{"pageNumber":"1106","pageRowStart":"27625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40850,"records":[{"id":70025726,"text":"70025726 - 2003 - Influence of transitional volcanic strata on lateral diversion at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:51:29","indexId":"70025726","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of transitional volcanic strata on lateral diversion at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>Natural hydraulic barriers exist at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential high‐level nuclear waste repository, that have been identified as possible lateral diversions for reducing deep percolation through the waste storage area. Historical development of the conceptual model of lateral diversion has been limited by available field data, but numerical investigations presented the possibility of significant lateral diversion due to the presence of a thin, porous rock layer, the Paintbrush nonwelded tuffs. Analytical analyses of the influence of transitional changes in properties suggest that minimal lateral diversion is likely at Yucca Mountain. Numerical models, to this point, have not accounted for the gradual transition of properties or the existence of multiple layers that could inadvertently influence the simulation of lateral diversion as an artifact of numerical model discretization. Analyses were made of subsurface matric potential measurements, and comparisons were made of surface infiltration estimates with deeper percolation flux calculations using chloride‐mass‐balance calculations and simulations of measured temperature profiles. These analyses suggest that insignificant lateral diversion has occurred above the repository horizon and that water generally moves vertically through the Paintbrush nonwelded tuffs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001503","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Selker, J.S., 2003, Influence of transitional volcanic strata on lateral diversion at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 4, p. 4-1-4-17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001503.","productDescription":"Article 1084; 17 p.","startPage":"4-1","endPage":"4-17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478414,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001503","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b92e4b0c8380cd62668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selker, John S.","contributorId":199857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025725,"text":"70025725 - 2003 - MODFLOW 2000 Head Uncertainty, a First-Order Second Moment Method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025725","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MODFLOW 2000 Head Uncertainty, a First-Order Second Moment Method","docAbstract":"A computationally efficient method to estimate the variance and covariance in piezometric head results computed through MODFLOW 2000 using a first-order second moment (FOSM) approach is presented. This methodology employs a first-order Taylor series expansion to combine model sensitivity with uncertainty in geologic data. MODFLOW 2000 is used to calculate both the ground water head and the sensitivity of head to changes in input data. From a limited number of samples, geologic data are extrapolated and their associated uncertainties are computed through a conditional probability calculation. Combining the spatially related sensitivity and input uncertainty produces the variance-covariance matrix, the diagonal of which is used to yield the standard deviation in MODFLOW 2000 head. The variance in piezometric head can be used for calibrating the model, estimating confidence intervals, directing exploration, and evaluating the reliability of a design. A case study illustrates the approach, where aquifer transmissivity is the spatially related uncertain geologic input data. The FOSM methodology is shown to be applicable for calculating output uncertainty for (1) spatially related input and output data, and (2) multiple input parameters (transmissivity and recharge).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02603.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Glasgow, H., Fortney, M., Lee, J., Graettinger, A., and Reeves, H.W., 2003, MODFLOW 2000 Head Uncertainty, a First-Order Second Moment Method: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 3, p. 342-350, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02603.x.","startPage":"342","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208867,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02603.x"},{"id":234933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad5e4b0c8380cd690b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glasgow, H.S.","contributorId":27649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glasgow","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fortney, M.D.","contributorId":56012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortney","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, J.","contributorId":58596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graettinger, A.J.","contributorId":105884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graettinger","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reeves, H. W.","contributorId":53739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024939,"text":"70024939 - 2003 - Catchability of Walleyes to Fyke Netting and Electrofishing in Northern Wisconsin Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024939","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catchability of Walleyes to Fyke Netting and Electrofishing in Northern Wisconsin Lakes","docAbstract":"We quantified relationships between both fyke-net catch rates (catch/net-night) and electrofishing catch rates (catch/mi) and population densities (number/acre) of walleye Sander vitreus (formerly Stizostedion vitreum) for adult population estimates and total population estimates to determine whether catchability was density dependent. Fyke-net catch rates were modeled as a nonlinear function of adult walleye density and of four size-classes of the adult population, and electrofishing catch rates were modeled as a nonlinear function of adult and total walleye density and four size-classes of the adult and total populations. The results showed nonlinear relationships between catch rate and density for the adult and total populations. We accounted for measurement errors in catch rates and densities by estimating bias-corrected slopes by means of Monte Carlo simulations and estimated measurement-error ratios by means of an errors-in-variables model. We found that the bias-corrected slopes were higher than ordinary-least-squares regression estimates and that measurement errors were greater in catch rates than in density estimates. Lastly, we sought to explain the residual variability in the relationships between (1) fyke-net catch rates and adult walleye densities and (2) electrofishing catch rates and adult and total walleye densities. We found that the fyke-net catch rate was positively related to adult walleye density and percent littoral zone (percentage of lake surface area ???20 ft deep) and negatively related to conductivity. We found that the electrofishing catch rate of adult walleyes was positively related to adult walleye density and conductivity and that the electrofishing catch rate of the total walleye population was positively related to total walleye density. We concluded that the nonlinear relationship between catch rates and walleye abundance limits the use of catch rates to index walleye abundance in northern Wisconsin lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M02-121","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Rogers, M., Hansen, M., and Beard, T., 2003, Catchability of Walleyes to Fyke Netting and Electrofishing in Northern Wisconsin Lakes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 4, p. 1193-1206, https://doi.org/10.1577/M02-121.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1206","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207940,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M02-121"},{"id":233255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cce4b0c8380cd4b97f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, M.W.","contributorId":68929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, M.J.","contributorId":39166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, T.D. Jr.","contributorId":100160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025723,"text":"70025723 - 2003 - Inorganic nitrogen transformations in the bed of the Shingobee River, Minnesota: Integrating hydrologic and biological processes using sediment perfusion cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:50:37","indexId":"70025723","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inorganic nitrogen transformations in the bed of the Shingobee River, Minnesota: Integrating hydrologic and biological processes using sediment perfusion cores","docAbstract":"Inorganic N transformations were examined in streambed sediments from the Shingobee River using sediment perfusion cores. The experimental design simulated groundwater-stream water mixing within sediment cores, which provided a well-defined one-dimensional representation of in situ hydrologic conditions. Two distinct hydrologic and chemical settings were preserved in the sediment cores: the lowermost sediments, perfused with groundwater, remained anaerobic during the incubations, whereas the