Reconstructing historical colonization pathways of an invasive species is critical for uncovering factors that determine invasion success and for designing management strategies. The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is endemic to eastern North America, but now has a global distribution and is considered to be one of the worst invaders in the world. In Montana, several introduced populations have been reported, but little is known of their sources and vectors of introduction and secondary spread. We evaluated the genetic composition of introduced populations at local (Yellowstone River floodplain) and regional (Montana and Wyoming) scales in contrast to native range populations. Our objectives were to (1) estimate the number of introductions, (2) identify probable native sources, (3) evaluate genetic variation relative to sources, and (4) characterize properties of local- and regional-scale spread. We sequenced 937 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus in 395 tadpoles collected along 100 km of the Yellowstone River, from three additional sites in MT and a proximate site in WY. Pairwise ΦST revealed high divergence among nonnative populations, suggesting at least four independent introductions into MT from diverse sources. Three cyt b haplotypes were identical to native haplotypes distributed across the Midwest and Great Lakes regions, and AMOVA confirmed the western native region as a likely source. While haplotype (Hd = 0.69) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.005) were low in introduced bullfrogs, the levels of diversity did not differ significantly from source populations. In the Yellowstone, two identified haplotypes implied few introduction vectors and a significant relationship between genetic and river distance was found. Evidence for multiple invasions and lack of subsequent regional spread emphasizes the importance of enforcing legislation prohibiting bullfrog importation and the need for continuing public education to prevent transport of bullfrogs in MT. More broadly, this study demonstrates how genetic approaches can reveal key properties of a biological invasion to inform management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2278","usgsCitation":"Kamath, P.L., Sepulveda, A.J., and Layhee, M.J., 2016, Genetic reconstruction of a bullfrog invasion to elucidate vectors of introduction and secondary spread: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 15, p. 5221-5233, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2278.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5221","endPage":"5233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070987","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2278","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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In Canyonlands National Park on the Colorado Plateau of southeastern Utah, many degraded grasslands have not recovered structure and function >40 yr after release from livestock grazing pressure, necessitating active restoration. We hypothesized that multiple factors contribute to the persistent degraded state, including lack of seed availability, surficial soil-hydrological properties, and high levels of spatial connectivity (lack of perennial vegetation and other surface structure to retain water, litter, seed, and sediment). In combination with seeding and surface raking treatments, we tested the effect of small barrier structures (“ConMods”) designed to disrupt the loss of litter, seed and sediment in degraded soil patches within the park. Grass establishment was highest when all treatments (structures, seed addition, and soil disturbance) were combined, but only in the second year after installation, following favorable climatic conditions. We suggest that multiple limiting factors were ameliorated by treatments, including seed limitation and microsite availability, seed removal by harvester ants, and stressful abiotic conditions. Higher densities of grass seedlings on the north and east sides of barrier structures following the summer months suggest that structures may have functioned as artificial “nurse-plants”, sheltering seedlings from wind and radiation as well as accumulating wind-blown resources. Barrier structures increased the establishment of both native perennial grasses and exotic annuals, although there were species-specific differences in mortality related to spatial distribution of seedlings within barrier structures. The unique success of all treatments combined, and even then only under favorable climatic conditions and in certain soil patches, highlights that restoration success (and potentially, natural regeneration) often is contingent on many interacting factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1354","usgsCitation":"Fick, S., Decker, C.E., Duniway, M.C., and Miller, M.E., 2016, Small-scale barriers mitigate desertification processes and enhance plant recruitment in a degraded semiarid grassland: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 6, e01354; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1354.","productDescription":"e01354; 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069023","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1354","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Needles District of Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.7,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -109.7,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -109.8,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -109.8,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -109.7,\n 38.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724022e4b07657d1a793a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fick, Stephen E.","contributorId":172490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fick","given":"Stephen E.","affiliations":[{"id":27054,"text":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616 USA. E-mail: sfick@ucdavis.edu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, Cheryl E.","contributorId":86051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174028,"text":"70174028 - 2016 - Environment, host, and fungal traits predict continental-scale white-nose syndrome in bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T15:14:08","indexId":"70174028","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-23T13:25:35","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environment, host, and fungal traits predict continental-scale white-nose syndrome in bats","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease killing bats in eastern North America, but disease is not seen in European bats and is less severe in some North American species. We show that how bats use energy during hibernation and fungal growth rates under different environmental conditions can explain how some bats are able to survive winter with infection and others are not. Our study shows how simple but nonlinear interactions between fungal growth and bat energetics result in decreased survival times at more humid hibernation sites; however, differences between species such as body size and metabolic rates determine the impact of fungal infection on bat survival, allowing European bat species to survive, whereas North American species can experience dramatic decline.
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U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:49:14.127904","indexId":"ds993","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-23T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"993","title":"Evaluating the potential effects of hurricanes on long-term sediment accumulation in two micro-tidal sub-estuaries: Barnegat Bay and Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Barnegat Bay, located along the eastern shore of New Jersey, was significantly impacted by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a multidisciplinary study of sediment transport and hydrodynamics to understand the mechanisms that govern estuarine and wetland responses to storm forcing. This report details the physical and chemical characteristics of surficial and downcore sediments from two areas within the bay. Eleven sites were sampled in both the central portion of the bay near Barnegat Inlet and in the southern portion of the bay in Little Egg Harbor. Laboratory analyses include Be-7, Pb-210, bulk density, porosity, x-radiographs, and grain-size distribution. These data will serve as a critical baseline dataset for understanding the current sedimentological regime and can be applied to future storms for understanding estuarine and wetland evolution.
\nThis report serves as an archive for sedimentological and radiochemical data derived from the surface sediments and box cores. Downloadable data are available as Excel spreadsheets, PDF files, and JPEG files, and include sediment core data plots and x-radiographs, as well as physical-properties, grain-size, alpha-spectroscopy, and gamma-spectroscopy data. Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata are available for analytical datasets in the data downloads page of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds993","usgsCitation":"Marot, M.E., Smith, C.G., Ellis, A.M., and Wheaton, C.J., 2016, Evaluating the potential effects of hurricanes on long-term sediment accumulation in two micro-tidal sub-estuaries—Barnegat Bay and Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, U.S.A.: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 993, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds993.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069912","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322039,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0993","text":"Report HTML"},{"id":324282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay, Little Egg Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.08767700195312,\n 39.832795514765444\n ],\n [\n -74.16183471679688,\n 39.8480851287529\n ],\n [\n -74.35890197753906,\n 39.562823814514026\n ],\n [\n -74.27375793457031,\n 39.51516565173217\n ],\n [\n -74.19960021972656,\n 39.600397716215824\n ],\n [\n -74.13642883300781,\n 39.68922382844214\n ],\n [\n -74.08973693847656,\n 39.76210275375137\n ],\n [\n -74.08767700195312,\n 39.832795514765444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
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Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District manage groundwater resources in a part of west Texas near the Texas-New Mexico State line. Declining groundwater levels have raised concerns about the amount of available groundwater in the study area and the potential for water-quality changes resulting from dewatering and increased vertical groundwater movement between adjacent water-bearing units.
