{"pageNumber":"1114","pageRowStart":"27825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40859,"records":[{"id":70025559,"text":"70025559 - 2003 - Discharge indices for water quality loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:40:03","indexId":"70025559","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discharge indices for water quality loads","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effective discharge has been used to describe the streamflow level that is responsible for transporting the most sediment over the long term. Careful inspection reveals that this concept may not have been well defined, and different interpretations have led to conflicting representations. Because total load is ultimately the quantity of interest, we define a new index, the half‐load discharge, which is that discharge above and below which half the total long‐term load is transported. The value of the half‐load discharge is derived for a reasonable model of flows and constituent concentration. The effective discharge has generally been thought to be a relatively common or frequent flood. The half‐load discharge is generally a much greater and less frequent flow than commonly used estimators of the effective discharge. Relations provided here for the frequency and magnitude of the half‐load discharge provide evidence that it is relatively rare floods that transport most of the sediment over the long term. These ideas apply to other constituents as well.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001872","usgsCitation":"Vogel, R.M., Stedinger, J.R., and Hooper, R.P., 2003, Discharge indices for water quality loads: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 10, p. 1-1-1-9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001872.","productDescription":"Article 1273; 9 p.","startPage":"1-1","endPage":"1-9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001872","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01dfe4b0c8380cd4fd81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, Jery R. 0000-0002-7081-729X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-729X","contributorId":203276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stedinger","given":"Jery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025563,"text":"70025563 - 2003 - Fault trends on the seaward slope of the Aleutian Trench: Implications for a laterally changing stress field tied to a westward increase in oblique convergence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025563","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault trends on the seaward slope of the Aleutian Trench: Implications for a laterally changing stress field tied to a westward increase in oblique convergence","docAbstract":"Normal faults along the seaward trench slope (STS) commonly strike parallel to the trench in response to bending of the oceanic plate into the subduction zone. This is not the circumstance for the Aleutian Trench, where the direction of convergence gradually changes westward, from normal to transform motion. GLORIA side-scan sonar images document that the Aleutian STS is dominated by faults striking oblique to the trench, west of 179??E and east of 172??W. These images also show a pattern of east-west trending seafloor faults that are aligned parallel to the spreading fabric defined by magnetic anomalies. The stress-strain field along the STS is divided into two domains west and east, respectively, of 179??E. Over the western domain, STS faults and nodal planes of earthquakes are oriented oblique (9??-46??) to the trench axis and (69??-90??) to the magnetic fabric. West of 179??E, STS fault strikes change by 36?? from the E-W trend of STS where the trench-parallel slip gets larger than its orthogonal component of convergence. This rotation indicates that horizontal stresses along the western domain of the STS are deflected by the increasing obliquity in convergence. An analytical model supports the idea that strikes of STS faults result from a superposition of stresses associated with the dextral shear couple of the oblique convergence and stresses caused by plate bending. For the eastern domain, most nodal planes of earthquakes strike parallel to the outer rise, indicating bending as the prevailing mechanism causing normal faulting. East of 172??W, STS faults strike parallel to the magnetic fabric but oblique (10??-26??) to the axis of the trench. On the basis of a Coulomb failure criterion the trench-oblique strikes probably result from reactivation of crustal faults generated by spreading. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mortera-Gutierrez, C.A., Scholl, D., and Carlson, R., 2003, Fault trends on the seaward slope of the Aleutian Trench: Implications for a laterally changing stress field tied to a westward increase in oblique convergence: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 10.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1de4b0c8380cd53793","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mortera-Gutierrez, C. A.","contributorId":38860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortera-Gutierrez","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, R.L.","contributorId":7578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025570,"text":"70025570 - 2003 - The mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California: 1. Modeling the geometry of the source using GPS, leveling and two-color EDM data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025570","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California: 1. Modeling the geometry of the source using GPS, leveling and two-color EDM data","docAbstract":"We surveyed 44 existing leveling monuments in Long Valley caldera in July 1999, using dual frequency global positioning system (GPS) receivers. We have been able to tie GPS and leveling to a common reference frame in the Long Valley area and computed the vertical deformation by differencing GPS-based and leveled orthometric heights. The resurgent dome uplifted 74??7 cm from 1975 to 1999. To define the inflation source, we invert two-color EDM and uplift data from the 1985-1999 unrest period using spherical or ellipsoidal sources. We find that the ellipsoidal source satisfies both the vertical and horizontal deformation data, whereas the spherical point source cannot. According to our analysis of the 1985-1999 data, the main source of deformation is a prolate ellipsoid located beneath the resurgent dome at a depth of 5.9 km (95% bounds of 4.9-7.5 km). This body is vertically elongated, has an aspect ratio of 0.475 (95% bounds are 0.25-0.65) and a volume change of 0.086 km3 (95% bounds are 0.06-0.13 km3). Failure to account for the ellipsoidal nature of the source biases the estimated source depth by 2.1 km (35%), and the source volume by 0.038 km3 (44%). ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00170-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, M., Segall, P., Murray, J., Cervelli, P., and Langbein, J., 2003, The mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California: 1. Modeling the geometry of the source using GPS, leveling and two-color EDM data: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 127, no. 3-4, p. 195-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00170-7.","startPage":"195","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209450,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00170-7"},{"id":235906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badc6e4b08c986b323ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio","contributorId":32602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, J.","contributorId":94837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025686,"text":"70025686 - 2003 - A vegetation history from the arid prepuna of northern Chile (22-23°S) over the last 13,500 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T12:48:40","indexId":"70025686","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A vegetation history from the arid prepuna of northern Chile (22-23°S) over the last 13,500 years","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Quaternary paleoclimate of the central Andes is poorly understood due to numerous discrepancies among the diverse proxy records that span this geographically and climatically complex region. The exact timing, duration and magnitude of wet and dry phases are seldom duplicated from one proxy type to another, and there have been few opportunities to compare climatic records from the same proxy along environmental gradients. Vegetation histories from fossil rodent middens provide one such opportunity on the Pacific slope of the Andes. We previously reported a vegetation history from the upper margin (2400&ndash;3000 m) of the absolute desert in the central Atacama Desert of northern Chile. That record identified a distinct wet phase that peaked between 11.8 and 10.5 ka, when steppe grasses and other upland elements expanded as much as 1000 m downslope, and a secondary wet period during the middle to late Holocene (7.1&ndash;3.5 ka). The latter wet phase remains controversial and is not as readily apparent in our low-elevation midden record. We thus sought to replicate both phases in a midden record from the mid-elevations (3100&ndash;3300 m) of the arid prepuna, where slight precipitation increases would be amplified. Midden records from these elevations identify conditions wetter than today at 13.5&ndash;9.6, 7.6&ndash;6.3, 4.4&ndash;3.2 and possibly 1.8&ndash;1.2 ka. Dry phases occurred at 9.4&ndash;8.4 ka and possibly at ca. 5.1 ka. Present floras and modern hyperarid conditions were established after 3.2 ka. The records from the two elevational bands generally match with some important differences. These differences could reflect both the discontinuous aspect of the midden record and the episodic nature of precipitation and plant establishment in this hyperarid desert.