{"pageNumber":"111","pageRowStart":"2750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":36989,"records":[{"id":70004937,"text":"ofr20111172 - 2011 - Habitat diversity in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico: Selected video clips from the Gulfstream Natural Gas Pipeline digital archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111172","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1172","title":"Habitat diversity in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico: Selected video clips from the Gulfstream Natural Gas Pipeline digital archive","docAbstract":"This project combines underwater video with maps and descriptions to illustrate diverse seafloor habitats from Tampa Bay, Florida, to Mobile Bay, Alabama. A swath of seafloor was surveyed with underwater video to 100 meters (m) water depth in 1999 and 2000 as part of the Gulfstream Natural Gas System Survey. \r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in St. Petersburg, Florida, in cooperation with Eckerd College and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), produced an archive of analog-to-digital underwater movies. Representative clips of seafloor habitats were selected from hundreds of hours of underwater footage. The locations of video clips were mapped to show the distribution of habitat and habitat transitions. \r\n\r\nThe numerous benthic habitats in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico play a vital role in the region's economy, providing essential resources for tourism, natural gas, recreational water sports (fishing, boating, scuba diving), materials, fresh food, energy, a source of sand for beach renourishment, and more. These submerged natural resources are important to the economy but are often invisible to the general public. \r\n\r\nThis product provides a glimpse of the seafloor with sample underwater video, maps, and habitat descriptions. It was developed to depict the range and location of seafloor habitats in the region but is limited by depth and by the survey track. It should not be viewed as comprehensive, but rather as a point of departure for inquiries and appreciation of marine resources and seafloor habitats. Further information is provided in the Resources section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111172","usgsCitation":"Raabe, E.A., D’Anjou, R., Pope, D.K., and Robbins, L.L., 2011, Habitat diversity in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico: Selected video clips from the Gulfstream Natural Gas Pipeline digital archive: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1172, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111172.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":600,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1172.bmp"},{"id":24426,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida;Alabama;Mississippi;Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,27 ], [ -88,30.5 ], [ -82,30.5 ], [ -82,27 ], [ -88,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64940e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raabe, Ellen A. eraabe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","email":"eraabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Anjou, Robert","contributorId":7827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Anjou","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, Domonique K.","contributorId":42339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Domonique","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004928,"text":"ofr20111166 - 2011 - Environmental flow allocation and statistics calculator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20111166","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1166","title":"Environmental flow allocation and statistics calculator","docAbstract":"The Environmental Flow Allocation and Statistics Calculator (EFASC) is a computer program that calculates hydrologic statistics based on a time series of daily streamflow values. EFASC will calculate statistics for daily streamflow in an input file or will generate synthetic daily flow series from an input file based on rules for allocating and protecting streamflow and then calculate statistics for the synthetic time series. The program reads dates and daily streamflow values from input files. The program writes statistics out to a series of worksheets and text files. Multiple sites can be processed in series as one run. EFASC is written in MicrosoftRegistered Visual BasicCopyright for Applications and implemented as a macro in MicrosoftOffice Excel 2007Registered. EFASC is intended as a research tool for users familiar with computer programming. The code for EFASC is provided so that it can be modified for specific applications. All users should review how output statistics are calculated and recognize that the algorithms may not comply with conventions used to calculate streamflow statistics published by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111166","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., 2011, Environmental flow allocation and statistics calculator: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1166, iii, 20 p.; Appendix; XLSM Download of Environmental Flow Allocation and Statistics Calculator; XLSM Download of Verification File; TXT Download of Verification File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111166.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.; Appendix; XLSM Download of Environmental Flow Allocation and Statistics Calculator; XLSM Download of Verification File; TXT Download of Verification File","startPage":"i","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1166.bmp"},{"id":24419,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004898,"text":"ofr20111130 - 2011 - USGS library for S-PLUS for Windows -- Release 4.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:29:04","indexId":"ofr20111130","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1130","title":"USGS library for S-PLUS for Windows -- Release 4.0","docAbstract":"Release 4.0 of the U.S. Geological Survey S-PLUS library supercedes release 2.1. It comprises functions, dialogs, and datasets used in the U.S. Geological Survey for the analysis of water-resources data. This version does not contain ESTREND, which was in version 2.1. See Release 2.1 for information and access to that version.\n\nThis library requires Release 8.1 or later of S-PLUS for Windows. S-PLUS is a commercial statistical and graphical analysis software package produced by TIBCO corporation(http://www.tibco.com/).\n\nThe USGS library is not supported by TIBCO or its technical support staff.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111130","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D.L., Ahearn, E.A., Carter, J.M., Cohn, T., Danchuk, W.J., Frey, J.W., Helsel, D., Lee, K., Leeth, D.C., Martin, J.D., McGuire, V.L., Neitzert, K.M., Robertson, D.M., Slack, J.R., Starn, J., Vecchia, A.V., Wilkison, D.H., and Williamson, J., 2011, USGS library for S-PLUS for Windows -- Release 4.0 (4.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1130, HTML Document; ZIP Download of S-Plus, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111130.","productDescription":"HTML Document; ZIP Download of S-Plus","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1130.bmp"},{"id":24399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/software/S-PLUS/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"4.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fc25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Danchuk, Wendy J.","contributorId":58152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchuk","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frey, Jeffrey W. 0000-0002-3453-5009 jwfrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-5009","contributorId":487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwfrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Slack, James R.","contributorId":43778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Starn, J. Jeffrey 0000-0001-5909-0010 jjstarn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-0010","contributorId":1916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"J. 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,{"id":70004885,"text":"ofr20111154 - 2011 - Coastal circulation and water-column properties off Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Molokai, Hawaii, 2008-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T21:05:46.534445","indexId":"ofr20111154","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1154","title":"Coastal circulation and water-column properties off Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Molokai, Hawaii, 2008-2010","docAbstract":"More than 2.2 million measurements of oceanographic forcing and the resulting water-column properties were made off U.S. National Park Service's Kalaupapa National Historical Park on the north shore of Molokai, Hawaii, between 2008 and 2010 to understand the role of oceanographic processes on the health and sustainability of the area's marine resources. The tides off the Kalaupapa Peninsula are mixed semidiurnal. The wave climate is dominated by two end-members: large northwest Pacific winter swell that directly impacts the study site, and smaller, shorter-period northeast trade-wind waves that have to refract around the peninsula, resulting in a more northerly direction before propagating over the study site. The currents primarily are alongshore and are faster at the surface than close to the seabed; large wave events, however, tend to drive flow in a more cross-shore orientation. The tidal currents flood to the north and ebb to the south. The waters off the peninsula appear to be a mix of cooler, more saline, deeper oceanic waters and shallow, warmer, lower-salinity nearshore waters, with intermittent injections of freshwater, generally during the winters. Overall, the turbidity levels were low, except during large wave events. The low overall turbidity levels and rapid return to pre-event background levels following the cessation of forcing suggest that there is little fine-grained material. Large wave events likely inhibit the settlement of fine-grained sediment at the site. A number of phenomena were observed that indicate the complexity of coastal circulation and water-column properties in the area and may help scientists and resource managers to better understand the implications of the processes on marine ecosystem health.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111154","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Presto, K., and Brown, E.K., 2011, Coastal circulation and water-column properties off Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Molokai, Hawaii, 2008-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1154, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111154.