\nIn 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District, began a multiphase project to develop a regional conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, and Dockum aquifers. The Ogallala aquifer is the shallowest aquifer in the study area and is the primary source of water for agriculture and municipal supply in the area. This report describes the results of the first phase of the study, during which groundwater-level-altitude and selected water-quality data from wells in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties were compiled and evaluated for the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, and Dockum aquifers.
\nReadily available digital groundwater data for the study area (geologic, well-construction, groundwater-level-altitude, and selected water-quality data) were compiled to assess temporal and spatial changes in groundwater resources from early development (1930–60) to recent (2005–15) periods. Pertinent data were compiled from available sources for the study area and for a 5-mile buffer area around the study area to prevent gridding errors near the boundary. Geologic and well-construction data were used to determine or verify the aquifer in which each well was completed. Depending on the available data, the aquifer assignment (aquifer in which a given well was completed) was determined on the basis of the following criteria, in order of priority: (1) the screened or open interval(s) of the well, (2) the total depth of the well, or (3) the completed aquifer reported for a given well by the data source.
\nPotentiometric-surface maps were created to depict changes in groundwater-level altitudes for the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity aquifers. In addition to comparing groundwater-level altitudes and water quality from the early development and recent periods, hydrographs of groundwater-level altitudes were created, and changes in water quality for various periods between 1930 and 2015 were evaluated. Variance maps for each groundwater-level-altitude grid were used to evaluate the spatial data coverage and to identify areas with higher uncertainty because of spatially limited data availability for some of the aquifers.
\nFor this report, existing dissolved-solids and nitrate concentration data were compiled and assessed for evidence of spatial patterns and changes over time. These data were compiled for samples collected from wells completed in the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, or Dockum aquifer during the early development period (1930–60) or the recent period (2005–15); temporal and spatial variations were assessed from depictions of the measured concentration values. Dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations measured in samples from three wells completed in the Ogallala aquifer (well identifiers 11524, 11824, and 11825) for which long-term monitoring was done for various periods between 1950 and 2015 were also compiled and analyzed.
\nGroundwater-level altitudes of the Ogallala aquifer are generally higher in the northwestern part of the study area and lower in the southeastern part of the study area, varying by as much as 800 feet. Groundwater flow paths for the early development period generally trend from northwest to southeast across the study area. Compared to those for the early development period, local features in the potentiometric surface for the recent period are more pronounced, likely as a result of additional data coverage, increased groundwater withdrawals, and local flow paths that are more variable.
\nFor the Edwards-Trinity aquifer potentiometric-surface map of the recent period, a general northwest to southeast flow gradient was also evident, with some subtle differences compared to the early development period. The Edwards-Trinity aquifer water-level-altitude change map between the early development and recent periods indicated similar spatial trends as in the Ogallala aquifer and indicated that groundwater-level altitudes declined over a large amount of the area for which sufficient data were available for reliably mapping changes.
\nDuring the recent period, median dissolved-solids concentrations of less than 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) were predominantly measured in the western part of the study area, and median concentrations of more than 1,000 mg/L were predominantly measured in the eastern part of the study area. A general pattern of increasing nitrate concentrations from west to the northeast was evident in the study area. Nitrate concentrations measured in samples collected from 16 wells completed in the Ogallala aquifer for the recent period were equal to or greater than 10 mg/L, the primary drinking water standard for finished drinking water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3355","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.V., Teeple, A.P., Payne, J.D., and Ikard, Scott, 2016, Changes between early development (1930–60) and recent (2005–15) groundwater-level altitudes and dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3355, 2 sheets, pamphlet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3355.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 32.00 x 35.00 and 32.00 x 35.00; 11 Tables; Pamphlet: vi, 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065525","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321242,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"2.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Sheet 1"},{"id":321243,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Sheet 2"},{"id":321244,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_tables01to11.xlsx","text":"Tables 1 to 11","size":"1.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIM 3355 Tables 1 to 11"},{"id":321241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"943 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Gaines County, Terry County, Yoakum County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.2039,32.961],[-102.2038,32.5237],[-102.2109,32.524],[-103.0637,32.5215],[-103.0632,32.9589],[-103.0632,33.0017],[-103.0593,33.209],[-103.0559,33.3903],[-102.5954,33.3903],[-102.0774,33.3894],[-102.0782,32.9611],[-102.2039,32.961]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Gaines\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4733
The holotype partial skull of Agorophius pygmaeus (the monotypic form for both the genus Agorophius and the Family Agorophiidae) has been missing for approximately 140 years. Since the discovery of Agorophius pygmaeus, many additional taxa and specimens have been placed in the Family Agorophiidae, only to be reclassified and removed later. This has created confusion as to what is and what is not an agorophiid and a lack of clarity as to what characteristics delimit the Agorophiidae. A newly discovered skull of an agorophiid recently collected from an underwater cliff face of the Ashley River, South Carolina, USA, is assigned to Agorophius pygmaeus. It derives from the base of the Ashley Formation (early Oligocene). The new specimen consists of most of the skull and periotics, which are well preserved and described for the first time in an agorophiid. The new specimen provides an opportunity to diagnose the Agorophiidae and place the genus and species within the phylogenetic context of the early odontocete radiation in the Oligocene, along with other taxa such as the Ashleycetidae, Mirocetidae, Patriocetidae, Simocetidae, Waipatiidae, and Xenorophidae. Based on this new understanding, Agorophiidae are known with certainty only from the early Oligocene of South Carolina, with other undescribed, potential agorophiid specimens from the Oligocene of the North Pacific region (Japan, Mexico, and Washington State).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1017/jpa.2016.4","usgsCitation":"Godfrey, S.J., Uhen, M.D., Osborne, J.E., and Edwards, L.E., 2016, A new specimen of Agorophius pygmaeus (Agorophiidae, Odontoceti, Cetacea) from the Early Oligocene Ashley Formation of South Carolina, USA: Journal of Paleontology, v. 90, no. 1, p. 154-169, https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070878","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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E.","contributorId":171937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborne","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":26968,"text":"Paleo Quest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169973,"text":"sir20165040 - 2016 - Effects of May through July 2015 storm events on suspended sediment loads, sediment trapping efficiency, and storage capacity of John Redmond Reservoir, east-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T14:30:58","indexId":"sir20165040","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5040","title":"Effects of May through July 2015 storm events on suspended sediment loads, sediment trapping efficiency, and storage capacity of John Redmond Reservoir, east-central Kansas","docAbstract":"The Neosho River and its primary tributary, the Cottonwood River, are the main sources of inflow to John Redmond Reservoir in east-central Kansas. Storage loss in the reservoir resulting from sedimentation has been estimated to be 765 acre-feet per year for 1964–2014. The 1964–2014 sedimentation rate was almost 90 percent larger than the projected design sedimentation rate of 404 acre-feet per year, and resulted in a loss of about 40 percent of the original (1964) conservation (multi-purpose) pool storage capacity. To help maintain storage in the reservoir, the Kansas Water Office has implemented more than two dozen stream bank erosion control projects to reduce the annual sediment load entering the reservoir and initiated a dredging project to restore nearly 2,000 acre-feet of storage near the dam to provide additional water supply to downstream water users. Storm events during May through July 2015 caused large inflows of water and sediment into the reservoir. Initially, flood waters were held back in the reservoir in order to decrease downstream flooding in Oklahoma. Later, retained reservoir flood waters were released at high rates (up to 25,400 acre-feet per day, the maximum allowed for the reservoir) for extended periods.