The toxicity of o,p′-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethylene) was evaluated in embryos of medaka (Oryzias latipes) following a one time exposure via nanoinjection. Medaka eggs (early gastrula) were injected with 0.5 nl of triolein (vehicle control) or 0.5 nl of 4 graded doses (0.0005-0.5 ng/egg) of o,p′-DDE in triolein. Embryos were allowed to develop, and fry were reared. Embryonic survival was monitored daily during the first 10 d until hatching and thereafter, on a weekly basis until day 59, at which time the fish were monitored for sexual maturity until day 107. In general, o,p′-DDE caused a dose- and time-dependent mortality. No changes in mortality were observed between the last two time points (day 38 and 59, respectively), and hence a 59 day-LD50 of 346 ng o,p′-DDE/egg was derived from the linear dose-response relationship. Prior to late stage death, only isolated cases of cardiovascular lesions and spinal deformities were observed, but were not dose-dependent. The lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL), based on upper 95% CI for regression line=0.0018 mg/kg, and the LOAEL based on exposure doses=0.5 mg/kg. Likewise, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) based on linear extrapolation to 100% survival=0.0000388 mg/kg, while the NOAEL based on exposure doses=0.05 mg/kg. The nanoinjection medaka model has potential in the study of hormonally active compounds in the environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00583-6","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Villalobos, S.A., Papoulias, D.M., Pastva, S.D., Blankenship, A.L., Meadows, J.C., Tillitt, D.E., and Giesy, J.P., 2003, Toxicity of o,p′-DDE to medaka d-rR strain after a one-time embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: An early through juvenile life cycle assessment: Chemosphere, v. 53, no. 8, p. 819-826, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00583-6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"826","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00583-6"}],"volume":"53","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb609e4b08c986b326a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villalobos, Sergio A.","contributorId":58802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villalobos","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pastva, Stephanie D.","contributorId":103027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastva","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blankenship, Alan L.","contributorId":51047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meadows, John C. jmeadows@usgs.gov","contributorId":3024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"John","email":"jmeadows@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":404671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025298,"text":"70025298 - 2003 - Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T18:34:11","indexId":"70025298","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites","docAbstract":"A new method for calculation of layer charge and charge distribution of smectites is proposed. The method is based on comparisons between X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of K-saturated, ethylene glycol-solvated, oriented samples and calculated XRD patterns for three-component, mixed-layer systems. For the calculated patterns it is assumed that the measured patterns can be modeled as random interstratifications of fully expanding 17.1 Å layers, partially expanding 13.5 Å layers and non-expanding 9.98 Å layers. The technique was tested using 29 well characterized smectites. According to their XRD patterns, smectites were classified as group 1 (low-charge smectites) and group 2 (high-charge smectites). The boundary between the two groups is at a layer charge of −0.46 equivalents per half unit-cell. Low-charge smectites are dominated by 17.1 Å layers, whereas high-charge smectites contain only 20% fully expandable layers on average. Smectite properties and industrial applications may be dictated by the proportion of 17.1 Å layers present. Non-expanding layers may control the behavior of smectites during weathering, facilitating the formation of illite layers after subsequent cycles of wetting and drying. The precision of the method is better than 3.5% at a layer charge of −0.50; therefore the method should be useful for basic research and for industrial purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510607","usgsCitation":"Christidis, G., and Eberl, D.D., 2003, Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 51, no. 6, p. 644-655, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510607.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"655","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb0e4b0c8380cd4f329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christidis, G.E.","contributorId":48366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christidis","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025295,"text":"70025295 - 2003 - Modeling aqueous ferrous iron chemistry at low temperatures with application to Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025295","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling aqueous ferrous iron chemistry at low temperatures with application to Mars","docAbstract":"Major uncertainties exist with respect to the aqueous geochemical evolution of the Martian surface. Considering the prevailing cryogenic climates and the abundance of salts and iron minerals on Mars, any attempt at comprehensive modeling of Martian aqueous chemistry should include iron chemistry and be valid at low temperatures and high solution concentrations. The objectives of this paper were to (1) estimate ferrous iron Pitzer-equation parameters and iron mineral solubility products at low temperatures (from < 0 ??C to 25 ??C), (2) incorporate these parameters and solubility products into the FREZCHEM model, and (3) use the model to simulate the surficial aqueous geochemical evolution of Mars. Ferrous iron Pitzer-equation parameters were derived in this work or taken from the literature. Six new iron minerals [FeCl2??4H2O, FeCl2??6H2O, FeSO4??H2O, FeSO4??7H2O, FeCO3, and Fe(OH)3] were added to the FREZCHEM model bringing the total solid phases to 56. Agreement between model predictions and experimental data are fair to excellent for the ferrous systems: Fe-Cl, Fe-SO4, Fe-HCO3, H-Fe-Cl, and H-Fe-SO4. We quantified a conceptual model for the aqueous geochemical evolution of the Martian surface. The five stages of the conceptual model are: (1) carbonic acid weathering of primary ferromagnesian minerals to form an initial magnesium-iron-bicarbonate-rich solution; (2) evaporation and precipitation of carbonates, including siderite (FeCO3), with evolution of the brine to a concentrated NaCl solution; (3) ferrous/ferric iron oxidation; (4) either evaporation or freezing of the brine to dryness; and (5) surface acidification. What began as a dilute Mg-Fe-HCO3 dominated leachate representing ferromagnesian weathering evolved into an Earth-like seawater composition dominated by NaCl, and finally into a hypersaline Mg-Na-SO4-Cl brine. Weathering appears to have taken place initially under conditions that allowed solution of ferrous iron [low O2(g)], but later caused oxidation of iron [high O2(g)]. Surface acidification and/or sediment burial can account for the minor amounts of Martian surface carbonates. This model rests on a large number of assumptions and is therefore speculative. Nevertheless, the model is consistent with current understanding concerning surficial salts and minerals based on Martian meteorites, Mars lander data, and remotely-sensed spectral analyses. