Sylvatic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is periodically responsible for large die-offs in rodent populations that can spillover and cause human mortalities. In the western US, prairie dog populations experience nearly 100% mortality during plague outbreaks, suggesting that multiple transmission pathways combine to amplify plague dynamics. Several alternate pathways in addition to flea vectors have been proposed, such as transmission via direct contact with bodily fluids or inhalation of infectious droplets, consumption of carcasses, and environmental sources of plague bacteria, such as contaminated soil. However, evidence supporting the ability of these proposed alternate pathways to trigger large-scale epizootics remains elusive. Here we present a short review of potential plague transmission pathways and use an ordinary differential equation model to assess the contribution of each pathway to resulting plague dynamics in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and their fleas (Oropsylla hirsuta). Using our model, we found little evidence to suggest that soil contamination was capable of producing plague epizootics in prairie dogs. However, in the absence of flea transmission, direct transmission, i.e., contact with bodily fluids or inhalation of infectious droplets, could produce enzootic dynamics, and transmission via contact with or consumption of carcasses could produce epizootics. This suggests that these pathways warrant further investigation.
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D. 0000-0003-2834-9477","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-9477","contributorId":170005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richgels","given":"Katherine L. D.","affiliations":[{"id":25647,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of 4 Pathobiological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303 rerussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":3998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin","email":"rerussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bron, Gebbiena","contributorId":170006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bron","given":"Gebbiena","affiliations":[{"id":25647,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of 4 Pathobiological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171171,"text":"ofr20161087 - 2016 - Mortality monitoring design for utility-scale solar power facilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T15:52:36","indexId":"ofr20161087","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-27T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1087","title":"Mortality monitoring design for utility-scale solar power facilities","docAbstract":"Solar power represents an important and rapidly expanding component of the renewable energy portfolio of the United States (Lovich and Ennen, 2011; Hernandez and others, 2014). Understanding the impacts of renewable energy development on wildlife is a priority for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in compliance with Department of Interior Order No. 3285 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 2009) to “develop best management practices for renewable energy and transmission projects on the public lands to ensure the most environmentally responsible development and delivery of renewable energy.” Recent studies examining effects of renewable energy development on mortality of migratory birds have primarily focused on wind energy (California Energy Commission and California Department of Fish and Game, 2007), and in 2012 the FWS published guidance for addressing wildlife conservation concerns at all stages of land-based wind energy development (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2012). As yet, no similar guidelines exist for solar development, and no published studies have directly addressed the methodology needed to accurately estimate mortality of birds and bats at solar facilities. In the absence of such guidelines, ad hoc methodologies applied to solar energy projects may lead to estimates of wildlife mortality rates that are insufficiently accurate and precise to meaningfully inform conversations regarding unintended consequences of this energy source and management decisions to mitigate impacts. Although significant advances in monitoring protocols for wind facilities have been made in recent years, there remains a need to provide consistent guidance and study design to quantify mortality of bats, and resident and migrating birds at solar power facilities (Walston and others, 2015).
In this document, we suggest methods for mortality monitoring at solar facilities that are based on current methods used at wind power facilities but adapted for the unique conditions encountered at solar facilities. In particular, unlike at wind-power facilities, the unimpeded access to almost all areas within the facilities, the typically flat terrain, and general absence of thick vegetation allow distance-sampling techniques (Buckland and others, 2001, 2004) to be exploited to advantage at industrial solar sites. These protocols build on the work of Nicolai and others (2011), and as our understanding and techniques for monitoring improve, the methods may be further modified to incorporate improvements in the future. We present case studies based on monitoring methods currently implemented at different utility-scale solar facilities to illustrate how distance-sampling techniques may improve overall detectability without substantially increasing costs. Every facility is unique, and the protocols presented may be adapted based on specific monitoring objectives and conditions at each site.
We provide guidance for designing monitoring programs whose objective it is to estimate the total number of bird and bat fatalities occurring at a facility over an extended period of time. We address spatial variation in causes of mortality, as well as potential sources of imperfect detection, for example, animals falling in or moving to unsearched areas, carcasses removed by predators, and carcasses missed by searchers. We suggest methods to estimate and account for each source of imperfect detection. This document focuses on monitoring design only and does not discuss approaches for estimating mortality from collected data. The development of statistically sound estimators relevant to the solar context is a current topic of research, although there are already strong foundations for estimation with distance-sampling methods in similar open, arid environments (Anderson and others, 2001; Freilich and others, 2005). Nonetheless, if protocols described in this document are followed, the resulting data will be adequate and sufficient for estimating mortality using newly formulated estimators.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Huso, Manuela, Dietsch, Thomas, and Nicolai, Chris, 2016, Mortality monitoring design for utility-scale solar power facilities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1087, 44 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161087.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073911","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321633,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1087/ofr20161087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1087 Report PDF"},{"id":321632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1087/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
http://fresc.usgs.gov/
The California horn snail, Cerithideopsis californica, and the shore crabs, Pachygrapsus crassipesand Hemigrapsus oregonensis, compete for epibenthic microalgae, but the crabs also eat snails. Such intraguild predation is common in nature, despite models predicting instability. Using a series of manipulations and field surveys, we examined intraguild predation from several angles, including the effects of stage-dependent predation along with direct consumptive and nonconsumptive predator effects on intraguild prey. In the laboratory, we found that crabs fed on macroalgae, snail eggs, and snails, and the size of consumed snails increased with predator crab size. In field experiments, snails grew less in the presence of crabs partially because snails behaved differently and were buried in the sediment (nonconsumptive effects). Consistent with these results, crab and snail abundances were negatively correlated in three field surveys conducted at three different spatial scales in estuaries of California, Baja California, and Baja California Sur: (1) among 61 sites spanning multiple habitat types in three estuaries, (2) among the habitats of 13 estuaries, and (3) among 34 tidal creek sites in one estuary. These results indicate that shore crabs are intraguild predators on California horn snails that affect snail populations via predation and by influencing snail behavior and performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1262","usgsCitation":"Lorda, J., Hechinger, R.F., Cooper, S., Kuris, A., and Lafferty, K.D., 2016, Intraguild predation by shore crabs affects mortality, behavior, growth, and densities of California horn snails: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 5, e01262; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1262.","productDescription":"e01262; 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069609","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1262","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5749619ce4b07e28b6650f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorda, J.","contributorId":74717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorda","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hechinger, R. F.","contributorId":83864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hechinger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, S. D.","contributorId":169662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuris, A. M.","contributorId":101203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"A. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70171338,"text":"70171338 - 2016 - Paying the pipers: Mitigating the impact of anticoagulant rodenticides on predators and scavengers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:24:54","indexId":"70171338","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-27T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paying the pipers: Mitigating the impact of anticoagulant rodenticides on predators and scavengers","docAbstract":"Anticoagulant rodenticides, mainly second-generation forms, or SGARs, dominate the global market for rodent control. Introduced in the 1970s to counter genetic resistance in rodent populations to first-generation compounds such as warfarin, SGARs are extremely toxic and highly effective killers. However, their tendency to persist and accumulate in the body has led to the widespread contamination of terrestrial predators and scavengers. Commercial chemicals that are classified by regulators as persistent, bio-accumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals and that are widely used with potential environmental release, such as dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have been removed from commerce. However, despite consistently failing ecological risk assessments, SGARs remain in use because of the demand for effective rodent-control options and the lack of safe and humane alternatives. Although new risk-mitigation measures for rodenticides are now in effect in some countries, the contamination and poisoning of nontarget wildlife are expected to continue. Here, we suggest options to further attenuate this problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biw028","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J., Rattner, B.A., Shore, R.F., and van den Brink, N.W., 2016, Paying the pipers: Mitigating the impact of anticoagulant rodenticides on predators and scavengers: BioScience, v. 66, no. 5, p. 401-407, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw028.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"407","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055450","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5749619de4b07e28b6650fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, John E.","contributorId":127368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"John E.","affiliations":[{"id":6779,"text":"Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shore, Richard F.","contributorId":127369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shore","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6919,"text":"Natural Environment Research Council, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van den Brink, Nico W.","contributorId":39229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Brink","given":"Nico","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171343,"text":"70171343 - 2016 - Holocene evolution of diatom and silicoflagellate paleoceanography in Slocum Arm, a fjord in southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T11:24:30","indexId":"70171343","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-27T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene evolution of diatom and silicoflagellate paleoceanography in Slocum Arm, a fjord in southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"Diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages in cores EW0408-47JC, -47TC, -46MC (57° 34.5278′ N, 136° 3.7764′ W, 114 m water depth) taken from the outer portion of Slocum Arm, a post-glacial fjord in southeastern Alaska, reveal the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic evolution of the eastern margin of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) during the past 10,000 years. Between ~ 10 and 6.8 cal ka, periods of low salinity and cool water conditions alternated with brief intervals marked by the increased influx of oceanic, more saline and likely warmer waters. Increased surface water stability characterized by a middle Holocene interval between ~ 6.8 and 3.2 cal ka is typified by increased abundances of northeastern Pacific Thalassiosira spp. that are indicative of spring coastal blooms and decreased abundances of warm and higher salinity oceanic diatoms. At ~ 3.2 cal ka, an abrupt increase in both the relative contribution of oceanic diatoms and silicoflagellates suggestive of cooler upwelling conditions occurred in the -47JC record. A stepwise increase in alkenone sea surface temperature in northern GoA core EW0408-85JC and increase in southern sourced precipitation in the carbonate δ18O record of Jellybean Lake (Yukon) present evidence that this ~ 3.2 cal ka event coincided with the onset of enhanced positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation-like (PDO) conditions in the GoA. These positive PDO-like conditions persisted until ~ 1.0 cal ka and were followed by high amplitude fluctuations in the relative abundance of diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.05.002","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Bukry, D., Addison, J.A., and Ager, T.A., 2016, Holocene evolution of diatom and silicoflagellate paleoceanography in Slocum Arm, a fjord in southeastern Alaska: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 126, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.05.002.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069645","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.05.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5749619be4b07e28b6650f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ager, Thomas A. 0000-0002-5029-7581 tager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-7581","contributorId":736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"Thomas","email":"tager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175242,"text":"70175242 - 2016 - Seasonal and diel effects on acoustic fish biomass estimates: application to a shallow reservoir with untargeted common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T11:07:09","indexId":"70175242","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-27T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2681,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and diel effects on acoustic fish biomass estimates: application to a shallow reservoir with untargeted common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","docAbstract":"The aim of the present study was to understand how seasonal fish distributions affect acoustically derived fish biomass estimates in a shallow reservoir in a semi-arid country (Tunisia). To that end, sampling events were performed during four seasons (spring (June), summer (September), autumn (December) and winter (March)) that included day and night surveys. A Simrad EK60 echosounder, equipped with two 120-kHz split-beam transducers for simultaneous horizontal and vertical beaming, was used to sample the entire water column. Surveys during spring and summer and daytime hours of winter were deemed unusable owing to high methane flux from the sediment, and during the day survey of autumn, fish were close to the reservoir bottom leading to low detectability. It follows that acoustic surveys should be conducted only at night during the cold season (December–March) for shallow reservoirs having carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) as the dominant species. Further, night-time biomass estimates during the cold season declined significantly (P < 0.001) from autumn to winter. Based on our autumn night-time survey, overall fish biomass in the Bir-Mcherga Reservoir was high (mean (± s.d.) 185 ± 98 tonnes (Mg)), but annual fishery exploitation is low (19.3–24.1 Mg) because the fish biomass is likely dominated by invasive carp not targeted by fishers. The results suggest that controlling carp would help improve the fishery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization","publisherLocation":"East Melbourne","doi":"10.1071/MF15249","usgsCitation":"Djemali, I., Yule, D., and Guillard, J., 2016, Seasonal and diel effects on acoustic fish biomass estimates: application to a shallow reservoir with untargeted common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 68, no. 3, p. 528-537, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15249.