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1154.gif"},{"id":395095,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95318.htm"},{"id":24396,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Molokai","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.99119567871094,\n              21.179289725795993\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.94622039794922,\n              21.179289725795993\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.94622039794922,\n              21.218020722389472\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.99119567871094,\n              21.218020722389472\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.99119567871094,\n              21.179289725795993\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Presto, Katherine","contributorId":88471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Eric K.","contributorId":41956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004872,"text":"ofr20111003 - 2011 - Combined multibeam and LIDAR bathymetry data from eastern Long Island Sound and westernmost Block Island Sound-A regional perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"ofr20111003","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1003","title":"Combined multibeam and LIDAR bathymetry data from eastern Long Island Sound and westernmost Block Island Sound-A regional perspective","docAbstract":"Detailed bathymetric maps of the sea floor in Long Island Sound are of great interest to the Connecticut and New York research and management communities because of this estuary's ecological, recreational, and commercial importance. The completed, geologically interpreted digital terrain models (DTMs), ranging in area from 12 to 293 square kilometers, provide important benthic environmental information, yet many applications require a geographically broader perspective. For example, individual surveys are of limited use for the planning and construction of cross-sound infrastructure, such as cables and pipelines, or for the testing of regional circulation models. To address this need, we integrated 12 multibeam and 2 LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) contiguous bathymetric DTMs, produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration during charting operations, into one dataset that covers much of eastern Long Island Sound and extends into westernmost Block Island Sound. The new dataset is adjusted to mean lower low water, is gridded to 4-meter resolution, and is provided in UTM Zone 18 NAD83 and geographic WGS84 projections. This resolution is adequate for sea floor-feature and process interpretation but is small enough to be queried and manipulated with standard Geographic Information System programs and to allow for future growth. Natural features visible in the grid include exposed bedrock outcrops, boulder lag deposits of submerged moraines, sand-wave fields, and scour depressions that reflect the strength of the oscillating and asymmetric tidal currents. Bedform asymmetry allows interpretations of net sediment transport. Anthropogenic artifacts visible in the bathymetric data include a dredged channel, shipwrecks, dredge spoils, mooring anchors, prop-scour depressions, buried cables, and bridge footings. Together the merged data reveal a larger, more continuous perspective of bathymetric topography than previously available, providing a fundamental framework for research and resource management activities in this major east-coast estuary.","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111003","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Danforth, W.W., McMullen, K., Parker, C.E., and Doran, E.F., 2011, Combined multibeam and LIDAR bathymetry data from eastern Long Island Sound and westernmost Block Island Sound-A regional perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1003, HTML Page, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111003.","productDescription":"HTML Page","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1003.png"},{"id":24384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-72.64578435384327, 41.21420149913303], [-72.4009181372618, 41.21869445723546], [-72.34196176021061, 41.23431022624995], [-72.34190696803863, 41.262582986991944], [-72.3244830573488, 41.257596899341706], [-72.30026491733334, 41.27606186129919], [-72.25999267092757, 41.28055481940162], [-72.24503440797686, 41.29847185963929], [-72.22481609651601, 41.29666371796391], [-72.22103543664933, 41.30937550186342], [-72.21955604800584, 41.29337618764508], [-72.20448820071117, 41.28625320528759], [-72.2032827729276, 41.31255344783832], [-72.1848178109701, 41.32762129513297], [-72.17533876521745, 41.32679941255328], [-72.16744869245224, 41.30570442634073], [-72.15035353479428, 41.31551222512526], [-72.14761392619523, 41.32548440042575], [-72.14394285067254, 41.30274564905378], [-72.11249214395565, 41.29891019701514], [-72.09030131430347, 41.31551222512526], [-72.08843695748531, 41.32339903350462], [-72.0998899444001, 41.336935964369715], [-72.09210945597884, 41.34438769975909], [-72.09923243833633, 41.34937378740931], [-72.08597273271701, 41.367729165022844], [-72.07868537384358, 41.32838838554074], [-72.06652151166386, 41.31529305643735], [-72.05550828509575, 41.31748474331659], [-72.0551755981885, 41.3286508270778], [-72.0526042999808, 41.318306625896305], [-72.04367317594794, 41.322909168342676], [-72.03539955797886, 41.33622366613397], [-72.03682415445036, 41.323731050922376], [-72.0466319532349, 41.32016955974362], [-72.0347420519151, 41.31271782435429], [-72.01589354475375, 41.32258041531079], [-72.01161975533925, 41.30712902281224], [-72.00526386338949, 41.30636193240452], [-71.9995654775035, 41.31737515897261], [-71.99940110098754, 41.301649805614176], [-72.01331831267065, 41.30038958565863], [-72.01320872832669, 41.28619841311561], [-71.99929151664361, 41.28817093130693], [-71.99457938985327, 41.26992513803737], [-72.0077295111286, 41.26017213142484], [-72.0126060144349, 41.26384320694752], [-72.00729117375278, 41.27085660496103], [-72.020824840232, 41.276116653471206], [-72.02235902104745, 41.262254233960086], [-72.02871491299722, 41.263459661743646], [-72.03854491854008, 41.24899862455118], [-72.0029077999943, 41.25261081169149], [-71.99123706736245, 41.260994014004524], [-71.99918193229963, 41.24756993186928], [-71.99923672447161, 41.19354485029635], [-72.1901326516522, 41.189764190429685], [-72.21226868913239, 41.17825783431373], [-72.20777573102997, 41.17086089109635], [-72.21298098736813, 41.16346394787899], [-72.2682662888966, 41.15502595339394], [-72.28486831700674, 41.159628495840316], [-72.32311325304923, 41.14012248261521], [-72.35450916759413, 41.14072519650701], [-72.38990491069363, 41.103959649107956], [-72.65044168846163, 41.106206128159165], [-72.65126357104135, 41.11749331558719], [-72.65729070995921, 41.11743852341521], [-72.65093481800946, 41.118369990338884], [-72.65082523366549, 41.153108227374624], [-72.64512684777951, 41.15886140543259], [-72.64578435384327, 41.21420149913303]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-72.65729070995921, 41.10330214304421, -71.99112748301849, 41.367729165022844], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091921\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":28684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":351535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70004843,"text":"ofr20111164 - 2011 - Macondo-1 well oil in sediment and tarballs from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111164","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1164","title":"Macondo-1 well oil in sediment and tarballs from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline","docAbstract":"From April 20 through July 15, 2010, an estimated 4.4 million barrels (1 barrel = 42 gallons [~700,000 cu m]) of crude oil spilled into the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) from the ruptured British Petroleum (BP) Macondo-1 (M-1) well after the explosion of the drilling platform Deepwater Horizon. In addition, ~1.84 million gallons (~7,000 cu m) of hydrocarbon-based Corexit dispersants were applied to the oil both on and below the sea surface (Operational Science Advisory Team, 2010). An estimate of the total extent of the surface oil slick, derived from wind, ocean currents, aerial photography, and satellite imagery, was 68,000 square miles (~180,000 sq km; Amos and Norse, 2010). Spilled oil from this event impacted sensitive habitat along the shores of the nGOM.\n\nIn response to this environmental catastrophe, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected coastal sediment and tarball samples along the shores of the nGOM from Texas to Florida before and after oil made landfall. These sites included priority areas of the nGOM at highest risk for oil contamination. These areas included coastal wetlands, shorelines, and barrier islands that could suffer severe environmental damage if a significant amount of oil came ashore.\n\nSamples were collected before oil reached land from 69 sites; 49 were revisited to collect samples after oil landfall. This poster focuses on the samples from locations that were sampled on both occasions. The USGS samples and one M-1 well-oil sample provided by BP were analyzed for a suite of diagnostic geochemical biomarkers. Aided by multivariate statistical analysis, the M-1 well oil was not detected in the samples collected before landfall but have been identified in sediment and tarballs collected from Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida after landfall. None of the sediment hydrocarbon extracts from Texas correlated with the M-1 well oil. Oil-impacted sediment is confined to the shoreline adjacent to the cumulative oil slick of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and no impact was observed outside of this area. Incorporation of the analytical data in geographical information systems (GIS) offers querying capabilities and visualizations such as those demonstrated here.