Great Neck, a peninsula, in the northwestern part of Nassau County, N.Y., is underlain by unconsolidated deposits that form a sequence of aquifers and confining units. Seven public-supply wells have been affected by the intrusion of saltwater from the surrounding embayments (Little Neck Bay, Long Island Sound, Manhasset Bay). Fifteen observation wells were drilled in 1991–96 for the collection of hydrogeologic, geochemical, and geophysical data to delineate the subsurface geology and extent of saltwater intrusion within the peninsula. Continuous high-resolution seismic-reflection surveys in the embayments surrounding the Great Neck peninsula and the Manhasset Neck peninsula to the east were completed in 1993 and 1994.
Two hydrogeologic units are newly proposed herein.the North Shore aquifer and the North Shore confining unit. The new drill-core data collected in 1991–96 indicate that the Lloyd aquifer, the Raritan confining unit, and the Magothy aquifer have been completely removed from the northern part of the peninsula by extensive glacial erosion.
Water levels at selected observation wells were measured quarterly throughout the study. The results from two studies of the effects of tides on ground-water levels in 1992 and 1993 indicate that water levels at wells screened within the North Shore and Lloyd aquifers respond to tides and pumping effects, but those in the overlying upper glacial aquifer (where the water table is located) do not. Data from quarterly water-level measurements and the tidal-effect studies indicate the North Shore and Lloyd aquifers to be hydraulically connected.
Offshore seismic-reflection surveys in the surrounding embayments indicate at least two glacially eroded buried valleys with subhorizontal, parallel reflectors indicative of draped bedding that is interpreted as infilling by silt and clay. The buried valleys (1) truncate the surrounding coarse-grained deposits, (2) are asymmetrical and steep sided, (3) trend northwest-southeast, (4) are 2-4 miles long and about 1 mile wide, and (5) extend to more than 200 feet below sea level.
Water from six public-supply wells screened in the Magothy and upper glacial aquifers contained volatile organic compounds in concentrations above the New York State Department of Health Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Levels, as did water from one public-supply well screened in the Lloyd aquifer, and from three observation wells screened in the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers.
Four distinct wedge-shaped areas of saltwater intrusion have been delineated within the aquifers in Great Neck; three areas extend into the Lloyd and North Shore aquifers, and the fourth area extends into the upper glacial aquifer. Three other areas of saltwater intrusion also have been detected. Borehole-geophysical-logging data indicate that four of these saltwater wedges range from 20 to 125 feet in thickness and have sharp freshwater-saltwater interfaces, and that maximum chloride concentrations in 1996 ranged from 141 to 13,750 milligrams per liter. Seven public-supply wells have either been shut down or are currently being affected by saltwater intrusion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Workis","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., 2001, Hydrogeology and extent of saltwater intrusion of the Great Neck peninsula, Great Neck, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4280, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994280.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4280/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2455,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4280//wri19994280.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1999-4280"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01165","usgsCitation":"Brewer, G.M., Dadisman, S.V., Kindinger, J.L., Wiese, D.S., and Flocks, J.G., 2001, Archive of Boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS Cruise 99ASR01, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 29 June - 30 June, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-165, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01165.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391767,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_40314.htm"},{"id":161377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2924,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8360,\n 27.119\n ],\n [\n -80.722,\n 27.119\n ],\n [\n -80.722,\n 27.2\n ],\n [\n -80.8360,\n 27.2\n ],\n [\n -80.8360,\n 27.119\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, Gina M.","contributorId":56269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Gina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":24142,"text":"ofr00352 - 2001 - SeaMARC 1A sidescan sonar mosaic, cores and depositional interpretation of the Mississippi Fan: ArcView GIS data release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-18T15:08:46.03393","indexId":"ofr00352","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-352","title":"SeaMARC 1A sidescan sonar mosaic, cores and depositional interpretation of the Mississippi Fan: ArcView GIS data release","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00352","usgsCitation":"Paskevich, V.F., Twichell, D.C., and Schwab, W.C., 2001, SeaMARC 1A sidescan sonar mosaic, cores and depositional interpretation of the Mississippi Fan: ArcView GIS data release: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-352, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00352.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405497,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34896.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1565,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-352/indexnn.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Fan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.55,\n 26.167\n ],\n [\n -85,\n 26.167\n ],\n [\n -85,\n 26.833\n ],\n [\n -86.55,\n 26.833\n ],\n [\n -86.55,\n 26.167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc4ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paskevich, Valerie F.","contributorId":81907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskevich","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":191392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30900,"text":"wri20014018 - 2001 - Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds in Indiana, June-September 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T20:41:16.768002","indexId":"wri20014018","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4018","title":"Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds in Indiana, June-September 1999","docAbstract":"Water samples collected from 58 surface- water sites in the Kankakee and Lower Wabash River Watersheds from June through September 1999 were analyzed for concentrations of Escherichia coli bacteria. Each sitewas sampled five times in a 30-day period. Twentynine sites were sampled during June and July, and 29 different sites were sampled during August and September. A five-sample geometric mean of concentrations was computed for each site. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in 126 of the 289 samples exceeded the State of Indiana single-sample standard of 235 colonies per 100 milliliters for waters used for recreation. Concentrations in samples from 38 of the 58 sites exceeded the State of Indiana standard for a five-sample geometric mean of 125 colonies per 100 milliliters for waters used for recreation. Ten of the 58 sites were at or near U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations. Based on records from the streamflowgaging stations, 18 percent of the samples collected at these sites were collected at streamflows above the median daily discharge for each station. E. coli concentrations and turbidity measurements collected during 1999 were analyzed in concert with similar concentration and turbidity data collected in 1998 at streams within the Upper Wabash River Watershed in Indiana to investigate the relation between concentrations of bacteria and turbidity. The analysis indicated a statistically significant correlation between concentrations of E. coli and turbidity. If the turbidity was greater than 83 nephelometric turbidity units, the E. coli concentration always exceeded the singlesample standard. If, however, the turbidity was less than 83 nephelometric turbidity units, concentrations of E. coli were not always below the single-sample standard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Silcox, C.A., Robinson, B.A., and Willoughby, T.C., 2001, Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds in Indiana, June-September 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4018, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014018.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","temporalStart":"1999-06-01","temporalEnd":"1999-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424235,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42271.