Conditional distribution coefficients (KDOM‘) for Hg(II) binding to seven dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates were measured at environmentally relevant ratios of Hg(II) to DOM. The results show that KDOM‘ values for different types of samples (humic acids, fulvic acids, hydrophobic acids) isolated from diverse aquatic environments were all within 1 order of magnitude (1022.5±1.0−1023.5±1.0 L kg-1), suggesting similar Hg(II) binding environments, presumably involving thiol groups, for the different isolates. KDOM‘ values decreased at low pHs (4) compared to values at pH 7, indicating proton competition for the strong Hg(II) binding sites. Chemical modeling of Hg(II)−DOM binding at different pH values was consistent with bidentate binding of Hg(II) by one thiol group (pKa = 10.3) and one other group (pKa = 6.3) in the DOM, which is in agreement with recent results on the structure of Hg(II)−DOM bonds obtained by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS).
We examined patterns of non-native plant diversity in protected and managed ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range. Cheesman Lake, a protected landscape, and Turkey Creek, a managed landscape, appear to have had similar natural disturbance histories prior to European settlement and fire protection during the last century. However, Turkey Creek has experienced logging, grazing, prescribed burning, and recreation since the late 1800s, while Cheesman Lake has not.
Using the modified-Whittaker plot design to sample understory species richness and cover, we collected data for 30 0.1 ha plots in each landscape. Topographic position greatly influenced results, while management history did not. At both Cheesman Lake and Turkey Creek, low/riparian plots had highest native and non-native species richness and cover; upland plots (especially east/west-facing, south-facing and flat, high plots) had the lowest. However, there were no significant differences between Cheesman Lake and Turkey Creek for native species richness, native species cover, non-native species richness, or non-native species cover for any topographic category. In general, non-native species richness and cover were highly positively correlated with native species richness and/or cover (among other variables). In total, 16 non-native species were recorded at Cheesman Lake and Turkey Creek; none of the 16 non-native species were more common at one site than another.
These findings suggest that: (1) areas that are high in native species diversity also contain more non-native species; (2) both protected and managed areas can be invaded by non-native plant species, and at similar intensities; and (3) logging, grazing, and other similar disturbances may have less of an impact on non-native species establishment and growth than topographic position (i.e., in lowland and riparian zones versus upland zones).
How have changes in land management practices affected vegetation patterns in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem? This question led us to develop a deterministic, successional, vegetation model to “turn back the clock” on a study area and assess how patterns in vegetation cover type and structure have changed through different periods of management. Our modeling spanned the closing decades of use by Native Americans, subsequent Euro-American settlement, and associated indirect methods of fire suppression, and more recent practices of fire exclusion and timber harvest. Model results were striking, indicating that the primary forest dynamic in the study area is not fragmentation of conifer forest by logging, but the transition from a fire-driven mosaic of grassland, shrubland, broadleaf forest, and mixed forest communities to a conifer-dominated landscape. Projections for conifer-dominated stands showed an increase in areal coverage from 15% of the study area in the mid-1800s to ∼50% by the mid-1990s. During the same period, projections for aspen-dominated stands showed a decline in coverage from 37% to 8%. Substantial acreage previously occupied by a variety of age classes has given way to extensive tracts of mature forest. Only 4% of the study area is currently covered by young stands, all of which are coniferous. While logging has replaced wildfire as a mechanism for cycling younger stands into the landscape, the locations, species constituents, patch sizes, and ecosystem dynamics associated with logging do not mimic those associated with fire. It is also apparent that the nature of these differences varies among biophysical settings, and that land managers might consider a biophysical class strategy for tailoring management goals and restoration efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0385:VDUFEA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., Hansen, A.J., Councilman, J., Monte, D., and Betz, D., 2003, Vegetation dynamics under fire exclusion and logging in a Rocky Mountain watershed, 1856-1996: Ecological Applications, v. 13, no. 2, p. 385-403, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0385:VDUFEA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1d5e4b08c986b32a7aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":23508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, A. J.","contributorId":87581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Councilman, J.S.","contributorId":51070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Councilman","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monte, D.K.","contributorId":30010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monte","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Betz, D.W.","contributorId":102252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betz","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015140,"text":"1015140 - 2003 - Recent ecological and biogeochemical changes in alpine lakes of Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA): A response to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:24:00","indexId":"1015140","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1751,"text":"Geobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent ecological and biogeochemical changes in alpine lakes of Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA): A response to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition","docAbstract":"Dated sediment cores from