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, computed the suspended-sediment inflows and retention in John Redmond Reservoir during May through July 2015. Computations relied upon previously published turbidity-suspended sediment relations at water-quality monitoring sites located upstream and downstream from the reservoir. During the 3-month period, approximately 872,000 tons of sediment entered the reservoir, and 57,000 tons were released through the reservoir outlet. The average monthly trapping efficiency during this period was 93 percent, and monthly averages ranged from 83 to 97 percent. During the study period, an estimated 980 acre-feet of storage was lost, over 2.4 times the design annual sedimentation rate of the reservoir. Storm inflows during the 3-month analysis period reduced reservoir storage in the conservation pool approximately 1.6 percent. This indicates that large inflows, coupled with minimal releases, can have substantial effects on reservoir storage and lifespan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.M., 2016, Effects of May through July 2015 storm events on suspended sediment loads, sediment trapping efficiency, and storage capacity of John Redmond Reservoir, east-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5040, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165040.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069900","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5040/sir20165040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5040"},{"id":320857,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5040/sir20165040_appendix 1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"20.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5040 Appendix 1"},{"id":320855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5040/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River watershed, John Redmond Reservoir, Upper Neosho watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
The Neosho River and its primary tributary, the Cottonwood River, are the main sources of inflow to John Redmond Reservoir in east-central Kansas. Storm events during May through July 2015 caused large inflows of water and sediment into the reservoir. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, and funded in part through the Kansas State Water Plan Fund, computed the suspended-sediment inflows to, and trapping efficiency of, John Redmond Reservoir during May through July 2015. This fact sheet summarizes the quantification of suspended-sediment loads to and from the reservoir during May through July 2015 storm events and describes reservoir sediment trapping efficiency and effects on water-storage capacity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, and funded in part through the State Water Plan Fund","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.M., and King, L.R., 2016, May through July 2015 storm event effects on suspended-sediment loads, sediment trapping efficiency, and storage capacity of John Redmond Reservoir: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3035, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163035.","productDescription":"4 p","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074296","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323828,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3035/fs20163035.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3035"},{"id":323827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3035/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River watershed, John Redmond Reservoir, Upper Neosho watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, Kansas 66049
The Moscow-Pullman basin, located on the eastern margin of the Columbia River flood basalt province, consists of a subsurface mosaic of interlayered Miocene sediments and lava flows of the Imnaha, Grande Ronde, Wanapum, and Saddle Mountains Basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group. This sequence is ~1800 ft (550 m) thick in the east around Moscow, Idaho, and exceeds 2300 ft (700 m) in the west at Pullman, Washington. Most flows entered from the west into a topographic low, partially surrounded by steep mountainous terrain. These flows caused a rapid rise in base level and deposition of immature sediments. This field guide focuses on the upper Grande Ronde Basalt, Wanapum Basalt, and sediments of the Latah Formation.
Late Grande Ronde flows terminated midway into the basin to begin the formation of a topographic high that now separates a thick sediment wedge of the Vantage Member to the east of the high from a thin layer to the west. Disrupted by lava flows, streams were pushed from a west-flowing direction to a north-northwest orientation and drained the basin through a gap between steptoes toward Palouse, Washington. Emplacement of the Roza flow of the Wanapum Basalt against the western side of the topographic high was instrumental in this process, plugging west-flowing drainages and increasing deposition of Vantage sediments east of the high. The overlying basalt of Lolo covered both the Roza flow and Vantage sediments, blocking all drainages, and was in turn covered by sediments interlayered with local Saddle Mountains Basalt flows. Reestablishment of west-flowing drainages has been slow.
The uppermost Grande Ronde, the Vantage, and the Wanapum contain what is known as the upper aquifer. The water supply is controlled, in part, by thickness, composition, and distribution of the Vantage sediments. A buried channel of the Vantage likely connects the upper aquifer to Palouse, Washington, outside the basin. This field guide locates outcrops; relates them to stratigraphic well data; outlines paleogeographic basin evolution from late Grande Ronde to the present time; and notes structures, basin margin differences, and features that influence upper aquifer water supply.
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California and Nevada","docAbstract":"From May 2011 to August 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected gravity data at more than 2,300 stations and physical property measurements on more than 640 rock samples from outcrops in the eastern Mojave Desert, California and Nevada. Gravity, magnetic, and physical-property data are used to study and locate regional crustal structures as an aid to understanding the geologic framework related to mineral resources of the eastern Mojave Desert.
The eastern Mojave Desert is host to a world-class rare earth element carbonatite deposit located at Mountain Pass, California. Carbonatites are typically defined as magmatic rocks with high modal abundances of primary carbonate minerals >50 weight percent and elevated abundances of rare earth elements (REEs) (Nelson and others, 1988; Woolley and Kempe, 1989). The “Sulphide Queen” carbonatite ore deposit is a composite, tabular body made up of sills and dikes of REE-bearing sovites and beforsites that occurs just south of the Clark Mountain Range along a north-northwest trending fault-bounded block that extends along the northeast edge of the Mescal Range and northwestern extent of Ivanpah Mountains. This early to middle Proterozoic block is composed of a 1.7 Ga metamorphic complex of gneiss and schist that underwent widespread metamorphism and associated plutonism during the Ivanpah orogeny (Miller and others, 2007). Subsequently, these rocks were intruded by a series of granitoids, which included the 1.4 Ga (DeWitt and others, 1987) ultrapotassic alkaline suite of intrusions that are spatially and temporally associated with hundreds of dikes, outcrops, and a carbonatite ore body. The relative age sequence of this intrusive suite of alkaline rocks from oldest to youngest includes shonkinite, mesosyenite, syenite, quartz syenite, potassic granite, carbonatite, and late shonkinite dikes (Olson and others, 1954; Wooden and Miller, 1990; Haxel, 2005; Miller and others, 2007).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161070","usgsCitation":"Denton, K.M., and Ponce, D.A., 2018, Gravity and magnetic studies of the eastern Mojave Desert, California and Nevada (ver 1.1, August 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1070, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161070.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; 3 Tables; Metadata; version history","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-05-01","ipdsId":"IP-064300","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323913,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_table01_gravity_data_v1.1.xlsx","text":"Table 1 version 1.1","size":"472 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Table 1 ver. 1.1"},{"id":323914,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_table02_rock_property_data.xlsx","text":"Table 2","size":"128 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Table 2"},{"id":323915,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_table03_rock_modifier_data.xlsx","text":"Table 3","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Table 3"},{"id":323910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/coverthb_.jpg"},{"id":323911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070"},{"id":323912,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/ofr20161070_metadata.txt","size":"3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1070 Metadata"},{"id":356639,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1070/versionHist.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.0\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -115.0,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -115.0,\n 35.0\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"ver. 1.1: August 2018; ver. 1: June 2016","contact":"Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Tucson
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This report summarizes a three-dimensional (3-D) geologic model that was constructed to provide a framework to investigate groundwater resources of the Osage Nation in northeastern Oklahoma. This report also presents an analysis of an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey that assessed the spatial variation of electrical resistivity to depths as great as 300 meters in the subsurface. The report and model provide support for a countywide assessment of groundwater resources, emphasizing the Upper Pennsylvanian rock units in the shallow subsurface of central and eastern Osage County having electrical resistivity properties that may indicate aquifers.
