The overarching goal of this project is to build a spatially distributed infrastructure for information science research by forming a team of information science researchers and providing them with similar hardware and software tools to perform collaborative research. Four geographically distributed Centers of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are developing their own clusters of low-cost personal computers into parallel computing environments that provide a costeffective way for the USGS to increase participation in the high-performance computing community. Referred to as Beowulf clusters, these hybrid systems provide the robust computing power required for conducting research into various areas, such as advanced computer architecture, algorithms to meet the processing needs for real-time image and data processing, the creation of custom datasets from seamless source data, rapid turn-around of products for emergency response, and support for computationally intense spatial and temporal modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01244","usgsCitation":"Crane, M., Steinwand, D., Beckmann, T., Krpan, G., Haga, J., Maddox, B., and Feller, M., 2001, A parallel-processing approach to computing for the geographic sciences: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-244, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01244.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0244/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0244/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab89e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crane, Michael","contributorId":92307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinwand, Dan","contributorId":31438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beckmann, Tim 0000-0002-2557-0638","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-0638","contributorId":87995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckmann","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krpan, Greg","contributorId":88400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krpan","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haga, Jim","contributorId":31439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haga","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maddox, Brian","contributorId":54637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddox","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Feller, Mark","contributorId":79931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feller","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":31210,"text":"ofr0131 - 2001 - Geologic map and digital database of the Conejo Well 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T19:59:42.780941","indexId":"ofr0131","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-31","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the Conejo Well 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California","docAbstract":"This data set maps and describes the geology of the Conejo Well 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California. The quadrangle, situated in Joshua Tree National Park in the eastern Transverse Ranges physiographic and structural province, encompasses part of the northern Eagle Mountains and part of the south flank of Pinto Basin. It is underlain by a basement terrane comprising Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, Mesozoic plutonic rocks, and Mesozoic and Mesozoic or Cenozoic hypabyssal dikes. The basement terrane is capped by a widespread Tertiary erosion surface preserved in remnants in the Eagle Mountains and buried beneath Cenozoic deposits in Pinto Basin. Locally, Miocene basalt overlies the erosion surface. A sequence of at least three Quaternary pediments is planed into the north piedmont of the Eagle Mountains, each in turn overlain by successively younger residual and alluvial deposits. \r\nThe Tertiary erosion surface is deformed and broken by north-northwest-trending, high-angle, dip-slip faults in the Eagle Mountains and an east-west trending system of high-angle dip- and left-slip faults. In and adjacent to the Conejo Well quadrangle, faults of the northwest-trending set displace Miocene sedimentary rocks and basalt deposited on the Tertiary erosion surface and Pliocene and (or) Pleistocene deposits that accumulated on the oldest pediment. Faults of this system appear to be overlain by Pleistocene deposits that accumulated on younger pediments. East-west trending faults are younger than and perhaps in part coeval with faults of the northwest-trending set. \r\n\r\nThe Conejo Well database was created using ARCVIEW and ARC/INFO, which are geographical information system (GIS) software products of Envronmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). The database consists of the following items: (1) a map coverage showing faults and geologic contacts and units, (2) a separate coverage showing dikes, (3) a coverage showing structural data, (4) a point coverage containing line ornamentation, and (5) a scanned topographic base at a scale of 1:24,000. The coverages include attribute tables for geologic units (polygons and regions), contacts (arcs), and site-specific data (points). The database, accompanied by a pamphlet file and this metadata file, also includes the following graphic and text products: (1) A portable document file (.pdf) containing a navigable graphic of the geologic map on a 1:24,000 topographic base. The map is accompanied by a marginal explanation consisting of a Description of Map and Database Units (DMU), a Correlation of Map and Database Units (CMU), and a key to point-and line-symbols. (2) Separate .pdf files of the DMU and CMU, individually. (3) A PostScript graphic-file containing the geologic map on a 1:24,000 topographic base accompanied by the marginal explanation. (4) A pamphlet that describes the database and how to access it. Within the database, geologic contacts , faults, and dikes are represented as lines (arcs), geologic units as polygons and regions, and site-specific data as points. Polygon, arc, and point attribute tables (.pat, .aat, and .pat, respectively) uniquely identify each geologic datum and link it to other tables (.rel) that provide more detailed geologic information.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0131","usgsCitation":"Powell, R.E., 2001, Geologic map and digital database of the Conejo Well 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-31, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0131.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34881.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2744,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Conejo Well, 7.5 minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.75,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -115.625,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -115.625,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 33.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Robert E. 0000-0001-7682-1655 rpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-1655","contributorId":4210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Robert","email":"rpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70125433,"text":"70125433 - 2001 - Field observations of swash zone flow patterns and 3D morphodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T16:52:57","indexId":"70125433","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-16T15:49:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field observations of swash zone flow patterns and 3D morphodynamics","docAbstract":"Rapid video measurements of foreshore morphology and velocity were collected at Duck, NC in 1997 to investigate sediment transport processes in the swash zone. Estimates of foreshore evolution over a roughly 30 m cross-shore by 80 m alongshore study area were determined using a stereogrammetric technique. During the passage of a small storm (offshore wave heights increased from 1.4 to 2.5 m), the foreshore eroded nearly 40 cm in less than 4 hours. Dense, horizontal surface velocities were measured over a sub-region (roughly 30 m by 40 m) of the study area using a new particle image velocimetry technique. This technique was able to quantify velocities across the bore front approaching 5 m s–1 as well as the rapid velocities in the very shallow backwash flows. The velocity and foreshore topography measurements were used to test a three-dimensional energetics-based sediment transport model. Even though these data represent the most extensive and highly resolved swash measurements to date, the results showed that while the model could predict some of the qualitative trends in the observed foreshore change, it was a poor predictor of the observed magnitudes of foreshore change. Model — data comparisons differed by roughly an order of magnitude with observed foreshore changes on the order of 10's of centimeters and model predictions on the order of meters. This poor comparison suggests that future models of swash-zone sediment transport may require the inclusion of other physical processes such as bore turbulence, fluid accelerations and skewness, infiltration/exfiltration, water depth variations, and variable friction factors (to name a few).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Engineering 2000","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40549(276)50","usgsCitation":"Puelo, J.A., Holland, K.T., Kooney, T.N., and Sallenger, 2001, Field observations of swash zone flow patterns and 3D morphodynamics, in Coastal Engineering 2000, v. 1, p. 637-650, https://doi.org/10.1061/40549(276)50.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"650","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294003,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40549(276)50"},{"id":294004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Duck","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.776116,36.150973 ], [ -75.776116,36.231587 ], [ -75.736833,36.231587 ], [ -75.736833,36.150973 ], [ -75.776116,36.150973 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195134e4b091c7ffc8e6a2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edge, Billy L.","contributorId":64575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edge","given":"Billy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509997,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Puelo, Jack A.","contributorId":91418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puelo","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holland, K. Todd","contributorId":68748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kooney, Timothy N.","contributorId":105241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kooney","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sallenger, Jr.","contributorId":105768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123813,"text":"70123813 - 2001 - Coastal storms and shoreline change: signal or noise?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T11:51:57","indexId":"70123813","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-09T11:48:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal storms and shoreline change: signal or noise?","docAbstract":"A linear regression (studentized) residual analysis was used to identify potential shoreline position outliers and to investigate the effect of the outliers on shoreline rate-of-change values for transects along the Outer Banks, North Carolina. Results from this analysis showed that, over a 134 year period, storm-influenced data contribute statistically significant information to the long-term signal. Consequently, storm-influenced data points do not appear to be temporal outliers and thus, do not need to be excluded from a long-term analysis of shoreline changes. Furthermore, projections of the upper and lower confidence intervals (CIs) for the regression line to the year 2010 (24 year extrapolation) showed that including or excluding outliers had minimal effects on shoreline position predictions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Fenster, M.S., Dolan, R., and Morton, R., 2001, Coastal storms and shoreline change: signal or noise?: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 17, no. 3, p. 714-720.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"714","endPage":"720","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293521,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300222"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Outer Banks","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.531626,35.292798 ], [ -75.531626,35.77543 ], [ -75.459951,35.77543 ], [ -75.459951,35.292798 ], [ -75.531626,35.292798 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410144de4b07ab1cd9808d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenster, Michael S.","contributorId":62937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenster","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolan, Robert","contributorId":16405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123545,"text":"70123545 - 2001 - Fish species and community distributions as proxies for sea-floor habitat distributions: the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary example (northwest Atlantic, Gulf Of Maine)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-22T08:33:21","indexId":"70123545","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-05T11:46:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish species and community distributions as proxies for sea-floor habitat distributions: the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary example (northwest Atlantic, Gulf Of Maine)","docAbstract":"Defining the habitats of fishes and associated fauna on outer continental shelves is problematic given the paucity of data on the actual types and distributions of seafloor habitats. However many regions have good data on the distributions of fishes from resource surveys or catch statistics because of the economic importance of the fisheries. Fish distribution data (species or communities) have been used as a proxy for the distribution of habitats to develop precautionary conservation strategies for habitat protection (e.g., marine protected areas, fishing gear restrictions). In this study we assessed the relationships between the distributions of fish communities and species derived from trawl survey data with the spatial distribution of sediment types determined by sampling and acoustic reflectance derived from multibeam sonar surveys in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Fish communities were correlated with reflectance values but all communities did not occur in unique sediment types. This suggests that use of community distributions as proxies for habitats should include the caveat that a greater number of communities within an area could indicate a greater range of habitat types. Single species distributions showed relationships between abundance and reflectance values. Trawl catches with low abundances had wide variations in reflectance values while those with high abundances had narrower ranges indicating habitat affinities. Significant non-random frequency-dependent relationships were observed for 17 of 20 species although only 12 of 20 species had significant relationships based on rank correlation. These results suggest that species distributions based on trawl survey data can be used as proxies for the distribution of seafloor habitats. Species with known habitat associations can be used to infer habitat requirements of co-occurring species and can be used to identify a range of habitat types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1011022320818","usgsCitation":"Auster, P.J., Joy, K., and Valentine, P.C., 2001, Fish species and community distributions as proxies for sea-floor habitat distributions: the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary example (northwest Atlantic, Gulf Of Maine): Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 60, no. 4, p. 331-346, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011022320818.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"346","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293455,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011022320818"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.2507117803,42.2488192197 ], [ -70.2507117803,42.2515171803 ], [ -70.2480138197,42.2515171803 ], [ -70.2480138197,42.2488192197 ], [ -70.2507117803,42.2488192197 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540ace46e4b023c1f29d58d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auster, Peter J.","contributorId":53306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auster","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joy, Kevin","contributorId":96604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joy","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28710,"text":"wri20004223 - 2001 - The response of the Iao aquifer to ground-water development, rainfall, and land-use practices between 1940 and 1998, Island of Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T21:47:06.477996","indexId":"wri20004223","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4223","title":"The response of the Iao aquifer to ground-water development, rainfall, and land-use practices between 1940 and 1998, Island of Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Ground water pumped from the Iao aquifer has been used for agricultural purposes since 1948, and domestic purposes since 1955. In 1990, the Hawaii State Commission on Water Resource Management established a value of 20 million gallons per day for the sustainable yield of the aquifer. Water-level data from observation wells throughout the aquifer and information on the depth to and thickness of the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater at the Waiehu deep monitor well indicate that pumping rates near the sustainable yield value of 20 million gallons per day could result in saltwater intrusion in some pumped wells.
