When a site-specific probabilistic ground-motion estimate is required, the full site-amplification distribution should be used instead of a single deterministic median value. A probabilistic methodology using site-amplification distributions to modify rock ground-motion attenuation relations into site-specific relations prior to calculating seismic hazard has been developed and applied at two selected sites in the central United States: Memphis, Tennessee, and Paducah, Kentucky. The use of a completely probabilistic approach can make about a 10% difference in ground-motion estimates over simply multiplying a bedrock probabilistic ground motion by a median site-amplification factor at a 1 in 2475 annual probability of exceedance and even larger differences at smaller probabilites of exceedance. The value of this approach is that a probabilistic answer incorporating the uncertainty in our knowledge of site amplification of ground motions can be calculated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020206","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C., 2003, Site-specific seismic-hazard analysis that is completely probabilistic: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 4, p. 1841-1846, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020206.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1841","endPage":"1846","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee, Kentucky","city":"Memphis, Paducah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.23071289062499,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 35.39800594715108\n ],\n [\n -90.23071289062499,\n 35.39800594715108\n ],\n [\n -90.23071289062499,\n 34.994003757575776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.8134765625,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -88.428955078125,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -88.428955078125,\n 37.309014074275915\n ],\n [\n -88.8134765625,\n 37.309014074275915\n ],\n [\n -88.8134765625,\n 36.84446074079564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90ffe4b08c986b31971f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025421,"text":"70025421 - 2003 - Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025421","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle","docAbstract":"Data on three major determinants of the carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems are used with the process-based Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to simulate the combined effect of climate variability, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, and cropland establishment and abandonment on the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and monsoon Asian ecosystems. During 1860-1990, modeled results suggest that monsoon Asia as a whole released 29.0 Pg C, which represents 50% of the global carbon release for this period. Carbon release varied across three subregions: East Asia (4.3 Pg C), South Asia (6.6 Pg C), and Southeast Asia (18.1 Pg C). For the entire region, the simulations indicate that land-use change alone has led to a loss of 42.6 Pg C. However, increasing CO2 and climate variability have added carbon to terrestrial ecosystems to compensate for 23% and 8% of the losses due to land-use change, respectively. During 1980-1989, monsoon Asia as a whole acted as a source of carbon to the atmosphere, releasing an average of 0.158 Pg C per year. Two of the subregions acted as net carbon source and one acted as a net carbon sink. Southeast Asia and South Asia were sources of 0.288 and 0.02 Pg C per year, respectively, while East Asia was a sink of 0.149 Pg C per year. Substantial interannual and decadal variations occur in the annual net carbon storage estimated by TEM due to comparable variations in summer precipitation and its effect on net primary production (NPP). At longer time scales, land-use change appears to be the important control on carbon dynamics in this region. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","language":"English","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Tian, H., Melillo, J.M., Kicklighter, D., Pan, S., Liu, J., McGuire, A., and Moore, B., 2003, Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle, in Global and Planetary Change, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 201-217.","startPage":"201","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4b1e4b0e8fec6cdbc09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tian, H.","contributorId":43524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pan, S.","contributorId":11389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, B. III","contributorId":96845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025418,"text":"70025418 - 2003 - On the expected relationships among apparent stress, static stress drop, effective shear fracture energy, and efficiency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:31:44.295634","indexId":"70025418","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the expected relationships among apparent stress, static stress drop, effective shear fracture energy, and efficiency","docAbstract":"We consider expected relationships between apparent stress τa and static stress drop Δτs using a standard energy balance and find τa = Δτs (0.5 - ξ), where ξ is stress overshoot. A simple implementation of this balance is to assume overshoot is constant; then apparent stress should vary linearly with stress drop, consistent with spectral theories (Brune, 1970) and dynamic crack models (Madariaga, 1976). Normalizing this expression by the static stress drop defines an efficiency ηsw = τsa/Δτs as follows from Savage and Wood (1971). We use this measure of efficiency to analyze data from one of a number of observational studies that find apparent stress to increase with seismic moment, namely earthquakes recorded in the Cajon Pass borehole by Abercrombie (1995). Increases in apparent stress with event size could reflect an increase in seismic efficiency; however, ηsw for the Cajon earthquakes shows no such increase and is approximately constant over the entire moment range. Thus, apparent stress and stress drop co-vary, as expected from the energy balance at constant overshoot. The median value of ηsw for the Cajon earthquakes is four times lower than ηsw for laboratory events. Thus, these Cajon-recorded earthquakes have relatively low and approximately constant efficiency. As the energy balance requires ηsw = 0.5 - ξ, overshoot can be estimated directly from the Savage-Wood efficiency; overshoot is positive for Cajon Pass earthquakes. Variations in apparent stress with seismic moment for these earthquakes result primarily from systematic variations in static stress drop with seismic moment and do not require a relative decrease in sliding resistance with increasing event size (dynamic weakening). Based on the comparison of field and lab determinations of the Savage-Wood efficiency, we suggest the criterion ηsw > 0.3 as a test for dynamic weakening in excess of that seen in the lab.