\nSurface outcrops and subsurface stratigraphic picks on wire-line geophysical logs of Upper Pennsylvanian–Lower Permian sedimentary rock were used to construct a 3-D model of the geologic subsurface as an aid for evaluating groundwater resources in Osage County. Quaternary alluvium and terraces along major streams and the Arkansas River are included in the geologic framework model. Data from the AEM survey were subjected to quality-control procedures, truncated at depth of investigation (DOI), and then used to build a 3-D electrical resistivity model making use of secondary and tertiary interpolation profiles between primary data profiles. The AEM data highlight westward-inclined resistivity gradients that parallel the shallow dip of bedrock strata; bodies have resistivity >30 ohm-meters, and extend as much as 10 kilometers (km) down the dip of host geologic units. Volume analysis and internal imaging of an integrated 3-D geology and electrical resistivity model give a proxy for likely aquifer units with large relative volumes of high resistivity: Quaternary alluvium, Elgin Sandstone Lentil in the upper part of the Vamoosa Group, Tallant Formation, and parts of a combined Wann-Iola-Chanute Formation. Less voluminous, high-resistivity bodies correspond to intervals in the lower part of the Vamoosa Group in the east-central part of the county and probable limestone intervals in the upper part of the Vanoss Group in the northwest part of the county. Northwestern and eastern troughs of potable water previously defined for central Osage County generally correspond to down-dip projections of high-resistivity bodies associated with the Elgin Sandstone Lentil of the Vamoosa Group and Tallant Formation, respectively.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165067","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Osage Nation","usgsCitation":"Hudson, M.R., Smith, D.V., Pantea, M.P., and Becker, C.J., 2016, Geologic and geophysical models for Osage County, Oklahoma, and implications for groundwater resources: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5067, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165067.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 27 p.; Companion Files; Datasets; Metadata; Readme File","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071283","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323530,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5067/Data.zip","text":"Data Files","size":"22.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5067 Data 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Center Director, USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
The 1872 Owens Valley earthquake is the third largest known historical earthquake in California. Relatively sparse field data and a complex rupture trace, however, inhibited attempts to fully resolve the slip distribution and reconcile the total moment release. We present a new, comprehensive record of surface slip based on lidar and field investigation, documenting 162 new measurements of laterally and vertically displaced landforms for 1872 and prehistoric Owens Valley earthquakes. Our lidar analysis uses a newly developed analytical tool to measure fault slip based on cross-correlation of sublinear topographic features and to produce a uniquely shaped probability density function (PDF) for each measurement. Stacking PDFs along strike to form cumulative offset probability distribution plots (COPDs) highlights common values corresponding to single and multiple-event displacements. Lateral offsets for 1872 vary systematically from ∼1.0 to 6.0 m and average 3.3 ± 1.1 m (2σ). Vertical offsets are predominantly east-down between ∼0.1 and 2.4 m, with a mean of 0.8 ± 0.5 m. The average lateral-to-vertical ratio compiled at specific sites is ∼6:1. Summing displacements across subparallel, overlapping rupture traces implies a maximum of 7–11 m and net average of 4.4 ± 1.5 m, corresponding to a geologic Mw ∼7.5 for the 1872 event. We attribute progressively higher-offset lateral COPD peaks at 7.1 ± 2.0 m, 12.8 ± 1.5 m, and 16.6 ± 1.4 m to three earlier large surface ruptures. Evaluating cumulative displacements in context with previously dated landforms in Owens Valley suggests relatively modest rates of fault slip, averaging between ∼0.6 and 1.6 mm/yr (1σ) over the late Quaternary.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/2015GC006033","usgsCitation":"Haddon, E., Amos, C., Zielke, O., Jayko, A.S., and Burgmann, R., 2016, Surface slip during large Owens Valley earthquakes: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 17, no. 6, p. 2239-2269, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC006033.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"2239","endPage":"2269","ipdsId":"IP-069700","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gc006033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.8,\n 35.7\n ],\n [\n -117.4,\n 35.7\n ],\n [\n -117.4,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -118.8,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -118.8,\n 35.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ea9e4b062508e3c7a81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haddon, E.K.","contributorId":193553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haddon","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amos, C.B.","contributorId":193554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amos","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zielke, O.","contributorId":166853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zielke","given":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":24561,"text":"KAUST","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":700810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jayko, Angela S. 0000-0002-7378-0330 ajayko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":2531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"Angela","email":"ajayko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":193555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173559,"text":"70173559 - 2016 - Anthropogenic disturbance and environmental associations with fish assemblage structure in two nonwadeable rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T06:55:00","indexId":"70173559","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic disturbance and environmental associations with fish assemblage structure in two nonwadeable rivers","docAbstract":"Nonwadeable rivers are unique ecosystems that support high levels of aquatic biodiversity, yet they have been greatly altered by human activities. Although riverine fish assemblages have been studied in the past, we still have an incomplete understanding of how fish assemblages respond to both natural and anthropogenic influences in large rivers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between fish assemblage structure and reach-scale habitat, dam, and watershed land use characteristics. In the summers of 2011 and 2012, comprehensive fish and environmental data were collected from 33 reaches in the Iowa and Cedar rivers of eastern-central Iowa. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate environmental relationships with species relative abundance, functional trait abundance (e.g. catch rate of tolerant species), and functional trait composition (e.g. percentage of tolerant species). On the basis of partial CCAs, reach-scale habitat, dam characteristics, and watershed land use features explained 25.0–81.1%, 6.2–25.1%, and 5.8–47.2% of fish assemblage variation, respectively. Although reach-scale, dam, and land use factors contributed to overall assemblage structure, the majority of fish assemblage variation was constrained by reach-scale habitat factors. Specifically, mean annual discharge was consistently selected in nine of the 11 CCA models and accounted for the majority of explained fish assemblage variance by reach-scale habitat. This study provides important insight on the influence of anthropogenic disturbances across multiple spatial scales on fish assemblages in large river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/rra.2844","usgsCitation":"Parks, T.P., Quist, M.C., and Pierce, C., 2016, Anthropogenic disturbance and environmental associations with fish assemblage structure in two nonwadeable rivers: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 1, p. 66-84, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2844.