Using three resolutions of the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry global magnetosphere-ionosphere model (LFM) and the Weimer 2005 empirical model we examine the structure of the high latitude field-aligned current patterns. Each resolution was run for the entire Whole Heliosphere Interval which contained two high speed solar wind streams and modest interplanetary magnetic field strengths. Average states of the field-aligned current (FAC) patterns for 8 interplanetary magnetic field clock angle directions are computed using data from these runs. Generally speaking the patterns obtained agree well with results obtained from the Weimer 2005 computing using the solar wind and IMF conditions that correspond to each bin. As the simulation resolution increases the currents become more intense and narrow. A machine learning analysis of the FAC patterns shows that the ratio of Region 1 (R1) to Region 2 (R2) currents decreases as the simulation resolution increases. This brings the simulation results into better agreement with observational predictions and the Weimer 2005 model results. The increase in R2 current strengths also results in the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) pattern being concentrated in higher latitudes. Current-voltage relationships between the R1 and CPCP are quite similar at the higher resolution indicating the simulation is converging on a common solution. We conclude that LFM simulations are capable of reproducing the statistical features of FAC patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11214-016-0271-2","usgsCitation":"Wiltberger, M., Rigler, E.J., Merkin, V., and Lyon, J.G., 2016, Structure of high latitude currents in global magnetospheric-ionospheric models: Space Science Reviews, v. 206, no. 1, p. 575-598, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0271-2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"598","ipdsId":"IP-077646","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"206","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f5e4b014cc3a3ba4c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiltberger, M","contributorId":187628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiltberger","given":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rigler, E. J.","contributorId":187639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rigler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merkin, V","contributorId":187629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merkin","given":"V","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyon, J. G","contributorId":187630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184452,"text":"70184452 - 2016 - Comparison of methods to monitor the distribution and impacts of unauthorized travel routes in a border park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:27:50","indexId":"70184452","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods to monitor the distribution and impacts of unauthorized travel routes in a border park","docAbstract":"The distribution and abundance of human-caused disturbances vary greatly through space and time and are cause for concern among land stewards in natural areas of the southwestern border-lands between the USA and Mexico. Human migration and border protection along the international boundary create Unauthorized Trail and Road (UTR) networks across National Park Service lands and other natural areas. UTRs may cause soil erosion and compaction, damage to vegetation and cultural resources, and may stress wildlife or impede their movements. We quantify the density and severity of UTR disturbances in relation to soils, and compare the use of previously established targeted trail assessments (hereafter — targeted assessments) against randomly placed transects to detect trail densities at Coronado National Memorial in Arizona in 2011. While trail distributions were similar between methods, targeted assessments estimated a large portion of the park to have the lowest density category (0–5 trail encounters per/km2), whereas the random transects in 2011 estimated more of the park as having the higher density categories (e.g., 15–20 encounters per km2category). Soil vulnerability categories that were assigned, a priori, based on published soil texture and composition did not accurately predict the impact of UTRs on soil, indicating that empirical methods may be better suited for identifying severity of compaction. While the estimates of UTR encounter frequencies were greater using the random transects than the targeted assessments for a relatively short period of time, it is difficult to determine whether this difference is dependent on greater cross-border activity, differences in technique, or from confounding environmental factors. Future surveys using standardized sampling techniques would increase accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/043.036.0305","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Inman, R.D., Nussear, K.E., Webb, R., Girard, M., and DeGayner, J., 2016, Comparison of methods to monitor the distribution and impacts of unauthorized travel routes in a border park: Natural Areas Journal, v. 36, no. 3, p. 248-258, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.036.0305.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"258","ipdsId":"IP-041641","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Cochise County","otherGeospatial":"Coronado National Memorial","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.29037475585936,\n 31.333551415222512\n ],\n [\n -110.22308349609375,\n 31.333551415222512\n ],\n [\n -110.22308349609375,\n 31.36829520164191\n ],\n [\n -110.29037475585936,\n 31.36829520164191\n ],\n [\n -110.29037475585936,\n 31.333551415222512\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dbe4b014cc3a3e76d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, Todd C. 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":168763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inman, Richard D. 0000-0002-1982-7791 rdinman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-7791","contributorId":187754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard","email":"rdinman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, Robert rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":187755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":681584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Girard, M.M.","contributorId":187757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Girard","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeGayner, J.","contributorId":187756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeGayner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184432,"text":"70184432 - 2016 - Anticipated water quality changes in response to climate change and potential consequences for inland fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:35:33","indexId":"70184432","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anticipated water quality changes in response to climate change and potential consequences for inland fishes","docAbstract":"Healthy freshwater ecosystems are a critical component of the world's economy, with a critical role in maintaining public health, inland biological diversity, and overall quality of life. Globally, our climate is changing, with air temperature and precipitation regimes deviating significantly from historical patterns. Healthy freshwater ecosystems are a critical component of the world's economy, with a critical role in maintaining public health, inland biological diversity, and overall quality of life. Globally, our climate is changing, with air temperature and precipitation regimes deviating significantly from historical patterns. Changes anticipated with climate change in the future are likely to have a profound effect on inland aquatic ecosystems through diverse pathways, including changes in water quality. In this brief article, we present an initial discussion of several of the water quality responses that can be anticipated to occur within inland water bodies with climate change and how those changes are likely to impact fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2016.1182509","usgsCitation":"Chen, Y., Todd, A.S., Murphy, M.H., and Lomnicky, G., 2016, Anticipated water quality changes in response to climate change and potential consequences for inland fishes: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 7, p. 413-416, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2016.1182509.