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00279-7","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Latorre, C., Betancourt, J.L., Rylander, K., Quade, J., and Matthei, O., 2003, A vegetation history from the arid prepuna of northern Chile (22-23°S) over the last 13,500 years: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 194, no. 1-3, p. 223-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00279-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"246","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487516,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3267128","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208827,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00279-7"}],"volume":"194","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e610e4b0c8380cd47139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latorre, Claudio","contributorId":94019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latorre","given":"Claudio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rylander, Kate A.","contributorId":73324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"Kate A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matthei, Oscar","contributorId":26866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthei","given":"Oscar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025687,"text":"70025687 - 2003 - Coupled heat and fluid flow modeling of the Carboniferous Kuna Basin, Alaska: Implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:34:42","indexId":"70025687","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coupled heat and fluid flow modeling of the Carboniferous Kuna Basin, Alaska: Implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district","docAbstract":"The Red Dog deposit is a giant 175 Mton (16% Zn, 5% Pb), shale-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district situated in the Carboniferous Kuna Basin, Western Brooks Range, Alaska. These SEDEX-type ores are thought to have formed in calcareous turbidites and black mudstone at elevated sub-seafloor temperatures (120-150??C) within a hydrogeologic framework of submarine convection that was structurally organized by large normal faults. The theory for modeling brine migration and heat transport in the Kuna Basin is discussed with application to evaluating flow patterns and heat transport in faulted rift basins and the effects of buoyancy-driven free convection on reactive flow and ore genesis. Finite element simulations show that hydrothermal fluid was discharged into the Red Dog subbasin during a period of basin-wide crustal heat flow of 150-160 mW/m2. Basinal brines circulated to depths as great as 1-3 km along multiple normal faults flowed laterally through thick clastic aquifers acquiring metals and heat, and then rapidly ascended a single discharge fault zone at rates ??? 5 m/year to mix with seafloor sulfur and precipitate massive sulfide ores. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00109-2","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Garven, G., Raffensperger, J.P., Dumoulin, J.A., Bradley, D., Young, L.E., Kelley, K., and Leach, D.L., 2003, Coupled heat and fluid flow modeling of the Carboniferous Kuna Basin, Alaska: Implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district, <i>in</i> Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 78-79, p. 215-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00109-2.","startPage":"215","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208847,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00109-2"},{"id":234896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78-79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc89e4b0c8380cd4e2d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garven, G.","contributorId":34632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garven","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, D.A.","contributorId":32340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, L. E.","contributorId":105288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025698,"text":"70025698 - 2003 - Role of debris flows in long-term landscape denudation in the central Appalachians of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025698","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of debris flows in long-term landscape denudation in the central Appalachians of Virginia","docAbstract":"Four major storms that triggered debris flows in the Virginia-West Virginia Appalachians provide new insights into the role of high-magnitude, low-frequency floods in long-term denudation and landscape evolution in mountainous terrain. Storm denudation in the Blue Ridge Mountain drainage basins in approximately an order of magnitude greater compared to basins located in the mountains of the Valley and Ridge province. This difference is probably the result of higher storm rainfall from the Blue Ridge storms. Radiocarbon dating of debris-flow deposits in the Blue Ridge indicates a debris-flow return interval of not more than 2-4 k.y, in mountainous river basins. This finding, combined with measurements of basin denudation, suggests that approximately half of the long-term denudation from mechanical load occurs episodically by debris-flow processes. Although floods of moderate magnitude are largely responsible for mobilizing sediment in low-gradient streams, our data suggest that high-magnitude, low-frequency events are the most significant component in delivering coarse-grained regolith from mountainous hollows and channels to the lowland floodplains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0339:RODFIL>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Eaton, L., Morgan, B., Kochel, R., and Howard, A., 2003, Role of debris flows in long-term landscape denudation in the central Appalachians of Virginia: Geology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 339-342, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0339:RODFIL>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"339","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208948,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0339:RODFIL>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae4ce4b0c8380cd8707c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eaton, L.S.","contributorId":88403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, B. A.","contributorId":87128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kochel, R.C.","contributorId":60001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochel","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, A.D.","contributorId":95538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025699,"text":"70025699 - 2003 - Seismic velocity anisotropy and heterogeneity beneath the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography Experiment (MELT) region of the East Pacific Rise from analysis of P and S body waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025699","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic velocity anisotropy and heterogeneity beneath the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography Experiment (MELT) region of the East Pacific Rise from analysis of P and S body waves","docAbstract":"We use teleseismic P and S delay times and shear wave splitting measurements to constrain isotropic and anisotropic heterogeneity in the mantle beneath the southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR). The data comprise 462 P and S delay times and 18 shear wave splitting observations recorded during the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography (MELT) Experiment. We estimate the mantle melt content (F) and temperature (T) variation from the isotropic velocity variation. Our results indicate that the maximum variation in F beneath our array is between zero and ???1.2%, and maximum variation in T is between zero and ???100 K. We favor an explanation having partial contributions from both T and F. We approximate the seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle with hexagonal symmetry, consistent with the assumption of two dimensionality of mantle flow. Our new tomographic technique uses a nonlinear inversion of P and slow S polarization delay times to simultaneously solve for coupled VP and VS heterogeneity throughout the model and for the magnitude of anisotropy within discrete domains. The domain dimensions and the dip of the anisotropy are fixed for each inversion but are varied in a grid search, obtaining the misfit of the models to the body wave delay data and to split times of vertically propagating S waves. The data misfit and the isotropic heterogeneity are sensitive to domain dimensions and dip of anisotropy. In a region centered beneath the SEPR the best average dip of the hexagonal symmetry axis is horizontal or dipping shallowly (<30??) west. Given the resolution of our data, a subaxial region characterized by vertically aligned symmetry axes may exist but is limited to be <80 km deep. We infer that the mantle flow beneath the SEPR is consistent with shallow asthenospheric return flow from the direction of the South Pacific superswell.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hammond, W., and Toomey, D., 2003, Seismic velocity anisotropy and heterogeneity beneath the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography Experiment (MELT) region of the East Pacific Rise from analysis of P and S body waves: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 4.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b75e4b08c986b317847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammond, W.C.","contributorId":19347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toomey, D.R. 0000-0003-2873-4084","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-4084","contributorId":57637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toomey","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025705,"text":"70025705 - 2003 - Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T08:43:53","indexId":"70025705","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach","docAbstract":"Because the continuum approach is relatively simple and straightforward to implement, it has been commonly used in modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. However, the usefulness of this approach can be questioned in terms of its adequacy for representing fingering flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. The continuum approach thus needs to be evaluated carefully by comparing simulation results with field observations directly related to unsaturated flow and transport processes. This paper reports on such an evaluation, based on a combination of model calibration and prediction, using data from an infiltration test carried out in a densely fractured rock within the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Comparisons between experimental and modeling results show that the continuum approach may be able to capture important features of flow and transport processes observed from the test. The modeling results also show that matrix diffusion may have a significant effect on the overall transport behavior in unsaturated fractured rocks, which can be used to estimate effective fracture-matrix interface areas based on tracer transport data. While more theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies are needed to provide a conclusive evaluation, this study suggests that the continuum approach is useful for modeling flow and transport in unsaturated, densely fractured rock. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., Haukwa, C., Ahlers, C., Bodvarsson, G., Flint, A.L., and Guertal, W., 2003, Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 62-63, p. 173-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5.","startPage":"173","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478404,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc776968/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5"}],"volume":"62-63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf9e4b0c8380cd6f941","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, H.-H.","contributorId":14618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukwa, C.B.","contributorId":28415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukwa","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlers, C.F.","contributorId":77336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlers","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodvarsson, G.S.","contributorId":98045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodvarsson","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guertal, W.B.","contributorId":74553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertal","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025706,"text":"70025706 - 2003 - Estimating cougar predation rates from GPS location clusters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025706","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating cougar predation rates from GPS location clusters","docAbstract":"We examined cougar (Puma concolor) predation from Global Positioning System (GPS) location clusters (???2 locations within 200 m on the same or consecutive nights) of 11 cougars during September-May, 1999-2001. Location success of GPS averaged 2.4-5.0 of 6 location attempts/night/cougar. We surveyed potential predation sites during summer-fall 2000 and summer 2001 to identify prey composition (n = 74; 3-388 days post predation) and record predation-site variables (n = 97; 3-270 days post predation). We developed a model to estimate probability that a cougar killed a large mammal from data collected at GPS location clusters where the probability of predation increased with number of nights (defined as locations at 2200, 0200, or 0500 hr) of cougar presence within a 200-m radius (P < 0.001). Mean estimated cougar predation rates for large mammals were 7.3 days/kill for subadult females (1-2.5 yr; n = 3, 90% CI: 6.3 to 9.9), 7.0 days/kill for adult females (n = 2, 90% CI: 5.8 to 10.8), 5.4 days/kill for family groups (females with young; n = 3, 90% CI: 4.5 to 8.4), 9.5 days/kill for a subadult male (1-2.5 yr; n = 1, 90% CI: 6.9 to 16.4), and 7.8 days/kill for adult males (n = 2, 90% CI: 6.8 to 10.7). We may have slightly overestimated cougar predation rates due to our inability to separate scavenging from predation. We detected 45 deer (Odocoileus spp.), 15 elk (Cervus elaphus), 6 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), 2 livestock, 1 moose (Alces alces), and 6 small mammals at cougar predation sites. Comparisons between cougar sexes suggested that females selected mule deer and males selected elk (P < 0.001). Cougars averaged 3.0 nights on pronghorn carcasses, 3.4 nights on deer carcasses, and 6.0 nights on elk carcasses. Most cougar predation (81.7%) occurred between 1901-0500 hr and peaked from 2201-0200 hr (31.7%). Applying GPS technology to identify predation rates and prey selection will allow managers to efficiently estimate the ability of an area's prey base to sustain or be affected by cougar predation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., and Lindzey, F., 2003, Estimating cougar predation rates from GPS location clusters: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 2, p. 307-316.","startPage":"307","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b13e4b0c8380cd5255d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, C.R. Jr.","contributorId":69340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"C.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindzey, F.G.","contributorId":12660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindzey","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025710,"text":"70025710 - 2003 - Survival of captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T14:45:18.03746","indexId":"70025710","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report first-year survival rates of 49 captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots (</span><i>Amazona ventralis</i><span>) released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic. Our goal was to learn about factors affecting postrelease survival. Specifically, we tested if survival was related to movements and whether modifying prerelease protocols influenced survival rates. We also estimated survival in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges (22 September 1998). Twenty-four parrots, fitted with radio-transmitters, were released between 14 September and 12 December 1997. Twenty-five more were released between 29 June and 16 September 1998. First-year survival rates were 30% in 1997 and 29% in 1998. Survival probability was related to bird mobility. In contrast to birds released in 1997, none of the 25 parrots released in 1998 suffered early postrelease mortality (i.e., 3–5 days after release). Two adjustments to prerelease protocols (increased exercise and reduced blood sampling) made in 1998 may have contributed to differences in mobility and survival between years. The reduction of early postrelease mortality in 1998 was encouraging, as was the prospect for higher first-year survival (e.g., 30% to 65%). Only one death was attributed to the immediate impact of the hurricane. Loss of foraging resources was likely a major contributor to ensuing mortality. Birds increased their mobility, presumably in search of food. Survival rates dropped 23% in only eight weeks posthurricane. This study underscores the value of standardized prerelease protocols, and of estimating survival and testing for factors that might influence it. Inferences from such tests will provide the best basis to make adjustments to a release program.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[0198:SOCHPR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Collazo, J., White, T., Vilella, F., and Guerrero, S., 2003, Survival of captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic: Condor, v. 105, no. 2, p. 198-207, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[0198:SOCHPR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"207","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Dominican Republic","otherGeospatial":"Parque Nacional del Este","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -68.58489990234375,\n              18.304988223519228\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.39950561523438,\n              18.304988223519228\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.39950561523438,\n              18.43922744422912\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.58489990234375,\n              18.43922744422912\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.58489990234375,\n              18.304988223519228\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2c9e4b08c986b31f96e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collazo, J.A.","contributorId":35039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, T.H. Jr.","contributorId":55618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"T.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vilella, F. J.","contributorId":82025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vilella","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guerrero, S.A.","contributorId":19749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerrero","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025736,"text":"70025736 - 2003 - The saturated zone at Yucca Mountain: An overview of the characterization and assessment of the saturated zone as a barrier to potential radionuclide migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T08:37:39","indexId":"70025736","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The saturated zone at Yucca Mountain: An overview of the characterization and assessment of the saturated zone as a barrier to potential radionuclide migration","docAbstract":"The US Department of Energy is pursuing Yucca Mountain, Nevada, for the development of a geologic repository for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste, if the repository is able to meet applicable radiation protection standards established by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Effective performance of such a repository would rely on a number of natural and engineered barriers to isolate radioactive waste from the accessible environment. Groundwater beneath Yucca Mountain is the primary medium through which most radionuclides might move away from the potential repository. The saturated zone (SZ) system is expected to act as a natural barrier to this possible movement of radionuclides both by delaying their transport and by reducing their concentration before they reach the accessible environment. Information obtained from Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project