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043810","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/97","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River, Iowa River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -91.395263671875,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fcb1be4b04f417c2b2665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, T. P.","contributorId":171776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parks","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839 mquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":171392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188435,"text":"70188435 - 2016 - Geologic evolution of the lower Connecticut River valley: Influence of bedrock geology, glacial deposits, and sea level","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T09:42:29","indexId":"70188435","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5421,"text":"Guidebook","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":15}},"seriesNumber":"8","title":"Geologic evolution of the lower Connecticut River valley: Influence of bedrock geology, glacial deposits, and sea level","docAbstract":"This fieldtrip illustrates the character of the lower Connecticut River bedrock valley, in particular its depth, and the lithology and structure of bedrock units it crosses. It examines the character and distribution of the glaciodeltaic terraces that partially fill the valley and discusses the depth of postglacial incision into them.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of Connecticut","publisherLocation":"Hadlyme, CT","isbn":"9780942081282","usgsCitation":"Stone, J.R., and Lewis, R.S., 2016, Geologic evolution of the lower Connecticut River valley: Influence of bedrock geology, glacial deposits, and sea level: Guidebook 8, 33 p.","productDescription":"33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-069963","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Lower Connecticut River valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.46049880981445,\n 41.408230864902784\n ],\n [\n -72.4057388305664,\n 41.408230864902784\n ],\n [\n -72.4057388305664,\n 41.45417792338222\n ],\n [\n -72.46049880981445,\n 41.45417792338222\n ],\n [\n -72.46049880981445,\n 41.408230864902784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3a3e4b0764e6c60e7c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Ralph S.","contributorId":192778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171327,"text":"ofr20161072 - 2016 - California State Waters Map Series — Monterey Canyon and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-19T18:40:06.435029","indexId":"ofr20161072","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1072","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Monterey Canyon and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath bathymetry data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
The Monterey Canyon and Vicinity map area lies within Monterey Bay in central California. Monterey Bay is one of the largest embayments along the west coast of the United States, spanning 36 km from its northern to southern tips (in Santa Cruz and Monterey, respectively) and 20 km along its central axis. Not only does it contain one of the broadest sections of continental shelf along California’s coast, it also contains Monterey Canyon, one of the largest and deepest submarine canyons in the world. Note that the California’s State Waters limit extends farther offshore between Santa Cruz and Monterey so that it encompasses all of Monterey Bay.
The coastal area within the map area is lightly populated. The community of Moss Landing (population, 204) hosts the largest commercial fishing fleet in Monterey Bay in its harbor. The map area also includes parts of the cities of Marina (population, about 20,000) and Castroville (population, about 6,500). Fertile lowlands of the Salinas River and Pajaro River valleys largely occupy the inland part of the map area, and land use is primarily agricultural.
The offshore part of the map area lies completely within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The map area also includes Portuguese Ledge and Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Areas. Designated conservation and (or) recreation areas in the onshore part of the map area include Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge, Elkhorn Slough State Marine Conservation Area, Elkhorn Slough State Marine Reserve, Moss Landing Wildlife Area, Zmudowski and Salinas River State Beaches, and Marina Dunes Preserve.
Monterey Bay, a geologically complex area within a tectonically active continental margin, lies between two major, converging strike-slip faults. The northwest-striking San Andreas Fault lies about 34 km east of Monterey Bay; this section of the fault ruptured in both the 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1906 M7.8 great California earthquake. The northwest-striking San Gregorio Fault crosses Monterey Canyon west of Monterey Bay. Between these two regional faults, strain is accommodated by the northwest-striking Monterey Bay Fault Zone. Deformation associated with these major regional faults and related structures has resulted in uplift of the Santa Cruz Mountains, as well as the granitic highlands of the Monterey peninsula.
Monterey Canyon begins in the nearshore area directly offshore of Moss Landing and Elkhorn Slough, and it can be traced for more than 400 km seaward, out to water depths of more than 4,000 m. Within the map area, the canyon can be traced for about 42 km to a water depth of about 1,520 m. The head of the canyon consists of three branches that begin about 150 m offshore of Moss Landing Harbor. At 500 m offshore, the canyon is already 70 m deep and 750 m wide. Large sand waves, which have heights from 1 to 3 m and wavelengths of about 50 m, are present along the channel axis in the upper 4 km of the canyon.
Soquel Canyon is the most prominent tributary of Monterey Canyon within the map area. The head of Soquel Canyon is isolated from coastal watersheds and, thus, is considered inactive as a conduit for coarse sediment transport.
North and south of Monterey and Soquel Canyons, the relatively flat continental shelf contains only a few rocky outcrop exposures. Bedrock is covered largely by sediment derived from the Salinas and Pajaro Rivers. North of Monterey Canyon, the broad and flat continental shelf dips gently seaward, to water depths of about 95 m. To the south, the shelf also dips slightly, to water depths of as much as 150 m along the canyon edge.
In the map area, Monterey Canyon splits the Santa Cruz littoral cell (north of the canyon) and the southern Monterey littoral cell (south of the canyon). It is estimated that about 400,000 m3/yr of sand on average enters Monterey Canyon from both of these littoral cells.
In the Santa Cruz littoral cell, sand generally travels east and south. Sand is supplied through sea cliff erosion, as well as from the San Lorenzo River, the Pajaro River, and several other smaller coastal watersheds. About 152,911 m3/yr of sand is dredged from the entrance channel of the Santa Cruz Small Craft Harbor north of the map area and then placed on beaches to the east (downdrift) of it. This sand feeds the beaches in the southeastern reach of the Santa Cruz littoral cell and (or) is eventually trapped and lost by Monterey Canyon.
The southern Monterey Bay littoral cell in the map area consists of two subcells. From the head of Monterey Canyon to the Salinas River, littoral drift is dominantly to the north; sand entering the ocean from the Salinas River either is deposited offshore or travels north in the littoral zone, nourishing the beaches until it is transported down Monterey Canyon. From south of the Salinas River to the southern extent of the map area, coastal sediment is moved mainly to the south; dune erosion is the only significant source of sand in this subcell.