uppermost sediments, perfused with oxic water pumped from the overlying water column, simulated stream water penetration into the bed. The maintenance of oxic and anoxic zones formed a biologically active aerobic-anaerobic interface. Ammonium (NH4+) dissolved in groundwater was transported conservatively through the lower core zone but was removed as it mixed with aerated recycle water. Concurrently, a small quantity of nitrate (NO3-) equaling ???25% of the NH4+ loss was produced in the upper sediments. The NH4+ and NO3- profiles in the uppermost sediments resulted from coupled nitrification-denitrification, because assimilation and sorption were negligible. We hypothesize that anaerobic microsites within the aerated upper sediments supported denitrification. Rates of nitrification and denitrification in the perfusion cores ranged 42-209 and 53-160 mg N m-2 day-1, respectively. The use of modified perfusion cores permitted the identification and quantification of N transformations and verified process control by surface water exchange into the shallow hyporheic zone of the Shingobee River.","language":"English","publisher":"ALSO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.1129","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R., Duff, J., Jackman, A.P., and Triska, F., 2003, Inorganic nitrogen transformations in the bed of the Shingobee River, Minnesota: Integrating hydrologic and biological processes using sediment perfusion cores: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 3, p. 1129-1140, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.1129.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1129","endPage":"1140","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Shingobee River","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c0ee4b0c8380cd62a36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, R.W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":43066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"R.W.","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackman, A. P.","contributorId":46957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024652,"text":"70024652 - 2003 - Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - I. Groundwater level changes revealed using state space decomposition of atmospheric pressure, rainfall and tidal responses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024652","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - I. Groundwater level changes revealed using state space decomposition of atmospheric pressure, rainfall and tidal responses","docAbstract":"For the groundwater level observed at the Haibara well, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan, time series analysis using state-space modelling is applied to extract hydrological anomalies related to earthquakes. This method can decompose observed groundwater level time series into five components: atmospheric pressure, tidal, and precipitation responses, observation noise, and residual water level. The decomposed responses to atmospheric pressure and precipitation are independently determined and are consistent with the expected response to surface loading. In the groundwater level at the Haibara well, 28 coseismic changes can be discerned during the period from 1981 April to 1997 December. There is a threshold in the relationship between earthquake magnitude and the well-hypocentre distance, above which earthquakes cause coseismic changes in the residual water level. All of the coseismic water level changes at the Haibara well are decreases, although 33 per cent of the estimated coseismic volumetric strain steps are contraction, which would be expected to cause water level increases. The coseismic changes in groundwater level are more closely proportional to the estimated ground motion than to coseismic volumetric strain steps, suggesting that ground motion due to earthquakes is the major cause of the coseismic water level drops and that the contribution from static strain is rather small. Possible pre- or inter-earthquake water level changes have occurred at the Haibara well and may have been caused by local aseismic crustal deformation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02103.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Matsumoto, N., Kitagawa, G., and Roeloffs, E., 2003, Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - I. Groundwater level changes revealed using state space decomposition of atmospheric pressure, rainfall and tidal responses: Geophysical Journal International, v. 155, no. 3, p. 885-898, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02103.x.","startPage":"885","endPage":"898","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02103.x"},{"id":233310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36aee4b0c8380cd608fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsumoto, N.","contributorId":13788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitagawa, G.","contributorId":51953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitagawa","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.A.","contributorId":88742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025721,"text":"70025721 - 2003 - Density of the continental roots: Compositional and thermal contributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T14:16:44.921939","indexId":"70025721","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density of the continental roots: Compositional and thermal contributions","docAbstract":"<p>The origin and evolution of cratonic roots has been debated for many years. Precambrian cratons are underlain by cold lithospheric roots that are chemically depleted. Thermal and petrologic data indicate that Archean roots are colder and more chemically depleted than Proterozoic roots. This observation has led to the hypothesis that the degree of depletion in a lithospheric root depends mostly on its age. Here we test this hypothesis using gravity, thermal, petrologic, and seismic data to quantify differences in the density of cratonic roots globally. In the first step in our analysis we use a global crustal model to remove the crustal contribution to the observed gravity. The result is the mantle gravity anomaly field, which varies over cratonic areas from -100 to +100 mGal. Positive mantle gravity anomalies are observed for cratons in the northern hemisphere: the Baltic shield, East European Platform, and the Siberian Platform. Negative anomalies are observed over cratons in the southern hemisphere: Western Australia, South America, the Indian shield, and Southern Africa. This indicates that there are significant differences in the density of cratonic roots, even for those of similar age. Root density depends on temperature and chemical depletion. In order to separate these effects we apply a lithospheric temperature correction using thermal estimates from a combination of geothermal modeling and global seismic tomography models. Gravity anomalies induced by temperature variations in the uppermost mantle range from -200 to +300 mGal, with the strongest negative anomalies associated with mid-ocean ridges and the strongest positive anomalies associated with cratons. After correcting for thermal effects, we obtain a map of density variations due to lithospheric compositional variations. These maps indicate that the average density decrease due to the chemical depletion within cratonic roots varies from 1.1% to 1.5%, assuming the chemical boundary layer has the same thickness as the thermal boundary layer. The maximal values of the density drop are in the range 1.7-2.5%, and correspond to the Archean portion of each craton. Temperatures within cratonic roots vary strongly, and our analysis indicates that density variations in the roots due to temperature are larger than the variations due to chemical differences.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00072-4","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Kaban, M., Schwintzer, P., Artemieva, I., and Mooney, W.D., 2003, Density of the continental roots: Compositional and thermal contributions: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 209, no. 1-2, p. 53-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00072-4.