activities is used to estimate groundwater flow rates through the site-scale SZ flow and transport model area and to constrain general conceptual models of groundwater flow in the site-scale area. The site-scale conceptual model is a synthesis of what is known about flow and transport processes at the scale required for total system performance assessment of the site. This knowledge builds on and is consistent with knowledge that has accumulated at the regional scale but is more detailed because more data are available at the site-scale level. The mathematical basis of the site-scale model and the associated numerical approaches are designed to assist in quantifying the uncertainty in the permeability of rocks in the geologic framework model and to represent accurately the flow and transport processes included in the site-scale conceptual model. Confidence in the results of the mathematical model was obtained by comparing calculated to observed hydraulic heads, estimated to measured permeabilities, and lateral flow rates calculated by the site-scale model to those calculated by the regional-scale flow model. In addition, it was confirmed that the flow paths leaving the region of the potential repository are consistent with those inferred from gradients of measured head and those independently inferred from water-chemistry data. The general approach of the site-scale SZ flow and transport model analysis is to calculate unit breakthrough curves for radionuclides at the interface between the SZ and the biosphere using the three-dimensional site-scale SZ flow and transport model. Uncertainties are explicitly incorporated into the site-scale SZ flow and transport abstractions through key parameters and conceptual models. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00154-7","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Eddebbarh, A., Zyvoloski, G., Robinson, B., Kwicklis, E., Reimus, P., Arnold, B., Corbet, T., Kuzio, S., and Faunt, C., 2003, The saturated zone at Yucca Mountain: An overview of the characterization and assessment of the saturated zone as a barrier to potential radionuclide migration: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 62-63, p. 477-493, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00154-7.","startPage":"477","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00154-7"}],"volume":"62-63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafb4e4b08c986b3249b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddebbarh, A.-A.","contributorId":101425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddebbarh","given":"A.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zyvoloski, G.A.","contributorId":20123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zyvoloski","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, B.A.","contributorId":63035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kwicklis, E. M.","contributorId":86377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reimus, P.W.","contributorId":91266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimus","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arnold, B.W.","contributorId":77335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Corbet, T.","contributorId":48361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbet","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuzio, S.P.","contributorId":86539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzio","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Faunt, C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":77714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025745,"text":"70025745 - 2003 - Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:38:20","indexId":"70025745","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2138,"text":"Journal De Physique. IV : JP","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"<p><span>Experiments were conducted using organic matter isolated from various surface waters in the Florida Everglades to study the interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Hg (II). Conditional distribution coefficients (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img1.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$K_{DOM^\\prime}$\" width=\"49\" height=\"26\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img1.gif\"><span>), obtained using an equilibriurn dialysis ligand exchange method, were strongly affected by the Hg/DOM concentration ratio. Very strong interactions (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$K_{{\\rm DOM}^\\prime}$\" width=\"46\" height=\"26\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\"><span>&nbsp;= 10&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img3.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$^{23.2 \\pm 05}$\" width=\"43\" height=\"15\" align=\"BOTTOM\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img3.gif\"><span>&nbsp;L kg&nbsp;</span><sup>-1</sup><span>), indicative of Hg-thiol bonds, were observed at Hg/DOM ratios below approximately 1&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\"><span>g Hg per mg DOM. Above approximately 10&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\"><span>g Hg per mg DOM much lower&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$K_{{\\rm DOM}^\\prime}$\" width=\"46\" height=\"26\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\"><span>&nbsp;values (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img5.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$10^{10.7\\pm 05}$\" width=\"57\" height=\"14\" align=\"BOTTOM\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img5.gif\"><span>&nbsp;L kg&nbsp;</span><sup>-1</sup><span>) were obtained. DOM-Hg interactions were also studied by HgS (log K&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img6.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$_{\\rm sp}=-52.4$\" width=\"68\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img6.gif\"><span>) dissolution and precipitation experiments. In the dissolution experiments, a significant amount of Hg was released from cinnabar in the presence of DOM, suggesting strong interactions. Conversely, precipitation of HgS was strongly inhibited in the presence of low concentrations (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img7.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\leq$\" width=\"14\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img7.gif\"><span>3 mg C/L) of DOM. In both the dissolution and precipitation experiments, organic matter rich in aromatic moities was more reactive with HgS than less aromatic fractions and sulfur-containing model compounds. These results suggest that DOM can influence the geochemistry of inorganic complexes of Hg in the Everglades, especially HgS, by strong Hg-DOM binding and colloidal stabilization.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"XII International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment","conferenceDate":"May 26-30, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Grenoble, France","language":"English","publisher":"ECO Sciences ","doi":"10.1051/jp4:20030235","issn":"11554339","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Haitzer, M., Ryan, J.N., Nagy, K., and Aiken, G., 2003, Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades: Journal De Physique. IV : JP, v. 107, no. I, p. 29-32, https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030235.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cc0e4b0c8380cd62fe8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","contributorId":128414,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","id":536573,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haitzer, M.","contributorId":94812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitzer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagy, K.","contributorId":10969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":208803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025749,"text":"70025749 - 2003 - Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025749","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River","docAbstract":"Summer flow augmentation to increase the survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is implemented annually to mitigate for the development of the hydropower system in the Snake River basin, but the efficacy of this practice has been disputed. We studied some of the factors affecting survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon from capture, tagging, and release in the free-flowing Snake River to the tailrace of the first dam encountered by smolts en route to the sea. We then assessed the effects of summer flow augmentation on survival to the tailrace of this dam. We tagged and released 5,030 wild juvenile fall chinook salmon in the free-flowing Snake River from 1998 to 2000. We separated these tagged fish into four sequential within-year release groups termed cohorts (N = 12). Survival probability estimates (mean ?? SE) to the tailrace of the dam for the 12 cohorts when summer flow augmentation was implemented ranged from 36% ?? 4% to 88% ?? 