Shifts in the demographic and economic character of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) are driving patterns of land cover and land use change in the region. Such changes may have important consequences for ecosystem functioning. The objective of this paper is to quantify the trajectories and rates of change in land cover and use across the GYE for the period 1975-1995 using satellite imagery. Spectral and geographic variables were used as inputs to classification tree regression analysis (CART) to find \"rules\" which defined land use and land cover classes on the landscape. The resulting CART functions were used to map land cover and land use across seven Landsat TM scenes for 1995. We then used a thresholding technique to identify locations that differed in spectral properties between the 1995 and 1985 time periods. These \"changed\" locations were classified using CART functions derived from spectral and geographic data from 1985. This was similarly done for the year 1975 based on Landsat MSS data. Differences between the 1975, 1985, and 1995 maps were considered change in land cover and use. We calibrated and tested the accuracy of our models using data acquired through manual interpretation of aerial photos. Elevation and vegetative indices derived from the remotely sensed satellite imagery explained the most variance in the land use and land cover classes (-i.e., defined the \"rules\" most often). Overall accuracies from our study were good, ranging from 94% at the coarsest level of detail to 74% at the finest. The largest changes over the study period were the increases in burned, urban, and mixed conifer-herbaceous classes and decreases in woody deciduous, mixed woody deciduous-herbaceous, and conifer habitats. These changes have important implications for ecological function and biodiversity. The expansion of mixed conifer classes may increase fuel loads and enhance risk to the growing number of rural homes. The reduction of woody deciduous cover types is likely reducing population sizes for the numerous plant and animal species that specialize on this habitat type. Some of these species are also negatively influenced by the increase of rural homes in and near woody deciduous habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0687:LUALCC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Parmenter, A., Hansen, A., Kennedy, R., Cohen, W., Langner, U., Lawrence, R., Maxwell, B., Gallant, A., and Aspinall, R., 2003, Land use and land cover change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: 1975-1995: Ecological Applications, v. 13, no. 3, p. 687-703, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0687:LUALCC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"703","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.192626953125,\n 43.95328204198018\n ],\n [\n -109.434814453125,\n 43.95328204198018\n ],\n [\n -109.434814453125,\n 45.29034662473613\n ],\n [\n -111.192626953125,\n 45.29034662473613\n ],\n [\n -111.192626953125,\n 43.95328204198018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a42ebe4b0c8380cd65fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parmenter, A.W.","contributorId":45877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmenter","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, A.","contributorId":81675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, R.E.","contributorId":99353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cohen, W.","contributorId":36347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langner, U.","contributorId":31959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langner","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawrence, R.","contributorId":101430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maxwell, B.","contributorId":56615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":99354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aspinall, R.","contributorId":89706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aspinall","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70025412,"text":"70025412 - 2003 - Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:02:30","indexId":"70025412","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams","docAbstract":"In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, glaciers are the source of meltwater during the austral summer, and the streams and adjacent hyporheic zones constitute the entire physical watershed; there are no hillslope processes in these systems. Hyporheic zones can extend several metres from each side of the stream, and are up to 70 cm deep, corresponding to a lateral cross‐section as large as 12 m2, and water resides in the subsurface year around. In this study, we differentiate between the near‐stream hyporheic zone, which can be characterized with stream tracer experiments, and the extended hyporheic zone, which has a longer time‐scale of exchange. We sampled stream water from Green Creek and from the adjacent saturated alluvium for stable isotopes of D and 18O to assess the significance and extent of stream‐water exchange between the streams and extended hyporheic zones over long time‐scales (days to weeks). Our results show that water residing in the extended hyporheic zone is much more isotopically enriched (up to 11‰ D