{"pageNumber":"1116","pageRowStart":"27875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40859,"records":[{"id":70026021,"text":"70026021 - 2003 - Temporal species richness-biomass relationships along successional gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026021","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal species richness-biomass relationships along successional gradients","docAbstract":"Diversity-biomass relationships are frequently reported to be hump-shaped over space at a given time. However, it is not yet clear how diversity and biomass change simultaneously and how they are related to each other overtime (e.g. in succession) at one locality. This study develops a temporal model based on the projected changes of various community variables in a generalized terrestrial environment after fire and uses post-fire succession data on Santa Monica Mountains of southern California and other published succession data to examine the temporal diversity-biomass relationships. The results indicate that in the early stages of succession, both diversity and biomass increase and a positive relationship appears, while in the late stages of succession, biomass continued to increase but diversity usually declines; thus a negative relationship may be observed. When the scales of measurement become sufficiently large so that the measured diversity and biomass cross various stages of succession, a 'hump-shaped' relationship can emerge. The diversity-biomass relationship appears to be concordant in space and time when appropriate scales are used. Formerly proposed explanations for spatial patterns may well apply to the temporal patterns (particularly colonization, facilitation and competitive exclusion).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Vegetation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"11009233","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., 2003, Temporal species richness-biomass relationships along successional gradients: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 14, no. 1, p. 121-128.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba51ae4b08c986b3207ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026160,"text":"70026160 - 2003 - Conjunctive-management models for sustained yield of stream-aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026160","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conjunctive-management models for sustained yield of stream-aquifer systems","docAbstract":"Conjunctive-management models that couple numerical simulation with linear optimization were developed to evaluate trade-offs between groundwater withdrawals and streamflow depletions for alluvial-valley stream-aquifer systems representative of those of the northeastern United States. A conjunctive-management model developed for a hypothetical stream-aquifer system was used to assess the effect of interannual hydrologic variability on minimum monthly streamflow requirements. The conjunctive-management model was applied to the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system of central Rhode Island. Results show that it is possible to increase the amount of current withdrawal from the aquifer by as much as 50% by modifying current withdrawal schedules, modifying the number and configuration of wells in the supply-well network, or allowing increased streamflow depletion in the Annaquatucket and Pettaquamscutt rivers. Alternatively, it is possible to reduce current rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River by as much as 35% during the summer, but such reductions would result increases in groundwater withdrawals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:1(35)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., Ahlfeld, D., and Dickerman, D., 2003, Conjunctive-management models for sustained yield of stream-aquifer systems: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 129, no. 1, p. 35-48, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:1(35).","startPage":"35","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208862,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:1(35)"},{"id":234925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9c7e4b0c8380cd4d797","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahlfeld, D.P.","contributorId":94470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlfeld","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickerman, D.C.","contributorId":48601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026159,"text":"70026159 - 2003 - Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: Overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research, and exploration significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T17:27:39.614134","indexId":"70026159","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: Overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research, and exploration significance","docAbstract":"Metamorphic belts are complex regions where accretion or collision has added to, or thickened, continental crust. Gold-rich deposits can be formed at all stages of orogen evolution, so that evolving metamorphic belts contain diverse gold deposit types that may be juxtaposed or overprint each other. This partly explains the high level of controversy on the origin of some deposit types, particularly those formed or overprinted/remobilized during the major compressional orogeny that shaped the final geometry of the hosting metamorphic belts. These include gold-dominated orogenic and intrusion-related deposits, but also particularly controversial gold deposits with atypical metal associations. There are a number of outstanding problems for all types of gold deposits in metamorphc belts. These include the following: (1) definitive classifications, (2) unequivocal recognition of fluid and metal sources, (3) understanding of fluid migration and focusing at all scales, (4) resolution of the precise role of granitoid magmatism, (5) precise gold-depositional mechanisms, particularly those producing high gold grades, and (6) understanding of the release of CO2-rich fluids from subducting slabs and subcreted oceanic crust and granitoid magmas at different crustal levels. Research needs to be better coordinated and more integrated, such that detailed fluid-inclusion, trace-element, and isotopic studies of both gold deposits and potential source rocks, using cutting-edge technology, are embedded in a firm geological framework at terrane to deposit scales. Ultimately, four-dimensional models need to be developed, involving high-quality, three-dimensional geological data combined with integrated chemical and fluid-flow modeling, to understand the total history of the hydrothermal systems involved. Such research, particularly that which can predict superior targets visible in data sets available to exploration companies before discovery, has obvious spin-offs for global- to deposit-scale targeting of deposits with superior size and grade in the covered terranes that will be the exploration focus of the twenty-first century.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.1.1","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Groves, D., Goldfarb, R., Robert, F., and Hart, C., 2003, Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: Overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research, and exploration significance: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 1, p. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.1.1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2984e4b0c8380cd5a9f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robert, F.","contributorId":25725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robert","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, C.J.R.","contributorId":67228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"C.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026020,"text":"70026020 - 2003 - Gravity and magnetic expression of the San Leandro gabbro with implications for the geometry and evolution of the Hayward Fault zone, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T16:17:12.456782","indexId":"70026020","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity and magnetic expression of the San Leandro gabbro with implications for the geometry and evolution of the Hayward Fault zone, northern California","docAbstract":"The Hayward Fault, one of the most hazardous faults in northern California, trends north-northwest and extends for about 90 km along the eastern San Francisco Bay region. At numerous locations along its length, distinct and elongate gravity and magnetic anomalies correlate with mapped mafic and ultramafic rocks. The most prominent of these anomalies reflects the 16-km-long San Leandro gabbroic block. Inversion of magnetic and gravity data constrained with physical property measurements is used to define the subsurface extent of the San Leandro gabbro body and to speculate on its origin and relationship to the Hayward Fault Zone. Modeling indicates that the San Leandro gabbro body is about 3 km wide, dips about 75??