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Freshwater inflow characteristics define estuarine functioning by delivering nutrients, sediments, and freshwater, which affect biological resources and ultimately system production. Using 20 years of water quality, weather, and oyster growth and mortality data from Breton Sound Estuary (BSE), Louisiana, we examined the relationship of riverine, weather, and tidal influence on estuarine salinity, and the relationship of salinity to oyster growth and mortality. Mississippi River discharge was found to be the most important factor determining salinity patterns over oyster grounds within lower portions of BSE, with increased river flow associated with lowered salinities, while easterly winds associated with increased salinity were less influential. These patterns were consistent throughout the year. Salinity and temperature (season) were found to critically control oyster growth and mortality, suggesting that seasonal changes to river discharge affecting water quality over the oyster grounds have profound impacts on oyster populations. The management of oyster reefs in estuaries (such as BSE) requires an understanding of how estuarine hydrodynamics and salinity are influenced by forcing factors such as winds, river flow, and by the volume, timing, and location of controlled releases of riverine water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00146.1","usgsCitation":"LaPeyre, M.K., Geaghan, J., Decossas, G.A., and La Peyre, J.F., 2016, Analysis of environmental factors influencing salinity patterns, oyster growth, and mortality in lower Breton Sound Estuary, Louisiana using 20 years of data: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 519-530, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00146.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"530","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061906","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lower Breton Sound Estuary","volume":"32","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575933aee4b04f417c253d0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geaghan, James","contributorId":171569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geaghan","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Decossas, Gary A.","contributorId":21472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decossas","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Peyre, Jerome F.","contributorId":34697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157133,"text":"70157133 - 2016 - Climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:55:31","indexId":"70157133","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Climate change","docAbstract":"Climate change (including climate variability) refers to regional or global changes in mean climate state or in patterns of climate variability over decades to millions of years often identified using statistical methods and sometimes referred to as changes in long-term weather conditions (IPCC, 2012). Climate is influenced by changes in continent-ocean configurations due to plate tectonic processes, variations in Earth’s orbit, axial tilt and precession, atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, solar variability, volcanism, internal variability resulting from interactions between the atmosphere, oceans and ice (glaciers, small ice caps, ice sheets, and sea ice), and anthropogenic activities such as greenhouse gas emissions and land use and their effects on carbon cycling.
The U.S. Geological Survey has completed an assessment of the potential geologic carbon dioxide storage resources in the onshore areas of the United States. To provide geological context and input data sources for the resources numbers, framework documents are being prepared for all areas that were investigated as part of the national assessment. This report, chapter M, is the geologic framework document for the Uinta and Piceance, San Juan, Paradox, Raton, Eastern Great, and Black Mesa Basins, and subbasins therein of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. In addition to a summary of the geology and petroleum resources of studied basins, the individual storage assessment units (SAUs) within the basins are described and explanations for their selection are presented. Although appendixes in the national assessment publications include the input values used to calculate the available storage resource, this framework document provides only the context and source of the input values selected by the assessment geologists. Spatial-data files of the boundaries for the SAUs, and the well-penetration density of known well bores that penetrate the SAU seal, are available for download with the release of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024M","usgsCitation":"Merrill, M.D., Drake, R.M., II, Buursink, M.L., Craddock, W.H., East, J.A., Slucher, E.R., Warwick, P.D., Brennan, S.T., Blondes, M.S., Freeman, P.A., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C.D., 2016, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—Southern Rocky Mountain Basins, chap. M of Warwick, P.D., and Corum, M.D., eds., Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1024–M, 59 p., at https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024M.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 60 p.; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056759","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322007,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20121024","text":"Geologic Framework for the National Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources","linkHelpText":"- (Main Report)"},{"id":322003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/m/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":322005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/m/downloads/ofr2012-1024m_storage-assessment-units.zip","text":"Storage Assessment Units","size":"478 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2012-1024m"},{"id":322004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/m/ofr20121024m.pdf","text":"Report","size":"79.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2012-1024m"},{"id":322006,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/m/downloads/ofr2012-1024m_well-density.zip","text":"Well Density","size":"753 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2012-1024m"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin, Piceance Basin, San Juan Basin, Paradox Basin, Raton Basin, Eastern Great Basin, Black Mesa Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Energy Resources Program
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
913 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: gd-energyprogram@usgs.gov
http://energy.usgs.gov/GeneralInfo/
AbouttheEnergyProgram.aspx
The magnitude 4.0 earthquake that occurred on October 16, 2012, near Hollis Center and Waterboro in southwestern Maine surprised and startled local residents but caused only minor damage. A two-person U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) team was sent to Maine to conduct an intensity survey and document the damage. The only damage we observed was the failure of a chimney and plaster cracks in two buildings in East and North Waterboro, 6 kilometers (km) west of the epicenter. We photographed the damage and interviewed residents to determine the intensity distribution in the epicentral area. The damage and shaking reports are consistent with a maximum Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of 5–6 for an area 1–8 km west of the epicenter, slightly higher than the maximum Community Decimal Intensity (CDI) of 5 determined by the USGS “Did You Feel It?” Web site. The area of strong shaking in East Waterboro corresponds to updip rupture on a fault plane that dips steeply east.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161071","usgsCitation":"Radakovich, A.L., Ferguson, A.J., and Boatwright, John, 2016, Field survey of earthquake effects from the magnitude 4.0 southern Maine earthquake of October 16, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1071, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161071. ","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046067","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1071/ofr20161071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1071"},{"id":322067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1071/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
Mapping in the Morena Reservoir 7.5-minute quadrangle began in 1980, when the Hauser Wilderness Area, which straddles the Morena Reservoir and Barrett Lake quadrangles, was mapped for the U.S. Forest Service. Mapping was completed in 1993–1994. The Morena Reservoir quadrangle contains part of a regional-scale Late Jurassic(?) to Early Cretaceous tectonic suture that coincides with the western limit of Jurassic metagranites in this part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith (PRB). This suture, and a nearly coincident map unit consisting of metamorphosed Cretaceous and Jurassic back-arc basinal volcanic and sedimentary rocks (unit KJvs), mark the boundary between western, predominantly metavolcanic rocks, and eastern, mainly metasedimentary, rocks. The suture is intruded and truncated by the western margin of middle to Late Cretaceous Granite Mountain and La Posta plutons of the eastern zone of the batholith.