five alpine lakes (>3200 m asl) in Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado Front Range, USA) record near-synchronous stratigraphic changes that are believed to reflect ecological and biogeochemical responses to enhanced nitrogen deposition from anthropogenic sources. Changes in sediment proxies include progressive increases in the frequencies of mesotrophic planktonic diatom taxa and diatom concentrations, coupled with depletions of sediment δ15N and C : N values. These trends are especially pronounced since approximately 1950. The most conspicuous diatoms to expand in recent decades are Asterionella formosa and Fragilaria crotonensis. Down-core species changes are corroborated by a year-long sediment trap experiment from one of the lakes, which reveals high frequencies of these two taxa during autumn and winter months, the interval of peak annual limnetic [NO3-]. Although all lakes record recent changes, the amplitude of stratigraphic shifts is greater in lakes east of the Continental Divide relative to those on the western slope, implying that most nitrogen enrichment originates from urban, industrial and agricultural sources east of the Rocky Mountains. Deviations from natural trajectories of lake ontogeny are illustrated by canonical correspondence analysis, which constrains the diatom record as a response to changes in nitrogen biogeochemistry. These results indicate that modest rates of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition are fully capable of inducing directional biological and biogeochemical shifts in relatively pristine ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1472-4669.2003.00012.x","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, A., Van Gorp, A., and Baron, J., 2003, Recent ecological and biogeochemical changes in alpine lakes of Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA): A response to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition: Geobiology, v. 1, no. 2, p. 153-168, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4669.2003.00012.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"168","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, A.P.","contributorId":46445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gorp, A.C.","contributorId":35695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gorp","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194912,"text":"70194912 - 2003 - Modeling tritium transport through a deep unsaturated zone, Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T15:26:26","indexId":"70194912","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Modeling tritium transport through a deep unsaturated zone, Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Statistical models for estimating absolute densities of field populations of animals have been widely used over the last century in both scientific studies and wildlife management programs. To date, two general classes of density estimation models have been developed: models that use data sets from capture–recapture or removal sampling techniques (often derived from trapping grids) from which separate estimates of population size (NÌ‚) and effective sampling area (AÌ‚) are used to calculate density (DÌ‚ = NÌ‚/AÌ‚); and models applicable to sampling regimes using distance-sampling theory (typically transect lines or trapping webs) to estimate detection functions and densities directly from the distance data. However, few studies have evaluated these respective models for accuracy, precision, and bias on known field populations, and no studies have been conducted that compare the two approaches under controlled field conditions. In this study, we evaluated both classes of density estimators on known densities of enclosed rodent populations. Test data sets (n = 11) were developed using nine rodent species from capture–recapture live-trapping on both trapping grids and trapping webs in four replicate 4.2-ha enclosures on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico, USA. Additional “saturation” trapping efforts resulted in an enumeration of the rodent populations in each enclosure, allowing the computation of true densities. Density estimates (DÌ‚) were calculated using program CAPTURE for the grid data sets and program DISTANCE for the web data sets, and these results were compared to the known true densities (D) to evaluate each model's relative mean square error, accuracy, precision, and bias. In addition, we evaluated a variety of approaches to each data set's analysis by having a group of independent expert analysts calculate their best density estimates without a priori knowledge of the true densities; this “blind” test allowed us to evaluate the influence of expertise and experience in calculating density estimates in comparison to simply using default values in programs CAPTURE and DISTANCE. While the rodent sample sizes were considerably smaller than the recommended minimum for good model results, we found that several models performed well empirically, including the web-based uniform and half-normal models in program DISTANCE, and the grid-based models Mb and Mbh in program CAPTURE (with AÌ‚ adjusted by species-specific full mean maximum distance moved (MMDM) values). These models produced accurate DÌ‚ values (with 95% confidence intervals that included the true D values) and exhibited acceptable bias but poor precision. However, in linear regression analyses comparing each model's DÌ‚ values to the true D values over the range of observed test densities, only the web-based uniform model exhibited a regression slope near 1.0; all other models showed substantial slope deviations, indicating biased estimates at higher or lower density values. In addition, the grid-based DÌ‚ analyses using full MMDM values for WÌ‚ area adjustments required a number of theoretical assumptions of uncertain validity, and we therefore viewed their empirical successes with caution. Finally, density estimates from the independent analysts were highly variable, but estimates from web-based approaches had smaller mean square errors and better achieved confidence-interval coverage of D than did grid-based approaches. Our results support the contention that web-based approaches for density estimation of small-mammal populations are both theoretically and empirically superior to grid-based approaches, even when sample