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"416","ipdsId":"IP-072548","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dce4b014cc3a3e76d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Yushun","contributorId":146569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yushun","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Andrew S. atodd@usgs.gov","contributorId":1022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew","email":"atodd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Margaret H.","contributorId":187717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lomnicky, Gregg","contributorId":187718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lomnicky","given":"Gregg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174036,"text":"70174036 - 2016 - Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T11:41:15","indexId":"70174036","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides and engineered slopes. Experience, theory and practice Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Symposium on Landslides","conferenceDate":"June 12-19, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Napoli, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Associazione Geotecnica Italiana","publisherLocation":"Rome, Italy","doi":"10.1201/b21520-176","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., Smith, J.B., Godt, J.W., Baum, R., and Coe, J.A., 2016, Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA, in Landslides and engineered slopes. Experience, theory and practice Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides, Napoli, Italy, June 12-19, 2016, p. 1431-1439, https://doi.org/10.1201/b21520-176.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1431","endPage":"1439","ipdsId":"IP-072370","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bafe4b0571647d0f944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170864,"text":"70170864 - 2016 - Gemstones in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:20:46","indexId":"70170864","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gemstones in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D.W., 2016, Gemstones in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075611","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778620e4b07dd077c878b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Donald W. dolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Donald","email":"dolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170863,"text":"70170863 - 2016 - Industrial Diamond in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:21:45","indexId":"70170863","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial Diamond in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D.W., 2016, Industrial Diamond in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075609","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778622e4b07dd077c878c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Donald W. dolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Donald","email":"dolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70155914,"text":"70155914 - 2016 - Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Dead Sea Rift Basins of Israel and Jordan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:20:26","indexId":"70155914","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5128,"text":"GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Dead Sea Rift Basins of Israel and Jordan","docAbstract":"Following its middle Miocene inception, numerous basins of varying lengths and depths developed along the Dead Sea fault zone, a large continental transform plate boundary. The modern day left-lateral fault zone has an accumulated left-lateral offset of 105 to 110 km (65 to 68 mi). The deepest basin along the fault zone, the Lake Lisan or Dead Sea basin, reaches depths of 7.5 to 8.5 km (24,500 ft to 28,000 ft), and shows evidence of hydrocarbons. The basins are compartmentalized by normal faulting associated with rapid basin subsidence and, where present, domal uplift accompanying synrift salt withdrawal.
\nThe stratigraphy of the fault zone is composed of a thick pre-wrench interval of early Tertiary to Precambrian strata overlain by a syn-wrench section of Miocene to Recent sediments. The main potential source rock is the pre-wrench Cretaceous Maastrichtian Ghareb Formation (and equivalents), which has a total organic carbon (TOC) content measurement of 8 to 18%. Lesser potential source rocks may also be found in the Pleistocene, Cretaceous (Turonian), Jurassic (Oxfordian–Callovian), and Triassic (Ladinian–Carnian).
\nGeochemical analyses indicate that the source of all oils, asphalts, and tars recovered in the Lake Lisan basin is the Ghareb Formation. Geothermal gradients along the Dead Sea fault zone vary from basin to basin. Syn-wrench potential reservoir rocks are highly porous and permeable, whereas pre-wrench strata commonly exhibit lower porosity and permeability. Biogenic gas has been produced from Pleistocene reservoirs. Potential sealing intervals may be present in Neogene evaporites and tight lacustrine limestones and shales. Simple structural traps are not evident; however, subsalt traps may exist. Unconventional source rock reservoir potential has not been tested.
","language":"English","publisher":"GCSSEPM Foundation","doi":"10.5724/gcs.15.34.0521","usgsCitation":"Coleman, J.L., and ten Brink, U., 2016, Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Dead Sea Rift Basins of Israel and Jordan: GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings, v. 34, p. 521-553, https://doi.org/10.5724/gcs.15.34.0521.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067308","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb7e4b081161682234b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, James L. jlcoleman@usgs.gov","contributorId":141060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155923,"text":"70155923 - 2016 - Examination of the Reelfoot Rift Petroleum System, south-central United States, and the elements that remain for potential exploration and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:23:56","indexId":"70155923","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5128,"text":"GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examination of the Reelfoot Rift Petroleum System, south-central United States, and the elements that remain for potential exploration and development","docAbstract":"The Reelfoot rift is one segment of a late Proterozoic(?) to early Paleozoic intracontinental rift complex in the south-central United States. The rift complex is situated beneath Mesozoic to Cenozoic strata of the Mississippi embayment of southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, and western Tennessee and Kentucky. The rift portion of the stratigraphic section consists primarily of synrift Cambrian and Ordovician strata, capped by a postrift sag succession of Late Ordovician to Cenozoic age. Potential synrift source rocks have been identified in the Cambrian Elvins Shale. Thermal maturity of Paleozoic strata within the rift ranges from the oil window to the dry gas window. Petroleum generation in Elvins source rocks likely occurred during the middle to late Paleozoic. Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks unconformably overlie various Paleozoic units and define the likely upper boundary of the petroleum system.