and 2·2‰ 18O) than stream water. This result suggests a long residence time within the extended hyporheic zone, during which fractionation has occurred owing to summer evaporation and winter sublimation of hyporheic water. We found less enriched water in the extended hyporheic zone later in the flow season, suggesting that stream water may be exchanged into and out of this zone, on the time‐scale of weeks to months. The transient storage model OTIS was used to characterize the exchange of stream water with the extended hyporheic zone. Model results yield exchange rates (α) generally an order magnitude lower (10−5 s−1) than those determined using stream‐tracer techniques on the same stream. In light of previous studies in these streams, these results suggest that the hyporheic zones in Antarctic streams have near‐stream zones of rapid stream‐water exchange, where ‘fast’ biogeochemical reactions may influence water chemistry, and extended hyporheic zones, in which slower biogeochemical reaction rates may affect stream‐water chemistry at longer time‐scales.
Conditional distribution coefficients (KDOM‘) for Hg(II) binding to seven dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates were measured at environmentally relevant ratios of Hg(II) to DOM. The results show that KDOM‘ values for different types of samples (humic acids, fulvic acids, hydrophobic acids) isolated from diverse aquatic environments were all within 1 order of magnitude (1022.5±1.0−1023.5±1.0 L kg-1), suggesting similar Hg(II) binding environments, presumably involving thiol groups, for the different isolates. KDOM‘ values decreased at low pHs (4) compared to values at pH 7, indicating proton competition for the strong Hg(II) binding sites. Chemical modeling of Hg(II)−DOM binding at different pH values was consistent with bidentate binding of Hg(II) by one thiol group (pKa = 10.3) and one other group (pKa = 6.3) in the DOM, which is in agreement with recent results on the structure of Hg(II)−DOM bonds obtained by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS).
An understanding of unsaturated flow and potential recharge in interdrainage semiarid and arid regions is critical for quantification of water resources and contaminant transport. We evaluated system response to paleoclimatic forcing using water potential and Cl profiles and modeling of nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow and Cl transport at semiarid (High Plains, Texas) and arid (Chihuahuan Desert, Texas; Amargosa Desert, Nevada) sites. Infiltration in response to current climatic forcing is restricted to the shallow (∼0.3–3 m) subsurface. Subsurface Cl accumulations correspond to time periods of 9–90 kyr. Bulge-shaped Cl profiles generally represent accumulation during the Holocene (9–16 kyr). Lower Cl concentrations at depth reflect higher water fluxes (0.04–8.4 mm/yr) during the Pleistocene and earlier times. Low water potentials and upward gradients indicate current drying conditions. Nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow simulations indicate that upward flow for at least 1–2 kyr in the High Plains and for 12–16 kyr at the Chihuahuan and Amargosa desert sites is required to reproduce measured upward water potential gradients and that recharge is negligible (<0.1 mm/yr) in these interdrainage areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001604","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Keese, K., Reedy, R., Simunek, J., and Andraski, B.J., 2003, Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 7, Article 1179; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001604.","productDescription":"Article 1179; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc17de4b08c986b32a5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keese, K.","contributorId":15813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keese","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reedy, R.C.","contributorId":80880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reedy","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simunek, Jirka","contributorId":9440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simunek","given":"Jirka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025376,"text":"70025376 - 2003 - The behavior of U- and Th-series nuclides in the estuarine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T11:19:58","indexId":"70025376","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The behavior of U- and Th-series nuclides in the estuarine environment","docAbstract":"Rivers carry the products of continental weathering, and continuously supply the oceans with a broad range of chemical constituents. This erosional signature is, however, uniquely moderated by biogeochemical processing within estuaries. Estuaries are commonly described as complex filters at land-sea margins, where significant transformations can occur due to strong physico-chemical gradients. These changes differ for different classes of elements, and can vary widely depending on the geographic location. U- and Th-series nuclides include a range of elements with vastly different characteristics and behaviors within such environments, and the isotopic systematics provide methods for investigating the transport of these nuclides and other analog species across estuaries and into the coastal ocean.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2113/0520577","issn":"15296466","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Porcelli, D., Andersson, P., and Smoak, J., 2003, The behavior of U- and Th-series nuclides in the estuarine environment: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 52, p. 577-606, https://doi.org/10.2113/0520577.