Most studies of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies have demonstrated positive effects on recipient consumer populations, often with very large effect sizes. However, it is important to move beyond these initial addition–exclusion experiments to consider the quantitative consequences for populations across gradients in the rates and quality of resource inputs. In our introduction to this special issue, we describe at least four potential models that describe functional relationships between subsidy input rates and consumer responses, most of them asymptotic. Here we aim to advance our quantitative understanding of how subsidy inputs influence recipient consumers and their communities. In the papers following, fish were either the recipient consumers or the subsidy as carcasses of anadromous species. Advancing general, predictive models will enable us to further consider what other factors are potentially co-limiting (e.g., nutrients, other population interactions, physical habitat, etc.) and better integrate resource subsidies into consumer–resource, biophysical dynamics models.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2016-0242","usgsCitation":"Richardson, J.S., and Wipfli, M.S., 2016, Getting quantitative about consequences of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies on recipient consumers: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 11, p. 1609-1615, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0242.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1609","endPage":"1615","ipdsId":"IP-076982","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0242","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c1e4b01ccd54fddfbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, John S.","contributorId":172517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182565,"text":"70182565 - 2016 - Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T12:41:34","indexId":"70182565","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","docAbstract":"The ONSR is a karst park, containing many springs and caves. The “jewels” of the park are large springs, several of first magnitude, that contribute significantly to the flow and water quality of the Current River and its tributaries. Completion of 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping of the park and surrounding river basin, along with synthesis of published hydrologic data, allows us to examine the spatial relationships between the springs and the geologic framework to develop a conceptual model for genesis of these springs. Based on their similarity to mapped spring conduits, many of the caves in the ONSR are fossil conduit segments. Therefore, geologic control on the evolution of the springs also applies to speleogenesis in this part of the southern Missouri Ozarks.
Large springs occur in the ONSR area because: (1) the Ozark aquifer, from which they rise, is chiefly dolomite affected by solution via various processes over a long time period, (2) Paleozoic hypogenic fluid migration through these rocks exploited and enhanced flow-paths, (3) a consistent and low regional dip of the rocks off of the Salem Plateau (less than 2° to the southeast) allows integration of flow into large groundwater basins with a few discreet outlets, (4) the springs are located where the rivers have cut down into structural highs, allowing access to water from stratigraphic units deeper in the aquifer thus allowing development of springsheds that have volumetrically larger storage than smaller springs higher in the section, and (5) quartz sandstone and bedded chert in the carbonate stratigraphic succession that are locally to regionally continuous, serve as aquitards that locally confine groundwater up dip of the springs creating artesian conditions. This subhorizontal partitioning of the Ozark aquifer allows contributing areas for different springs to overlap, as evidenced by dye traces that cross adjacent groundwater basin boundaries, and possibly contributes to alternate flow routes under different groundwater flow regimes.
A better understanding of the 3-dimensional hydrogeologic framework for the large spring systems in the ONSR allows more precise mapping of the contributing areas for those springs, will guide future studies of groundwater flow paths, and inform development of groundwater resource management strategies for the park.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"GSA Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"2016","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO ","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America ","doi":"10.1130/abs/2016AM-282679","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., and Orndorff, R.C., 2016, Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, CO , 2016, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016AM-282679.","ipdsId":"IP-082624","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c1e4b01ccd54fddfbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184223,"text":"70184223 - 2016 - Influence of land-atmosphere feedbacks on temperature and precipitation extremes in the GLACE-CMIP5 ensemble","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T11:13:04","indexId":"70184223","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of land-atmosphere feedbacks on temperature and precipitation extremes in the GLACE-CMIP5 ensemble","docAbstract":"We examine how soil moisture variability and trends affect the simulation of temperature and precipitation extremes in six global climate models using the experimental protocol of the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (GLACE-CMIP5). This protocol enables separate examinations of the influences of soil moisture variability and trends on the intensity, frequency, and duration of climate extremes by the end of the 21st century under a business-as-usual (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) emission scenario. Removing soil moisture variability significantly reduces temperature extremes over most continental surfaces, while wet precipitation extremes are enhanced in the tropics. Projected drying trends in soil moisture lead to increases in intensity, frequency, and duration of temperature extremes by the end of the 21st century. Wet precipitation extremes are decreased in the tropics with soil moisture trends in the simulations, while dry extremes are enhanced in some regions, in particular the Mediterranean and Australia. However, the ensemble results mask considerable differences in the soil moisture trends simulated by the six climate models. We find that the large differences between the models in soil moisture trends, which are related to an unknown combination of differences in atmospheric forcing (precipitation, net radiation), flux partitioning at the land surface, and how soil moisture is parameterized, imply considerable uncertainty in future changes in climate extremes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JD024053","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, R., Argueso, D., Donat, M.G., Pitman, A.J., van den Hurk, B., Berg, A., Lawrence, D.M., Cheruy, F., Ducharne, A., Hagemann, S., Meier, A., Milly, P., and Seneviratne, S., 2016, Influence of land-atmosphere feedbacks on temperature and precipitation extremes in the GLACE-CMIP5 ensemble: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 121, no. 2, p. 607-623, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024053.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"623","ipdsId":"IP-071044","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0029-CE77-E","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833be4b014cc3a3a99eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenz, Ruth","contributorId":187491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Argueso, Daniel","contributorId":187492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Argueso","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donat, Markus G.","contributorId":187493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donat","given":"Markus","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, Andrew J.","contributorId":187494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitman","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van den Hurk, Bart","contributorId":187495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van den Hurk","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berg, Alexis","contributorId":187496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"Alexis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lawrence, David