\nNo production has been established in the Reel-foot rift. However, at least nine of 22 exploratory wells have reported petroleum shows, mainly gas shows with some asphalt or solid hydrocarbon residue. Regional seismic profiling shows the presence of two large inversion structures (Blytheville arch and Pascola arch). The Blytheville arch is marked by a core of structurally thickened Elvins Shale, whereas the Pascola arch reflects the structural uplift of a portion of the entire rift basin. Structural uplift and faulting within the Reelfoot rift since the late Paleozoic appear to have disrupted older conventional hydrocarbon traps and likely spilled any potential conventional petroleum accumulations. The remaining potential resources within the Reelfoot rift are likely shale gas accumulations within the Elvins Shale; however, reservoir continuity and porosity as well as pervasive faulting appear to be significant future challenges for explorers and drillers.
","language":"English","publisher":"GCSSEPM Foundation","doi":"10.5724/gcs.15.34.0345","usgsCitation":"Coleman, J.L., and Pratt, T.L., 2016, Examination of the Reelfoot Rift Petroleum System, south-central United States, and the elements that remain for potential exploration and development: GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings, v. 34, p. 345-371, https://doi.org/10.5724/gcs.15.34.0345.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"371","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067310","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb6e4b0811616822324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, James L. jlcoleman@usgs.gov","contributorId":141060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192682,"text":"70192682 - 2016 - Age, sex and social influences on adult survival in the cooperatively breeding Karoo Scrub-robin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:48:54","indexId":"70192682","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1494,"text":"Emu","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, sex and social influences on adult survival in the cooperatively breeding Karoo Scrub-robin","docAbstract":"Among cooperatively breeding species, helpers are hypothesised to increase the survival of breeders by reducing breeder workload in offspring care and increased group vigilance against predators. Furthermore, parental nepotism or other benefits of group living may provide a survival benefit to young that delay dispersal to help. We tested these hypotheses in the Karoo Scrub-robin (Cercotrichas coryphaeus), a long-lived, and facultative cooperatively breeding species in which male helpers make substantial contributions to the care of young. We found that annual breeder survival in the presence of helpers did not differ detectably from breeders without helpers or breeders that lost helpers. Furthermore, helpers did not gain a survival benefit from deferred breeding; apparent survival did not differ detectably between male helpers and male breeders followed from one year old. These results are consistent with other studies suggesting a lack of adult survival benefits among species where breeders do not substantially reduce workloads when helpers are present. They are also consistent with the hypothesis that males that delay dispersal make the ‘best of a bad job’ by helping on their natal territory to gain indirect fitness benefits when they are unable to obtain a territory vacancy nearby.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/MU15076","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, P., Martin, T.E., Taylor, A., Braae, A., and Altwegg, R., 2016, Age, sex and social influences on adult survival in the cooperatively breeding Karoo Scrub-robin: Emu, v. 116, no. 4, p. 394-401, https://doi.org/10.1071/MU15076.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"401","ipdsId":"IP-067108","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c1e4b0dc0b45b453f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, Penn","contributorId":200179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lloyd","given":"Penn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Andrew","contributorId":200183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braae, Anne","contributorId":200184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braae","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Altwegg, Res","contributorId":171528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Altwegg","given":"Res","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192729,"text":"70192729 - 2016 - Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:33:49","indexId":"70192729","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009","docAbstract":"A significant portion of the large amount of carbon (C) currently stored in soils of the permafrost region in the Northern Hemisphere has the potential to be emitted as the greenhouse gases CO2and CH4 under a warmer climate. In this study we evaluated the variability in the sensitivity of permafrost and C in recent decades among land surface model simulations over the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009. The 15 model simulations all predict a loss of near-surface permafrost (within 3 m) area over the region, but there are large differences in the magnitude of the simulated rates of loss among the models (0.2 to 58.8 × 103 km2 yr−1). Sensitivity simulations indicated that changes in air temperature largely explained changes in permafrost area, although interactions among changes in other environmental variables also played a role. All of the models indicate that both vegetation and soil C storage together have increased by 156 to 954 Tg C yr−1between 1960 and 2009 over the permafrost region even though model analyses indicate that warming alone would decrease soil C storage. Increases in gross primary production (GPP) largely explain the simulated increases in vegetation and soil C. The sensitivity of GPP to increases in atmospheric CO2 was the dominant cause of increases in GPP across the models, but comparison of simulated GPP trends across the 1982–2009 period with that of a global GPP data set indicates that all of the models overestimate the trend in GPP. Disturbance also appears to be an important factor affecting C storage, as models that consider disturbance had lower increases in C storage than models that did not consider disturbance. To improve the modeling of C in the permafrost region, there is the need for the modeling community to standardize structural representation of permafrost and carbon dynamics among models that are used to evaluate the permafrost C feedback and for the modeling and observational communities to jointly develop data sets and methodologies to more effectively benchmark models.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016GB005405","usgsCitation":"McGuire, A.D., Koven, C., Lawrence, D.M., Clein, J.S., Xia, J., Beer, C., Burke, E.J., Chen, G., Chen, X., Delire, C., Jafarov, E., MacDougall, A.H., Marchenko, S., Nicolsky, D.J., Peng, S., Rinke, A., Saito, K., Zhang, W., Alkama, R., Bohn, T.J., Ciais, P., Decharme, B., Ekici, A., Gouttevin, I., Hajima, T., Hayes, D.J., Ji, D., Krinner, G., Lettenmaier, D.P., Luo, Y., Miller, P.A., Moore, J., Romanovsky, V., Schädel, C., Schaefer, K., Schuur, E.A., Smith, B., Sueyoshi, T., and Zhuang, Q., 2016, Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 30, no. 7, p. 1015-1037, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005405.