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00372-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Marion, G., Catling, D., and Kargel, J., 2003, Modeling aqueous ferrous iron chemistry at low temperatures with application to Mars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, no. 22, p. 4251-4266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00372-7.","startPage":"4251","endPage":"4266","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00372-7"},{"id":235694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdee4b0c8380cd6f872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, G.M.","contributorId":44691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catling, D.C.","contributorId":78135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catling","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025294,"text":"70025294 - 2003 - Effect of isolated fractures on accelerated flow in unsaturated porous rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:11:08","indexId":"70025294","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of isolated fractures on accelerated flow in unsaturated porous rock","docAbstract":"Fractures that begin and end in the unsaturated zone, or isolated fractures, have been ignored in previous studies because they were generally assumed to behave as capillary barriers and remain nonconductive. We conducted a series of experiments using Berea sandstone samples to examine the physical mechanisms controlling flow in a rock containing a single isolated fracture. The input fluxes and fracture orientation were varied in these experiments. Visualization experiments using dyed water in a thin vertical slab of rock were conducted to identify flow mechanisms occurring due to the presence of the isolated fracture. Two mechanisms occurred: (1) localized flow through the rock matrix in the vicinity of the isolated fracture and (2) pooling of water at the bottom of the fracture, indicating the occurrence of film flow along the isolated fracture wall. These mechanisms were observed at fracture angles of 20 and 60 degrees from the horizontal, but not at 90 degrees. Pooling along the bottom of the fracture was observed over a wider range of input fluxes for low‐angled isolated fractures compared to high‐angled ones. Measurements of matrix water pressures in the samples with the 20 and 60 degree fractures also demonstrated that preferential flow occurred through the matrix in the fracture vicinity, where higher pressures occurred in the regions where faster flow was observed in the visualization experiments. The pooling length at the terminus of a 20 degree isolated fracture was measured as a function of input flux. Calculations of the film flow rate along the fracture were made using these measurements and indicated that up to 22% of the flow occurred as film flow. These experiments, apparently the first to consider isolated fractures, demonstrate that such features can accelerate flow through the unsaturated zone and should be considered when developing conceptual models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001691","usgsCitation":"Su, G.W., Nimmo, J.R., and Dragila, M.I., 2003, Effect of isolated fractures on accelerated flow in unsaturated porous rock: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1-1-1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001691.","productDescription":"Article 1326; 5 p.","startPage":"1-1","endPage":"1-5","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001691","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05f0e4b0c8380cd51033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Grace W.","contributorId":145734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Su","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dragila, Maria I.","contributorId":8657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dragila","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025293,"text":"70025293 - 2003 - Polybaric evolution of phonolite, trachyte, and rhyolite volcanoes in eastern Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica: Controls on peralkalinity and silica saturation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T21:10:28.185089","indexId":"70025293","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polybaric evolution of phonolite, trachyte, and rhyolite volcanoes in eastern Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica: Controls on peralkalinity and silica saturation","docAbstract":"In the Marie Byrd Land volcanic province, peralkaline and metaluminous trachytes, phonolites, and rhyolites occur in 18 large shield volcanoes that are closely associated in time and space. They are arrayed radially across an 800 km wide structural dome, with the oldest at the crest and the youngest around the flanks. Several lines of evidence suggest that these rocks evolved via opensystem, polybaric fractionation. We have used mass balance modeling of major elements together with trace-element data and mineral chemistry to help explain the evolution of this diverse suite of felsic rocks, which appear to have been generated coevally in isolated magma chambers, and erupted close to each other in patterns related to tectonic uplift and extension within the West Antarctic rift system. Isotopic and trace-element data indicate that this occurred with only minimal crustal contamination. We focus on volcanoes of the Executive Committee Range and Mount Murphy, where we find good representation of basalts and felsic rocks within a small area. Our results suggest that the felsic rocks were derived from basaltic magmas that differentiated at multiple levels during their passage to the surface: first to ferrogabbroic compositions near the base of the lithosphere, then to intermediate compositions near the base of the crust, and finally to felsic compositions in mid- to upper crustal reservoirs. The high-pressure history has been largely masked by low-pressure processes. The best indications of a high-pressure