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12876,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/wri01_4018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.067,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -86.067,\n 41.7\n ],\n [\n -88.083,\n 41.7\n ],\n [\n -88.083,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -86.067,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silcox, Cheryl A. casilcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silcox","given":"Cheryl","email":"casilcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Bret A. barobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Bret","email":"barobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willoughby, Timothy C.","contributorId":49404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willoughby","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30898,"text":"wri014015 - 2001 - Hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the intermediate aquifer system in parts of Charlotte, De Soto, and Sarasota counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri014015","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4015","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the intermediate aquifer system in parts of Charlotte, De Soto, and Sarasota counties, Florida","docAbstract":"The hydrogeologic framework underlying the 600-square-mile study area in Charlotte, De Soto, and Sarasota Counties, Florida, consists of the surficial aquifer system, the intermediate aquifer system, and the Upper Floridan aquifer. The hydrogeologic framework and the geochemical processes controlling ground-water composition were evaluated for the study area. Particular emphasis was given to the analysis of hydrogeologic and geochemical data for the intermediate aquifer system. Flow regimes are not well understood in the intermediate aquifer system; therefore, hydrogeologic and geochemical information were used to evaluate connections between permeable zones within the intermediate aquifer system and between overlying and underlying aquifer systems. Knowledge of these connections will ultimately help to protect ground-water quality in the intermediate aquifer system. The hydrogeology was interpreted from lithologic and geophysical logs, water levels, hydraulic properties, and water quality from six separate well sites. Water-quality samples were collected from wells located along six ground-water flow paths and finished at different depth intervals. The selection of flow paths was based on current potentiometric-surface maps. Ground-water samples were analyzed for major ions; field parameters (temperature, pH, specific conductance, and alkalinity); stable isotopes (deuterium, oxygen-18, and carbon-13); and radioactive isotopes (tritium and carbon-14). The surficial aquifer system is the uppermost aquifer, is unconfined, relatively thin, and consists of unconsolidated sand, shell, and limestone. The intermediate aquifer system underlies the surficial aquifer system and is composed of clastic sediments interbedded with carbonate rocks. The intermediate aquifer system is divided into three permeable zones, the Tamiami/Peace River zone (PZ1), the Upper Arcadia zone (PZ2), and the Lower Arcadia zone (PZ3). The Tamiami/Peace River zone (PZ1) is the uppermost zone and is the thinnest and generally, the least productive zone in the intermediate aquifer system. The Upper Arcadia zone (PZ2) is the middle zone and productivity is generally higher than the overlying permeable zone. The Lower Arcadia zone (PZ3) is the lowermost permeable zone and is the most productive zone in the intermediate aquifer system. The intermediate aquifer system is underlain by the Upper Floridan aquifer, which consists of a thick, stratified sequence of limestone and dolomite. The Upper Floridan aquifer is the most productive aquifer in the study area; however, its use is generally restricted because of poor water quality. Interbedded clays and fine-grained clastics separate the aquifer systems and permeable zones. The hydraulic properties of the three aquifer systems are spatially variable. Estimated trans-missivity and horizontal hydraulic conductivity varies from 752 to 32,900 feet squared per day and from 33 to 1,490 feet per day, respectively, for the surficial aquifer system; from 47 to 5,420 feet squared per day and from 2 to 102 feet per day, respectively, for the Tamiami/Peace River zone (PZ1); from 258 to 24,633 feet squared per day and from 2 to 14 feet per day, respectively, for the Upper Arcadia zone (PZ2); from 766 to 44,900 feet squared per day and from 10 to 201 feet per day, respectively, for the Lower Arcadia zone (PZ3); and from 2,350 to 7,640 feet squared per day and from 10 to 41 feet per day, respectively, for the Upper Floridan aquifer. Confining units separating the aquifer systems have leakance coefficients estimated to range from 2.3 x 10-5 to 5.6 x 10-3 feet per day per foot. Strata composing the confining unit separating the Upper Floridan aquifer from the intermediate aquifer system are substantially more permeable than confining units separating the permeable zones in the intermediate aquifer system or separating the surficial aquifer and intermediate aquifer systems. In Charlotte, Sarasota, and western De Soto Counties, hydraulic","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014015","usgsCitation":"Torres, A.E., Sacks, L.A., Yobbi, D.K., Knochenmus, L.A., and Katz, B., 2001, Hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the intermediate aquifer system in parts of Charlotte, De Soto, and Sarasota counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4015, 74 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014015.","productDescription":"74 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2836,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, A. E.","contributorId":94350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sacks, L. A.","contributorId":83092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knochenmus, L. A.","contributorId":60683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":24908,"text":"ofr00310 - 2001 - Concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc measured on the ascending and descending limbs of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff hydrographs for nine water-quality stations, Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-25T20:33:04","indexId":"ofr00310","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-310","title":"Concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc measured on the ascending and descending limbs of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff hydrographs for nine water-quality stations, Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency within the Spokane River Basin of northern Idaho and eastern Washington included extensive data-collection activities to determine the nature and extent of trace-element contamination within the basin. The U.S. Geological Survey designed and implemented synoptic sampling of a high-flow runoff event at selected water-quality stations during the 1999 water year. The objective was to quantify spatial and temporal differences in constituent concentrations and loads over the ascending and descending limbs of a hydrograph depicting a high-flow runoff event. Discharge and water-quality data were collected during spring 1999 snowmelt runoff (May through early June) at nine water-quality stations, one on the North Fork Coeur d’Alene River and eight on the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River. The nine stations were sam- pled for whole-water recoverable and dissolved concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc.\nThe concentrations and loads sampled during the 1999 snowmelt-runoff event represented near-normal conditions, not flood conditions, in that the recurrence interval for discharge near the hydrograph peak was about 2 years. The general trend among the nine stations was an inverse relation between discharge and dissolved concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc, and a direct relation between discharge and whole-water recoverable concentrations of these constituents. The smallest loads of dissolved and whole-water recoverable cadmium, lead, and zinc were measured at South Fork Coeur d’Alene River above Deadman Gulch; constituent concentrations at this site were some of the smallest among those sampled, and discharge was also relatively small. The largest loads of dissolved and whole-water recoverable cadmium, lead, and zinc were measured at South Fork Coeur d’Alene River at Pinehurst; constituent concentrations at this site were large and discharge was the second-largest of all the discharge measurements.\nHysteresis effects on concentrations and loads over the ascending and descending limbs of the snowmelt-runoff hydrograph were quite apparent, especially for whole-water recoverable constituents. Hysteresis is present when a property, such as constituent concentration or load, has different values for a given discharge over the ascending and descending limbs of a hydrograph. During this study, loads of whole-water recoverable constituents on the ascending limb were between 1.5 and 3.6 times larger than those mea- sured on the descending limb at nearly equal discharge. In contrast, dissolved constituents showed minimal hysteresis effects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00310","isbn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 2001, Concentrations and loads of cadmium, lead, and zinc measured on the ascending and descending limbs of the 1999 snowmelt-runoff hydrographs for nine water-quality stations, Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-310, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00310.