Five Data Collection Platforms (DCP) were integrated electronically with thermal sensing systems, emplaced and operated in an analog mode at selected thermally significant volcanic and geothermal sites. The DCP's transmitted 3260 messages comprising 26,080 ambient, surface, and near-surface temperature records at an accuracy of ±1.15°C for 1121 instrument days between November 14, 1972 and April 17, 1974. In harsh, windy, high-altitude volcanic environments the DCP functioned best with a small dipole antenna. Sixteen kg of alkaline batteries provided a viable power supply for the DCP systems, operated at a low-duty cycle, for 5 to 8 months. A proposed solar power supply system would lengthen the period of unattended operation of the system considerably. Special methods of data handling such as data storage via a proposed memory system would increase the significance of the twice-daily data reception enabling the DCP's to record full diurnal-temperature cycles at volcanic or geothermal sites.
The purposes of this study were to identify the benthic shelled infauna and epifauna of the eastern Chukchi Sea, compile species lists and distribution maps, determine recurrent groups of species (communities), and examine the environmental parameters that may control the distribution of the faunal groups. The study was partly supported by the Bureau of Land Management through an interagency agreement with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under which a multi-year program responding to the needs of petroleum development of the Alaskan continental shelf is managed by the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP) Office. The objective of this study is to provide an assessment of the biological patterns of the region as related to petroleum development. Future offshore oil leases proposed by the State of Alaska and the Federal Government require a biological data base from which impact statements can be derived.
Samples used in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in August 1974 from the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Burton Island under the direction of Arthur Grantz. Sampling was conducted using van Veen grabs, gravity cores, dart cores, and bottom dredges. Only the van Veen grabs contained material useful for this study. At present 103 samples containing 90 species have been examined.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77672","usgsCitation":"Mann, D.M., 1977, Shelled benthic fauna of the eastern Chukchi Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-672, i, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77672.","productDescription":"i, 112 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426093,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0672/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411645,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14495.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":144283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0672/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 72.5\n ],\n [\n -170,\n 72.5\n ],\n [\n -170,\n 66.25\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 66.25\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 72.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, Dennis M.","contributorId":50528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":43555,"text":"ofr7750 - 1977 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Hattiesburg, Mississippi; Alabama (Alabama portion only)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:28","indexId":"ofr7750","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-50","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Hattiesburg, Mississippi; Alabama (Alabama portion only)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7750","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Land use and land cover and associated maps for Hattiesburg, Mississippi; Alabama (Alabama portion only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-50, 5 maps ;45 x 77 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7750.","productDescription":"5 maps ;45 x 77 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":43614,"text":"ofr77394 - 1977 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Greeley, Colorado, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:30","indexId":"ofr77394","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-394","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Greeley, Colorado, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr77394","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Land use and land cover and associated maps for Greeley, Colorado, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-394, maps ;75 x 100 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77394.","productDescription":"maps ;75 x 100 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b113a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11033,"text":"ofr77431 - 1977 - Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in northern Imperial Valley, California, October 1, 1976 - December 31, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:24","indexId":"ofr77431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-431","title":"Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in northern Imperial Valley, California, October 1, 1976 - December 31, 1976","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77431","usgsCitation":"Schnapp, M., and Fuis, G.S., 1977, Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in northern Imperial Valley, California, October 1, 1976 - December 31, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-431, 19 leaves :2 maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77431.","productDescription":"19 leaves :2 maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schnapp, Madeline","contributorId":26305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnapp","given":"Madeline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":41228,"text":"ofr77179 - 1977 - Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Georgetown Quadrangle, Essex County, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:54","indexId":"ofr77179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-179","title":"Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Georgetown Quadrangle, Essex County, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr77179","usgsCitation":"Bell, K.G., Shride, A., and Cuppels, N.P., 1977, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Georgetown Quadrangle, Essex County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-179, 28, [2] |eaves :map (col.) with legend ;28 cm.; 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77179.","productDescription":"28, [2] |eaves :map (col.) with legend ;28 cm.; 4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":79041,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79042,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Kenneth Granville","contributorId":61431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Granville","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shride, A. F.","contributorId":23609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shride","given":"A. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuppels, Norman P.","contributorId":87147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuppels","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10803,"text":"ofr77565 - 1977 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Souris-Red-Rainy region","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10803,"text":"ofr77565 - 1977 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Souris-Red-Rainy region","indexId":"ofr77565","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Souris-Red-Rainy region"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38698,"text":"pp813K - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Souris-Red-Rainy region","indexId":"pp813K","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Souris-Red-Rainy region"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38698,"text":"pp813K - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Souris-Red-Rainy region","indexId":"pp813K","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Souris-Red-Rainy region"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-15T16:15:22","indexId":"ofr77565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-565","title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Souris-Red-Rainy region","docAbstract":"A broad-perspective analysis of the ground-water resources and present and possible future water development and management in the Souris-Red-Rainy Region is presented. The region includes the basins of the Souris River within Montana and North Dakota; the Red River of the North in South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota; and the Rainy River within Minnesota. The region includes 59,645 square miles, mostly in North Dakota and Minnesota.