-80?? northeast, and extends to a depth of at least 6 km. One of the most striking results of the modeling, which was performed independently of seismicity data, is that accurately relocated seismicity is concentrated along the western edge or stratigraphically lower bounding surface of the San Leandro gabbro. The western boundary of the San Leandro gabbro block is the base of an incomplete ophiolite sequence and represented at one time, a low-angle roof thrust related to the tectonic wedging of the Franciscan Complex. After repeated episodes of extension and attenuation, the roof thrust of this tectonic wedge was rotated to near vertical, and in places, the strike-slip Hayward Fault probably reactivated or preferentially followed this pre-existing feature. Because earthquakes concentrate near the edge of the San Leandro gabbro but tend to avoid its interior, we qualitatively explore mechanical models to explain how this massive igneous block may influence the distribution of stress. The microseismicity cluster along the western flank of the San Leandro gabbro leads us to suggest that this stressed volume may be the site of future moderate to large earthquakes. Improved understanding of the three-dimensional geometry and physical properties along the Hayward Fault will provide additional constraints on seismic hazard probability, earthquake modeling, and fault interactions that are applicable to other major strike-slip faults around the world.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020013","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D., Hildenbrand, T., and Jachens, R., 2003, Gravity and magnetic expression of the San Leandro gabbro with implications for the geometry and evolution of the Hayward Fault zone, northern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 14-26, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault zone, northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.200927734375,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7447509765625,\n              39.2492708462234\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.02490234375,\n              39.104488809440475\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3822021484375,\n              38.14751758025121\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1844482421875,\n              37.714244967649265\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.497802734375,\n              36.954281585675965\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.10229492187501,\n              36.677230602346214\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51977539062499,\n              37.99183365313853\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.200927734375,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a05e4b0c8380cd5ae21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025320,"text":"70025320 - 2003 - Real-time seismic data from the coastal ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:03:53","indexId":"70025320","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Real-time seismic data from the coastal ocean","docAbstract":"A moored-buoy system for collecting real-time seismic data from the coastal ocean has been developed and will be deployed for its initial field trial in the fall of 2003. The key component in this moored system is an ultra-stretchy mooring hose that provides compliance for waves and currents and protects the electrical conductors connecting an Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) to a surface buoy from the effects of bending and stretching. This hose is able to stretch to more than twice its unstretched length of 30 m without putting excessive strain on the electrical conductors embedded in its wall. In the initial trials of this system, the OBS will be deployed on the bottom in 40 m of water and connected to the mooring hose through a cable on the seafloor. It will transmit continuous data at a rate of about 5,000 bps to a radio link in the surface buoy. A repeater modem located at the Gay Head lighthouse on Martha's Vineyard about 18 km from the mooring site will receive the transmissions and forward the data to our laboratory at WHOI, about 46 km distant. A GPS receiver on the surface buoy will be configured to send accurate and synchronized time to the OBS on the seafloor, which will make it possible to include data from these undersea systems in the existing seismic data network without the need for any preprocessing. Power to operate the RF link and the OBS will be supplied by solar panels and rechargeable batteries on the surface buoy.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Celebrating the Past... Teaming Toward the Fututre","conferenceDate":"September 22-26, 2003","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178525","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Frye, D., ten Brink, U., Paul, W., Peal, K., and Von Der Heydt, K., 2003, Real-time seismic data from the coastal ocean, <i>in</i> Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), v. 1, San Diego, CA, September 22-26, 2003, p. 81-85, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178525.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95ace4b0c8380cd81b7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frye, D.","contributorId":53084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paul, W.","contributorId":33903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peal, K.","contributorId":26495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peal","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Von Der Heydt, K.","contributorId":9444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Der Heydt","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026108,"text":"70026108 - 2003 - Evaluating the importance of human-modified lands for neotropical bird conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026108","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the importance of human-modified lands for neotropical bird conservation","docAbstract":"Development of effective conservation plans for terrestrial animals will require some assessment of which human-modified and natural habitats can support populations of priority species. We examined bird communities associated with 11 natural and human-modified habitats in Panama and assessed the importance of those habitats for species of different vulnerability to disturbance. We calculated habitat importance scores using both relative habitat preferences and vulnerability scores for all species present. Species of moderate and high vulnerability were primarily those categorized as forest specialists or forest generalists. As expected, even species-rich nonforest habitats provided little conservation value for the most vulnerable species. However, shaded coffee plantations and gallery forest corridors were modified habitats with relatively high conservation value. Sugar cane fields and Caribbean pine plantations offered virtually no conservation value for birds. Our method of assessing the conservation importance of different habitats is useful because it considers the types of species present and the potential role of the habitat in the conservation of those species (i.e., habitat preference). This method of habitat evaluation could be tailored to other conservation contexts with any measure of species vulnerability desired.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.00124.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Petit, L.J., and Petit, D.R., 2003, Evaluating the importance of human-modified lands for neotropical bird conservation: Conservation Biology, v. 17, no. 3, p. 687-694, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.00124.x.","startPage":"687","endPage":"694","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.00124.x"},{"id":234623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bfae4b0c8380cd52999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petit, L. J.","contributorId":22053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petit","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petit, D. R.","contributorId":97865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petit","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026018,"text":"70026018 - 2003 - Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T14:05:09.6048","indexId":"70026018","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this study, the dynamics of soil thermal, hydrologic, and ecosystem processes were coupled to project how the carbon budgets of boreal forests will respond to changes in atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, climate, and fire disturbance. The ability of the model to simulate gross primary production and ecosystem respiration was verified for a mature black spruce ecosystem in Canada, the age-dependent pattern of the simulated vegetation carbon was verified with inventory data on aboveground growth of Alaskan black spruce forests, and the model was applied to a postfire chronosequence in interior Alaska. The comparison between the simulated soil temperature and field-based estimates during the growing season (May to September) of 1997 revealed that the model was able to accurately simulate monthly temperatures at 10 cm (</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 0.93) for control and burned stands of the fire chronosequence. Similarly, the simulated and field-based estimates of soil respiration for control and burned stands were correlated (</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.84 and 0.74 for control and burned stands, respectively). The simulated and observed decadal to century-scale dynamics of soil temperature and carbon dynamics, which are represented by mean monthly values of these variables during the growing season, were correlated among stands (</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.93 and 0.71 for soil temperature at 20- and 10-cm depths,&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.95 and 0.91 for soil respiration and soil carbon, respectively). Sensitivity analyses indicate that along with differences in fire and climate history a number of other factors influence the response of carbon dynamics to fire disturbance. These factors include nitrogen fixation, the growth of moss, changes in the depth of the organic layer, soil drainage, and fire severity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001jd001244","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Zhuang, Q., McGuire, A., O’Neill, K.P., Harden, J., Romanovsky, V., and Yarie, J., 2003, Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 1, p. FFR 3-1-FFR 3-26, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd001244.