size is far less than often recommended. In view of the increasing need for standardized environmental measures for comparisons among ecosystems and through time, analytical models based on distance sampling appear to offer accurate density estimation approaches for research studies involving small-mammal abundances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0001:SMDEAF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Parmenter, R., Yates, T.L., Anderson, D., Burnham, K., Dunnum, J., Franklin, A., Friggens, M., Lubow, B., Miller, M., Olson, G., Parmenter, C.A., Pollard, J., Rexstad, E., Shenk, T., Stanley, T., and White, G.C., 2003, Small-mammal density estimation: A field comparison of grid-based vs. web-based density estimators: Ecological Monographs, v. 73, no. 1, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0001:SMDEAF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0001:smdeaf]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee09e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parmenter, R.R.","contributorId":98667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmenter","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yates, Terry L.","contributorId":87489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yates","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunnum, J.L.","contributorId":84312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunnum","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Franklin, A.B.","contributorId":105667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Friggens, M.T.","contributorId":98260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friggens","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lubow, B. C.","contributorId":64603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lubow","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, Michael","contributorId":103182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Olson, G.S.","contributorId":83872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parmenter, Cheryl A.","contributorId":67045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parmenter","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pollard, J.","contributorId":37280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rexstad, E.","contributorId":58977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rexstad","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shenk, T.M.","contributorId":53335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shenk","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":53886,"text":"53886 - 2003 - Electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T14:27:22.319366","indexId":"53886","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2003-0002","title":"Electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish","docAbstract":"Electrofishing, a valuable sampling technique in North America for over half a century, involves a very dynamic and complex mix of physics, physiology, and behavior that remains poorly understood. New hypotheses have been advanced regarding \"power transfer\" to fish and the epileptic nature of their responses to electric fields, but these too need to be more fully explored and validated.\r\n\r\nFishery researchers and managers in the Colorado River Basin, and elsewhere, are particularly concerned about the harmful effects of electrofishing on fish, especially endangered species. Although often not externally obvious or fatal, spinal injuries and associated hemorrhages sometimes have been documented in over 50% of fish examined internally. Such injuries can occur anywhere in the electrofishing field at or above the intensity threshold for twitch. These injuries are believed to result from powerful convulsions of body musculature (possibly epileptic seizures) caused mostly by sudden changes in voltage as when electricity is pulsed or switched on or off. Significantly fewer spinal injuries are reported when direct current, low-frequency pulsed direct current (<30 Hz), or specially designed pulse trains are used. Salmoniae are especially susceptible. Endangered cyprinids of the Colorado River Basin are generally much less susceptible, enough so to allow cautious use of less harmful currents for most recovery monitoring and research. However, the endangered catostomid Xyrauchen texanus appears sufficiently susceptible to warrant a continued minimal-use policy.\r\n\r\nOther harmful effects, such as bleeding at gills or vent and excessive physiological stress, are also of concern. Mortality, usually by asphyxiation, is a common result of excessive exposure to tetanizing intensities near electrodes or poor handling of captured specimens. Reported effects on reproduction are contradictory, but electrofishing over spawning grounds can harm embryos. Electrofishing is often considered the most effective and benign technique for capturing moderate- to large-size fish, but when adverse effects are problematic and cannot be sufficiently reduced, its use should be severely restricted.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.E., 2003, Electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish: Information and Technology Report 2003-0002, vii, 149 p.","productDescription":"vii, 149 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481713,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/53886/report.pdf"},{"id":125138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/53886/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08a0e4b0c8380cd51bc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Darrel E.","contributorId":27543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Darrel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003001,"text":"1003001 - 2003 - Estimating mortality rates of adult fish from entrainment through the propellers of river towboats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-14T17:54:20.47021","indexId":"1003001","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating mortality rates of adult fish from entrainment through the propellers of river towboats","docAbstract":"We developed a method to estimate mortality rates of adult fish caused by entrainment through the propellers of commercial towboats operating in river channels. The method combines trawling while following towboats (to recover a fraction of the kills) and application