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"537","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065134","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315d0e4b006cb45558b91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Djemali, Imed","contributorId":173403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Djemali","given":"Imed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27225,"text":"Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel 0000-0002-0117-5115 dyule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":139532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guillard, Jean","contributorId":8385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillard","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171307,"text":"70171307 - 2016 - Quantitative evidence for the effects of multiple drivers on continental-scale amphibian declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T11:41:23","indexId":"70171307","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-27T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative evidence for the effects of multiple drivers on continental-scale amphibian declines","docAbstract":"Since amphibian declines were first proposed as a global phenomenon over a quarter century ago, the conservation community has made little progress in halting or reversing these trends. The early search for a “smoking gun” was replaced with the expectation that declines are caused by multiple drivers. While field observations and experiments have identified factors leading to increased local extinction risk, evidence for effects of these drivers is lacking at large spatial scales. Here, we use observations of 389 time-series of 83 species and complexes from 61 study areas across North America to test the effects of 4 of the major hypothesized drivers of declines. While we find that local amphibian populations are being lost from metapopulations at an average rate of 3.79% per year, these declines are not related to any particular threat at the continental scale; likewise the effect of each stressor is variable at regional scales. This result - that exposure to threats varies spatially, and populations vary in their response - provides little generality in the development of conservation strategies. Greater emphasis on local solutions to this globally shared phenomenon is needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep25625","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Miller, D.A., Schmidt, B.R., Adams, M.J., Amburgey, S.M., Chambert, T.A., Cruickshank, S.S., Fisher, R.N., Green, D.M., Hossack, B.R., Johnson, P.T., Joseph, M.B., Rittenhouse, T., Ryan, M., Waddle, J.H., Walls, S.C., Bailey, L., Fellers, G.M., Gorman, T.A., Ray, A.M., Pilliod, D., Price, S.J., Saenz, D., Sadinski, W., and Muths, E.L., 2016, Quantitative evidence for the effects of multiple drivers on continental-scale amphibian declines: Scientific Reports, v. 6, Article 25625; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25625.","productDescription":"Article 25625; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069213","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25625","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5749619de4b07e28b6650fa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell ehgrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":3696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David A. W.","contributorId":126732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A. W.","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Benedikt R.","contributorId":151239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Benedikt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, M. 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Local knowledge of biological invasions has proven beneficial for invasive species research, but to date no work has integrated this knowledge with species distribution modeling for invasion risk assessments. In this study, we integrated pastoral knowledge with Maxent modeling to assess the suitable habitat and potential impacts of invasive Cryptostegia grandiflora Robx. Ex R.Br. (rubber vine) in Ethiopia’s Afar region. We conducted focus groups with seven villages across the Amibara and Awash-Fentale districts. Pastoral knowledge revealed the growing threat of rubber vine, which to date has received limited attention in Ethiopia, and whose presence in Afar was previously unknown to our team. Rubber vine occurrence points were collected in the field with pastoralists and processed in Maxent with MODIS-derived vegetation indices, topographic data, and anthropogenic variables. We tested model fit using a jackknife procedure and validated the final model with an independent occurrence data set collected through participatory mapping activities with pastoralists. A Multivariate Environmental Similarity Surface analysis revealed areas with novel environmental conditions for future targeted surveys. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and showed good fit across the jackknife models (average AUC = 0.80) and the final model (test AUC = 0.96). Our results reveal the growing threat rubber vine poses to Afar, with suitable habitat extending downstream of its current known location in the middle Awash River basin. Local pastoral knowledge provided important context for its rapid expansion due to acute changes in seasonality and habitat alteration, in addition to threats posed to numerous endemic tree species that provide critical provisioning ecosystem services. 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Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dietze, Julie E. 0000-0002-5936-5739 juliec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-5739","contributorId":3939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietze","given":"Julie","email":"juliec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Griffith, Christopher cgriffith@usgs.gov","contributorId":169687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgriffith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70157167,"text":"cir1412 - 2016 - Baylisascaris Larva Migrans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T15:04:19.639944","indexId":"cir1412","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-26T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1412","displayTitle":"Baylisascaris Larva Migrans","title":"Baylisascaris Larva Migrans","docAbstract":"Baylisascaris procyonis, the common raccoon roundworm, is the most commonly recognized cause of clinical larva migrans (LM) in animals, a condition in which an immature parasitic worm or larva migrates in a host animal’s tissues, causing obvious disease. Infection with B. procyonis is best known as a cause of fatal or severe neurologic disease that results when the larvae invade the brain, the spinal cord, or both; this condition is known as neural larva migrans (NLM). Baylisascariasis is a zoonotic disease, that is, one that is transmissible from animals to humans. In humans, B. procyonis can cause damaging visceral (VLM), ocular (OLM), and neural larva migrans. Due to the ubiquity of infected raccoons around humans, there is considerable human exposure and risk of infection with this parasite. The remarkable disease-producing capability of B. procyonis in animals and humans is one of the most significant aspects of the biology of ascarids (large roundworms) to come to light in recent years. Infection with B. procyonis has important health implications for a wide variety of free-ranging and captive wildlife, zoo animals, domestic animals, as well as human beings, on both an individual and population level. This report, eighth in the series of U.S. Geological Survey Circulars on zoonotic diseases, will help us to better understand the routes of Baylisascaris procyonis infections and how best to adequately monitor this zoonotic disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1412","usgsCitation":"Kazacos, K.R., 2016, Baylisascaris Larva Migrans: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1412, 122 p., 3 appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1412.","productDescription":"x, 122 p.","numberOfPages":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048927","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1412/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1412/cir1412.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1412"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711-6223
Or visit our Web site at:
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/
Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey are improving and developing new ground-based remote-sensing instruments and techniques to study how Earth’s vegetation responds to changing climates. Do seasonal grasslands and forests “green up” early (or late) and grow more (or less) during unusually warm years? How do changes in temperature and precipitation affect these patterns? Innovations in ground-based remote-sensing instrumentation can help us understand, assess, and mitigate the effects of climate change on vegetation and related land resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163013","usgsCitation":"Dye, D.G., and Bogle, R.C., 2016, Improved ground-based remote-sensing systems help monitor plant response to climate and other changes: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3013, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163013.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051232","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321478,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3013/fs20163013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3013"},{"id":321477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3013/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Western Geographic Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 North Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1637
http://geography.wr.usgs.gov
Phytoplankton communities in freshwater lakes, ponds, and reservoirs may be dominated by cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae) under certain environmental conditions. Cyanobacteria may cause a range of water-quality impairments, including the potential for toxin production. Cyanobacteria toxins (cyanotoxins) may adversely impact human and ecological health. Microcystins are considered to be one of the most commonly found classes of cyanotoxins in freshwater ecosystems, and as such were selected as a recreational indicator of water quality for the 2007 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Lakes Assessment. However, much less is known about the occurrence of other classes of cyanotoxins in fresh surface water such as anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, nodularins, and saxitoxins.