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"FFR 3-1","endPage":"FFR 3-26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd001244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tanana River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -142.75634765625,\n              63.25093928818513\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.62451171875,\n              63.50447451397417\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.9810791015625,\n              64.18724867664994\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.579833984375,\n              64.21832589114345\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.78857421875,\n              63.91564308935915\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.17932128906247,\n              63.21878040291831\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.921142578125,\n              63.15435519659187\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.75634765625,\n              63.25093928818513\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c2be4b0c8380cd6fabb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. 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P.","contributorId":104935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yarie, J.","contributorId":92847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarie","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026151,"text":"70026151 - 2003 - Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T08:10:38","indexId":"70026151","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">San Pablo Bay is an estuary, within northern San Francisco Bay, containing elevated sediment mercury (Hg) levels because of historic loading of hydraulic mining debris during the California gold-rush of the late 1800s. A preliminary investigation of benthic microbial Hg cycling was conducted in surface sediment (0–4&nbsp;cm) collected from one salt-marsh and three open-water sites. A deeper profile (0–26&nbsp;cm) was evaluated at one of the open-water locations. Radiolabeled model Hg-compounds were used to measure rates of both methylmercury (MeHg) production and degradation by bacteria. While all sites and depths had similar total-Hg concentrations (0.3–0.6&nbsp;ppm), and geochemical signatures of mining debris (as εNd, range: –3.08 to –4.37), in-situ MeHg was highest in the marsh (5.4±3.5&nbsp;ppb) and ≤0.7&nbsp;ppb in all open-water sites. Microbial MeHg production (potential rate) in 0–4 surface sediments was also highest in the marsh (3.1&nbsp;ng&nbsp;g<sup>–1</sup>&nbsp;wet sediment&nbsp;day<sup>–1</sup>) and below detection (&lt;0.06&nbsp;ng&nbsp;g<sup>–1</sup>&nbsp;wet sediment&nbsp;day<sup>–1</sup>) in open-water locations. The marsh exhibited a methylation/demethylation (M/D) ratio more than 25× that of all open-water locations. Only below the surface 0–4-cm horizon was significant MeHg production potential evident in the open-water sediment profile (0.2–1.1&nbsp;ng&nbsp;g<sup>–1</sup>&nbsp;wet&nbsp;sediment&nbsp;day<sup>–1</sup>). In-situ Hg methylation rates, calculated from radiotracer rate constants, and in-situ inorganic Hg(II) concentrations compared well with potential rates. However, similarly calculated in-situ rates of MeHg degradation were much lower than potential rates. These preliminary data indicate that wetlands surrounding San Pablo Bay represent important zones of MeHg production, more so than similarly Hg-contaminated adjacent open-water areas. This has significant implications for this and other Hg-impacted systems, where wetland expansion is currently planned.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00254-002-0623-y","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Agee, J., Bouse, R.M., and Jaffe, B.E., 2003, Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California: Environmental Geology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 260-267, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0623-y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"267","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's 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C.","contributorId":6605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agee, J.L. jlagee@usgs.gov","contributorId":103452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"J.L.","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026016,"text":"70026016 - 2003 - Strong ground-motion prediction from Stochastic-dynamic source models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T16:35:24.791026","indexId":"70026016","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong ground-motion prediction from Stochastic-dynamic source models","docAbstract":"In the absence of sufficient data in the very near source, predictions of the intensity and variability of ground motions from future large earthquakes depend strongly on our ability to develop realistic models of the earthquake source. In this article we simulate near-fault strong ground motion using dynamic source models. We use a boundary integral method to simulate dynamic rupture of earthquakes by specifying dynamic source parameters (fracture energy and stress drop) as spatial random fields. We choose these quantities such that they are consistent with the statistical properties of slip heterogeneity found in finite-source models of past earthquakes. From these rupture models we compute theoretical strong-motion seismograms up to a frequency of 2 Hz for several realizations of a scenario strike-slip Mw 7.0 earthquake and compare empirical response spectra, spectra obtained from our dynamic models, and spectra determined from corresponding kinematic simulations. We find that spatial and temporal variations in slip, slip rise time, and rupture propagation consistent with dynamic rupture models exert a strong influence on near-source ground motion. Our results lead to a feasible approach to specify the variability in the rupture time distribution in kinematic models through a generalization of Andrews' (1976) result relating rupture speed to apparent fracture energy, stress drop, and crack length to 3D dynamic models. This suggests that a simplified representation of dynamic rupture may be obtained to approximate the effects of dynamic rupture without having to do full dynamic simulations.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020006","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Guatteri, M., Mai, P., Beroza, G., and Boatwright, J., 2003, Strong ground-motion prediction from Stochastic-dynamic source models: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 301-313, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b86e4b08c986b31cf46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guatteri, Mariagiovanna","contributorId":29979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guatteri","given":"Mariagiovanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mai, P.M.","contributorId":32712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mai","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beroza, G. C.","contributorId":95626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beroza","given":"G. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025901,"text":"70025901 - 2003 - Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025901","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method","docAbstract":"A simple and powerful method for simulating ground motions is to combine parametric or functional descriptions of the ground motion's amplitude spectrum with a random phase spectrum modified such that the motion is distributed over a duration related to the earthquake magnitude and to the distance from the source. This method of simulating ground motions often goes by the name \"the stochastic method.\" It is particularly useful for simulating the higher-frequency ground motions of most interest to engineers (generally, f>0.1 Hz), and it is widely used to predict ground motions for regions of the world in which recordings of motion from potentially damaging earthquakes are not available. This simple method has been successful in matching a variety of ground-motion measures for earthquakes with seismic moments spanning more than 12 orders of magnitude and in diverse tectonic environments. One of the essential characteristics of the method is that it distills what is known about the various factors affecting ground motions (source, path, and site) into simple functional forms. This provides a means by which the results of the rigorous studies reported in other papers in this volume can be incorporated into practical predictions of ground motion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2003, Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 160, no. 3-4, p. 635-676.","startPage":"635","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b902ae4b08c986b319365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026014,"text":"70026014 - 2003 - Paleomagnetism and geochronology of an Early Proterozoic quartz diorite in the southern Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026014","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism and geochronology of an Early Proterozoic quartz diorite in the southern Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"We present geochronologic and paleomagnetic data from a north-trending quartz diorite intrusion that cuts Archean metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks of the South Pass Greenstone Belt of the Wyoming craton. The quartz diorite was previously thought to be either Archean or Early Proterozoic (?) in age and is cut by north and northeast-trending Proterozoic diabase dikes of uncertain age, for which we also report paleomagnetic data. New U-Pb analyses of baddeleyite and zircon from the quartz diorite yield a concordia upper intercept age of 2170 ?? 