of a hydrodynamic model of diffusion (to estimate the fraction of the total kills collected in the trawls). The sampling problem is unusual and required quantifying relatively rare events. We first examined key statistical properties of the entrainment mortality rate estimators using Monte Carlo simulation, which demonstrated that a design-based estimator and a new ad hoc estimator are both unbiased and converge to the true value as the sample size becomes large. Next, we estimated the entrainment mortality rates of adult fishes in Pool 26 of the Mississippi River and the Alton Pool of the Illinois River, where we observed kills that we attributed to entrainment. Our estimates of entrainment mortality rates were 2.52 fish/km of towboat travel (80% confidence interval, 1.00–6.09 fish/km) for gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, 0.13 fish/km (0.00–0.41) for skipjack herring Alosa chrysochloris, and 0.53 fish/km (0.00–1.33) for both shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus bubalus. Our approach applies more broadly to commercial vessels operating in confined channels, including other large rivers and intracoastal waterways.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/T01-098","usgsCitation":"Gutreuter, S., Dettmers, J.M., and Wahl, D.H., 2003, Estimating mortality rates of adult fish from entrainment through the propellers of river towboats: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 4, p. 646-661, https://doi.org/10.1577/T01-098.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"661","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Alton Pool, Illinois River, Mississippi River, Pool 26","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.70930480957031,\n 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S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettmers, John M.","contributorId":27395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, David H.","contributorId":206529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37336,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Kaskaskia Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":312557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179873,"text":"70179873 - 2003 - Migration behavior of juvenile salmonids and evaluation of a modified flume entrance at Cowitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T12:41:43","indexId":"70179873","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Migration behavior of juvenile salmonids and evaluation of a modified flume entrance at Cowitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2001","docAbstract":"Historically, the Cowlitz River watershed supported abundant runs of anadromous salmonids. The completion of the surface collection system and fish facility at the Cowlitz Falls Dam presented a unique opportunity to restore anadromous salmonids to the upper Cowlitz River watershed. Collecting smolts at Cowlitz Falls Dam, or before they enter the main body of Riffe Lake, is the key to restoring anadromous fish populations because Mossyrock Dam lacks fish passage facilities. However, after the first two seasons of operation, estimates of fish collection efficiencies (FCEs) based on mark recaptures have been as low as 5% for coho salmon smolts, and at times, up to 76% for steelhead smolts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis County Public Utility","usgsCitation":"Farley, M., Perry, R., Shurtleff, D., Feil, D., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Migration behavior of juvenile salmonids and evaluation of a modified flume entrance at Cowitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2001, xii., 51 p. .","productDescription":"xii., 51 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333463,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cowlitz Falls Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.14187622070311,\n 46.46387643300852\n ],\n [\n -122.11818695068358,\n 46.469788230827014\n ],\n [\n -122.10445404052733,\n 46.470024689385305\n ],\n [\n -122.10651397705077,\n 46.479009353404926\n ],\n [\n -122.10445404052733,\n 46.48562868298165\n ],\n [\n -122.06668853759766,\n 46.496028859471316\n ],\n [\n -122.04437255859375,\n 46.486810621373486\n ],\n [\n -122.04814910888672,\n 46.46363994774128\n ],\n [\n -122.1401596069336,\n 46.45654491204101\n ],\n [\n -122.14187622070311,\n 46.46387643300852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dee0e4b01192927d9fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farley, M.J.","contributorId":178350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shurtleff, D.J.","contributorId":93597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shurtleff","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feil, D.H.","contributorId":103850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feil","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182826,"text":"70182826 - 2003 - Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:37:38.263204","indexId":"70182826","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska","docAbstract":"A mid-Paleocene to early Eocene encounter between an oceanic spreading center and a subduction zone produced a wide range of geologic features in Alaska. The most striking effects are seen in the accretionary prism (Chugach–Prince William terrane), where 61 to 50 Ma near-trench granitic to gabbroic plutons were intruded into accreted trench sediments that had been deposited only a few million years earlier. This short time interval also saw the genesis of ophiolites, some of which contain syngenetic massive sulfide deposits; the rapid burial of these ophiolites beneath trench turbidites, followed immediately by obduction; anomalous high-T, low-P, near-trench metamorphism; intense ductile deformation; motion on transverse strike-slip and normal faults; gold mineralization; and uplift of the accretionary prism above sea level. The magmatic arc experienced a brief flare-up followed by quiescence. In the Alaskan interior, 100 to 600 km landward of the paleotrench, several Paleocene to Eocene sedimentary basins underwent episodes of extensional subsidence, accompanied by bimodal volcanism. Even as far as 1000 km inboard of the paleotrench, the ancestral Brooks Range and its foreland basin experienced a pulse of uplift that followed about 40 million years of quiescence.