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262320,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0310/report.pdf"},{"id":262321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0310/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Bunker Hill Superfund;South Fork","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.4998,47.3499 ], [ -116.4998,47.8014 ], [ -115.4985,47.8014 ], [ -115.4985,47.3499 ], [ -116.4998,47.3499 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28710,"text":"wri20004223 - 2001 - The response of the Iao aquifer to ground-water development, rainfall, and land-use practices between 1940 and 1998, Island of Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T21:47:06.477996","indexId":"wri20004223","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4223","title":"The response of the Iao aquifer to ground-water development, rainfall, and land-use practices between 1940 and 1998, Island of Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Ground water pumped from the Iao aquifer has been used for agricultural purposes since 1948, and domestic purposes since 1955. In 1990, the Hawaii State Commission on Water Resource Management established a value of 20 million gallons per day for the sustainable yield of the aquifer. Water-level data from observation wells throughout the aquifer and information on the depth to and thickness of the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater at the Waiehu deep monitor well indicate that pumping rates near the sustainable yield value of 20 million gallons per day could result in saltwater intrusion in some pumped wells.
Since the introduction of pumpage in 1948 and the reduction of recharge in 1980, water levels have declined, chloride concentrations of the pumped water have increased, and the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater has risen. Water levels declined by about 18 feet between 1940 and 1998 in the area near Iao Stream, and by as much as 6 feet between 1977 and 1997 in the vicinity of the major well fields near Waiehu Stream. Chloride concentrations of pumped water have risen at all the well fields, but are presently below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended standard of 250 milligrams per liter. The chloride concentration of water pumped from Mokuhau 2, however, was 460 milligrams per liter in late 1996 when pumping was halted at this well. The midpoint of the transition zone, as measured at the Waiehu deep monitor well, rose by about 108 feet between 1985 and 1998.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004223","usgsCitation":"Meyer, W., and Presley, T.K., 2001, The response of the Iao aquifer to ground-water development, rainfall, and land-use practices between 1940 and 1998, Island of Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4223, v, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004223.","productDescription":"v, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4223.jpg"},{"id":410322,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34828.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.5280361245995,\n 20.92656622577003\n ],\n [\n -156.5280361245995,\n 20.83218229518738\n ],\n [\n -156.48751167217299,\n 20.83218229518738\n ],\n [\n -156.48751167217299,\n 20.92656622577003\n ],\n [\n -156.5280361245995,\n 20.92656622577003\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, William","contributorId":87538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Presley, Todd K. 0000-0001-5851-0634 tkpresle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5851-0634","contributorId":2671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"Todd","email":"tkpresle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69414,"text":"i2693 - 2001 - Geologic map of the MTM 25047 and 20047 quadrangles, central Chryse Planitia/Viking 1 Lander site, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:12:42","indexId":"i2693","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2693","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map of the MTM 25047 and 20047 quadrangles, central Chryse Planitia/Viking 1 Lander site, Mars","docAbstract":"This map uses Viking Orbiter image data and Viking 1 Lander image data to evaluate the geologic history of a part of Chryse Planitia, Mars. The map area lies at the termini of the Maja and Kasei Valles outwash channels and includes the site of the Viking 1 Lander. The photomosaic base for these quadrangles was assembled from 98 Viking Orbiter frames comprising 1204 pixels per line and 1056 lines and ranging in resolution from 20 to 200 m/pixel. These orbital image data were supplemented with images of the surface as seen from the Viking 1 Lander, one of only three sites on the martian surface where planetary geologic mapping is assisted by ground truth.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2693","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Crumpler, L., Craddock, R.A., and Aubele, J., 2001, Geologic map of the MTM 25047 and 20047 quadrangles, central Chryse Planitia/Viking 1 Lander site, Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2693, 1 Map: 95 x 94 cm, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2693.","productDescription":"1 Map: 95 x 94 cm","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438883,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1BUTGWV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Interactive Map: Geologic map of the MTM 25047 and 20047 quadrangles, central Chryse Planitia/Viking 1 Lander site, Mars"},{"id":188359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_2693.jpg"},{"id":6347,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2693/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1004000","projection":"Transverse Mercator","otherGeospatial":"Chryse Planitia;Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crumpler, L.S.","contributorId":81575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craddock, R. A.","contributorId":14900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craddock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aubele, J.C.","contributorId":75638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubele","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70201978,"text":"70201978 - 2001 - Planetary Interactive GIS-on-the-Web Analyzable Database (PIGWAD)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:28:27","indexId":"70201978","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-31T10:27:34","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Planetary Interactive GIS-on-the-Web Analyzable Database (PIGWAD)","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey (USGS) in Flagstaff, Arizona is producing a Web-based, user-friendly interface that integrates powerful Geographic Information Systems (GIS) statistical and spatial relational tools for analyses of planetary datasets. The interface, known as “Planetary Interactive GIS-on-the-Web Analyzable Database” (PIGWAD), provides database support for the research and academic planetary science communities, particularly for geologic mapping and other surface-related investigations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the XXth International Cartographic Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XXth International Cartographic Conference","conferenceDate":"August 6-10, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","publisher":"International Cartographic Conference","usgsCitation":"Hare, T.M., and Tanaka, K.L., 2001, Planetary Interactive GIS-on-the-Web Analyzable Database (PIGWAD), in Proceedings of the XXth International Cartographic Conference, Beijing, China, August 6-10, 2001, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2001/icc2001/defult.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120623,"text":"70120623 - 2001 - A spatially referenced regression model (SPARROW) for suspended sediment in streams of the Conterminous U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-19T23:23:51.512546","indexId":"70120623","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-15T10:38:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A spatially referenced regression model (SPARROW) for suspended sediment in streams of the Conterminous U.S.","docAbstract":"Suspended sediment has long been recognized as an important contaminant affecting water resources. Besides its direct role in determining water clarity, bridge scour and reservoir storage, sediment serves as a vehicle for the transport of many binding contaminants, including nutrients, trace metals, semi-volatile organic compounds, a nd numerous pesticides (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000a). Recent efforts to addr ess water-quality concerns through the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process have iden tified sediment as the single most prevalent cause of impairment in the Nation’s streams a nd rivers (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000b). Moreover, sediment has been identified as a medium for the tran sport and sequestration of organic carbon, playing a potentia lly important role in understa nding sources and sinks in the global carbon budget (Stallard, 1998).