Since the introduction of pumpage in 1948 and the reduction of recharge in 1980, water levels have declined, chloride concentrations of the pumped water have increased, and the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater has risen. Water levels declined by about 18 feet between 1940 and 1998 in the area near Iao Stream, and by as much as 6 feet between 1977 and 1997 in the vicinity of the major well fields near Waiehu Stream. Chloride concentrations of pumped water have risen at all the well fields, but are presently below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended standard of 250 milligrams per liter. The chloride concentration of water pumped from Mokuhau 2, however, was 460 milligrams per liter in late 1996 when pumping was halted at this well. The midpoint of the transition zone, as measured at the Waiehu deep monitor well, rose by about 108 feet between 1985 and 1998.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004223","usgsCitation":"Meyer, W., and Presley, T.K., 2001, The response of the Iao aquifer to ground-water development, rainfall, and land-use practices between 1940 and 1998, Island of Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4223, v, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004223.","productDescription":"v, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4223.jpg"},{"id":410322,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34828.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.5280361245995,\n 20.92656622577003\n ],\n [\n -156.5280361245995,\n 20.83218229518738\n ],\n [\n -156.48751167217299,\n 20.83218229518738\n ],\n [\n -156.48751167217299,\n 20.92656622577003\n ],\n [\n -156.5280361245995,\n 20.92656622577003\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, William","contributorId":87538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Presley, Todd K. 0000-0001-5851-0634 tkpresle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5851-0634","contributorId":2671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"Todd","email":"tkpresle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31284,"text":"ofr01165 - 2001 - Archive of Boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS Cruise 99ASR01, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 29 June - 30 June, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T21:07:41.321965","indexId":"ofr01165","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-165","title":"Archive of Boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS Cruise 99ASR01, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 29 June - 30 June, 1999","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01165","usgsCitation":"Brewer, G.M., Dadisman, S.V., Kindinger, J.L., Wiese, D.S., and Flocks, J.G., 2001, Archive of Boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS Cruise 99ASR01, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 29 June - 30 June, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-165, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01165.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391767,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_40314.htm"},{"id":161377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2924,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8360,\n 27.119\n ],\n [\n -80.722,\n 27.119\n ],\n [\n -80.722,\n 27.2\n ],\n [\n -80.8360,\n 27.2\n ],\n [\n -80.8360,\n 27.119\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, Gina M.","contributorId":56269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Gina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31291,"text":"ofr01179 - 2001 - Continental shelf GIS for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-01T10:13:19","indexId":"ofr01179","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-179","title":"Continental shelf GIS for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary","docAbstract":"A marine sanctuary is an environment where the interests of science and society meet. Sanctuary managers need access to the best scientific data available that describe the environment and environmental processes in sanctuaries. Seafloor mapping and sampling in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary have revealed new details about the geology, morphology, and active geologic processes of this region. Data from sidescan sonar, multibeam sonar bathymetry, physical samples, and instrument moorings, are consolidated with new and existing maps in a geographic information system (GIS). The GIS provides researchers and policymakers a view of the relationship among data sets to assist science studies and to help with economic and social policy-making decisions regarding this protected environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01179","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., and Eittreim, S.L., 2001, Continental shelf GIS for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-179, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01179.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01179.GIF"},{"id":2929,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285176,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0179/intro.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.327,35.4607 ], [ -123.327,37.9962 ], [ -120.91,37.9962 ], [ -120.91,35.4607 ], [ -123.327,35.4607 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db6919c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eittreim, Stephen L.","contributorId":8452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31246,"text":"ofr0195 - 2001 - Archive of sidescan-sonar data and DGPS navigation data, collected during USGS cruise SEAX 96004, New York Bight, 1 May-9 June, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-24T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr0195","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-95","title":"Archive of sidescan-sonar data and DGPS navigation data, collected during USGS cruise SEAX 96004, New York Bight, 1 May-9 June, 1996","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0195","usgsCitation":"Hill, J.C., Schwab, W.C., and Danforth, W.W., 2001, Archive of sidescan-sonar data and DGPS navigation data, collected during USGS cruise SEAX 96004, New York Bight, 1 May-9 June, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-95, 12 discs; metadata available at http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/01-95/metadata.faq.html, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0195.","productDescription":"12 discs; metadata available at http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/01-95/metadata.faq.html","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259830,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/publications/of01-95/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.83388888888888,40.35 ], [ -73.83388888888888,40.66694444444444 ], [ -73.01777777777778,40.66694444444444 ], [ -73.01777777777778,40.35 ], [ -73.83388888888888,40.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674fdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, J. C.","contributorId":100878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31218,"text":"ofr0147 - 2001 - Archive boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise FERL 98009, New York Bight, Raritan Bay, Long Island, 26 May-2 June, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"ofr0147","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-47","title":"Archive boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise FERL 98009, New York Bight, Raritan Bay, Long Island, 26 May-2 June, 1998","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0147","usgsCitation":"Hill, J.C., Thieler, E., Nichols, D., and Williams, G., 2001, Archive boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise FERL 98009, New York Bight, Raritan Bay, Long Island, 26 May-2 June, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-47, Two discs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0147.","productDescription":"Two discs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, J. C.","contributorId":100878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, D.R.","contributorId":42979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, G.F.","contributorId":74034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30897,"text":"wri014014 - 2001 - Analysis of borehole-radar reflection logs from selected HC boreholes at the Project Shoal area, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T11:28:55","indexId":"wri014014","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4014","title":"Analysis of borehole-radar reflection logs from selected HC boreholes at the Project Shoal area, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Single-hole borehole-radar reflection logs were collected and interpreted in support of a study to characterize ground-water flow and transport at the Project Shoal Area (PSA) in Churchill County, Nevada. Radar logging was conducted in six boreholes using 60-MHz omni-directional electric-dipole antennas and a 60-MHz magnetic-dipole directional receiving antenna.Radar data from five boreholes were interpreted to identify the location, orientation, estimated length, and spatial continuity of planar reflectors present in the logs. The overall quality of the radar data is marginal and ranges from very poor to good. Twenty-seven reflectors were interpreted from the directional radar reflection logs. Although the range of orientation interpreted for the reflectors is large, a significant number of reflectors strike northeast-southwest and east-west to slightly northwest-southeast. Reflectors are moderate to steeply dipping and reflector length ranged from less than 7 m to more than 133 m.Qualitative scores were assigned to each reflector to provide a sense of the spatial continuity of the reflector and the characteristics of the field data relative to an ideal planar reflector (orientation score). The overall orientation scores are low, which reflects the general data quality, but also indicates that the properties of most reflectors depart from the ideal planar case. The low scores are consistent with reflections from fracture zones that contain numerous, closely spaced, sub-parallel fractures.Interpretation of borehole-radar direct-wave velocity and amplitude logs identified several characteristics of the logged boreholes: (1) low-velocity zones correlate with decreased direct-wave amplitude, indicating the presence of fracture zones; (2) direct-wave amplitude increases with depth in three of the boreholes, suggesting an increase in electrical resistivity with depth resulting from changes in mineral assemblage or from a decrease in the specific conductance of ground water; and (3) an increase in primary or secondary porosity and an associated change in mineral assemblage, or decrease in ground water specific conductance, was characterized in two of the boreholes below 300 m.The results of the radar reflection logging indicate that even where data quality is marginal, borehole-radar reflection logging can provide useful information for ground-water characterization studies in fractured rock and insights into the nature and extent of fractures and fracture zones in and near boreholes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014014","usgsCitation":"Lane, J., Joesten, P., Pohll, G., and Mihevic, T., 2001, Analysis of borehole-radar reflection logs from selected HC boreholes at the Project Shoal area, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4014, iv, 23 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014014.