All of these events - but most especially those in the accretionary prism - can be attributed with varying degrees of confidence to the subduction of an oceanic spreading center. In this model, the ophiolites and allied ore deposits were produced at the soon-to-be subducted ridge. Near-trench magmatism, metamorphism, deformation, and gold mineralization took place in the accretionary prism above a slab window, where hot asthenosphere welled up into the gap between the two subducted, but still diverging, plates. Deformation took place as the critically tapered accretionary prism adjusted its shape to changes in the bathymetry of the incoming plate, changes in the convergence direction before and after ridge subduction, and changes in the strength of the prism as it was heated and then cooled. In this model, events in the Alaskan interior would have taken place above more distal, deeper parts of the slab window. Extensional (or transtensional) basin subsidence was driven by the two subducting plates that each exerted different tractions on the upper plate. The magmatic lull along the arc presumably marks a time when hydrated lithosphere was not being subducted beneath the arc axis. The absence of a subducting slab also may explain uplift of the Brooks Range and North Slope: Geodynamic models predict that longwavelength uplift of this magnitude will take place far inboard from Andean-type margins when a subducting slab is absent. Precise correlations between events in the accretionary prism and the Alaskan interior are hampered, however, by palinspastic problems. During and since the early Tertiary, margin-parallel strike-slip faulting has offset the near-trench plutonic belt - i.e., the very basis for locating the triple junction and slab window - from its backstop, by an amount that remains controversial.
Near-trench magmatism began at 61 Ma at Sanak Island in the west but not until 51 Ma at Baranof Island, 2200 km to the east. A west-to-east age progression suggests migration of a trench-ridge-trench triple junction, which we term the Sanak-Baranof triple junction. Most workers have held that the subducted ridge separated the Kula and Farallon plates. As a possible alternative, we suggest that the ridge may have separated the Kula plate from another oceanic plate to the east, which we have termed the Resurrection plate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.19","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Kusky, T.M., Haeussler, P.J., Goldfarb, R.J., Miller, M.L., Dumoulin, J.A., Nelson, S.W., and Karl, S.M., 2003, Geologic signature of early Tertiary ridge subduction in Alaska: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 371, p. 19-49, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.19.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kusky, Timothy M.","contributorId":11664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nelson, Steven W.","contributorId":74024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70025385,"text":"70025385 - 2003 - Crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith from magnetic data: Implications for Gulf of California rifting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025385","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith from magnetic data: Implications for Gulf of California rifting","docAbstract":"A 70-km-wide belt of magnetic highs extends ???1200 km northwest from the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula into southern California. The anomalies are caused by the mafic western belt of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, which is exposed extensively along the northern 800 km length of the magnetic belt. Modeling indicates that the source of the anomalies extends to mid-to lower crustal depths. The linearity and undisrupted nature of the magnetic belt support the hypothesis that the peninsula has behaved as a rigid block and has resisted significant (>50 km) strike-slip deformation during the Tertiary. The absence of a corresponding magnetic belt along the coast of mainland Mexico to the south suggests that the location of rifting in the Gulf of California was influenced by the mafic Western Peninsular Ranges batholithic crust, perhaps because it is thermally and mechanically more resistant to deformation than the surrounding crust.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Jachens, R., 2003, Crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith from magnetic data: Implications for Gulf of California rifting: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 11, p. 51-1.","startPage":"51","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"-49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fceee4b0c8380cd4e50f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179880,"text":"70179880 - 2003 - Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T13:49:13","indexId":"70179880","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003","docAbstract":"Two fundamental aspects of lamprey biology were examined to provide tools for population assessment and determination of critical habitat needs of Columbia River Basin (CRB) lampreys (the Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, and the western brook lamprey, L. richardsoni). We evaluated the usefulness of current diagnostic characteristics for identification of larval lampreys (i.e., pigment patterns) and collected material for development of meristic and morphometric descriptions of early life stage CRB lampreys, and we determined the effects of temperature on survival and development of early life stage CRB lampreys. Thirty-one larval lampreys were collected from locations throughout the CRB and transported to the Columbia River Research Laboratory. Lampreys were sampled at six-week intervals at which time they were identified to the species level based on current diagnostic characteristics. Sampling was repeated until lampreys metamorphosed, at which time species identification was validated based on dentition, or until they died, at which time they were preserved for genetic examination. These lampreys were sampled 30 times with two individuals metamorphosing, both of which were consistently identified, and subsequently validated, as Pacific lampreys. Of the remaining lampreys, only one was inconsistently identified (Pacific lamprey in 83% of the sampling events and western brook lamprey in 17% of the sampling events). These data suggest that pigmentation patterns do not change appreciably through time. In 2001 and 2002 we artificially spawned Pacific and western brook lampreys in the laboratory to provide material for meristic and morphometric descriptions. We collected, digitized, preserved, and measured the mean chorion diameter of Pacific and western brook lamprey