8 Ma (95% confidence). An 40Ar/39Ar amphibole date from the same sample yields a similar apparent age of about 2124 ?? 30 Ma (2??), thus confirming that the intrusion is Early Proterozoic in age and that it has probably not been thermally disturbed since emplacement. A magmatic event at ca. 2.17 Ga has not previously been documented in the Wyoming craton. The quartz diorite and one of the crosscutting diabase dikes yield essentially identical, well-defined characteristic remanent magnetizations. Results from eight sites in the quartz diorite yield an in situ mean direction of north declination and moderate to steep positive inclination (Dec.=355??, Inc.=65??, k=145, ??95=5??) with a paleomagnetic pole at 84??N, 215??E (??m=6??, ??p=7??). Data from other diabase dike sites are inconsistent with the quartz diorite results, but the importance of these results is uncertain because the age of the dikes is not well known. Interpretation of the quartz diorite remanent magnetization is problematic. The in situ direction is similar to expected directions for magnetizations of Late Cretaceous/early Tertiary age. However, there is no compelling evidence to suggest that these rocks were remagnetized during the late Mesozoic or Cenozoic. Assuming this magnetization to be primary, then the in situ paleomagnetic pole is strongly discordant with poles of 2167, 2214, and 2217 Ma from the Canadian Shield, and is consistent with proposed separation of the Wyoming Craton and Laurentia prior to about 1.8 Ga. Correcting the quartz diorite pole for the possible effects of Laramide-age tilting of the Wind River Range, based on the attitude of nearby overlying Cambrian Flathead Sandstone (dip=20??, N20??E), gives a tilt corrected pole of 75??N, 58??E (??m=4??, ??p=6??), which is also discordant with respect to time-equivalent poles from the Superior Province. Reconstruction of the Superior and Wyoming Province using a rotation similar to that proposed by Roscoe and Card [Can. J. Earth Sci. 46(1993)2475] is problematic, but reconstruction of the Superior and Wyoming Provinces based on restoring them to their correct paleolatitude and orientation using a closest approach fit indicates that the two cratons could have been adjacent at about 2.17 Ga prior to rifting at about 2.15 Ga. The paleomagnetic data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that the Huronian and Snowy Pass Supergroups could have evolved as part of a single epicratonic sedimentary basin during the Early Proterozoic. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00633-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Harlan, S.S., Geisman, J., and Premo, W.R., 2003, Paleomagnetism and geochronology of an Early Proterozoic quartz diorite in the southern Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA: Tectonophysics, v. 362, no. 1-4, p. 105-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00633-9.","startPage":"105","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208798,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00633-9"},{"id":234798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"362","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a741ce4b0c8380cd7744e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geisman, J.W.","contributorId":6233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geisman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026010,"text":"70026010 - 2003 - Fault systems of the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, southern California: Relocated aftershocks and seismic images from LARSE II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026010","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault systems of the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, southern California: Relocated aftershocks and seismic images from LARSE II","docAbstract":"We have constructed a composite image of the fault systems of the M 6.7 San Fernando (1971) and Northridge (1994), California, earthquakes, using industry reflection and oil test well data in the upper few kilometers of the crust, relocated aftershocks in the seismogenic crust, and LARSE II (Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment, Phase II) reflection data in the middle and lower crust. In this image, the San Fernando fault system appears to consist of a decollement that extends 50 km northward at a dip of ???25?? from near the surface at the Northridge Hills fault, in the northern San Fernando Valley, to the San Andreas fault in the middle to lower crust. It follows a prominent aseismic reflective zone below and northward of the main-shock hypocenter. Interpreted upward splays off this decollement include the Mission Hills and San Gabriel faults and the two main rupture planes of the San Fernando earthquake, which appear to divide the hanging wall into shingle- or wedge-like blocks. In contrast, the fault system for the Northridge earthquake appears simple, at least east of the LARSE II transect, consisting of a fault that extends 20 km southward at a dip of ???33?? from ???7 km depth beneath the Santa Susana Mountains, where it abuts the interpreted San Fernando decollement, to ???20 km depth beneath the Santa Monica Mountains. It follows a weak aseismic reflective zone below and southward of the mainshock hypocenter. The middle crustal reflective zone along the interpreted San Fernando decollement appears similar to a reflective zone imaged beneath the San Gabriel Mountains along the LARSE I transect, to the east, in that it appears to connect major reverse or thrust faults in the Los Angeles region to the San Andreas fault. However, it differs in having a moderate versus a gentle dip and in containing no mid-crustal bright reflections.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G., Clayton, R., Davis, P., Ryberg, T., Lutter, W.J., Okaya, D.A., Hauksson, E., Prodehl, C., Murphy, J., Benthien, M., Baher, S., Kohler, M., Thygesen, K., Simila, G., and Keller, G.R., 2003, Fault systems of the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, southern California: Relocated aftershocks and seismic images from LARSE II: Geology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 171-174.","startPage":"171","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1de4b0c8380cd53790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, R.W.","contributorId":63413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okaya, D. A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prodehl, C.","contributorId":100376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Benthien, M.L.","contributorId":20780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthien","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baher, S.A.","contributorId":14168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baher","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kohler, M.D.","contributorId":47399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thygesen, K.","contributorId":56840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thygesen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Simila, G.","contributorId":18151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simila","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70026009,"text":"70026009 - 2003 - Potential effects of climate change on ground water in Lansing, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:59:26.554716","indexId":"70026009","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on ground water in Lansing, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>Computer simulations involving general circulation models, a hydrologic modeling system, and a ground water flow model indicate potential impacts of selected climate change projections on ground water levels in the Lansing, Michigan, area. General circulation models developed by the Canadian Climate Centre and the Hadley Centre generated meteorology estimates for 1961 through 1990 (as a reference condition) and for the 20 years centered on 2030 (as a changed climate condition). Using these meteorology estimates, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory's hydrologic modeling system produced corresponding period streamflow simulations. Ground water recharge was estimated from the streamflow simulations and from variables derived from the general circulation models. The U.S. Geological Survey developed a numerical ground water flow model of the Saginaw and glacial aquifers in the Tri-County region surrounding Lansing, Michigan. Model simulations, using the ground water recharge estimates, indicate changes in ground water levels. Within the Lansing area, simulated ground water levels in the Saginaw aquifer declined under the Canadian predictions and increased under the Hadley.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb01568.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Croley, T., and Luukkonen, C.L., 2003, Potential effects of climate change on ground water in Lansing, Michigan: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 1, p. 149-163, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb01568.