A comprehensive understanding of sediment fate a nd transport is considered essential to the design and implementation of effective plans for sediment management (Osterkamp and others, 1998, U.S. General Accounting Office, 1990). An exte nsive literature addr essing the problem of quantifying sediment transport has produced a nu mber of methods for estimating its flux (see Cohn, 1995, and Robertson and Roerish, 1999, for us eful surveys). The accuracy of these methods is compromised by uncertainty in the concentration measurements and by the highly episodic nature of sediment movement, particul arly when the methods are applied to smaller basins. However, for annual or decadal flux es timates, the methods are generally reliable if calibrated with extended periods of data (Robertson and Roerish, 1999). A substantial literature also supports the Universal Soil Loss Equation (U SLE) (Soil Conservation Service, 1983), an engineering method for estimating sheet and rill erosion, although the empirical credentials of the USLE have recently been questioned (Tri mble and Crosson, 2000). Conversely, relatively little direct evidence is available concerning the fate of sediment. The common practice of quantifying sediment fate with a sediment deliv ery ratio, estimated from a simple empirical relation with upstream basin area, does not artic ulate the relative importance of individual storage sites within a basin (Wolman, 1977). Rates of sediment deposition in reservoirs and flood plains can be determined from empirical measurement s , but only a limited number of sites have been monitored, and net rates of deposition or loss from other potential sinks and sources is largely unknown (Stallard, 1998). In particular, little is known about how much sediment loss from fields ultimately makes its way to stream channels, and how much sediment is subsequently stored in or lost from th e streambed (Meade and Parker, 1985, Trimble and Crosson, 2000).
This paper reports on recent progress made to a ddress empirically the question of sediment fate and transport on a national scale. The model pres ented here is based on the SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attr ibutes (SPARROW) methodology, fi rst used to estimate the distribution of nutrients in str eams and rivers of the United Stat es, and subsequently shown to describe land and stream processes affecting the delivery of nutrients (Smith and others, 1997, Alexander and others, 2000, Preston and Brakeb ill, 1999). The model makes use of numerous spatial datasets, available at the national level, to explain long-term sediment water-quality conditions in major streams and rivers throughou t the United States. Sediment sources are identified using sediment erosion rates from the National Resources I nventory (NRI) (Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2000) and apportioned over the landscape according to 30- meter resolution land-use information from th e National Land Cover Data set (NLCD) (U.S. Geological Survey, 2000a). More than 76,000 reservoirs from the National Inventory of Dams (NID) (U.S. Army Corps of Engin eers, 1996) are identified as pot ential sediment sinks. Other, non-anthropogenic sources and sinks are identified using soil in formation from the State Soil Survey Geographic (STATSGO) data base (Schwarz and Alexander, 1995) and spatial coverages representing surficial rock t ype and vegetative cover. The SPA RROW model empirically relates these diverse spatial datasets to estimates of long-term, mean annual sediment flux computed from concentration and flow measurements co llected over the period 1985 -95 from more than 400 monitoring stations maintained by the Na tional Stream Quality Accounting Network (Alexander and others, 1998), the National Wa ter Quality Assessment Program, and U.S. Geological Survey District offices (Turcios and Gray, in press). Th e calibrated model is used to estimate sediment flux for over 60,000 stream segments included in the River Reach File 1 (RF1) stream network (Alexander and others, 1999).
SPARROW uses statis tical methods to calibrate a simple, structural model of riverine water quality, one that imposes mass ba lance in accounting for changes in contaminant flux. As applied here, the mass-balance approach facilitates the interpretation of model results in terms of physical processes affecting sediment transport, and makes possible the estimation of various rates of sediment generation and loss associated with stream channels and features of the landscape. The statistical approach provides a basi s for assessing the error of these inferred rates and of the error in extrapolated estimates of sediment flux made for streams in the RF1 network. An important implication of the holistic modeling approach adopted in this analysis is that estimates of sediment production and loss ar e based on, and therefore consistent with, measurements of in-stream flux. Other ancillary information, such as direct measurements of long-term sediment storage and release from rese rvoirs (Steffen, 1996), is incorporated into the analysis by specifying additional equations expl aining these ancillary variables. The imposition of cross-equation constraints affords this info rmation a statistically consistent weight in explaining in-stream sediment flux. Thus, the me thodology described here represents a general framework for synthesizing a wide spectrum of available information relevant to the understanding of sediment fate and transport.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, March 25 to 29, 2001, Reno, Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"7th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceDate":"Mar 25-29, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Schwarz, G., Smith, R.A., Alexander, R.B., and Gray, J.R., 2001, A spatially referenced regression model (SPARROW) for suspended sediment in streams of the Conterminous U.S., in Proceedings of the Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, March 25 to 29, 2001, Reno, Nevada, v. II, Reno, NV, Mar 25-29, 2001, p. 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]\n}","volume":"II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec1e4b0bfa1f993eece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157214,"text":"70157214 - 2001 - Satellite images for land cover monitoring - Navigating through the maze","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:00:11","indexId":"70157214","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-10T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Satellite images for land cover monitoring - Navigating through the maze","docAbstract":"Policy makers, managers, scientists and the public can view the changing environment using satellite images. More than 60 Earth observing satellites are collecting images of the Earth's surface. Remote sensing satellite systems for land cover assessment are operated by a growing number of countries including India, the United States, Japan, France, Canada and Russia.