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111164","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., Rosenbauer, R.J., Campbell, P.L., Lam, A., Lorenson, T., Hostettler, F.D., and Thomas, B., 2011, Macondo-1 well oil in sediment and tarballs from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1164, Poster; 1 Sheet: 60.00 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111164.","productDescription":"Poster; 1 Sheet: 60.00 x 36.00 inches","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1164.gif"},{"id":24363,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,27.5 ], [ -96,31.5 ], [ -82,31.5 ], [ -82,27.5 ], [ -96,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Pamela L.","contributorId":76719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lam, Angela","contributorId":37312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lam","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thomas, Burt","contributorId":95454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Burt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70004862,"text":"ofr20111087 - 2011 - Composition and relative abundance of fish species in the lower White Salmon River, Washington, prior to the removal of Condit Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:26:29","indexId":"ofr20111087","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1087","title":"Composition and relative abundance of fish species in the lower White Salmon River, Washington, prior to the removal of Condit Dam","docAbstract":"<p>Information about the composition and relative abundance of fish species was collected by a rotary screw trap and backpack electrofishing in the lower White Salmon River, Washington. The information was collected downstream of Condit Dam, which is at river kilometer (rkm) 5.2, and is proposed for removal in October 2011. A rotary screw trap was installed in the White Salmon River at rkm 1.5 and operated from March through June during 2006–09. All captured fish were identified to species and enumerated. Daily subsets of fish were weighed, measured, and fin clipped for a genetic analysis by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.</p><ul><li>Fall Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) were captured in the highest numbers (n=18, 640), and were composed of two stocks: tule and upriver bright. Almost all captured fall Chinook salmon were age-0, with only 16 (0.09 percent) being age-1 or older.</li><li>Tule fall Chinook salmon, the native stock, generally out-migrated from mid-March through early April. The tule stock was the more abundant fall Chinook salmon subspecies, comprising 85 percent of those captured in the trap.</li><li>Upriver bright fall Chinook salmon comprised 15 percent of the Chinook salmon catch and generally out-migrated from late May to early June.</li><li>Coho salmon (<i> kisutch</i>) and steelhead trout (<i>O. mykiss</i>) were captured by the rotary screw trap in all years. Coho salmon were caught in low numbers (n=661) and 69 percent were age-0 fish. Steelhead were slightly more abundant (n=679) than coho salmon and 84 percent were age-1 or older fish.</li></ul><p>Trap efficiency estimates varied widely (range, 0-10 percent) by species, fish size, and time of year. However, if we use only the estimates from efficiency tests where more than 300 wild age-0 Chinook salmon were released, there was a mean trapping efficiency of 1.4 percent (n=4, median, 1.3 percent, range, 0.3–2.4 percent) during the tule out-migration period, and a mean trapping efficiency of 0.8 percent (n=2, range, 0.3–1.2 percent) during the upriver bright fall Chinook salmon out-migration period.</p><p>When water levels in the White Salmon River declined in late summer, we electrofished the river margins in 2006–09 along three sites at rkm 1.5, 2.3, and 4.2. Age-0 steelhead were the most abundant fish captured (n=565, 62 percent), followed by age-0 coho salmon (n=222, 24 percent). In autumn, age-0 Chinook salmon were collected while electrofishing (n=40, 4 percent). This suggests that there may be a migration in the autumn as age-0 Chinook salmon or in the spring as age-1 Chinook salmon, since the Chinook salmon that migrate as age-0 fish in the spring departed several months earlier (the typical life history for fall Chinook salmon). The only age-1 salmonids captured while electrofishing were steelhead (n=84, 9 percent). Fish distribution and abundance will likely change when Condit Dam is removed and anadromous fish gain access to their historical spawning and rearing areas in the White Salmon River. These findings should provide a baseline with which to compare juvenile fish species composition and relative abundance after Condit Dam is removed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Renton, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, M.B., and Connolly, P., 2011, Composition and relative abundance of fish species in the lower White Salmon River, Washington, prior to the removal of Condit Dam: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1087, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111087.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1087.jpg"},{"id":352714,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1087/pdf/ofr20111087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":24379,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"White Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,46 ], [ -124,49 ], [ -117,49 ], [ -117,46 ], [ -124,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, M. Brady","contributorId":18874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004727,"text":"ofr20111106 - 2011 - A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation, isotopic composition of endogenic carbonate, and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"ofr20111106","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1106","title":"A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation, isotopic composition of endogenic carbonate, and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Little Shingobee Lake and Fen are part of an extensive network of lakes and wetlands in the Shingobee River headwaters area of northwestern Minnesota. Prior to about 9800 radiocarbon years, most of the lakes in the Shingobee watershed area were interconnected to form glacial Lake Willobee. From 9800 to 7700 radiocarbon years, the level of Lake Willobee fell as a result of breaching of a dam, leaving small separated basins containing the existing lakes and wetlands. \n\nThe dominant components in the sediments in a 9-meter core from Little Shingobee Lake (LSL-B), and lacustrine sediments under 3.3 meters of peat in a 17-meter core from Little Shingobee Fen (LSF-10) are detrital clastic material, endogenic CaCO<sub>3</sub>, and organic matter. The detrital fraction in the Holocene section in core LSL-B varies considerably from 7 weight percent to 82 weight percent and closely parallels the concentration of detrital quartz measured by X-ray diffraction. The CaCO<sub>3</sub> concentration, which also varies considerably from 10 weight percent to 70 weight percent, is generally antithetic to the detrital concentration owing to the dilution of detrital material by CaCO<sub>3</sub>, particularly during the early to middle Holocene (about 9000-6500 calendar years). The organic-matter content varies from 5 weight percent to 25 weight percent and, together with CaCO<sub>3</sub>, serves to dilute the allogenic detrital fraction.\n\nIn both cores almost all of the iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) is in endogenic minerals, presumed to be oxyhydroxide minerals, that are important components throughout the core; little Fe and Mn are contributed by detrital aluminosilicate minerals. The endogenic Fe mineral, calculated as Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>, forms a larger percentage of the sediment than endogenic organic material throughout most of the Holocene section in the LSL-B core and in the lacustrine sediments below the peat in the LSF-10 core. Biogenic silica as opal (biopal; diatom debris) was not measured, but the average calculated biopal is 5 percent in the LSL-B core and 15.5 percent in the LSF-10 core. \n\nValues of delta<sup>18</sup>O in mollusk (Pisidium) and ostracode shells increase by only about 20 per mil from the bottom to the top of the LSL-B core (about 12600-2200 calendar years). The remarkably constant oxygen-isotope composition throughout the Holocene suggests that environmental conditions affecting values of delta<sup>18</sup>O (temperature, salinity, composition of the water, composition of precipitation) did not change greatly. Values of delta<sup>13</sup>C in carbonate shells generally decreased by about 2 per mil from 9000 calendar years to 6000 calendar years, but they did not increase in organic carbon. This mid-Holocene increase in delta<sup>13</sup>C in shells but not in organic carbon is likely due to an increase in residence time. A late Pleistocene forest dominated by spruce was replaced in the early Holocene by a pine forest. The pine forest migrated east during the middle Holocene and was replaced by an open sagebrush-oak savanna. The western migration of forests into northwestern Minnesota is marked first by a hardwood forest and finally a pine forest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111106","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Doner, L.A., 2011, A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation, isotopic composition of endogenic carbonate, and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1106, v, 41 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111106.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.; Downloads Directory","startPage":"i","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1106.png"},{"id":21937,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4959e4b0b290850ef14f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doner, Lisa A.","contributorId":38701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doner","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004755,"text":"ofr20111090 - 2011 - Movement of bull trout in the upper Jarbidge River watershed, Idaho and Nevada, 2008-09--A supplement to Open-File Report 2010-1033","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:29:05","indexId":"ofr20111090","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1090","title":"Movement of bull trout in the upper Jarbidge River watershed, Idaho and Nevada, 2008-09--A supplement to Open-File Report 2010-1033","docAbstract":"<p>We monitored bull trout (<i>Salvelinus confluentus</i>) in 2008 and 2009 as a continuation of our work in 2006 and 2007, which involved the tagging of 1,536 bull trout with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in the East Fork Jarbidge River and West Fork Jarbidge River and their tributaries in northeastern Nevada and southern Idaho. We installed PIT tag interrogation systems (PTISs) at established locations soon after ice-out, and maintained the PTISs in order to collect information on bull trout movements through December of each year. We observed a marked increase of movement in 2008 and 2009. Bull trout tagged in the uppermost portions of the East Fork Jarbidge River at altitudes greater than 2,100 meters moved to the confluence of the East Fork Jarbidge River and West Fork Jarbidge River in summer and autumn. Ten bull trout tagged upstream of the confluence of Pine Creek and the West Fork Jarbidge River moved downstream and then upstream in the East Fork Jarbidge River, and then past the PTIS at Murphy Hot Springs (river kilometer [rkm] 4.1). Two of these fish ascended Dave Creek, a tributary of the East Fork Jarbidge River, past the PTIS at rkm 0.4. One bull trout that was tagged at rkm 11 in Dave Creek on June 28, 2007 moved downstream to the confluence of the East Fork Jarbidge River and West Fork Jarbidge River (rkm 0) on July 28, 2007, and it was then detected in the West Fork Jarbidge River moving past our PTIS at rkm 15 on May 4, 2008. Combined, the extent and types of bull trout movements observed indicated that the primarily age-1 and age-2 bull trout that we tagged in 2006 and 2007 showed increased movement with age and evidence of a substantial amount of fluvial life history. The movements suggest strong connectivity between spawning areas and downstream mainstem areas, as well as between the East Fork Jarbidge River and West Fork Jarbidge River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Munz, C.S., Allen, M.B., and Connolly, P., 2011, Movement of bull trout in the upper Jarbidge River watershed, Idaho and Nevada, 2008-09--A supplement to Open-File Report 2010-1033: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1090, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111090.