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(03)00072-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fea9e4b0c8380cd4ee5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaban, M.K.","contributorId":47124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaban","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwintzer, P.","contributorId":105496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwintzer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Artemieva, I.M.","contributorId":71728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artemieva","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025719,"text":"70025719 - 2003 - Comparison of approaches for simulating reactive solute transport involving organic degradation reactions by multiple terminal electron acceptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:04:33","indexId":"70025719","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of approaches for simulating reactive solute transport involving organic degradation reactions by multiple terminal electron acceptors","docAbstract":"<p>Reactive solute transport models are useful tools for analyzing complex geochemical behavior resulting from biodegradation of organic compounds by multiple terminal electron acceptors (TEAPs). The usual approach of simulating the reactions of multiple TEAPs by an irreversible Monod rate law was compared with simulations that assumed a partial local equilibrium or kinetically controlled reactions subject to the requirement that the Gibbs free energy of reaction (Δ G) was either less than zero or less than a threshold value. Simulations were performed using a single organic substrate and O<sub>2</sub>, FeOOH, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> and CO<sub>2</sub> as the terminal electron acceptors. It was assumed that the organic substrate was slowly and completely fermented to CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> and the H<sub>2</sub> was oxidized by the TEAPs. Simulations using the Monod approach showed that this irreversible rate law forced the reduction of both FeOOH and CO<sub>2</sub> to proceed even when Δ G was positive. This resulted in an over prediction in amount of FeOOH reduced to Fe(II) in parts of the domain and it resulted in large errors in pH. Simulations using mass action kinetics agreed with equilibrium simulations for the case of large rate constants. The extent of reductive dissolution of FeOOH was strongly dependent on the thermodynamic stability of the FeOOH phase. Transport simulations performed assuming that the reactions of the TEAPs stopped when Δ G exceeded a threshold value showed that only simulated H<sub>2</sub> concentrations were affected if the threshold value was the same for each TEAP. Simulated H2 concentrations were controlled by the fastest reaction of the TEAP, but it was common for reactions to occur concomitantly rather than sequentially.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00008-6","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G.P., 2003, Comparison of approaches for simulating reactive solute transport involving organic degradation reactions by multiple terminal electron acceptors: Computers & Geosciences, v. 29, no. 3, p. 319-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00008-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"329","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208808,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00008-6"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f84fe4b0c8380cd4cff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Gary P. 0000-0003-3975-8882 gpcurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-8882","contributorId":2346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025952,"text":"70025952 - 2003 - Effects of Holocene climate change on mercury deposition in Elk Lake, Minnesota: The importance of eolain transport in the mercury cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-10T11:53:47.047634","indexId":"70025952","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of Holocene climate change on mercury deposition in Elk Lake, Minnesota: The importance of eolain transport in the mercury cycle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sediments&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>Elk<span>&nbsp;</span>Lake<span>,&nbsp;</span>Minnesota<span>, consist of 10,400 varve layers that provide a precise chronology for&nbsp;</span>Holocene<span>&nbsp;fluctuations&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>climate<span>&nbsp;and biota recorded&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the strata. Progressively greater concentrations and accumulation rates of&nbsp;</span>mercury<span>&nbsp;since ca. A.D. 1875 reflect&nbsp;</span>deposition<span>&nbsp;of anthropogenic&nbsp;</span>mercury<span>&nbsp;additions to the atmosphere. Within the&nbsp;</span>Holocene<span>&nbsp;record are numerous short intervals&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;which&nbsp;</span>mercury<span>&nbsp;concentrations and accumulation rates exceed the modern values. The highest&nbsp;</span>mercury<span>&nbsp;concentrations formed ca. 8 ka, coincident with a rapid&nbsp;</span>change<span>&nbsp;from cool, moist conditions to warm, dry conditions. A related&nbsp;</span>change<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;flora from pine forest to prairie caused destruction of organic forest soils and the release of&nbsp;</span>mercury<span>&nbsp;that had been sequestered&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;them, resulting&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;a short- lived pulse of&nbsp;</span>mercury<span>&nbsp;to the&nbsp;</span>lake<span>. Accumulation rates of&nbsp;</span>mercury<span>&nbsp;were highest during the 4 k.y. mid-</span>Holocene<span>&nbsp;dry interval and show a correlation with periods of rapid&nbsp;</span>deposition<span>&nbsp;of eolian dust. The&nbsp;</span>mercury<span>&nbsp;was probably bound to wind-borne mineral particles, which were derived from an unidentified&nbsp;</span>mercury<span>-rich source region west of&nbsp;</span>Elk<span>&nbsp;</span>Lake<span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0187:EOHCCO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W., Dean, W., and Bullock, J., 2003, Effects of Holocene climate change on mercury deposition in Elk Lake, Minnesota: The importance of eolain transport in the mercury cycle: Geology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 187-190, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0187:EOHCCO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"190","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Elk Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.81734657287598,\n              45.853015907512436\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.77245712280273,\n              45.853015907512436\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.77245712280273,\n              45.87560860976356\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.81734657287598,\n              45.87560860976356\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.81734657287598,\n              45.853015907512436\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0654e4b0c8380cd511de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullock, J. H.","contributorId":57074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025878,"text":"70025878 - 2003 - Shallow-velocity models at the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of tremor wavefields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T13:27:16","indexId":"70025878","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow-velocity models at the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of tremor wavefields","docAbstract":"<p>The properties of the surface wavefield at Kilauea Volcano are analysed using data from small-aperture arrays of short-period seismometers deployed in and around the Kilauea caldera. Tremor recordings were obtained during two Japan-US cooperative experiments conducted in 1996 and 1997. The seismometers were deployed in three semi-circular arrays with apertures of 300, 300 and 400 m, and a linear array with length of 1680 m. Data are analysed using a spatio-temporal correlation technique well suited for the study of the stationary stochastic wavefields of Rayleigh and Love waves associated with volcanic activity and scattering sources distributed in and around the summit caldera. Spatial autocorrelation coefficients are obtained as a function of frequency and are inverted for the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh and Love waves using a grid search that seeks phase velocities for which the L-2 norm between data and forward modelling operators is minimized. Within the caldera, the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves range from 1400 to 1800 m s<sup>-1</sup> at 1 Hz down to 300-400 m s<sup>-1</sup> at 10 Hz, and the phase velocities of Love waves range from 2600 to 400 m s<sup>-1</sup> within the same frequency band. Outside the caldera, Rayleigh wave velocities range from 1800 to 1600 m s<sup>-1</sup> at 1 Hz down to 260-360 m s<sup>-1</sup> at 10 Hz, and Love wave velocities range from 600 to 150 m s<sup>-1</sup> within the same frequency band. The dispersion curves are inverted for velocity structure beneath each array, assuming these dispersions represent the fundamental modes of Rayleigh and Love waves. The velocity structures observed at different array sites are consistent with results from a recent 3-D traveltime tomography of the caldera region, and point to a marked velocity discontinuity associated with the southern caldera boundary.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01867.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Saccorotti, G., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2003, Shallow-velocity models at the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of tremor wavefields: Geophysical Journal International, v. 152, no. 3, p. 633-648, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01867.x.","startPage":"633","endPage":"648","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478474,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.01867.