\nThe focus of this publication is satellite systems for land cover monitoring. On the reverse is a table that compares a selection of these systems, whose data are globally available in a form suitable for land cover analysis. We hope the information presented will help you assess the utility of remotely sensed image to meet your needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70157214","collaboration":"UNEP Information for Decision Making Series","usgsCitation":"Kunzer, C., and Fosnight, G., 2001, Satellite images for land cover monitoring - Navigating through the maze, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70157214.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70157214.jpg"},{"id":309563,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157214/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f7efc4e4b05d6c4e4fa99a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunzer, Claudia","contributorId":147668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunzer","given":"Claudia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosnight, Gene 0000-0002-8557-3697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3697","contributorId":147669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fosnight","given":"Gene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30877,"text":"wri004231 - 2001 - Effects of remedial grouting on the ground-water flow system at Red Rock Dam near Pella, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T13:17:50","indexId":"wri004231","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4231","title":"Effects of remedial grouting on the ground-water flow system at Red Rock Dam near Pella, Iowa","docAbstract":"Previous studies have shown direct evidence of under-seepage at Red Rock Dam on the Des Moines River near Pella, Iowa. Underseepage is thought to occur primarily on the northeast side of the dam in the lower bedrock of the St. Louis Limestone, which consists of discontinuous basal evaporite beds and an overlying cavity zone. Because of concerns about the integrity of the dam, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers initiated a remedial grouting program in September 1991. To assess the effectiveness of the remedial grouting program and to evaluate methods for future assessments, a study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
\nPotentiometric surface maps of the overburden and bedrock indicate that the direction of ground-water flow on the northeast side of the dam has changed little from pre-grout to post-grout periods. A comparison of water levels, between a pre-grout date and a post-grout date, shows that water levels decreased but that the decrease may be more attributable to changes in dam operations than to remedial grouting. Waterlevel data for the same two dates indicate that a more gradual potentiometric surface exists on the northeast side of the dam than on the southwest side of the dam, which suggests that the hydraulic connection between Lake Red Rock and downgradient bedrock wells still is greater on the northeast side of the dam than on the southwest side. Hydrographs for some wells on the northeast side of the dam indicated a departure from pre-grout trends at approximately the same time grouting was initiated. To varying degrees, hydrographs for the same wells then appear to return to a trend similar to pre-grout years, possibly as a result of new flow paths developing over time after remedial grouting. Spearman correlation coefficients computed for water levels in wells, pool, and tailwater indicate that some areas on the northeast side of the dam appear to be less under the influence of changing pool elevations after grouting than before grouting. This suggests that the hydraulic connection between the Red Rock pool and some downgradient areas has decreased.
\nAnalysis of water samples collected from selected wells on the northeast side of the dam shows significant increases in sulfate concentrations beginning about the same time remedial grouting was done upgradient from the wells, possibly indicating that flow paths were cut off to these wells, thereby reducing the amount of mixing with fresh reservoir water. Observable changes in chloride concentrations or trends as a result of remedial grouting were not apparent. Analysis results for hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope samples collected since 1995 indicate large seasonal fluctuations of isotope ratios in the tailwater (assumed representative of the reservoir). Similar but more subdued fluctuations were observed at some wells, but other wells appeared to have little seasonal change. Stable sulfur isotope results indicate the presence of distinct water types between Lake Red Rock and in ground water from downgradient bedrock wells. Sulfur isotope values from samples from a bedrock well located upgradient from the grout curtain indicate a mixture of pool and ground water, whereas samples from downgradient overburden wells have values similar to the pool. Samples from the bedrock wells downgradient from the grout curtain have sulfur isotope values similar to a value obtained from analysis of a gypsum and anhydrite core sample.
