuire, A., Razzhivin, V., Ritchie, J., Smith, B., Walker, D., Gajewski, K., Wolf, V., Holmqvist, B., Igarashi, Y., Kremenetskii, K., Paus, A., Pisaric, M., and Volkova, V., 2003, Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 1. Vegetation changes north of 55°N between the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene, and present: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002558.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478530,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002558","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f64ae4b0c8380cd4c67b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bigelow, N.H.","contributorId":85352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigelow","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brubaker, L.B.","contributorId":29153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brubaker","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, M. E.","contributorId":29977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrison, S. P.","contributorId":78488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prentice, I. C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, P. M.","contributorId":71722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Andreev, A.A.","contributorId":102229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreev","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Christensen, T.R.","contributorId":81440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cramer, W.","contributorId":102231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kaplan, J.O.","contributorId":97288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lozhkin, A.V.","contributorId":62782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lozhkin","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Matveyeva, N.V.","contributorId":108300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matveyeva","given":"N.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Murray, D.F.","contributorId":29184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Razzhivin, V.Y.","contributorId":73798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razzhivin","given":"V.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Ritchie, J.C.","contributorId":89299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Smith, B.","contributorId":53740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Walker, D.A.","contributorId":82484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Gajewski, K.","contributorId":73389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gajewski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wolf, V.","contributorId":20131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Holmqvist, B.H.","contributorId":34701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmqvist","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Igarashi, Y.","contributorId":21329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igarashi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Kremenetskii, K.","contributorId":97689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kremenetskii","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Paus, A.","contributorId":99357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paus","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Pisaric, M.F.J.","contributorId":13794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pisaric","given":"M.F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Volkova, V.S.","contributorId":60003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkova","given":"V.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}}
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