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01867.x"}],"volume":"152","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e49e4b08c986b31884d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saccorotti, G.","contributorId":107041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saccorotti","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026077,"text":"70026077 - 2003 - Apparent break in earthquake scaling due to path and site effects on deep borehole recordings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026077","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparent break in earthquake scaling due to path and site effects on deep borehole recordings","docAbstract":"We reexamine the scaling of stress drop and apparent stress, rigidity times the ratio between seismically radiated energy to seismic moment, with earthquake size for a set of microearthquakes recorded in a deep borehole in Long Valley, California. In the first set of calculations, we assume a constant Q and solve for the corner frequency and seismic moment. In the second set of calculations, we model the spectral ratio of nearby events to determine the same quantities. We find that the spectral ratio technique, which can account for path and site effects or nonconstant Q, yields higher stress drops, particularly for the smaller events in the data set. The measurements determined from spectral ratios indicate no departure from constant stress drop scaling down to the smallest events in our data set (Mw 0.8). Our results indicate that propagation effects can contaminate measurements of source parameters even in the relatively clean recording environment of a deep borehole, just as they do at the Earth's surface. The scaling of source properties of microearthquakes made from deep borehole recordings may need to be reevaluated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ide, S., Beroza, G., Prejean, S., and Ellsworth, W., 2003, Apparent break in earthquake scaling due to path and site effects on deep borehole recordings: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 5.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec79e4b0c8380cd492bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ide, S.","contributorId":47131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ide","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beroza, G. C.","contributorId":95626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beroza","given":"G. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, S. G. 0000-0003-0510-1989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":18935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025714,"text":"70025714 - 2003 - Optical dating of tufa via in situ aeolian sand grains: A case example from the Southern High Plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025714","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Optical dating of tufa via in situ aeolian sand grains: A case example from the Southern High Plains, USA","docAbstract":"Precipitated carbonates (commonly termed tufas or travertines) maybe of considerable utility for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Their potential, however, for such reconstruction is commonly limited by difficulties associated with their absolute age control. Attempts to date such deposits via uranium series techniques have been complicated by their chemically open behaviour. Here we describe an alternative approach to date tufa deposits associated with ephemeral saline lake basins from the Southern High Plains, USA. We have optically dated sand grains of a mixed aeolian/fluvial (spring fed) origin as the integrating dosimeter. We assume that the grains are fully resetting prior to their incorporation into the tufa deposits and employ a time-dependent disequilibrium dosimetric model to account for the build-up of uranium series daughter products. The approach was applied to a set of four samples with known stratigraphic association. We obtained stratigraphically sensible optical ages ranging from 78??8 to 56??4ka. These data are consistent with existing palaeoenvironmental models of regional recharge. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00021-0","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Rich, J., Stokes, S., Wood, W., and Bailey, R., 2003, Optical dating of tufa via in situ aeolian sand grains: A case example from the Southern High Plains, USA, <i>in</i> Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, no. 10-13, p. 1145-1152, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00021-0.","startPage":"1145","endPage":"1152","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00021-0"},{"id":234744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ed1e4b0c8380cd757fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rich, J.","contributorId":59193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokes, S.","contributorId":58041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, W.","contributorId":103050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, R.","contributorId":57633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024855,"text":"70024855 - 2003 - Test of a Power Transfer Model for Standardized Electrofishing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024855","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Test of a Power Transfer Model for Standardized Electrofishing","docAbstract":"Standardization of electrofishing in waters with differing conductivities is critical when monitoring temporal and spatial differences in fish assemblages. We tested a model that can help improve the consistency of electrofishing by allowing control over the amount of power that is transferred to the fish. The primary objective was to verify, under controlled laboratory conditions, whether the model adequately described fish immobilization responses elicited with various electrical settings over a range of water conductivities. We found that the model accurately described empirical observations over conductivities ranging from 12 to 1,030 ??S/cm for DC and various pulsed-DC settings. Because the model requires knowledge of a fish's effective conductivity, an attribute that is likely to vary according to species, size, temperature, and other variables, a second objective was to gather available estimates of the effective conductivity of fish to examine the magnitude of variation and to assess whether in practical applications a standard effective conductivity value for fish may be assumed. We found that applying a standard fish effective conductivity of 115 ??S/cm introduced relatively little error into the estimation of the peak power density required to immobilize fish with electrofishing. However, this standard was derived from few estimates of fish effective conductivity and a limited number of species; more estimates are needed to validate our working standard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T02-093","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., and Dolan, C., 2003, Test of a Power Transfer Model for Standardized Electrofishing: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 6, p. 1179-1185, https://doi.org/10.1577/T02-093.","startPage":"1179","endPage":"1185","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T02-093"}],"volume":"132","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba59fe4b08c986b320b72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolan, C.R.","contributorId":96870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026078,"text":"70026078 - 2003 - Neutron powder diffraction studies as a function of temperature of structure II hydrate formed from propane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026078","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1173,"text":"Canadian Journal of Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neutron powder diffraction studies as a function of temperature of structure II hydrate formed from propane","docAbstract":"Neutron powder diffraction data confirm that hydrate samples synthesized with propane crystallize as structure type II hydrate. The structure has been modeled using rigid-body constraints to describe C3H8 molecules located in the eight larger polyhedral cavities of a deuterated host lattice. Data were collected at 12, 40, 100, 130, 160, 190, 220, and 250 K and used to calculate the thermal expansivity from the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters. The data collected allowed for full structural refinement of atomic coordinates and the atomic-displacement parameters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/p03-022","issn":"00084204","usgsCitation":"Rawn, C., Rondinone, A., Chakoumakos, B., Circone, S., Stern, L., Kirby, S.H., and Ishii, Y., 2003, Neutron powder diffraction studies as a function of temperature of structure II hydrate formed from propane: Canadian Journal of Physics, v. 81, no. 1-2, p. 431-438, https://doi.org/10.1139/p03-022.","startPage":"431","endPage":"438","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p03-022"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6503e4b0c8380cd72ad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawn, C.J.","contributorId":70574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawn","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondinone, A.J.","contributorId":34695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondinone","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chakoumakos, B.C.","contributorId":32338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chakoumakos","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Circone, S.","contributorId":35901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ishii, Y.","contributorId":57244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026079,"text":"70026079 - 2003 - Projecting global datasets to achieve equal areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026079","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projecting global datasets to achieve equal areas","docAbstract":"Scientists routinely accomplish global modeling in the raster domain, but recent research has indicated that the transformation of large areas through map