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Michigan","city":"Lansing","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              42.62587560259137\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.276123046875,\n              42.62587560259137\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.276123046875,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              42.62587560259137\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ecfe4b0c8380cd7a776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croley, T.E. II","contributorId":58381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croley","given":"T.E.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luukkonen, C. L.","contributorId":28962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026006,"text":"70026006 - 2003 - Using natural distributions of short-lived radium isotopes to quantify groundwater discharge and recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T19:18:23.224663","indexId":"70026006","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using natural distributions of short-lived radium isotopes to quantify groundwater discharge and recharge","docAbstract":"Radium activity in pore water of wetland sediments often differs from the amount expected from local production, decay, and exchange with solid phases. This disequilibrium results from vertical transport of radium with groundwater that flows between the underlying aquifer and surface water. In situations where groundwater recharge or discharge is significant, the rate of vertical water flow through wetland sediment can be determined from the radium disequilibrium by a combined model of transport, production, decay, and exchange with solid phases. We have developed and tested this technique at three sites in the freshwater portion of the Everglades by quantifying vertical advective velocities in areas with persistent groundwater recharge or discharge and estimating a coefficient of dispersion at a site that is subject to reversals between recharge and discharge. Groundwater velocities (v) were determined to be between 0 and -0.5 cm d-1 for a recharge site and 1.5 ?? 0.4 cm d-1 for a discharge site near Levee 39 in the Everglades. Strong gradients in 223Ra and 224Ra usually occurred at the base of the peat layer, which avoided the problems of other tracers (e.g., chloride) for which greatest sensitivity occurs near the peat surface - a zone readily disturbed by processes unrelated to groundwater flow. This technique should be easily applicable to any wetland system with different production rates of these isotopes in distinct sedimentary layers or surface water. The approach is most straightforward in systems where constant pore-water ionic strength can be assumed, simplifying the modeling of radium exchange.","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2003.48.1.0290","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Krest, J., and Harvey, J., 2003, Using natural distributions of short-lived radium isotopes to quantify groundwater discharge and recharge: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 1 I, p. 290-298, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.1.0290.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"298","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.1.0290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc07ee4b08c986b32a164","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krest, J.M.","contributorId":70973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krest","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025900,"text":"70025900 - 2003 - Geophysical and isotopic constraints on crustal structure related to mineral trends in north-central Nevada and implications for tectonic history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T17:55:34.022541","indexId":"70025900","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical and isotopic constraints on crustal structure related to mineral trends in north-central Nevada and implications for tectonic history","docAbstract":"<p><span>We combined information from Sr and Pb isotope data and magnetotelluric models to develop a new magnetic and gravity interpretation of the&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;</span>structure<span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span>north<span>-</span>central<span>&nbsp;</span>Nevada<span>&nbsp;to better understand the origin of&nbsp;</span>mineral<span>&nbsp;</span>trends<span>. The new interpretation suggests a&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;</span>structure<span>&nbsp;that is composed of Precambrian continental crust, transitional crust, and primarily oceanic crust that are separated by northwest- and northeast-striking fault zones. The magnetic expression of the buried Precambrian continental crust is recognized for the first time. Low magnetic values primarily reflect magnetite-poor crystalline crust rather than elevated temperatures at depth. Northwest- and northeast-striking&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;boundaries are defined by&nbsp;</span>isotopic<span>&nbsp;data and abrupt gradients&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;gravity and magnetic data. The Carlin and Battle Mountain-Eureka&nbsp;</span>mineral<span>&nbsp;</span>trends<span>&nbsp;are associated with two of three northwest-striking boundaries. The Carlin boundary is primarily defined by a change&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;density and&nbsp;</span>isotopic<span>&nbsp;character of the lower to middle crust. The Battle Mountain-Eureka boundary coincides with a density contrast&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the upper crust and a change&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>isotopic<span>&nbsp;character&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the lower to middle crust. Magnetotelluric models suggest that the Battle Mountain-Eureka boundary represents a&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;fault zone for most of its extent, but that deep-rooted faulting is more complex near and northwest of Battle Mountain.&nbsp;</span>Crustal<span>&nbsp;fault zones inferred from the magnetotelluric models near the Carlin&nbsp;</span>trend<span>&nbsp;are oblique to it, suggesting that they may not have been controlled by the deep boundary seen&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the gravity and&nbsp;</span>isotopic<span>&nbsp;data. The third northwest-trending boundary is&nbsp;</span>related<span>&nbsp;to the western edge of the buried Precambrian continent&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;west-</span>central<span>&nbsp;</span>Nevada<span>, but lacks an associated&nbsp;</span>mineral<span>&nbsp;</span>trend<span>. A northeast-striking boundary forms the northern limit of Precambrian continental and transitional crust. The boundaries may have originated as rift or transform faults during Precambrian breakup of Rodinia or as faults accommodating lateral movements or accretion during later Paleozoic&nbsp;</span>tectonic<span>&nbsp;events. Comparing the&nbsp;</span>crustal<span>&nbsp;</span>structure<span>&nbsp;to&nbsp;</span>tectonic<span>&nbsp;elements produced by successively younger events shows that it had a profound influence on subsequent sedimentation, deformation, magmatism, extension, and most important, mineralization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.269","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Rodriguez, B.D., and Wooden, J.L., 2003, Geophysical and isotopic constraints on crustal structure related to mineral trends in north-central Nevada and implications for tectonic history: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 269-286, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.269.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"286","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"north-central Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              40.9218144123785\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12548828124999,\n              40.9218144123785\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12548828124999,\n              41.97582726102573\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              41.97582726102573\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              40.9218144123785\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2800e4b0c8380cd59d46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, B. D.","contributorId":6084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026004,"text":"70026004 - 2003 - Modelling hydrologic responses in a small forested catchment (Panola Mountain, Georgia, USA): A comparison of the original and a new dynamic TOPMODEL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026004","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling hydrologic responses in a small forested catchment (Panola Mountain, Georgia, USA): A comparison of the original and a new dynamic TOPMODEL","docAbstract":"Preliminary modelling results for a new version of the rainfall-runoff model TOPMODEL, dynamic TOPMODEL, are compared with those of the original TOPMODEL formulation for predicting streamflow at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia. Dynamic TOPMODEL uses a kinematic wave routing of subsurface flow, which allows for dynamically variable upslope contributing areas, while retaining the concept of hydrological similarity to increase computational efficiency. Model performance in predicting discharge was assessed for the original TOPMODEL and for one landscape unit (LU) and three LU versions of the dynamic TOPMODEL (a bare rock area, hillslope with regolith <1 m, and a riparian zone with regolith ???5 m). All simulations used a 30 min time step for each of three water years. Each 1-LU model underpredicted the peak streamflow, and generally overpredicted recession streamflow during wet periods and underpredicted during dry periods. The difference between predicted recession streamflow generally was less for the dynamic TOPMODEL and smallest for the 3-LU model. Bayesian combination of results for different water years within the GLUE methodology left no behavioural original or 1-LU dynamic models and only 168 (of 96 000 sample parameter sets) for the 3-LU model. The efficiency for the streamflow prediction of the best 3-LU model was 0.83 for an individual year, but the results suggest that further improvements could be made. ?? 