{"pageNumber":"1108","pageRowStart":"27675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40850,"records":[{"id":70025833,"text":"70025833 - 2003 - Fitting population models from field data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T16:51:22","indexId":"70025833","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fitting population models from field data","docAbstract":"<p>The application of population and community ecology to solving real-world problems requires population and community dynamics models that reflect the myriad patterns of interaction among organisms and between the biotic and physical environments. Appropriate models are not hard to construct, but the experimental manipulations needed to evaluate their defining coefficients are often both time consuming and costly, and sometimes environmentally destructive, as well. In this paper we present an empirical approach for finding the coefficients of broadly inclusive models without the need for environmental manipulation, demonstrate the approach with both an animal and a plant example, and suggest possible applications. Software has been developed, and is available from the senior author, with a manual describing both field and analytic procedures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00390-3","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J., Freeman, D., Kirchhoff, M., Alados, C., Escos, J., and Duda, J., 2003, Fitting population models from field data: Ecological Modelling, v. 162, no. 1-2, p. 119-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00390-3.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00390-3"}],"volume":"162","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10c7e4b0c8380cd53ddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirchhoff, M.D.","contributorId":73792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirchhoff","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alados, C.L.","contributorId":22925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alados","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Escos, J.","contributorId":44311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escos","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026050,"text":"70026050 - 2003 - Modern, Sangamon and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026050","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern, Sangamon and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois","docAbstract":"The Thebes Section in unglaciated southwestern Illinois contains a well preserved ??? 500 kyr loess-paleosol sequence with four loesses and three interglacial soils. Various magnetic, mineralogical, and elemental properties were analyzed and compared over the thickness of soil sola. These proxies for soil] development intensity have the following trend: Yarmouth Geosol > Sangamon Geosol > modern soil. Quartz/plagioclase, Zr/Sr, and TiO2/Na2O ratios were most sensitive to weathering. Frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization, greatest in A horizons, also correspond well with soil development intensity. Neoformed mixed-layered kaolinite/expandables, suggestive of a warm/humid climate, were detected in the Sangamon and Yarmouth soil sola. Clay illuviation in soils was among the least sensitive indicators of soil development. Differences in properties among interglacial soils are interpreted to primarily reflect soil development duration, with climatic effects being secondary. Assuming logarithmic decreases in weathering rates, the observed weathering in the Sangamon Geosol is consistent with 50 kyr of interglacial weathering (Oxygen Isotope Stage 5) compared to 10 kyr for the modern soil (Oxygen Isotope Stage 1). We propose that the Yarmouth Geosol in the central Midwest formed over 180 kyr of interglacial weathering (including oxygen isotope stages 7, 9, and 11). ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00039-2","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Grimley, D., Follmer, L., Hughes, R., and Solheid, P., 2003, Modern, Sangamon and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, no. 2-4, p. 225-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00039-2.","startPage":"225","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00039-2"},{"id":234844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca5e4b0c8380cd6fe4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimley, D.A.","contributorId":18530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimley","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Follmer, L.R.","contributorId":19294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follmer","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, R.E.","contributorId":84497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solheid, P.A.","contributorId":88131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solheid","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025834,"text":"70025834 - 2003 - A thick lens of fresh groundwater in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T09:55:51","indexId":"70025834","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A thick lens of fresh groundwater in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii, USA","docAbstract":"<p>A thick lens of fresh groundwater exists in a large region of low permeability in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The conventional conceptual model for groundwater occurrence in Hawaii and other shield-volcano islands does not account for such a thick freshwater lens. In the conventional conceptual model, the lava-flow accumulations of which most shield volcanoes are built form large regions of relatively high permeability and thin freshwater lenses. In the southern Lihue Basin, basin-filling lavas and sediments form a large region of low regional hydraulic conductivity, which, in the moist climate of the basin, is saturated nearly to the land surface and water tables are hundreds of meters above sea level within a few kilometers from the coast. Such high water levels in shield-volcano islands were previously thought to exist only under perched or dike-impounded conditions, but in the southern Lihue Basin, high water levels exist in an apparently dike-free, fully saturated aquifer. A new conceptual model of groundwater occurrence in shield-volcano islands is needed to explain conditions in the southern Lihue Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-002-0233-5","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., and Gingerich, S.B., 2003, A thick lens of fresh groundwater in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 11, no. 2, p. 240-248, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0233-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5fce4b0c8380cd470a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, S. K.","contributorId":39818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gingerich, S. B.","contributorId":83958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025835,"text":"70025835 - 2003 - Detailed fault structure of the 2000 Western Tottori, Japan, earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:19:19.958719","indexId":"70025835","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detailed fault structure of the 2000 Western Tottori, Japan, earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"We investigate the faulting process of the aftershock region of the 2000 western Tottori earthquake (Mw 6.6) by combining aftershock hypocenters and moment tensor solutions. Aftershock locations were precisely determined by the double difference method using P- and S-phase arrival data of the Japan Meteorological Agency unified catalog. By combining the relocated hypocenters and moment tensor solutions of aftershocks by broadband waveform inversion of FREESIA (F-net), we successfully resolved very detailed fault structures activated by the mainshock. The estimated fault model resolves 15 individual fault segments that are consistent with both aftershock distribution and focal mechanism solutions. Rupture in the mainshock was principally confined to the three fault elements in the southern half of the zone, which is also where the earliest aftershocks concentrate. With time, the northern part of the zone becomes activated, which is also reflected in the postseismic deformation field. From the stress tensor analysis of aftershock focal mechanisms, we found a rather uniform stress field in the aftershock region, although fault strikes were scattered. The maximum stress direction is N107??E, which is consistent with the tectonic stress field in this region. In the northern part of the fault, where no slip occurred during the mainshock but postseismic slip was observed, the maximum stress direction of N130??E was possible as an alternative solution of stress tensor inversion.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020123","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Fukuyama, E., Ellsworth, W., Waldhauser, F., and Kubo, A., 2003, Detailed fault structure of the 2000 Western Tottori, Japan, earthquake sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 4, p. 1468-1478, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020123.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1468","endPage":"1478","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":421942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","city":"Tottori","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              133.80547753004936,\n              35.66580215480178\n            ],\n            [\n              133.80547753004936,\n              35.1599138957484\n            ],\n            [\n              134.59649315505095,\n              35.1599138957484\n            ],\n            [\n              134.59649315505095,\n              35.66580215480178\n            ],\n            [\n              133.80547753004936,\n              35.66580215480178\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff50e4b0c8380cd4f111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fukuyama, E.","contributorId":22917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fukuyama","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldhauser, F.","contributorId":31897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kubo, A.","contributorId":84131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025844,"text":"70025844 - 2003 - Use of radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) to map winter wetland habitat for shorebirds in an agricultural landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025844","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) to map winter wetland habitat for shorebirds in an agricultural landscape","docAbstract":"Many of today's agricultural landscapes once held vast amounts of wetland habitat for waterbirds and other wildlife. Successful restoration of these landscapes relies on access to accurate maps of the wetlands that remain. We used C-band (5.6-cm-wavelength), HH-polarized radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) at a 38?? incidence angle (8-m resolution) to map the distribution of winter shorebird (Charadriiformes) habitat on agricultural lands in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We acquired imagery on three dates (10 December 1999, 27 January 2000, and 15 March 2000) and simultaneously collected ground reference data to classify radar signatures and evaluate map accuracy of four habitat classes: (1) wet with ??? 