projection equations leads to errors. This research attempts to gauge the extent of map projection and resampling effects on the tabulation of categorical areas by comparing the results of three datasets for seven common projections. The datasets, Global Land Cover, Holdridge Life Zones, and Global Vegetation, were compiled at resolutions of 30 arc-second, 1/2 degree, and 1 degree, respectively. These datasets were projected globally from spherical coordinates to plane representations. Results indicate significant problems in the implementation of global projection transformations in commercial software, as well as differences in areal accuracy across projections. The level of raster resolution directly affects the accuracy of areal tabulations, with higher resolution yielding higher accuracy. If the raster resolution is high enough for individual pixels to approximate points, the areal error tends to zero. The 30-arc-second cells appear to approximate this condition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1559/152304003100010956","issn":"15230406","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., Finn, M., Cox, J., Beard, T., Ruhl, S., and Bearden, M., 2003, Projecting global datasets to achieve equal areas: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 30, no. 1, p. 69-79, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304003100010956.","startPage":"69","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304003100010956"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8efde4b0c8380cd7f4f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, J.D.","contributorId":14987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beard, T.","contributorId":36337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruhl, S.","contributorId":44329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bearden, M.","contributorId":68510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bearden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024870,"text":"70024870 - 2003 - The fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of the Florida Keys: Key Colony Beach, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:07:03","indexId":"70024870","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of the Florida Keys: Key Colony Beach, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Shallow injection is the predominant mode of wastewater disposal for most tourist-oriented facilities and some residential communities in the US Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Concern has been expressed that wastewater nutrients may be escaping from the saline groundwater system into canals and surrounding coastal waters and perhaps to the reef tract 10&nbsp;km offshore, promoting unwanted algal growth and degradation of water quality. We performed a field study of the fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of a Florida Keys residential community (Key Colony Beach, FL) that uses this disposal method, analyzing samples from 21 monitoring wells and two canal sites. The results indicate that wastewater injection at 18–27&nbsp;m depth into saline groundwater creates a large buoyant plume that flows quickly (within days) upward to a confining layer 6&nbsp;m below the surface, and then in a fast flow path toward a canal 200&nbsp;m to the east within a period of weeks to months. Low-salinity groundwaters along the fast flow path have nitrate concentrations that are not significantly reduced from that of the injected wastewaters (ranging from 400 to 600&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;kg<sup>−1</sup>). Portions of the low-salinity plume off the main axis of flow have relatively long residence times (&gt;2 months) and have had their nitrate concentrations strongly reduced by a combination of mixing and denitrification. These waters have dissolved N<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;concentrations up to 1.6 times air-saturation values with δ<sup>15</sup> N[N<sub>2</sub>]=0.5-5‰, δ<sup>15</sup>N[NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>]=16-26‰, and calculated isotope fractionation factors of about −12±4‰, consistent with denitrification as the predominant nitrate reduction reaction. Estimated rates of denitrification of wastewater in the aquifer are of the order of 4&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;kg<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;N&nbsp;day<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;or 0.008&nbsp;day<sup>-1</sup>. The data indicate that denitrification reduces the nitrate load of the injected wastewater substantially, but not completely, before it discharges to nearby canals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00131-8","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Griggs, E., Kump, L., and Böhlke, J., 2003, The fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of the Florida Keys: Key Colony Beach, Florida: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 58, no. 3, p. 517-539, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00131-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"539","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00131-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.991455078125,\n              25.522614647623293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.035400390625,\n              25.596948323286135\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              25.596948323286135\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2716064453125,\n              25.54244147012483\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.3814697265625,\n              25.35891851754525\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.70556640625,\n              25.110471486223346\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.34277343749999,\n              24.886436490787712\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9854736328125,\n              24.701924833689933\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.144775390625,\n              24.716895455859337\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3590087890625,\n              24.632038149596895\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3370361328125,\n              24.52213723599524\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0404052734375,\n              24.427145340082046\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.45263671875,\n              24.48214938647425\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.10107421874999,\n              24.577099744289427\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.76599121093749,\n              24.716895455859337\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4034423828125,\n              24.946219074360084\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              25.140311914680755\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.991455078125,\n              25.522614647623293\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babf9e4b08c986b3231bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griggs, E.M.","contributorId":33887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kump, L.R.","contributorId":80863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kump","given":"L.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025969,"text":"70025969 - 2003 - Isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: Inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T16:16:04.313654","indexId":"70025969","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: Inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>Fire is an important pathway for carbon (C) loss from boreal forest ecosystems and has a strong effect on ecosystem C balance. Fires can range widely in severity, defined as the amount of vegetation and forest floor consumed by fire, depending on local fuel and climatic conditions. Here we explore a novel method for estimating fire severity and loss of C from fire using the atmosphere to integrate ecosystem heterogeneity at the watershed scale. We measured the δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C and Δ</span><sup>14</sup><span>C isotopic values of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emitted from an experimental forest fire at the Caribou-Poker Creek Research Watershed (CPCRW), near Fairbanks, Alaska. We used inverse modeling combined with dual isotope measurements of C contained in aboveground black spruce biomass and soil organic horizons to estimate the amount of C released by this fire. The experimental burn was a medium to severe intensity fire that released, on average, about 2.5 kg Cm</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, more than half of the C contained in vegetation and soil organic horizon pools. For vegetation, the model predicted that approximately 70–75% of pools such as needles, fine branches, and bark were consumed by fire, whereas only 20–30% of pools such as coarse branches and cones were consumed. The fire was predicted to have almost completely consumed surface soil organic horizons and burned about half of the deepest humic horizon. The ability to estimate the amount of biomass combusted and C emission from fires at the watershed scale provides an extensive approach that can complement more limited intensive ground-based measurements.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001gb001840","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Schuur, E., Trumbore, S., Mack, M., and Harden, J., 2003, Isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: Inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 17, no. 1, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001840.