\nThe 2007 National Lakes Assessment followed a probabilistic study design and was directed by the EPA, in partnership with States, Tribes, and other federal agencies of the United States, to provide an assessment of water quality in the Nation’s lakes, ponds, and reservoirs based on trophic status, and ecological and recreational indicators. Integrated photic zone samples were collected by the EPA, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), States, and Tribes in target water bodies, generally at their deepest point, and analyzed for microcystins by the U.S. Geological Survey. The USGS assisted with this survey by providing technical expertise and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of microcystins for all survey samples as an indicator for recreational water quality. A small subset of samples (n=27) was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) by the USGS. Additionally, through partnership with the EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), USGS analyzed all frozen samples by ELISA for two other classes of cyanotoxins, cylindrospermopsins and saxitoxins. Total cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, and saxitoxins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 1,331 samples from 1,161 lakes.
\nSamples from this study had detection frequencies of 4.0, 32 (unweighted), and 7.6 percent, mean concentrations (detections only) of 0.56, 3.0, and 0.061 micrograms/L (μg/L), and maximum concentrations of 4.4, 230, and 0.38 μg/L for cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, and saxitoxins by ELISA, respectively in visit 1 and visit 2 samples. Microcystin ELISA results were categorized based on World Health Organization recreational surface-water guidelines for the relative probability of adverse health impacts because of microcystin exposure. The dataset described in this report is the first ever national reconnaissance of cyanotoxins in the United States.
\nAt least one microcystin congener was detected by LC/MS/MS in 52 percent of the 27 samples analyzed at a concentration greater than the LC/MS/MS minimum reporting level (MRL) of 0.010 μg/L and included detections for microcystin-LA, microcystin-LR, microcystin-LY, microcystin-RR, and microcystin-YR. Anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, and nodularin-R were detected in 15 percent, 7 percent, and 4 percent of samples, respectively, at concentrations above 0.010 μg/L. Deoxycylindrospermopsin, domoic acid, lyngbyatoxin-a, microcystin-LF, microcystin-LW, and okadaic acid were not detected in the LC/MS/MS subset.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds929","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, States, and Tribes","usgsCitation":"Loftin, K.A., Dietze, J.E, Meyer, M.T., Graham, J.L, Maksimowicz, M.M., and Toyne, K.D., 2016, Total cylindrospermopsins, microcystins/nodularins, and saxitoxins data for the 2007 United States Environmental Protection Agency National Lake Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 929, 9 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds929.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 7 p.; Appendixes 1-10","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053397","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0929/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318374,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0929/ds929_appendixes.xls","text":"Appendixes 1–10","size":"1.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 929 Appendix"},{"id":318373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0929/ds929.pdf","text":"Report","size":"794 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 929"}],"contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
On average, the Nisqually River delivers about 100,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of suspended sediment to Puget Sound, western Washington, a small proportion of the estimated 1,200,000 metric tons (t) of sediment reported to flow in the upper Nisqually River that drains the glaciated, recurrently active Mount Rainier stratovolcano. Most of the upper Nisqually River sediment load is trapped in Alder Lake, a reservoir completed in 1945. For water year 2011 (October 1, 2010‒September 30, 2011), daily sediment and continuous turbidity data were used to determine that 106,000 t of suspended sediment were delivered to Puget Sound, and 36 percent of this load occurred in 2 days during a typical winter storm. Of the total suspended-sediment load delivered to Puget Sound in the water year 2011, 47 percent was sand (particle size >0.063 millimeters), and the remainder (53 percent) was silt and clay. A sediment-transport curve developed from suspended-sediment samples collected from July 2010 to November 2011 agreed closely with a curve derived in 1973 using similar data-collection methods, indicating that similar sediment-transport conditions exist. The median annual suspended-sediment load of 73,000 t (water years 1980–2014) is substantially less than the average load, and the correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.80, p = 8.1E-9, n=35) between annual maximum 2-day sediment loads and normalized peak discharges for the period indicates the importance of wet years and associated peak discharges of the lower Nisqually River for sediment delivery to Puget Sound. The magnitude of peak discharges in the lower Nisqually River generally is suppressed by flow regulation, and relative to other free-flowing, glacier-influenced rivers entering Puget Sound, the Nisqually River delivers proportionally less sediment because of upstream sediment trapping from dams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nisqually Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Grossman, E.E., Magirl, C.S., and Foreman, J.R., 2016, Suspended sediment delivery to Puget Sound from the lower Nisqually River, western Washington, July 2010–November 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5062, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165062.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Appendixes A-D","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059554","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321772,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_d.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"28 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix D"},{"id":321769,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_a.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"97 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix A"},{"id":321770,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_b.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix B"},{"id":321771,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_c.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"23 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix C"},{"id":321702,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062"},{"id":321701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Nisqually River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9,\n 46.62\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 47.166666\n ],\n [\n -121.6,\n 47.166666\n ],\n [\n -121.6,\n 46.62\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 46.62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Research conducted by scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey provides reliable scientific information for the management of wetlands ranging from small freshwater alpine lakes in the Western United States to coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes and salt marshes along the Southeastern coast. Learn more about USGS wetlands research at: http://www.usgs.gov/ecosystems/environments/wetlands.html.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip163","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.C., 2016, Wetlands postcard: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 163, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/gip163.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074579","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0163/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":321167,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0163/gip163.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 163"}],"contact":"Science Advisor, Environments Program
Ecosystems Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
301 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Association to Preserve Cape Cod, the Cape Cod Commission, and the Massachusetts Environmental Trust, began an evaluation of the potential effects of sea-level rise on water table altitudes and depths to water on central and western Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Increases in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures arising, in part, from the release of greenhouse gases likely will result in higher sea levels globally. Increasing water table altitudes in shallow, unconfined coastal aquifer systems could adversely affect infrastructure—roads, utilities, basements, and septic systems—particularly in low-lying urbanized areas. The Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses on Cape Cod are the largest and most populous of the six flow lenses that comprise the region’s aquifer system, the Cape Cod glacial aquifer. The potential effects of sea-level rise on water table altitude and depths to water were evaluated by use of numerical models of the region. The Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses have a number of large surface water drainages that receive a substantial amount of groundwater discharge, 47 and 29 percent of the total, respectively. The median increase in the simulated water table altitude following a 6-foot sea-level rise across both flow lenses was 2.11 feet, or 35 percent when expressed as a percentage of the total sea-level rise. The response is nearly the same as the sea-level rise (6 feet) in some coastal areas and less than 0.1 foot near some large inland streams. Median water table responses differ substantially between the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses—at 29 and 49 percent, respectively—because larger surface water discharge on the Sagamore flow lens results in increased dampening of the water table response than in the Monomoy flow lens. Surface waters dampen water table altitude increases because streams are fixed-altitude boundaries that cause hydraulic gradients and streamflow to increase as sea-level rises, partially fixing the local water table altitude.