\nThe terrain is relatively flat, but ranges in altitude from 2,541 to 750 feet. Annual average precipitation ranges from 14 inches in the west to 28 inches in the east and about 75 percent of it is rain. The mean annual snow fall ranges from 32 inches in the west to 64 inches in the east. Temperatures range from -55° to 118°F (-48.3° to 47.8°C). Irrigation is needed at least part of the time to assure crop production, particularly in the western part of the region.
\nSand and gravel deposits in the drift form the most important fresh-water aquifers. Other aquifers are found in at least parts of the region in the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary rocks. The potentiometric surface in the bedrock generally decreases in altitude toward the Red River of the North, indicating that the general direction of ground-water movement is toward the river. Ground-water with less than 3,000 milligrams per liter dissolved solids is available throughout the region.
\nGround water with less than 1,000 milligrams per liter occurs in most of the region east of the Red River of the North and in most of the shallow aquifers west of the river. The total volume of water available from storage having less than 3,000 milligrams per liter dissolved solids is estimated to be 5 x 108 acre-feet. In addition to the fresh and slightly saline water, the region has abundant highly mineralized water that can be considered as a resource. Yields of wells in individual bedrock aquifers are generally less than 100 gallons per minute but locally yields may be as much as 500 gallons per minute and more. Yields in drift aquifers are frequently less than 100 gallons per minute but range from 5 to 1,000 gallons per minute. In a few places outwash yields more than 1,000 gallons per minute.
\nGround water is the sole or a primary source of water supply in much of the region, including supplies for irrigation, domestic and livestock, municipal, and industrial needs. Reportedly, the potential irrigation development is 1,550,000 acres, as compared with 50,200 acres in 1975. Both ground- and surface-water supplies would be required to meet these demands. Rural domestic and livestock water supplies are derived almost entirely from ground-water sources. Smaller communities and towns generally rely on ground water, and the cities and industries use ground water, surface water, or both. The municipalities using surface water generally depend upon reservoir storage. Water quality rather than quantity is the greater water-supply problem for many communities in the region.
\nIncreased demands on both ground-water and surface-water supplies likely will be made in the future. Storage of surface water in the ground-water reservoirs during times of surplus for withdrawal during times of scarcity would aid in meeting these demands. The surplus (flood) water is of better chemical quality than underlying ground water in parts of the western half of the region. Fresh water could be stored in saline- or fresh-water aquifers, and pumped out later, as needed. Thus, the ground-water reservoirs have a definite present and potential role in water management.
\nTo understand the hydrologic system for management purposes there is a need to determine more adequately the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of existing aquifers and the location of new aquifers. Also, as pumping and other stresses on any part of the hydrologic system affect other parts of the system, monitoring programs ideally should be started and maintained to detect changes and determine effects of the stresses.