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001840","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.2822265625,\n              64.37794095121995\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.513671875,\n              64.37794095121995\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.513671875,\n              65.34851379240024\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.2822265625,\n              65.34851379240024\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.2822265625,\n              64.37794095121995\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f9fe4b0c8380cd64682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuur, E.A.G.","contributorId":106679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"E.A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trumbore, S.E.","contributorId":57879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbore","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, M.C.","contributorId":87238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025622,"text":"70025622 - 2003 - Geostatistics and the representative elementary volume of gamma ray tomography attenuation in rocks cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-04T17:54:57.701764","indexId":"70025622","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistics and the representative elementary volume of gamma ray tomography attenuation in rocks cores","docAbstract":"<p><span>Semivariograms of samples of Culebra Dolomite have been determined at two different resolutions for&nbsp;</span>gamma<span>&nbsp;</span>ray<span>&nbsp;computed&nbsp;</span>tomography<span>&nbsp;images. By fitting models to semivariograms, small-scale and large-scale correlation lengths are determined for four samples. Different semivariogram parameters were found for adjacent&nbsp;</span>cores<span>&nbsp;at both resolutions. Relative&nbsp;</span>elementary<span>&nbsp;</span>volume<span>&nbsp;(REV) concepts are related to the stationarity of the sample. A scale disparity factor is defined and is used to determine sample size required for ergodic stationarity with a specified correlation length. This allows for comparison of geostatistical measures and&nbsp;</span>representative<span>&nbsp;</span>elementary<span>&nbsp;volumes. The modifiable areal unit problem is also addressed and used to determine resolution effects on correlation lengths. By changing resolution, a range of correlation lengths can be determined for the same sample. Comparison of voxel&nbsp;</span>volume<span>&nbsp;to the best-fit model correlation length of a single sample at different resolutions reveals a linear scaling effect. Using this relationship, the range of the point value semivariogram is determined. This is the range approached as the voxel size goes to zero. Finally, these results are compared to the regularization theory of point variables for borehole&nbsp;</span>cores<span>&nbsp;and are found to be a better fit for predicting the&nbsp;</span>volume<span>-averaged range.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.08","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Vogel, J.R., and Brown, G., 2003, Geostatistics and the representative elementary volume of gamma ray tomography attenuation in rocks cores: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 215, p. 81-93, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.08.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"215","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b4e4b0c8380cd5a32c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, G.O.","contributorId":53580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025621,"text":"70025621 - 2003 - Response of sphagnum fuscum to nitrogen deposition: A case study of mbrogenous peatlands in Alberta, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T14:18:10.578026","indexId":"70025621","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1087,"text":"Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Response of <i>sphagnum fuscum</i> to nitrogen deposition: A case study of mbrogenous peatlands in Alberta, Canada","title":"Response of sphagnum fuscum to nitrogen deposition: A case study of mbrogenous peatlands in Alberta, Canada","docAbstract":"<p><span>Peatlands cover about 30% of northeastern Alberta and are ecosystems that are sensitive to nitrogen deposition. In polluted areas of the UK, high atmospheric N deposition (as a component of acid deposition) has been considered among the causes of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sphagnum</span><span>&nbsp;decline in bogs (ombrogenous peatlands). In relatively unpolluted areas of western Canada and northern Sweden, short-term experimental studies have shown that&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sphagnum</span><span>&nbsp;responds quickly to nutrient loading, with uptake and retention of nitrogen and increased production. Here we examine the response of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sphagnum fuscum</span><span>&nbsp;to enhanced nitrogen deposition generated during 34 years of oil sands mining through the determination of net primary production (NPP) and nitrogen concentrations in the upper peat column. We chose six continental bogs receiving differing atmospheric nitrogen loads (modeled using a CALPUFF 2D dispersion model).&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sphagnum fuscum</span><span>&nbsp;net primary production (NPP) at the high deposition site (Steepbank—mean of 600 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>; median of 486 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) was over three times as high than at five other sites with lower N deposition. Additionally, production of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">S. fuscum</span><span>&nbsp;may be influenced to some extent by distance of the moss surface from the water table. Across all sites, peat nitrogen concentrations are highest at the surface, decreasing in the top 3 cm with no significant change with increasing depth. We conclude that elevated N deposition at the Steepbank site has enhanced&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sphagnum</span><span>&nbsp;production. Increased N concentrations are evident only in the top 1-cm of the peat profile. Thus, 34 years after mine startup, increased N-deposition has increased net primary production of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sphagnum fuscum</span><span>&nbsp;without causing elevated levels of nitrogen in the organic matter profile. A response to N-stress for&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sphagnum fuscum</span><span>&nbsp;is proposed at 14–34 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. A review of N-deposition values reveals a critical N-deposition value of between 14.8 and 15.7 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for NPP of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sphagnum</span><span>&nbsp;species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0235:ROSFTN]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00072745","usgsCitation":"Vitt, D., Wieder, K., Halsey, L., and Turetsky, M., 2003, Response of sphagnum fuscum to nitrogen deposition: A case study of mbrogenous peatlands in Alberta, Canada: Bryologist, v. 106, no. 2, p. 235-245, https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0235:ROSFTN]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Alberta","otherGeospatial":"northeast Alberta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.57617187499999,\n              56.31653672211301\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              56.31653672211301\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              59.977005492196\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.57617187499999,\n              59.977005492196\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.57617187499999,\n              56.31653672211301\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa1fe4b0c8380cd86169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vitt, D.H.","contributorId":17029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitt","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieder, K.","contributorId":58072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieder","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halsey, L.A.","contributorId":26497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halsey","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turetsky, M.","contributorId":108302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024968,"text":"70024968 - 2003 - Percolation induced heat transfer in deep unsaturated zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024968","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Percolation induced heat transfer in deep unsaturated zones","docAbstract":"Subsurface temperature data from a borehole located in a desert wash were measured and used to delineate the conductive and advective heat transfer regimes, and to estimate the percolation quantity associated with the 1997-1998 El Ni??no precipitation. In an arid environment, conductive heat transfer dominates the variation of shallow subsurface temperature most of the time, except during sporadic precipitation periods. The subsurface time-varying temperature due to conductive heat transfer is highly correlated with the surface atmospheric temperature variation, whereas temperature variation due to advective heat transfer is strongly correlated with precipitation events. The advective heat transfer associated with precipitation and infiltration is the focus of this paper. Disruptions of the subsurface conductive temperature regime, associated with the 1997-1998 El Ni??no precipitation, were detected and used to quantify the percolation quantity. Modeling synthesis using a one-dimensional coupled heat and unsaturated flow model indicated that a percolation per unit area of 0.7 to 1.3 m height of water in two weeks during February 1998 was responsible for the observed temperature deviations down to a depth of 35.2 m. The reported study demonstrated quantitatively, for the first time, that the near surface temperature variation due to advective heat transfer can be significant at a depth greater than 10 m in unsaturated soils and can be used to infer the percolation amount in thick unsaturated soils.