M.","contributorId":105206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7166,"text":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cheruy, Frederique","contributorId":187497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheruy","given":"Frederique","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ducharne, Agnes","contributorId":187498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ducharne","given":"Agnes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hagemann, Stefan","contributorId":187499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagemann","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Meier, Arndt","contributorId":187500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meier","given":"Arndt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Seneviratne, Sonia I","contributorId":187501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seneviratne","given":"Sonia I","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70180405,"text":"70180405 - 2016 - Conservation planning for the Colorado River in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T13:23:59","indexId":"70180405","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Conservation planning for the Colorado River in Utah","docAbstract":"Strategic planning is increasingly recognized as necessary for providing the greatest possible conservation benefits for restoration efforts. Rigorous, science-based resource assessment, combined with acknowledgement of broader basin trends, provides a solid foundation for determining effective projects. It is equally important that methods used to prioritize conservation investments are simple and practical enough that they can be implemented in a timely manner and by a variety of resource managers. With the help of local and regional natural resource professionals, we have developed a broad-scale, spatially-explicit assessment of 146 miles (~20,000 acres) of the Colorado River mainstem in Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah that will function as the basis for a systematic, practical approach to conservation planning and riparian restoration prioritization. For the assessment we have: 1) acquired, modified or created spatial datasets of Colorado River bottomland conditions; 2) synthesized those datasets into habitat suitability models and estimates of natural recovery potential, fire risk and relative cost; 3) investigated and described dominant ecosystem trends and human uses, and; 4) suggested site selection and prioritization approaches. Partner organizations (The Nature Conservancy, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management and Utah Forestry Fire and State Lands) are using the assessment and datasets to identify and prioritize a suite of restoration actions to increase ecosystem resilience and improve habitat for bottomland species. Primary datasets include maps of bottomland cover types, bottomland extent, maps of areas inundated during high and low flow events, as well as locations of campgrounds, roads, fires, invasive vegetation treatment areas and other features. Assessment of conditions and trends in the project area entailed: 1) assemblage of existing data on geology, changes in stream flow, and predictions of future conditions; 2) identification of fish and wildlife species present and grouping species into Conservation Elements (CEs) based on habitat needs, and: 3) acquisition, review and creation of spatial datasets characterizing vegetation, fluvial geomorphic and human features within the bottomland. Interpretation of aerial imagery and assimilation of pre-existing spatial data were central to our efforts in characterizing resources conditions. Detailed maps of vegetation and channel habitat features in the project area were generated from true color, high resolution (0.3m) imagery flown September 16, 2010. We also mapped channel habitat features at high flow on 1.0-m resolution, publicly available, true color imagery. We obtained additional layers such as land ownership, roads, fire history, non-native vegetation treatment areas, and recreational use features from public sources and project partners. Habitat suitability models were created for groups of terrestrial species by combining spatial datasets with the habitat needs of conservation elements, guided by literature, where available, and extensive use of expert knowledge. Conservation elements for endangered fish species life stages were identified but not modeled. Terrestrial CE’s included: • Riparian Overstory -yellow-billed cuckoo, Bullock’s oriole, black-headed grosbeak, blue grosbeak, warbling vireo, Cooper's hawk, screech owl, saw-whet owl, and bald eagle, (best: tall trees, dense canopy, diverse shrub understory, no tamarisk); • Riparian Understory - southwestern willow flycatcher, common yellowthroat, yellow warbler, yellow-breasted chat, beaver, northern river otter, black-necked garter snake, (best: dense mesic shrubs near still water, no tamarisk); • Bat Feeding - Allen's big-eared bat, Townsend's big-eared bat, fringed myotis, Yuma myotis, big free-tailed bat, spotted bat (best: diverse vegetation, close to still water); • Bat Watering - big free-tailed and spotted bats (best: still water with no tall vegetation); •
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Mesa University","usgsCitation":"Christine Rasmussen, and Shafroth, P.B., 2016, Conservation planning for the Colorado River in Utah, 94 p. .","productDescription":"94 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-079063","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334302,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.coloradomesa.edu/water-center/documents/rasmussen_shaftroth_2016_watercenter_cmu.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.06677246093749,\n 39.15136267949029\n ],\n [\n -109.3304443359375,\n 38.94659331893374\n ],\n [\n -109.79187011718749,\n 38.49229419236133\n ],\n [\n -110.489501953125,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -110.93994140625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -110.89599609375,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -110.269775390625,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -109.44580078125,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -109.06677246093749,\n 39.15136267949029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c833e4b025c464286292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christine Rasmussen","contributorId":178920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christine Rasmussen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185995,"text":"70185995 - 2016 - A review of single-sample-based models and other approaches for radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T11:21:50","indexId":"70185995","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of single-sample-based models and other approaches for radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater","docAbstract":"Numerous methods have been proposed to estimate the pre-nuclear-detonation 14C content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) recharged to groundwater that has been corrected/adjusted for geochemical processes in the absence of radioactive decay (14C0) - a quantity that is essential for estimation of radiocarbon age of DIC in groundwater. The models/approaches most commonly used are grouped as follows: (1) single-sample-based models, (2) a statistical approach based on the observed (curved) relationship between 14C and δ13C data for the aquifer, and (3) the geochemical mass-balance approach that constructs adjustment models accounting for all the geochemical reactions known to occur along a groundwater flow path. This review discusses first the geochemical processes behind each of the single-sample-based models, followed by discussions of the statistical approach and the geochemical mass-balance approach. Finally, the applications, advantages and limitations of the three groups of models/approaches are discussed.
The single-sample-based models constitute the prevailing use of 14C data in hydrogeology and hydrological studies. This is in part because the models are applied to an individual water sample to estimate the 14C age, therefore the measurement data are easily available. These models have been shown to provide realistic radiocarbon ages in many studies. However, they usually are limited to simple carbonate aquifers and selection of model may have significant effects on 14C0 often resulting in a wide range of estimates of 14C ages.
Of the single-sample-based models, four are recommended for the estimation of 14C0 of DIC in groundwater: Pearson's model, (Ingerson and Pearson, 1964; Pearson and White, 1967), Han & Plummer's model (Han and Plummer, 2013), the IAEA model (Gonfiantini, 1972; Salem et al., 1980), and Oeschger's model (Geyh, 2000). These four models include all processes considered in single-sample-based models, and can be used in different ranges of 13C values.