history are the mineral phases in cumulate nodules and their correlation with modeling results, with REE anomalies, and with the composition of an unusual gabbroic intrusion. Silica saturation characteristics are believed to have originated in magma chambers near the base of the crust, via fractionation of variable proportions of kaersutite and plagioclase. Development of peralkalinity in felsic rocks took place in upper crustal reservoirs by fractionating a high ratio of plagioclase to clinopyroxene under conditions of low pH2O. With increasing pH2O, the ratio plagioclase/clinopyroxene in the fractionated assemblage decreases and metaluminous liquids resulted. Crustal contamination seems to have had a role in suppressing peralkalinity, and was probably a factor in the origin of high-silica metaluminous rhyolite, but metaluminous rocks are uncommon. The volume and diversity of felsic rocks were probably enhanced by the structure of the lithosphere, the persistence of plume activity, and the immobility of the Antarctic plate. Mechanical boundaries at the base of the lithosphere and crust, and within the crust, appear to have acted as filters, trapping magmas at multiple levels, and prolonging the fractionation process. Final volumes would have been further enhanced by repeated refluxing of the same magma chambers, controlled by plume activity and plate immobility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.45.12.1055","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"LeMasurier, W., Futa, K., Hole, M., and Kawachi, Y., 2003, Polybaric evolution of phonolite, trachyte, and rhyolite volcanoes in eastern Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica: Controls on peralkalinity and silica saturation: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 12, p. 1055-1099, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.45.12.1055.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1099","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"45","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ce6e4b0c8380cd79c3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeMasurier, W.E.","contributorId":7006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeMasurier","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Futa, K.","contributorId":26435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hole, M.","contributorId":80876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hole","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kawachi, Y.","contributorId":45875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawachi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025291,"text":"70025291 - 2003 - Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:41:30.65017","indexId":"70025291","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data","docAbstract":"The Salton Trough in southeastern California, United States, has one of the highest seismicity and deformation rates in southern California, including 20 earthquakes M 6 or larger since 1892. From 1972 through 1987, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measured a 41-station trilateration network in this region. We remeasured 37 of the USGS baselines using survey-mode Global Positioning System methods from 1995 through 1999. We estimate the Salton Trough deformation field over a nearly 30-year period through combined analysis of baseline length time series from these two datasets. Our primary result is that strain accumulation has been steady over our observation span, at a resolution of about 0.05 μstrain/yr at 95% confidence, with no evidence for significant long-term strain transients despite the occurrence of seven large regional earthquakes during our observation period. Similar to earlier studies, we find that the regional strain field is consistent with 0.5 ± 0.03 μstrain/yr total engineering shear strain along an axis oriented 311.6° ± 23° east of north, approximately parallel to the strike of the major regional faults, the San Andreas and San Jacinto (all uncertainties in the text and tables are standard deviations unless otherwise noted). We also find that (1) the shear strain rate near the San Jacinto fault is at least as high as it is near the San Andreas fault, (2) the areal dilatation near the southeastern Salton Sea is significant, and (3) one station near the southeastern Salton Sea moved anomalously during the period 1987.95-1995.11.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120030014","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Agnew, D., and Johnson, H., 2003, Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 6, p. 2402-2414, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2402","endPage":"2414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southeast California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.72949218749999,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -117.72949218749999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -117.72949218749999,\n 32.58384932565662\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab03ae4b0c8380cd879cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, G.","contributorId":26490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, D.C.","contributorId":32186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, H.O.","contributorId":13796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025287,"text":"70025287 - 2003 - US National Large-scale City Orthoimage Standard Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025287","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"US National Large-scale City Orthoimage Standard Initiative","docAbstract":"The early procedures and algorithms for National digital orthophoto generation in National Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP) were based on earlier USGS mapping operations, such as field control, aerotriangulation (derived in the early 1920's), the quarter-quadrangle-centered (3.75 minutes of longitude and latitude in geographic extent), 1:40,000 aerial photographs, and 2.5 D digital elevation models. However, large-scale city orthophotos using early procedures have disclosed many shortcomings, e.g., ghost image, occlusion, shadow. Thus, to provide the technical base (algorithms, procedure) and experience needed for city large-scale digital orthophoto creation is essential for the near future national large-scale digital orthophoto deployment and the revision of the Standards for National Large-scale City Digital Orthophoto in National Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP). This paper will report our initial research results as follows: (1) High-precision 3D city DSM generation through LIDAR data processing, (2) Spatial objects/features extraction through surface material information and high-accuracy 3D DSM data, (3) 3D city model development, (4) Algorithm development for generation of DTM-based orthophoto, and DBM-based orthophoto, (5) True orthophoto generation by merging DBM-based orthophoto and DTM-based orthophoto, and (6) Automatic mosaic by optimizing and combining imagery from many perspectives.