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2835,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/wri014014/wri014014.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Churchill County","otherGeospatial":"Project Shoal","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-117.5394,40.003],[-117.54,39.9994],[-117.5352,39.9944],[-117.5297,39.9894],[-117.5244,39.9858],[-117.5183,39.9777],[-117.5195,39.9745],[-117.5177,39.9704],[-117.5135,39.9709],[-117.5099,39.9704],[-117.5087,39.9663],[-117.5069,39.9613],[-117.5045,39.9582],[-117.5045,39.955],[-117.5015,39.9518],[-117.4973,39.9491],[-117.4925,39.9482],[-117.4877,39.9468],[-117.4847,39.9441],[-117.4824,39.9432],[-117.4781,39.9391],[-117.477,39.935],[-117.4757,39.9314],[-117.4709,39.9255],[-117.4686,39.921],[-117.4698,39.9174],[-117.4686,39.9133],[-117.4662,39.9115],[-117.468,39.9078],[-117.4674,39.9056],[-117.4656,39.9028],[-117.4626,39.9006],[-117.4632,39.8983],[-117.4644,39.8942],[-117.4638,39.8902],[-117.462,39.8883],[-117.4602,39.882],[-117.462,39.872],[-117.4608,39.8693],[-117.4656,39.8657],[-117.4662,39.8634],[-117.4644,39.8616],[-117.465,39.8571],[-117.4674,39.8557],[-117.4704,39.8534],[-117.4704,39.8507],[-117.468,39.8493],[-117.471,39.8444],[-117.4722,39.8407],[-117.4716,39.8376],[-117.4734,39.8371],[-117.4794,39.8349],[-117.4818,39.8339],[-117.4836,39.8289],[-117.4872,39.8262],[-117.486,39.8203],[-117.486,39.8117],[-117.4896,39.8031],[-117.4872,39.8008],[-117.486,39.7981],[-117.4878,39.79],[-117.4866,39.7863],[-117.4884,39.7823],[-117.4943,39.7755],[-117.4956,39.7705],[-117.4956,39.7668],[-117.4961,39.7619],[-117.495,39.7587],[-117.4938,39.7551],[-117.495,39.7492],[-117.4926,39.7469],[-117.4872,39.7464],[-117.4848,39.7428],[-117.4794,39.7428],[-117.4782,39.7424],[-117.4752,39.7365],[-117.4788,39.7292],[-117.4806,39.7238],[-117.4836,39.7215],[-117.4866,39.7161],[-117.4848,39.7124],[-117.4848,39.7079],[-117.486,39.7043],[-117.4788,39.6911],[-117.4723,39.6884],[-117.4645,39.6789],[-117.4681,39.6744],[-117.4711,39.6712],[-117.4723,39.6639],[-117.4746,39.6599],[-117.4788,39.6562],[-117.4782,39.6521],[-117.4824,39.649],[-117.4848,39.6472],[-117.4842,39.644],[-117.4741,39.6358],[-117.4681,39.6349],[-117.4645,39.6345],[-117.4621,39.6259],[-117.4705,39.6145],[-117.4806,39.6005],[-117.4777,39.5978],[-117.4789,39.5941],[-117.4771,39.5896],[-117.4759,39.5837],[-117.4765,39.5783],[-117.48,39.5728],[-117.4801,39.5674],[-117.4783,39.561],[-117.4783,39.5579],[-117.4818,39.5529],[-117.4848,39.5497],[-117.4842,39.5474],[-117.4866,39.5452],[-117.492,39.5424],[-117.4926,39.5384],[-117.4944,39.5348],[-117.4992,39.532],[-117.5093,39.5302],[-117.5164,39.537],[-117.5188,39.5375],[-117.5236,39.5334],[-117.5302,39.5311],[-117.5343,39.5284],[-117.5433,39.5261],[-117.5504,39.5261],[-117.5546,39.5261],[-117.5594,39.5261],[-117.5624,39.5238],[-117.5659,39.5198],[-117.5749,39.5184],[-117.5802,39.5202],[-117.5886,39.5198],[-117.5904,39.517],[-117.5886,39.5139],[-117.5892,39.5084],[-117.5868,39.5052],[-117.5921,39.4998],[-117.5987,39.4948],[-117.6011,39.4916],[-117.6023,39.4894],[-117.6094,39.4898],[-117.6142,39.488],[-117.6148,39.4826],[-117.6213,39.4762],[-117.6261,39.4753],[-117.6291,39.4757],[-117.6356,39.473],[-117.6475,39.4671],[-117.6517,39.4676],[-117.6547,39.4667],[-117.6576,39.4621],[-117.6576,39.459],[-117.6517,39.458],[-117.6457,39.4571],[-117.6404,39.4549],[-117.6362,39.4522],[-117.6386,39.449],[-117.6379,39.4399],[-117.6433,39.4345],[-117.6415,39.4304],[-117.6439,39.4263],[-117.6528,39.425],[-117.6611,39.4245],[-117.6713,39.4231],[-117.6754,39.4195],[-117.6748,39.4131],[-117.6814,39.4113],[-117.6825,39.4095],[-117.6802,39.4068],[-117.6802,39.4045],[-117.6825,39.4],[-117.6843,39.3973],[-117.6879,39.3932],[-117.6932,39.3877],[-117.6938,39.3868],[-117.6968,39.3846],[-117.7027,39.3836],[-117.7098,39.3814],[-117.7134,39.3818],[-117.717,39.3823],[-117.7212,39.3813],[-117.7307,39.3782],[-117.7337,39.3791],[-117.739,39.3831],[-117.7432,39.384],[-117.7485,39.3813],[-117.7539,39.3772],[-117.7556,39.3704],[-117.7586,39.3677],[-117.7574,39.365],[-117.7592,39.3604],[-117.7615,39.3563],[-117.7585,39.3486],[-117.7561,39.3432],[-117.7585,39.3391],[-117.7579,39.3359],[-117.7549,39.3296],[-117.7501,39.3174],[-117.7513,39.3128],[-117.7501,39.3101],[-117.7459,39.306],[-117.7447,39.3029],[-117.7405,39.2984],[-117.7405,39.2938],[-117.7423,39.2902],[-117.7405,39.2861],[-117.7351,39.2843],[-117.7327,39.2811],[-117.7309,39.2771],[-117.7303,39.2671],[-117.7249,39.2594],[-117.7219,39.249],[-117.7142,39.2499],[-117.7136,39.2445],[-117.7166,39.2413],[-117.7195,39.2318],[-117.7177,39.2272],[-117.7201,39.2245],[-117.7189,39.2213],[-117.7207,39.2177],[-117.7224,39.2132],[-117.7254,39.2132],[-117.7301,39.2113],[-117.7343,39.2091],[-117.7366,39.2027],[-117.742,39.1986],[-117.7425,39.195],[-117.7425,39.1918],[-117.7437,39.1909],[-117.7467,39.1905],[-117.7497,39.1886],[-117.7526,39.185],[-117.7615,39.1845],[-117.7698,39.175],[-117.7769,39.1741],[-117.7787,39.175],[-117.7811,39.1754],[-117.7822,39.1741],[-117.7822,39.1718],[-117.7834,39.1709],[-117.7852,39.17],[-117.7888,39.17],[-117.7899,39.1686],[-117.7893,39.1664],[-117.7876,39.1636],[-117.7881,39.1618],[-117.7911,39.1604],[-117.7917,39.1591],[-117.7869,39.1555],[-117.7845,39.1523],[-117.7857,39.1509],[-117.791,39.1496],[-117.7934,39.1459],[-117.7993,39.145],[-117.8041,39.1455],[-117.8053,39.1446],[-117.8035,39.1391],[-117.7975,39.1391],[-117.7934,39.1387],[-117.791,39.1283],[-117.7945,39.1224],[-117.7933,39.1192],[-117.7951,39.1151],[-117.7956,39.1119],[-117.7944,39.1092],[-117.7838,39.1065],[-117.7778,39.102],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.9727,39.0747],[-118.163,39.0738],[-118.3568,39.074],[-118.4795,39.0749],[-118.5927,39.0749],[-118.7201,39.0746],[-118.7539,39.0747],[-118.754,39.1132],[-118.7925,39.1128],[-118.7924,39.1405],[-118.8108,39.1403],[-118.8111,39.1557],[-118.8295,39.156],[-118.8291,39.1705],[-118.8481,39.1703],[-118.8478,39.1843],[-118.8668,39.1846],[-118.8671,39.1986],[-118.8908,39.1983],[-118.8902,39.2265],[-118.9098,39.2262],[-118.9083,39.2412],[-118.9285,39.2414],[-118.9287,39.256],[-118.9478,39.2557],[-118.9469,39.2702],[-118.9665,39.2705],[-118.9662,39.285],[-118.9858,39.2852],[-118.9861,39.3015],[-119.0081,39.3013],[-119.0078,39.3158],[-119.0251,39.3156],[-119.026,39.3301],[-119.0456,39.3298],[-119.0447,39.3443],[-119.0632,39.3446],[-119.0635,39.3591],[-119.0819,39.3593],[-119.0823,39.3733],[-119.1007,39.3735],[-119.1004,39.3881],[-119.1189,39.3883],[-119.1192,39.4014],[-119.1193,39.4082],[-119.1193,39.4322],[-119.1196,39.4467],[-119.1193,39.4608],[-119.1191,39.4762],[-119.1188,39.4907],[-119.1185,39.5052],[-119.1183,39.5197],[-119.1004,39.5195],[-119.0896,39.5192],[-119.0905,39.5328],[-119.0903,39.5482],[-119.09,39.5636],[-119.0903,39.5772],[-119.0912,39.5917],[-119.0915,39.6062],[-119.0913,39.6207],[-119.0904,39.6371],[-119.0797,39.6372],[-119.0794,39.6513],[-119.0797,39.6658],[-119.0794,39.6803],[-119.0791,39.6943],[-119.0789,39.7089],[-119.0731,39.7198],[-119.0594,39.7227],[-119.0602,39.7309],[-119.0597,39.7368],[-119.078,39.7229],[-119.0914,39.7087],[-119.1114,39.6935],[-119.1143,39.6912],[-119.1279,39.6806],[-119.1496,39.6653],[-119.169,39.6501],[-119.186,39.6372],[-119.1913,39.6326],[-119.1914,39.6371],[-119.1917,39.6507],[-119.1921,39.6675],[-119.1918,39.682],[-119.1727,39.6818],[-119.1724,39.6963],[-119.1728,39.7108],[-119.1731,39.7226],[-119.1728,39.7371],[-119.1725,39.7516],[-119.1729,39.7661],[-119.1732,39.7806],[-119.1727,39.7861],[-119.1919,39.7858],[-119.1915,39.7949],[-119.19,39.8094],[-119.2092,39.8092],[-119.209,39.8255],[-119.2093,39.84],[-119.2091,39.8545],[-119.2094,39.869],[-119.2092,39.8835],[-119.2089,39.8994],[-119.2257,39.8992],[-119.2254,39.9123],[-119.2258,39.9273],[-119.2256,39.9418],[-119.2253,39.9563],[-119.2257,39.9713],[-119.2254,39.9858],[-119.2251,39.9994],[-119.2107,39.9991],[-119.1909,39.9994],[-119.1717,39.9992],[-119.1525,39.999],[-119.1333,39.9993],[-119.1141,39.9991],[-119.096,39.9993],[-119.0762,39.9991],[-119.0576,39.9989],[-119.0378,39.9986],[-119.0186,39.9984],[-119.0012,39.9982],[-118.9826,39.9984],[-118.9633,39.9982],[-118.9441,39.9984],[-118.9249,39.9982],[-118.9057,39.9984],[-118.8871,39.9986],[-118.8685,39.9988],[-118.8493,39.9994],[-118.8307,39.9992],[-118.8109,39.9994],[-118.7917,39.9991],[-118.7755,39.9993],[-118.761,39.9999],[-118.7412,39.9996],[-118.7226,39.9998],[-118.7034,39.9996],[-118.6842,39.9997],[-118.6644,39.999],[-118.6476,39.9992],[-118.6295,39.9989],[-118.6109,39.9991],[-118.5911,39.9988],[-118.5725,39.9989],[-118.5575,39.9986],[-118.5509,39.9987],[-118.5323,39.9984],[-118.5143,39.9985],[-118.4951,39.9987],[-118.4759,39.9984],[-118.4566,39.999],[-118.4386,39.9991],[-118.4176,39.9992],[-118.3984,39.9994],[-118.3792,40],[-118.36,40.0006],[-118.3408,40.0002],[-118.3228,40.0004],[-118.3078,40.0005],[-118.2886,40.0006],[-118.2694,39.9998],[-118.2502,40.0004],[-118.2315,39.9996],[-118.2117,39.9997],[-118.1937,39.9998],[-118.1739,39.9999],[-118.1547,39.9995],[-118.1355,39.9992],[-118.0965,39.9998],[-117.9818,40.0021],[-117.7579,40.001],[-117.7129,40.0011],[-117.6144,40.0012],[-117.5394,40.003]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Churchill\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pohll, G.M.","contributorId":65261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohll","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mihevic, Todd","contributorId":87416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihevic","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69564,"text":"i2650 - 2001 - Geologic Map of the Thaumasia Region, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:11:31","indexId":"i2650","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2650","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic Map of the Thaumasia Region, Mars","docAbstract":"The geology of the Thaumasia region (fig. 1, sheet 3) includes a wide array of rock materials, depositional and erosional landforms, and tectonic structures. The region is dominated by the Thaumasia plateau, which includes central high lava plains ringed by highly deformed highlands; the plateau may comprise the ancestral center of Tharsis tectonism (Frey, 1979; Plescia and Saunders, 1982). The extensive structural