In contrast to the single-sample-based models, the extended Gonfiantini & Zuppi model (Gonfiantini and Zuppi, 2003; Han et al., 2014) is a statistical approach. This approach can be used to estimate 14C ages when a curved relationship between the 14C and 13C values of the DIC data is observed. In addition to estimation of groundwater ages, the relationship between 14C and δ13C data can be used to interpret hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, e.g. estimating apparent rates of geochemical reactions and revealing the complexity of the geochemical environment, and identify samples that are not affected by the same set of reactions/processes as the rest of the dataset. The investigated water samples may have a wide range of ages, and for waters with very low values of 14C, the model based on statistics may give more reliable age estimates than those obtained from single-sample-based models. In the extended Gonfiantini & Zuppi model, a representative system-wide value of the initial 14C content is derived from the 14C and δ13C data of DIC and can differ from that used in single-sample-based models. Therefore, the extended Gonfiantini & Zuppi model usually avoids the effect of modern water components which might retain ‘bomb’ pulse signatures.
The geochemical mass-balance approach constructs an adjustment model that accounts for all the geochemical reactions known to occur along an aquifer flow path (Plummer et al., 1983; Wigley et al., 1978; Plummer et al., 1994; Plummer and Glynn, 2013), and includes, in addition to DIC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and methane (CH4). If sufficient chemical, mineralogical and isotopic data are available, the geochemical mass-balance method can yield the most accurate estimates of the adjusted radiocarbon age. The main limitation of this approach is that complete information is necessary on chemical, mineralogical and isotopic data and these data are often limited.
Failure to recognize the limitations and underlying assumptions on which the various models and approaches are based can result in a wide range of estimates of 14C0 and limit the usefulness of radiocarbon as a dating tool for groundwater. In each of the three generalized approaches (single-sample-based models, statistical approach, and geochemical mass-balance approach), successful application depends on scrutiny of the isotopic (14C and 13C) and chemical data to conceptualize the reactions and processes that affect the 14C content of DIC in aquifers. The recently developed graphical analysis method is shown to aid in determining which approach is most appropriate for the isotopic and chemical data from a groundwater system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.11.004","usgsCitation":"Han, L.F., and Plummer, N., 2016, A review of single-sample-based models and other approaches for radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 152, p. 119-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.11.004.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"142","ipdsId":"IP-068009","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de194fe4b02ff32c699ca7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, L. F","contributorId":190101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180371,"text":"70180371 - 2016 - Potentiometric surface and water-level difference maps of selected confined aquifers in Southern Maryland and Maryland’s Eastern Shore, 1975-2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T15:41:14","indexId":"70180371","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Potentiometric surface and water-level difference maps of selected confined aquifers in Southern Maryland and Maryland’s Eastern Shore, 1975-2015","docAbstract":"Key Results\r\n\r\nThis report presents potentiometric-surface maps of the Aquia and Magothy aquifers and the Upper Patapsco, Lower Patapsco, and Patuxent aquifer systems using water levels measured during September 2015. Water-level difference maps are also presented for these aquifers. The water-level differences in the Aquia aquifer are shown using groundwater-level data from 1982 and 2015, while the water-level differences are shown for the Magothy aquifer using data from 1975 and 2015. Water-level difference maps for both the Upper Patapsco and Lower Patapsco aquifer systems are shown using data from 1990 and 2015. The water-level differences in the Patuxent aquifer system are shown using groundwater-level data from 2007 and 2015.\r\n\r\nThe potentiometric surface maps show water levels ranging from 53 feet above sea level to 164 feet below sea level in the Aquia aquifer, from 86 feet above sea level to 106 feet below sea level in the Magothy aquifer, from 115 feet above sea level to 115 feet below sea level in the Upper Patapsco aquifer system, from 106 feet above sea level to 194 feet below sea level in the Lower Patapsco aquifer system, and from 165 feet above sea level to 171 feet below sea level in the Patuxent aquifer system. Water levels have declined by as much as 116 feet in the Aquia aquifer since 1982, 99 feet in the Magothy aquifer since 1975, 66 and 83 feet in the Upper Patapsco and Lower Patapsco aquifer systems, respectively, since 1990, and 80 feet in the Patuxent aquifer system since 2007.","language":"English","publisher":"Maryland Geological Survey","collaboration":"Maryland Geological Survey; Maryland Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Curtin, S.E., Staley, A.W., and Andreasen, D.C., 2016, Potentiometric surface and water-level difference maps of selected confined aquifers in Southern Maryland and Maryland’s Eastern Shore, 1975-2015, iii., 30 p. .","productDescription":"iii., 30 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-077192","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334236,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mgs.md.gov/publications/report_pages/OFR_16-02-02.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c833e4b025c464286294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtin, Stephen E. securtin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Stephen","email":"securtin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staley, Andrew W.","contributorId":178867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staley","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andreasen, David C.","contributorId":178868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andreasen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173935,"text":"70173935 - 2016 - The biogeography of threatened insular iguanas and opportunities for invasive vertebrate management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T14:36:23","indexId":"70173935","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The biogeography of threatened insular iguanas and opportunities for invasive vertebrate management","docAbstract":"Iguanas are a particularly threatened group of reptiles, with 61% of species at risk of extinction. Primary threats to iguanas include habitat loss, direct and indirect impacts by invasive vertebrates, overexploitation, and human disturbance. As conspicuous, charismatic vertebrates, iguanas also represent excellent flagships for biodiversity conservation. To assist planning for invasive vertebrate management and thus benefit threatened iguana recovery, we identified all islands with known extant or extirpated populations of Critically Endangered and Endangered insular iguana taxa as recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. For each island, we determined total area, sovereignty, the presence of invasive alien vertebrates, and human population. For the 23 taxa of threatened insular iguanas we identified 230 populations, of which iguanas were extant on 185 islands and extirpated from 45 islands. Twenty-one iguana taxa (91% of all threatened insular iguana taxa) occurred on at least one island with invasive vertebrates present; 16 taxa had 100% of their population(s) on islands with invasive vertebrates present. Rodents, cats, ungulates, and dogs were the most common invasive vertebrates. We discuss biosecurity, eradication, and control of invasive vertebrates to benefit iguana recovery: (1) on islands already free of invasive vertebrates; (2) on islands with high iguana endemicity; and (3) for species and subspecies with small total populations occurring across multiple small islands. Our analyses provide an important first step toward understanding how invasive vertebrate management can be planned effectively to benefit threatened insular iguanas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Iguanas: Biology, Systematics, and Conservation: Herpetological Conservation and Biology 11(Monograph 6)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Tershy, B.R., Newton, K.M., Spatz, D.R., Swinnerton, K., Iverson, J.B., Fisher, R.N., Harlow, P.S., Holmes, N.D., and Croll, D.A., 2016, The biogeography of threatened insular iguanas and opportunities for invasive vertebrate management, chap. of Iguanas: Biology, Systematics, and Conservation: Herpetological Conservation and Biology 11(Monograph 6), v. 11, no. 6, p. 222-236.