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1015","endPage":"1037","ipdsId":"IP-073905","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gb005405","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425bfe4b0dc0b45b453f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koven, Charles","contributorId":51143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koven","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, David M.","contributorId":105206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7166,"text":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xia, Jiangyang","contributorId":200163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xia","given":"Jiangyang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beer, Christian","contributorId":200164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beer","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burke, Eleanor J.","contributorId":172358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burke","given":"Eleanor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chen, Guangsheng","contributorId":200153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Guangsheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chen, Xiaodong","contributorId":172359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Xiaodong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16995,"text":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Delire, Christine","contributorId":172360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delire","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16636,"text":"CNRS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jafarov, 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A.","contributorId":57372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Moore, John C.","contributorId":152072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Romanovsky, Vladimir","contributorId":175208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Schädel, Christina","contributorId":178287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schädel","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Schaefer, Kevin","contributorId":63323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Schuur, Edward A.G.","contributorId":50026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Smith, Benjamin","contributorId":171834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Sueyoshi, Tetsuo","contributorId":172368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sueyoshi","given":"Tetsuo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Zhuang, Qianlai","contributorId":101975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Qianlai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39}]}} ,{"id":70177065,"text":"70177065 - 2016 - Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T15:38:55.329211","indexId":"70177065","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"38","title":"Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault system in California is one of the best-studied faults in the world, both in terms of the long-term geologic history and paleoseismic study of past surface ruptures. In this paper, we focus on the Quaternary to historic data that have been collected from the major strands of the San Andreas fault system, both on the San Andreas Fault itself, and the major subparallel strands that comprise the plate boundary, including the Calaveras-Hayward- Rogers Creek-Maacama fault zone and the Concord-Green Valley-Bartlett Springs fault zone in northern California, and the San Jacinto and Elsinore faults in southern California. The majority of the relative motion between the Pacific and North American lithospheric plates is accommodated by these faults, with the San Andreas slipping at about 34 mm/yr in central California, decreasing to about 20 mm/yr in northern California north of its juncture with the Calaveras and Concord faults. The Calaveras-Hayward-Rogers Creek-Maacama fault zone exhibits a slip rate of 10-15 mm/yr, whereas the rate along the Concord-Green Valley-Bartlett Springs fault zone is lower at about 5 mm/yr. In southern California, the San Andreas exhibits a slip rate of about 35 mm/yr along the Mojave section, decreasing to as low as 10-15 mm/yr along its juncture with the San Jacinto fault, and about 20 mm/yr in the Coachella Valley. The San Jacinto and Elsinore fault zones exhibit rates of about 15 and 5 mm/yr, respectively. The average recurrence interval for surface-rupturing earthquakes along individual elements of the San Andreas fault system range from 100-500 years and is consistent with slip rate at those sites: higher slip rates produce more frequent or larger earthquakes. There is also evidence of short-term variations in strain release (slip rate) along various fault sections, as expressed as “flurries” or clusters of earthquakes as well as periods of relatively fewer surface ruptures in these relatively short records. This is reflected by non-periodic coefficients of variation in earthquake recurrence of 0.4 to 0.7 for the various paleoseismic sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied geology in California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Star Publishing","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, T., Scharer, K.M., and Dawson, T.E., 2016, Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system, chap. 38 of Applied geology in California, v. 26, p. 721-756.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"756","ipdsId":"IP-055460","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.appliedgeologybook.com/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -115.20263671874999,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -115.20263671874999,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5822f23ae4b0ef3123a97021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Thomas","contributorId":175454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496 kscharer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":3385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine","email":"kscharer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175394,"text":"70175394 - 2016 - Vulnerability of shortgrass prairie bird assemblages to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T13:09:54","indexId":"70175394","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Vulnerability of shortgrass prairie bird assemblages to climate change","docAbstract":"The habitats and resources needed to support grassland birds endemic to North American prairie ecosystems are seriously threatened by impending climate change. To assess the vulnerability of grassland birds to climate change, we consider various components of vulnerability, including sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity (Glick et al. 2011). Sensitivity encompasses the innate characteristics of a species and, in this context, is related to a species’ tolerance to changes in weather patterns. Groundnesting birds, including prairie birds, are particularly responsive to heat waves combined with drought conditions, as revealed by abundance and distribution patterns (Albright et al. 2010). To further assess sensitivity, we estimated reproductive parameters of nearly 3000 breeding attempts of a suite of prairie birds relative to prevailing weather. Fluctuations in weather conditions in eastern Colorado, 1997-2014, influenced breeding performance of a suite of avian species endemic to the shortgrass prairie, many of which have experienced recent population declines. High summer temperatures and intense rain events corresponded with lower nest survival for most species. Although dry conditions favored nest survival of Burrowing Owls and Mountain Plovers (Conrey 2010, Dreitz et al. 2012), drought resulted in smaller clutch sizes and lower nest survival for passerines (Skagen and Yackel Adams 2012, Conrey et al. in review). Declining summer precipitation may reduce the likelihood that some passerine species can maintain stable breeding populations in this region of the shortgrass prairie.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"America's Grasslands Conference: Partnerships for Grassland Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"America's Grasslands Conference: Partnerships for Grassland Conservation","conferenceDate":"September 29- October 1, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S., Dreitz, V., Conrey, R.Y., Yackel, A., and Panjabi, A.O., 2016, Vulnerability of shortgrass prairie bird assemblages to climate change, in America's Grasslands Conference: Partnerships for Grassland Conservation, Fort Collins, CO, September 29- October 1, 2015, p. 100-101.