50% vegetation (considered optimal shorebird habitat), (2) wet with > 50% vegetation, (3) dry with ??? 50% vegetation, and (4) dry with > 50% vegetation. Overall accuracy varied from 45 to 60% among the three images, but the accuracy of focal class 1 was greater, ranging from 72 to 80%. Class 4 coverage was stable and dominated maps (40% of mapped study area) for all three dates, while class 3 coverage decreased slightly throughout the study period. Among wet classes, class 1 was most abundant (30% coverage) in December and January, decreasing in March by 15%. Conversely, class 2 increased dramatically from January to March, likely due to transition from class 1 as vegetation grew. This approach was successful in detecting optimal habitat for shorebirds on agricultural lands. For modest classification schemes, radar remote sensing is a valuable option for wetland mapping in areas where cloud cover is persistent. ?? 2003 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-002-2920-3","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Taft, O., Haig, S.M., and Kiilsgaard, C., 2003, Use of radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) to map winter wetland habitat for shorebirds in an agricultural landscape: Environmental Management, v. 32, no. 2, p. 268-281, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2920-3.","startPage":"268","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208892,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2920-3"},{"id":234975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf60e4b08c986b329b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taft, O.W.","contributorId":45435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taft","given":"O.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, S. M. 0000-0002-6616-7589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":55389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiilsgaard, Chris","contributorId":60424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiilsgaard","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026040,"text":"70026040 - 2003 - Oxygen-18 concentrations in recent precipitation and ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-18T23:54:43.079668","indexId":"70026040","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen-18 concentrations in recent precipitation and ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>A detailed study of the climatic significance of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O in precipitation was completed on a 1500 km southwest-northeast transect of the Tibetan Plateau in central Asia. Precipitation samples were collected at four meteorological stations for up to 9 years. This study shows that the gradual impact of monsoon precipitation affects the spatial variation of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-T relationship along the transect. Strong monsoon activity in the southern Tibetan Plateau results in high precipitation rates and more depleted heavy isotopes. This depletion mechanism is described as a precipitation “amount effect” and results in a poor δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-T relationship at both seasonal and annual scales. In the middle of the Tibetan Plateau, the effects of the monsoon are diminished but continue to cause a reduced correlation of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O and temperature at the annual scale. At the monthly scale, however, a significant δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-T relationship does exist. To the north of the Tibetan Plateau beyond the extent of the effects of monsoon precipitation, δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O in precipitation shows a strong temperature dependence. δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O records from two shallow ice cores and historic air temperature data were compared to verify the modern δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-T relationship. δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O in Dunde ice core was positively correlated with air temperature from a nearby meteorological station in the north of the plateau. The δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O variation in an ice core from the southern Plateau, however, was inversely correlated with precipitation amount at a nearby meteorological station and also the accumulation record in the ice core. The long-term variation of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O in the ice core record in the monsoon regions of the southern Tibetan Plateau suggest past monsoon seasons were probably more expansive. It is still unclear, however, how changes in large-scale atmosphere circulation might influence summer monsoon precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002jd002173","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tian, L., Yao, T., Schuster, P., White, J., Ichiyanagi, K., Pendall, E., Pu, J., and Yu, W., 2003, Oxygen-18 concentrations in recent precipitation and ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 9, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002173.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002173","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Tibetan Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              80.1123046875,\n              28.806173508854776\n            ],\n            [\n              85.7373046875,\n              26.27371402440643\n            ],\n            [\n              91.8896484375,\n              24.126701958681668\n            ],\n            [\n              96.5478515625,\n              26.15543796871355\n            ],\n            [\n              99.6240234375,\n              30.939924331023445\n            ],\n            [\n              99.7998046875,\n              32.879587173066305\n            ],\n            [\n              96.064453125,\n              32.36140331527543\n            ],\n            [\n              87.802734375,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              82.4853515625,\n              31.39115752282472\n            ],\n            [\n              79.8486328125,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              80.1123046875,\n              28.806173508854776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72bde4b0c8380cd76c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tian, L.","contributorId":86541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yao, T.","contributorId":67267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, J.W.C.","contributorId":43124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ichiyanagi, K.","contributorId":39562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ichiyanagi","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pendall, Elise","contributorId":6637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendall","given":"Elise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pu, J.","contributorId":52374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yu, W.","contributorId":61613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025850,"text":"70025850 - 2003 - Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:21:33","indexId":"70025850","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Norman, Oklahoma, municipal landfill closed in 1985 after 63 years of operation, because it was identified as a point source of hazardous leachate composed of organic and inorganic compounds. The landfill is located on the floodplain of the Canadian River, a sand-bed river characterized by erodible channel boundaries and by large variation in mean monthly discharges. In 1986, floodwaters eroded riprap protection at the southern end of the landfill and penetrated the landfill's clay cap, thereby exposing the landfill contents. The impact of this moderate-magnitude flood event (Q</span><sub>12</sub><span>) was the catalyst to investigate erosion hazards at the Norman landfill. This geomorphic investigation analyzed floodplain geomorphology and historical channel changes, flood-frequency distributions, an erosion threshold, the geomorphic effectiveness of discharge events, and other factors that influence erosion hazards at the landfill site. The erosion hazard at the Norman landfill is a function of the location of the landfill with respect to the channel thalweg, erosional resistance of the channel margins, magnitude and duration of discrete discharge events, channel form and hydraulic geometry, and cumulative effects related to a series of discharge events. Based on current climatic conditions and historical channel changes, a minimum erosion threshold is set at bankfull discharge (Q = 572 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s). The annual probability of exceeding this threshold is 0.53. In addition, this analysis indicates that peak stream power is less informative than total energy expenditures when estimating the erosion potential or geomorphic effectiveness of discrete discharge events. On the Canadian River, long-duration, moderate-magnitude floods can have larger total energy expenditures than shorter-duration, high-magnitude floods and therefore represent the most serious erosion hazard to floodplain structures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.2113/9.3.241","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J.A., and Whitney, J.W., 2003, Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 9, no. 3, p. 241-252, https://doi.org/10.2113/9.3.241.