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"236","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061457","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":323888,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol11_Monograph6.html"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb8e4b07657d1a90d8d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Iverson, J. 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A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641070,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Tershy, Bernie R.","contributorId":71881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tershy","given":"Bernie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, Kelly M.","contributorId":172089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newton","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":26976,"text":"Island Conservation, Santa Cruz, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spatz, Dena R.","contributorId":172090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spatz","given":"Dena","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":26977,"text":"Dep't Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UC Santa Cruz, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swinnerton, Kirsty","contributorId":140008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swinnerton","given":"Kirsty","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13352,"text":"Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iverson, John B.","contributorId":147488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harlow, Peter S.","contributorId":150093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harlow","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17909,"text":"Taronga Zoo, Mosman, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Holmes, Nick D.","contributorId":172091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":26976,"text":"Island Conservation, Santa Cruz, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Croll, Donald A.","contributorId":62520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croll","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70168574,"text":"70168574 - 2016 - A strategy for low cost development of incremental oil in legacy reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:37:01","indexId":"70168574","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A strategy for low cost development of incremental oil in legacy reservoirs","docAbstract":"The precipitous decline in oil prices during 2015 has forced operators to search for ways to develop low-cost and low-risk oil reserves. This study examines strategies to low cost development of legacy reservoirs, particularly those which have already implemented a carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2 EOR) program. Initially the study examines the occurrence and nature of the distribution of the oil resources that are targets for miscible and near-miscible CO2 EOR programs. The analysis then examines determinants of technical recovery through the analysis of representative clastic and carbonate reservoirs. The economic analysis focusses on delineating the dominant components of investment and operational costs. The concluding sections describe options to maximize the value of assets that the operator of such a legacy reservoir may have that include incremental expansion within the same producing zone and to producing zones that are laterally or stratigraphically near main producing zones. The analysis identified the CO2 recycle plant as the dominant investment cost item and purchased CO2 and liquids management as a dominant operational cost items. Strategies to utilize recycle plants for processing CO2 from multiple producing zones and multiple reservoir units can significantly reduce costs. Industrial sources for CO2 should be investigated as a possibly less costly way of meeting EOR requirements. Implementation of tapered water alternating gas injection schemes can partially mitigate increases in fluid lifting costs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the SPE/IAEE hydrocarbon economics and evaluation symposium 2016","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SPE/IAEE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium 2016","conferenceDate":"May 17-18, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","publisherLocation":"Richardson, TX","doi":"10.2118/179997-MS","isbn":"9781510831292","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., 2016, A strategy for low cost development of incremental oil in legacy reservoirs, in Proceedings of the SPE/IAEE hydrocarbon economics and evaluation symposium 2016, Houston, TX, May 17-18, 2016, p. 636-652, https://doi.org/10.2118/179997-MS.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"636","endPage":"652","ipdsId":"IP-073305","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0e9ee4b006455f2d61c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":1809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169884,"text":"70169884 - 2016 - Fire as an ecosystem process: Chapter 3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T16:13:55","indexId":"70169884","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fire as an ecosystem process: Chapter 3","docAbstract":"This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for California’s remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem type—its distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of California’s ecological patterns and the history of the state’s various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the state’s ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of California’s environment and curious naturalists.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems of California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","isbn":"9780520278806","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Safford, H.D., 2016, Fire as an ecosystem process: Chapter 3, chap. of Ecosystems of California.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051438","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319563,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520278806"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dcfe4e4b0589fa1cbd874","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mooney, Harold A.","contributorId":172852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mooney","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642269,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zavaleta, Erika S.","contributorId":43233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zavaleta","given":"Erika","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642270,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safford, Hugh D.","contributorId":112922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safford","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188068,"text":"70188068 - 2016 - Status and trends of land change in selected U.S. ecoregions - 2000 to 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T12:59:37","indexId":"70188068","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and trends of land change in selected U.S. ecoregions - 2000 to 2011","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey scientists developed a dataset of 2006 and 2011 land-use and land-cover (LULC) information for selected 100-km2 sample blocks within 29 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level III ecoregions across the conterminous United States. The data can be used with the previously published Land Cover Trends Dataset: 1973 to 2000 to assess landuse/land-cover change across a 37-year study period. Results from analysis of these data include ecoregion-based statistical estimates of the amount of LULC change per time period, ranking of the most common types of conversions, rates of change, and percent composition. Overall estimated amount of change per ecoregion from 2001 to 2011 ranged from a low of 370 km2 in the Northern Basin and Range Ecoregion to a high of 78,782 km2 in the Southeastern Plains Ecoregion. The Southeastern Plains continues to encompass one of the most intense forest harvesting and regrowth regions in the country, with 16.6 percent of the ecoregion changing between 2001 and 2011. These LULC change statistics provide a new, valuable resource that complements other reference data and field-verified LULC data. Researchers can use this resource to independently validate other land change products or to conduct regional land change assessments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/pers.82.9.687","usgsCitation":"Sayler, K., Acevedo, W., and Taylor, J., 2016, Status and trends of land change in selected U.S. ecoregions - 2000 to 2011: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 82, no. 9, p. 687-697, https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.82.9.687.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"697","ipdsId":"IP-073747","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.82.9.687","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bae4b092b266f10d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayler, Kristi L. 