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"606","costCenters":[{"id":158,"text":"Center for Coastal and Regional Marine Studies","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.usfsp.edu/fac_publications/3498","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293188,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/0520577"}],"volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9e3e4b08c986b3225a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porcelli, D.","contributorId":35912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcelli","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersson, P.S.","contributorId":47559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersson","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smoak, J.M.","contributorId":40384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoak","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025369,"text":"70025369 - 2003 - An approach to understanding hydrologic connectivity on the hillslope and the implications for nutrient transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T21:05:49.695466","indexId":"70025369","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach to understanding hydrologic connectivity on the hillslope and the implications for nutrient transport","docAbstract":"Hydrologic processes control much of the export of organic matter and nutrients from the land surface. It is the variability of these hydrologic processes that produces variable patterns of nutrient transport in both space and time. In this paper, we explore how hydrologic “connectivity” potentially affects nutrient transport. Hydrologic connectivity is defined as the condition by which disparate regions on the hillslope are linked via subsurface water flow. We present simulations that suggest that for much of the year, water draining through a catchment is spatially isolated. Only rarely, during storm and snowmelt events when antecedent soil moisture is high, do our simulations suggest that mid-slope saturation (or near saturation) occurs and that a catchment connects from ridge to valley. Observations during snowmelt at a small headwater catchment in Idaho are consistent with these model simulations. During early season discharge episodes, in which the mid-slope soil column is not saturated, the electrical conductivity in the stream remains low, reflecting a restricted, local (lower slope) source of stream water and the continued isolation of upper and mid-slope soil water and nutrients from the stream system. Increased streamflow and higher stream water electrical conductivity, presumably reflecting the release of water from the upper reaches of the catchment, are simultaneously observed when the mid-slope becomes sufficiently wet. This study provides preliminary evidence that the seasonal timing of hydrologic connectivity may affect a range of ecological processes, including downslope nutrient transport, C/N cycling, and biological productivity along the toposequence. A better elucidation of hydrologic connectivity will be necessary for understanding local processes as well as material export from land to water at regional and global scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003gb002041","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Stieglitz, M., Shaman, J., McNamara, J., Engel, V., Shanley, J., and Kling, G., 2003, An approach to understanding hydrologic connectivity on the hillslope and the implications for nutrient transport: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 17, no. 4, 1105, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002041.","productDescription":"1105, 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea0de4b0c8380cd485e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stieglitz, M.","contributorId":73786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stieglitz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaman, J.","contributorId":29612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, J.","contributorId":86549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, V. 0000-0002-3858-7308","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":107905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shanley, J.","contributorId":37488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kling, G.W.","contributorId":22368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kling","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025361,"text":"70025361 - 2003 - Longitudinal analysis of bioaccumulative contaminants in freshwater fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:46:53","indexId":"70025361","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal analysis of bioaccumulative contaminants in freshwater fishes","docAbstract":"The National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) was initiated in 1967 as a component of the National Pesticide Monitoring program. It consists of periodic collection of freshwater fish and other samples and the analysis of the concentrations of persistent environmental contaminants in these samples. For the analysis, the common approach has been to apply the mixed two-way ANOVA model to combined data. A main disadvantage of this method is that it cannot give a detailed temporal trend of the concentrations since the data are grouped. In this paper, we present an alternative approach that performs a longitudinal analysis of the information using random effects models. In the new approach, no grouping is needed and the data are treated as samples from continuous stochastic processes, which seems more appropriate than ANOVA for the problem.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1026044220657","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Kim, Y., and Schmitt, C., 2003, Longitudinal analysis of bioaccumulative contaminants in freshwater fishes: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 10, no. 4, p. 419-428, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026044220657.