The region has a generally thick vadose zone with a mean of about 38 feet; areas with depths to water of 5 feet or less, as estimated from light detection and ranging (lidar) data from 2011 and simulated water table altitudes, currently [2011] occur over about 24.9 square miles, or about 8.4 percent of the total land area of the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, generally in low-lying coastal areas and inland near ponds and streams. Excluding potentially submerged areas, an additional 4.5, 9.8, and 15.9 square miles would have shallow depths to water (5 feet or less) for projected sea-level rises of 2, 4, and 6 feet above levels in 2011. The additional areas with shallow depths to water generally occur in the same areas as the areas with current [2011] depths to water of 5 feet or less: low-lying coastal areas and near inland surface water features. Additional areas with shallow depths to water for the largest sea-level rise prediction (6 feet) account for about 5.7 percent of the total land area, excluding areas likely to be inundated by seawater. The numerous surface water drainages will dampen the response of the water table to sea-level rise. This dampening, combined with the region’s thick vadose zone, likely will mitigate the potential for groundwater inundation in most areas. The potential does exist for groundwater inundation in some areas, but the effects of sea-level rise on depths to water and infrastructure likely will not be substantial on a regional level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Association to Preserve Cape Cod, the Cape Cod Commission, and the Massachusetts Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., McCobb, T.D., Masterson, J.P., and Fienen, M.N., 2016, Potential effects of sea-level rise on the depth to saturated sediments of the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses on Cape Cod, Massachusetts (ver. 1.1, October 18, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5058, 55 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165058.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071028","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5058/sir20165058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5058"},{"id":321215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5058/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":329663,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5058/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.69427490234375,\n 41.509605687197975\n ],\n [\n -70.69427490234375,\n 42.10943017110108\n ],\n [\n -69.90463256835938,\n 42.10943017110108\n ],\n [\n -69.90463256835938,\n 41.509605687197975\n ],\n [\n -70.69427490234375,\n 41.509605687197975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted May 25, 2016; Version 1.1: October 25,2016","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
Efforts to improve fish passage have resulted in the replacement of six culverts in Crystal Springs Creek in Portland, Oregon. Two more culverts are scheduled to be replaced at Glenwood Street and Bybee Boulevard (Glenwood/Bybee project) in 2016. Recently acquired data have allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of the hydrology of the creek and the topography of the watershed. To evaluate the impact of the culvert replacements and recent hydrologic data, a Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System hydraulic model was developed to estimate water-surface elevations during high-flow events. Longitudinal surface-water profiles were modeled to evaluate current conditions and future conditions using the design plans for the culverts to be installed in 2016. Additional profiles were created to compare with the results from the most recent flood model approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency for Crystal Springs Creek and to evaluate model sensitivity.
Model simulation results show that water-surface elevations during high-flow events will be lower than estimates from previous models, primarily due to lower estimates of streamflow associated with the 0.01 and 0.002 annual exceedance probability (AEP) events. Additionally, recent culvert replacements have resulted in less ponding behind crossings. Similarly, model simulation results show that the proposed replacement culverts at Glenwood Street and Bybee Boulevard will result in lower water-surface elevations during high-flow events upstream of the proposed project. Wider culverts will allow more water to pass through crossings, resulting in slightly higher water-surface elevations downstream of the project during high-flows than water-surface elevations that would occur under current conditions. For the 0.01 AEP event, the water-surface elevations downstream of the Glenwood/Bybee project will be an average of 0.05 ft and a maximum of 0.07 ft higher than current conditions. Similarly, for the 0.002 AEP event, the water-surface elevations will be an average of 0.04 ft and a maximum of 0.19 ft higher than current conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Stonewall, Adam, and Hess, Glen, 2016, Evaluation of flood inundation in Crystal Springs Creek, Portland, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1079, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161079.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; Plate: 24.00 x 36.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052885","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1079/ofr20161079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1079 Report PDF"},{"id":321612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1079/ofr20161079_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"9.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1079 Plate 1 PDF"},{"id":321610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1079/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Crystal Springs Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.62,\n 45.45\n ],\n [\n -122.62,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -122.65,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -122.65,\n 45.45\n ],\n [\n -122.62,\n 45.45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
During 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected groundwater samples from 31 wells at or near the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) at the Idaho National Laboratory for purgeable organic compounds (POCs). The samples were collected and analyzed for the purpose of evaluating whether purge water from wells located inside an areal polygon established downgradient of the INTEC must be treated as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act listed waste.
POC concentrations in water samples from 29 of 31 wells completed in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer were greater than their detection limit, determined from detection and quantitation calculation software, for at least one to four POCs. Of the 29 wells with concentrations greater than their detection limits, only 20 had concentrations greater than the laboratory reporting limit as calculated with detection and quantitation calculation software. None of the concentrations exceeded any maximum contaminant levels established for public drinking water supplies. Most commonly detected compounds were 1,1,1-trichoroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, and trichloroethene.