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"101","ipdsId":"IP-073718","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326283,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nwf.org/~/media/PDFs/Misc/2015-Americas-Grasslands-Conference_Proceedings-FINAL-070816.ashx"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffc0e4b0f2f0cebfc353","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knuffman, Lekha","contributorId":174191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knuffman","given":"Lekha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647670,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":167829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan K.","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreitz, Victoria","contributorId":172457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreitz","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrey, Reesa Y.","contributorId":169966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrey","given":"Reesa","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":16861,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yackel, Amy 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":152310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Panjabi, Arvind O.","contributorId":169967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panjabi","given":"Arvind","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":25644,"text":"Bird Conservancy of the Rockies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155241,"text":"70155241 - 2016 - Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T09:59:33","indexId":"70155241","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Fidelity to high-quality spawning sites helps ensure that adults repeatedly spawn at sites that maximize reproductive success. Fidelity is also an important behavioural characteristic to consider when hatchery-reared individuals are stocked for species restoration, because artificial rearing environments may interfere with cues that guide appropriate spawning site selection. Acoustic telemetry was used in conjunction with Cormack–Jolly–Seber capture–recapture models to compare degree of spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron. Annual survival was estimated to be between 77% and 81% and did not differ among wild and hatchery males and females. Site fidelity estimates were high in both wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (ranging from 0.78 to 0.94, depending on group and time filter), but were slightly lower in hatchery-reared fish than in wild fish. The ecological implication of the small difference in site fidelity between wild and hatchery-reared lake trout is unclear, but similarities in estimates suggest that many hatchery-reared fish use similar spawning sites to wild fish and that most return to those sites annually for spawning.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0175","usgsCitation":"Binder, T., Riley, S.C., Holbrook, C., Hansen, M.J., Bergstedt, R.A., Bronte, C.R., He, J., and Krueger, C., 2016, Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 1, p. 18-34, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0175.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064734","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778629e4b07dd077c878f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Binder, Thomas 0000-0001-9266-9120 tbinder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-9120","contributorId":4958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binder","given":"Thomas","email":"tbinder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riley, Stephen C. 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":2661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":139681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"He, Ji","contributorId":172649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Ji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":67821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70185575,"text":"70185575 - 2016 - Ball clay in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T15:17:04.184528","indexId":"70185575","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ball clay in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mining Engineering","usgsCitation":"Flanagan, D., 2016, Ball clay in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-31.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-074859","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63037e4b05ec7991310df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanagan, Daniel dflanagan@usgs.gov","contributorId":189778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Daniel","email":"dflanagan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185572,"text":"70185572 - 2016 - Bauxite and alumina in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-24T10:46:33","indexId":"70185572","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bauxite and alumina in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mining Engineering","usgsCitation":"Bray, E., 2016, Bauxite and alumina in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 30-30.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-074362","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63037e4b05ec7991310e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bray, E. Lee lbray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"E. Lee","email":"lbray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182762,"text":"70182762 - 2016 - Automated mapping of persistent ice and snow cover across the western U.S. with Landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T11:15:56","indexId":"70182762","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1958,"text":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated mapping of persistent ice and snow cover across the western U.S. with Landsat","docAbstract":"We implemented an automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover (PISC) across the conterminous western U.S. using all available Landsat TM and ETM+ scenes acquired during the late summer/early fall period between 2010 and 2014. Two separate validation approaches indicate this dataset provides a more accurate representation of glacial ice and perennial snow cover for the region than either the U.S. glacier database derived from US Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Raster Graphics (DRG) maps (based on aerial photography primarily from the 1960s–1980s) or the National Land Cover Database 2011 perennial ice and snow cover class. Our 2010–2014 Landsat-derived dataset indicates 28% less glacier and perennial snow cover than the USGS DRG dataset. There are larger differences between the datasets in some regions, such as the Rocky Mountains of Northwest Wyoming and Southwest Montana, where the Landsat dataset indicates 54% less PISC area. Analysis of Landsat scenes from 1987–1988 and 2008–2010 for three regions using a more conventional, semi-automated approach indicates substantial decreases in glaciers and perennial snow cover that correlate with differences between PISC mapped by the USGS DRG dataset and the automated Landsat-derived dataset. This suggests that most of the differences in PISC between the USGS DRG and the Landsat-derived dataset can be attributed to decreases in PISC, as opposed to differences between mapping techniques. While the dataset produced by the automated Landsat mapping approach is not designed to serve as a conventional glacier inventory that provides glacier outlines and attribute information, it allows for an updated estimate of PISC for the conterminous U.S. as well as for smaller regions. Additionally, the new dataset highlights areas where decreases in PISC have been most significant over the past 25–50 years.