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1128","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., Freer, J., and Beven, K., 2003, Modelling hydrologic responses in a small forested catchment (Panola Mountain, Georgia, USA): A comparison of the original and a new dynamic TOPMODEL: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 2, p. 345-362, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1128.","startPage":"345","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1128"},{"id":234616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c6be4b0c8380cd6fca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freer, J.","contributorId":61975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beven, K.","contributorId":25320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beven","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026003,"text":"70026003 - 2003 - Model of the porphyry copper and polymetallic vein family of deposits - Applications in Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T16:57:03.459603","indexId":"70026003","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model of the porphyry copper and polymetallic vein family of deposits - Applications in Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania","docAbstract":"<p><span>A tectonic model useful in estimating the occurrence of undiscovered porphyry copper and polymetallic vein systems has been developed. This model is based on the manner in which magmatic and hydrothermal fluids flow and are trapped in fault systems as far-field stress is released in tectonic strain features above subducting plates (e.g. strike-slip fault systems). The structural traps include preferred locations for stock emplacement and tensional-shear fault meshes within the step-overs that localize porphyry- and vein-style deposits. The application of the model is illustrated for the porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits in the Central Slovakian Volcanic Field, Slovakia; the Mátra Mountains, Hungary; and the Apuseni Mountains, Romania.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.45.2.143","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Drew, L., 2003, Model of the porphyry copper and polymetallic vein family of deposits - Applications in Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 2, p. 143-156, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.45.2.143.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bb0e4b0c8380cd6f72d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026000,"text":"70026000 - 2003 - High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T18:09:30.990282","indexId":"70026000","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years","docAbstract":"<p><span>Holocene and latest Pleistocene oceanographic conditions and the coastal climate of northern California have varied greatly, based upon high-resolution studies (ca. every 100 years) of diatoms, alkenones, pollen, CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>%, and total organic carbon at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1019 (41.682°N, 124.930°W, 980 m water depth). Marine climate proxies (alkenone sea surface temperatures [SSTs] and CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>%) behaved remarkably like the Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP)-2 oxygen isotope record during the Bølling-Allerod, Younger Dryas (YD), and early part of the Holocene. During the YD, alkenone SSTs decreased by &gt;3°C below mean Bølling-Allerod and Holocene SSTs. The early Holocene (ca. 11.6 to 8.2 ka) was a time of generally warm conditions and moderate CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;content (generally &gt;4%). The middle part of the Holocene (ca. 8.2 to 3.2 ka) was marked by alkenone SSTs that were consistently 1–2°C cooler than either the earlier or later parts of the Holocene, by greatly reduced numbers of the gyre-diatom&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudoeunotia doliolus</i><span>&nbsp;(&lt;10%), and by a permanent drop in CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>% to &lt;3%. Starting at ca. 5.2 ka, coastal redwood and alder began a steady rise, arguing for increasing effective moisture and the development of the north coast temperate rain forest. At ca. 3.2 ka, a permanent ca. 1°C increase in alkenone SST and a threefold increase in&nbsp;</span><i>P. doliolus</i><span>&nbsp;signaled a warming of fall and winter SSTs. Intensified (higher amplitude and more frequent) cycles of pine pollen alternating with increased alder and redwood pollen are evidence that rapid changes in effective moisture and seasonal temperature (enhanced El Niño–Southern Oscillation [ENSO] cycles) have characterized the Site 1019 record since about 3.5 ka.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002PA000768","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Barron, J., Heusser, L., Herbert, T., and Lyle, M., 2003, High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years: Paleoceanography, v. 18, no. 1, p. 20-1-20-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000768.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"20-1","endPage":"20-19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002pa000768","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -127.73260080828507,\n              42.07058078746425\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.73260080828507,\n              40.205709758373615\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.29608776430297,\n              40.205709758373615\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.29608776430297,\n              42.07058078746425\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.73260080828507,\n              42.07058078746425\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30ffe4b0c8380cd5db4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, J.A. 0000-0002-9309-1145","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":95461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heusser, L.","contributorId":106888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herbert, T.","contributorId":56839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyle, M.","contributorId":40344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025994,"text":"70025994 - 2003 - Global occurrence of tellurium-rich ferromanganese crusts and a model for the enrichment of tellurium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:33:04.891103","indexId":"70025994","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global occurrence of tellurium-rich ferromanganese crusts and a model for the enrichment of tellurium","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>Hydrogenetic ferromanganese oxyhydroxide crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) precipitate out of cold ambient ocean water onto hard-rock surfaces (seamounts, plateaus, ridges) at water depths of about 400 to 4000 m throughout the ocean basins. The slow-growing (mm/Ma) Fe-Mn crusts concentrate most elements above their mean concentration in the Earth’s crust. Tellurium is enriched more than any other element (up to about 50,000 times) relative to its Earth’s crustal mean of about 1 ppb, compared with 250 times for the next most enriched element.</p><p>We analyzed the Te contents for a suite of 105 bulk hydrogenetic crusts and 140 individual crust layers from the global ocean. For comparison, we analyzed 10 hydrothermal stratabound Mn-oxide samples collected from a variety of tectonic environments in the Pacific. In the Fe-Mn crust samples, Te varies from 3 to 205 ppm, with mean contents for Pacific and Atlantic samples of about 50 ppm and a mean of 39 ppm for Indian crust samples. Hydrothermal Mn samples have Te contents that range from 0.06 to 1 ppm. Continental margin Fe-Mn crusts have lower Te contents than open-ocean crusts, which is the result of dilution by detrital phases and differences in growth rates of the hydrogenetic phases.</p><p>Correlation coefficient matrices show that for hydrothermal deposits, Te has positive correlations with elements characteristic of detrital minerals. In contrast, Te in open-ocean Fe-Mn crusts usually correlates with elements characteristic of the MnO<sub>2</sub>, carbonate fluorapatite, and residual biogenic phases. In continental margin crusts, Te also correlates with FeOOH associated elements. In addition, Te is negatively correlated with water depth of occurrence and positively correlated with crust thickness. Q-mode factor analyses support these relationships. However, sequential leaching results show that most of the Te is associated with FeOOH in Fe-Mn crusts and ≤10% is leached with the MnO<sub>2</sub>.