\nMany alternatives are available for managing water in the region. Some of these are operational and others are undergoing research. Adequate hydrologic information is needed to aid in solving problems of water supply, use and pollution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77565","usgsCitation":"Reeder, H.O., 1977, Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Souris-Red-Rainy region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-565, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77565.","productDescription":"125 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0565/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38598,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0565/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.40283203124999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 49.52520834197442\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 48.864714761802794\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 48.719961222646276\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 48.19538740833338\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 47.724544549099676\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -98.525390625,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -99.5361328125,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -100.81054687499999,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -103.3154296875,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 47.84265762816538\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -105.40283203124999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeder, Harold O.","contributorId":14381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeder","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10802,"text":"ofr77122 - 1977 - Training and assistance at the EROS Data Center. A slide-cassette training module","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T13:25:10","indexId":"ofr77122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-122","title":"Training and assistance at the EROS Data Center. A slide-cassette training module","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77122","usgsCitation":"Redmond, W.J., 1977, Training and assistance at the EROS Data Center. A slide-cassette training module: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-122, 10 p. ;27 cm. & slides (40 slides : col. ; 2x2 in.) in circular slide tray. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77122.","productDescription":"10 p. ;27 cm. & slides (40 slides : col. ; 2x2 in.) in circular slide tray. --","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62707f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redmond, William J.","contributorId":89898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redmond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11155,"text":"ofr77561 - 1977 - Preliminary study of sources and processes of enrichment of manganese in water from University of Rhode Island supply wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr77561","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-561","title":"Preliminary study of sources and processes of enrichment of manganese in water from University of Rhode Island supply wells","docAbstract":"Concentrations of dissolved manganese have increased from 0.0 to as much as 3.3 mg/liter over a period of years in closely spaced University of Rhode Island supply wells. The wells tap stratified glacial deposits and derive part of their water from infiltration from a nearby river-pond system. The principal sources of the manganese seem to be coatings of oxides and other forms of manganese on granular aquifer materials and organic-rich sediments on the bottom of the pond and river. Chemical analyses of water from an observation well screened from 3 to 5 feet below the pond bottom indicate that infiltration of water through organic-rich sediments on the pond bottom is the likely cause of manganese enrichment in the well supplies. After passing through the organic layer, the water contains concentrations of manganese as high as 1.2 mg/liter. Manganese in water in concentrations that do not cause unpleasant taste is not regarded to be toxicologically significant. However, concentrations in excess of a few tenths of a milligram per liter are undesirable in public supplies and in many industrial supplies. Brown and others (21970) note that waters containing manganese in concentrations less than 0.1 mg/liter seldom prove troublesome, but that those containing more than 0.5 mg/liter may form objectionable deposits on cooked food, laundry, and plumbing fixtures. The U.S. Public health Service (1962) recommends that the concentrations of manganese in drinking and culinary water not exceed 0.05 mg/liter. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77561","usgsCitation":"Silvey, W.D., and Johnston, H.E., 1977, Preliminary study of sources and processes of enrichment of manganese in water from University of Rhode Island supply wells: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-561, iii, 33 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (66 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77561.","productDescription":"iii, 33 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (66 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0561/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0561/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silvey, William Dudley","contributorId":33699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silvey","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Dudley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Herbert E.","contributorId":16392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10701,"text":"ofr77165 - 1977 - Color slides showing geologic effects and damage caused by the devastating Guatemala earthquake of February 4, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:24","indexId":"ofr77165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-165","title":"Color slides showing geologic effects and damage caused by the devastating Guatemala earthquake of February 4, 1976","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77165","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., 1977, Color slides showing geologic effects and damage caused by the devastating Guatemala earthquake of February 4, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-165, 10 leaves, 54 leaves of ill. :ill., maps (col.) ;28 cm. & slides (54 slides : col. ; 9x11 in.); (17 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77165.","productDescription":"10 leaves, 54 leaves of ill. :ill., maps (col.) ;28 cm. & slides (54 slides : col. ; 9x11 in.); (17 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48329,"text":"ofr77462 - 1977 - Limnological studies of the major streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T11:59:48","indexId":"ofr77462","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-462","title":"Limnological studies of the major streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The major streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania were studied to determine their environmental state, and to relate this condition to land- use patterns. A biological numerical rating system on a scale of 1 to 10 was developed to classify stream conditions. One indicates extremely toxic conditions and 10 balanced biological conditions. The majority of the streams studied had ratings between 4 and 8, indicating they were experiencing varying degrees of enrichment and/or sediment deposition. The streams with high numerical ratings were generally found in rural and agricultural areas. Streams with low numerical rating were found mostly in areas near waste treatment facilities or industry. Large changes in the numerical rating of a stream were related to changes in land-use patterns.
\nRelationships were developed between dissolved solids concentrations and the biological numerical ratings of the streams. Streams with ratings from 6 to 10 had dissolved solids concentrations of approximately 100 mg/L. At ratings of 5 to 1, the dissolved solids concentrations increased progressively from 122 to 310 mg/L.