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209557,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026044220657"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49c0e4b0c8380cd68864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Y.","contributorId":38314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025357,"text":"70025357 - 2003 - Growth and secondary production of aquatic insects along a gradient of Zn contamination in Rocky Mountain streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:27:42.334223","indexId":"70025357","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and secondary production of aquatic insects along a gradient of Zn contamination in Rocky Mountain streams","docAbstract":"Secondary production estimates from several Rocky Mountain streams were used to test hypotheses about the effects of chronic metal contamination on insect populations and ecosystem processes. Quantitative samples of chemistry, habitat, and benthic insects were collected monthly during the ice-free period (May–November) from five 2nd- to 3rd-order streams that varied primarily in Zn contamination. Secondary production was estimated for the 19 dominant taxa using increment-summation, size-frequency, and P/B methods. Uncertainty was estimated by bootstrapping estimates of mean abundance, biomass, and cohort production intervals. Secondary production of metal-sensitive Heptageniidae (Rhithrogena robusta, Cinygmula spp., and Epeorus longimanus) was lower in lightly to moderately contaminated streams than in reference streams. Experiments were done to determine whether herbivore growth was influenced by food quality in contaminated streams. Growth estimates from field and microcosm experiments revealed that low mayfly production in contaminated streams was caused mostly by reduced population abundances. Production of predatory stoneflies was also lower in contaminated streams than reference streams. Estimates of the trophic basis of production revealed that, although the relative contribution to community production from various food sources was similar among streams, total production attributable to algae and animal prey declined in contaminated streams. Much of the reduction in herbivory in contaminated streams was the result of lower production of heptageniids, especially R. robusta. Assemblage and taxon-specific estimates of secondary production were sensitive to variation in metal contamination and indicated that relatively low metal concentrations may have ecosystem-wide consequences for energy flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468355","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D., and Clements, W., 2003, Growth and secondary production of aquatic insects along a gradient of Zn contamination in Rocky Mountain streams: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 22, no. 4, p. 582-597, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468355.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"582","endPage":"597","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dece4b0c8380cd5c142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clements, W.H.","contributorId":78855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025356,"text":"70025356 - 2003 - Mycorrhizal colonization across hydrologic gradients in restored and reference freshwater wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025356","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mycorrhizal colonization across hydrologic gradients in restored and reference freshwater wetlands","docAbstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhizae, which are plant root-fungal symbioses, are common associates of vascular plants. Such relationships, however, are thought to be rare in wetland plant roots, although several recent studies suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizae may be important in wetland ecosystems. Our objectives were to determine (1) the level of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of plant roots in three freshwater marshes and (2) the effect of restoration status, hydrologic zone, and plant species identity on mycorrhizal colonization. We quantified the percentage of plant roots colonized by mycorrhizal fungi in one reference and two restored freshwater marshes in northern Indiana, USA during summer 1999. Roots were collected from soil cores taken around dominant plant species present in each of three hydrologic zones and then stained for microscopic examination of mycorrhizal colonization. Mycorrhizae were present in each wetland, in all hydrologic zones and in all sampled plants, including Carex and Scirpus species previously thought to be non-mycorrhizal. Both restored and reference wetlands had moderate levels of mycorrhizal colonization, but no clear trends in colonization were seen with hydrologic zone, which has been hypothesized to regulate the formation of mycorrhizae in wetlands. Mycorrhizal colonization levels in the roots of individual species ranged from 3 to 90% and were particularly large in members of the Poaceae (grass) family. Our results suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizae may be widely distributed across plant species and hydrologic zones in both restored and reference freshwater marshes. Thus, future research should examine the functional role of mycorrhizal fungi in freshwater wetlands. ?? 2003, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Bauer, C., Kellogg, C., Bridgham, S., and Lamberti, G.A., 2003, Mycorrhizal colonization across hydrologic gradients in restored and reference freshwater wetlands: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 4, p. 961-968.","startPage":"961","endPage":"968","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60ece4b0c8380cd7175d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, C.R.","contributorId":57642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, C.H.","contributorId":82903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bridgham, S.D.","contributorId":40775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridgham","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamberti, G. A.","contributorId":44229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamberti","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025351,"text":"70025351 - 2003 - Inverse modeling of BTEX dissolution and biodegradation at the Bemidji, MN crude-oil spill site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:28:36","indexId":"70025351","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse modeling of BTEX dissolution and biodegradation at the Bemidji, MN crude-oil spill site","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) solute transport and biodegradation code BIOMOC was used in conjunction with the USGS universal