</p><p>Thermodynamic calculations indicate that Te occurs predominantly as H<sub>5</sub>TeO<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in ocean water. The speciation of Te in ocean water and charge balance considerations indicate that Te should be scavenged by FeOOH, which is in agreement with our leaching results. The thermodynamically more stable Te(IV) is less abundant by factors of 2 to 3.5 than Te(VI) in ocean water. This can be explained by preferential (not exclusive) scavenging of Te(IV) by FeOOH at the Fe-Mn crust surface and by Fe-Mn colloids in the water column. We propose a model in which the extreme enrichment of Te in Fe-Mn crusts is likely the result of an oxidation reaction on the surface of FeOOH. A similar oxidation process has been confirmed for Co, Ce, and Tl at the surface of MnO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in crusts, but has not been suggested previously to occur in association with FeOOH in Fe-Mn crusts. Mass-balance considerations indicate that ocean floor Fe-Mn deposits are the major sink for Te in the oceans. The concentration and redox chemistry of Te in the global ocean are likely controlled by scavenging on Fe-Mn colloids in the water column and Fe-Mn deposits on the ocean floor, as is also the case for Ce.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01279-6","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Koschinsky, A., and Halliday, A.N., 2003, Global occurrence of tellurium-rich ferromanganese crusts and a model for the enrichment of tellurium: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, no. 6, p. 1117-1127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01279-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1117","endPage":"1127","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2950e4b0c8380cd5a850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschinsky, A.","contributorId":42724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschinsky","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025993,"text":"70025993 - 2003 - Surface wave tomography of North America and the Caribbean using global and regional broad-band networks: Phase velocity maps and limitations of ray theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025993","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface wave tomography of North America and the Caribbean using global and regional broad-band networks: Phase velocity maps and limitations of ray theory","docAbstract":"We present phase velocity maps of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves across the North American and Caribbean plates. Our data set consists of 1846 waveforms from 172 events recorded at 91 broad-band stations operating in North America. We compute phase velocity maps in four narrow period bands between 50 and 150 s using a non-linear waveform inversion method that solves for phase velocity perturbations relative to a reference Earth model (PREM). Our results show a strong velocity contrast between high velocities beneath the stable North American craton, and lower velocities in the tectonically active western margin, in agreement with other regional and global surface wave tomography studies. We perform detailed comparisons with global model results, which display good agreement between phase velocity maps in the location and amplitude of the anomalies. However, forward modelling shows that regional maps are more accurate for predicting waveforms. In addition, at long periods, the amplitude of the velocity anomalies imaged in our regional phase velocity maps is three time larger than in global phase velocity models. This amplitude factor is necessary to explain the data accurately, showing that regional models provide a better image of velocity structures. Synthetic tests show that the raypath coverage used in this study enables one to resolve velocity features of the order of 800-1000 km. However, only larger length-scale features are observed in the phase velocity maps. The limitation in resolution of our maps can be attributed to the wave propagation theory used in the inversion. Ray theory does not account for off-great-circle ray propagation effects, such as ray bending or scattering. For wavelengths less than 1000 km, scattering effects are significant and may need to be considered.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01866.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Godey, S., Snieder, R., Villasenor, A., and Benz, H., 2003, Surface wave tomography of North America and the Caribbean using global and regional broad-band networks: Phase velocity maps and limitations of ray theory: Geophysical Journal International, v. 152, no. 3, p. 620-632, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01866.x.","startPage":"620","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478527,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.01866.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208898,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01866.x"}],"volume":"152","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba166e4b08c986b31f06d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godey, S.","contributorId":39563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieder, R.","contributorId":63924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Villasenor, A.","contributorId":52733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025989,"text":"70025989 - 2003 - Source mechanism of long-period events at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, inferred from waveform inversion of the effective excitation functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025989","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source mechanism of long-period events at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, inferred from waveform inversion of the effective excitation functions","docAbstract":"We investigate the source mechanism of long-period (LP) events observed at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, based on waveform inversions of their effective excitation functions. The effective excitation function, which represents the apparent excitation observed at individual receivers, is estimated by applying an autoregressive filter to the LP waveform. Assuming a point source, we apply this method to seven LP events the waveforms of which are characterized by simple decaying and nearly monochromatic oscillations with frequency in the range 1-3 Hz. The results of the waveform inversions show dominant volumetric change components accompanied by single force components, common to all the events analyzed, and suggesting a repeated activation of a sub-horizontal crack located 300 m beneath the summit crater lakes. Based on these results, we propose a model of the source process of LP seismicity, in which a gradual buildup of steam pressure in a hydrothermal crack in response to magmatic heat causes repeated discharges of steam from the crack. The rapid discharge of fluid causes the collapse of the fluid-filled crack and excites acoustic oscillations of the crack, which produce the characteristic waveforms observed in the LP events. The presence of a single force synchronous with the collapse of the crack is interpreted as the release of gravitational energy that occurs as the slug of steam ejected from the crack ascends toward the surface and is replaced by cooler water flowing downward in a fluid-filled conduit linking the crack and the base of the crater lake. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00499-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Nakano, M., Kumagai, H., and Chouet, B., 2003, Source mechanism of long-period events at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, inferred from waveform inversion of the effective excitation functions: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 122, no. 3-4, p. 149-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00499-7.","startPage":"149","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00499-7"},{"id":234914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b932ee4b08c986b31a342","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakano, M.","contributorId":43528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakano","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumagai, Hiroyuki","contributorId":71337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025986,"text":"70025986 - 2003 - Estimating black bear population density and genetic diversity at Tensas River, Louisiana using microsatellite DNA markers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T13:55:04","indexId":"70025986","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating black bear population density and genetic diversity at Tensas River, Louisiana using microsatellite DNA markers","docAbstract":"<p>The Recovery Plan for the federally threatened Louisiana black bear (<i>Ursus americanus luteolus</i>) mandates that remnant populations be estimated and monitored. In 1999 we obtained genetic material with barbed-wire hair traps to estimate bear population size and genetic diversity at the 329-km<sup>2</sup> Tensas River Tract, Louisiana. We constructed and monitored 122 hair traps, which produced 1,939 hair samples. Of those, we randomly selected 116 subsamples for genetic analysis and used up to 12 microsatellite DNA markers to obtain multilocus genotypes for 58 individuals. We used Program CAPTURE to compute estimates of population size using multiple mark-recapture models. The area of study was almost entirely circumscribed by agricultural land, thus the population was geographically closed. Also, study-area boundaries were biologically discreet, enabling us to accurately estimate population density. Using model Chao M<sub>h</sub> to account for possible effects of individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities, we estimated the population size to be 119 (SE=29.4) bears, or 0.36 bears/km<sup>2</sup>. We were forced to examine a substantial number of loci to differentiate between some individuals because of low genetic variation. Despite the probable introduction of genes from Minnesota bears in the 1960s, the isolated population at Tensas exhibited characteristics consistent with inbreeding and genetic drift. Consequently, the effective population size at Tensas may be as few as 32, which warrants continued monitoring or possibly genetic augmentation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Boersen, M.R., Clark, J.D., and King, T., 2003, Estimating black bear population density and genetic diversity at Tensas River, Louisiana using microsatellite DNA markers: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 1, p. 197-207.