","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9550","usgsCitation":"Todd, V.R., 2016, Geologic map of the Morena Reservoir 7.5-minute quadrangle, San Diego County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95–50, 12 p., scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr9550.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 12 p.; 1 Plate: 32.74 x 30.79 inches; Metadata; Read Me; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399099,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_104275.htm"},{"id":321428,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0050/ofr95-50_MorenaRes_metadata.txt","text":"Morena Reservoir metadata","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 95-50 Metadata TXT"},{"id":321427,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0050/ofr95-50_MorenaRes_metadata.htm","text":"Morena Reservoir metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 95-50 Metadata HTML"},{"id":321426,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0050/ofr95-50_MorenaRes_README.txt","text":"Morena Reservoir read me","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 95-50 Read Me"},{"id":321425,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0050/ofr95-50_MorenaRes_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 95-50 Pamphlet"},{"id":321424,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0050/ofr95-50_MorenaRes_plate.pdf","text":"Morena Reservoir plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 95-50 Plate"},{"id":321429,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0050/ofr95-50_DATABASE.zip","text":"Morena Reservoir database","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 95-50 Database"},{"id":321423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0050/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Morena Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.625,\n 32.625\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 32.625\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -116.625,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -116.625,\n 32.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Tucson
U.S. Geological Survey
520 North Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/
North American migratory shorebirds have declined markedly since the 1980s, underscoring the importance of population surveys to conduct status and trend assessments. Shorebird surveys were conducted during three multi-year periods between 1985 and 2014 and used to assess changes in numbers and species composition at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico, USA, a site of regional importance in the eastern Caribbean. Eight fewer species (total = 21) were recorded in 2013–2014 as compared to the 29 from 1985–1992; all eight species were Nearctic migrants. Small calidrids had the highest population counts; however, this suite of species and all others experienced a ≥ 70% decline. Combined counts from the salt flats and neighboring wetlands in 2013–2014 were lower than counts only from the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats in two previous multi-year survey periods, which indicated a real change in numbers not just a shift in wetland use. Invertebrate prey density was lower in 2013–2014 than in 1994. Body fat condition of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), an index of habitat quality, did not differ between 1985–1992 and 2013–2014. These findings do not exclude the possibility that other species might be affected by lower prey density, or that local declines in numbers reflect changes at hemispheric, not local, scales. The magnitude of change between local and hemispheric scales closely matched for some species. Continued monitoring at the salt flats is warranted to help gauge the status of shorebirds in Puerto Rico and discern the probable cause of declines. Monitoring other sites in the Caribbean is needed for stronger inferences about regional status and trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.039.0213","usgsCitation":"Parks, M.A., Collazo, J., Colon, J.A., Ramos Alvarez, K.R., and Diaz, O., 2016, Change in numbers of resident and migratory shorebirds at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico, USA (1985–2014): Waterbirds, v. 39, no. 2, p. 209-214, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.039.0213.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"214","ipdsId":"IP-070135","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.21641540527344,\n 17.928109247721633\n ],\n [\n -67.21641540527344,\n 18.061659495798455\n ],\n [\n -67.05162048339844,\n 18.061659495798455\n ],\n [\n -67.05162048339844,\n 17.928109247721633\n ],\n [\n -67.21641540527344,\n 17.928109247721633\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dee4b077fc20250e10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, Morgan A.","contributorId":177347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parks","given":"Morgan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colon, Jose A.","contributorId":177349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colon","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramos Alvarez, Katsi R.","contributorId":177348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramos Alvarez","given":"Katsi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diaz, Oscar","contributorId":177350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diaz","given":"Oscar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70171203,"text":"ofr20161083 - 2016 - Purgeable organic compounds at or near the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T09:07:13","indexId":"ofr20161083","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1083","title":"Purgeable organic compounds at or near the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2015","docAbstract":"During 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected groundwater samples from 31 wells at or near the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) at the Idaho National Laboratory for purgeable organic compounds (POCs). The samples were collected and analyzed for the purpose of evaluating whether purge water from wells located inside an areal polygon established downgradient of the INTEC must be treated as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act listed waste.
POC concentrations in water samples from 29 of 31 wells completed in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer were greater than their detection limit, determined from detection and quantitation calculation software, for at least one to four POCs. Of the 29 wells with concentrations greater than their detection limits, only 20 had concentrations greater than the laboratory reporting limit as calculated with detection and quantitation calculation software. None of the concentrations exceeded any maximum contaminant levels established for public drinking water supplies. Most commonly detected compounds were 1,1,1-trichoroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, and trichloroethene.
","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161083","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22238Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov
Late Holocene volcanism at Medicine Lake volcano in the southern Cascades arc exhibited widespread and compositionally diverse magmatism ranging from basalt to rhyolite. Nine well-characterized eruptions have taken place at this very large rear-arc volcano since 5,200 years ago, an eruptive frequency greater than nearly all other Cascade volcanoes. The lavas are widely distributed, scattered over an area of ~300 km2 across the >2,000-km2 volcano. The eruptions are radiocarbon dated and the ages are also constrained by paleomagnetic data that provide strong evidence that the volcanic activity occurred in three distinct episodes at ~1 ka, ~3 ka, and ~5 ka. The ~1-ka final episode produced a variety of compositions including west- and north-flank mafic flows interspersed in time with fissure rhyolites erupted tangential to the volcano’s central caldera, including the youngest and most spectacular lava flow at the volcano, the ~950-yr-old compositionally zoned Glass Mountain flow. At ~3 ka, a north-flank basalt eruption was followed by an andesite eruption 27 km farther south that contains quenched basalt inclusions. The ~5-ka episode produced two caldera-focused dacitic eruptions. Quenched magmatic inclusions record evidence of intrusions that did not independently reach the surface. The inclusions are present in five andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic host lavas, and were erupted in each of the three episodes. Compositional and mineralogic evidence from mafic lavas and inclusions indicate that both tholeiitic (dry) and calcalkaline (wet) parental magmas were present. Petrologic evidence records the operation of complex, multi-stage processes including fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation, and magma mixing. Experimental evidence suggests that magmas were stored at 3 to 6 km depth prior to eruption, and that both wet and dry parental magmas were involved in generating the more silicic magmas. The broad distribution of eruptive events and the relative accessibility and good exposure of lavas, combined with physical and petrologic evidence for multiple and varied mafic inputs, has created an unusual opportunity to understand the workings of this large magmatic system. A combined total of more than 25 intrusive and extrusive events are indicated for late Holocene time. Plutonic inclusions, some with ages as young as Holocene, were also brought to the surface in five of the eruptions. All eruptions took place along northwest- to northeast-trending alignments of vents, reflecting the overall east-west extensional tectonic environment. The interaction of tectonism and volcanism is a dominant influence at this subduction-related volcano, located where the west edge of the extensional Basin and Range Province impinges on the Cascades arc. Ongoing subsidence focused at the central caldera has been documented along with geophysical evidence for a small magma body. This evidence, combined with the frequency of eruptive and intrusive activity in late Holocene time, an active geothermal system, and intermittent long-period seismic events indicate that the volcano is likely to erupt again.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1822","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Champion, D.E., and Grove, T.L., 2016, Late Holocene volcanism at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California Cascades: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1822, 59 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1822.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 59 p.; Tables 1-3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055982","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321257,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/pp1822.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP1822"},{"id":321258,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/pp1822_table1.xls","text":"Table 1","size":"411 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP1822 Table 1"},{"id":321259,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/pp1822_table2.xls","text":"Table 2","size":"63 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP1822 Table 2"},{"id":321260,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/pp1822_table3.pdf","text":"Table 3","size":"132 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP1822 Table 3"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Medicine Lake Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 41.35413387210046\n ],\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 41.71700538790365\n ],\n [\n -121.3385009765625,\n 41.71700538790365\n ],\n [\n -121.3385009765625,\n 41.35413387210046\n ],\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 41.35413387210046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/
General circulation model (GCM) simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP, 3.264 to 3.025 Myr ago) do not reproduce the magnitude of Northern Hemisphere high latitude surface air and sea surface temperature (SAT and SST) warming that proxy data indicate. There is also large uncertainty regarding the state of sea ice cover in the mPWP. Evidence for both perennial and seasonal mPWP Arctic sea ice is found through analyses of marine sediments, whilst in a multi-model ensemble of mPWP climate simulations, half of the ensemble simulated ice-free summer Arctic conditions. Given the strong influence that sea ice exerts on high latitude temperatures, an understanding of the nature of mPWP Arctic sea ice would be highly beneficial.