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":21953,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1090.jpg"},{"id":352715,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1090/pdf/ofr20111090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"886 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,41 ], [ -116,43 ], [ -114,43 ], [ -114,41 ], [ -116,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munz, Carrie S. cmunz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munz","given":"Carrie","email":"cmunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, M. Brady","contributorId":18874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004756,"text":"ofr20111146 - 2011 - Analytical results for municipal biosolids samples from a monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T21:43:15.537847","indexId":"ofr20111146","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1146","title":"Analytical results for municipal biosolids samples from a monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2010","docAbstract":"Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District), a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colo., has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of nonirrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colo., U.S.A. In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring groundwater at part of this site. In 1999, the USGS began a more comprehensive monitoring study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the potential chemical effects of biosolids applications to water, soil, and vegetation. This more comprehensive monitoring program was recently extended through the end of 2010 and is now completed. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study include biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock groundwater, and stream-bed sediment. Streams at the site are dry most of the year, so samples of stream-bed sediment deposited after rain were used to indicate surface-water runoff effects. This report summarizes analytical results for the biosolids samples collected at the Metro District wastewater treatment plant in Denver and analyzed for 2010. \n\nIn general, the objective of each component of the study was to determine whether concentrations of nine trace elements (\"priority analytes\") (1) were higher than regulatory limits, (2) were increasing with time, or (3) were significantly higher in biosolids-applied areas than in a similar farmed area where biosolids were not applied (background). \n\nPrevious analytical results indicate that the elemental composition of biosolids from the Denver plant was consistent during 1999-2009, and this consistency continues with the samples for 2010. Total concentrations of regulated trace elements remain consistently lower than the regulatory limits for the entire monitoring period. Concentrations of none of the priority analytes appear to have increased during the 12 years of this study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111146","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Smith, D.B., Yager, T.J., Berry, C., and Adams, M.G., 2011, Analytical results for municipal biosolids samples from a monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1146, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111146.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391058,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95274.htm"},{"id":21954,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1146.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.9625,39.4522], [ -103.9625,39.7458 ], [ -103.7131,39.7458 ], [ -103.7131,39.4522 ], [ -103.9625,39.4522 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, T. J. B.","contributorId":77256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, C. J.","contributorId":52680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, M. G.","contributorId":84812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70004759,"text":"ofr20111126 - 2011 - Development and application of indices to assess the condition of benthic algal communities in U.S. streams and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"ofr20111126","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1126","title":"Development and application of indices to assess the condition of benthic algal communities in U.S. streams and rivers","docAbstract":"Multi-metric indices (MMIs) are a measure of a combination of characteristics of biological communities and are used as indicators of water quality and ecological health. Although MMIs for algal communities have been developed for specific regions of the United States, none of the indices have national applicability. The MMIs described in this report were developed by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey to assess the overall health of benthic algal communities in U.S. streams and rivers within five geographic regions that encompass the conterminous United States.The traditional procedure for developing MMIs (also referred to as indices of biological integrity) is to select individual metrics that, separately, can distinguish between undisturbed sites (selected for this study as reference sites) and predetermined disturbed sites. The metrics are then combined into a single index.  In addition to traditional approaches for selecting individual metrics, the current study used stepwise logistic regressions to select sets of metrics that best predicted whether sites were in an undisturbed or a disturbed condition. Multi-metric indices and logistic regression models were developed for five regions of the United States using calibration datasets and were evaluated using independent validation datasets.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111126","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Prepared in cooperation with The Academy of Natural Sciences, Patrick Center for Environmental Research","usgsCitation":"Potapova, M., and Carlisle, D.M., 2011, Development and application of indices to assess the condition of benthic algal communities in U.S. streams and rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1126, iv, 24 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111126.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1126.gif"},{"id":21955,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6672fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potapova, Marina","contributorId":89274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapova","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004766,"text":"ofr20111161 - 2011 - Relative abundance and distribution of fishes within an established Area of Critical Environmental Concern, of the Amargosa River Canyon and Willow Creek, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"ofr20111161","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1161","title":"Relative abundance and distribution of fishes within an established Area of Critical Environmental Concern, of the Amargosa River Canyon and Willow Creek, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California","docAbstract":"The Amargosa River Canyon of San Bernardino and Inyo County, California, has been designated by the Bureau of Land Management as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern, due in part to its unique flora and fauna. As a task of the Area of Critical Environmental Concern implementation plan, a survey of native fishes was conducted from June 21 to August 12, 2010. Geographic Information System tools were used to map sampling locations, which were spaced at 50-meter intervals. Global Positioning Systems were used to locate sampling stations, and stations with adequate water for successful trapping were sampled with baited minnow traps. Amargosa River pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) and speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus spp.) were widespread throughout Armargosa River Canyon. Throughout the study area 8,558 pupfish were captured at 194 stations; 3,472 speckled dace were captured at 210 stations; 238 red-swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkia) were captured at 83 stations; and 1,095 western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinus) were captured at 110 stations. Pupfish were most abundant in open water habitat with native riparian vegetation, and they were significantly less abundant where the stream was completely covered by cattails or where saltcedar (Tamarix sp.) dominated the riparian corridor. There was no relationship between stream cover and speckled dace distribution. Non-native western mosquitofish and red-swamp crayfish densities were significantly higher in stream reaches dominated by saltcedar. The continued spread of saltcedar threatens to negatively affect pupfish and potentially reduce speckled dace abundance throughout the Amargosa River Canyon. This study can serve as baseline information for observing native fish populations in the future, as related to potential changes to the Amargosa River Canyon ecosystem.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111161","usgsCitation":"Scoppettone, G.G., Hereford, M.E., Rissler, P.H., Johnson, D., and Salgado, A., 2011, Relative abundance and distribution of fishes within an established Area of Critical Environmental Concern, of the Amargosa River Canyon and Willow Creek, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1161, iv, 17 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111161.