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:11(1040)","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Lu, N., and LeCain, G., 2003, Percolation induced heat transfer in deep unsaturated zones: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 129, no. 11, p. 1040-1053, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:11(1040).","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1053","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:11(1040)"},{"id":233079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7676e4b0c8380cd7811b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, N.","contributorId":96025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeCain, G.D.","contributorId":22810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025618,"text":"70025618 - 2003 - Formation of modern and Paleozoic stratiform barite at cold methane seeps on continental margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-15T17:35:35","indexId":"70025618","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of modern and Paleozoic stratiform barite at cold methane seeps on continental margins","docAbstract":"Stratiform (bedded) Paleozoic barite occurs as large conformable beds within organic- and chert-rich sediments; the beds lack major sulfide minerals and are the largest and most economically significant barite deposits in the geologic record. Existing models for the origin of bedded barite fail to explain all their characteristics: the deposits display properties consistent with an exhalative origin involving fluid ascent to the seafloor, but they lack appreciable polymetallic sulfide minerals and the corresponding strontium isotopic composition to support a hydrothermal vent source. A new mechanism of barite formation, along structurally controlled sites of cold fluid seepage in continental margins, involves barite remobilization in organic-rich, highly reducing sediments, transport of barium-rich fluids, and barite precipitation at cold methane seeps. The lithologic and depositional framework of Paleozoic and cold seep barite, as well as morphological, textural, and chemical characteristics of the deposits, and associations with chemosymbiotic fauna, all support a cold seep origin for stratiform Paleozoic barite. This understanding is highly relevant to paleoceanographic and paleotectonic studies, as well as to economic geology.","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G19652.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Torres, M., Bohrmann, G., Dube, T., and Poole, F.G., 2003, Formation of modern and Paleozoic stratiform barite at cold methane seeps on continental margins: Geology, v. 31, no. 10, p. 897-900, https://doi.org/10.1130/G19652.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"900","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1353e4b0c8380cd54600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, M.E.","contributorId":58443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohrmann, G.","contributorId":50700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrmann","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dube, T.E.","contributorId":75738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dube","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poole, F. G. 0000-0001-8487-0799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-0799","contributorId":104883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025873,"text":"70025873 - 2003 - Microvariability in Seyfert galaxies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025873","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":914,"text":"Astronomical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microvariability in Seyfert galaxies","docAbstract":"We present the results of a search for microvariability in a sample of eight Seyfert galaxies. Microvariability (i.e., variations occurring on timescales of tens of minutes to hours) has been conclusively demonstrated to exist in the class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) known as blazars. Its existence in other classes of AGNs is far less certain. We present the results of a study of eight Seyfert 1 galaxies, which were intensively monitored in order to determine whether such variations exist in these objects. Only one object, Ark 120, displayed any evidence of microvariations. The implications of these results with respect to current models of the mechanisms responsible for the observed emission in Seyfert galaxies are discussed. We compare our results with those obtained from other studies of microvariability in different classes of AGNs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Astronomical Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/373930","issn":"00046256","usgsCitation":"Carini, M., Noble, J., and Miller, H., 2003, Microvariability in Seyfert galaxies: Astronomical Journal, v. 125, no. 4 1768, p. 1811-1816, https://doi.org/10.1086/373930.","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1816","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478407,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/373930","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373930"},{"id":234870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"4 1768","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56ade4b0c8380cd6d746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carini, M.T.","contributorId":16202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carini","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, J.C.","contributorId":41632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, H.R.","contributorId":14989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025895,"text":"70025895 - 2003 - A delayed action oscillator shared by biennial, interannual, and decadal signals in the Pacific Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025895","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A delayed action oscillator shared by biennial, interannual, and decadal signals in the Pacific Basin","docAbstract":"Biennial, interannual, and decadal signals in the Pacific basin are observed to share patterns and evolution in covarying sea surface temperature (SST), 18??C isotherm depth (Z18), zonal surface wind (ZSW), and wind stress curl (WSC) anomalies from 1955 to 1999. Each signal has warm SST anomalies propagating slowly eastward along the equator, generating westerly ZSW anomalies in their wake. These westerly ZSW anomalies produce cyclonic WSC anomalies off the equator which pump baroclinic Rossby waves in the western/central tropical North Pacific Ocean. These Rossby waves propagate westward, taking ???6, ???12, and ???36 months to reach the western boundary near ???7??N, ???12??N, and ???18??N on biennial, interannual, and decadal period scales, respectively. There, they reflect as equatorial coupled waves, propagating slowly eastward in covarying SST, Z18, and ZSW anomalies, taking ???6, ???12, and ???24 months to reach the central/eastern equatorial ocean. These equatorial coupled waves produce a delayed-negative feedback to the warm SST anomalies there. The decrease in Rossby wave phase speed with latitude, the increase in meridional scale of equatorial SST anomalies with period scale, and the associated increase in latitude of Rossby wave forcing are consistent with the delayed action oscillator (DAO) model used to explain El Nin??o. However, this is not true of the western-boundary reflection of Rossby waves into slow equatorial coupled waves. This requires modification of the extant DAO model. We construct a modified DAO model, demonstrating how the various mechanisms and the size and sources of their delays yield the resulting frequency of each signal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"White, W.B., Tourre, Y., Barlow, M., and Dettinger, M., 2003, A delayed action oscillator shared by biennial, interannual, and decadal signals in the Pacific Basin: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 108, no. 3, p. 15-1.","startPage":"15","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"-13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3ade4b0c8380cd46187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Warren B.","contributorId":26111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tourre, Y.M.","contributorId":46739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourre","given":"Y.