deformation of the map region, which is without parallel on Mars in both complexity and diversity, occurred largely throughout the Noachian and Hesperian periods (Tanaka and Davis, 1988; Scott and Dohm, 1990a). The deformation produced small and large extensional and contractional structures (fig. 2, sheet 3) that resulted from stresses related to the formation of Tharsis (Frey, 1979; Wise and others, 1979; Plescia and Saunders, 1982; Banerdt and others, 1982, 1992; Watters and Maxwell, 1986; Tanaka and Davis, 1988; Francis, 1988; Watters, 1993; Schultz and Tanaka, 1994), from magmatic-driven uplifts, such as at Syria Planum (Tanaka and Davis, 1988; Dohm and others, 1998; Dohm and Tanaka, 1999) and central Valles Marineris (Dohm and others, 1998, Dohm and Tanaka, 1999), and from the Argyre impact (Wilhelms, 1973; Scott and Tanaka, 1986). In addition, volcanic, eolian, and fluvial processes have highly modified older surfaces in the map region. Local volcanic and tectonic activity often accompanied episodes of valley formation. Our mapping depicts and describes the diverse terrains and complex geologic history of this unique ancient tectonic region of Mars. The geologic (sheet 1), paleotectonic (sheet 2), and paleoerosional (sheet 3) maps of the Thaumasia region were compiled on a Viking 1:5,000,000-scale digital photomosaic base. The base is a combination of four quadrangles: the southeast part of Phoenicis Lacus (MC–17), most of the southern half of Coprates (MC–18), a large part of Thaumasia (MC–25), and the northwest margin of Argyre (MC–26). The medium-resolution Viking images used for mapping and base preparation also formed the basis of the 1:2,000,000 scale subquadrangle series. Earlier geologic maps of all or parts of the region include: (1) maps of the Phoenicis Lacus, Coprates, Thaumasia, and Argyre quadrangles at 1:5,000,000 scale based mainly on Mariner 9 images (respectively, Masursky and others, 1978; McCauley, 1978; McGill, 1978; and Hodges, 1980), (2) the global map of Mars at 1:25,000,000 (Scott and Carr, 1978) compiled largely from the 1:5,000,000 scale geologic maps, (3) maps showing lava flows in the Tharsis region at 1:2,000,000 scale compiled from Viking and Mariner 9 images (Scott, 1981; Scott and Tanaka, 1981a, b; Scott and others, 1981), (4) the map of the western equatorial region of Mars at 1:15,000,000 scale based on Viking images (Scott and Tanaka, 1986), and (5) the map of the Valles Marineris region at 1:2,000,000 scale compiled from Viking images (Witbeck and others, 1991). The previous maps have described the overall geology and geomorphology of the region but have not unraveled the detailed stratigraphy and complex evolution of this unique and geologically diverse martian province. The main purpose of this comprehensive mapping project is to reconstruct the stratigraphic, structural, and erosional histories of the Thaumasia region. The region is the last major province of the Tharsis region to undergo detailed structural mapping using Viking images; its history is essential to documenting the overall tectonic history of Tharsis. Other provinces of Tharsis that have been structurally mapped include Syria Planum (Tanaka and Davis, 1988), Tempe Terra and Ulysses Patera (Scott and Dohm, 1990b), and Alba Patera (Tanaka, 1990). Another primary mapping objective is to determine the region's volcanic history and assess the relations among fault systems and volcanoes (Wise and others, 1979; Scott and Tanaka, 1980; Whitford-Stark, 1982; Scott and Dohm, 1990a). A secondary mapping objective is to determine the distribution and ages of valleys. In our study, we incorporated detailed photogeologic mapping, comprehensive crater statistics (table 1), and geologic, paleotectonic, and paleoerosional Geographic Information System (GIS) databases. Sheets 1–3 show geologic units, faults and other significant structures, and valleys, respectively. To help unravel the complex geologic history of the Thaumasia region, we transferred the highly detailed geologic unit, paleotectonic, and paleoerosional information of sheets 1–3 into a multilayered GIS database for comparative analysis. The geologic information was transferred from hard copy into a digital format by scanning at 25 micron resolution on a drum scanner. The 2-bit scanned image was then converted to an x,y coordinate system using ARC/INFO's vectorization routine. The geologic unit, structural, and erosional data were transformed into the original map projection, Lambert Conformal. The average transformation root mean square error was 0.25 km (acceptable for the Thaumasia map base at 1:5,000,000 scale). After transformation, the features were properly attributed and tediously checked. Once digitized, the map data can be transformed into any map projection depending on the type of data analysis. For example, the equal-area sinusoidal projection was used for determining the precise area of geologic units (table 1). In addition to the geologic map and its attendant stratigraphic section, correlation chart, and description of map units, we include text sections that clarify the histories and temporal, spatial, and causal relations of the various geologic units and landforms of the Thaumasia region. The geologic summary section defines the sequence of major geologic events.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2650","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Tanaka, K.L., and Hare, T.M., 2001, Geologic Map of the Thaumasia Region, Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2650, 3 Sheets (all in color); Sheet 1: 50 by 31 inches, Sheet 2: 52 by 39 inches, Sheet 3: 56 by 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2650.","productDescription":"3 Sheets (all in color); Sheet 1: 50 by 31 inches, Sheet 2: 52 by 39 inches, Sheet 3: 56 by 40 inches","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438884,"rank":403,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U2C7NH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic Map of the Thaumasia Region, Mars"},{"id":258918,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2650/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258919,"rank":300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2650/i2650_sh1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_2650.jpg"},{"id":259136,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2650/i2650_sh2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259137,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2650/i2650_sh3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"444090","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","otherGeospatial":"Mars;Thaumasia Region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, Janes M.","contributorId":100079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"Janes","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31298,"text":"ofr01194 - 2001 - Selected data for sediment cores collected in Chesapeake Bay in 1996 and 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T17:04:17.795108","indexId":"ofr01194","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-194","title":"Selected data for sediment cores collected in Chesapeake Bay in 1996 and 1998","docAbstract":"As part of a study of recent history of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem, one- to eight- meter long sediment cores were obtained from the mesohaline section of the Chesapeake Bay between the mouths of the Potomac and Rhode Rivers. The sediments consist of three lithofacies: coarse-grained channel deposits, restricted-estuary sands and muds, and open-estuary muds. Water content, biogenic silica, magnetic susceptibility, trace metals, and nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and their isotopes) were measured in the cores. Biogenic silica, trace-metal, and nutrient data provide a strong basis for discussing past primary productivity and water-column anoxia in the bay.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01194","usgsCitation":"Baucom, P., Bratton, J., Colman, S.M., Moore, J.M., King, J.W., Seal, C., and Seal, R., 2001, Selected data for sediment cores collected in Chesapeake Bay in 1996 and 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-194, Report: 27 p.; 6 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01194.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; 6 Appendices","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491295,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-194/appndx_f.pdf","text":"Appendix F","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":491294,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-194/appndx_e.pdf","text":"Appendix E","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":491291,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-194/appndx_b.pdf","text":"Appendix B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":491290,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-194/appndx_a.pdf","text":"Appendix A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":491293,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-194/appndx_d.pdf","text":"Appendix D","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":491292,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-194/appndx_c.pdf","text":"Appendix C","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":491289,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-194/body.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161295,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2935,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-194/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cheapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.88232421875,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -76.88232421875,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -76.88232421875,\n 36.96744946416934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa60c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baucom, P.C.","contributorId":77978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baucom","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Jennifer M.","contributorId":265582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, John W.","contributorId":99601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":205626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Seal, Chip","contributorId":80720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Chip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":31293,"text":"ofr01182 - 2001 - Benthic foraminiferal census data from surface sediment samples, western Gulf of Mexico (Louisiana and Texas continental shelf and slope)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:12","indexId":"ofr01182","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-182","title":"Benthic foraminiferal census data from surface sediment samples, western Gulf of Mexico (Louisiana and Texas continental shelf and slope)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01182","usgsCitation":"Osterman, L., Erlandsen, M., and Castenson, E., 2001, Benthic foraminiferal census data from surface sediment samples, western Gulf of Mexico (Louisiana and Texas continental shelf and slope): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-182, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01182.