5%. We fit an ordinary least-squares multiple regression model from indices of flow and temperature that explained 92% (N = 12; P < 0.0001) of the observed variability in cohort survival. Survival generally increased with increasing flow and decreased with increasing temperature. We used the regression model to predict cohort survival for flow and temperature conditions observed when summer flow augmentation was implemented and for approximated flow and temperature conditions had the summer flow augmentation not been implemented. Survival of all cohorts was predicted to be higher when flow was augmented than when flow was not augmented because summer flow augmentation increased the flow levels and decreased the temperatures fish were exposed to as they moved seaward. We conclude that summer flow augmentation increases the survival of young fall chinook salmon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Connor, W., Burge, H., Yearsley, J., and Bjornn, T., 2003, Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 2, p. 362-375, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"362","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b36e4b0c8380cd6230a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, W.P.","contributorId":98090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burge, H.L.","contributorId":57104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burge","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yearsley, J.R.","contributorId":74554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yearsley","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bjornn, T.C.","contributorId":9033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjornn","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025756,"text":"70025756 - 2003 - Development of small carbonate banks on the south Florida platform margin: Response to sea level and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T12:57:37","indexId":"70025756","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of small carbonate banks on the south Florida platform margin: Response to sea level and climate change","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geophysical and coring data from the Dry Tortugas, Tortugas Bank, and Riley&rsquo;s Hump on the southwest Florida margin reveal the stratigraphic framework and growth history of these carbonate banks. The Holocene reefs of the Dry Tortugas and Tortugas Bank are approximately 14 and 10 m thick, respectively, and are situated upon Pleistocene reefal edifices. Tortugas Bank consists of the oldest Holocene corals in the Florida Keys with earliest coral recruitment occurring at &sim;9.6 cal ka. Growth curves for the Tortugas Bank reveal slow growth (&lt;1 mm/yr) until 6.2 cal ka, then a rapid increase to 3.4 mm/yr, until shallow reef demise at &sim;4.2 cal ka. Coral reef development at the Dry Tortugas began at &sim;6.4 cal ka. Aggradation at the Dry Tortugas was linear, and rapid (&sim;3.7 mm/yr) and kept pace with sea-level change. The increase in aggradation rate of Tortugas Bank at 6.2 cal ka is attributed to the growth of the Dry Tortugas reefs, which formed a barrier to inimical shelf water. Termination of shallow (&lt;15 m below sea level) reef growth at Tortugas Bank at &sim;4.2 cal ka is attributed to paleoclimate change in the North American interior that increased precipitation and fluvial discharge. Reef growth rates and characteristics are related to the rate of sea-level rise relative to the position of the reef on the shelf margin, and are additionally modified by hydrographic conditions related to climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00141-5","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Mallinson, D., Hine, A.C., Hallock, P., Locker, S., Shinn, E., Naar, D., Donahue, B., and Weaver, D.C., 2003, Development of small carbonate banks on the south Florida platform margin: Response to sea level and climate change: Marine Geology, v. 199, no. 1-2, p. 45-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00141-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas, Riley's Hump, Tortugas Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.55950927734374,\n              24.67946552658519\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5238037109375,\n              24.627044746156027\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.51281738281249,\n              24.587090339209634\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5897216796875,\n              24.587090339209634\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.2159423828125,\n              24.57210414801684\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.48785400390625,\n              24.58958786341259\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5015869140625,\n              24.6345347764961\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.485107421875,\n              24.666986385216273\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.66937255859375,\n              24.676969798202656\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.55950927734374,\n              24.67946552658519\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"199","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0064e4b0c8380cd4f733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallinson, David J.","contributorId":74222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, Albert C.","contributorId":87580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallock, Pamela","contributorId":59536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Locker, Stanley D. slocker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"Stanley D.","email":"slocker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene","contributorId":119336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naar, David","contributorId":97393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naar","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Donahue, Brian","contributorId":22951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donahue","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weaver, Douglas C.","contributorId":102135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025805,"text":"70025805 - 2003 - Modeling Np and Pu transport with a surface complexation model and spatially variant sorption capacities: Implications for reactive transport modeling and performance assessments of nuclear waste disposal sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:14:44","indexId":"70025805","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling Np and Pu transport with a surface complexation model and spatially variant sorption capacities: Implications for reactive transport modeling and performance assessments of nuclear waste disposal sites","docAbstract":"<p>One-dimensional (1D) geochemical transport modeling is used to demonstrate the effects of speciation and sorption reactions on the ground-water transport of Np and Pu, two redox-sensitive elements. Earlier 1D simulations (Reardon, 1981) considered the kinetically limited dissolution of calcite and its effect on ion-exchange reactions (involving<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>90</sup>Sr, Ca, Na, Mg and K), and documented the spatial variation of a<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>90</sup>Sr partition coefficient under both transient and steady-state chemical conditions. In contrast, the simulations presented here assume local equilibrium for all reactions, and consider sorption on constant potential, rather than constant charge, surfaces. Reardon's (1981) seminal findings on the spatial and temporal variability of partitioning (of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>90</sup>Sr) are reexamined and found partially caused by his assumption of a kinetically limited reaction.</p><p>In the present work, sorption is assumed the predominant retardation process controlling Pu and Np transport, and is simulated using a diffuse-double-layer-surface-complexation (DDLSC) model. Transport simulations consider the infiltration of Np- and Pu-contaminated waters into an initially uncontaminated environment, followed by the cleanup of the resultant contamination with uncontaminated water. Simulations are conducted using different spatial distributions of sorption capacities (with the same total potential sorption capacity, but with different variances and spatial correlation structures). Results obtained differ markedly from those that would be obtained in transport simulations using constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>d</sub>, Langmuir or Freundlich sorption models. When possible, simulation results (breakthrough curves) are fitted to a constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>d</sub>advection–dispersion transport model and compared. Functional differences often are great enough that they prevent a meaningful fit of the simulation results with a constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(or even a Langmuir or Freundlich) model, even in the case of Np, a weakly sorbed radionuclide under the simulation conditions. Functional behaviors that cannot be fit include concentration trend reversals and radionuclide desorption spikes. Other simulation results are fit successfully but the fitted parameters (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and dispersivity) vary significantly depending on simulation conditions (e.g. “infiltration” vs. “cleanup” conditions). Notably, an increase in the variance of the specified sorption capacities results in a marked increase in the dispersion of the radionuclides.</p><p>The results presented have implications for the simulation of radionuclide migration in performance assessments of nuclear waste-disposal sites, for the future monitoring of those sites, and more generally for modeling contaminant transport in ground-water environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00009-8","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., 2003, Modeling Np and Pu transport with a surface complexation model and spatially variant sorption capacities: Implications for reactive transport modeling and performance assessments of nuclear waste disposal sites: Computers & Geosciences, v. 29, no. 3, p. 331-349, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00009-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"349","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00009-8"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bcae4b0c8380cd6f7e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025814,"text":"70025814 - 2003 - Effects of disturbance on contribution of energy sources to growth of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in boreal streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T15:49:16","indexId":"70025814","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of disturbance on contribution of energy sources to growth of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in boreal streams","docAbstract":"<p>We used stable isotopes of carbon in a growth-dependent tissue-turnover model to quantify the relative contribution of autochthonous and terrestrial energy sources to juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in five small boreal streams tributary to the upper Yukon River. We used a tissue-turnover model because fish did not grow enough to come into isotopic equilibrium with their diet. In two streams, autochthonous energy sources contributed 23 and 41% to the growth of juvenile salmon. In the other three, fish growth was largely due to terrestrial (i.e., allochthonous) energy sources. This low contribution of autochthonous energy appeared to be related to stream-specific disturbances: a recent forest fire impacted two of the streams and the third was affected by a large midsummer spate during the study. These disturbances reduced the relative abundance of herbivorous macroinvertebrates, the contribution of autochthonous material to other invertebrates, and ultimately, the energy flow between stream algae and fish. Our findings suggest that disturbances to streams can be an important mechanism affecting transfer of primary energy sources to higher trophic levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f03-035","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Bradford, M., and Grout, J., 2003, Effects of disturbance on contribution of energy sources to growth of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in boreal streams: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 60, no. 4, p. 390-400, https://doi.org/10.1139/f03-035.