\nUsing the HadCM3 GCM, this paper explores the impact of various combinations of potential mPWP orbital forcing, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and minimum sea ice albedo on sea ice extent and high latitude warming. The focus is on the Northern Hemisphere, due to availability of proxy data, and the large data–model discrepancies in this region. Changes in orbital forcings are demonstrated to be sufficient to alter the Arctic sea ice simulated by HadCM3 from perennial to seasonal. However, this occurs only when atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceed 300 ppm. Reduction of the minimum sea ice albedo from 0.5 to 0.2 is also sufficient to simulate seasonal sea ice, with any of the combinations of atmospheric CO2 and orbital forcing. Compared to a mPWP control simulation, monthly mean increases north of 60°N of up to 4.2 °C (SST) and 9.8 °C (SAT) are simulated.
\nWith varying CO2, orbit and sea ice albedo values we are able to reproduce proxy temperature records that lean towards modest levels of high latitude warming, but other proxy data showing greater warming remain beyond the reach of our model. This highlights the importance of additional proxy records at high latitudes and ongoing efforts to compare proxy signals between sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"North-Holland Pub. Co.","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.036","usgsCitation":"Howell, F.W., Haywood, A.M., Dowsett, H.J., and Pickering, S.J., 2016, Sensitivity of Pliocene Arctic climate to orbital forcing, atmospheric CO2 and sea ice albedo parameterisation: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 441, p. 133-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"142","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073169","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"441","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5793444ae4b0eb1ce79e8c10","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.036","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.036","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Howell Fergus W., Haywood Alan M., Dowsett Harry J., Pickering Steven J.","journalName":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","publicationDate":"5/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, Fergus W.","contributorId":173110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howell","given":"Fergus","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haywood, Alan M.","contributorId":86663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pickering, Steven J.","contributorId":147378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pickering","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170166,"text":"pp1825 - 2016 - Conditions and processes affecting sand resources at archeological sites in the Colorado River corridor below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T17:19:42","indexId":"pp1825","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-17T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1825","title":"Conditions and processes affecting sand resources at archeological sites in the Colorado River corridor below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona","docAbstract":"This study examined links among fluvial, aeolian, and hillslope geomorphic processes that affect archeological sites and surrounding landscapes in the Colorado River corridor downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. We assessed the potential for Colorado River sediment to enhance the preservation of river-corridor archeological resources through aeolian sand deposition or mitigation of gully erosion. By identifying locally prevailing wind directions, locations of modern sandbars, and likely aeolian-transport barriers, we determined that relatively few archeological sites are now ideally situated to receive aeolian sand supply from sandbars deposited by recent controlled floods. Whereas three-fourths of the 358 river-corridor archeological sites we examined include Colorado River sediment as an integral component of their geomorphic context, only 32 sites currently appear to have a high degree of connectivity (coupled interactions) between modern fluvial sandbars and sand-dominated landscapes downwind. This represents a substantial decrease from past decades, as determined by aerial-photograph analysis. Thus, we infer that recent controlled floods have had a limited, and declining, influence on archeological-site preservation.
\nWithin the study area, overland-flow (gully) erosion is less severe in sand landscapes with active aeolian sand than in landscapes that lack aeolian transport; gullies terminate more commonly in active sand (sand that is mobile by wind rather than stabilized by biologic soil crust). We infer that these characteristics largely result from aeolian sand transport being an effective gully-limiting and gully-annealing mechanism. Aeolian sand activity in the river corridor varies substantially as a function of reach morphology and dominant wind direction relative to the river-corridor orientation, factors that control accommodation space for river-derived sand and the modern sand supply to aeolian dunes. These attributes, together with an inverse correlation between aeolian sand activity and gully occurrence, define varying degrees of net long-term gully-erosion risk for sediment deposits and associated archeological sites in different regions of the river corridor. Over most of the river corridor, including some of the archeologically richest regions, sand is too inactive with respect to aeolian transport to anneal gullies effectively. At eight selected archeological sites that we studied with high-resolution terrestrial lidar scans for more than a year, sand loss by overland flow (gully erosion) and aeolian deflation generally exceeded deposition, such that erosion dominated over most monitoring intervals—even at four sites with strong connectivity to modern sand supply.
\nThe Glen Canyon reach of the river corridor appears especially vulnerable to gully erosion. Among the sites that we monitored in detail, erosion generally dominated over deposition to a greater degree at four Glen Canyon sites with no modern sand supply than at four Marble–Grand Canyon sites with aeolian sand supply from controlled-flood sandbars. Although gross annual-scale erosion rates were similar among the Glen Canyon sites and among the Marble–Grand Canyon sites, a relative lack of depositional processes led to greater net erosion at the Glen Canyon sites. Having found no differences in weather patterns to suggest greater erosive forcing in Glen Canyon, and no conclusively influential differences in the slope or watershed area contributing to gully formation, we attribute the greater erosion at the Glen Canyon sites to a combination of inherent geomorphic context (high terraces that do not receive modern sediment supply) and pronounced effects of postdam sediment-supply limitation.
\nWe conclude that most of the river-corridor archeological sites are at elevated risk of net erosion under present dam operations. In the present flow regime, controlled floods do not simulate the magnitude or frequency of natural floods, and are not large enough to deposit sand at elevations that were flooded at annual to decadal intervals in predam time. For archeological sites that depend upon river-derived sand, we infer elevated erosion risk owing to a combination of reduced sand supply (both fluvial and aeolian) through (1) the lower-than-natural flood magnitude, frequency, and sediment supply of the controlled-flooding protocol; (2) reduction of open, dry sand area available for wind redistribution under current normal (nonflood) dam operations, which do not include flows as low as natural seasonal low flows and do include substantial daily flow fluctuations; and (3) impeded aeolian sand entrainment and transport owing to increased riparian vegetation growth in the absence of larger, more-frequent floods. If dam operations were to increase the supply of sand available for windblown transport—for example, through larger floods, sediment augmentation, or increased fluvial sandbar exposure by low flows—and also decrease riparian vegetation, the prevalence of active aeolian sand could increase over time, and the propensity for unmitigated gully erosion could decrease. Although the evolution of river-corridor landscapes and archeological sites has been altered fundamentally by the lack of large, sediment-rich floods (flows on the order of 5,000 m3/s), some combination of sediment-rich flows above 1,270 m3/s, seasonal flows below 226 m3/s, and riparian-vegetation removal might increase the preservation potential for sand-dependent archeological resources in the Colorado River corridor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1825","usgsCitation":"East, A.E., Collins, B.D., Sankey, J.B., Corbett, S.C., Fairley, H.C., and Caster, J., 2016, Conditions and processes affecting sand resources at archeological sites in the Colorado River corridor below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1825, 104 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1825.","productDescription":"ix, 104 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066266","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1825/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321262,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1825/pp1825.pdf","text":"Report","size":"30.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP1825"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River corridor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.555,\n 37.05\n ],\n [\n -114.555,\n 35.45\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 35.45\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 37.05\n ],\n [\n -114.555,\n 37.05\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"SBSC Staff, Southwest Biological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/