embryos. Embryos ranged in development from 1 d post fertilization to just prior to hatch, and were incubated at 14 C. Mean chorion diameter was greater and more variable for Pacific lampreys (mean {+-} SD; 1.468 {+-} 0.107 mm, N = 320) than for western brook lampreys (1.237 {+-} 0.064 mm, N = 280). An unpaired t-test showed that the difference in mean chorion diameter between species was highly significant (t = 32.788, df = 528.62, P < 0.0001). For larvae, we collected, digitized, and preserved 156 individuals from each species. Eight homologous landmarks defining a two-cell truss network with two appended triangles were selected for morphometric analyses and species discrimination. A full model discriminant analysis correctly classified 92% of the Pacific lampreys and 93% of the western brook lampreys in a classification data set. When applied to a test data set, the classification functions correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 85% of the western brook lampreys. A backward elimination discriminant analysis removed four variables from the full model, and the reduced model correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 93% of the western brook lampreys in a classification data set. The reduced model classification functions correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 85% of the western brook lampreys in a test data set. In 2001 and 2002 Pacific and western brook lampreys were artificially spawned and resulting progeny were reared in the laboratory at 10 C, 14 C, 18 C, and 22 C. The estimated temperature for zero development was 4.85 C for Pacific and 4.97 C for western brook lampreys. Survival was greatest at 18 C followed by 14 C, 10 C, and 22 C, with significant differences observed between 22 C and other temperatures. Overall survival was significantly greater for western brook than for Pacific lampreys, although the difference in proportion of individuals surviving was only 0.02. Survival to hatch was significantly greater than survival to the larval stage with a difference of only 0.03. The proportion of individuals exhibiting abnormalities at the larval stage was greatest at 22 C followed by 18 C, 10 C, and 14 C, with significant differences observed between 22 C and other temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","doi":"10.2172/963076","usgsCitation":"Meeuwig, M., Bayer, J., Seelye, J., and Reiche, R., 2003, Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003, https://doi.org/10.2172/963076.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/963076","text":"External Repository"},{"id":333470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedee4b01192927d9fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeuwig, M.H.","contributorId":24741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeuwig","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiche, R.A.","contributorId":68107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiche","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000923,"text":"1000923 - 2003 - Seasonal patterns in growth, blood consumption, and effects on hosts by parasitic-phase sea lampreys in the Great Lakes: an individual-based model approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T09:30:33","indexId":"1000923","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal patterns in growth, blood consumption, and effects on hosts by parasitic-phase sea lampreys in the Great Lakes: an individual-based model approach","docAbstract":"An individual-based model (IBM) was developed for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The IBM was then calibrated to observed growth, by season, for sea lampreys in northern Lake Huron under two different water temperature regimes: a regime experienced by Seneca-strain lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and a regime experienced by Marquettestrain lake trout. Modeling results indicated that seasonal blood consumption under the Seneca regime was very similar to that under the Marquette regime. Simulated mortality of lake trout directly due to blood removal by sea lampreys occurred at nearly twice the rate during August and September under the Marquette regime than under the Seneca regime. However, cumulative sea lamprey-induced mortality on lake trout over the entire duration of the sea lamprey's parasitic phase was only 7% higher for the Marquette regime compared with the Seneca regime. Thus, these modeling results indicated that the strain composition of the host (lake trout) population was not important in determining total number of lake trout deaths or total blood consumption attributable to the sea lamprey population, given the sea lamprey growth pattern. Regardless of water temperature regime, both blood consumption rate by sea lampreys and rate of sea lamprey-induced mortality on lake trout peaked in late October. Elevated blood consumption in late October appeared to be unrelated to changes in water temperature. The IBM approach should prove useful in optimizing control of sea lampreys in the Laurentian Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70498-5","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Cochran, P.A., and Bergstedt, R.A., 2003, Seasonal patterns in growth, blood consumption, and effects on hosts by parasitic-phase sea lampreys in the Great Lakes: an individual-based model approach: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. Supplement 1, p. 332-346, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70498-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"346","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Philip A.","contributorId":39745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008344,"text":"1008344 - 2003 - Species area relationships in mediterranean-climate plant communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T11:33:34","indexId":"1008344","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species area relationships in mediterranean-climate plant communities","docAbstract":"Aim To determine the best-fit model of species–area relationships for Mediterranean-type plant communities and evaluate how community structure affects these species–area models.
Location Data were collected from California shrublands and woodlands and compared with literature reports for other Mediterranean-climate regions.
Methods The number of species was recorded from 1, 100 and 1000 m2 nested plots. Best fit to the power model or exponential model was determined by comparing adjusted r2 values from the least squares regression, pattern of residuals, homoscedasticity across scales, and semi-log slopes at 1–100 m2 and 100–1000 m2. Dominance–diversity curves were tested for fit to the lognormal model, MacArthur's broken stick model, and the geometric and harmonic series.