\nHydrographs, statistical analysis of waterlevel data, and water-chemistry data suggest that underseepage on the northeast side of the dam has been reduced but not completely eliminated. Some areas appear to have been affected to a greater degree and for a longer period of time than other areas. Future monitoring of water levels, water chemistry, and stable isotopes can aid in the evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of remedial grouting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District, Rock Island, Illinois","usgsCitation":"Linhart, S., and Schaap, B.D., 2001, Effects of remedial grouting on the ground-water flow system at Red Rock Dam near Pella, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4231, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004231.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004231.JPG"},{"id":2786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/WRIR_00-4231.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Red Rock Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.96545028686523,\n 41.38212180399892\n ],\n [\n -92.96828269958496,\n 41.3802863707537\n ],\n [\n -92.97055721282959,\n 41.37845088570654\n ],\n [\n -92.97330379486084,\n 41.376518740220305\n ],\n [\n -92.97484874725342,\n 41.37535942537781\n ],\n [\n -92.97738075256348,\n 41.373427188056084\n ],\n [\n -92.98017024993895,\n 41.3712372497054\n ],\n [\n -92.98265933990479,\n 41.36949812849777\n ],\n [\n -92.98527717590332,\n 41.36750130237204\n ],\n [\n -92.98707962036131,\n 41.36595533037855\n ],\n [\n -92.98879623413086,\n 41.36434490382504\n ],\n [\n -92.98892498016357,\n 41.36192918926284\n ],\n [\n -92.98669338226318,\n 41.36128498356731\n ],\n [\n -92.98373222351074,\n 41.36134940442383\n ],\n [\n -92.9814577102661,\n 41.36286327619405\n ],\n [\n -92.98012733459473,\n 41.365053496418994\n ],\n [\n -92.97836780548096,\n 41.366502866327224\n ],\n [\n -92.97660827636719,\n 41.36827427459402\n ],\n [\n -92.97574996948242,\n 41.368982824396916\n ],\n [\n -92.9721450805664,\n 41.37027107699629\n ],\n [\n -92.96729564666748,\n 41.37358821002511\n ],\n [\n -92.96536445617674,\n 41.37481196396403\n ],\n [\n -92.96296119689941,\n 41.37696957930098\n ],\n [\n -92.9622745513916,\n 41.3787729043739\n ],\n [\n -92.96188831329346,\n 41.380640581203295\n ],\n [\n -92.96347618103027,\n 41.38196080315539\n ],\n [\n -92.96545028686523,\n 41.38212180399892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linhart, S. Mike","contributorId":61073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linhart","given":"S. Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaap, Bryan D.","contributorId":63438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaap","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31287,"text":"ofr01169 - 2001 - 2001 floods in the Red River of the North basin in eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-16T10:36:30","indexId":"ofr01169","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-169","title":"2001 floods in the Red River of the North basin in eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota","docAbstract":"The Red River of the North is a complex river system in the north-central plains of the United States. The river continues to impact the people and property within its basin. During the spring of 2001, major flooding occurred for the second time in four years on the Red River of the North and its many tributaries in eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota. Unlike the 1997 floods, which were the result of record-high snowpacks region-wide and a late spring blizzard, the 2001 floods were the result of above-average soil moistures in some areas of the basin, rapid melting of above-average snowpacks in the upper basin, and heavy rainfall that swept across the region on April 7, 2001.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), one of the principal Federal agencies responsible for the collection and interpretation of water-resources data, works with other Federal, State, and local agencies to ensure that accurate and timely data are available for making decisions regarding the public's welfare. This report presents preliminary water-resources 2001 flood data that were obtained from selected streamflow-gaging stations located in the Red River of the North Basin.
Flooding in eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota usually is caused by spring snowmelt, and the severity of the flooding is affected by (1) substantial precipitation in the fall that produces high levels of soil moisture, (2) above-normal snowfall in the winter, (3) moist, frozen ground that prohibits infiltration of moisture, (4) a late spring thaw, (5) above-normal precipitation during spring thaw, and (6) ice jams (temporary dams of ice) on rivers and streams.
Stream stages (height of water in a stream above an arbitrarily established datum) and discharges measured by USGS personnel at streamflow-gaging stations are used to define a unique relation between stage and discharge. This relation, commonly called a rating curve, may not be well defined at extreme high discharges because these discharges are rare events of short duration and have unstable conditions that often make measurement extremely difficult. Therefore, estimates for some peak discharges need to be extrapolated from rating curves extended to known peak stages. The peak discharges are used to determine the probability, often expressed in recurrence intervals, that a given discharge will be exceeded in the future. For example, a flood that has a 1-percent chance of exceedance in any given year would, on the long-term average, be expected to occur only about once a century; therefore, the flood would be termed a \"100-year flood.\" However, the chance of such a flood occurring in any given year is 1 percent. Thus, a 100-year flood can occur in successive years at the same location. In some instances, recurrence interval estimates can be based on periods of regulated flow or made with historic adjustments when historic data are available.
Historical peak stages and peak discharges and the 2001 peak stages, peak discharges, and recurrence intervals are shown in table 1. The streamflow-gaging stations are listed in downstream order by station number, and station locations are shown in figure 1. Revisions to the 2001 peak stages and peak discharges given in this preliminary report may occur as site surveys are completed and additional field data are reviewed in the upcoming months.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01169","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Macek-Rowland, K., 2001, 2001 floods in the Red River of the North basin in eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-169, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01169.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354174,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0169/ofr20010169.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2001–0169"},{"id":161414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0169/report-thumb.jpg"}],"contact":"Nine sedimentation surveys conducted from 1983 to 1998 at Waimaluhia Reservoir determined the rate of sediment accumulation in the reservoir during H-3 Highway construction upstream of the reservoir. Rates of storage-capacity loss ranged from 1.1 acre-feet per year between 1983 and 1988 to 4.9 acre-feet per year between 1988 and 1992. The average loss rate during the period of intensive construction between 1983 to 1992 was 2.7 acre-ft per year. The average loss rate during the study period between 1983 and 1998 equals the design loss rate of 2.0 acre-feet per year. The average bulk density of deposited sediments was 29 pounds per cubic foot. From the bulk density data, loss of storage capacity, and suspended-sediment data collected downstream of the reservoir, a total of 26,950 tons of sediment was delivered to the reservoir from 1983 to 1998, of which 19,100 tons were trapped in the reservoir. From these sediment loads, a sediment yield of 565 tons per square mile per year and trap efficiency of 71 percent were computed. A trap efficiency of 60 percent, bulk density of 65 pounds per cubic foot, and sediment yield of 1,500 tons per square mile per year were used to compute the design loss rate of 2.0 acre-feet per year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014001","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Wong, M.F., 2001, Sedimentation history of Waimaluhia Reservoir during highway construction, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4001, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014001.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2001_4001.jpg"},{"id":403217,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34834.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13745,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu, Waimaluhia Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.83207893371582,\n 21.363570998122675\n ],\n [\n -157.77440071105957,\n 21.363570998122675\n ],\n [\n -157.77440071105957,\n 21.4121622297254\n ],\n [\n -157.83207893371582,\n 21.4121622297254\n ],\n [\n -157.83207893371582,\n 21.363570998122675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Michael F.","contributorId":43815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30695,"text":"fs14900 - 2001 - Water-quality assessment within a drainage control district in southeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"fs14900","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"149-00","title":"Water-quality assessment within a drainage control district in southeastern Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began an extensive ground- and surface-water quality study in July 1989 to define the baseline water quality within a southeastern Florida drainage district and to develop a data base for future water-resource planning and management. Results were published in a USGS report (Lietz, 1996), comparing ground- and surface-water quality data (1989-94) to the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation Class I drinking-water standards. This Fact Sheet presents an additional 4 years of water-quality data and summarizes water-quality trends over the entire 10-year sampling period (1989-98) for selected sites and constituents.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs14900","usgsCitation":"Lietz, A., 2001, Water-quality assessment within a drainage control district in southeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 149-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14900.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3070,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/fs149_00_lietz.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59452,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lietz, A.C.","contributorId":40957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30873,"text":"wri004201 - 2001 - Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1994-96, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T20:20:05.96218","indexId":"wri004201","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4201","title":"Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1994-96, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay","docAbstract":"Irondequoit Creek drains 169 square miles in the eastern part of Monroe County. Nutrients transported by Irondequoit Creek to Irondequoit Bay on Lake Ontario have contributed to the eutrophication of the Bay. Sewage-treatment-plant effluent, a major source of nutrients to the creek and its tributaries, was eliminated from the basin in 1979 by diversion to a regional wastewater-treatment facility, but sediment and contaminants from nonpoint sources continue to enter the creek and Irondequoit Bay.