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"252","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208632,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/9.3.241"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a277de4b0c8380cd5992f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-7766-994X jacurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jacurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, John W. 0000-0003-3824-3692 jwhitney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3692","contributorId":804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"John","email":"jwhitney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016228,"text":"1016228 - 2003 - Effects of fire on fish populations: Landscape perspectives on persistance of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:54:46","indexId":"1016228","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fire on fish populations: Landscape perspectives on persistance of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our limited understanding of the short and long-term effects of fire on fish contributes to considerable uncertainty in assessments of the risks and benefits of fire management alternatives. A primary concern among the many potential effects of fire is the effects of fire and fire management on persistence of native fish populations. Limited evidence suggests vulnerability of fish to fire is contingent upon the quality of affected habitats, the amount and distribution of habitat (habitat fragmentation), and habitat specificity of the species in question. Species with narrow habitat requirements in highly degraded and fragmented systems are likely to be most vulnerable to fire and fire-related disturbance. In addition to effects of fire on native fish, there are growing concerns about the effects of fire on nonnative fish invasions. The role of fire in facilitating invasions by nonnative fishes is unknown, but experience with other species suggests some forms of disturbance associated with fire may facilitate invasion. Management efforts to promote persistence of fishes in fire-prone landscapes can take the form of four basic alternatives: (1) pre-fire management; (2) post-fire management; (3) managing fire itself (e.g. fire fighting); and (4) monitoring and adaptive management. Among these alternatives, pre-fire management is likely to be most effective. Effective pre-fire management activities will address factors that may render fish populations more vulnerable to the effects of fire (e.g. habitat degradation, fragmentation, and nonnative species). Post-fire management is also potentially important, but suffers from being a reactive approach that may not address threats in time to avert them. Managing fire itself can be important in some contexts, but negative consequences for fish populations are possible (e.g. toxicity of fire fighting chemicals to fish). Monitoring and adaptive management can provide important new information for evaluating alternatives, but proper implementation is often hampered by inadequate study designs and inconsistent financial and institutional support. The challenge for providing better management guidelines will be to add solid empirical data and models to assess the relevance of emerging concepts and theories, and provide a sense of where and when fires pose significant risks and/or benefits to fishes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00061-6","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Young, M., Gresswell, R., and Rieman, B., 2003, Effects of fire on fish populations: Landscape perspectives on persistance of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 178, no. 1-2, p. 183-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00061-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"196","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"178","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db614027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, M.","contributorId":57428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E.","contributorId":13194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rieman, B.","contributorId":11178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016236,"text":"1016236 - 2003 - The effect of stochiastic technique on estimates of population viability from transition matrix models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T16:15:19.664083","indexId":"1016236","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of stochiastic technique on estimates of population viability from transition matrix models","docAbstract":"<p>Population viability analysis is an important tool for conservation biologists, and matrix models that incorporate stochasticity are commonly used for this purpose. However, stochastic simulations may require assumptions about the distribution of matrix parameters, and modelers often select a statistical distribution that seems reasonable without sufficient data to test its fit. We used data from long-term (5–10 year) studies with 27 populations of five perennial plant species to compare seven methods of incorporating environmental stochasticity. We estimated stochastic population growth rate (a measure of viability) using a matrix-selection method, in which whole observed matrices were selected at random at each time step of the model. In addition, we drew matrix elements (transition probabilities) at random using various statistical distributions: beta, truncated-gamma, truncated-normal, triangular, uniform, or discontinuous/observed. Recruitment rates were held constant at their observed mean values. Two methods of constraining stage-specific survival to ≤100% were also compared. Different methods of incorporating stochasticity and constraining matrix column sums interacted in their effects and resulted in different estimates of stochastic growth rate (differing by up to 16%). Modelers should be aware that when constraining stage-specific survival to 100%, different methods may introduce different levels of bias in transition element means, and when this happens, different distributions for generating random transition elements may result in different viability estimates. There was no species effect on the results and the growth rates derived from all methods were highly correlated with one another. We conclude that the absolute value of population viability estimates is sensitive to model assumptions, but the relative ranking of populations (and management treatments) is robust. Furthermore, these results are applicable to a range of perennial plants and possibly other life histories.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1464:TEOSTO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kaye, T., and Pyke, D.A., 2003, The effect of stochiastic technique on estimates of population viability from transition matrix models: Ecology, v. 84, no. 6, p. 1464-1476, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1464:TEOSTO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1464","endPage":"1476","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaye, T.N.","contributorId":22738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016264,"text":"1016264 - 2003 - Capture of breeding and wintering shorebirds with leg-hold noose-mats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:36","indexId":"1016264","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture of breeding and wintering shorebirds with leg-hold noose-mats","docAbstract":"Development of effective trapping techniques is important for conservation efforts, as marking and subsequent monitoring of individuals is necessary to obtain accurate estimates of demography, movements, and habitat use. We describe a leg-hold noose-mat trap for capturing breeding and nonbreeding shorebirds. Using this method, we trapped 50 Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus), 2258 Snowy Plovers (C. alexandrinus), 38 Killdeers (C. vociferus), and 64 Dunlins (Calidris alpina) in the western and southern United States. The trap was lightweight, making it easy to transport and set up. It was effective on unvegetated substrates at both coastal and inland sites and could be modified for a variety of habitats. Furthermore, this trap allowed researchers to target specific groups of birds including territorial individuals. Easy removal of birds from traps minimized handling time, stress, and injury","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mehl, K., Drake, K., Page, G.W., Sanzenbacher, P.M., Haig, S.M., and Thompson, J., 2003, Capture of breeding and wintering shorebirds with leg-hold noose-mats: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 74, no. 4, p. 401-405.","productDescription":"p. 401-405","startPage":"401","endPage":"405","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, K.R.","contributorId":61786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, K.L.","contributorId":10005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, G. W.","contributorId":45246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Page","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanzenbacher, Peter M.","contributorId":90260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanzenbacher","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13016,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":323837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, J.E.","contributorId":73160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":2002311,"text":"2002311 - 2003 - Fire and exotics in the Mojave Desert: An irreversible change? A state-transition model for blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"2002311","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fire and exotics in the Mojave Desert: An irreversible change? A state-transition model for blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) habitat","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SIR 2004-2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Haines, D., Esque, T., DeFalco, L., Scoles, S., Brooks, M., and Webb, R.H., 2003, Fire and exotics in the Mojave Desert: An irreversible change? A state-transition model for blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) habitat, chap. <i>of</i> SIR 2004-2005, p. 0-31.","productDescription":"p. 31","startPage":"0","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f456b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, D.F.","contributorId":80602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeFalco, L.A.","contributorId":46032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scoles, S.J.","contributorId":69497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoles","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025813,"text":"70025813 - 2003 - Size and performance of anoxic limestone drains to neutralize acidic mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T14:11:09.360327","indexId":"70025813","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size and performance of anoxic limestone drains to neutralize acidic mine drainage","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Acidic mine drainage (AMD) can be neutralized effectively