Results Early successional Western Australia and California shrublands represented the extremes and provide an interesting contrast as the exponential model was the best fit for the former, and the power model for the latter, despite similar total species richness. We hypothesize that structural differences in these communities account for the different species–area curves and are tied to patterns of dominance, equitability and life form distribution. Dominance–diversity relationships for Western Australian heathlands exhibited a close fit to MacArthur's broken stick model, indicating more equitable distribution of species. In contrast, Californian shrublands, both postfire and mature stands, were best fit by the geometric model indicating strong dominance and many minor subordinate species. These regions differ in life form distribution, with annuals being a major component of diversity in early successional Californian shrublands although they are largely lacking in mature stands. Both young and old Australian heathlands are dominated by perennials, and annuals are largely absent. Inherent in all of these ecosystems is cyclical disequilibrium caused by periodic fires. The potential for community reassembly is greater in Californian shrublands where only a quarter of the flora resprout, whereas three quarters resprout in Australian heathlands.
Other Californian vegetation types sampled include coniferous forests, oak savannas and desert scrub, and demonstrate that different community structures may lead to a similar species–area relationship. Dominance–diversity relationships for coniferous forests closely follow a geometric model whereas associated oak savannas show a close fit to the lognormal model. However, for both communities, species–area curves fit a power model. The primary driver appears to be the presence of annuals. Desert scrub communities illustrate dramatic changes in both species diversity and dominance–diversity relationships in high and low rainfall years, because of the disappearance of annuals in drought years.
Main conclusions Species–area curves for immature shrublands in California and the majority of Mediterranean plant communities fit a power function model. Exceptions that fit the exponential model are not because of sampling error or scaling effects, rather structural differences in these communities provide plausible explanations. The exponential species–area model may arise in more than one way. In the highly diverse Australian heathlands it results from a rapid increase in species richness at small scales. In mature California shrublands it results from very depauperate richness at the community scale. In both instances the exponential model is tied to a preponderance of perennials and paucity of annuals. For communities fit by a power model, coefficients z and log c exhibit a number of significant correlations with other diversity parameters, suggesting that they have some predictive value in ecological communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00950.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Fotheringham, C.J., 2003, Species area relationships in mediterranean-climate plant communities: Journal of Biogeography, v. 30, no. 11, p. 1629-1657, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00950.x.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1657","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":87332,"text":"87332 - 2003 - Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T12:34:44","indexId":"87332","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5391,"text":"Series in Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"4","chapter":"1","title":"Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?","docAbstract":"Herein I compare the relative importance of preference for structurally complex habitat against avoidance of competitors and predators in two benthic fishes common in the Gulf of Mexico. The code goby Gobiosoma robustum Ginsburg and clown goby Microgobius gulosus (Girard) are common, ecologically similar fishes found throughout the Gulf of Mexico and in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. In Florida Bay, these fishes exhibit habitat partitioning: G. robustum is most abundant in seagrass-dominated areas while M. gulosus is most abundant in sparsely vegetated habitats. In a small-scale field survey, I documented the microhabitat use of these species where their distributions overlap. In a series of laboratory experiments, I presented each species with structured (artificial seagrass) versus nonstructured (bare sand) habitats and measured their frequency of choosing either habitat type. I then examined the use of structured versus nonstructured habitats when the two species were placed together in a mixed group. Finally, I placed a predator (Opsanus beta) in the experimental aquaria to determine how its presence influenced habitat selection. In the field, G. robustum was more abundant in seagrass and M. gulosus was more abundant in bare mud. In the laboratory, both species selected grass over sand in allopatry. However, in sympatry, M. gulosus occupied sand more often when paired with G. robustum than when alone. G. robustum appears to directly influence the habitat choice of M. gulosus: It seems that M. gulosus is pushed out of the structured habitat that is the preferred habitat of G. robustum. Thus, competition appears to modify the habitat selection of these species when they occur in sympatry. Additionally, the presence of the toadfish was a sufficient stimulus to provoke both M. gulosus and G. robustum to increase their selection for sand (compared to single-species treatments). Distribution patterns of M. gulosus and G. robustum likely result from a synthesis of various biotic and abiotic filters, including physiological tolerances to environmental factors, dispersal ability of larvae, and availability of food. Selection for structural complexity, competition, and presence of predators may further define the resulting pattern of distribution observed in the field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00004-2","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P., 2003, Habitat selection of two gobies (Microgobius gulosus, Gobiosoma robustum): influence of structural complexity, competitive interactions and presence of a predator: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 288, no. 1, p. 125-137, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00004-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"137","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"288","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, P. J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":80215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008359,"text":"1008359 - 2003 - Clinical disease and laboratory abnormalities in free-ranging desert tortoises in California (1990-1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T14:55:00","indexId":"1008359","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clinical