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Janis 0000-0002-9418-5215 jltaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-5215","contributorId":3869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Janis ","email":"jltaylor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173765,"text":"70173765 - 2016 - Consequences of seasonal variation in reservoir water level for predatory fishes: linking visual foraging and prey densities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T15:53:42","indexId":"70173765","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of seasonal variation in reservoir water level for predatory fishes: linking visual foraging and prey densities","docAbstract":"In reservoirs, seasonal drawdown can alter the physical environment and may influence predatory fish performance. We investigated the performance of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a western reservoir by coupling field measurements with visual foraging and bioenergetic models at four distinct states (early summer, mid-summer, late summer, and fall). The models suggested that lake trout prey, juvenile kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka), are limited seasonally by suitable temperature and dissolved oxygen. Accordingly, prey densities were greatest in late summer when reservoir volume was lowest and fish were concentrated by stratification. Prey encounter rates (up to 68 fish·day−1) and predator consumption are also predicted to be greatest during late summer. However, our models suggested that turbidity negatively correlates with prey detection and consumption across reservoir states. Under the most turbid conditions, lake trout did not meet physiological demands; however, during less turbid periods, predator consumption reached maximum bioenergetic efficiency. Overall, our findings demonstrate that rapid reservoir fluctuations and associated abiotic conditions can influence predator–prey interactions, and our models describe the potential impacts of water level fluctuation on valuable sport fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0008","usgsCitation":"Klobucar, S., and Budy, P., 2016, Consequences of seasonal variation in reservoir water level for predatory fishes: linking visual foraging and prey densities: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 1, p. 53-64, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058204","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a6534e4b07657d1a11d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klobucar, Stephen L.","contributorId":172291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klobucar","given":"Stephen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169911,"text":"70169911 - 2016 - Modeling abundance using hierarchical distance sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-24T11:23:06","indexId":"70169911","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling abundance using hierarchical distance sampling","docAbstract":"In this chapter, we provide an introduction to classical distance sampling ideas for point and line transect data, and for continuous and binned distance data. We introduce the conditional and the full likelihood, and we discuss Bayesian analysis of these models in BUGS using the idea of data augmentation, which we discussed in Chapter 7. We then extend the basic ideas to the problem of hierarchical distance sampling (HDS), where we have multiple point or transect sample units in space (or possibly in time). The benefit of HDS in practice is that it allows us to directly model spatial variation in population size among these sample units. This is a preeminent concern of most field studies that use distance sampling methods, but it is not a problem that has received much attention in the literature. We show how to analyze HDS models in both the unmarked package and in the BUGS language for point and line transects, and for continuous and binned distance data. We provide a case study of HDS applied to a survey of the island scrub-jay on Santa Cruz Island, California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-801378-6.00009-6","collaboration":"Marc Kery, Swiss Ornithological Institute","usgsCitation":"Royle, A., and Kery, M., 2016, Modeling abundance using hierarchical distance sampling, p. 393-461, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801378-6.00009-6.","productDescription":"69 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"461","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066805","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319596,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128013786000084"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571dee2be4b071321fe56409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":168361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[{"id":12551,"text":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160804,"text":"70160804 - 2016 - Addressing potential local adaptation in species distribution models: implications for conservation under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T16:12:31","indexId":"70160804","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Addressing potential local adaptation in species distribution models: implications for conservation under climate change","docAbstract":"Species distribution models (SDMs) have been criticized for involving assumptions that ignore or categorize many ecologically relevant factors such as dispersal ability and biotic interactions. Another potential source of model error is the assumption that species are ecologically uniform in their climatic tolerances across their range. Typically, SDMs to treat a species as a single entity, although populations of many species differ due to local adaptation or other genetic differentiation. Not taking local adaptation into account, may lead to incorrect range prediction and therefore misplaced conservation efforts. A constraint is that we often do not know the degree to which populations are locally adapted, however. Lacking experimental evidence, we still can evaluate niche differentiation within a species' range to promote better conservation decisions. We explore possible conservation implications of making type I or type II errors in this context. For each of two species, we construct three separate MaxEnt models, one considering the species as a single population and two of disjunct populations. PCA analyses and response curves indicate different climate characteristics in the current environments of the populations. Model projections into future climates indicate minimal overlap between areas predicted to be climatically suitable by the whole species versus population-based models. We present a workflow for addressing uncertainty surrounding local adaptation in SDM application and illustrate the value of conducting population-based models to compare with whole-species models. These comparisons might result in more cautious management actions when alternative range outcomes are considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-0926","usgsCitation":"Hallfors, M.H., Liao, J., Dzurisin, J., Grundel, R., Hyvarinen, M., Towle, K., Wu, G.C., and Hellmann, J.J., 2016, Addressing potential local adaptation in species distribution models: implications for conservation under climate change: Ecological Applications, v. 26, no. 4, p. 1154-1169, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0926.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1154","endPage":"1169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064359","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568651b3e4b0e7594ee74c9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hallfors, Maria Helena","contributorId":151004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallfors","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"Helena","affiliations":[{"id":18162,"text":"University of Helsinki","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liao, Jishan","contributorId":151005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liao","given":"Jishan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16905,"text":"University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, Jason D. K.","contributorId":151006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Jason D. K.","affiliations":[{"id":16905,"text":"University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyvarinen, Marko","contributorId":151007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyvarinen","given":"Marko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18162,"text":"University of Helsinki","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Towle, Kevin","contributorId":151008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towle","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16905,"text":"University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wu, Grace