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59727,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterman, L.E.","contributorId":53836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erlandsen, Maria","contributorId":54258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erlandsen","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castenson, E.D.","contributorId":65515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castenson","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":33063,"text":"b2201B - 2001 - Petroleum geology and resources of the North Caspian Basin, Kazakhstan and Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T10:57:44.338848","indexId":"b2201B","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2201","chapter":"B","title":"Petroleum geology and resources of the North Caspian Basin, Kazakhstan and Russia","docAbstract":"The North Caspian basin is a petroleum-rich but lightly explored basin located in Kazakhstan and Russia. It occupies the shallow northern portion of the Caspian Sea and a large plain to the north of the sea between the Volga and Ural Rivers and farther east to the Mugodzhary Highland, which is the southern continuation of the Ural foldbelt. The basin is bounded by the Paleozoic carbonate platform of the Volga-Ural province to the north and west and by the Ural, South Emba, and Karpinsky Hercynian foldbelts to the east and south. The basin was originated by pre-Late Devonian rifting and subsequent\r\nspreading that opened the oceanic crust, but the precise time of these tectonic events is not known.\r\nThe sedimentary succession of the basin is more than 20 km thick in the central areas. The drilled Upper Devonian to Tertiary part of this succession includes a prominent thick Kungurian\r\n(uppermost Lower Permian) salt formation that separates strata into the subsalt and suprasalt sequences and played an important role in the formation of oil and gas fields. Shallow-shelf carbonate formations that contain various reefs and alternate\r\nwith clastic wedges compose the subsalt sequence on the\r\n1\r\nbasin margins. Basinward, these rocks grade into deep-water anoxic black shales and turbidites. The Kungurian salt formation\r\nis strongly deformed into domes and intervening depressions.\r\nThe most active halokinesis occurred during Late Permian?Triassic time, but growth of salt domes continued later and some of them are exposed on the present-day surface. The suprasalt sequence is mostly composed of clastic rocks that are several kilometers thick in depressions between salt domes.\r\nA single total petroleum system is defined in the North Caspian\r\nbasin. Discovered reserves are about 19.7 billion barrels of oil and natural gas liquids and 157 trillion cubic feet of gas. Much of the reserves are concentrated in the supergiant Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Astrakhan fields. A recent new oil discovery on the Kashagan structure offshore in the Caspian Sea is probably\r\nalso of the supergiant status. Major oil and gas reserves are located in carbonate reservoirs in reefs and structural traps of the subsalt sequence. Substantially smaller reserves are located in numerous fields in the suprasalt sequence. These suprasalt fields are largely in shallow Jurassic and Cretaceous clastic reservoirs in salt dome-related traps. Petroleum source rocks are poorly identified by geochemical methods. However, geologic data indicate that the principal source rocks are Upper Devonian to Lower Permian deep-water black-shale facies stratigraphically correlative to shallow-shelf carbonate platforms on the basin margins. The main stage of hydrocarbon generation was probably\r\nin Late Permian and Triassic time, during deposition of thick orogenic clastics. Generated hydrocarbons migrated laterally into adjacent subsalt reservoirs and vertically, through depressions\r\nbetween Kungurian salt domes where the salt is thin or absent, into suprasalt clastic reservoirs.\r\nSix assessment units have been identified in the North Caspian\r\nbasin. Four of them include Paleozoic subsalt rocks of the basin margins, and a fifth unit, which encompasses the entire total petroleum system area, includes the suprasalt sequence. All five of these assessment units are underexplored and have significant\r\npotential for new discoveries. Most undiscovered petroleum\r\nresources are expected in Paleozoic subsalt carbonate rocks. The assessment unit in subsalt rocks with the greatest undiscovered potential occupies the south basin margin. Petroleum\r\npotential of suprasalt rocks is lower; however, discoveries of many small to medium size fields are expected. The sixth identified assessment unit embraces subsalt rocks of the central basin areas. The top of subsalt rocks in these areas occurs at depths ranging from 7 to 10 kilometers and has not been reached by wells. Undiscovered resources of this unit did not rec","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2201B","usgsCitation":"Ulmishek, G.F., 2001, Petroleum geology and resources of the North Caspian Basin, Kazakhstan and Russia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2201, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2201B.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2201/B/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462801,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2201/B/b2201-b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.48 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6873bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulmishek, Gregory F.","contributorId":48971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmishek","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30900,"text":"wri20014018 - 2001 - Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds in Indiana, June-September 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T20:41:16.768002","indexId":"wri20014018","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4018","title":"Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds in Indiana, June-September 1999","docAbstract":"Water samples collected from 58 surface- water sites in the Kankakee and Lower Wabash River Watersheds from June through September 1999 were analyzed for concentrations of Escherichia coli bacteria. Each sitewas sampled five times in a 30-day period. Twentynine sites were sampled during June and July, and 29 different sites were sampled during August and September. A five-sample geometric mean of concentrations was computed for each site. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in 126 of the 289 samples exceeded the State of Indiana single-sample standard of 235 colonies per 100 milliliters for waters used for recreation. Concentrations in samples from 38 of the 58 sites exceeded the State of Indiana standard for a five-sample geometric mean of 125 colonies per 100 milliliters for waters used for recreation. Ten of the 58 sites were at or near U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations. Based on records from the streamflowgaging stations, 18 percent of the samples collected at these sites were collected at streamflows above the median daily discharge for each station. E. coli concentrations and turbidity measurements collected during 1999 were analyzed in concert with similar concentration and turbidity data collected in 1998 at streams within the Upper Wabash River Watershed in Indiana to investigate the relation between concentrations of bacteria and turbidity. The analysis indicated a statistically significant correlation between concentrations of E. coli and turbidity. If the turbidity was greater than 83 nephelometric turbidity units, the E. coli concentration always exceeded the singlesample standard. If, however, the turbidity was less than 83 nephelometric turbidity units, concentrations of E. coli were not always below the single-sample standard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Silcox, C.A., Robinson, B.A., and Willoughby, T.C., 2001, Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds in Indiana, June-September 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4018, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014018.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","temporalStart":"1999-06-01","temporalEnd":"1999-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424235,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42271.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12876,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/wri01_4018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.067,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -86.067,\n 41.7\n ],\n [\n -88.083,\n 41.7\n ],\n [\n -88.083,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -86.067,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silcox, Cheryl A. casilcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silcox","given":"Cheryl","email":"casilcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Bret A. barobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Bret","email":"barobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willoughby, Timothy C.","contributorId":49404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willoughby","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30858,"text":"wri004061 - 2001 - Nutrients and organic compounds in Deer Creek and south branch Plum Creek in southwestern Pennsylvania, April 1996 through September 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T22:00:41.597288","indexId":"wri004061","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4061","title":"Nutrients and organic compounds in Deer Creek and south branch Plum Creek in southwestern Pennsylvania, April 1996 through September 1998","docAbstract":"This report presents results of an analysis of nutrient and pesticide data from two surface-water sites and volatile organic compound (VOC) data from one of the sites that are within the Allegheny and Monongahela River Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The Deer Creek site was located in a 27.0 square-mile basin within the Allegheny River Basin in Allegheny County. The primary land uses consist of small urban areas, large areas of residential housing, and some agricultural land in the upper part of the basin. The South Branch Plum Creek site was located in a 33.3 square-mile basin within the Allegheny River Basin in Indiana County. The primary land uses throughout this basin are mostly agriculture and forestland.