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2003 IGARSS: Learning From Earth's Shapes and Colours","conferenceDate":"21 July 2003 through 25 July 2003","conferenceLocation":"Toulouse","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Zhou, G., Song, C., Benjamin, S., and Schickler, W., 2003, US National Large-scale City Orthoimage Standard Initiative, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 6, Toulouse, 21 July 2003 through 25 July 2003, p. 3739-3741.","startPage":"3739","endPage":"3741","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb53e4b08c986b32862d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Song, C.","contributorId":80881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benjamin, S.","contributorId":23474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schickler, W.","contributorId":20526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schickler","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025258,"text":"70025258 - 2003 - Searching for a life history approach to salmon escapement management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025258","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Searching for a life history approach to salmon escapement management","docAbstract":"A number of Pacific salmon populations have already been lost and many others throughout the range are in various states of decline. Recent research has documented that Pacific salmon carcasses serve as a key delivery vector of marine-derived nutrients into the freshwater portions of their ecosystems. This nutrient supply plays a critical biological feedback role in salmon sustainability by supporting juvenile salmon production. We first demonstrate how nutrient feedback potential to juvenile production may be unaccounted for in spawner-recruit models of populations under long-term exploitation. We then present a heuristic, life history-based, spreadsheet survival model that incorporates salmon carcass-driven nutrient feedback to the freshwater components of the salmon ecosystem. The productivity of a hypothetical coho salmon population was simulated using rates from the literature for survival from spawner to egg, egg to fry, fry to smolt, and smolt to adult. The effects of climate variation and nutrient feedback on survival were incorporated, as were density-dependent effects of the numbers of spawners and fry on freshwater survival of eggs and juveniles. The unexploited equilibrium population was subjected to 100 years of 20, 40, 60, and 80% harvest. Each harvest scenario greater than 20% brought the population to a reduced steady state, regardless of generous compensatory survival at low population sizes. Increasing harvest reduced the positive effects of nutrient contributions to population growth. Salmon researchers should further explore this modeling approach for establishing escapement goals. Given the importance of nutrient feedback, managers should strive for generous escapements that support nutrient rebuilding, as well as egg deposition, to ensure strong future salmon production.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Knudsen, E., Symmes, E., and Margraf, F., 2003, Searching for a life history approach to salmon escapement management: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2003, no. 34, p. 261-276.","startPage":"261","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2003","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8853e4b08c986b3168f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knudsen, E.E.","contributorId":26116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Symmes, E.W.","contributorId":45095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symmes","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Margraf, F.J.","contributorId":47738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025252,"text":"70025252 - 2003 - Mechanism for generating the anomalous uplift of oceanic core complexes: Atlantis Bank, southwest Indian Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025252","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanism for generating the anomalous uplift of oceanic core complexes: Atlantis Bank, southwest Indian Ridge","docAbstract":"Atlantis Bank is an anomalously uplifted oceanic core complex adjacent to the Atlantis II transform, on the southwest Indian Ridge, that rises >3 km above normal seafloor of the same age. Models of flexural uplift due to detachment faulting can account for ???1 km of this uplift. Postdetachment normal faults have been observed during submersible dives and on swath bathymetry. Two transform-parallel, large-offset (hundreds of meters) normal faults are identified on the eastern flank of Atlantis Bank, with numerous smaller faults (tens of meters) on the western flank. Flexural uplift associated with this transform-parallel normal faulting is consistent with gravity data and can account for the remaining anomalous uplift of Atlantis Bank. Extension normal to the Atlantis II transform may have occurred during a 12 m.y. period of transtension initiated by a 10?? change in spreading direction ca. 19.5 Ma. This extension may have produced the 120-km-long transverse ridge of which Atlantis Bank is a part, and is consistent with stress reorientation about a weak transform fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G19829.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Baines, A., Cheadle, M.J., Dick, H., Scheirer, A., John, B., Kusznir, N., and Matsumoto, T., 2003, Mechanism for generating the anomalous uplift of oceanic core complexes: Atlantis Bank, southwest Indian Ridge: Geology, v. 31, no. 12, p. 1105-1108, https://doi.org/10.1130/G19829.1.","startPage":"1105","endPage":"1108","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G19829.1"},{"id":236218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5360e4b0c8380cd6ca3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baines, A.G.","contributorId":51517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baines","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheadle, Michael J.","contributorId":68945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheadle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dick, H.J.B.","contributorId":7012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"H.J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scheirer, A.H.","contributorId":108303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheirer","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"John, Barbara