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"400","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-035"}],"country":"Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -140.6634521484375,\n              64.69440978626835\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.6304931640625,\n              63.12705521006729\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.6754150390625,\n              63.17171454570863\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.9500732421875,\n              64.67091929440798\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.6634521484375,\n              64.69440978626835\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06d4e4b0c8380cd51427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, M.J.","contributorId":105495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grout, J.A.","contributorId":93674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grout","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025816,"text":"70025816 - 2003 - Latitudinal comparisons of walleye growth in North America and factors influencing growth of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025816","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latitudinal comparisons of walleye growth in North America and factors influencing growth of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs","docAbstract":"We compared the growth of walleyes Stizostedion vitreum in Kansas to that of other populations throughout North America and determined the effects of the abundance of gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and temperature on the growth of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs. Age was estimated from scales and otoliths collected from walleyes (N = 2,072) sampled with gill nets from eight Kansas reservoirs during fall in 1991-1999. Age-0 gizzard shad abundance was indexed based on summer seining information, and temperature data were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Parameter estimates of von Bertalanffy growth models indicated that the growth of walleyes in Kansas was more similar to that of southern latitude populations (e.g., Mississippi and Texas) than to that of northern (e.g., Manitoba, Minnesota and South Dakota) or middle latitude (e.g., Colorado and Iowa) populations. Northern and middle latitude populations had lower mean back-calculated lengths at age 1, lower growth coefficients, and greater longevity than southern and Kansas populations. A relative growth index (RGI; [Lt/Ls ] ?? 100, where Lt is the observed length at age and Ls is the age-specific standard length derived from a pooled von Bertalanffy growth model) and standardized percentile values (percentile values of mean back-calculated lengths at age) indicated that the growth of walleyes in Kansas was above average compared with that of other populations in North America. The annual growth increments of Kansas walleyes were more variable among years than among reservoirs. The growth increments of age-0 and age-1 walleyes were positively related to the catch rates of gizzard shad smaller than 80 mm, whereas the growth of age-2 and age-3 walleyes was inversely related to mean summer air temperature. Our results provide a framework for comparing North American walleye populations, and our proposed RGI provides a simple, easily interpreted index of growth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M02-050","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., Guy, C., Schultz, R., and Stephen, J., 2003, Latitudinal comparisons of walleye growth in North America and factors influencing growth of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 677-692, https://doi.org/10.1577/M02-050.","startPage":"677","endPage":"692","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M02-050"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4582e4b0c8380cd6739c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schultz, R.D.","contributorId":66889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephen, J.L.","contributorId":84126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025820,"text":"70025820 - 2003 - Mercury effects on predator avoidance behavior of a forage fish, golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025820","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury effects on predator avoidance behavior of a forage fish, golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas)","docAbstract":"Mercury contamination of fish is widespread in North America and has resulted in the establishment of fish consumption advisories to protect human health, However, the effects of mercury exposure to fish have seldom been investigated. We examined the effects of dietary mercury exposure at environmental levels in a common forage species, golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas). Fish were fed either an unaltered diet (12 ng/g wet wt methylmercury [MeHg] as Hg), a low-Hg diet (455 ng/g Hg), or a high-Hg diet (959 ng/g Hg). After 90 d mean fish whole-body total Hg concentrations were 41, 230, and 518 ng/g wet wt, respectively, which were within the range of concentrations found in this species in northern U.S. lakes. There were no mortalities or differences in growth rate among groups. Groups of fish from each treatment were exposed to a model avian predator and their behavioral response videotaped for analysis. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined in fish after behavioral testing. Fish fed the high-Hg diet had significantly greater shoal vertical dispersal following predator exposure, took longer to return to pre-exposure activity level, and had greater shoal area after return to pre-exposure activity than did the other treatments, all of which would increase vulnerability of the fish to predation. There were no differences in brain AChE among treatments. We conclude that mercury exposure at levels currently occurring in northern United States lakes alters fish predator-avoidance behavior in a manner that may increase vulnerability to predation. This finding has significant implications for food chain transfer of Hg and Hg exposure of fish predators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/1551-5028(2003)22<1556:MEOPAB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Webber, H., and Haines, T., 2003, Mercury effects on predator avoidance behavior of a forage fish, golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 22, no. 7, p. 1556-1561, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2003)22<1556:MEOPAB>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1556","endPage":"1561","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2003)22<1556:MEOPAB>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5402e4b0c8380cd6ce60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webber, H.M.","contributorId":49962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025822,"text":"70025822 - 2003 - Difficulties in relating Cd concentrations in the predatory insect Chaoborus to those of its prey in nature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025822","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Difficulties in relating Cd concentrations in the predatory insect Chaoborus to those of its prey in nature","docAbstract":"Because Chaoborus larvae take up most of their cadmium (Cd) from food, we tested the hypothesis that Cd concentrations in this insect are directly related to those in their planktonic prey. We measured Cd in Chaoborus and in Zooplankton collected from 24 eastern Canadian lakes varying widely in their Cd concentrations. Cd concentrations in the predator were not correlated with those in bulk zooplankton, whether separated into size fractions liable to be eaten by Chaoborus or not. In highly acidic lakes, Cd concentrations in Chaoborus did not respond to increases in zooplankton Cd because of either competition between H and Cd ions at Cd absorption sites in the predator's gut or differences in prey community composition between highly acidic and circumneutral lakes. Relationships between Cd in Chaoborus and in its potential prey were stronger when we used Cd concentrations for specific crustacean taxa in a mechanistic model. We conclude that predictive relationships between metal concentrations in predators and their prey are likely to be strongest if the subset of prey consumed by the predator has been characterized and if this information is used in a bioaccumulation model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f03-068","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M., Hare, L., and Tessier, A., 2003, Difficulties in relating Cd concentrations in the predatory insect Chaoborus to those of its prey in nature: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 60, no. 7, p. 800-808, https://doi.org/10.1139/f03-068.","startPage":"800","endPage":"808","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208706,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-068"},{"id":234643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a010ce4b0c8380cd4fa89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, M.