inverse modeling code UCODE to quantify field-scale hydrocarbon dissolution and biodegradation at the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program crude-oil spill research site located near Bemidji, MN. This inverse modeling effort used the extensive historical data compiled at the Bemidji site from 1986 to 1997 and incorporated a multicomponent transport and biodegradation model. Inverse modeling was successful when coupled transport and degradation processes were incorporated into the model and a single dissolution rate coefficient was used for all BTEX components. Assuming a stationary oil body, we simulated benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX) concentrations in the oil and ground water, respectively, as well as dissolved oxygen. Dissolution from the oil phase and aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes were represented. The parameters estimated were the recharge rate, hydraulic conductivity, dissolution rate coefficient, individual first-order BTEX anaerobic degradation rates, and transverse dispersivity. Results were similar for simulations obtained using several alternative conceptual models of the hydrologic system and biodegradation processes. The dissolved BTEX concentration data were not sufficient to discriminate between these conceptual models. The calibrated simulations reproduced the general large-scale evolution of the plume, but did not reproduce the observed small-scale spatial and temporal variability in concentrations. The estimated anaerobic biodegradation rates for toluene and o-xylene were greater than the dissolution rate coefficient. However, the estimated anaerobic biodegradation rates for benzene, ethylbenzene, and m,p-xylene were less than the dissolution rate coefficient. The calibrated model was used to determine the BTEX mass balance in the oil body and groundwater plume. Dissolution from the oil body was greatest for compounds with large effective solubilities (benzene) and with large degradation rates (toluene and o-xylene). Anaerobic degradation removed 77% of the BTEX that dissolved into the water phase and aerobic degradation removed 17%. Although goodness-of-fit measures for the alternative conceptual models were not significantly different, predictions made with the models were quite variable.
Dislocation models can simulate static deformation caused by slip along a fault. These models usually take the form of a dislocation embedded in a homogeneous, isotropic, Poisson-solid half-space (HIPSHS). However, the widely accepted HIPSHS assumptions poorly approximate subduction zone systems of converging oceanic and continental crust. This study uses three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) that allow for any combination (including none) of the HIPSHS assumptions to compute synthetic Green's functions for displacement. Using the 1995 Mw = 8.0 Jalisco-Colima, Mexico, subduction zone earthquake and associated measurements from a nearby GPS array as an example, FEM-generated synthetic Green's functions are combined with standard linear inverse methods to estimate dislocation distributions along the subduction interface. Loading a forward HIPSHS model with dislocation distributions, estimated from FEMs that sequentially relax the HIPSHS assumptions, yields the sensitivity of predicted displacements to each of the HIPSHS assumptions. For the subduction zone models tested and the specific field situation considered, sensitivities to the individual Poisson-solid, isotropy, and homogeneity assumptions can be substantially greater than GPS. measurement uncertainties. Forward modeling quantifies stress coupling between the Mw = 8.0 earthquake and a nearby Mw = 6.3 earthquake that occurred 63 days later. Coulomb stress changes predicted from static HIPSHS models cannot account for the 63-day lag time between events. Alternatively, an FEM that includes a poroelastic oceanic crust, which allows for postseismic pore fluid pressure recovery, can account for the lag time. The pore fluid pressure recovery rate puts an upper limit of 10-17 m2 on the bulk permeability of the oceanic crust. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002JB002296","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Masterlark, T., 2003, Finite element model predictions of static deformation from dislocation sources in a subduction zone: Sensitivities to homogeneous, isotropic, Poisson-solid, and half-space assumptions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002296.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jb002296","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a102ae4b0c8380cd53b64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025329,"text":"70025329 - 2003 - Seismic response analysis of an instrumented building structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025329","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1433,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic response analysis of an instrumented building structure","docAbstract":"The Sheraton - Universal hotel, an instrumented building lying in North Hollywood, USA is selected for case study in this paper. The finite element method is used to produce a linear time - invariant structural model, and the SAP2000 program is employed for the time history analysis of the instrumented structure under the base excitation of strong motions recorded in the basement during the Northridge, California earthquake of 17 January 1994. The calculated structural responses are compared with the recorded data in both time domain and frequency domain, and the effects of structural parameters evaluation and indeterminate factors are discussed. Some features of structural response, such as the reason why the peak responses of acceleration in the ninth floor are larger than those in the sixteenth floor, are also explained.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10001301","usgsCitation":"Li, H., Zhu, S., and Çelebi, M., 2003, Seismic response analysis of an instrumented building structure: Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, v. 23, no. 6, p. 31-36.