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1161.png"},{"id":22509,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c06a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoppettone, G. Gary","contributorId":61137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hereford, Mark E.","contributorId":67369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rissler, Peter H. peter_rissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rissler","given":"Peter","email":"peter_rissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Danielle M.","contributorId":103533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Danielle M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Salgado, Antonio","contributorId":20595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salgado","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70004792,"text":"ofr20111160 - 2011 - Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport along Hunter Creek, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:15:23","indexId":"ofr20111160","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1160","title":"Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport along Hunter Creek, southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"This preliminary assessment of (1) bed-material transport in the Hunter Creek basin, (2) historical changes in channel condition, and (3) supplementary data needed to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel extraction revealed the following: Along the lower 12.4 km (kilometers) of Hunter Creek from its confluence with the Little South Fork Hunter Creek to its mouth, the river has confined and unconfined segments and is predominately alluvial in its lowermost 11 km. This 12.4-km stretch of river can be divided into two geomorphically distinct study reaches based primarily on valley physiography. In the Upper Study Reach (river kilometer [RKM] 12.4-6), the active channel comprises a mixed bed of bedrock, boulders, and smaller grains. The stream is confined in the upper 1.4 km of the reach by a bedrock canyon and in the lower 2.4 km by its valley. In the Lower Study Reach (RKM 6-0), where the area of gravel bars historically was largest, the stream flows over bed material that is predominately alluvial sediments. The channel alternates between confined and unconfined segments.  The primary human activities that likely have affected bed-material transport and the extent and area of gravel bars are (1) historical and ongoing aggregate extraction from gravel bars in the study area and (2) timber harvest and associated road construction throughout the basin. These anthropogenic activities likely have varying effects on sediment transport and deposition throughout the study area and over time. Although assessing the relative effects of these anthropogenic activities on sediment dynamics would be challenging, the Hunter Creek basin may serve as a case study for such an assessment because it is mostly free of other alterations to hydrologic and geomorphic processes such as flow regulation, dredging, and other navigation improvements that are common in many Oregon coastal basins.  Several datasets are available that may support a more detailed physical assessment of Hunter Creek. The entire study area has been captured in aerial photographs at least once per decade since the 1940s. This temporally rich photograph dataset would support quantitative analyses of changes in channel planform as well as vegetation cover. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data collected in 2008 would facilitate hydraulic and sediment-transport modeling and characterization of bar elevations throughout most of the study area.  Few studies describing channel morphology and sediment transport exist for the Hunter Creek basin. The most detailed study reported channel incision and bank instability as well as the loss of point bars and pools in the lower 3.9 km of Hunter Creek from slightly downstream of its confluence with Yorke Creek to its mouth (EA Engineering, Sci-ence, and Technology, 1998).  Repeat channel cross-sections collected from 1994 to 2010 at four bridges indicate that Hunter Creek is dynamic and subject to channel shifting, aggradation, and incision. Despite this dynamism, the channel at three bridge crossings showed little net change in thalweg elevation during this period. However, the channel thalweg aggraded 0.55 m from 2004 to 2008 near the bridge at RKM 3.5.  Systematic delineation of gravel bars from aerial photographs collected in 1940, 1965, 2005, and 2009 indicates a 52-percent reduction in the area of bed-material sediment throughout the study area from 1940 to 2009. Net bar loss was greatest in the Lower Study Reach from RKM 1-4 and mainly is associ-ated with the encroachment of vegetation onto upper-bar surfaces lacking apparent vegetation in 1940.  Bar-surface material was approximately equal in size to bar-subsurface material at Conn Creek Bar, whereas it was distinctly coarser than the subsurface material at Menasha Bar. Armoring ratios, which indicate the coarseness of the bar surface relative to the bar subsurface, were calculated as 0.97 for Conn Creek Bar and 1.5 for Menasha Bar. These ratios tentatively show that ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111160","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Department of State Lands","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.L., Wallick, J., O'Connor, J., Keith, M., Mangano, J.F., and Risley, J.C., 2011, Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport along Hunter Creek, southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1160, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111160.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"50","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1160.jpg"},{"id":112057,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70004796,"text":"ofr20111142 - 2011 - A program for the conversion of The National Map data from proprietary format to resource description framework (RDF)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"ofr20111142","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1142","title":"A program for the conversion of The National Map data from proprietary format to resource description framework (RDF)","docAbstract":"To expand data functionality and capabilities for users of The National Map of the U.S. Geological Survey, data sets for six watersheds and three urban areas were converted from the Best Practices vector data model formats to Semantic Web data formats. This report describes and documents the conver-sion process. The report begins with an introduction to basic Semantic Web standards and the background of The National Map. Data were converted from a proprietary format to Geog-raphy Markup Language to capture the geometric footprint of topographic data features. Configuration files were designed to eliminate redundancy and make the conversion more efficient. A SPARQL endpoint was established for data validation and queries. The report concludes by describing the results of the conversion.","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111142","usgsCitation":"Bulen, A., Carter, J.J., and Varanka, D.E., 2011, A program for the conversion of The National Map data from proprietary format to resource description framework (RDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1142, vi, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111142.","productDescription":"vi, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":161,"text":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1142.jpg"},{"id":22670,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abfaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bulen, Andrew","contributorId":85314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bulen","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Jonathan J.","contributorId":42695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Varanka, Dalia E. 0000-0003-2857-9600 dvaranka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600","contributorId":1296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","email":"dvaranka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004813,"text":"ofr20111136 - 2011 - OpenStreetMap Collaborative Prototype, Phase 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"ofr20111136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1136","title":"OpenStreetMap Collaborative Prototype, Phase 1","docAbstract":"Phase One of the OpenStreetMap Collaborative Prototype (OSMCP) attempts to determine if the open source software developed for the OpenStreetMap (OSM, http://www.openstreetmap.org) can be used for data contributions and improvements that meet or exceed the requirements for integration into The National Map (http://www.nationalmap.gov). OpenStreetMap Collaborative Prototype Phase One focused on road data aggregated at the state level by the Kansas Data Access and Support Center (DASC). Road data from the DASC were loaded into a system hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Geospatial Technical Operations Center (NGTOC) in Rolla, Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey editing specifications were developed by NGTOC personnel (J. Walters and G. Matthews, USGS, unpub. report, 2010). Interstate and U.S. Highways in the dataset were edited to the specifications by NGTOC personnel while State roads were edited by DASC personnel. Resulting data were successfully improved to meet standards for The National Map once the system and specifications were in place. The OSM software proved effective in providing a usable platform for collaborative data editing","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111136","usgsCitation":"Wolf, E.B., Matthews, G.D., McNinch, K., and Poore, B.S., 2011, OpenStreetMap Collaborative Prototype, Phase 1: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1136, iii, 20 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111136.