-N.","contributorId":37511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"M.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hare, L.","contributorId":30414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tessier, A.","contributorId":88920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessier","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025898,"text":"70025898 - 2003 - Role of arachidonic acid and protein kinase C during maturation-inducing hormone-dependent meiotic resumption and ovulation in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025898","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1033,"text":"Biology of Reproduction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of arachidonic acid and protein kinase C during maturation-inducing hormone-dependent meiotic resumption and ovulation in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker","docAbstract":"The roles of arachidonic acid (AA) and protein kinase C (PKC) during in vitro maturation-inducing hormone (MIH)-dependent meiotic resumption (maturation) and ovulation were studied in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). The requirement for cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolites of AA was examined using a nonspecific COX inhibitor, indomethacin (IM), as well as two COX products, prostaglandin (PG) F2?? and PGE2, whereas the role of lipoxygenase (LOX) was investigated using a specific LOX inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). The involvement of PKC was examined using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, as well as GF109203X (GF), a specific inhibitor of PKC and 1-(5-isoquin- olinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), nonspecific inhibitor of protein kinases. Genomic mechanisms were examined with the transcription-inhibitor actinomycin D (ActD) and the functionality of heterologous (oocyte-granulosa) gap junctions (GJ) with a dye transfer assay. The AA (100 ??M) and PGF2?? (5 ??M) did not induce maturation, and NDGA (10 ??M) did not affect MIH-dependent maturation. However, IM (100 ??M) partially inhibited MIH-dependent maturation. Conversely, AA and both PGs induced, and IM and NDGA inhibited, MIH-dependent ovulation in matured follicles. The PMA (1 ??g/ml) did not induce maturation but caused ovulation in matured follicles, whereas PKC inhibitors (GF, 5 ??M; H7, 50??M) did not affect MIH-dependent maturation but inhibited MIH- and PMA-dependent ovulation. The PMA-dependent ovulation was inhibited by IM but not by NDGA. In addition, ActD (5 ??M) blocked MIH-dependent, but not PMA-dependent, ovulation, and PGF2?? restored MIH-dependent ovulation in ActD-blocked follicles. The AA and PGs did not induce, and GF did not inhibit, MIH-dependent heterologous GJ uncoupling. In conclusion, AA and PKC mediate MIH-dependent ovulation but not meiotic resumption or heterologous GJ uncoupling in croaker follicles, but a permissive role of COX products of AA during maturation is possible. A novel model of MIH-dependent ovulation is proposed in which 1) LOX and COX metabolites of AA are both required for ovulation, but at upstream and downstream sites of the pathway, respectively, relative to PKC, and 2) PKC is downstream of genomic activation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology of Reproduction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.102.009662","issn":"00063363","usgsCitation":"Patino, R., Yoshizaki, G., Bolamba, D., and Thomas, P., 2003, Role of arachidonic acid and protein kinase C during maturation-inducing hormone-dependent meiotic resumption and ovulation in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker: Biology of Reproduction, v. 68, no. 2, p. 516-523, https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.009662.","startPage":"516","endPage":"523","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.009662"},{"id":234718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae40e4b0c8380cd8705e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoshizaki, G.","contributorId":74488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshizaki","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bolamba, D.","contributorId":104670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolamba","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025905,"text":"70025905 - 2003 - Modeled climate-induced glacier change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T19:48:02","indexId":"70025905","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled climate-induced glacier change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100","docAbstract":"<p>The glaciers in the Blackfoot–Jackson Glacier Basin of Glacier National Park, Montana, decreased in area from 21.6 square kilometers (km<sup>2</sup>) in 1850 to 7.4 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1979. Over this same period global temperatures increased by 0.45°C (± 0.15°C). We analyzed the climatic causes and ecological consequences of glacier retreat by creating spatially explicit models of the creation and ablation of glaciers and of the response of vegetation to climate change. We determined the melt rate and spatial distribution of glaciers under two possible future climate scenarios, one based on carbon dioxide–induced global warming and the other on a linear temperature extrapolation. Under the former scenario, all glaciers in the basin will disappear by the year 2030, despite predicted increases in precipitation; under the latter, melting is slower. Using a second model, we analyzed vegetation responses to variations in soil moisture and increasing temperature in a complex alpine landscape and predicted where plant communities are likely to be located as conditions change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0131:MCIGCI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Hall, M., and Fagre, D., 2003, Modeled climate-induced glacier change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100: BioScience, v. 53, no. 2, p. 131-140, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0131:MCIGCI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0131:mcigci]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.01586914062499,\n              48.30877444352327\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9119873046875,\n              48.30877444352327\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9119873046875,\n              49.005447494058096\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.01586914062499,\n              49.005447494058096\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.01586914062499,\n              48.30877444352327\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbce4b0c8380cd6f782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, M.H.P.","contributorId":41631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"M.H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81459,"text":"81459 - 2003 - Biological structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in tributaries of eastern Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"81459","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biological structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in tributaries of eastern Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Interest in effective management of Great Lakes natural resources and restoration of native populations has stimulated interest in the conditions and ecological role of tributaries in the Great Lakes ecosystem.  Rivers of Lake Ontario's eastern basin provide an excellent opportunity to examine important tributaries and their relationship to Lake Ontario.  This paper reports on the results of an investigation of fish assemblage structure in lower reaches of the Salmon and Oswego Rivers and at their interfaces with Lake Ontario.  These two systems represent conditions near the end points on a continuum from highly disturbed to pristine.  They are also of great interest to resource managers for their important fisheries and other economic values.  The objective was to identify distinct fish assemblages within these systems and relate their characteristics to biotic and abiotic conditions in an attempt to determine factors responsible for structuring and maintaining those species assemblages.  This information is intended to provide baseline information for monitoring the status of these rivers and coastal systems and to aid in the development of models of ecological health.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"State of Lake Ontario: past, present and future","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society","publisherLocation":"New Delhi","isbn":"8178982994","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., 2003, Biological structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in tributaries of eastern Lake Ontario, chap. <i>of</i> State of Lake Ontario: past, present and future, p. 443-474.","productDescription":"p. 443-474","startPage":"443","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb971","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":79835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":56992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025911,"text":"70025911 - 2003 - A shallow fault-zone structure illuminated by trapped waves in the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault, western Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025911","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A shallow fault-zone structure illuminated by trapped waves in the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault, western Turkey","docAbstract":"We discuss the subsurface structure of the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault based on analysis of a large seismic data set recorded by a local PASSCAL network in the 6 months following the Mw = 7.4 1999 Izmit earthquake. Seismograms observed at stations located in the immediate vicinity of the rupture zone show motion amplification and long-period oscillations in both P- and S-wave trains that do not exist in nearby off-fault stations. Examination