Ash plays an important role in controlling runoff and erosion processes after wildfire and has frequently been hypothesised to clog soil pores and reduce infiltration. Yet evidence for clogging is incomplete, as research has focussed on identifying the presence of ash in soil; the actual flow processes remain unknown. We conducted laboratory infiltration experiments coupled with microscope observations in pure sands, saturated hydraulic conductivity analysis, and interaction energy calculations, to test whether ash can clog pores (i.e. block pores such that infiltration is hampered and ponding occurs). Although results confirmed previous observations of ash washing into pores, clogging was not observed in the pure sands tested, nor were conditions found for which this does occur. Clogging by means of strong attachment of ash to sand was deemed unlikely given the negative surface charge of the two materials. Ponding due to washing in of ash was also considered improbable given the high saturated conductivity of pure ash and ash–sand mixtures. This first mechanistic step towards analysing ash transport and attachment processes in field soils therefore suggests that pore clogging by ash is unlikely to occur in sands. Discussion is provided on other mechanisms by which ash can affect post-fire hydrology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fire Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Roslyn, WA","doi":"10.1071/WF15037","usgsCitation":"Stoof, C.R., Gevaert, A.I., Baver, C., Hassanpour, B., Morales, V.L., Zhang, W., Martin, D.A., Giri, S.K., and Steenhuis, T.S., 2016, Can pore-clogging by ash explain post-fire runoff?: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 25, no. 3, p. 294-305, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF15037.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067418","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30k1c66k","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57160531e4b0ef3b7ca91fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoof, Cathelijne R.","contributorId":168663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoof","given":"Cathelijne","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gevaert, Anouk I.","contributorId":168664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gevaert","given":"Anouk","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baver, Christine","contributorId":168665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baver","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hassanpour, Bahareh","contributorId":168666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassanpour","given":"Bahareh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morales, Veronica L.","contributorId":168667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morales","given":"Veronica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25347,"text":"Abertay University, Dundee, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Wei","contributorId":168668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25348,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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Ideally, AUs represent an extent of waters with similar ecological, watershed, habitat and land-use conditions and no overlapping characteristics with other waters. In the United States, AUs are typically based on political or hydrologic boundaries rather than on ecologically relevant features, so it can be difficult to detect changes in impairment status. Our goals were to evaluate if current AU designation criteria of an impaired water body in southeastern Idaho, USA that, like many U.S. waters, has three-quarters of its mainstem length divided into two AUs. We focused our evaluation in southeastern Idaho's Portneuf River, an impaired river and three-quarters of the river is divided into two AUs. We described biological and environmental conditions at multiple reaches within each AU. We used these data to (1) test if variability at the reach-scale is greater within or among AUs and, (2) to evaluate alternate AU boundaries based on multivariate analyses of reach-scale data. We found that some biological conditions had greater variability within an AU than between AUs. Multivariate analyses identified alternative, 2- and 3-group, AUs that reduced this variability. Our results suggest that the current AU designations in the mainstem Portneuf River contain ecologically distinct sections of river and that the existing AU boundaries should be reconsidered in light of the ecological conditions measured at the reach scale. Variation in biological integrity within designated AUs may complicate water quality and biological assessments, influence management decisions or affect where monitoring or mitigation resources are directed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.043","usgsCitation":"Layhee, M.J., Sepulveda, A.J., Ray, A., Mladenka, G., and Van Every, L., 2016, Ecological relevance of current water quality assessment unit designations in impaired rivers: Science of the Total Environment, v. 536, p. 198-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.043.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"205","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064737","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Portneuf River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.61810302734375,\n 42.60465241823049\n ],\n [\n -112.61810302734375,\n 42.98355351219673\n ],\n [\n -111.92047119140624,\n 42.98355351219673\n ],\n [\n -111.92047119140624,\n 42.60465241823049\n ],\n [\n -112.61810302734375,\n 42.60465241823049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"536","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0aface4b0961cf280dbf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Layhee, Megan J. 0000-0003-1359-1455 mlayhee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-1455","contributorId":3955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layhee","given":"Megan","email":"mlayhee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam J. 