C.","contributorId":151009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7102,"text":"University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil & Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hellmann, Jessica J.","contributorId":149219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hellmann","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17677,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70175457,"text":"70175457 - 2016 - Female sea lamprey shift orientation toward a conspecific chemical cue to escape a sensory trap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-12T10:20:47","indexId":"70175457","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Female sea lamprey shift orientation toward a conspecific chemical cue to escape a sensory trap","docAbstract":"The sensory trap model of signal evolution hypothesizes that signalers adapt to exploit a cue used by the receiver in another context. Although exploitation of receiver biases can result in conflict between the sexes, deceptive signaling systems that are mutually beneficial drive the evolution of stable communication systems. However, female responses in the nonsexual and sexual contexts may become uncoupled if costs are associated with exhibiting a similar response to a trait in both contexts. Male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) signal with a mating pheromone, 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS), which may be a match to a juvenile cue used by females during migration. Upstream movement of migratory lampreys is partially guided by 3kPZS, but females only move toward 3kPZS with proximal accuracy during spawning. Here, we use in-stream behavioral assays paired with gonad histology to document the transition of female preference for juvenile- and male-released 3kPZS that coincides with the functional shift of 3kPZS as a migratory cue to a mating pheromone. Females became increasingly biased toward the source of synthesized 3kPZS as their maturation progressed into the reproductive phase, at which point, a preference for juvenile odor (also containing 3kPZS naturally) ceased to exist. Uncoupling of female responses during migration and spawning makes the 3kPZS communication system a reliable means of synchronizing mate search. The present study offers a rare example of a transition in female responses to a chemical cue between nonsexual and sexual contexts, provides insights into the origins of stable communication signaling systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Behavioral Ecology","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arv224","usgsCitation":"Brant, C.O., Johnson, N., Li, K., Buchinger, T.J., and Li, W., 2016, Female sea lamprey shift orientation toward a conspecific chemical cue to escape a sensory trap: Behavioral Ecology, v. 27, no. 3, p. 810-819, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv224.","startPage":"810","endPage":"819","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070842","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57aef33ce4b0fc09faae0372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brant, Cory O.","contributorId":126746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brant","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Ke","contributorId":94959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J.","contributorId":40508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":126748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191820,"text":"70191820 - 2016 - Water-quality effects on phytoplankton species and density and trophic state indices at Big Base and Little Base Lakes, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, June through August, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T14:30:19","indexId":"70191820","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2531,"text":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality effects on phytoplankton species and density and trophic state indices at Big Base and Little Base Lakes, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, June through August, 2015","docAbstract":"Big Base and Little Base Lakes are located on\r\nLittle Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, and their close\r\nproximity to a dense residential population and an\r\nactive military/aircraft installation make the lakes\r\nvulnerable to water-quality degradation. The U.S.\r\nGeological Survey (USGS) conducted a study from\r\nJune through August 2015 to investigate the effects of\r\nwater quality on phytoplankton species and density and\r\ntrophic state in Big Base and Little Base Lakes, with\r\nparticular regard to nutrient concentrations. Nutrient\r\nconcentrations, trophic-state indices, and the large part\r\nof the phytoplankton biovolume composed of\r\ncyanobacteria, indicate eutrophic conditions were\r\nprevalent for Big Base and Little Base Lakes,\r\nparticularly in August 2015. Cyanobacteria densities\r\nand biovolumes measured in this study likely pose a\r\nlow to moderate risk of adverse algal toxicity, and the\r\nhigh proportion of filamentous cyanobacteria in the\r\nlakes, in relation to other algal groups, is important\r\nfrom a fisheries standpoint because these algae are a\r\npoor food source for many aquatic taxa. In both lakes,\r\ntotal nitrogen to total phosphorus (N:P) ratios declined\r\nover the sampling period as total phosphorus\r\nconcentrations increased relative to nitrogen\r\nconcentrations. The N:P ratios in the August samples\r\n(20:1 and 15:1 in Big Base and Little Base Lakes,\r\nrespectively) and other indications of eutrophic\r\nconditions are of concern and suggest that exposure of\r\nthe two lakes to additional nutrients could cause\r\nunfavorable dissolved-oxygen conditions and increase\r\nthe risk of cyanobacteria blooms and associated\r\ncyanotoxin issues.","language":"English","publisher":"Arkansas Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Driver, L., and Justus, B., 2016, Water-quality effects on phytoplankton species and density and trophic state indices at Big Base and Little Base Lakes, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, June through August, 2015: Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, v. 70, no. 1, p. 88-95.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-074006","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346820,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol70/iss1/16"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Big Base Lake, Little Base Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.17520713806152,\n 34.888395122782164\n ],\n [\n -92.1556806564331,\n 34.888395122782164\n ],\n [\n -92.1556806564331,\n 34.904375309375645\n ],\n [\n -92.17520713806152,\n 34.904375309375645\n ],\n [\n -92.17520713806152,\n 34.888395122782164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a8e4b0220bbd9d9f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driver, Lucas ldriver@usgs.gov","contributorId":197344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"Lucas","email":"ldriver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":713230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Justus, Billy bjustus@usgs.gov","contributorId":152446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justus","given":"Billy","email":"bjustus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168829,"text":"70168829 - 2016 - Water-quality response to a high-elevation wildfire in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T13:20:37.020538","indexId":"70168829","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-29T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality response to a high-elevation wildfire in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Water quality of the Big Thompson River in the Front Range of Colorado was studied for 2 years following a high‐elevation wildfire that started in October 2012 and burned 15% of the watershed. A combination of fixed‐interval sampling and continuous water‐quality monitors was used to examine the timing and magnitude of water‐quality changes caused by the wildfire. Prefire water quality was well characterized because the site has been monitored at least monthly since the early 2000s. Major ions and nitrate showed the largest changes in concentrations; major ion increases were greatest in the first postfire snowmelt period, but nitrate increases were greatest in the second snowmelt period. The delay in nitrate release until the second snowmelt season likely reflected a combination of factors including fire timing, hydrologic regime, and rates of nitrogen transformations. Despite the small size of the fire, annual yields of dissolved constituents from the watershed increased 20–52% in the first 2 years following the fire. Turbidity data from the continuous sensor indicated high‐intensity summer rain storms had a much greater effect on sediment transport compared to snowmelt. High‐frequency sensor data also revealed that weekly sampling missed the concentration peak during snowmelt and short‐duration spikes during rain events, underscoring the challenge of characterizing postfire water‐quality response with fixed‐interval sampling.