","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161083","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22238Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov
We compared the hydrodynamics of replicate experimental mixed cell and replicate standard Burrows pond rearing systems at the Dworshak National Fish Hatchery, ID, in an effort to identify methods for improved solids removal. We measured and compared the hydraulic residence time, particle removal efficiency, and measures of velocity using several tools. Computational fluid dynamics was used first to characterize hydraulics in the proposed retrofit that included removal of the traditional Burrows pond dividing wall and establishment of four counter rotating cells with appropriate drains and inlet water jets. Hydraulic residence time was subsequently established in the four full scale test tanks using measures of conductivity of a salt tracer introduced into the systems both with and without fish present. Vertical and horizontal velocities were also measured with acoustic Doppler velocimetry in transects across each of the rearing systems. Finally, we introduced ABS sinking beads that simulated fish solids then followed the kinetics of their removal via the drains to establish relative purge rates. The mixed cell raceway provided higher mean velocities and a more uniform velocity distribution than did the Burrows pond. Vectors revealed well-defined, counter-rotating cells in the mixed cell raceway, and were likely contributing factors in achieving a relatively high particle removal efficiency-88.6% versus 8.0% during the test period. We speculate retrofits of rearing ponds to mixed cell systems will improve both the rearing environments for the fish and solids removal, improving the efficiency and bio-security of fish culture. We recommend further testing in hatchery production trials to evaluate fish physiology and growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.04.005","usgsCitation":"Moffitt, C.M., 2016, Comparison of hydraulics and particle removal efficiencies in a mixed cell raceway and Burrows pond rearing system: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 74, p. 52-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.04.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073377","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.04.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Dworshak National Fish Hatchery","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.34218931198119,\n 46.49930804814481\n ],\n [\n -116.34218931198119,\n 46.50806635278142\n ],\n [\n -116.3186287879944,\n 46.50806635278142\n ],\n [\n -116.3186287879944,\n 46.49930804814481\n ],\n [\n -116.34218931198119,\n 46.49930804814481\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575be4aae4b04f417c27f511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70178789,"text":"70178789 - 2016 - Population trends for North American winter birds based on hierarchical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T15:02:11","indexId":"70178789","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trends for North American winter birds based on hierarchical models","docAbstract":"Managing widespread and persistent threats to birds requires knowledge of population dynamics at large spatial and temporal scales. For over 100 yrs, the Audubon Christmas Bird Count (CBC) has enlisted volunteers in bird monitoring efforts that span the Americas, especially southern Canada and the United States. We employed a Bayesian hierarchical model to control for variation in survey effort among CBC circles and, using CBC data from 1966 to 2013, generated early-winter population trend estimates for 551 species of birds. Selecting a subset of species that do not frequent bird feeders and have ≥25% range overlap with the distribution of CBC circles (228 species) we further estimated aggregate (i.e., across species) trends for the entire study region and at the level of states/provinces, Bird Conservation Regions, and Landscape Conservation Cooperatives. Moreover, we examined the relationship between ten biological traits—range size, population size, migratory strategy, habitat affiliation, body size, diet, number of eggs per clutch, age at sexual maturity, lifespan, and tolerance of urban/suburban settings—and CBC trend estimates. Our results indicate that 68% of the 551 species had increasing trends within the study area over the interval 1966–2013. When trends were examined across the subset of 228 species, the median population trend for the group was 0.9% per year at the continental level. At the regional level, aggregate trends were positive in all but a few areas. Negative population trends were evident in lower latitudes, whereas the largest increases were at higher latitudes, a pattern consistent with range shifts due to climate change. Nine of 10 biological traits were significantly associated with median population trend; however, none of the traits explained >34% of the deviance in the data, reflecting the indirect relationships between population trend estimates and species traits. Trend estimates based on the CBC are broadly congruent with estimates based on the North American Breeding Bird Survey, another large-scale monitoring program. Both of these efforts, conducted by citizen scientists, will be required going forward to ensure robust inference about population dynamics in the face of climate and land cover changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1351","usgsCitation":"Soykan, C.U., Sauer, J.R., Schuetz, J.G., LeBaron, G.S., Dale, K., and Langham, G.M., 2016, Population trends for North American winter birds based on hierarchical models: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 5, Article e01351; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1351.","productDescription":"Article e01351; 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-068486","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1351","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58492df4e4b06d80b7b093ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soykan, Candan U.","contributorId":177253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soykan","given":"Candan","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuetz, Justin G.","contributorId":177254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuetz","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27800,"text":"National Audubon Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LeBaron, Geoffrey S.","contributorId":177255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeBaron","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27800,"text":"National Audubon Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dale, Kathy","contributorId":177256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dale","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27800,"text":"National Audubon Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Langham, Gary M.","contributorId":177257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langham","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27800,"text":"National Audubon Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182731,"text":"70182731 - 2016 - Invasive European bird cherry disrupts stream-riparian linkages: effects on terrestrial invertebrate prey subsidies for juvenile coho salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T15:20:32","indexId":"70182731","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive European bird cherry disrupts stream-riparian linkages: effects on terrestrial invertebrate prey subsidies for juvenile coho salmon","docAbstract":"The spread of invasive species in riparian forests has the potential to affect both terrestrial and aquatic organisms linked through cross-ecosystem resource subsidies. However, this potential had not been explored in regards to terrestrial prey subsidies for stream fishes. To address this, we examined the effects of an invasive riparian tree, European bird cherry (EBC, Prunus padus), spreading along urban Alaskan salmon streams, by collecting terrestrial invertebrates present on the foliage of riparian trees, their subsidies to streams, and their consumption by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Riparian EBC supported four to six times less terrestrial invertebrate biomass on its foliage and contributed two to three times lower subsidies relative to native deciduous trees. This reduction in terrestrial invertebrate biomass was consistent between two watersheds over 2 years. In spite of this reduction in terrestrial prey resource input, juvenile coho salmon consumed similar levels of terrestrial invertebrates in stream reaches bordered by EBC. Although we did not see ecological effects extending to stream salmonids, reduced terrestrial prey subsidies to streams are likely to have negative consequences as EBC continues to spread.