We describe the most likely forms of the probability distributions of bed load particle velocities, accelerations, hop distances, and travel times, in a manner that formally appeals to inferential statistics while honoring mechanical and kinematic constraints imposed by equilibrium transport conditions. The analysis is based on E. Jaynes's elaboration of the implications of the similarity between the Gibbs entropy in statistical mechanics and the Shannon entropy in information theory. By maximizing the information entropy of a distribution subject to known constraints on its moments, our choice of the form of the distribution is unbiased. The analysis suggests that particle velocities and travel times are exponentially distributed and that particle accelerations follow a Laplace distribution with zero mean. Particle hop distances, viewed alone, ought to be distributed exponentially. However, the covariance between hop distances and travel times precludes this result. Instead, the covariance structure suggests that hop distances follow a Weibull distribution. These distributions are consistent with high-resolution measurements obtained from high-speed imaging of bed load particle motions. The analysis brings us closer to choosing distributions based on our mechanical insight.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016JF003833","usgsCitation":"Furbish, D., Schmeeckle, M., Schumer, R., and Fathel, S., 2016, Probability distributions of bed load particle velocities, accelerations, hop distances, and travel times informed by Jaynes's principle of maximum entropy: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 121, no. 7, p. 1373-1390, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003833.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1373","endPage":"1390","ipdsId":"IP-073671","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf003833","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7afa4e4b0849ce9795eb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furbish, David","contributorId":189086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furbish","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmeeckle, Mark mschmeeckle@usgs.gov","contributorId":173789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeeckle","given":"Mark","email":"mschmeeckle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumer, Rina","contributorId":189087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumer","given":"Rina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fathel, Siobhan","contributorId":189088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fathel","given":"Siobhan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155922,"text":"70155922 - 2016 - Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Hartford-Deerfield Basin, Connecticut and Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:05:38","indexId":"70155922","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5128,"text":"GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Hartford-Deerfield Basin, Connecticut and Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The Hartford-Deerfield basin, a Late Triassic to Early Jurassic rift basin located in central Connecticut and Massachusetts, is the northernmost basin of the onshore Mesozoic rift basins in the eastern United States. The presence of asphaltic petroleum in outcrops indicates that at least one active petroleum system has existed within the basin. However, to-date oil and gas wells have not been drilled in the basin to test any type of petroleum trap. There are good to excellent quality source rocks (up to 3.8% present day total organic carbon) within the Jurassic East Berlin and Portland formations. While these source rock intervals are fairly extensive and at peak oil to peak gas stages of maturity, individual source rock beds are relatively thin (typically less than 1 m) based solely on outcrop observations. Potential reservoir rocks within the Hartford-Deerfield basin are arkosic conglomerates, pebbly sandstones, and finer grained sandstones, shales, siltstones, and fractured igneous rocks of the Triassic New Haven and Jurassic East Berlin and Portland formations (and possibly other units). Sandstone porosity data from 75 samples range from less than 1% to 21%, with a mean of 5%. Permeability is equally low, except around joints, fractures, and faults. Seals are likely to be unfractured intra-formational shales and tight igneous bodies. Maturation, generation, and expulsion likely occurred during the late synrift period (Early Jurassic) accentuated by an increase in local geothermal gradient, igneous intrusions, and hydrothermal fluid circulation. Migration pathways were likely along syn- and postrift faults and fracture zones. Petroleum resources, if present, are probably unconventional (continuous) accumulations as conventionally accumulated petroleum is likely not present in significant volumes.
","language":"English","publisher":"GCSSEPM Foundation","doi":"10.5724/gcs.15.34.0195","usgsCitation":"Coleman, J.L., 2016, Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Hartford-Deerfield Basin, Connecticut and Massachusetts: GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings, v. 34, p. 195-214, https://doi.org/10.5724/gcs.15.34.0195.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"214","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067309","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Hartford-Deerfield Basin","volume":"34","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb7e4b0811616822350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, James L. jlcoleman@usgs.gov","contributorId":141060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186328,"text":"70186328 - 2016 - Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:45:11","indexId":"70186328","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling","docAbstract":"Zones of strong groundwater upwelling to streams enhance thermal stability and moderate thermal extremes, which is particularly important to aquatic ecosystems in a warming climate. Passive thermal tracer methods used to quantify vertical upwelling rates rely on downward conduction of surface temperature signals. However, moderate to high groundwater flux rates (>−1.5 m d−1) restrict downward propagation of diurnal temperature signals, and therefore the applicability of several passive thermal methods. Active streambed heating from within high-resolution fiber-optic temperature sensors (A-HRTS) has the potential to define multidimensional fluid-flux patterns below the extinction depth of surface thermal signals, allowing better quantification and separation of local and regional groundwater discharge. To demonstrate this concept, nine A-HRTS were emplaced vertically into the streambed in a grid with ∼0.40 m lateral spacing at a stream with strong upward vertical flux in Mashpee, Massachusetts, USA. Long-term (8–9 h) heating events were performed to confirm the dominance of vertical flow to the 0.6 m depth, well below the extinction of ambient diurnal signals. To quantify vertical flux, short-term heating events (28 min) were performed at each A-HRTS, and heat-pulse decay over vertical profiles was numerically modeled in radial two dimension (2-D) using SUTRA. Modeled flux values are similar to those obtained with seepage meters, Darcy methods, and analytical modeling of shallow diurnal signals. We also observed repeatable differential heating patterns along the length of vertically oriented sensors that may indicate sediment layering and hyporheic exchange superimposed on regional groundwater discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR018219","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Buckley, S.F., Bagtzoglou, A.C., Werkema, D.D., and Lane, J.W., 2016, Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 7, p. 5179-5194, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018219.