This report analyzes data from five surface-water monitoring sites in the Irondequoit Creek basin. Irondequoit Creek at Railroad Mills, East Branch Allen Creek at Pittsford, Allen Creek near Rochester, Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road, and Irondequoit Creek at Empire Boulevard. It is the third in a series of reports that present interpretive analyses of the hydrologic data collected in Monroe County since 1984. Also included are data from a site on Northrup Creek, which drains a 23.5-square-mile basin west of the Genesee River in western Monroe County, to provide information on surface-water quality in a stream west of the Genesee River and on loads of nutrients delivered to Long Pond, a small eutrophic embayment of Lake Ontario, and data from the Genesee River for comparison of historical water-quality conditions with 1994-96 conditions. Water-level and water-quality data from nine observation wells in Ellison Park, and atmospheric-deposition data from Mendon Ponds, also are included.
Average annual yields of chemical constituents from atmospheric deposition for 1994-96 were generally similar to those for the previous 10 years (1984-93), except for dissolved sodium, dissolved potassium, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate, which ranged from 42 percent (dissolved sodium) to 275 percent (dissolved potassium) greater than during 1984-93, and dissolved sulfate and ammonia, which were about 30 percent less than in 1984-93.
Loads of all nutrients deposited in the Irondequoit Creek basin from atmospheric sources during water years 1994-96 exceeded those removed by Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road—ammonia by 5,600 percent, orthophosphate by 2,500 percent, ammonia + organic nitrogen by 350 percent, total phosphorus by 300 percent and nitrite + nitrate by 140 percent. Average yields of dissolved chloride and dissolved sulfate from atmospheric deposition were much less than those transported in streamflow—yields of dissolved chloride from atmospheric sources were only 1.9 percent, and yields of sulfate were only 9.2 percent, of those transported in streamflow at Blossom Road.
Concentrations of several chemical constituents in streams of the Irondequoit Creek basin showed statistically significant trends from the beginning of their period of record through 1996. The constituents that showed the greatest number of statistically significant trends were dissolved chloride, ammonia, and ammonia + organic nitrogen. Dissolved chloride showed an upward trend at Blossom Road, Allen Creek, and Empire Boulevard and a downward trend at Railroad Mills. Ammonia showed downward trends at Allen Creek, Blossom Road and Railroad Mills. Ammonia + organic nitrogen showed a downward trend at Allen Creek, Blossom Road, and Empire Boulevard. Nitrite + nitrate showed a downward trend at Allen Creek, and orthophosphate showed an upward trend at that site. Turbidity and total suspended solids showed a downward trend at Empire Boulevard. Neither total phosphorus nor volatile suspended solids showed statistically significant trends in concentration at any of the Irondequoit basin sites.
Northrup Creek showed a downward trend in total suspended solids and ammonia + organic nitrogen, and an upward trend in dissolved chloride. The Genesee River showed a downward trend in ammonia + organic nitrogen and chloride, and an upward trend in orthophosphate.
Most constituents for the 1994-96 water years showed lower average yields at Blossom Road than for the 1989-93 water years, but dissolved chloride showed higher yields for the 1994-96 water years at all sites except Blossom Road. Ammonia + organic nitrogen and total phosphorus showed a decrease in yield at all sites after 1993, and nitrite + nitrate showed slightly higher yields for 1994-96 at the upstream, predominantly rural sites, and lower yields at the downstream, more urban sites, than during 1989-93.