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0548","usgsCitation":"Roon, D.A., Wipfli, M.S., Wurtz, T.L., and Blanchard, A.L., 2016, Invasive European bird cherry disrupts stream-riparian linkages: effects on terrestrial invertebrate prey subsidies for juvenile coho salmon: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 11, p. 1679-1690, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0548.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"1679","endPage":"1690","ipdsId":"IP-065203","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/73091","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c0e4b01ccd54fddfb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roon, David A.","contributorId":42922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roon","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wurtz, Tricia L.","contributorId":171557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wurtz","given":"Tricia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blanchard, Arny L.","contributorId":173948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Arny","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176235,"text":"70176235 - 2016 - Methylmercury degradation and exposure pathways in streams and wetlands impacted by historical mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:09:07","indexId":"70176235","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury degradation and exposure pathways in streams and wetlands impacted by historical mining","docAbstract":"Monomethyl mercury (MMHg) and total mercury (THg) concentrations and Hg stable isotope ratios (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg) were measured in sediment and aquatic organisms from Cache Creek (California Coast Range) and Yolo Bypass (Sacramento Valley). Cache Creek sediment had a large range in THg (87 to 3870 ng/g) and δ202Hg (−1.69 to −0.20‰) reflecting the heterogeneity of Hg mining sources in sediment. The δ202Hg of Yolo Bypass wetland sediment suggests a mixture of high and low THg sediment sources. Relationships between %MMHg (the percent ratio of MMHg to THg) and Hg isotope values (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg) in fish and macroinvertebrates were used to identify and estimate the isotopic composition of MMHg. Deviation from linear relationships was found between %MMHg and Hg isotope values, which is indicative of the bioaccumulation of isotopically distinct pools of MMHg. The isotopic composition of pre-photodegraded MMHg (i.e., subtracting fractionation from photochemical reactions) was estimated and contrasting relationships were observed between the estimated δ202Hg of pre-photodegraded MMHg and sediment IHg. Cache Creek had mass dependent fractionation (MDF; δ202Hg) of at least −0.4‰ whereas Yolo Bypass had MDF of +0.2 to +0.5‰. This result supports the hypothesis that Hg isotope fractionation between IHg and MMHg observed in rivers (−MDF) is unique compared to +MDF observed in non-flowing water environments such as wetlands, lakes, and the coastal ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.139","usgsCitation":"Donovan, P.M., Blum, J.D., Singer, M.B., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., and Tsui, M.T., 2016, Methylmercury degradation and exposure pathways in streams and wetlands impacted by historical mining: Science of the Total Environment, v. 568, p. 1192-1203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.139.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1192","endPage":"1203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072121","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cache Creek, Yolo Bypass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.64474487304686,\n 38.464611135935776\n ],\n [\n -121.64474487304686,\n 38.572327030541246\n ],\n [\n -121.57779693603517,\n 38.572327030541246\n ],\n [\n -121.57779693603517,\n 38.464611135935776\n ],\n [\n -121.64474487304686,\n 38.464611135935776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.53292083740234,\n 38.927365763942475\n ],\n [\n -122.53292083740234,\n 39.00771295997199\n ],\n [\n -122.39559173583984,\n 39.00771295997199\n ],\n [\n -122.39559173583984,\n 38.927365763942475\n ],\n [\n -122.53292083740234,\n 38.927365763942475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"568","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cd45ace4b0f2f0cec4cb51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, Patrick M.","contributorId":168368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donovan","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25267,"text":"Univ. of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, Joel D.","contributorId":83657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, Michael B.","contributorId":168369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25268,"text":"University of St Andrews, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsui, Martin T.K.","contributorId":168370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsui","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176147,"text":"70176147 - 2016 - End of the chain? Rugosity and fine-scale bathymetry from existing underwater digital imagery using structure-from-motion (SfM) technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T14:18:01","indexId":"70176147","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-23T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"End of the chain? Rugosity and fine-scale bathymetry from existing underwater digital imagery using structure-from-motion (SfM) technology","docAbstract":"The rugosity or complexity of the seafloor has been shown to be an important ecological parameter for fish, algae, and corals. Historically, rugosity has been measured either using simple and subjective manual methods such as ‘chain-and-tape’ or complicated and expensive geophysical methods. Here, we demonstrate the application of structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry to generate high-resolution, three-dimensional bathymetric models of a fringing reef from existing underwater video collected to characterize the seafloor. SfM techniques are capable of achieving spatial resolution that can be orders of magnitude greater than large-scale lidar and sonar mapping of coral reef ecosystems. The resulting data provide finer-scale measurements of bathymetry and rugosity that are more applicable to ecological studies of coral reefs than provided by the more expensive and time-consuming geophysical methods. Utilizing SfM techniques for characterizing the benthic habitat proved to be more effective and quantitatively powerful than conventional methods and thus might portend the end of the ‘chain-and-tape’ method for measuring benthic complexity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/s00338-016-1462-8","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Dartnell, P., Hatcher, G., and Gibbs, A.E., 2016, End of the chain? Rugosity and fine-scale bathymetry from existing underwater digital imagery using structure-from-motion (SfM) technology: Coral Reefs, v. 35, no. 3, p. 889-894, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-016-1462-8.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"889","endPage":"894","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069114","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6af43e4b0f2f0cebe4ae0","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s00338-016-1462-8","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-016-1462-8","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Storlazzi Curt D., Dartnell Peter, Hatcher Gerald A., Gibbs Ann E.","journalName":"Coral Reefs","publicationDate":"5/23/2016","auditedOn":"2/15/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"5/23/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatcher, Gerry ghatcher@usgs.gov","contributorId":3556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Gerry","email":"ghatcher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170583,"text":"ofr20161065 - 2016 - Development of a decision support tool for water and resource management using biotic, abiotic, and hydrological assessments of Topock Marsh, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T08:51:11","indexId":"ofr20161065","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-23T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1065","title":"Development of a decision support tool for water and resource management using biotic, abiotic, and hydrological assessments of Topock Marsh, Arizona","docAbstract":"Topock Marsh is a large wetland adjacent to the Colorado River and the main feature of Havasu National Wildlife Refuge (Havasu NWR) in southern Arizona. In 2010, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and Bureau of Reclamation began a project to improve water management capabilities at Topock Marsh and protect habitats and species. Initial construction required a drawdown, which caused below-average inflows and water depths in 2010–11. U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) scientists collected an assemblage of biotic, abiotic, and hydrologic data from Topock Marsh during the drawdown and immediately after, thus obtaining valuable information needed by FWS.