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784374"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Franklin parish, Madison parish, Tensas parish","otherGeospatial":"Tensas River Wildlife 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Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":407387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Tim L.","contributorId":10736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025981,"text":"70025981 - 2003 - Serpentinization of abyssal peridotites from the MARK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Sulfur geochemistry and reaction modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025981","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serpentinization of abyssal peridotites from the MARK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Sulfur geochemistry and reaction modeling","docAbstract":"The opaque mineralogy and the contents and isotope compositions of sulfur in serpentinized peridotites from the MARK (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Kane Fracture Zone) area were examined to understand the conditions of serpentinization and evaluate this process as a sink for seawater sulfur. The serpentinites contain a sulfur-rich secondary mineral assemblage and have high sulfur contents (up to 1 wt.%) and elevated ??34Ssulfide (3.7 to 12.7???). Geochemical reaction modeling indicates that seawater-peridotite interaction at 300 to 400??C alone cannot account for both the high sulfur contents and high ??34Ssulfide. These require a multistage reaction with leaching of sulfide from subjacent gabbro during higher temperature (???400??C) reactions with seawater and subsequent deposition of sulfide during serpentinization of peridotite at ???300??C. Serpentinization produces highly reducing conditions and significant amounts of H2 and results in the partial reduction of seawater carbonate to methane. The latter is documented by formation of carbonate veins enriched in 13C (up to 4.5???) at temperatures above 250??C. Although different processes produce variable sulfur isotope effects in other oceanic serpentinites, sulfur is consistently added to abyssal peridotites during serpentinization. Data for serpentinites drilled and dredged from oceanic crust and from ophiolites indicate that oceanic peridotites are a sink for up to 0.4 to 6.0 ?? 1012 g seawater S yr-1. This is comparable to sulfur exchange that occurs in hydrothermal systems in mafic oceanic crust at midocean ridges and on ridge flanks and amounts to 2 to 30% of the riverine sulfate source and sedimentary sulfide sink in the oceans. The high concentrations and modified isotope compositions of sulfur in serpentinites could be important for mantle metasomatism during subduction of crust generated at slow spreading rates. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01142-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Alt, J., and Shanks, W.C., 2003, Serpentinization of abyssal peridotites from the MARK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Sulfur geochemistry and reaction modeling: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, no. 4, p. 641-653, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01142-0.","startPage":"641","endPage":"653","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208797,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01142-0"},{"id":234797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d65e4b08c986b318397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alt, J.C.","contributorId":72951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025980,"text":"70025980 - 2003 - Interdecadal change in the deep Puget sound benthos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025980","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interdecadal change in the deep Puget sound benthos","docAbstract":"Data from quantitative samples of the benthos at a 200-m site in central Puget Sound, collected twice yearly in most years between 1963 and 1992, were evaluated to determine the extent to which species composition in a continental-shelf depth community exhibits long-term persistence. Study results showed that the most abundant species were consistently present over the 30-year period. However, measures of species composition (e.g., similarity, diversity) reveal a subtle, gradual change in the community over time. Among the changes are (1) multi-year periods of greatly increased abundance of the common species; (2) an overall increase in the total abundance of the benthic community beginning in the mid-1970s; (3) periods of increased abundance, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, of two species that are tolerant of organic enrichment; and (4) the steady decline in abundance of the large burrowing echinoderm, Brisaster latifrons as a consequence of the lack of recruitment to the site since 1970. Despite the conspicuousness of these changes, there are no observed environmental factors that readily explain them. Circumstantial evidence suggests that climate-related change in Puget Sound circulation beginning in the mid-1970s, organic enrichment associated with a nearby large source of primary-treated sewage, and the influence of changes in the abundance of the large echinoderms on the smaller species are potential agents of change. The principle reasons for our inability to identify causes of long-term change in the Puget Sound benthos are (a) inconsistent long-term monitoring of environmental variables, (b) the lack of quantitative information about long-term changes in plankton and fish populations, (c) lack of knowledge of specific predator/prey and competitive interactions in soft bottom benthos, (d) unknown influence of moderate levels of contamination on biota; and (e) lack of understanding of possible linkages between climate regime shifts and fluctuations in local biological populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1025453700512","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F., 2003, Interdecadal change in the deep Puget sound benthos: Hydrobiologia, v. 493, p. 95-114, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025453700512.","startPage":"95","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208796,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025453700512"},{"id":234796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"493","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf4e4b0c8380cd631a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025974,"text":"70025974 - 2003 - Mapping the spatial distribution and time evolution of snow water equivalent with passive microwave measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025974","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the spatial distribution and time evolution of snow water equivalent with passive microwave measurements","docAbstract":"This paper presents an algorithm that estimates the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of snow water equivalent and snow depth based on passive remote sensing measurements. It combines the inversion of passive microwave remote sensing measurements via dense media radiative transfer modeling results with snow accumulation and melt model predictions to yield improved estimates of snow depth and snow water equivalent, at a pixel resolution of 5 arc-min. In the inversion, snow grain size evolution is constrained based on pattern matching by using the local snow temperature history. This algorithm is applied to produce spatial snow maps of Upper Rio Grande River basin in Colorado. The simulation results are compared with that of the snow accumulation and melt model and a linear regression method. The quantitative comparison with the ground truth measurements from four Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) sites in the basin shows that this algorithm is able to improve the estimation of snow parameters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2003.808907","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Guo, J., Tsang, L., Josberger, E., Wood, A., Hwang, J., and Lettenmaier, D., 2003, Mapping the spatial distribution and time evolution of snow water equivalent with passive microwave measurements: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 41, no. 3, p. 612-621, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.808907.","startPage":"612","endPage":"621","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.808907"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a508ae4b0c8380cd6b765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, J.","contributorId":47953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsang, L.","contributorId":43950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, A.W.","contributorId":43542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hwang, J.-N.","contributorId":54776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"J.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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