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5179","endPage":"5194","ipdsId":"IP-074563","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b2e4b09da679997794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, Sean F. sbuckley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Sean","email":"sbuckley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.","contributorId":190400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagtzoglou","given":"Amvrossios","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werkema, Dale D.","contributorId":190401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werkema","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187758,"text":"70187758 - 2016 - Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T10:54:46","indexId":"70187758","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics","docAbstract":"The impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances (ECE&D) on the carbon cycle have received growing attention in recent years. This special issue showcases a collection of recent advances in understanding the impacts of ECE&D on carbon cycling. Notable advances include quantifying how harvesting activities impact forest structure, carbon pool dynamics, and recovery processes; observed drastic increases of the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved methane in thermokarst lakes in western Siberia during a summer warming event; disentangling the roles of herbivores and fire on forest carbon dioxide flux; direct and indirect impacts of fire on the global carbon balance; and improved atmospheric inversion of regional carbon sources and sinks by incorporating disturbances. Combined, studies herein indicate several major research needs. First, disturbances and extreme events can interact with one another, and it is important to understand their overall impacts and also disentangle their effects on the carbon cycle. Second, current ecosystem models are not skillful enough to correctly simulate the underlying processes and impacts of ECE&D (e.g., tree mortality and carbon consequences). Third, benchmark data characterizing the timing, location, type, and magnitude of disturbances must be systematically created to improve our ability to quantify carbon dynamics over large areas. Finally, improving the representation of ECE&D in regional climate/earth system models and accounting for the resulting feedbacks to climate are essential for understanding the interactions between climate and ecosystem dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-13-3665-2016","usgsCitation":"Xiao, J., Liu, S., and Stoy, P., 2016, Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics: Biogeosciences, v. 13, p. 3665-3675, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3665-2016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3665","endPage":"3675","ipdsId":"IP-069417","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3665-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e25bce4b0764e6c61b73b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xiao, Jingfeng","contributorId":66998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Jingfeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoy, Paul C.","contributorId":60860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoy","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188437,"text":"70188437 - 2016 - The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T14:13:33","indexId":"70188437","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin","docAbstract":"Most Atlantic hurricanes form in the Main Development Region between 9°N to 20°N along the northern edge of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous research has suggested that meridional shifts in the ITCZ position on geologic timescales can modulate hurricane activity, but continuous and long-term storm records are needed from multiple sites to assess this hypothesis. Here we present a 3000 year record of intense hurricane strikes in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island) based on overwash deposits in a coastal sinkhole, which indicates that the ITCZ has likely helped modulate intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin on millennial to centennial-scales. The new reconstruction closely matches a previous reconstruction from Puerto Rico, and documents a period of elevated intense hurricane activity on the western North Atlantic margin from 2500 to 1000 years ago when paleo precipitation proxies suggest that the ITCZ occupied a more northern position. Considering that anthropogenic warming is predicted to be focused in the northern hemisphere in the coming century, these results provide a prehistoric analog that an attendant northern ITCZ shift in the future may again return the western North Atlantic margin to an active hurricane interval.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep21728","usgsCitation":"van Hengstrum, P.J., Donnelly, J.P., Fall, P.L., Toomey, M., Albury, N.A., and Kakuk, B., 2016, The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin: Scientific Reports, v. 6, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21728.","productDescription":"Article number: 21728; 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-068915","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21728","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3a2e4b0764e6c60e7bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Hengstrum, Peter J.","contributorId":192782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Hengstrum","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly, Jeffrey P.","contributorId":192783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fall, Patricia L.","contributorId":192784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fall","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toomey, Michael 0000-0003-0167-9273 mtoomey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-9273","contributorId":184097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toomey","given":"Michael","email":"mtoomey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Albury, Nancy A.","contributorId":192785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albury","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kakuk, Brian","contributorId":192786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kakuk","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70185573,"text":"70185573 - 2016 - Fire clay in 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T15:16:31.838802","indexId":"70185573","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire clay in 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mining Engineering","usgsCitation":"Flanagan, D., 2016, Fire clay in 2015: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 7, p. 41-42.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-074886","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338242,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6675&page=30"}],"volume":"68","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63037e4b05ec7991310e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanagan, Daniel dflanagan@usgs.gov","contributorId":189778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Daniel","email":"dflanagan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185026,"text":"70185026 - 2016 - Discovery of alunite in Cross crater, Terra Sirenum, Mars: Evidence for acidic, sulfurous waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:22:27","indexId":"70185026","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Discovery of alunite in Cross crater, Terra Sirenum, Mars: Evidence for acidic, sulfurous waters","docAbstract":"Cross crater is a 65 km impact crater, located in the Noachian highlands of the Terra Sirenum region of Mars (30°S, 158°W), which hosts aluminum phyllosilicate deposits first detected by the Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, L’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activitié (OMEGA) imaging spectrometer on Mars Express. Using high-resolution data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, we examine Cross crater’s basin-filling sedimentary deposits. Visible/shortwave infrared (VSWIR) spectra from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) show absorptions diagnostic of alunite. Combining spectral data with high-resolution images, we map a large (10 km × 5 km) alunite-bearing deposit in southwest Cross crater, widespread kaolin-bearing sediments with variable amounts of alunite that are