Building upon that work, FORT developed a decision support system (DSS) to better understand ecosystem health and function of Topock Marsh under various hydrologic conditions. The DSS was developed using a spatially explicit geographic information system package of historical data, habitat indices, and analytical tools to synthesize outputs for hydrologic time periods. Deliverables include high-resolution orthorectified imagery of Topock Marsh; a DSS tool that can be used by Havasu NWR to compare habitat availability associated with three hydrologic scenarios (dry, average, wet years); and this final report which details study results. This project, therefore, has addressed critical FWS management questions by integrating ecologic and hydrologic information into a DSS framework. This DSS will assist refuge management to make better informed decisions about refuge operations and better understand the ecological results of those decisions by providing tools to identify the effects of water operations on species-specific habitat and ecological processes. While this approach was developed to help FWS use the best available science to determine more effective water management strategies at Havasu NWR, technologies used in this study could be applied elsewhere within the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161065","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Holmquist-Johnson, Chris; Hanson, Leanne; Daniels, Joan; Talbert, Colin; and Haegele, Jeanette, 2016, Development of a decision support tool for water and resource management using biotic, abiotic, and hydrological assessments of Topock Marsh, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1065, 121 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161065.","productDescription":"viii, 121 p.","numberOfPages":"130","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070577","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1065/ofr20161065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"55.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1065"},{"id":321528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1065/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Topock Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.57572937011719,\n 34.75233231513255\n ],\n [\n -114.57572937011719,\n 34.85015678001124\n ],\n [\n -114.46826934814453,\n 34.85015678001124\n ],\n [\n -114.46826934814453,\n 34.75233231513255\n ],\n [\n -114.57572937011719,\n 34.75233231513255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, USGS Fort Collins Science Center
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Porewater profiles in sediment cores from mangrove-dominated coastal lagoons (Celestún and Chelem) on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, reveal the widespread coexistence of dissolved methane and sulfate. This observation is interesting since dissolved methane in porewaters is typically oxidized anaerobically by sulfate. To explain the observations we used a numerical transport-reaction model that was constrained by the field observations. The model suggests that methane in the upper sediments is produced in the sulfate reduction zone at rates ranging between 0.012 and 31 mmol m−2 d−1, concurrent with sulfate reduction rates between 1.1 and 24 mmol SO42− m−2 d−1. These processes are supported by high organic matter content in the sediment and the use of non-competitive substrates by methanogenic microorganisms. Indeed sediment slurry incubation experiments show that non-competitive substrates such as trimethylamine (TMA) and methanol can be utilized for microbial methanogenesis at the study sites. The model also indicates that a significant fraction of methane is transported to the sulfate reduction zone from deeper zones within the sedimentary column by rising bubbles and gas dissolution. The shallow depths of methane production and the fast rising methane gas bubbles reduce the likelihood for oxidation, thereby allowing a large fraction of the methane formed in the sediments to escape to the overlying water column.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-13-2981-2016","usgsCitation":"Chuang, P.C., Young, M.B., Dale, A.W., Miller, L., Herrera-Silveira, J.A., and Paytan, A., 2016, Methane and sulfate dynamics in sediments from mangrove-dominated tropical coastal lagoons, Yucatan, Mexico: Biogeosciences, v. 13, no. 10, p. 2981-3001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2981-2016.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2981","endPage":"3001","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075714","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2981-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Yucatan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 21.524627220545295\n ],\n [\n -87.989501953125,\n 21.69826549685252\n ],\n [\n -88.363037109375,\n 21.667638606781576\n ],\n [\n -88.670654296875,\n 21.57571893245848\n ],\n [\n -89.219970703125,\n 21.442843107187667\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 21.299610604945617\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 20.86907773201848\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 20.704738720055524\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 20.540221355754728\n ],\n [\n -90.120849609375,\n 20.396123272467616\n ],\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 20.437307950568957\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 20.107523268824004\n ],\n [\n -89.74731445312499,\n 20.128155311797183\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 19.9010536062052\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 19.559790136497398\n ],\n [\n -89.18701171875,\n 19.487307518564272\n ],\n [\n -88.912353515625,\n 19.72534224805787\n ],\n [\n -88.70361328125,\n 20.024967917222785\n ],\n [\n -88.35205078124999,\n 20.138470312451155\n ],\n [\n -88.033447265625,\n 20.2725032501349\n ],\n [\n -87.879638671875,\n 20.478481600090568\n ],\n [\n -87.725830078125,\n 20.601936194281016\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 20.838277806058933\n ],\n [\n -87.462158203125,\n 21.08450008351735\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 21.4121622297254\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 21.524627220545295\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db5be4b0589fa1c7e94f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chuang, P. 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Between 2011 and 2013, USGS scientists mapped the geological and morphological characteristics of the seafloor of the BBLEH estuary using a suite of geophysical tools. However, this mapping effort included only surficial characterization of bay sediments; to verify the sub-surface geophysical data, sediment cores were required.
This report serves as an archive of sedimentologic data from 18 vibracores collected from Barnegat Bay between May and August of 2014 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) on behalf of the USGS. The vibracores were collected in conjunction with an ongoing NRCS subaqueous soil survey for the BBLEH estuary. The data presented in this report, including descriptive core logs, core photographs, processed grain-size data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) data files with accompanying formal Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata, can be viewed or downloaded from the Data Products and Downloads page.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds985","usgsCitation":"Bernier, J.C., Stalk, C.A., Kelso, K.W., Miselis, J.L., and Tunstead, Rob, 2016, Sediment data collected in 2014 from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 985, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds985.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-066177","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0985"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.41177368164061,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -74.41177368164061,\n 40.07386810509482\n ],\n [\n -74.01351928710938,\n 40.07386810509482\n ],\n [\n -74.01351928710938,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -74.41177368164061,\n 39.52099229357195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 4th Street South
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(727) 502-8000
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