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Hurricane Sandy made landfall during an investigation in Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor estuary that included water quality monitoring, geomorphologic characterization, and numerical modeling; this provided an opportunity to characterize the storm response of the barrier island-estuary system. Barrier island morphologic response was characterized by significant changes in shoreline position, dune elevation, and beach volume; morphologic changes within the estuary were less dramatic with a net gain of only 200,000 m3 of sediment. When observed, estuarine deposition was adjacent to the back-barrier shoreline or collocated with maximum estuary depths. Estuarine sedimentologic changes correlated well with bed shear stresses derived from numerically simulated storm conditions, suggesting that change is linked to winnowing from elevated storm-related wave-current interactions rather than deposition. 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hydrologic evidence","docAbstract":"Explosives used in construction have been implicated as sources of NO3– contamination in groundwater, but direct forensic evidence is limited. Identification of blasting-related NO3– can be complicated by other NO3– sources, including agriculture and wastewater disposal, and by hydrogeologic factors affecting NO3– transport and stability. Here we describe a study that used hydrogeology, chemistry, stable isotopes, and mass balance calculations to evaluate groundwater NO3– sources and transport in areas surrounding a highway construction site with documented blasting in New Hampshire. Results indicate various groundwater responses to contamination: (1) rapid breakthrough and flushing of synthetic NO3– (low δ15N, high δ18O) from dissolution of unexploded NH4NO3 blasting agents in oxic groundwater; (2) delayed and reduced breakthrough of synthetic NO3– subjected to partial denitrification (high δ15N, high δ18O); (3) relatively persistent concentrations of blasting-related biogenic NO3– derived from nitrification of NH4+ (low δ15N, low δ18O); and (4) stable but spatially variable biogenic NO3– concentrations, consistent with recharge from septic systems (high δ15N, low δ18O), variably affected by denitrification. Source characteristics of denitrified samples were reconstructed from dissolved-gas data (Ar, N2) and isotopic fractionation trends associated with denitrification (Δδ15N/Δδ18O ≈ 1.31). Methods and data from this study are expected to be applicable in studies of other aquifers affected by explosives used in construction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b03671","usgsCitation":"Degnan, J.R., Bohlke, J.K., Pelham, K., Langlais, D.M., and Walsh, G.J., 2016, Identification of groundwater nitrate contamination from explosives used in road construction: Isotopic, chemical, and hydrologic evidence: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 593-603, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03671.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"603","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067263","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e4912e4b0e7a44bc419dd","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b03671","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03671","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Degnan James R., Böhlke J. 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The approach was applied at three sites spanning gradients in watershed size and land use in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Results indicate that 58-73% of the annual nitrate load to the streams was groundwater-discharged nitrate. Average annual first order nitrate loss rate constants (k) were similar to those reported in both modelling and in-stream process-based studies, and were greater at the small streams (0.06 and 0.22 d-1) than at the large river (0.05 d-1), but 11% of the annual loads were retained/lost in the small streams, compared with 23% in the large river. Larger streambed area to water volume ratios in small streams result in greater loss rates, but shorter residence times in small streams result in a smaller fraction of nitrate loads being removed than in larger streams. A seasonal evaluation of k values suggests that nitrate was retained/lost at varying rates during the growing season. Consistent with previous studies, streamflow and nitrate concentration were inversely related to k. This new approach for interpreting high-frequency nitrate data and the associated findings furthers our ability to understand, predict, and mitigate nitrate impacts on streams and receiving waters by providing insights into temporal nitrate dynamics that would be difficult to obtain using traditional field-based studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017753","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Tesoriero, A., Capel, P.D., Pellerin, B.A., Hyer, K., and Burns, D.A., 2016, Quantifying watershed-scale groundwater loading and in-stream fate of nitrate using high-frequency water quality data: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 1, p. 330-347, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017753.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"347","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062753","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017753","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n 42.334184385939416\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 41.87774145109676\n ],\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -75.201416015625,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 40.22082997283284\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 39.46164364205549\n ],\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 37.883524980871336\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -75.73974609375,\n 36.659606226479696\n ],\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -79.12353515625,\n 36.721273880045004\n ],\n [\n -79.661865234375,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -80.782470703125,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -81.375732421875,\n 37.883524980871336\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -79.46411132812499,\n 39.51251701659638\n ],\n [\n -79.024658203125,\n 40.22082997283284\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 42.83569550641454\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -75.904541015625,\n 43.34914966389313\n ],\n [\n -75.443115234375,\n 43.46089378008257\n ],\n [\n -74.432373046875,\n 43.42898792344157\n ],\n [\n -74.11376953125,\n 43.28520334369384\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e04fe4b039675d005e57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyer, Kenneth E. kenhyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":152108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"Kenneth E.","email":"kenhyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155254,"text":"70155254 - 2016 - The East African monsoon system: Seasonal climatologies and recent variations: Chapter 10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T15:14:20","indexId":"70155254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The East African monsoon system: Seasonal climatologies and recent variations: Chapter 10","docAbstract":"This chapter briefly reviews the complex climatological cycle of the East African monsoon system, paying special attention to its connection to the larger Indo-Pacific-Asian monsoon cycle. We examine the seasonal monsoon cycle, and briefly explore recent circulation changes. The spatial footprint of our analysis corresponds with the “Greater Horn of Africa” (GHA) region, extending from Tanzania in the south to Yemen and Sudan in the north. During boreal winter, when northeast trade winds flow across the northwest Indian Ocean and the equatorial moisture transports over the Indian Ocean exhibit