of thousands of waveforms reveals that these characteristics are commonly generated by events that are well outside the fault zone. The anomalous features in fault-zone seismograms produced by events not necessarily in the fault may be referred to generally as fault-zone-related site effects. The oscillatory shear wave trains after the direct S arrival in these seismograms are analysed as trapped waves propagating in a low-velocity fault-zone layer. The time difference between the S arrival and trapped waves group does not grow systematically with increasing source-receiver separation along the fault. These observations imply that the trapping of seismic energy in the Karadere-Duzce rupture zone is generated by a shallow fault-zone layer. Traveltime analysis and synthetic waveform modelling indicate that the depth of the trapping structure is approximately 3-4 km. The synthetic waveform modelling indicates further that the shallow trapping structure has effective waveguide properties consisting of thickness of the order of 100 m, a velocity decrease relative to the surrounding rock of approximately 50 per cent and an S-wave quality factor of 10-15. The results are supported by large 2-D and 3-D parameter space studies and are compatible with recent analyses of trapped waves in a number of other faults and rupture zones. The inferred shallow trapping structure is likely to be a common structural element of fault zones and may correspond to the top part of a flower-type structure. The motion amplification associated with fault-zone-related site effects increases the seismic shaking hazard near fault-zone structures. The effect may be significant since the volume of sources capable of generating motion amplification in shallow trapping structures is large.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01870.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Ben-Zion, Y., Peng, Z., Okaya, D., Seeber, L., Armbruster, J., Ozer, N., Michael, A., Baris, S., and Aktar, M., 2003, A shallow fault-zone structure illuminated by trapped waves in the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault, western Turkey: Geophysical Journal International, v. 152, no. 3, p. 699-717, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01870.x.","startPage":"699","endPage":"717","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478406,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.01870.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01870.x"},{"id":234909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e586e4b0c8380cd46dc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ben-Zion, Y.","contributorId":22918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Zion","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okaya, D.","contributorId":45874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seeber, L.","contributorId":37329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Armbruster, J.G.","contributorId":71202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ozer, N.","contributorId":56011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozer","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baris, S.","contributorId":104259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baris","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aktar, M.","contributorId":39172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aktar","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025916,"text":"70025916 - 2003 - Estimation of ground motion for Bhuj (26 January 2001; Mw 7.6) and for future earthquakes in India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T01:06:43.659731","indexId":"70025916","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of ground motion for Bhuj (26 January 2001; Mw 7.6) and for future earthquakes in India","docAbstract":"<div id=\"12110152\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Only five moderate and large earthquakes (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>≥5.7) in India—three in the Indian shield region and two in the Himalayan arc region—have given rise to multiple strong ground-motion recordings. Near-source data are available for only two of these events. The Bhuj earthquake (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>7.6), which occurred in the shield region, gave rise to useful recordings at distances exceeding 550 km. Because of the scarcity of the data, we use the stochastic method to estimate ground motions. We assume that (1)<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;</span>waves dominate at<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 100 km and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>waves at<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>≥ 100 km, (2)<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 508<i>f</i><sup>0.48</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>is valid for the Indian shield as well as the Himalayan arc region, (3) the effective duration is given by fc<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 0.05R, where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>fc</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is the corner frequency, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is the hypocentral distance in kilometer, and (4) the acceleration spectra are sharply cut off beyond 35 Hz. We use two finite-source stochastic models. One is an approximate model that reduces to the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ω</i><sup>2</sup>-source model at distances greater that about twice the source dimension. This model has the advantage that the ground motion is controlled by the familiar stress parameter, Δ<i>σ</i>. In the other finite-source model, which is more reliable for near-source ground-motion estimation, the high-frequency radiation is controlled by the strength factor,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i>, a quantity that is physically related to the maximum slip rate on the fault. We estimate Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>needed to fit the observed Amax and Vmax data of each earthquake (which are mostly in the far field). The corresponding<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is obtained by requiring that the predicted curves from the two models match each other in the far field up to a distance of about 500 km. The results show: (1) The Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>that explains Amax data for shield events may be a function of depth, increasing from ∼50 bars at 10 km to ∼400 bars at 36 km. The corresponding<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values range from 1.0-2.0. The Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values for the two Himalayan arc events are 75 and 150 bars (<i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1.0 and 1.4). (2) The Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>required to explain Vmax data is, roughly, half the corresponding value for Amax, while the same<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>explains both sets of data. (3) The available far-field Amax and Vmax data for the Bhuj mainshock are well explained by Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 200 and 100 bars, respectively, or, equivalently, by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1.4. The predicted Amax and Vmax in the epicentral region of this earthquake are 0.80 to 0.95<span>&nbsp;</span><i>g</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and 40 to 55 cm/sec, respectively.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020102","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Singh, S., Bansal, B., Bhattacharya, S., Pacheco, J., Dattatrayam, R., Ordaz, M., Suresh, G., Kamal, and Hough, S., 2003, Estimation of ground motion for Bhuj (26 January 2001; Mw 7.6) and for future earthquakes in India: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 353-370, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020102.","productDescription":"18 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,{"id":70025919,"text":"70025919 - 2003 - Diagnostic tools for mixing models of stream water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:55:51","indexId":"70025919","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic tools for mixing models of stream water chemistry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mixing models provide a useful null hypothesis against which to evaluate processes controlling stream water chemical data. Because conservative mixing of end‐members with constant concentration is a linear process, a number of simple mathematical and multivariate statistical methods can be applied to this problem. Although mixing models have been most typically used in the context of mixing soil and groundwater end‐members, an extension of the mathematics of mixing models is presented that assesses the “fit” of a multivariate data set to a lower dimensional mixing subspace without the need for explicitly identified end‐members. Diagnostic tools are developed to determine the approximate rank of the data set and to assess lack of fit of the data. This permits identification of processes that violate the assumptions of the mixing model and can suggest the dominant processes controlling stream water chemical variation. These same diagnostic tools can be used to assess the fit of the chemistry of one site into the mixing subspace of a different site, thereby permitting an assessment of the consistency of controlling end‐members across sites. This technique is applied to a number of sites at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed located near Atlanta, Georgia.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001528","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., 2003, Diagnostic tools for mixing models of stream water chemistry: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 2-1-2-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001528.","productDescription":"Article 1055; 13 p.","startPage":"2-1","endPage":"2-13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00a3e4b0c8380cd4f82a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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