E.","contributorId":61833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kusznir, N.J.","contributorId":32716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusznir","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matsumoto, T.","contributorId":105479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025247,"text":"70025247 - 2003 - Assessing recovery feasibility for piping plovers using optimization and simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025247","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing recovery feasibility for piping plovers using optimization and simulation","docAbstract":"Optimization and simulation modeling can be used to account for demographic and economic factors simultaneously in a comprehensive analysis of endangered-species population recovery. This is a powerful approach that is broadly applicable but underutilized in conservation biology. We applied the approach to a population recovery analysis of threatened and endangered piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) in the Great Plains of North America. Predator exclusion increases the reproductive success of piping plovers, but the most cost-efficient strategy of applying predator exclusion and the number of protected breeding pairs necessary to prevent further population declines were unknown. We developed a linear programming model to define strategies that would either maximize fledging rates or minimize financial costs by allocating plover pairs to 1 of 6 types of protection. We evaluated the optimal strategies using a stochastic population simulation model. The minimum cost to achieve a 20% chance of stabilizing simulated populations was approximately $1-11 million over 50 years. Increasing reproductive success to 1.24 fledglings/pair at minimal cost in any given area required fencing 85% of pairs at managed sites but cost 23% less than the current approach. Maximum fledging rates resulted in >20% of simulated populations reaching recovery goals in 30-50 years at cumulative costs of <$16 million. Protecting plover pairs within 50 km of natural resource agency field offices was sufficient to increase simulated populations to established recovery goals. A range-wide management plan needs to be developed and implemented to foster the involvement and cooperation among managers that will be necessary for recovery efforts to be successful. We also discuss how our approach can be applied to a variety of wildlife management issues.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Larson, M., Ryan, M., and Murphy, R., 2003, Assessing recovery feasibility for piping plovers using optimization and simulation: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 4, p. 1105-1116.","startPage":"1105","endPage":"1116","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddfe4b0c8380cd49a7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, M.A.","contributorId":15814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, M.R.","contributorId":92198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, R.K.","contributorId":48910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025243,"text":"70025243 - 2003 - Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid alluvial stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:24:33","indexId":"70025243","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid alluvial stream","docAbstract":"Hydrologic retention of solutes in hyporheic zones or other slowly moving waters of natural channels is thought to be a significant control on biogeochemical cycling and ecology of streams. To learn more about factors affecting hydrologic retention, we repeated stream-tracer injections for 5 years in a semi-arid alluvial stream (Pinal Creek, Ariz.) during a period when streamflow was decreasing, channel width increasing, and coverage of aquatic macrophytes expanding. Average stream velocity at Pinal Creek decreased from 0.8 to 0.2 m/s, average stream depth decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 m, and average channel width expanded from 3 to 13 m. Modeling of tracer experiments indicated that the hydrologic retention factor (Rh), a measure of the average time that solute spends in storage per unit length of downstream transport, increased from 0.02 to 8 s/m. At the same time the ratio of cross-sectional area of storage zones to main channel cross-sectional area (As/A) increased from 0.2 to 0.8 m2/m2, and average water residence time in storage zones (ts) increased from 5 to 24 min. Compared with published data from four other streams in the US, Pinal Creek experienced the greatest change in hydrologic retention for a given change in streamflow. The other streams differed from Pinal Creek in that they experienced a change in streamflow between tracer experiments without substantial geomorphic or vegetative adjustments. As a result, a regression of hydrologic retention on streamflow developed for the other streams underpredicted the measured increases in hydrologic retention at Pinal Creek. The increase in hydrologic retention at Pinal Creek was more accurately predicted when measurements of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor were used (either alone or in addition to streamflow) as a predictor variable. We conclude that relatively simple measurements of channel friction are useful for predicting the response of hydrologic retention in streams to major adjustments in channel morphology as well as changes in streamflow.
As part of the World Climate Research Program's (WCRPs) Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-scale International Project (GCIP), a preliminary water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS) was developed for the period 1996-1999 fromthe \"best available\" observations and models. Besides this summary paper, a companion CD-ROM with more extensive discussion, figures, tables, and raw data is available to the interested researcher from the GEWEX project office, the GAPP project office, or the first author. An updated online version of the CD-ROM is also available at http://ecpc.ucsd.edu/gcip/webs.htm/. Observations cannot adequately characterize or \"close\" budgets since too many fundamental processes are missing. Models that properly represent the many complicated atmospheric and near-surface interactions are also required. This preliminary synthesis therefore included a representative global general circulation model, regional climate model, and a macroscale hydrologic model as well as a global reanalysis and a regional analysis. By the qualitative agreement among the models and available observations, it did appear that we now qualitatively understand water and energy budgets of the Mississippi River Basin. However, there is still much quantitative uncertainty. In that regard, there did appear to be a clear advantage to using a regional analysis over a global analysis or a regional simulation over a global simulation to describe the Mississippi River Basin water and energy budgets. There also appeared to be some advantage to using a macroscale hydrologic model for at least the surface water budgets. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002JD002583","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Roads, J., Lawford, R., Bainto, E., Berbery, E., Chen, S., Fekete, B., Gallo, K., Grundstein, A., Higgins, W., Kanamitsu, M., Krajewski, W., Lakshmi, V., Leathers, D., Lettenmaier, D., Luo, L., Maurer, E., Meyers, T., Miller, D., Mitchell, K., Mote, T., Pinker, R., Reichler, T., Robinson, D., Robock, A., Smith, J., Srinivasan, G., Verdin, K., Vinnikov, K., Vonder, H.T., Vorosmarty, C., Williams, S., and Yarosh, E., 2003, GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS): Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002583.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1445e4b0c8380cd54990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roads, J.","contributorId":48370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roads","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawford, R.","contributorId":106295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawford","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bainto, 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D.","contributorId":57640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Robock, A.","contributorId":20130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robock","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Smith, J.","contributorId":95013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Srinivasan, G.","contributorId":22950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Srinivasan","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Verdin, K.L. 0000-0002-6114-4660","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":33505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Vinnikov, K.","contributorId":29620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinnikov","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Vonder, Haar T.","contributorId":31560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vonder","given":"Haar","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Vorosmarty, C.","contributorId":79276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vorosmarty","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Williams, S.","contributorId":18514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Yarosh, E.","contributorId":83726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarosh","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32}]}} ,{"id":70025234,"text":"70025234 - 2003 - Importance of Sediment-Water Interactions in Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho, USA: Management Implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:46:24","indexId":"70025234","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of Sediment-Water Interactions in Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho, USA: Management Implications","docAbstract":"A field study at Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho, USA, was conducted between October 1998 and August 2001 to examine the potential importance of sediment-water interactions on contaminant transport and to provide the first direct measurements of the benthic flux of dissolved solutes of environmental concern in this lake. Because of potential ecological effects, dissolved zinc and orthophosphate were the solutes of primary interest. Results from deployments of an in situ flux chamber indicated that benthic fluxes of dissolved Zn and orthophosphate were comparable in magnitude to riverine inputs. Tracer analyses and benthic-community metrics provided evidence that solute benthic flux were diffusion-controlled at the flux-chamber deployment sites. That is, effects of biomixing (or bioturbation) and ground-water interactions did not strongly influence benthic flux. Remediation efforts in the river might not produce desired water-quality effects in the lake because imposed shifts in concentration gradients near the sediment-water interface would generate a benthic feedback response. Therefore, development of water-quality models to justify remediation strategies requires consideration of contaminant flux between the water column and underlying sediment in basins that have been affected by long-term (decadal) anthropogenic activities.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-003-0020-7","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., Carter, J., Topping, B., Fend, S., Woods, P.F., Berelson, W., and Balistrieri, L.S., 2003, Importance of Sediment-Water Interactions in Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho, USA: Management Implications: Environmental Management, v. 32, no. 3, p. 348-359, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0020-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"359","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0020-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d’Alene Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 47.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3932e4b0c8380cd6183c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, B.R.","contributorId":97541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woods, P. F.","contributorId":97509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berelson, W.M.","contributorId":44337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berelson","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025233,"text":"70025233 - 2003 - Numerical modeling of coupled nitrification-denitrification in sediment perfusion cores from the hyporheic zone of the Shingobee River, MN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:45:02","indexId":"70025233","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of coupled nitrification-denitrification in sediment perfusion cores from the hyporheic zone of the Shingobee River, MN","docAbstract":"Nitrification and denitrification kinetics in sediment perfusion cores were numerically modeled and compared to experiments on cores from the Shingobee River MN, USA. The experimental design incorporated mixing groundwater discharge with stream water penetration into the cores, which provided a well-defined, one-dimensional simulation of in situ hydrologic conditions. Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) concentration gradients suggested the upper region of the cores supported coupled nitrification–denitrification, where groundwater-derived NH4+ was first oxidized to NO3− then subsequently reduced via denitrification to N2. Nitrification and denitrification were modeled using a Crank–Nicolson finite difference approximation to a one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation. Both processes were modeled using first-order reaction kinetics because substrate concentrations (NH4+ and NO3−) were much smaller than published Michaelis constants. Rate coefficients for nitrification and denitrification ranged from 0.2 to 15.8 h−1 and 0.02 to 8.0 h−1, respectively. The rate constants followed an Arrhenius relationship between 7.5 and 22 °C. Activation energies for nitrification and denitrification were 162 and 97.3 kJ/mol, respectively. Seasonal NH4+ concentration patterns in the Shingobee River were accurately simulated from the relationship between perfusion core temperature and NH4+ flux to the overlying water. The simulations suggest that NH4+ in groundwater discharge is controlled by sediment nitrification that, consistent with its activation energy, is strongly temperature dependent.