strong westerly mean flows over the equatorial Indian Ocean, East African precipitation is limited to a few highland areas. As the Indian monsoon circulation transitions during boreal spring, the trade winds over the northwest Indian Ocean reverse, and East African moisture convergence supports the “long” rains. In boreal summer, the southwesterly Somali Jet intensifies over eastern Africa. Subsidence forms along the westward flank of this jet, shutting down precipitation over eastern portions of East Africa. In boreal fall, the Jet subsides, but easterly moisture transports support rainfall in limited regions of the eastern Horn of Africa. We use regressions with the trend mode of global sea surface temperatures to explore potential changes in the seasonal monsoon circulations. Significant reductions in total precipitable water are indicated in Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen, with moisture transports broadly responding in ways that reinforce the climatological moisture transports over the Indian Ocean. Over Kenya, southern Ethiopia and Somalia, regressions with velocity potential indicate increased convergence aloft. Near the surface, this convergence appears to manifest as a surface high pressure system that modifies moisture transports in these countries as well as Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi. An analysis of rainfall changes indicates significant declines in parts of Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, and Yemen.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Monsoons and Climate Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Cham","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-21650-8_8","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Hoell, A., Shukla, S., Husak, G.J., and Michaelsen, J., 2016, The East African monsoon system: Seasonal climatologies and recent variations: Chapter 10, chap. of The Monsoons and Climate Change, p. 163-185, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21650-8_8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"185","ipdsId":"IP-062072","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d440e4b0f2e20545e415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Husak, Gregory J.","contributorId":34435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michaelsen, J.","contributorId":12288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173768,"text":"70173768 - 2016 - Fish assemblage shifts in the Powder River of Wyoming: an unregulated prairie river system previously considered to be relatively pristine.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T14:22:50","indexId":"70173768","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-23T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblage shifts in the Powder River of Wyoming: an unregulated prairie river system previously considered to be relatively pristine.","docAbstract":"Wyoming’s Powder River is considered an example of a pristine prairie river system. While the river hosts a largely native fish assemblage and remains unimpounded over its 1,146-km course to the Yellowstone River confluence, the hydrologic regime has been altered through water diversion for agriculture and natural gas extraction and there has been limited study of fish assemblage structure. We analyzed fish data collected from the mainstem Powder River in Wyoming between 1896 and 2008. Shifts in presence/absence and relative abundance of fish species, as well as fish assemblage composition, were assessed among historical and recent samples. The recent Powder River fish assemblage was characterized by increased relative abundances of sand shiner Notropis stramineus and plains killifish Fundulus zebrinus, and decreases in sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida. Shifts in fish species relative abundance are linked to their reproductive ecology with species with adhesive eggs generally increasing in relative abundance while those with buoyant drifting eggs are decreasing. Assemblage shifts could be the result of landscape level changes, such as the loss of extreme high and low flow events and changing land use practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/ES14-00361.1","usgsCitation":"Senecal, A.C., Walters, A.W., and Hubert, W.A., 2016, Fish assemblage shifts in the Powder River of Wyoming: an unregulated prairie river system previously considered to be relatively pristine.: Ecosphere, v. 6, no. 12, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00361.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055924","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es14-00361.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.47973632812499,\n 46.7774927637683\n ],\n [\n -108.30322265624999,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -106.578369140625,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -104.293212890625,\n 46.29381556233369\n ],\n [\n -105.47973632812499,\n 46.7774927637683\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9332e4b04f417c27514c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senecal, Anna C.","contributorId":171649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senecal","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160610,"text":"70160610 - 2016 - In-flight turbulence benefits soaring birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:29:16","indexId":"70160610","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-23T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-flight turbulence benefits soaring birds","docAbstract":"Birds use atmospheric updrafts to subsidize soaring flight. We observed highly variable soaring flight by Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) and Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) in Virginia, USA, that was inconsistent with published descriptions of terrestrial avian flight. Birds engaging in this behavior regularly deviated vertically and horizontally from linear flight paths. We observed the soaring flight behavior of these 2 species to understand why they soar in this manner and when this behavior occurs. Vultures used this type of soaring mainly at low altitudes (<50 m), along forest edges, and when conditions were poor for thermal development. Because of the tortuous nature of this flight, we describe it as “contorted soaring.” The primary air movement suitable to subsidize flight at this altitude and under these atmospheric conditions is small-scale, shear-induced turbulence, which our results suggest can be an important resource for soaring birds because it permits continuous subsidized flight when other types of updraft are not available.
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Their trophically transmitted parasites are expected to reflect these differences. Here, we investigate how the infections of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum and D. ditremum differ between charr and trout. These tapeworms use copepods as their first intermediate hosts and fish can become infected as second intermediate hosts by consuming either infected copepods or infected fish. We examined 767 charr and 368 trout for Diphyllobothrium plerocercoids in a subarctic lake. The prevalence of D. ditremum was higher in charr (61.5%) than in trout, (39.5%), but the prevalence of D. dendriticum was higher in trout (31.2%) than in charr (19.3%). Diphyllobothrium spp. intensities were elevated in trout compared to charr, particularly for D. dendriticum. Large fish with massive parasite burdens were responsible for the high Diphyllobothrium spp. loads in trout. We hypothesize that fish prey may be the most important source for the Diphyllobothrium spp. infections in trout, whereas charr predominantly acquire Diphyllobothrium spp. by feeding on copepods. Our findings support previous suggestions that the ability to establish in a second piscine host is greater for D. dendriticum than for D. ditremum.
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