in underground, anoxic limestone drains (ALDs). Owing to reaction between the AMD and limestone (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), the pH and concentrations of alkalinity and calcium increase asymptotically with detention time in the ALD, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, and manganese typically are unaffected. This paper introduces a method to predict the alkalinity produced within an ALD and to estimate the mass of limestone required for its construction on the basis of data from short-term, closed-container (cubitainer) tests. The cubitainer tests, which used an initial mass of 4 kg crushed limestone completely inundated with 2.8 L AMD, were conducted for 11 to 16 d and provided estimates for the initial and maximum alkalinities and corresponding rates of alkalinity production and limestone dissolution. Long-term (5–11 yr) data for alkalinity and CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>flux at the Howe Bridge, Morrison, and Buck Mountain ALDs in Pennsylvania, USA, indicate that rates of alkalinity production and limestone dissolution under field conditions were comparable with those in cubitainers filled with limestone and AMD from each site. The alkalinity of effluent and intermediate samples along the flow path through the ALDs and long-term trends in the residual mass of limestone and the effluent alkalinity were estimated as a function of the computed detention time within the ALD and second-order dissolution rate models for cubitainer tests. Thus, cubitainer tests can be a useful tool for designing ALDs and predicting their performance.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2003.1277","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2003, Size and performance of anoxic limestone drains to neutralize acidic mine drainage: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 32, no. 4, p. 1277-1289, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.1277.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1277","endPage":"1289","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.1277","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Clarion County, Jefferson County, Schuylkill County","otherGeospatial":"Buck Mountain, Howe Bridge, Morrison Anoxic Limestone Drain","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-79.2148,41.0526],[-79.2203,41.0503],[-79.2245,41.0489],[-79.2311,41.047],[-79.2335,41.0447],[-79.2365,41.041],[-79.2383,41.0391],[-79.2425,41.0373],[-79.2479,41.0349],[-79.2552,41.0326],[-79.2594,41.0307],[-79.2618,41.0284],[-79.2647,41.0252],[-79.2713,41.0196],[-79.2803,41.0141],[-79.2827,41.0127],[-79.2881,41.0121],[-79.2936,41.0125],[-79.2998,41.0142],[-79.3016,41.0133],[-79.3034,41.0115],[-79.3081,41.0082],[-79.3147,41.004],[-79.3208,41.0021],[-79.3274,41.0011],[-79.3317,41.0015],[-79.3342,41.0038],[-79.3373,41.0042],[-79.3397,41.0032],[-79.3427,41.0009],[-79.3451,40.9995],[-79.3481,40.9999],[-79.3524,41.0012],[-79.3549,41.0026],[-79.3574,41.0043],[-79.3604,41.0047],[-79.3628,41.0038],[-79.364,41.002],[-79.3646,41.0006],[-79.3663,40.9965],[-79.3692,40.9906],[-79.3691,40.9865],[-79.3684,40.9842],[-79.3682,40.9765],[-79.3699,40.9733],[-79.3723,40.9705],[-79.3741,40.9696],[-79.3777,40.9686],[-79.3802,40.9695],[-79.3802,40.9713],[-79.3803,40.975],[-79.3798,40.9777],[-79.3792,40.9795],[-79.3775,40.9813],[-79.3769,40.9832],[-79.3776,40.985],[-79.3788,40.9854],[-79.3818,40.9858],[-79.3837,40.9858],[-79.3849,40.9867],[-79.3843,40.9881],[-79.3837,40.9885],[-79.3826,40.9894],[-79.3789,40.99],[-79.3771,40.9913],[-79.3765,40.9927],[-79.3784,40.994],[-79.3827,40.9949],[-79.3906,40.9943],[-79.3948,40.9929],[-79.3978,40.9915],[-79.4003,40.9915],[-79.4015,40.9919],[-79.4015,40.9928],[-79.4016,40.9951],[-79.4023,40.9978],[-79.4035,40.9996],[-79.4054,41.0005],[-79.4072,41],[-79.4084,40.9991],[-79.4102,40.999],[-79.4114,40.9995],[-79.4109,41.0008],[-79.4091,41.0031],[-79.4079,41.004],[-79.4067,41.0063],[-79.408,41.0081],[-79.4099,41.009],[-79.4123,41.0099],[-79.4141,41.0094],[-79.4165,41.008],[-79.4189,41.0052],[-79.4269,40.9879],[-79.4305,40.9855],[-79.436,40.9859],[-79.4415,40.9868],[-79.4446,40.9863],[-79.4464,40.9849],[-79.4475,40.983],[-79.4511,40.9816],[-79.4572,40.9815],[-79.4597,40.9819],[-79.4603,40.9833],[-79.4597,40.9846],[-79.4579,40.9856],[-79.4555,40.987],[-79.455,40.9893],[-79.4575,40.9906],[-79.4623,40.9896],[-79.4654,40.9918],[-79.4795,40.9948],[-79.4862,40.996],[-79.488,40.9951],[-79.4898,40.9933],[-79.4922,40.9905],[-79.4933,40.9869],[-79.4925,40.9819],[-79.4924,40.9791],[-79.4955,40.9782],[-79.5003,40.9763],[-79.5027,40.9767],[-79.5046,40.9799],[-79.5066,40.9839],[-79.5091,40.9857],[-79.5121,40.9866],[-79.5152,40.9861],[-79.517,40.9847],[-79.5169,40.9828],[-79.5162,40.9801],[-79.5161,40.977],[-79.5185,40.9756],[-79.5228,40.9764],[-79.5284,40.9781],[-79.5339,40.9817],[-79.5389,40.9843],[-79.5419,40.9843],[-79.5492,40.9828],[-79.5522,40.9827],[-79.5559,40.985],[-79.5614,40.9862],[-79.5664,40.987],[-79.5712,40.987],[-79.5754,40.986],[-79.579,40.9841],[-79.5832,40.9804],[-79.5879,40.9749],[-79.5891,40.9726],[-79.5939,40.9707],[-79.5994,40.9715],[-79.6122,40.9745],[-79.6209,40.9775],[-79.6215,40.9798],[-79.6222,40.9816],[-79.621,40.9839],[-79.6193,40.9866],[-79.6169,40.9889],[-79.6127,40.9913],[-79.6091,40.9927],[-79.6037,40.9942],[-79.5988,40.9942],[-79.5939,40.993],[-79.5884,40.9917],[-79.5841,40.9918],[-79.5811,40.9927],[-79.5793,40.9941],[-79.5782,40.9955],[-79.5789,40.9991],[-79.5814,41.0022],[-79.5839,41.0045],[-79.587,41.0058],[-79.5913,41.0071],[-79.5974,41.0079],[-79.6023,41.0083],[-79.6053,41.0087],[-79.606,41.01],[-79.606,41.0109],[-79.6061,41.0127],[-79.6037,41.015],[-79.6014,41.0178],[-79.6008,41.0201],[-79.5997,41.0228],[-79.5974,41.0288],[-79.597,41.0337],[-79.597,41.0351],[-79.597,41.0365],[-79.5983,41.0383],[-79.6002,41.0396],[-79.6026,41.04],[-79.605,41.0395],[-79.6069,41.039],[-79.611,41.0367],[-79.6129,41.0367],[-79.6172,41.037],[-79.6398,41.0421],[-79.6503,41.0465],[-79.6571,41.0491],[-79.6621,41.0508],[-79.6645,41.0526],[-79.6652,41.0553],[-79.6647,41.0562],[-79.6635,41.0576],[-79.6629,41.059],[-79.6588,41.0631],[-79.6576,41.0636],[-79.6564,41.065],[-79.6552,41.0659],[-79.6552,41.0668],[-79.6546,41.0673],[-79.6541,41.0686],[-79.6541,41.0709],[-79.6554,41.0741],[-79.6735,41.0869],[-79.6754,41.0896],[-79.6768,41.0928],[-79.6775,41.0964],[-79.6776,41.1],[-79.6767,41.1096],[-79.6768,41.1127],[-79.6763,41.1177],[-79.6761,41.13],[-79.6761,41.1318],[-79.6768,41.135],[-79.6769,41.1368],[-79.6776,41.1386],[-79.6794,41.1404],[-79.6807,41.1417],[-79.6826,41.144],[-79.6833,41.1453],[-79.6833,41.1467],[-79.6833,41.148],[-79.6834,41.1494],[-79.6828,41.1508],[-79.6792,41.154],[-79.6775,41.1572],[-79.677,41.1604],[-79.6783,41.1622],[-79.6815,41.1667],[-79.6896,41.172],[-79.6945,41.1751],[-79.6995,41.1786],[-79.6996,41.1795],[-79.6985,41.1836],[-79.6979,41.1841],[-79.693,41.1837],[-79.6826,41.1825],[-79.6704,41.1846],[-79.6685,41.1814],[-79.6648,41.1815],[-79.6609,41.1915],[-79.6702,41.1954],[-79.6631,41.2033],[-79.6535,41.2107],[-79.6488,41.2162],[-79.6485,41.2253],[-79.6492,41.2503],[-79.6315,41.251],[-79.6307,41.2633],[-79.6276,41.2633],[-79.6279,41.2738],[-79.6218,41.2734],[-79.6225,41.2766],[-79.6048,41.2773],[-79.6043,41.2801],[-79.6043,41.3005],[-79.6043,41.3023],[-79.6049,41.3223],[-79.5982,41.3224],[-79.5413,41.3224],[-79.5417,41.336],[-79.4995,41.3358],[-79.4769,41.3361],[-79.4771,41.3865],[-79.4575,41.3863],[-79.4024,41.3863],[-79.4005,41.3863],[-79.4003,41.4017],[-79.4,41.4362],[-79.3577,41.436],[-79.3582,41.4323],[-79.3368,41.4322],[-79.327,41.4323],[-79.3001,41.4327],[-79.2921,41.4323],[-79.2094,41.4317],[-79.2096,41.4176],[-79.2095,41.4121],[-79.2091,41.3967],[-79.2092,41.3727],[-79.2093,41.3545],[-79.2095,41.3368],[-79.207,41.3327],[-79.2045,41.331],[-79.1995,41.3274],[-79.1945,41.3252],[-79.1927,41.3248],[-79.1897,41.3257],[-79.1873,41.3275],[-79.1861,41.3298],[-79.1856,41.3344],[-79.1863,41.3376],[-79.1857,41.3394],[-79.1833,41.3399],[-79.1796,41.3399],[-79.1771,41.3381],[-79.1777,41.3349],[-79.1776,41.3304],[-79.1781,41.3277],[-79.1768,41.3263],[-79.1726,41.3273],[-79.169,41.3296],[-79.1672,41.3324],[-79.1672,41.3342],[-79.1692,41.3387],[-79.1692,41.341],[-79.1693,41.3423],[-79.1681,41.3432],[-79.1662,41.3433],[-79.1638,41.3424],[-79.1625,41.3401],[-79.163,41.337],[-79.1629,41.3333],[-79.1623,41.3315],[-79.1604,41.3306],[-79.1567,41.3298],[-79.1531,41.3298],[-79.15,41.3317],[-79.1453,41.3363],[-79.1429,41.3386],[-79.1393,41.3409],[-79.1386,41.3413],[-79.1356,41.3414],[-79.1319,41.3387],[-79.1294,41.336],[-79.1231,41.3297],[-79.1194,41.3271],[-79.1169,41.3262],[-79.1126,41.3258],[-79.1083,41.3263],[-79.1059,41.3277],[-79.1041,41.33],[-79.1042,41.3318],[-79.1048,41.3336],[-79.1061,41.3363],[-79.1049,41.3386],[-79.1044,41.34],[-79.1038,41.3413],[-79.1026,41.3418],[-79.0989,41.3419],[-79.0977,41.3414],[-79.0952,41.341],[-79.0903,41.3424],[-79.0897,41.3429],[-79.0891,41.3433],[-79.0856,41.3479],[-79.0802,41.353],[-79.0772,41.3544],[-79.0759,41.3544],[-79.0741,41.3544],[-79.0716,41.3535],[-79.0697,41.3517],[-79.0673,41.3509],[-79.066,41.3504],[-79.0654,41.3504],[-79.063,41.3505],[-79.0612,41.3505],[-79.0593,41.351],[-79.0429,41.3557],[-79.0417,41.3562],[-79.0393,41.3571],[-79.0374,41.3576],[-79.0344,41.3581],[-79.0289,41.3577],[-79.027,41.3573],[-79.0258,41.3559],[-79.0214,41.3514],[-79.0165,41.351],[-79.0159,41.3524],[-79.0148,41.3556],[-79.0142,41.3574],[-79.013,41.3583],[-79.0118,41.3588],[-79.0093,41.3593],[-79.0008,41.3612],[-78.9996,41.3621],[-78.999,41.363],[-78.999,41.3639],[-78.9984,41.3648],[-78.9936,41.3681],[-78.993,41.3685],[-78.9924,41.3685],[-78.9912,41.3686],[-78.9869,41.3682],[-78.9832,41.3682],[-78.9796,41.3696],[-78.976,41.3737],[-78.9736,41.376],[-78.973,41.3765],[-78.9717,41.3765],[-78.9693,41.3756],[-78.9687,41.3752],[-78.9668,41.3725],[-78.9649,41.3698],[-78.9641,41.3639],[-78.9407,41.3528],[-78.895,41.3329],[-78.853,41.3143],[-78.8216,41.3005],[-78.7988,41.2903],[-78.7975,41.2899],[-78.7834,41.2837],[-78.7587,41.2726],[-78.7409,41.265],[-78.74,41.2537],[-78.74,41.2505],[-78.7384,41.2324],[-78.7104,41.2331],[-78.7098,41.2036],[-78.7636,41.204],[-78.7666,41.1994],[-78.7719,41.1898],[-78.7826,41.173],[-78.8015,41.1396],[-78.8068,41.1323],[-78.8066,41.1214],[-78.8069,41.1001],[-78.8067,41.057],[-78.8071,41.0139],[-78.8064,41.0098],[-78.8069,41.0016],[-78.8068,40.998],[-78.8057,40.9703],[-78.8045,40.9409],[-78.8051,40.9059],[-78.8422,40.906],[-78.8635,40.9067],[-78.8714,40.9066],[-78.8829,40.9069],[-78.9024,40.9072],[-78.948,40.9076],[-78.9535,40.9079],[-78.9985,40.9083],[-79.0934,40.909],[-79.1208,40.9096],[-79.2156,40.9101],[-79.2158,40.9405],[-79.2154,40.9514],[-79.2157,40.9614],[-79.2163,40.9882],[-79.2147,40.9959],[-79.213,41.0005],[-79.2135,41.0472],[-79.2141,41.049],[-79.2148,41