layered in <10 m scale beds, and silica- and/or montmorillonite-bearing deposits that occupy topographically lower, heavily fractured units. The secondary minerals are found at elevations ranging from 700 to 1550 m, forming a discontinuous ring along the crater wall beneath darker capping materials. The mineralogy inside Cross crater is different from that of the surrounding terrains and other martian basins, where Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates and Ca/Mg-sulfates are commonly found. Alunite in Cross crater indicates acidic, sulfurous waters at the time of its formation. Waters in Cross crater were likely supplied by regionally upwelling groundwaters as well as through an inlet valley from a small adjacent depression to the east, perhaps occasionally forming a lake or series of shallow playa lakes in the closed basin. Like nearby Columbus crater, Cross crater exhibits evidence for acid sulfate alteration, but the alteration in Cross is more extensive/complete. The large but localized occurrence of alunite suggests a localized, high-volume source of acidic waters or vapors, possibly supplied by sulfurous (H2S- and/or SO2-bearing) waters in contact with a magmatic source, upwelling steam or fluids through fracture zones. The unique, highly aluminous nature of the Cross crater deposits relative to other martian acid sulfate deposits indicates acid waters, high water throughput during alteration, atypically glassy and/or felsic materials, or a combination of these conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-2016-5574","usgsCitation":"Ehlmann, B.L., Swayze, G.A., Milliken, R.E., Mustard, J.F., Clark, R.N., Murchie, S.L., Breit, G., Wray, J.J., Gondet, B., Poulet, F., Carter, J., Calvin, W.M., Benzel, W., and Seelos, K.D., 2016, Discovery of alunite in Cross crater, Terra Sirenum, Mars: Evidence for acidic, sulfurous waters: American Mineralogist, v. 101, no. 7, p. 1527-1542, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5574.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1527","endPage":"1542","ipdsId":"IP-069689","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5574","text":"Publisher Index 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wbenzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-1876","contributorId":3594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benzel","given":"William","email":"wbenzel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Seelos, Kimberly D.","contributorId":189160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seelos","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70184978,"text":"70184978 - 2016 - Contemporary deformation in the Yakima fold and thrust belt estimated with GPS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T16:01:22","indexId":"70184978","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporary deformation in the Yakima fold and thrust belt estimated with GPS","docAbstract":"Geodetic, geologic and palaeomagnetic data reveal that Oregon (western USA) rotates clockwise at 0.3 to 1.0° Ma−1 (relative to North America) about an axis near the Idaho–Oregon–Washington border, while northeast Washington is relatively fixed. This rotation has been going on for at least 15 Ma. The Yakima fold and thrust belt (YFTB) forms the boundary between northern Oregon and central Washington where convergence of the clockwise-rotating Oregon block is apparently accommodated. North–south shortening across the YFTB has been thought to occur in a fan-like manner, increasing in rate to the west. We obtained high-accuracy, high-density geodetic GPS measurements in 2012–2014 that are used with earlier GPS measurements from the 1990s to characterize YFTB kinematics. The new results show that the deformation associated with the YFTB starts at the Blue Mountains Anticline in northern Oregon and extends north beyond the Frenchman Hills in Washington, past the epicentre of the 1872 Mw 7.0 Entiat earthquake to 49°N. The north–south strain rate across the region is 2 to 3 × 10−9 yr−1 between the volcanic arc and the eastern edge of the YFTB (241.0°E); east of there it drops to about 10−9 yr−1. At the eastern boundary of the YFTB, faults and earthquake activity are truncated by a north-trending, narrow zone of deformation that runs along the Pasco Basin and Moses Lake regions near 240.9°E. This zone, abutting the Department of Energy Hanford Nuclear Reservation, accommodates about 0.5 mm yr−1 of east to northeast shortening. A similar zone of N-trending transpression is seen along 239.9°E where there is a change in the strike of the Yakima folds. The modern deformation of the YFTB is about 600 km wide from south to north and internally may be controlled by pre-existing crustal structure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggw252","usgsCitation":"McCaffrey, R., King, R.W., Wells, R.E., Lancaster, M., and Miller, M.M., 2016, Contemporary deformation in the Yakima fold and thrust belt estimated with GPS: Geophysical Journal International, v. 207, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw252.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-073652","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw252","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"207","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90127e4b0849ce97abced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCaffrey, Robert","contributorId":189078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Robert W.","contributorId":189079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":149772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lancaster, Matthew","contributorId":189080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lancaster","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, M. Meghan","contributorId":189081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Meghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185035,"text":"70185035 - 2016 - Potential evapotranspiration and continental drying","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T12:03:53","indexId":"70185035","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential evapotranspiration and continental drying","docAbstract":"By various measures (drought area and intensity, climatic aridity index, and climatic water deficits), some observational analyses have suggested that much of the Earth’s land has been drying during recent decades, but such drying seems inconsistent with observations of dryland greening and decreasing pan evaporation. ‘Offline’ analyses of climate-model outputs from anthropogenic climate change (ACC) experiments portend continuation of putative drying through the twenty-first century, despite an expected increase in global land precipitation. A ubiquitous increase in estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET), driven by atmospheric warming, underlies the drying trends, but may be a methodological artefact. Here we show that the PET estimator commonly used (the Penman–Monteith PET for either an open-water surface or a reference crop) severely overpredicts the changes in non-water-stressed evapotranspiration computed in the climate models themselves in ACC experiments. This overprediction is partially due to neglect of stomatal conductance reductions commonly induced by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in climate models. Our findings imply that historical and future tendencies towards continental drying, as characterized by offline-computed runoff, as well as other PET-dependent metrics, may be considerably weaker and less extensive than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nclimate3046","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., and Dunne, K.A., 2016, Potential evapotranspiration and continental drying: Nature Climate Change, v. 6, p. 946-949, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3046.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"946","endPage":"949","ipdsId":"IP-072538","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90127e4b0849ce97abce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Krista A. kadunne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Krista","email":"kadunne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}