Water samples for analysis of nutrients were collected monthly and during high-flow events from April 1996 through September 1998. Concentrations of dissolved nitrite, dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and dissolved phosphorus were less than the method detection limits in more than one-half of the samples collected. The median concentration of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate in South Branch Plum Creek was 0.937 mg/L and 0.597 mg/L in Deer Creek. The median concentration of dissolved orthophosphate was 0.01 mg/L in both streams. High loads of nitrate were measured in both streams from March to June. Concentrations of dissolved ammonia nitrogen, dissolved nitrate, and total phosphorus were lower during the summer months. Measured concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in both streams were well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L.
Water samples for analysis of pesticides were collected throughout 1997 in both streams and during a storm event on August 25-26, 1998, in Deer Creek. Samples were collected monthly at both sites and more frequently during the spring and early summer months to coincide with application of pesticides. Seventy-eight pesticides and 7 pesticide metabolites were analyzed in 31 samples collected in Deer Creek and in 18 samples collected in South Branch Plum Creek. Of the 85 pesticides and pesticide metabolites analyzed, 25 of the pesticides were detected at least once in Deer Creek, and 20 of the pesticides were detected at least once in South Branch Plum Creek. Atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide in both streams. There was a distinct seasonal pattern of atrazine, simazine, and metolachlor concentrations measured at both sites.
Prometon was detected in 3 of the 18 samples collected in South Branch Plum Creek in 1997 and in 28 of the 31 samples collected in Deer Creek in both 1997 and 1998. Prometon generally is applied in conjunction with asphalt paving projects and is commonly used in residential areas. The highest measured concentrations of prometon detected in Deer Creek were in the five storm samples collected on August 25-26, 1998.
At the Deer Creek site, 9 of the 25 pesticides detected throughout the study were detected only in the sample collected on June 13, 1997. Those nine pesticides included acifluorfen, bentazon, bromoxynil, dicamba, dichlorprop, fenuron, linuron, MCPA, and neburon. Nine other pesticides also were detected in that sample.
All concentrations of pesticides were well below established drinking-water guidelines. The maximum measured concentration of diazinon in Deer Creek (0.097 µg/L) and South Branch Plum Creek (0.974 µg/L) exceeded the aquatic life guideline of 0.009 µg/L established by the National Academy of Sciences/National Academy of Engineers. The maximum measured concentration of azinphos-methyl in South Branch Plum Creek (an estimated value of 0.033 µg/L) exceeded the chronic aquatic-life guideline of 0.01 µg/L established by the USEPA.
Twenty-five samples were collected from Deer Creek and analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Of 87 VOCs analyzed for, 22 were detected at least once, and 12 were gasoline-related compounds. Acetone, benzene, carbon disulfide, meta/paraxylene, methyl chloride, MTBE, p-isopropyl toluene, toluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were each detected in five or more samples. VOCs generally were detected during the colder winter months and not frequently during the summer months.
The maximum measured concentrations of benzene, ethylbenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, styrene, and toluene were two or more orders of magnitude lower than the MCLs established by the USEPA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004061","usgsCitation":"Williams, D., and Clark, M., 2001, Nutrients and organic compounds in Deer Creek and south branch Plum Creek in southwestern Pennsylvania, April 1996 through September 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4061, viii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004061.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4061/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":466173,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39864.htm","text":"Deer Creek basin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466174,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39865.htm","text":"South Branch Plum Creek basin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2736,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4061/wri20004061.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4061"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -77.84912109375,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -77.84912109375,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 38.634036452919226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
During 1997–98, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Houston-Galveston Area Council, collected stream-habitat and benthic macroinvertebrate data for 31 reaches on abovetidal streams in the Council service area near Houston, Texas. Stream-habitat, land-use and population, and benthic aquatic insect metrics were determined for the 31 reaches. Statistical analyses were used to determine the stream-habitat, land-use and population, and aquatic insect variables that are strongly intercorrelated and that explain the greatest amount of variation between the reaches.
Comparison of stream-habitat and biological integrity scores computed for each of the 31 reaches indicated (1) reaches generally had larger stream-habitat integrity scores in drainage areas that were heavily forested and had fewer people per square mile, (2) larger biological integrity scores were significantly correlated with larger stream-habitat integrity scores, and (3) urban reaches generally had more simplified streamhabitat conditions and smaller biological integrity scores.
Seven reaches in the study area were selected as reference reaches on the basis of high streamhabitat integrity and high biological integrity. The reference-reaches median biological integrity score was equaled or exceeded by three reaches (one on Spring Creek and two on Cypress Creek) that are on the State of Texas 303(d) list of threatened or impaired waters with respect to aquatic life. This indicates that direct measures of biological integrity could be used to supplement surrogatebased designations of biological integrity such as the State list.
A statistically significant multipleregression model was developed that uses independent variables that can be obtained without fieldintensive studies to predict the biological integrity score for a reach. The deviation from the model’s predicted score with the score based on biological sampling can be used to interpret the degree of biological impairment in a reach. Data from reaches outside the group of reaches used in this study are needed to test the validity of the multipleregression model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014010","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., 2001, Influence of stream habitat and land use on benthic macroinvertebrate indicators of stream quality of selected above-tidal streams in the Houston-Galveston Area Council service area, Texas, 1997–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4010, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014010.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014010.PNG"},{"id":393816,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_38857.htm"},{"id":328037,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014010/pdf/01-4010.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2833,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston, Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.8062744140625,\n 29.19532826709913\n ],\n [\n -94.669189453125,\n 29.19532826709913\n ],\n [\n -94.669189453125,\n 30.244831915307145\n ],\n [\n -95.8062744140625,\n 30.244831915307145\n ],\n [\n -95.8062744140625,\n 29.19532826709913\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c2e4b07f02db5d3acf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. Bruce","contributorId":53372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30893,"text":"wri014008 - 2001 - Ground-water quality of the surficial aquifer system and the upper Floridan Aquifer, Ocala National Forest and Lake County, Florida, 1990-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T22:49:05.529787","indexId":"wri014008","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4008","title":"Ground-water quality of the surficial aquifer system and the upper Floridan Aquifer, Ocala National Forest and Lake County, Florida, 1990-99","docAbstract":"Data from 217 ground-water samples were statistically analyzed to assess the water quality of the surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer in the Ocala National Forest and Lake County, Florida. Samples were collected from 49 wells tapping the surficial aquifer system, 141 wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer, and from 27 springs that discharge water from the Upper Floridan aquifer. A total of 136 samples was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1995 through 1999. These data were supplemented with 81 samples collected by the St. Johns River Water Management District and Lake County Water Resources Management from 1990 through 1998.