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ray, Andrew","contributorId":101972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mladenka, Greg","contributorId":116680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladenka","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Every, Lynn","contributorId":127352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Every","given":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":6912,"text":"Idaho Department of Environmental Quality","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162285,"text":"70162285 - 2016 - Sediment supply versus local hydraulic controls on sediment transport and storage in a river with large sediment loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T16:14:53","indexId":"70162285","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment supply versus local hydraulic controls on sediment transport and storage in a river with large sediment loads","docAbstract":"The Rio Grande in the Big Bend region of Texas, USA, and Chihuahua and Coahuila, Mexico, undergoes rapid geomorphic changes as a result of its large sediment supply and variable hydrology; thus, it is a useful natural laboratory to investigate the relative importance of flow strength and sediment supply in controlling alluvial channel change. We analyzed a suite of sediment transport and geomorphic data to determine the cumulative influence of different flood types on changing channel form. In this study, physically based analyses suggest that channel change in the Rio Grande is controlled by both changes in flow strength and sediment supply over different spatial and temporal scales. Channel narrowing is primarily caused by substantial deposition of sediment supplied to the Rio Grande during tributary-sourced flash floods. Tributary floods have large suspended-sediment concentrations, occur for short durations, and attenuate rapidly downstream in the Rio Grande, depositing much of their sediment in downstream reaches. Long-duration floods on the mainstem have the capacity to enlarge the Rio Grande, and these floods, released from upstream dams, can either erode or deposit sediment in the Rio Grande depending upon the antecedent in-channel sediment supply and the magnitude and duration of the flood. Geomorphic and sediment transport analyses show that the locations and rates of sand erosion and deposition during long-duration floods are most strongly controlled by spatial changes in flow strength, largely through changes in channel slope. However, spatial differences in the in-channel sediment supply regulate sediment evacuation or accumulation over time in long reaches (greater than a kilometer).
","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of Geophysical Research","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003436","usgsCitation":"Dean, D.J., Topping, D.J., Schmidt, J.C., Griffiths, R.E., and Sabol, T.A., 2016, Sediment supply versus local hydraulic controls on sediment transport and storage in a river with large sediment loads: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 121, no. 1, p. 82-110, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003436.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062345","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003436","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.5623779296875,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -104.5623779296875,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -102.6947021484375,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -102.6947021484375,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -104.5623779296875,\n 28.8831596093235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0afafe4b0961cf280dbfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, David J. 0000-0003-0203-088X djdean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-088X","contributorId":131047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"David","email":"djdean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":140985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffiths, Ronald E. 0000-0003-3620-2926 rgriffiths@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-2926","contributorId":162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Ronald","email":"rgriffiths@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sabol, Thomas A. 0000-0002-4299-2285 tsabol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-2285","contributorId":3403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"Thomas","email":"tsabol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70169965,"text":"70169965 - 2016 - Isotopic composition of inorganic mercury and methylmercury downstream of a historical gold mining region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:08:45","indexId":"70169965","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of inorganic mercury and methylmercury downstream of a historical gold mining region","docAbstract":"We measured total mercury (THg) and monomethyl mercury (MMHg) concentrations and mercury (Hg) isotopic compositions in sediment and aquatic organisms from the Yuba River (California, USA) to identify Hg sources and biogeochemical transformations downstream of a historical gold mining region. Sediment THg concentrations and δ202Hg decreased from the upper Yuba Fan to the lower Yuba Fan and the Feather River. These results are consistent with the release of Hg during gold mining followed by downstream mixing and dilution. The Hg isotopic composition of Yuba Fan sediment (δ202Hg = −0.38 ± 0.17‰ and Δ199Hg = 0.04 ± 0.03‰; mean ± 1 SD, n = 7) provides a fingerprint of inorganic Hg (IHg) that could be methylated locally or after transport downstream. The isotopic composition of MMHg in the Yuba River food web was estimated using biota with a range of %MMHg (the percent of THg present as MMHg) and compared to IHg in sediment, algae, and the food web. The estimated δ202Hg of MMHg prior to photodegradation (−1.29 to −1.07‰) was lower than that of IHg and we suggest this is due to mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) of up to −0.9‰ between IHg and MMHg. This result is in contrast to net positive MDF (+0.4 to +0.8‰) previously observed in lakes, estuaries, coastal oceans, and forests. 