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b57e4b08c986b31776c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, H.-J.","contributorId":28041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, S.-Y.","contributorId":33906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025324,"text":"70025324 - 2003 - Contribution of climate-driven change in continental water storage to recent sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025324","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of climate-driven change in continental water storage to recent sea-level rise","docAbstract":"Using a global model of continental water balance, forced by interannual variations in precipitation and near-surface atmospheric temperature for the period 1981-1998, we estimate the sea-level changes associated with climate-driven changes in storage of water as snowpack, soil water, and ground water; storage in ice sheets and large lakes is not considered. The 1981-1998 trend is estimated to be 0.12 mm/yr, and substantial interannual fluctuations are inferred; for 1993-1998, the trend is 0.25 mm/yr. At the decadal time scale, the terrestrial contribution to eustatic (i.e., induced by mass exchange) sea-level rise is significantly smaller than the estimated steric (i.e., induced by density changes) trend for the same period, but is not negligibly small. In the model the sea-level rise is driven mainly by a downtrend in continental precipitation during the study period, which we believe was generated by natural variability in the climate system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2134014100","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., Cazenave, A., and Gennero, M., 2003, Contribution of climate-driven change in continental water storage to recent sea-level rise: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 100, no. 23, p. 13158-13161, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2134014100.","startPage":"13158","endPage":"13161","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478550,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/263733","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2134014100"}],"volume":"100","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa81e4b0c8380cd4db31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cazenave, A.","contributorId":82110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cazenave","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gennero, M.C.","contributorId":70168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gennero","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025320,"text":"70025320 - 2003 - Real-time seismic data from the coastal ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:03:53","indexId":"70025320","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Real-time seismic data from the coastal ocean","docAbstract":"A moored-buoy system for collecting real-time seismic data from the coastal ocean has been developed and will be deployed for its initial field trial in the fall of 2003. The key component in this moored system is an ultra-stretchy mooring hose that provides compliance for waves and currents and protects the electrical conductors connecting an Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) to a surface buoy from the effects of bending and stretching. This hose is able to stretch to more than twice its unstretched length of 30 m without putting excessive strain on the electrical conductors embedded in its wall. In the initial trials of this system, the OBS will be deployed on the bottom in 40 m of water and connected to the mooring hose through a cable on the seafloor. It will transmit continuous data at a rate of about 5,000 bps to a radio link in the surface buoy. A repeater modem located at the Gay Head lighthouse on Martha's Vineyard about 18 km from the mooring site will receive the transmissions and forward the data to our laboratory at WHOI, about 46 km distant. A GPS receiver on the surface buoy will be configured to send accurate and synchronized time to the OBS on the seafloor, which will make it possible to include data from these undersea systems in the existing seismic data network without the need for any preprocessing. Power to operate the RF link and the OBS will be supplied by solar panels and rechargeable batteries on the surface buoy.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Celebrating the Past... Teaming Toward the Fututre","conferenceDate":"September 22-26, 2003","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178525","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Frye, D., ten Brink, U., Paul, W., Peal, K., and Von Der Heydt, K., 2003, Real-time seismic data from the coastal ocean, in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), v. 1, San Diego, CA, September 22-26, 2003, p. 81-85, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178525.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95ace4b0c8380cd81b7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frye, D.","contributorId":53084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paul, W.","contributorId":33903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peal, K.","contributorId":26495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peal","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Von Der Heydt, K.","contributorId":9444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Der Heydt","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025319,"text":"70025319 - 2003 - Copepod communities from surface and ground waters in the everglades, south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T19:30:47.088586","indexId":"70025319","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copepod communities from surface and ground waters in the everglades, south Florida","docAbstract":"We studied species composition and individual abundance of copepods in the surficial aquifer northeast of Everglades National Park. We identified the spatial distribution of subsurface habitats by assessing the depth of the high porosity layers in the limestone along a canal system, and we used copepods to assess the exchange between surface water and ground water along canal banks, at