In general, the surficial aquifer system has low concentrations of total dissolved solids (median was 41 milligrams per liter) and major ions. Water quality of the surficial aquifer system, however, is not homogeneous throughout the study area. Concentrations of total dissolved solids, many major ions, and nutrients are greater in samples from Lake County outside the Ocala National Forest than in samples from within the Forest. These results indicate that the surficial aquifer system in Lake County outside the Ocala National Forest probably is being affected by agricultural and (or) urban land-use practices. High concentrations of dissolved oxygen (less than 0.1 to 8.2 milligrams per liter) in the surficial aquifer system underlying the Ocala National Forest indicate that the aquifer is readily recharged by precipitation and is susceptible to surface contamination.
Concentrations of total dissolved solids were significantly greater in the Upper Floridan aquifer (median was 182 milligrams per liter) than in the surficial aquifer system. In general, water quality of the Upper Floridan aquifer was homogeneous, primarily being a calcium or calcium-magnesium- bicarbonate water type. Near the St. Johns River, the water type of the Upper Floridan aquifer is sodium-chloride, corresponding to an increase in total dissolved solids. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer ranged from less than 0.1 to 7.3 milligrams per liter, indicating that, in parts of the aquifer, ground water is rapidly recharged by rainfall and is susceptible to surface contamination.
Median concentrations of nutrients in the Upper Floridan aquifer were not significantly different between the Ocala National Forest and the area of Lake County outside the Forest. The maximum nitrate concentration in the Upper Floridan aquifer in Ocala National Forest was only 0.20 milligram per liter, whereas, 9 of 39 samples from the Upper Floridan aquifer in Lake County had elevated nitrate concentrations (greater than 1.0 milligram per liter). Hence, nitrate concentrations of the Upper Floridan aquifer appear to be affected by land use in Lake County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014008","usgsCitation":"Adamski, J., and Knowles, L., 2001, Ground-water quality of the surficial aquifer system and the upper Floridan Aquifer, Ocala National Forest and Lake County, Florida, 1990-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4008, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014008.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2831,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":465860,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37621.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Ocala National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.06219079539298,\n 29.575672356567637\n ],\n [\n -82.06219079539298,\n 28.333\n ],\n [\n -81.29830333935938,\n 28.333\n ],\n [\n -81.29830333935938,\n 29.575672356567637\n ],\n [\n -82.06219079539298,\n 29.575672356567637\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adamski, J.C.","contributorId":51773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Leel Jr.","contributorId":14857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Leel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30899,"text":"wri014016 - 2001 - Use of thematic mapper imagery to assess water quality, trophic state, and macrophyte distributions in Massachusetts lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"wri014016","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4016","title":"Use of thematic mapper imagery to assess water quality, trophic state, and macrophyte distributions in Massachusetts lakes","docAbstract":"During the spring and summer of 1996, 1997, and 1998, measurements of phytoplankton- chlorophyll concentration, Secchi disk transparency, and color were made at 97 Massachusetts lakes within 24 hours of Landsat Thematic Mapper imaging of the lakes in an effort to assess water quality and trophic state. Spatial distributions of floating, emergent, and submerged macrophytes were mapped in 49 of the lakes at least once during the 3-year period. The maps were digitized and used to assign pixels in the thematic mapper images to one of four vegetation cover classes-open water, 1-50 percent floating-and-emergent-vegetation cover, 51-100 percent floating-and-emergent-vegetation cover, and submerged vegetation at any density. The field data were collected by teams of U.S. Geological Survey and Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management staff and by 76 volunteers. Side-by-side sampling by U.S. Geological Survey and volunteer field teams resulted in statistically similar chlorophyll determinations, Secchi disk readings, and temperature measurements, but concurrent color determinations were not similar, possibly due to contamination of sample bottles issued to the volunteers.Attempts to develop predictive relations between phytoplankton-chlorophyll concentration, Secchi disk transparency, lake color, dissolved organic carbon, and various combinations of thematic mapper bands 1, 2, 3, and 4 digital numbers were unsuccessful, primarily because of the extremely low concentrations of chlorophyll in the lakes studied, and also because of the highly variable dissolved organic carbon concentrations.Predictive relations were developed between Secchi disk transparency and phytoplankton-chlorophyll concentration, and between color and dissolved organic carbon concentration. Phytoplankton-chlorophyll concentration was inversely correlated with Secchi disk transparency during all three sampling periods. The relations were very similar in 1996 and 1997 and indicated that 62 to 67 percent of the variability in Secchi disk transparency could be explained by the chlorophyll concentration. Analysis of color and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in water samples collected by U.S. Geological Survey field teams in 1996-98 indicated that 91 percent of the variance in color in Massachusetts lakes can be explained by variations in dissolved organic carbon.Areas of open-water, submerged vegetation, and two surface-vegetation-cover classes predicted from Thematic Mapper images acquired in the summer of 1996 closely matched the areas observed in a set of field observations. However, the same analysis applied to a set of data acquired in the summer of 1997 resulted in somewhat less reliable predictions, and an attempt to predict 1996 vegetation-cover areas using the relations developed in the 1997 analysis was unsuccessful. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014016","usgsCitation":"Waldron, M.C., Steeves, P.A., and Finn, J.T., 2001, Use of thematic mapper imagery to assess water quality, trophic state, and macrophyte distributions in Massachusetts lakes: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4016, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014016.","productDescription":"40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2837,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014016","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2001_4016.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60427e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steeves, Peter A. 0000-0001-7558-9719 psteeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-9719","contributorId":1873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Peter","email":"psteeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, John T.","contributorId":43398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16720,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9485, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":204315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69394,"text":"i2721 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Pandrosos Dorsa Quadrangle (V-5), Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:13:19","indexId":"i2721","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2721","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map of the Pandrosos Dorsa Quadrangle (V-5), Venus","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Magellan spacecraft orbited Venus from August 10, 1990, until it plunged into the Venusian atmosphere on October 12, 1994. Magellan had the objectives of (1) improving knowledge of the geologic processes, surface properties, and geologic history of Venus by analysis of surface radar characteristics, topography, and morphology and (2) improving knowledge of the geophysics of Venus by analysis of Venusian gravity. The Magellan spacecraft carried a 12.6-cm radar system to map the surface of Venus. The transmitter and receiver systems were used to collect three datasets: synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the surface, passive microwave thermal emission observations, and measurements of the backscattered power at small angles of incidence, which were processed to yield altimetric data. Radar imaging and altimetric and radiometric mapping of the Venusian surface were done in mission cycles 1, 2, and 3, from September 1990 until September 1992. Ninety-eight percent of the surface was mapped with radar resolution of approximately 120 meters. The SAR observations were projected to a 75-m nominal horizontal resolution; these full-resolution data compose the image base used in geologic mapping.\r\n\r\nThe primary polarization mode was horizontal-transmit, horizontal-receive (HH), but additional data for selected areas were collected for the vertical polarization sense. Incidence angles varied from about 20? to 45?. High-resolution Doppler tracking of the spacecraft was done from September 1992 through October 1994 (mission cycles 4, 5, 6). High-resolution gravity observations from about 950 orbits were obtained between September 1992 and May 1993, while Magellan was in an elliptical orbit with a periapsis near 175 kilometers and an apoapsis near 8,000 kilometers. Observations from an additional 1,500 orbits were obtained following orbitcircularization in mid-1993. These data exist as a 75? by 75? harmonic field.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2721","usgsCitation":"Rosenberg, E., and McGill, G.E., 2001, Geologic map of the Pandrosos Dorsa Quadrangle (V-5), Venus: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2721, Sheet 56 by 40 inches (in color); Lambert projection, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2721.","productDescription":"Sheet 56 by 40 inches (in color); Lambert projection","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":187621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10442,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2721/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"4711886","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae7e4b07f02db68bfd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberg, Elizabeth","contributorId":65544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGill, George E.","contributorId":47462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGill","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33065,"text":"b2201D - 2001 - Petroleum geology and resources of the North Ustyurt Basin, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T10:57:00.043534","indexId":"b2201D","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2201","chapter":"D","title":"Petroleum geology and resources of the North Ustyurt Basin, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan","docAbstract":"The triangular-shaped North Ustyurt basin is located between the Caspian Sea and the Aral Lake in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and extends offshore both on the west and east. Along all its sides, the basin is bounded by the late Paleozoic and Triassic foldbelts that are partially overlain by Jurassic and younger rocks. The basin formed on a cratonic microcontinental block that was accreted northward to the Russian craton in Visean or Early Permian time. Continental collision and deformation\r\nalong the southern and eastern basin margins occurred in Early Permian time. In Late Triassic time, the basin was subjected\r\nto strong compression that resulted in intrabasinal thrusting\r\nand faulting.\r\nJurassic-Tertiary, mostly clastic rocks several hundred meters to 5 km thick overlie an older sequence of Devonian?Middle Carboniferous carbonates, Upper Precambrian massifs and deformed Caledonian foldbelts. The\r\nCarboniferous?Lower Permian clastics, carbonates, and volca-basement is at depths from 5.5 km on the highest uplifts to 11\r\nnics, and Upper Permian?Triassic continental clastic rocks, pri-km in the deepest depressions.