.0526]]],[[[-75.9977,40.9133],[-75.9888,40.9055],[-75.984,40.9014],[-75.9787,40.8968],[-75.9632,40.8825],[-75.9214,40.8448],[-75.9149,40.8388],[-75.9083,40.8328],[-75.8856,40.8162],[-75.8724,40.8083],[-75.8593,40.8013],[-75.8413,40.7898],[-75.8096,40.7694],[-75.7995,40.7629],[-75.7881,40.756],[-75.7546,40.7351],[-75.7595,40.7333],[-75.7767,40.7236],[-75.8032,40.709],[-75.8509,40.691],[-75.89,40.6761],[-75.9078,40.6695],[-75.9395,40.6581],[-75.9475,40.655],[-75.9957,40.6375],[-76.0054,40.609],[-76.0188,40.5733],[-76.0279,40.5743],[-76.0357,40.5758],[-76.0393,40.5776],[-76.0417,40.5799],[-76.0435,40.5809],[-76.0478,40.5791],[-76.0496,40.5769],[-76.0527,40.5746],[-76.0575,40.5747],[-76.0599,40.5761],[-76.0623,40.5784],[-76.0647,40.5793],[-76.0696,40.578],[-76.0764,40.5704],[-76.0825,40.5677],[-76.0929,40.5646],[-76.1019,40.5643],[-76.1135,40.5617],[-76.122,40.5586],[-76.1305,40.556],[-76.1494,40.5503],[-76.158,40.5454],[-76.1678,40.5396],[-76.1739,40.5369],[-76.1817,40.5357],[-76.1902,40.5357],[-76.2163,40.5288],[-76.2316,40.5244],[-76.2395,40.5213],[-76.2601,40.5174],[-76.2915,40.5168],[-76.3091,40.5161],[-76.3176,40.5161],[-76.34,40.5154],[-76.3988,40.5028],[-76.4231,40.4967],[-76.4412,40.4973],[-76.4538,40.5042],[-76.5257,40.5487],[-76.5353,40.5552],[-76.6278,40.6125],[-76.6392,40.6194],[-76.6729,40.64],[-76.6897,40.651],[-76.6988,40.6565],[-76.7012,40.6584],[-76.7012,40.6593],[-76.7011,40.6615],[-76.7005,40.6629],[-76.6999,40.6633],[-76.6993,40.6633],[-76.6981,40.6633],[-76.6975,40.6633],[-76.6957,40.6633],[-76.6951,40.6633],[-76.6945,40.6629],[-76.6926,40.6637],[-76.6823,40.6673],[-76.6604,40.6744],[-76.6494,40.678],[-76.6293,40.686],[-76.5995,40.6972],[-76.5977,40.6976],[-76.5904,40.6998],[-76.5727,40.7051],[-76.5368,40.7185],[-76.5221,40.7238],[-76.4715,40.7425],[-76.4697,40.7433],[-76.4446,40.7549],[-76.4075,40.766],[-76.402,40.7677],[-76.38,40.7757],[-76.311,40.8014],[-76.308,40.8023],[-76.3035,40.814],[-76.3002,40.8258],[-76.2989,40.8312],[-76.2918,40.8597],[-76.2859,40.8828],[-76.2581,40.9089],[-76.2495,40.916],[-76.2488,40.9169],[-76.2093,40.9506],[-76.199,40.9473],[-76.1239,40.9279],[-76.1052,40.9231],[-76.0967,40.9208],[-76.087,40.9184],[-76.029,40.9023],[-76.0284,40.9019],[-76.0229,40.9041],[-76.0204,40.9049],[-75.9996,40.9124],[-75.9977,40.9133]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clarion\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9114e4b08c986b319758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1016275,"text":"1016275 - 2003 - Patterns of apparent extirpation among isolated populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T18:38:04","indexId":"1016275","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Patterns of apparent extirpation among isolated populations of pikas (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>) in the Great Basin","title":"Patterns of apparent extirpation among isolated populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Great Basin","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted exploratory analyses to examine the relative roles played by natural and anthropogenic influences on persistence of a montane mammal. We revisited historical locations of pikas (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>) within the hydrographic Great Basin during summers of 1994-1999. Seven of 25 populations (28%) reported earlier in the 20th century appeared to have experienced recent extirpations. We assessed causative agents of faunal change using several alternative, but not mutually exclusive, hypotheses. Higher probability of persistence was correlated with greater area of talus habitat at local and mountain-range scales, higher elevation, more easterly longitude, more southern latitude, lack of livestock grazing, greater distance to primary roads, and wilderness management. However, only area of habitat in the mountain range, maximum elevation of talus habitat, and distance to primary roads appeared in the most parsimonious model of persistence when we used Akaike's information criterion model-selection technique. These results suggest that relaxation of montane faunas may occur more rapidly than previously expected; that biogeographic models of species occurrence can be refined by including more proximate factors (e.g., grazing status, proximity to roads); and that habitat-based approaches to modelling vertebrate trends should be accompanied by field data because population loss can occur with no apparent change in habitat.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0037:POAEAI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., Brussard, P., and Berger, J., 2003, Patterns of apparent extirpation among isolated populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Great Basin: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 1, p. 37-54, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0037:POAEAI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brussard, P. F.","contributorId":63335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brussard","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berger, Joel","contributorId":103640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026255,"text":"70026255 - 2003 - Stepwise use of GFLOW and MODFLOW to determine relative importance of shallow and deep receptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026255","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stepwise use of GFLOW and MODFLOW to determine relative importance of shallow and deep receptors","docAbstract":"A stepwise modeling approach is implemented in which a regional one-layer analytic element model is used to simulate the flow system and to furnish boundary conditions for an extracted local three-dimensional model. In this case study the stepwise approach is used to evaluate the fate of recharge in the Menomonee Valley adjacent to Lake Michigan. Two major receptors exist for recharge that flows through contaminated valley fill: the surface water estuary and a tunnel system constructed ???75 to 110 m below land surface to store storm runoff. The primary objective of the modeling is to delineate the contributing areas of recharge to each receptor. Of interest is the ability of the one-layer regional model to furnish flux boundary conditions to the local three-dimensional model despite the presence of vertical flow conditions at the boundaries of the local model. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the local model was insensitive to the vertical distribution of the flux. Each step of the modeling approach demonstrates that both receptors play an important role in capturing valley recharge. The pattern of capture of the one-layer model differed in shape from that delineated by the multi-layer local model in the presence of a flow system with pronounced vertical anisotropy and with sinks drawing water from different elevations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02582.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Feinstein, D., Dunning, C., Hunt, R.J., and Krohelski, J., 2003, Stepwise use of GFLOW and MODFLOW to determine relative importance of shallow and deep receptors: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 2, p. 190-199, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02582.x.","startPage":"190","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02582.x"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9831e4b08c986b31beb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feinstein, D.","contributorId":32337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunning, C.","contributorId":85754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krohelski, J.","contributorId":24965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025383,"text":"70025383 - 2003 - Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T08:00:30","indexId":"70025383","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties","docAbstract":"<p><span>An understanding of unsaturated flow and potential recharge in interdrainage semiarid and arid regions is critical for quantification of water resources and contaminant transport. We evaluated system response to paleoclimatic forcing using water potential and Cl profiles and modeling of nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow and Cl transport at semiarid (High Plains, Texas) and arid (Chihuahuan Desert, Texas; Amargosa Desert, Nevada) sites. Infiltration in response to current climatic forcing is restricted to the shallow (∼0.3–3 m) subsurface. Subsurface Cl accumulations correspond to time periods of 9–90 kyr. Bulge-shaped Cl profiles generally represent accumulation during the Holocene (9–16 kyr). Lower Cl concentrations at depth reflect higher water fluxes (0.04–8.4 mm/yr) during the Pleistocene and earlier times. Low water potentials and upward gradients indicate current drying conditions. Nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow simulations indicate that upward flow for at least 1–2 kyr in the High Plains and for 12–16 kyr at the Chihuahuan and Amargosa desert sites is required to reproduce measured upward water potential gradients and that recharge is negligible (&lt;0.1 mm/yr) in these interdrainage areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001604","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Keese, K., Reedy, R., Simunek, J., and Andraski, B.J., 2003, Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 7, Article 1179; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001604.","productDescription":"Article 1179; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc17de4b08c986b32a5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keese, K.","contributorId":15813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keese","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reedy, R.C.","contributorId":80880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reedy","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simunek, Jirka","contributorId":9440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simunek","given":"Jirka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035502,"text":"70035502 - 2003 - Melt inclusions come of age: Volatiles, volcanoes, and sorby's legacy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035502","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1387,"text":"Developments in Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Melt inclusions come of age: Volatiles, volcanoes, and sorby's legacy","docAbstract":"Despite nearly forty years of modern research on silicate melt inclusions (MI), only within the past 10-15 years have volcanologists and petrologists come to regularly accept their utility for characterizing magmatic systems. Their relatively slow acceptance was likely due to a number of factors including: 1) Lack of reliable analytical techniques, 2) Concern that MI represent anomalous boundary-layer melts or are altered by leakage or post-entrapment crystallization, 3) Data sets indicative of heterogeneous melts and, 4) Homogenization temperatures greater than those calculated by other techniques. With improvements in analytical methods and careful studies of MI systematics, workers are increasingly convinced of the utility of these features to unravel the complexities of volcanic systems: melt inclusions have \"come of age.