Subspecies of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) exhibit wide variation in body size across their range. To monitor harvest levels in the Pacific Flyway, biologists commonly use culmen length and plumage color to differentiate among subspecies on sympatric wintering grounds. Among the four large-bodied Pacific subspecies (B. c. parvipes, B. c. occidentalis, B. c. fulva, and B. c. moffitti), overlap in culmen length and subjectivity of visually assessing color results in misclassification and inaccurate harvest estimates. We examined the morphology of Pacific large-bodied Canada Geese to characterize body size variation among subspecies and provide more discriminatory measures for harvest assessments. We found that culmen length, one of the most commonly used field measures, overlapped widely among subspecies, and it had little support for inclusion in discriminatory models. Morphological measures with greater explanatory power included bill width at nail, bill width at base, head length, and mid wing. If culmen length and plumage color continue to be used to assess winter harvest, we recommend the addition of at least one sex-specific measurement to reduce levels of misclassification among subspecies. If an additional morphological measure is included, further evaluation on the wintering grounds should be conducted as this measure's effectiveness may vary depending upon observer bias, temporal and spatial variation in subspecies abundance, and the proportion of birds accurately sexed by cloacal examination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-74.4.357","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., and Bollinger, K.S., 2003, Morphological traits of Pacific Flyway Canada Geese as an aid to subspecies identification and management: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 74, no. 4, p. 357-369, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-74.4.357.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"369","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Flyway","volume":"74","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e43e4b0c8380cd708f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollinger, Karen S.","contributorId":33842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025226,"text":"70025226 - 2003 - Analysis of Slug Tests in Formations of High Hydraulic Conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025226","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of Slug Tests in Formations of High Hydraulic Conductivity","docAbstract":"A new procedure is presented for the analysis of slug tests performed in partially penetrating wells in formations of high hydraulic conductivity. This approach is a simple, spreadsheet-based implementation of existing models that can be used for analysis of tests from confined or unconfined aquifers. Field examples of tests exhibiting oscillatory and nonoscillatory behavior are used to illustrate the procedure and to compare results with estimates obtained using alternative approaches. The procedure is considerably simpler than recently proposed methods for this hydrogeologic setting. Although the simplifications required by the approach can introduce error into hydraulic-conductivity estimates, this additional error becomes negligible when appropriate measures are taken in the field. These measures are summarized in a set of practical field guidelines for slug tests in highly permeable aquifers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02400.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Butler, J., Garnett, E., and Healey, J., 2003, Analysis of Slug Tests in Formations of High Hydraulic Conductivity: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 620-630, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02400.x.","startPage":"620","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02400.x"},{"id":235771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb00e4b0c8380cd48b4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garnett, E.J.","contributorId":45870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garnett","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healey, J.M.","contributorId":61199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025223,"text":"70025223 - 2003 - Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025223","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns","docAbstract":"We evaluated an expandable, breakaway VHF radiocollar design for use on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from birth to about 1 year of age. A similar collar design has been used on caribou (Rangifer tarandus), but we found that the collar did not expand quickly enough to accommodate increase in neck circumference of fawns during the first 2 months of life. Consequently, we modified the stitching pattern so that the first expansion fold opened faster. We monitored performance of this modification on free-ranging and captive fawns. Also, we collected data on neck growth in fawns to document design requirements of expandable collars for white-tailed deer. Mean neck circumference at ???14 days of age of free-ranging fawns in Pennsylvania was 17.8 cm (SD=1.67, n=62) for males and 17.3 cm (SD=1.50, n=52) for females. Based on measurements of captive fawns, neck circumference increased 8.8 cm from birth to August, 2.5 cm from August to October, and 2.6 cm from October to March. Observations of captive fawns fitted with dummy radiocollars indicated that collars expanded when needed and caused no apparent discomfort to fawns. We detected no problems with use of 86 collars on 113 free-ranging fawns for >270 days and recovered radiocollars expanded as designed. The elastic collar material failed on 3 collars (3%) after 142, 207, and 226 days on fawns, and 1-5 radiocollars (???4%) were cast by fawns. Our modification to this radiocollar design reduced fawn discomfort or suffering, allowing researchers to better comply with principles of the Animal Welfare Act.