\r\nmarily red beds. Paleogeographic conditions of sedimentation, Three total petroleum systems are identified in the basin.\r\nthe distribution of rock types, and the thicknesses of pre-Triassic Combined volumes of discovered hydrocarbons in these sysstratigraphic\r\nunits are poorly known because the rocks have been tems are nearly 2.4 billion barrels of oil and 2.4 trillion cubic\r\npenetrated by only a few wells in the western and eastern basin feet of gas. Almost all of the oil reserves are in the Buzachi Arch\r\nareas. The basement probably is heterogeneous; it includes and Surrounding Areas Composite Total Petroleum System in\r\n2 Petroleum Geology, Resources?North Ustyurt Basin, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan\r\nthe western part of the basin. Oil pools are in shallow Jurassic and Neocomian sandstone reservoirs, in structural traps. Source rocks are absent in the total petroleum system area; therefore, the oil could have migrated from the adjacent North Caspian basin.\r\nThe North Ustyurt Jurassic Total Petroleum System encompasses\r\nthe rest of the basin area and includes Jurassic and younger rocks. Several oil and gas fields have been discovered in this total petroleum system. Oil accumulations are in Jurassic clastic reservoirs, in structural traps at depths of 2.5?3 km. Source rocks for the oil are lacustrine beds and coals in the continental\r\nJurassic sequence. Gas fields are in shallow Eocene sandstones in the northern part of the total petroleum system. The origin of the gas is unknown.\r\nThe North Ustyurt Paleozoic Total Petroleum System stratigraphically underlies the North Ustyurt Jurassic system and occupies the same geographic area. The total petroleum system is almost unexplored. Two commercial flows of gas and several oil and gas shows have been tested in Carboniferous shelf carbonates\r\nin the eastern part of the total petroleum system. Source rocks probably are adjacent Carboniferous deep-water facies interpreted from seismic data. The western extent of the total petroleum system is conjectural.\r\nAlmost all exploration drilling in the North Ustyurt basin has been limited to Jurassic and younger targets. The underlying Paleozoic-Triassic sequence is poorly known and completely unexplored. No wells have been drilled in offshore parts of the basin.\r\nEach of three total petroleum systems was assessed as a single assessment unit. Undiscovered resources of the basin are small to moderate. Most of the undiscovered oil probably will be discovered in Jurassic and Neocomian stratigraphic and structural\r\ntraps on the Buzachi arch, especially on its undrilled off-shore extension. Most of the gas discoveries are expected to be in Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in the eastern part of the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2201D","usgsCitation":"Ulmishek, G.F., 2001, Petroleum geology and resources of the North Ustyurt Basin, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2201, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2201D.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2201/D/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462802,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2201/D/b2201-d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulmishek, Gregory F.","contributorId":48971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmishek","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30905,"text":"wri014040 - 2001 - Pond-aquifer interaction at South Pond of Lake Cochituate, Natick, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"wri014040","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4040","title":"Pond-aquifer interaction at South Pond of Lake Cochituate, Natick, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A U.S. Army facility on a peninsula in South Pond of Lake Cochituate was designated a Superfund site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1994 because contaminated ground water was detected at the facility, which is near the Natick Springvale public-supply wellfield. The interaction between South Pond and the underlying aquifer controls ground-water flow patterns near the pond and determines the source of water withdrawn from the wellfield.A map of the bathymetry and the thickness of fine-grained pond-bottom sediments was prepared on the basis of fathometer, ground-penetrating radar, and continuous seismic-reflection surveys. The geophysical data indicate that the bottom sediments are fine grained toward the middle of the pond but are coarse grained in shoreline areas. Natick Springvale wellfield, which consists of three active public-supply wells adjacent to South Pond, is 2,200 feet downgradient from the boundary of the Army facility. That part of South Pond between the Natick Springvale wellfield and the Army facility is 18 feet deep with at least 14 feet of fine-grained sediment beneath the pond-bottom. Water levels from the pond and underlying sediments indicate a downward vertical gradient and the potential for infiltration of pond water near the wellfield. Head differences between the pond and the wellfield ranged from 1.66 to 4.41 feet during this study. The velocity of downward flow from South Pond into the pond-bottom sediments, determined on the basis of temperature profiles measured over a diurnal cycle at two locations near the wellfield, was 0.5 and 1.0 feet per day. These downward velocities resulted in vertical hydraulic conductivities of 1.1 and 2.9 feet per day for the pond-bottom sediments.Naturally occurring stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen were used as tracers of pond water and ground water derived from recharge of precipitation, two potential sources of water to a well in a pond-aquifer setting. The isotopic composition of pond water varied seasonally and was distinctly different from the isotopic composition of ground water. The isotopic composition of shallow water beneath and adjacent to South Pond near the wellfield corresponds to the temporal variation of pond water, indicating that nearly all water at shallow depths was derived from pond water. A two-component mixing model based on the average stable isotope values of the source waters indicated that 64 ?15 percent at the 95-percent confidence interval of the water withdrawn at the public-supply wells was derived from the pond; pond water accounted for most of the uncertainty in the result. The rate of infiltration of pond water into the aquifer and discharging to the wellfield was 1.0 million gallons per day at the average pumping rate.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014040","usgsCitation":"Friesz, P.J., and Church, P.E., 2001, Pond-aquifer interaction at South Pond of Lake Cochituate, Natick, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4040, 42 p., 1 over-size sheet. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014040.","productDescription":"42 p., 1 over-size sheet. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2840,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014040","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68437a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friesz, Paul J. 0000-0002-4660-2336 pfriesz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-2336","contributorId":1075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesz","given":"Paul","email":"pfriesz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Peter E.","contributorId":99178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31219,"text":"ofr0148 - 2001 - Archive of boomer subottom data collected during USGS cruise MCAR 97013, Washington Shelf, 7-14 July 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"ofr0148","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-48","title":"Archive of boomer subottom data collected during USGS cruise MCAR 97013, Washington Shelf, 7-14 July 1997","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0148","usgsCitation":"Foster, D., McCrory, P., and O’Brien, T., 2001, Archive of boomer subottom data collected during USGS cruise MCAR 97013, Washington Shelf, 7-14 July 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-48, Three discs. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0148.","productDescription":"Three discs. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679cfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCrory, P. A.","contributorId":96287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"P.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, T.F.","contributorId":86309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":33069,"text":"b2202F - 2001 - The Sirte Basin province of Libya; Sirte-Zelten total petroleum system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"b2202F","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2202","chapter":"F","title":"The Sirte Basin province of Libya; Sirte-Zelten total petroleum system","docAbstract":"The Sirte (Sirt) Basin province ranks 13th among the world?s petroleum provinces, having known reserves of 43.1 bil-lion barrels of oil equivalent (36.7 billion barrels of oil, 37.7 tril-lion cubic feet of gas, 0.1 billion barrels of natural gas liquids). It includes an area about the size of the Williston Basin of the north-ern United States and southern Canada (?490,000 square kilome-ters). The province contains one dominant total petroleum system, the Sirte-Zelten, based on geochemical data. The Upper Cretaceous Sirte Shale is the primary hydrocarbon source bed. Reservoirs range in rock type and age from fractured Precam-brian basement, clastic reservoirs in the Cambrian-Ordovician Gargaf sandstones, and Lower Cretaceous Nubian (Sarir) Sand-stone to Paleocene Zelten Formation and Eocene carbonates commonly in the form of bioherms. More than 23 large oil fields (>100 million barrels of oil equivalent) and 16 giant oil fields (>500 million barrels of oil equivalent) occur in the province.\r\nAbstract 1\r\nProduction from both clastic and carbonate onshore reservoirs is associated with well-defined horst blocks related to a triple junc-tion with three arms?an eastern Sarir arm, a northern Sirte arm, and a southwestern Tibesti arm. Stratigraphic traps in combina-tion with these horsts in the Sarir arm are shown as giant fields (for example, Messla and Sarir fields in the southeastern portion of the province). Significant potential is identified in areas marginal\r\nto the horsts, in the deeper grabens and in the offshore area.\r\nFour assessment units are defined in the Sirte Basin prov-ince, two reflecting established clastic and carbonate reservoir areas and two defined as hypothetical units. Of the latter, one is offshore in water depths greater than 200 meters, and the other is onshore where clastic units, mainly of Mesozoic age, may be res-ervoirs for laterally migrating hydrocarbons that were generated in the deep-graben areas.\r\nThe Sirte Basin reflects significant rifting in the Early Cre-taceous and syn-rift sedimentary filling during Cretaceous through Eocene time, and post-rift deposition in the Oligocene and Miocene. Multiple reservoirs are charged largely by verti-cally migrating hydrocarbons along horst block faults from Upper Cretaceous source rocks that occupy structurally low posi-tions in the grabens. Evaporites in the middle Eocene, mostly post-rift, provide an excellent seal for the Sirte-Zelten hydrocarbon\r\nsystem. The offshore part of the Sirte Basin is complex, with subduction occurring to the northeast of the province boundary, which is drawn at the 2,000-meter isobath. Possible petroleum systems may be present in the deep offshore grabens on the Sirte Rise such as those involving Silurian and Eocene rocks; however, potential of these systems remains speculative and was not assessed.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2202F","usgsCitation":"Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2001, The Sirte Basin province of Libya; Sirte-Zelten total petroleum system (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2202, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2202F.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3242,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2202-f/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":57836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}