\" Recent studies provide compelling evidence for the compositions of dissolved and exsolved volatiles in magma reservoirs. Evidence for immiscibility of gases, hydrosaline brines and pegmatitic fluids demonstrate that magmatic phase relations are often more complicated than can be inferred by inspection of crystalline phases alone. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developments in Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1871-644X(03)80021-9","issn":"1871644X","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., 2003, Melt inclusions come of age: Volatiles, volcanoes, and sorby's legacy: Developments in Volcanology, v. 5, no. C, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1871-644X(03)80021-9.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1871-644X(03)80021-9"},{"id":244127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a538ee4b0c8380cd6cb79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025432,"text":"70025432 - 2003 - New way of processing near-surface magnetic data: The utility of the comprehensive model of the magnetic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T15:16:40.792211","indexId":"70025432","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3568,"text":"The Leading Edge","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New way of processing near-surface magnetic data: The utility of the comprehensive model of the magnetic field","docAbstract":"<p>An overview is given of examples showing the utility of the Comprehensive Model (CM) approach in the processing of near-surface magnetic anomalies. Effectiveness of CM depends on the spatial and temporal matching of the main and external field variations that it attempts to approximate. Hence, data distribution as well as continuity are particularly important.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1605082","usgsCitation":"Ravat, D., Hildenbrand, T., and Roest, W., 2003, New way of processing near-surface magnetic data: The utility of the comprehensive model of the magnetic field: The Leading Edge, v. 22, no. 8, p. 784-785, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1605082.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"784","endPage":"785","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6621e4b0c8380cd72d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ravat, D.","contributorId":102971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roest, W.","contributorId":17382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roest","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025238,"text":"70025238 - 2003 - GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:53:32","indexId":"70025238","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS)","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the World Climate Research Program's (WCRPs) Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-scale International Project (GCIP), a preliminary water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS) was developed for the period 1996-1999 fromthe \"best available\" observations and models. Besides this summary paper, a companion CD-ROM with more extensive discussion, figures, tables, and raw data is available to the interested researcher from the GEWEX project office, the GAPP project office, or the first author. An updated online version of the CD-ROM is also available at http://ecpc.ucsd.edu/gcip/webs.htm/. Observations cannot adequately characterize or \"close\" budgets since too many fundamental processes are missing. Models that properly represent the many complicated atmospheric and near-surface interactions are also required. This preliminary synthesis therefore included a representative global general circulation model, regional climate model, and a macroscale hydrologic model as well as a global reanalysis and a regional analysis. By the qualitative agreement among the models and available observations, it did appear that we now qualitatively understand water and energy budgets of the Mississippi River Basin. However, there is still much quantitative uncertainty. In that regard, there did appear to be a clear advantage to using a regional analysis over a global analysis or a regional simulation over a global simulation to describe the Mississippi River Basin water and energy budgets. There also appeared to be some advantage to using a macroscale hydrologic model for at least the surface water budgets. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002JD002583","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Roads, J., Lawford, R., Bainto, E., Berbery, E., Chen, S., Fekete, B., Gallo, K., Grundstein, A., Higgins, W., Kanamitsu, M., Krajewski, W., Lakshmi, V., Leathers, D., Lettenmaier, D., Luo, L., Maurer, E., Meyers, T., Miller, D., Mitchell, K., Mote, T., Pinker, R., Reichler, T., Robinson, D., Robock, A., Smith, J., Srinivasan, G., Verdin, K., Vinnikov, K., Vonder, H.T., Vorosmarty, C., Williams, S., and Yarosh, E., 2003, GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS): Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002583.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1445e4b0c8380cd54990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roads, J.","contributorId":48370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roads","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawford, R.","contributorId":106295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawford","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bainto, E.","contributorId":100593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bainto","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berbery, E.","contributorId":45096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berbery","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, S.","contributorId":7856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fekete, B.","contributorId":81297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fekete","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gallo, K. 0000-0001-9162-5011 kgallo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-5011","contributorId":44655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"K.","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grundstein, A.","contributorId":22551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundstein","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Higgins, W.","contributorId":99753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kanamitsu, M.","contributorId":9443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamitsu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Krajewski, W.","contributorId":78921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krajewski","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lakshmi, V.","contributorId":58071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lakshmi","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Leathers, D.","contributorId":89325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leathers","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.","contributorId":9831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Luo, L.","contributorId":51515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Maurer, E.","contributorId":54780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Meyers, T.","contributorId":81298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Miller, Dick","contributorId":46054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Dick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Mitchell, Ken","contributorId":8211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Mote, T.","contributorId":105895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mote","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Pinker, R.","contributorId":59981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinker","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Reichler, T.","contributorId":64005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichler","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Robinson, D.","contributorId":57640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Robock, A.","contributorId":20130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robock","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Smith, J.","contributorId":95013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Srinivasan, G.","contributorId":22950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Srinivasan","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Verdin, K.L. 0000-0002-6114-4660","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":33505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Vinnikov, K.","contributorId":29620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinnikov","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Vonder, Haar T.","contributorId":31560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vonder","given":"Haar","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Vorosmarty, C.","contributorId":79276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vorosmarty","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Williams, S.","contributorId":18514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Yarosh, E.","contributorId":83726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarosh","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32}]}}