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":161,"text":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1136.png"},{"id":22684,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":19158,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048697"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db6918d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Eric B. ebwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":4535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Eric","email":"ebwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matthews, Greg D. 0000-0002-5287-3888 gdmatthews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-3888","contributorId":4922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthews","given":"Greg","email":"gdmatthews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNinch, Kevin","contributorId":71683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNinch","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poore, Barbara S. bspoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Barbara","email":"bspoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004814,"text":"ofr20111137 - 2011 - Loch Vale watershed long-term ecological research and monitoring program quality assurance report, 2003-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T22:07:48.566955","indexId":"ofr20111137","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1137","title":"Loch Vale watershed long-term ecological research and monitoring program quality assurance report, 2003-09","docAbstract":"The Loch Vale watershed project is a long-term research and monitoring program located in Rocky Mountain National Park that addresses watershed-scale ecosystem processes, particularly as they respond to atmospheric deposition and climate variability. Measurements of precipitation depth, precipitation chemistry, discharge, and surface-water quality are made within the watershed and elsewhere in Rocky Mountain National Park. As data collected for the program are used by resource managers, scientists, policy makers, and students, it is important that all data collected in Loch Vale watershed meet high standards of quality. In this report, data quality was evaluated for precipitation, discharge, and surface-water chemistry measurements collected during 2003-09. Equipment upgrades were made at the Loch Vale National Atmospheric Deposition Program monitoring site to improve precipitation measurements and evaluate variability in precipitation depth and chemistry. Additional solar panels and batteries have been installed to improve the power supply, and data completeness, at the NADP site. As a result of equipment malfunction, discharge data for the Loch Outlet were estimated from October 18, 2005, to August 17, 2006. Quality-assurance results indicate that more than 98 percent of all surface-water chemistry measurements were accurate and precise. Records that did not meet quality criteria were removed from the database. Measurements of precipitation depth, precipitation chemistry, discharge, and surface-water quality were all sufficiently complete and consistent to support project data needs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111137","usgsCitation":"Richer, E.E., and Baron, J., 2011, Loch Vale watershed long-term ecological research and monitoring program quality assurance report, 2003-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1137, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111137.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1137.png"},{"id":22685,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402193,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95295.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.6906,\n              40.2619\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6033,\n              40.2619\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6033,\n              40.5122\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6906,\n              40.5122\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6906,\n              40.2619\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bfd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richer, Eric E.","contributorId":27177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richer","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004844,"text":"ofr20111153 - 2011 - Soil physical, chemical, and gas-flux characterization from Picea mariana stands near Erickson Creek, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T20:56:12.506741","indexId":"ofr20111153","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1153","displayTitle":"Soil physical, chemical, and gas-flux characterization from <i>Picea mariana</i> stands near Erickson Creek, Alaska","title":"Soil physical, chemical, and gas-flux characterization from Picea mariana stands near Erickson Creek, Alaska","docAbstract":"Fire is a particularly important control on the carbon (C) balance of the boreal forest, and fire-return intervals and fire severity appear to have increased since the late 1900s in North America. In addition to the immediate release of stored C to the atmosphere through organic-matter combustion, fire also modifies soil conditions, possibly affecting C exchange between terrestrial and atmospheric pools for decades after the burn. The effects of fire on ecosystem C dynamics vary across the landscape, with topographic position and soil drainage functioning as important controls.\n\nThe data reported here contributed to a larger U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study, published in the journal Ecosystems by O'Donnell and others (2009). To evaluate the effects of fire and drainage on ecosystem C dynamics, we selected sample sites within the 2003 Erickson Creek fire scar to measure CO<sup>2</sup> fluxes and soil C inventories in burned and unburned (control) sites in both upland and lowland black spruce (Picea mariana) forests. The results of this study suggested that although fire can create soil climate conditions which are more conducive to rapid decomposition, rates of C release from soils may be constrained after fire by changes in moisture and (or) substrate quality that impede rates of decomposition. Here, we report detailed site information, methodology, and data (in spreadsheet files) from that study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111153","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Harden, J.W., and Manies, K.L., 2011, Soil physical, chemical, and gas-flux characterization from Picea mariana stands near Erickson Creek, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1153, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111153.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":557,"text":"Soil Carbon Research at Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1153.gif"},{"id":24364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395653,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95308.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Erickson Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.9597,\n              65.5758\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9592,\n              65.5758\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9592,\n              65.5764\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9597,\n              65.5764\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9597,\n              65.5758\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6739f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004850,"text":"ofr20111139 - 2011 - The constraints of connecting children with nature--A research literature review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"ofr20111139","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1139","title":"The constraints of connecting children with nature--A research literature review","docAbstract":"Reports or research investigations studying children in nature are rapidly expanding and increasingly diverse. This document reports a review of a particular part of this field-studies of constraints to recreation and participation in environmental and outdoor recreation programs. The findings result from a review of more than 125 journal articles, books, and reports that were published between 1980 and 2009. This report discusses how the current information concerning constraints to participation can be understood in terms of four concentrations or foci of work generated in this particular field of study. These foci, which are all well established in the literature, are (1) intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints, (2) significant life experiences, (3) environmental attitudes, values and beliefs, and (4) environmental behaviors. The recent research associated with each of these research areas is discussed in successive sections of the review. Overall, this review found that the research on constraints that inhibit children's connection to nature is less diverse in terms of methodological and theoretical approaches than is the research into the broader outdoor recreation research field within which it is situated. This review focused on the issue of connecting children with nature, but examples from studies using adults to understand childhood experiences and recreation preferences were used because there are relatively few peer-reviewed articles showing the theoretical or empirical connection of children and nature. In some cases, broader empirical studies were used to connect with larger themes (that is, environmental attitudes, beliefs, and values).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111139","usgsCitation":"Ponds, P.D., and Schuster, R., 2011, The constraints of connecting children with nature--A research literature review: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1139, iii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111139.","productDescription":"iii, 54 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1139.png"},{"id":24368,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6689b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Rudy M.","contributorId":92405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004855,"text":"ofr20111004 - 2011 - Sea-Floor geology and character of Eastern Rhode Island Sound West of Gay Head, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111004","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1004","title":"Sea-Floor geology and character of Eastern Rhode Island Sound West of Gay Head, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Gridded multibeam bathymetry covers approximately 102 square kilometers of sea floor in eastern Rhode Island Sound west of Gay Head, Massachusetts. Although originally collected for charting purposes during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey H11922, these acoustic data and the sea-floor stations subsequently occupied to verify them (1) show the composition and terrain of the seabed, (2) provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat, and (3) are part of an expanding series of studies that provide a fundamental framework for research and management activities (for example, windfarms and fisheries) along the Massachusetts inner continental shelf.