The trends and changes in surface-water quality after 1993 can be attributed to several factors within the basin, including land-use changes, annual and seasonal variations in streamflow, and year-to-year variations in the application of deicing salts on area roads. Statistical analyses of long-term (9 years or more) streamflow records of three unregulated streams in Monroe County indicate that annual mean flows for water years 1994-96 were in the normal range (75th to 25th percentile), although Allen Creek showed a statistically significant downward trend in monthly mean streamflow over the 1984-96 water years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Monroe County Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, D.A., 2001, Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1994-96, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4201, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004201.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401888,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37344.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":324245,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4201/wri20004201.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4201"},{"id":161468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4201/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.3792,43.2748],[-77.3756,43.1898],[-77.3731,43.1221],[-77.3719,43.0329],[-77.4866,43.0321],[-77.4822,42.9431],[-77.5805,42.9438],[-77.635,42.9443],[-77.6374,42.9397],[-77.7582,42.9404],[-77.7602,42.9426],[-77.7583,42.9445],[-77.7527,42.9455],[-77.747,42.9438],[-77.7378,42.9476],[-77.7321,42.9449],[-77.7309,42.9468],[-77.7343,42.9549],[-77.7311,42.9554],[-77.7279,42.9532],[-77.7244,42.9592],[-77.7265,42.9655],[-77.7235,42.9719],[-77.7185,42.9715],[-77.718,42.9738],[-77.7213,42.9797],[-77.7326,42.9818],[-77.731,42.9882],[-77.9101,42.9877],[-77.9098,43.0141],[-77.9068,43.0369],[-77.9527,43.0392],[-77.9083,43.132],[-77.9981,43.1321],[-77.9985,43.2818],[-77.9959,43.3656],[-77.9921,43.3657],[-77.9877,43.3662],[-77.9827,43.3677],[-77.9771,43.3687],[-77.9701,43.3679],[-77.9562,43.3668],[-77.9365,43.3626],[-77.9327,43.3604],[-77.9251,43.3587],[-77.9168,43.3575],[-77.908,43.3572],[-77.9004,43.3565],[-77.8985,43.3551],[-77.894,43.3534],[-77.8902,43.3526],[-77.8737,43.3501],[-77.8592,43.3486],[-77.8523,43.3487],[-77.8333,43.3458],[-77.8149,43.343],[-77.7909,43.3398],[-77.7827,43.3394],[-77.777,43.34],[-77.7733,43.341],[-77.7702,43.3415],[-77.7677,43.3424],[-77.7645,43.3425],[-77.7594,43.3412],[-77.755,43.339],[-77.7486,43.3355],[-77.7409,43.3329],[-77.7339,43.3316],[-77.725,43.3277],[-77.7186,43.3255],[-77.7148,43.3233],[-77.7128,43.3202],[-77.7121,43.3179],[-77.712,43.3161],[-77.712,43.3147],[-77.7126,43.3147],[-77.7145,43.3147],[-77.7152,43.3165],[-77.7178,43.3183],[-77.7216,43.3191],[-77.7247,43.3186],[-77.7278,43.3176],[-77.7291,43.3172],[-77.7284,43.3158],[-77.7252,43.3154],[-77.7214,43.3145],[-77.7189,43.3137],[-77.7176,43.3123],[-77.7181,43.3105],[-77.7181,43.3092],[-77.7105,43.3079],[-77.7079,43.307],[-77.7074,43.3084],[-77.7087,43.3102],[-77.7081,43.3107],[-77.7049,43.3098],[-77.6953,43.3041],[-77.676,43.2916],[-77.6619,43.2832],[-77.6555,43.2797],[-77.6479,43.2775],[-77.639,43.275],[-77.6243,43.2679],[-77.6166,43.2635],[-77.6032,43.256],[-77.5821,43.2463],[-77.5643,43.2393],[-77.5535,43.2367],[-77.5428,43.2351],[-77.539,43.2356],[-77.5359,43.2356],[-77.5272,43.2385],[-77.5135,43.2451],[-77.508,43.2479],[-77.5055,43.2489],[-77.5017,43.2494],[-77.4973,43.249],[-77.4873,43.2505],[-77.4779,43.2538],[-77.4717,43.2562],[-77.4586,43.2587],[-77.4448,43.2616],[-77.4318,43.2673],[-77.4262,43.2701],[-77.4199,43.2697],[-77.4105,43.2703],[-77.403,43.2713],[-77.3961,43.2746],[-77.3886,43.2761],[-77.3792,43.2748]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Monroe\",\"state\":\"NY\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Simple but effective models are needed for the prediction of rainfall interception under a full range of environmental and management conditions. The Liu model was validated using data published in the literature and was compared with two leading models in the literature: the Rutter and the Gash models. The Liu model was tested against the Rutter model on a single-storm basis with interception measurements observed from an old-growth Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest in Oregon, USA. Simulated results by the Liu model were close to the measurements and comparable to those predicted by the Rutter model. The Liu model was further tested against the Gash model on a multistorm basis. The Gash and Liu models successfully predicted long-term interception losses from a broad range of 20 forests around the world. Results also indicated that both the Gash and the Liu models could be used to predict rainfall interception using daily rainfall data, although it was assumed in both models that there is only one storm per rain day. The sensitivity of the Liu model to stand storage capacity, canopy gap fraction and evaporation rate from wet canopy surface during rainfall was investigated. Results indicate that the Liu model has the simplest form, least data requirements and comparable accuracy for predicting rainfall interception as compared with the Rutter and the Gash models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.264","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., 2001, Evaluation of the Liu model for predicting rainfall interception in forests world-wide: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 2, p. 2341-1360, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.264.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2341","endPage":"1360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b8e4b0f42e3d040e0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31233,"text":"ofr0173 - 2001 - Summary of trends and status analysis for flow, nutrients, and sediments at selected nontidal sites, Chesapeake Bay basin, 1985-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T09:13:28","indexId":"ofr0173","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-73","title":"Summary of trends and status analysis for flow, nutrients, and sediments at selected nontidal sites, Chesapeake Bay basin, 1985-99","docAbstract":"Water-quality and flow data from 31 sites in nontidal portions of the Chesapeake Bay Basin were analyzed to document annual nutrient and sediment loads and trends for the period 1985 through 1999 as part of an annual reevaluation and reporting for the Chesapeake Bay Program. Annual loads were estimated by use of the U.S. Geological Survey ESTIMATOR model. Trends were estimated using linear regression. Trends were reported for monthly mean flow, monthly load, flow-adjusted concentration, and flow-weighted concentration. Median yields and concentrations were calculated to help facilitate comparisons between basins. The drought of 1999 had pronounced effects on trend results. The trend in flow increased at 4 of the 31 sites, 8 fewer sites than in 1998. Ten less significant trends were estimated for nutrient and sediment loads compared to 1985-98. Trends in flow-weighted and flow-adjusted concentrations varied little by nutrient species and geographic location. Trends were generally downward or not significant for both the nitrogen and phosphorus species throughout the Chesapeake Bay Basin. Trends in flow-adjusted concentration indicated downward trends at most sites for nutrients and about half the sites for sediments, an indication that management actions are reducing nutrient and sediment concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0173","usgsCitation":"Langland, M., Edwards, R.E., Sprague, L., and Yochum, S., 2001, Summary of trends and status analysis for flow, nutrients, and sediments at selected nontidal sites, Chesapeake Bay basin, 1985-99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-73, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0173.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0073/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2802,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0073/ofr20010073.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2001-0073"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070