,{"id":1000840,"text":"1000840 - 2003 - In situ determination of the annual thermal habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T13:51:20","indexId":"1000840","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ determination of the annual thermal habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Huron","docAbstract":"<p>Records of the temperatures occupied by 33 lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) at large in Lake Huron were obtained for up to 14 months per fish, at 75-minute intervals, from surgically implanted archival temperature tags. The dataset covered nearly three years, from October 1998 to June 2001, and included 160,000 observations. The objectives of the tagging were to obtain temperature data to refine bioenergetics models of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation on lake trout, and compare the temperatures occupied by strains of lake trout stocked in Lake Huron. The seasonal, thermal-use profiles of lake trout followed the general warming and cooling pattern of Lake Huron. During periods when the zone of surface water mixing extended below the depth range occupied by lake trout, variability among individual fish and strains was low and followed surface temperature. However, during the period of summer stratification, the average temperatures occupied varied substantially among individual fish and strains. Strains originating from the upper Great Lakes (Lake Superior and Lewis Lake, WY) occupied similar temperatures. Between June and mid August, upper Great Lakes lake trout typically occupied water several degrees warmer than that occupied by lake trout of Finger Lakes, New York origin. Most of the lake trout occupied summer temperatures lower than the preferred temperatures suggested by laboratory studies. In October, all strains occupied water as warm or warmer than that occupied in summer, which may partially explain the higher lethality of sea lamprey attacks during October.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bergstedt, R.A., Argyle, R.L., Seelye, J.G., Scribner, K.T., and Curtis, G.L., 2003, In situ determination of the annual thermal habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Huron: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 347-361.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"361","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, James G.","contributorId":69919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":95434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Curtis, Gary L.","contributorId":16356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70180269,"text":"70180269 - 2003 - Geologic map of the Callville Bay Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T15:19:40","indexId":"70180269","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"139","title":"Geologic map of the Callville Bay Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\"><span class=\"searchword\">Report</span>: <span class=\"searchword\">139</span></span> <br><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\"><span class=\"searchword\">Map</span> Scale: 1:24,000</span> <br><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\"><span class=\"searchword\">Map</span> Type: colored <span class=\"searchword\">geologic</span> <span class=\"searchword\">map</span></span> <br><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\">A 1:24,000-scale, full-color <span class=\"searchword\">geologic</span> <span class=\"searchword\">map</span> and four cross sections of the <span class=\"searchword\">Callville</span> <span class=\"searchword\">Bay</span> 7-minute <span class=\"searchword\">quadrangle</span> in <span class=\"searchword\">Clark</span> <span class=\"searchword\">County</span>, <span class=\"searchword\">Nevada</span> and <span class=\"searchword\">Mohave</span> <span class=\"searchword\">County</span>, <span class=\"searchword\">Arizona</span>. An accompanying text describes <span class=\"searchword\">21</span> stratigraphic units of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and 40 units of Cenozoic sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive rocks. It also discusses the structural setting, framework, and history of the <span class=\"searchword\">quadrangle</span> and presents a model for its tectonic development.</span></p>","issn":"0731-3128 ","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.E., 2003, Geologic map of the Callville Bay Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona, 1 plate.","productDescription":"1 plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b198be4b0ad67323f9872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Ernest","contributorId":104484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ernest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000852,"text":"1000852 - 2003 - Estimating parasitic sea lamprey abundance in Lake Huron from heterogenous data sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T13:42:08","indexId":"1000852","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating parasitic sea lamprey abundance in Lake Huron from heterogenous data sources","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Great Lakes Fishery Commission uses time series of transformer, parasitic, and spawning population estimates to evaluate the effectiveness of its sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) control program. This study used an inverse variance weighting method to integrate Lake Huron sea lamprey population estimates derived from two estimation procedures: 1) prediction of the lake-wide spawning population from a regression model based on stream size and, 2) whole-lake mark and recapture estimates. In addition, we used a re-sampling procedure to evaluate the effect of trading off sampling effort between the regression and mark-recapture models. Population estimates derived from the regression model ranged from 132,000 to 377,000 while mark-recapture estimates of marked recently metamorphosed juveniles and parasitic sea lampreys ranged from 536,000 to 634,000 and 484,000 to 1,608,000, respectively. The precision of the estimates varied greatly among estimation procedures and years. The integrated estimate of the mark-recapture and spawner regression procedures ranged from 252,000 to 702,000 transformers. The re-sampling procedure indicated that the regression model is more sensitive to reduction in sampling effort than the mark-recapture model. Reliance on either the regression or mark-recapture model alone could produce misleading estimates of abundance of sea lampreys and the effect of the control program on sea lamprey abundance. These analyses indicate that the precision of the lakewide population estimate can be maximized by re-allocating sampling effort from marking sea lampreys to trapping additional streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70490-0","usgsCitation":"Young, R.J., Jones, M., Bence, J., McDonald, R., Mullett, K.M., and Bergstedt, R.A., 2003, Estimating parasitic sea lamprey abundance in Lake Huron from heterogenous data sources: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 214-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70490-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"225","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bence, James R.","contributorId":95026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bence","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, Rodney B.","contributorId":105678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Rodney B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mullett, Katherine M.","contributorId":70733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullett","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":53727,"text":"ofr2003476 - 2003 - Effects of channel modification on fish habitat in the upper Yellowstone River: Final report to the USACE, Omaha","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:31:18","indexId":"ofr2003476","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-476","title":"Effects of channel modification on fish habitat in the upper Yellowstone River: Final report to the USACE, Omaha","docAbstract":"<p>A two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation model was coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) to produce a variety of habitat classification maps for three study reaches in the upper Yellowstone River basin in Montana. Data from these maps were used to examine potential effects of channel modification on shallow, slow current velocity (SSCV) habitats that are important refugia and nursery areas for young salmonids. At low flows, channel modifications were found to contribute additional SSCV habitat, but this contribution was negligible at higher discharges. During runoff, when young salmonids are most vulnerable to downstream displacement, the largest areas of SSCV habitat occurred in side channels, point bars, and overbank areas. Because of the diversity of elevations in the existing Yellowstone River, SSCV habitat tends to be available over a wide range of discharges. Based on simulations in modified and unmodified sub-reaches, channel simplification results in decreased availability of SSCV habitat, particularly during runoff. The combined results of the fish population and fish habitat studies present strong evidence that during runoff, SSCV habitat is most abundant in side channel and overbank areas and that juvenile salmonids use these habitats as refugia. Channel modifications that result in reduced availability of side channel and overbank habitats, particularly during runoff, will probably cause local reductions in juvenile abundances during the runoff period. Effects of reduced juvenile abundances during runoff on adult numbers later in the year will depend on (1) the extent of channel modification, (2) patterns of fish displacement and movement, (3) longitudinal connectivity between reaches that contain refugia and those that do not, and (4) the relative importance of other limiting factors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003476","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Bovee, K.D., and Waddle, T.J., 2003, Effects of channel modification on fish habitat in the upper Yellowstone River: Final report to the USACE, Omaha: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-476, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003476.","productDescription":"80 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2003476.PNG"},{"id":320297,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0476/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Park County","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.74905395507812,\n              45.32704768567264\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.61721801757812,\n              45.41966030640988\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.54855346679686,\n              45.596743928454124\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.49636840820312,\n              45.69850658738848\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.52932739257812,\n              45.71097418682748\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.59112548828125,\n              45.64092778836502\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.60623168945312,\n              45.55444852652113\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.64468383789062,\n              