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D., Kochanny, C., Vreeland, J., and Wallingford, B., 2003, Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 3, p. 756-761.","startPage":"756","endPage":"761","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c45e4b0c8380cd52adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kochanny, C.O.","contributorId":79437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochanny","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vreeland, J.K.","contributorId":22528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vreeland","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallingford, B.D.","contributorId":62726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallingford","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025222,"text":"70025222 - 2003 - Lead in the Getchell-Turquoise ridge Carlin-type gold deposits from the perspective of potential igneous and sedimentary rock sources in Northern Nevada: Implications for fluid and metal sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T18:47:05.589774","indexId":"70025222","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead in the Getchell-Turquoise ridge Carlin-type gold deposits from the perspective of potential igneous and sedimentary rock sources in Northern Nevada: Implications for fluid and metal sources","docAbstract":"Lead isotope compositions of bulk mineral samples (fluorite, orpiment, and realgar) determined using conventional techniques and of ore-stage arsenian pyrite using the Sensitive High Resolution Ion-Microprobe (SHRIMP) in the Getchell and Turquoise Ridge Carlin-type gold deposits (Osgood Mountains) require contribution from two different Pb sources. One Pb source dominates the ore stage. It has a limited Pb isotope range characterized by 208Pb/ 206Pb values of 2.000 to 2.005 and 207Pb/ 206Pb values of 0.8031 to 0.8075, as recorded by 10-μm-diameter spot SHRIMP analyses of ore-stage arsenian pyrite. These values approximately correspond to 206Pb/ 204Pb of 19.3 to 19.6, 207Pb/ 204Pb of 15.65 to 15.75, and 208Pb/ 204Pb of 39.2 to 39.5. This Pb source is isotopically similar to that in average Neoproterozoic and Cambrian elastic rocks but not to any potential magmatic sources. Whether those clastic rocks provided Pb to the ore fluid cannot be unequivocally proven because their Pb isotope compositions over the same range as in ore-stage arsenian pyrite are similar to those of Ordovician to Devonian siliciclastic and calcareous rocks. The Pb source in the calcareous rocks most likely is largely detrital minerals, since that detritus was derived from the same sources as the detritus in the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian clastic rocks. The second Pb source is characterized by a large range of 206Pb/ 204Pb values (18-34) with a limited range of 208Pb/ 204Pb values (38.1-39.5), indicating low but variable Th/U and high and variable U/Pb values. The second Pb source dominates late and postore-stage minerals but is also found in preore sulfide minerals. These Pb isotope characteristics typify Ordovician to Devonian siliciclastic and calcareous rocks around the Carlin trend in northeast Nevada. Petrologically similar rocks host the Getchell and Turquoise Ridge deposits. Lead from the second source was either contributed from the host sedimentary rock sequences or brought into the hydrothermal system by oxidized ground water as the system collapsed. Late ore- and postore-stage sulfide minerals (pyrite, orpiment, and stibnite) from the Betze-Post and Meikle deposits in the Carlin trend and from the Jerritt Canyon mining district have Pb isotope characteristics similar to those determined in Getchell and Turquoise Ridge. This observation suggests that the Pb isotope compositions of their ore fluids may be similar to those at Getchell and Turquoise Ridge. Two models can explain the Pb isotope compositions of the ore-stage arsenian pyrite versus the late ore or postore sulfide minerals. In either model, Pb from the Ordovician to Devonian siliciclastic and calcareous rock source enters the hydrothermal system late in the ore stage but not to any extent during the main stage of ore deposition. In one model, ore-stage Pb was derived from a source with Pb isotope compositions similar to those of the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian clastic sequence, transported as part of the ore fluid and then deposited in the ore-stage arsenian pyrite and fluorite. The second model is based on the observation that the Pb isotope characteristics of the ore-stage minerals also are found in some Ordovician to Devonian calcareous and siliciclastic rocks. Hence, ore-stage Pb could have been derived locally and simply concentrated during the ore stage. Critical to the second model is the removal of all high 206Pb/ 204Pb (>20) material during alteration. It Also requires the retention of only the low 206Pb/ 204Pb component of the Ordovician to Devonian sedimentary rocks. This critical step is possible only if the high 206Pb/ 204Pb values are contained in readily dissolvable mineral phases, whereas the low 206Pb/ 204Pb values are found only in refractory minerals that released Pb during a final alteration stage just prior deposition of auriferous arsenian pyrite. Distinguishing between Pb transported with the ore fluid or inherited from the site of mineral deposition is not straightforward; however, it is simpler to explain the Pb isotope compositions of ore-stage arsenian pyrite and fluorite in two different but spatially related Carlin-type deposits (Getchell and Turquoise Ridge) with different host rocks by input of Pb with the ore fluid. Once the limited Pb in the hydrothermal fluid was exhausted by incorporation in ore-stage arsenian pyrite or other ore-stage minerals, Pb from the second source, the Ordovician to Devonian sedimentary rock sequences, became available for incorporation in some but not all of the late-stage sulfide minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1189","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Tosdal, R., Cline, J.S., Fanning, C., and Wooden, J.L., 2003, Lead in the Getchell-Turquoise ridge Carlin-type gold deposits from the perspective of potential igneous and sedimentary rock sources in Northern Nevada: Implications for fluid and metal sources: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1189-1211, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1189.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1211","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"northern Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 40.91351257612758\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45bce4b0c8380cd6749a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cline, J. S.","contributorId":39541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cline","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fanning, C.M.","contributorId":82434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}