levels in the wells where high porosity connections to the canals exist. Surface- and ground-water taxa were defined, and species composition was related to areal position, sampling depth, and time. Subsurface copepod communities were dominated by surface copepods that disperse into the aquifer following the groundwater seepage along canal L-31N. The similarities in species composition between wells along canal reaches, suggest that copepods mainly enter ground water horizontally along canals via active and passive dispersal. Thus, the copepod populations indicate continuous connections between surface- and ground waters. The most abundant species were Orthocyclops modestus, Arctodiaptomus floridanus, Mesocyclops edax, and Thermocyclops parvus, all known in literature from surface habitats; however, these species have been collected in ground water in ENP. Only two stygophiles were collected: Diacylcops nearcticus and Diacyclops crassicaudis brachycercus. Restoration of the Everglades ecosystem requires a mosaic of data to reveal a complete picture of this complex system. The use of copepods as indicators of seepage could be a tool in helping to assess the direction and the duration of surface and ground water exchange.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0523:CCFSAG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Bruno, M., Cunningham, K., and Perry, S., 2003, Copepod communities from surface and ground waters in the everglades, south Florida: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 2, no. 4, p. 523-546, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0523:CCFSAG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"546","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"south Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 24.44714958973082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf2e4b0c8380cd4e04d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruno, M.C.","contributorId":17402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruno","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, S.A.","contributorId":50113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025315,"text":"70025315 - 2003 - Characterization of yield reduction in Ethiopia using a GIS-based crop water balance model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T14:19:25","indexId":"70025315","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of yield reduction in Ethiopia using a GIS-based crop water balance model","docAbstract":"In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, subsistence agriculture is characterized by significant fluctuations in yield and production due to variations in moisture availability to staple crops. Widespread drought can lead to crop failures, with associated deterioration in food security. Ground data collection networks are sparse, so methods using geospatial rainfall estimates derived from satellite and gauge observations, where available, have been developed to calculate seasonal crop water balances. Using conventional crop production data for 4 years in Ethiopia (1996-1999), it was found that water-limited and water-unlimited growing regions can be distinguished. Furthermore, maize growing conditions are also indicative of conditions for sorghum. However, another major staple, teff, was found to behave sufficiently differently from maize to warrant studies of its own.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5589/m03-039","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., and Verdin, J., 2003, Characterization of yield reduction in Ethiopia using a GIS-based crop water balance model: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 29, no. 6, p. 687-692, https://doi.org/10.5589/m03-039.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"692","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4ece4b0c8380cd4bfdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":26112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025312,"text":"70025312 - 2003 - Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025312","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Variable density ground water flow models are rarely used to estimate submarine ground water discharge because of limitations in computer speed, data availability, and availability of a simulation tool that can minimize numerical dispersion. This paper presents an application of the SEAWAT code, which is a combined version of MODFLOW and MT3D, to estimate rates of submarine ground water discharge to a coastal marine estuary. Discharge rates were estimated for Biscayne Bay, Florida, for the period from January 1989 to September 1998 using a three-dimensional, variable density ground water flow and transport model. Hydrologic stresses in the 10-layer model include recharge, evapotranspiration, ground water withdrawals from municipal wellfields, interactions with surface water (canals in urban areas and wetlands in the Everglades), boundary fluxes, and submarine ground water discharge to Biscayne Bay. The model was calibrated by matching ground water levels in monitoring wells, baseflow to canals, and the position of the 1995 salt water intrusion line. Results suggest that fresh submarine ground water discharge to Biscayne Bay may have exceeded surface water discharge during the 1989, 1990, and 1991 dry seasons, but the average discharge for the entire simulation period was only ???10% of the surface water discharge to the bay. Results from the model also suggest that tidal canals intercept fresh ground water that might otherwise have discharged directly to Biscayne Bay. This application demonstrates that regional scale variable density models are potentially useful tools for estimating rates of submarine ground water discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C., 2003, Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 6, p. 758-771, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x.","startPage":"758","endPage":"771","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x"},{"id":235964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9007e4b08c986b319294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}