45.487094732298374\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.65704345703124,\n              45.433153642271414\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.69549560546874,\n              45.42737117898911\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.77239990234375,\n              45.346354488594436\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74905395507812,\n              45.32704768567264\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db61629c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175094,"text":"70175094 - 2003 - Effects of spatial and temporal variability of turbidity on phytoplankton blooms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:27:19","indexId":"70175094","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of spatial and temporal variability of turbidity on phytoplankton blooms","docAbstract":"<p><span>A central challenge of coastal ecology is sorting out the interacting spatial and temporal components of environmental variability that combine to drive changes in phytoplankton biomass. For 2 decades, we have combined sustained observation and experimentation in South San Francisco Bay (SSFB) with numerical modeling analyses to search for general principles that define phytoplankton population responses to physical dynamics characteristic of shallow, nutrient-rich coastal waters having complex bathymetry and influenced by tides, wind and river flow. This study is the latest contribution where we investigate light-limited phytoplankton growth using a numerical model, by modeling turbidity as a function of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC). The goal was to explore the sensitivity of estuarine phytoplankton dynamics to spatial and temporal variations in turbidity, and to synthesize outcomes of simulation experiments into a new conceptual framework for defining the combinations of physical-biological forcings that promote or preclude development of phytoplankton blooms in coastal ecosystems. The 3 main conclusions of this study are: (1) The timing of the wind with semidiurnal tides and the spring-neap cycle can significantly enhance spring-neap variability in turbidity and phytoplankton biomass; (2) Fetch is a significant factor potentially affecting phytoplankton dynamics by enhancing and/or creating spatial variability in turbidity; and (3) It is possible to parameterize the combined effect of the processes influencing turbidity&lsaquo;and thus affecting potential phytoplankton bloom development&lsaquo;with 2 indices for vertical and horizontal clearing of the water column. Our conceptual framework is built around these 2 indices, providing a means to determine under what conditions a phytoplankton bloom can occur, and whether a potential bloom is only locally supported or system-wide in scale. This conceptual framework provides a tool for exploring the inherent light climate attributes of shallow estuarine ecosystems and helps determine susceptibility to the harmful effects of nutrient enrichment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps254111","usgsCitation":"May, C.L., Koseff, J.R., Lucas, L., Cloern, J.E., and Schoellhamer, D., 2003, Effects of spatial and temporal variability of turbidity on phytoplankton blooms: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 254, p. 111-128, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps254111.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps254111","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"254","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2caee4b0589fa1c980a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Christine L.","contributorId":79440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucas, Lisa 0000-0001-7797-5517 llucas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-5517","contributorId":2181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"llucas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70174324,"text":"70174324 - 2003 - Sediment dynamics drive contaminant dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T14:00:31","indexId":"70174324","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5127,"text":"Pulse of the Estuary","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"2003","title":"Sediment dynamics drive contaminant dynamics","docAbstract":"<p>Many contaminants of greatest concern in San Francisco Bay, including mercury and PCBs, are primarily associated with sediment particles rather than dissolved in water. Therefore, the movement and fate of sediment determines the movement and fate of many contaminants in the Bay. Because of this close association, the RMP monitors and seeks to understand the quantity and movement of sediment suspended in the water. Through study of suspended sediment dynamics, the RMP is developing a better understanding of trends and patterns of contaminants and how the Bay will respond to management actions during the next several decades. Recent RMP efforts to develop predictive models of contaminant fate in the Bay have highlighted the fundamental importance of understanding sediment dynamics.</p>\n<p>Sediment movement in the Bay is determined by tides, wind, and freshwater inflow. Tides flood and ebb twice a day, wind typically is strongest in the afternoon, and freshwater inflow is greatest during the winter rainy season (see sidebar on next page). To characterize these fluctuations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began continuous monitoring of suspended sediment concentration in 1991. Continuous suspended sediment concentration monitoring stations were established in each major region of San Francisco Bay (Figure 1), establishing a continuous monitoring network. The sensors at each station measure the amount of material in the water every 15 minutes. Results are available on the internet at . In addition to the network, sensors have been deployed at as many as 14 additional sites in the Bay for periods of several months as part of focused studies of sediment transport in Bay locales of special interest.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2003 Pulse of the estuary: Monitoring & managing contamination in the San Francisco Estuary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Shellenbarger, G., Ganju, N., Davis, J., and McKee, L.J., 2003, Sediment dynamics drive contaminant dynamics: Pulse of the Estuary 2003, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sfei.org/documents/2003-pulse-estuary-monitoring-managing-contamination-san-francisco-estuary"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.53326416015624,\n              37.40725549559876\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53326416015624,\n              38.18422791820727\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6680908203125,\n              38.18422791820727\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6680908203125,\n              37.40725549559876\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53326416015624,\n              37.40725549559876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebee4b08116168223b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465 nganju@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":140088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","email":"nganju@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Jay A.","contributorId":168696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Jay A.","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKee, Lester J.","contributorId":24693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Lester","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":53886,"text":"53886 - 2003 - Electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T14:27:22.319366","indexId":"53886","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2003-0002","title":"Electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish","docAbstract":"Electrofishing, a valuable sampling technique in North America for over half a century, involves a very dynamic and complex mix of physics, physiology, and behavior that remains poorly understood. New hypotheses have been advanced regarding \"power transfer\" to fish and the epileptic nature of their responses to electric fields, but these too need to be more fully explored and validated.\r\n\r\nFishery researchers and managers in the Colorado River Basin, and elsewhere, are particularly concerned about the harmful effects of electrofishing on fish, especially endangered species. Although often not externally obvious or fatal, spinal injuries and associated hemorrhages sometimes have been documented in over 50% of fish examined internally. Such injuries can occur anywhere in the electrofishing field at or above the intensity threshold for twitch. These injuries are believed to result from powerful convulsions of body musculature (possibly epileptic seizures) caused mostly by sudden changes in voltage as when electricity is pulsed or switched on or off. Significantly fewer spinal injuries are reported when direct current, low-frequency pulsed direct current (<30 Hz), or specially designed pulse trains are used. Salmoniae are especially susceptible. Endangered cyprinids of the Colorado River Basin are generally much less susceptible, enough so to allow cautious use of less harmful currents for most recovery monitoring and research. However, the endangered catostomid Xyrauchen texanus appears sufficiently susceptible to warrant a continued minimal-use policy.\r\n\r\nOther harmful effects, such as bleeding at gills or vent and excessive physiological stress, are also of concern. Mortality, usually by asphyxiation, is a common result of excessive exposure to tetanizing intensities near electrodes or poor handling of captured specimens. Reported effects on reproduction are contradictory, but electrofishing over spawning grounds can harm embryos. Electrofishing is often considered the most effective and benign technique for capturing moderate- to large-size fish, but when adverse effects are problematic and cannot be sufficiently reduced, its use should be severely restricted.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.E., 2003, Electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish: Information and Technology Report 2003-0002, vii, 149 p.","productDescription":"vii, 149 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481713,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/53886/report.pdf"},{"id":125138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/53886/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08a0e4b0c8380cd51bc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Darrel E.","contributorId":27543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Darrel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}