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, M.","contributorId":105029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024894,"text":"70024894 - 2003 - Influence of landscape structure and climate variability on a late holocene plant migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024894","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of landscape structure and climate variability on a late holocene plant migration","docAbstract":"We analyzed and radiocarbon-dated 205 fossil woodrat middens from 14 sites in central and northern Wyoming and adjacent Utah and Montana to document spatiotemporal patterns of Holocene invasion by Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). Holocene migration into central and northern Wyoming and southern Montana from the south proceeded by a series of long-distance dispersal events, which were paced by climate variability and structured by the geographic distribution and connectivity of suitable habitats on the landscape. The migration of Utah juniper into the region involved multiple long-distance dispersal events, ranging from 30 to 135 km. One of the earliest established populations, on East Pryor Mountain in south central Montana, is currently the northernmost population of the species. Establishment by long-distance dispersal of that population and another in the Bighorn Basin occurred during a period of relatively dry climate between 7500 and 5400 years ago. Further expansion of these initial colonizing populations and backfilling to occupy suitable sites to the south was delayed during a wet period from 5400 to 2800 years ago. Development of dry conditions 2800 years ago led to a rapid expansion in which Utah juniper colonized sites throughout its current range. Landscape structure and climate variability play important roles in governing the pattern and pace of natural invasions and deserve close attention in studying and modeling plant invasions, whether exotic or natural.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"Lyford, M., Jackson, S., Betancourt, J., and Gray, S., 2003, Influence of landscape structure and climate variability on a late holocene plant migration: Ecological Monographs, v. 73, no. 4, p. 567-583.","startPage":"567","endPage":"583","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b49e4b0c8380cd623c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyford, M.E.","contributorId":33883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, S.T.","contributorId":90072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025986,"text":"70025986 - 2003 - Estimating black bear population density and genetic diversity at Tensas River, Louisiana using microsatellite DNA markers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T13:55:04","indexId":"70025986","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating black bear population density and genetic diversity at Tensas River, Louisiana using microsatellite DNA markers","docAbstract":"<p>The Recovery Plan for the federally threatened Louisiana black bear (<i>Ursus americanus luteolus</i>) mandates that remnant populations be estimated and monitored. In 1999 we obtained genetic material with barbed-wire hair traps to estimate bear population size and genetic diversity at the 329-km<sup>2</sup> Tensas River Tract, Louisiana. We constructed and monitored 122 hair traps, which produced 1,939 hair samples. Of those, we randomly selected 116 subsamples for genetic analysis and used up to 12 microsatellite DNA markers to obtain multilocus genotypes for 58 individuals. We used Program CAPTURE to compute estimates of population size using multiple mark-recapture models. The area of study was almost entirely circumscribed by agricultural land, thus the population was geographically closed. Also, study-area boundaries were biologically discreet, enabling us to accurately estimate population density. Using model Chao M<sub>h</sub> to account for possible effects of individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities, we estimated the population size to be 119 (SE=29.4) bears, or 0.36 bears/km<sup>2</sup>. We were forced to examine a substantial number of loci to differentiate between some individuals because of low genetic variation. Despite the probable introduction of genes from Minnesota bears in the 1960s, the isolated population at Tensas exhibited characteristics consistent with inbreeding and genetic drift. Consequently, the effective population size at Tensas may be as few as 32, which warrants continued monitoring or possibly genetic augmentation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Boersen, M.R., Clark, J.D., and King, T., 2003, Estimating black bear population density and genetic diversity at Tensas River, Louisiana using microsatellite DNA markers: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 1, p. 197-207.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784374"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Franklin parish, Madison parish, Tensas parish","otherGeospatial":"Tensas River Wildlife 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Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":407387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Tim L.","contributorId":10736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024969,"text":"70024969 - 2003 - Deformation and the timing of gas generation and migration in the eastern Brooks Range foothills, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T15:22:49.377632","indexId":"70024969","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation and the timing of gas generation and migration in the eastern Brooks Range foothills, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstractnoin\">Along the southeast border of the 1002 Assessment Area in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, an explicit link between gas generation and deformation in the Brooks Range fold and thrust belt is provided through petrographic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope analyses of fracture cements integrated with zircon fission-track data. Predominantly quartz-cemented fractures, collected from thrusted Triassic and Jurassic rocks, contain crack-seal textures, healed microcracks, and curved crystals and fluid inclusion populations, which suggest that cement growth occurred before, during, and after deformation. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (175–250<img src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/DEG.JPG\" alt=\"deg\" data-mce-src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/DEG.JPG\">C) and temperature trends in fracture samples suggest that cements grew at 7–10 km depth during the transition from burial to uplift and during early uplift. CH<sub>4</sub>-rich (dry gas) inclusions in the Shublik Formation and Kingak Shale are consistent with inclusion entrapment at high thermal maturity for these source rocks. Pressure modeling of these CH<sub>4</sub>-rich inclusions suggests that pore fluids were overpressured during fracture cementation.</p><p>Zircon fission-track data in the area record postdeposition denudation associated with early Brooks Range deformation at 64<span>&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/PLUSMN.JPG\" alt=\"plusmn\" data-mce-src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/PLUSMN.JPG\"><span>&nbsp;</span>3 Ma. With a closure temperature of 225–240<img src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/DEG.JPG\" alt=\"deg\" data-mce-src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/DEG.JPG\">C, the zircon fission-track data overlap homogenization temperatures of coeval aqueous inclusions and inclusions containing dry gas in Kingak and Shublik fracture cements. This critical time-temperature relationship suggests that fracture cementation occurred during early Brooks Range deformation. Dry gas inclusions suggest that Shublik and Kingak source rocks had exceeded peak oil and gas generation temperatures at the time structural traps formed during early Brooks Range deformation. The timing of hydrocarbon generation with respect to deformation therefore represents an important exploration risk for gas exploration in this part of the Brooks Range fold and thrust belt. The persistence of gas high at thermal maturity levels suggests, however, that significant volumes of gas may have been generated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/07100301111","usgsCitation":"Parris, T., Burruss, R., and O’Sullivan, P.B., 2003, Deformation and the timing of gas generation and migration in the eastern Brooks Range foothills, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 87, no. 11, p. 1823-1846, https://doi.org/10.1306/07100301111.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1823","endPage":"1846","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233114,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.20052773619736,\n              71.95556099002448\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.94899570242555,\n              71.95556099002448\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.94899570242555,\n              69.19546906747962\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.20052773619736,\n              69.19546906747962\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.20052773619736,\n              71.95556099002448\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe44e4b0c8380cd4ec1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parris, T. M.","contributorId":10199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parris","given":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Sullivan, P. B.","contributorId":39950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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