\n\nMost of the sea floor in the study area has an undulating to faintly rippled appearance and is composed of bioturbated muddy sand, reflecting processes associated with sediment sorting and reworking. Shallower areas are composed of rippled sand and, where small fields of megaripples are present, indicate sedimentary environments characterized by processes associated with coarse bedload transport. Boulders and gravel were found on the floors of scour depressions and on top of an isolated bathymetric high where erosion has removed the Holocene marine sediments and exposed the underlying relict lag deposits of Pleistocene drift. The numerous scour depressions, which formed during storm-driven events, result in the juxtaposition of sea-floor areas with contrasting sedimentary environments and distinct gravel, sand, and muddy sand textures. This textural heterogeneity in turn creates a complex patchwork of habitats. Our observations of local variations in community structure suggest that this small-scale textural heterogeneity adds dramatically to the sound-wide benthic biological diversity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111004","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K., Ackerman, S., Blackwood, D., Irwin, B., Schaer, J., and Forrest, M., 2011, Sea-Floor geology and character of Eastern Rhode Island Sound West of Gay Head, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1004, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111004.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1004.gif"},{"id":24374,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Rhode Island Sound;West Of Gay Head;Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-71.04290258801029, 41.331712922994285], [-71.04188361389791, 41.33614845736581], [-70.99851727446826, 41.347327202775126], [-70.96507094772083, 41.3303343109599], [-70.95059552135973, 41.33596863840481], [-70.9472688705811, 41.340194383988496], [-70.93282341404681, 41.34430025026482], [-70.93024600893902, 41.34675777606526], [-70.9320441985491, 41.352062435414986], [-70.929346914134, 41.347477051909294], [-70.92628999179686, 41.35113337078311], [-70.9214049100228, 41.349874638056036], [-70.90785854829359, 41.355359116366785], [-70.90633008712503, 41.36015428866033], [-70.90603038885668, 41.356408060305995], [-70.9009355182948, 41.35799646112823], [-70.901624824312, 41.34666786658477], [-70.89593055721342, 41.33920537970293], [-70.88076582483507, 41.33995462537377], [-70.87006623779408, 41.318225291368755], [-70.90989649651829, 41.30536944520667], [-70.93126498305136, 41.30018466516426], [-70.93288335370043, 41.30183300564018], [-70.9327634743931, 41.29961523845442], [-70.93471151313733, 41.30123360910347], [-70.94487128443429, 41.298086777285846], [-70.94490125426111, 41.29547940235123], [-70.94627986629551, 41.297697169537], [-70.98584003771718, 41.28460035521028], [-71.08510010419342, 41.26062449374261], [-71.10302206064051, 41.301353488410804], [-71.04290258801029, 41.331712922994285]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-71.10302206064051, 41.25975536876439, -70.87006623779408, 41.360214228314], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091923\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, S.D.","contributorId":88843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Irwin, B.J.","contributorId":105684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaer, J.D.","contributorId":31082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaer","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Forrest, M.R.","contributorId":79216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forrest","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70004857,"text":"ofr20111005 - 2011 - Surficial geology of the sea floor in Central Rhode Island Sound Southeast of Point Judith, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111005","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1005","title":"Surficial geology of the sea floor in Central Rhode Island Sound Southeast of Point Judith, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are working together to study sea-floor environments off the northeast coast of the United States. During 2008, NOAA survey H11996 collected multibeam echosounder data in a 65-square kilometer area in central Rhode Island Sound, southeast of Point Judith, Rhode Island. During 2010, the USGS collected bottom photographs and sediment samples from 25 stations in this study area. The bathymetry, photography, and sediment data are used to interpret sea-floor features including scour depressions, sand waves, trawl marks, and dredge spoils. Scour depressions cover the bathymetric highs in much of the study area. Sand waves are located mostly in the southwest, and trawl marks tend to be in the northern regions. Dredge spoils are located at a disposal site in a bathymetric low in the western end of the study area. Most stations have a sea-floor surface of sand or silty sand, but eight of the stations have boulders to pea-sized gravel or gravelly sediment on the surface. Photographs show sandy areas typically have scattered burrows, shells, amphipod communities, and worm tubes. Boulders and cobbles are commonly overgrown with hydrozoans and anemones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111005","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K., Poppe, L., Ackerman, S., Blackwood, D., Schaer, J., Nadeau, M., and Wood, D., 2011, Surficial geology of the sea floor in Central Rhode Island Sound Southeast of Point Judith, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1005, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111005.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1005.gif"},{"id":24375,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Central Rhode Island Sound;Southeast Of Point Judith;Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-71.39523349055915, 41.26277609128182], [-71.31617062975944, 41.28585448497073], [-71.31538008141013, 41.28483519928182], [-71.3200110093039, 41.28272439505989], [-71.26219664347593, 41.29882830635768], [-71.26235716090726, 41.29627206626381], [-71.26078409008026, 41.296681385713704], [-71.25540675613082, 41.28622768799857], [-71.25397413805624, 41.28660891689798], [-71.2545279231943, 41.281677018820474], [-71.25217232988959, 41.281010871480476], [-71.24227643024831, 41.260488717885394], [-71.2393469871266, 41.26058502834419], [-71.23876511143806, 41.25936108293033], [-71.24119695052265, 41.25865480623249], [-71.23907812042913, 41.25630322586356], [-71.23427864923248, 41.25630723879935], [-71.37075859521767, 41.21560403115078], [-71.38486807743125, 41.242619114843], [-71.38841952559933, 41.24487037181736], [-71.38596360890004, 41.24567295897399], [-71.3932631390896, 41.25632329054251], [-71.39523349055915, 41.26277609128182]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-71.39523349055915, 41.21560403115078, -71.23427864923248, 41.29882830635768], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091924\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68896b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, S.D.","contributorId":88843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaer, J.D.","contributorId":31082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaer","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nadeau, M.A.","contributorId":47901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wood, D.A.","contributorId":70099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70004865,"text":"ofr20111162 - 2011 - Analysis of dam-passage survival of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead at The Dalles Dam, Oregon, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"ofr20111162","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1162","title":"Analysis of dam-passage survival of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead at The Dalles Dam, Oregon, 2010","docAbstract":"We performed a series of analyses of mark-recapture data from a study at The Dalles Dam during 2010 to determine if model assumptions for estimation of juvenile salmonid dam-passage survival were met and if results were similar to those using the University of Washington's newly developed ATLAS software. The study was conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and used acoustic telemetry of yearling Chinook salmon, juvenile steelhead, and subyearling Chinook salmon released at three sites according to the new virtual/paired-release statistical model. This was the first field application of the new model, and the results were used to measure compliance with minimum survival standards set forth in a recent Biological Opinion. Our analyses indicated that most model assumptions were met. The fish groups mixed in time and space, and no euthanized tagged fish were detected. Estimates of reach-specific survival were similar in fish tagged by each of the six taggers during the spring, but not in the summer. Tagger effort was unevenly allocated temporally during tagging of subyearling Chinook salmon in the summer; the difference in survival estimates among taggers was more likely a result of a temporal trend in actual survival than of tagger effects. The reach-specific survival of fish released at the three sites was not equal in the reaches they had in common for juvenile steelhead or subyearling Chinook salmon, violating one model assumption. This violation did not affect the estimate of dam-passage survival, because data from the common reaches were not used in its calculation. Contrary to expectation, precision of survival estimates was not improved by using the most parsimonious model of recapture probabilities instead of the fully parameterized model. Adjusting survival estimates for differences in fish travel times and tag lives increased the dam-passage survival estimate for yearling Chinook salmon by 0.0001 and for juvenile steelhead by 0.0004. The estimate was unchanged for subyearling Chinook salmon. The tag-life-adjusted dam-passage survival estimates from our analyses were 0.9641 (standard error [SE] 0.0096) for yearling Chinook salmon, 0.9534 (SE 0.0097) for juvenile steelhead, and 0.9404 (SE 0.0091) for subyearling Chinook salmon. These were within 0.0001 of estimates made by the University of Washington using the ATLAS software. Contrary to the intent of the virtual/paired-release model to adjust estimates of the paired-release model downward in order to account for differential handling mortality rates between release groups, random variation in survival estimates may result in an upward adjustment of survival relative to estimates from the paired-release model. Further investigation of this property of the virtual/paired-release model likely would prove beneficial. In addition, we suggest that differential selective pressures near release sites of the two control groups could bias estimates of dam-passage survival from the virtual/paired-release model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Kock, T.J., Perry, R.W., and Smith, S.G., 2011, Analysis of dam-passage survival of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead at The Dalles Dam, Oregon, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1162, vi, 32 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111162.