disease and laboratory abnormalities in free-ranging desert tortoises in California (1990-1995)","docAbstract":"Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations have experienced precipitous declines resulting from the cumulative impact of habitat loss and human and disease-related mortality. Diagnosis of disease in live, free-ranging tortoises is facilitated by evaluation of clinical signs and laboratory test results but may be complicated by seasonal and environmental effects. The goals of this study were: 1) to describe and monitor clinical and laboratory signs of disease in adult, free-ranging desert tortoises at three sites in the Mojave Desert of California (USA) between October 1990 and October 1995; 2) to evaluate associations between clinical signs and hematologic, biochemical, serologic, and microbiologic test results; 3) to characterize disease patterns by site, season, and sex; and 4) to assess the utility of diagnostic tests in predicting morbidity and mortality. Venous blood samples were obtained four times per year from tortoises of both sexes at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area (DTNA), Goffs/Fenner Valley, and Ivanpah Valley. Tortoises were given a physical examination, and clinical abnormalities were graded by type and severity. Of 108 tortoises, 68.5% had clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease consistent with mycoplasmosis at least once during the study period. In addition, 48.1% developed moderate to severe shell lesions consistent with cutaneous dyskeratosis. Ulcerated or plaque-like oral lesions were noted on single occasions in 23% of tortoises at Goffs and 6% of tortoises at Ivanpah. Tortoises with oral lesions were significantly more likely than tortoises without lesions to have positive nasal cultures for Mycoplasma agassizii(P=0.001) and to be dehydrated (P=0.0007). Nine tortoises had marked azotemia (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] >100 mg/dl) or persistent azotemia (BUN 63–76 mg/dl); four of these died, three of which had necropsy confirmation of urinary tract disease. Laboratory tests had low sensitivity but high specificity in assessing morbidity and mortality; there was marked discrepancy between serologic and culture results for M. agassizii. Compared with tortoises at other sites, tortoises at DTNA were more likely to be seropositive for M. agassizii. Tortoises at Goffs were significantly more likely to have moderate to severe shell disease, oral lesions, positive nasal cultures for M. agassizii, and increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity. The severe disease prevalence in Goffs tortoises likely contributed to the population decline that occurred during and subsequent to this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-39.1.35","usgsCitation":"Christopher, M.M., Berry, K.H., Henen, B.T., and Nagy, K.A., 2003, Clinical disease and laboratory abnormalities in free-ranging desert tortoises in California (1990-1995): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 39, no. 1, p. 35-56, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-39.1.35.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-39.1.35","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de12a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christopher, Mary M.","contributorId":44473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henen, Brian T.","contributorId":174982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henen","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagy, Kenneth A.","contributorId":174983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagy","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024893,"text":"70024893 - 2003 - Feedback-driven response to multidecadal climatic variability at an alpine treeline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T06:36:05","indexId":"70024893","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3059,"text":"Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feedback-driven response to multidecadal climatic variability at an alpine treeline","docAbstract":"The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has significant climatological and ecological effects in northwestern North America. Its possible effects and their modification by feedbacks are examined in the forest-tundra ecotone in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Tree ring samples were collected to estimate establishment dates in 10 quadrats. Age-diameter regressions were used to estimate the ages of uncored trees. The temporal pattern of establishment and survival was compared to the pattern of the PDO. A wave of establishment began in the mid-1940s, rose to a peak rate in the mid-1970s, and dropped precipitously beginning ca. 1980 to near zero for the 1990s. The period of establishment primarily coincided with the negative phase of the PDO, but the establishment and survival pattern is not correlated with the PDO index. The pattern indicates a period during which establishment was possible and was augmented by positive feedback from surviving trees. Snow may be the most important factor in the feedback, but studies indicate that its effects vary locally. Spatially differentiated analyses of decadal or longer periodicity may elucidate responses to climatic variation.
Prey fish implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags can be used in predation studies if the timing of tag evacuation from the predators is understood. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine how PIT tags in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that were consumed by northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis were evacuated in relation to various parameters. The rate of evacuation was directly related to temperature, while predator size and the number of prey consumed had less effect on the timing of tag evacuation. A power model was fitted to predict the proportion of tags expected to be evacuated at different intervals after ingestion. These results could be used in planning field or laboratory predation experiments with PIT-tagged prey fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M02-079","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., and Barfoot, C., 2003, Evacuation of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Tags from Northern Pikeminnow Consuming Tagged Juvenile Chinook Salmon: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 4, p. 1265-1270, https://doi.org/10.1577/M02-079.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1270","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207816,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M02-079"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bd4e4b0c8380cd528d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barfoot, C.A.","contributorId":51490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barfoot","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}