\nChemical data for the streams were related to the dominant orders of benthic invertebrates. The stoneflies were found to be the most sensitive to high levels of chemical constituents. The trueflies, mayflies, and caddis flies showed a wide tolerance to various chemical constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77462","usgsCitation":"Lium, B.W., 1977, Limnological studies of the major streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-462, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77462.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr77462.PNG"},{"id":308127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0462/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester 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Bruce W.","contributorId":75907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lium","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10762,"text":"ofr77724 - 1977 - Chemical data and variation diagrams of igneous rocks from the Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley Caldera Complex, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T20:15:51.484667","indexId":"ofr77724","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-724","title":"Chemical data and variation diagrams of igneous rocks from the Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley Caldera Complex, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"Silica variation diagrams presented here are based on 162 chemical analyses of tuffs, lavas, and intrusives, representative of volcanic centers of the Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley caldera complex and cogenetic rocks of the Silent Canyon ca1dera. Most of the volcanic units sampled are shown on the U.S. Geological Survey geologic map of the Timber Mountain caldera area (I-891) and are described in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 919. Early effusives of the complex, although slightly altered, are probably chemically, and petrographically, more like the calc-alkalic Fraction Tuff (Miocene) of the northern Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery Range to the north, whereas effusives of later Miocene age, such as the Paintbrush and Timber Mountain Tuffs, are alkali-calcic.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77724","usgsCitation":"Quinlivan, W.D., and Byers, F., 1977, Chemical data and variation diagrams of igneous rocks from the Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley Caldera Complex, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-724, Report: ii, 9 p.; 14 Plates: 22.00 × 23.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77724.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 9 p.; 14 Plates: 22.00 × 23.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94984,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94983,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94982,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94981,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94980,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94979,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94986,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94985,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405496,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14507.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":38571,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":94992,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94991,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94990,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94989,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94988,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94987,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0724/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley Caldera Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.75,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -115.894,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -115.894,\n 37.367\n ],\n [\n -116.75,\n 37.367\n ],\n [\n -116.75,\n 36.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bb5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinlivan, W. D.","contributorId":14398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinlivan","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byers, F. M.","contributorId":50141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"F. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11436,"text":"ofr77630 - 1977 - Reconnaissance geologic study of the Vazante zinc district, Minas Gerais, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:29","indexId":"ofr77630","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-630","title":"Reconnaissance geologic study of the Vazante zinc district, Minas Gerais, Brazil","docAbstract":"The Vazante district, Minas Gerais, 130 km south of Paracatu, produces nearly all of Brazil's zinc metal. The district is situated on the western side of the Late Precambrian Bambul basin and along the eastern and leading edge of the north-trending Brazilian orogenic belt (ca. 600-500 m.y. old) that borders the western margin of the basin. Reconnaissance study indicates that bedding and low-angle thrust faulting, folding, and low-grade metamorphism dominated the structural development of the district. The structural trend within the district is northeasterly, and dips 20?-45 ? NW. Three sets of folds developed during the main period of eastward thrusting of older Precambrian rocks over the western margin of the Bambui basin. A fourth fold set is transverse to the regional trend. \r\n\r\nThe rocks in the district are tentatively assigned to the Paraopeba Formation of the Bambui Group and are designated A through C in ascending order. Unit A is phyllite to phyllitic siltstone. Unit B consists of interbedded dolomitic limestone and marl-limestone. Irregularly distributed limestone ledges 20 to 100 m thick have the appearance of boudins. Their origin is attributed to a combination of rapid lateral facies changes and differential movement at different structural levels along bedding and low-angle thrust faults, with the formation of tear faults vertically limited by the thrust faults. Unit C consists of interbedded siltstone, dolomitic limestone, and sandstone. Phyllitic rocks along member interfaces in units B and C and at the base of unit C indicate differential penetrative deformation and bedding faulting. The contacts between units A, B, and C are interpreted to be low-angle or bedding faults, and their original stratigraphic positions with respect to each other is unknown. Zinc silicate minerals (hemimorphite and willemite) occur in a folded breccia zone in the lower part of unit B. The breccia zone is interpreted to be tectonic in origin, having formed along the step of a step-bedding-plane fault during the Brazilian orogeny. The zinc is probably syngenetic, and ore deposition in the breccia may have occurred during Brazilian time. Broad uplift and deep weathering of the region took place during late Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. Reserves may be as high as 3 million tons of zinc metal.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77630","usgsCitation":"Thorman, C.H., and Nahass, S., 1977, Reconnaissance geologic study of the Vazante zinc district, Minas Gerais, Brazil: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-630, ii, 28 p. :ill. (1 fold. in envelope), maps (1 fold. in envelope) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77630.","productDescription":"ii, 28 p. :ill. 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To avoid delay, all of the data is copied from original forms processed at the observatory; therefore it should be regarded as preliminary.
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