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1162.bmp"},{"id":24380,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Steven G. sgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"sgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004763,"text":"ofr20111138 - 2011 - The effect of offering distance education on enrollment in onsite training at the National Conservation Training Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"ofr20111138","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1138","title":"The effect of offering distance education on enrollment in onsite training at the National Conservation Training Center","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to explore the effect that providing distance education courses would have on enrollment in courses offered on the campus of the National Conservation Training Center. This is an exploratory study and the results should be interpreted as preliminary rather than conclusive. The study included two components: analysis of existing training-enrollment data for the time period from October 1, 2007 to June 24, 2009, and a survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) employees regarding their preferences for onsite training and distance education. The analysis of training-enrollment data included training records for 2,823 Service employees. Using this dataset, we created a database that included region, supervisory status, number of enrollments in online training, instructor-led web-based classes, correspondence courses, courses at the campus of the National Conservation Training Center, and instructor-led courses off campus. Our analyses focused on differences between enrollment in distance education and onsite courses and the effects of regional affiliation, supervisory status, and course format. Generally, the regions closest to the campus had higher enrollment in onsite training and regions farther away had higher enrollment in distance education. Nonsupervisors were more likely to enroll in training on campus and supervisors were more likely to enroll in instructor-led training off site. Enrollment in instructor-led courses was higher than in self-paced courses, although this may result from fewer offerings of self-paced courses. The second component of the study involved a survey of Service employees regarding their preferences for distance education and onsite training. The survey was administered online and 911 Service employees responded. Overall, survey respondents indicated a small preference for onsite training and were more likely to enroll in onsite courses than distance education. When asked to indicate reasons that would lead them to choose one type of training over the other, practical reasons were more frequently indicated as influential in the decision to enroll in distance education and interactions with others were more frequently cited as reasons to enroll in onsite training.We conclude that the information we assembled and analyzed indicates that distance education currently functions as a supplemental approach to training when participation in training onsite at the National Conservation Training Center campus is impractical.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111138","usgsCitation":"Ratz, J., Schuster, R., and Marcy, A., 2011, The effect of offering distance education on enrollment in onsite training at the National Conservation Training Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1138, iv, 31 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111138.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1138.png"},{"id":22027,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e83f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratz, Joan M.","contributorId":22739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Rudy M.","contributorId":92405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marcy, Ann H.","contributorId":79215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcy","given":"Ann H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004861,"text":"ofr20111124 - 2011 - Computer programs for forward and inverse modeling of acoustic and electromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:55","indexId":"ofr20111124","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1124","title":"Computer programs for forward and inverse modeling of acoustic and electromagnetic data","docAbstract":"A suite of computer programs was developed by U.S. Geological Survey personnel for forward and inverse modeling of acoustic and electromagnetic data. This report describes the computer resources that are needed to execute the programs, the installation of the programs, the program designs, some tests of their accuracy, and some suggested improvements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111124","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., 2011, Computer programs for forward and inverse modeling of acoustic and electromagnetic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1124, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111124.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1124.png"},{"id":24378,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a490d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":351497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004738,"text":"ofr20111140 - 2011 - Annotated bibliography of environmentally relevant investigations of uranium mining and milling in the Grants Mineral Belt, northwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"ofr20111140","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1140","title":"Annotated bibliography of environmentally relevant investigations of uranium mining and milling in the Grants Mineral Belt, northwestern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Studies of the natural environment in the Grants Mineral Belt in northwestern New Mexico have been conducted since the 1930s; however, few such investigations predate uranium mining and milling operations, which began in the early 1950s. This report provides an annotated bibliography of reports that describe the hydrology and geochemistry of groundwaters and surface waters and the geochemistry of soils and sediments in the Grants Mineral Belt and contiguous areas. The reports referenced and discussed provide a large volume of information about the environmental conditions in the area after mining started. Data presented in many of these studies, if evaluated carefully, may provide much basic information about the baseline conditions that existed over large parts of the Grants Mineral Belt prior to mining. Other data may provide information that can direct new work in efforts to discriminate between baseline conditions and the effects of the mining and milling on the natural environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111140","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., 2011, Annotated bibliography of environmentally relevant investigations of uranium mining and milling in the Grants Mineral Belt, northwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1140, iii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111140.","productDescription":"iii, 85 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1140.jpg"},{"id":21944,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Grants Mineral Belt","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bfb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004722,"text":"ofr20111119 - 2011 - Aggregate resource availability in the conterminous United States, including suggestions for addressing shortages, quality, and environmental concerns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"ofr20111119","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1119","title":"Aggregate resource availability in the conterminous United States, including suggestions for addressing shortages, quality, and environmental concerns","docAbstract":"One-third of America's major roads are in poor or mediocre condition, and over one-quarter of the bridges are either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. A 70-percent increase in annual aggregate production may be required to upgrade the transportation infrastructure. Natural aggregate is widespread throughout the conterminous United States, but the location of aggregate is determined by geology and is non-negotiable. Natural aggregate is in short supply in the Coastal Plain and Mississippi embayment, Colorado Plateau and Wyoming Basin, glaciated Midwest, High Plains, and the non-glaciated Northern Plains. A variety of techniques have been used to overcome local shortages, such as the use of substitute materials, recycling, and importing high-quality aggregates from more distant locations.\nAlthough potential sources of aggregate are widespread throughout the United States, many sources may not meet certain physical property requirements, such as soundness, hardness, strength, porosity, and specific gravity, or they may contain contaminants or deleterious materials that render them unusable. Encroachment by conflicting land uses, permitting considerations, environmental issues, and societal pressures can prevent or limit development of otherwise suitable aggregate. The use of sustainable aggregate resource management can help ensure an economically viable supply of aggregate. Sustainable aggregate resource management techniques that have successfully been used include (1) protecting potential resources from encroachment; (2) using marginal-quality local aggregate for applications that do not demand a high-quality resource; (3) using substitute materials such as clinker, scoria, and recycled asphalt and concrete; and (4) using rail and water to transport aggregates from remote sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111119","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2011, Aggregate resource availability in the conterminous United States, including suggestions for addressing shortages, quality, and environmental concerns: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1119, iv, 83 p.; Slides; PowerPoint Presentation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111119.","productDescription":"iv, 83 p.; Slides; PowerPoint Presentation","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1119.png"},{"id":21935,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}