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","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b04413","usgsCitation":"Donovan, P.M., Blum, J.D., Singer, M.B., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., and Tsui, M.T., 2016, Isotopic composition of inorganic mercury and methylmercury downstream of a historical gold mining region: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 1691-1702, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04413.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1691","endPage":"1702","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067070","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10023/10141","text":"External 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D.","contributorId":83657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, Michael B.","contributorId":168369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25268,"text":"University of St Andrews, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western 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To assess the combined effects of changing natural flow and dam operations that determine impacts to regulated flow, a new integrated daily-time-step reservoir operations model was constructed for the Skagit River Basin. The model was used to simulate current reservoir operating policies for historical flow conditions and for projected flows for the 2040s (2030–2059) and 2080s (2070–2099). The results show that climate change is likely to cause substantial seasonal changes in both natural and regulated flow, with more flow in the winter and spring, and less in summer. Hydropower generation in the basin follows these trends, increasing (+ 19%) in the winter/ spring, and decreasing (- 29%) in the summer by the 2080s. The regulated 100-year flood is projected to increase by 23% by the 2040s and 49% by the 2080s. Peak winter sediment loading in December is projected to increase by 335% by the 2080s in response to increasing winter flows, and average annual sediment loading increases from 2.3 to 5.8 teragrams (+ 149%) per year by the 2080s. Regulated extreme low flows (7Q10) are projected to decrease by about 30% by the 2080s, but remain well above natural low flows. Both current and proposed alternative flood control operations are shown to be largely ineffective in mitigating increasing flood risks in the lower Skagit due to the distribution of flow in the basin during floods.
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2016 - Factors affecting post-control reinvasion by seed of an invasive species, Phragmites australis, in the central Platte River, Nebraska.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T16:03:32","indexId":"70162398","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-19T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting post-control reinvasion by seed of an invasive species, Phragmites australis, in the central Platte River, Nebraska.","docAbstract":"Invasive plants, such as Phragmites australis, can profoundly affect channel environments of large rivers by stabilizing sediments and altering water flows. Invasive plant removal is considered necessary where restoration of dynamic channels is needed to provide critical habitat for species of conservation concern. However, these programs are widely reported to be inefficient. Post-control reinvasion is frequent, suggesting increased attention is needed to prevent seed regeneration. To develop more effective responses to this invader in the Central Platte River (Nebraska, USA), we investigated several aspects of Phragmites seed ecology potentially linked to post-control reinvasion, in comparison to other common species: extent of viable seed production, importance of water transport, and regeneration responses to hydrology. We observed that although Phragmites seed does not mature until very late in the ice-free season, populations produce significant amounts of viable seed (>50 % of filled seed). Most seed transported via water in the Platte River are invasive perennial species, although Phragmites abundances are much lower than species such as Lythrum salicaria, Cyperus esculentus and Phalaris arundinacea. Seed regeneration of Phragmites varies greatly depending on hydrology, especially timing of water level changes. Flood events coinciding with the beginning of seedling emergence reduced establishment by as much as 59 % compared to flood events that occurred a few weeks later. Results of these investigations suggest that prevention of seed set (i.e., by removal of flowering culms) should be a priority in vegetation stands not being treated annually. After seeds are in the seedbank, preventing reinvasion using prescribed flooding has a low chance of success given that Phragmites can regenerate in a wide variety of hydrologic microsites.
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The study areas of those reports consisted of approximately 960 square miles in parts of three counties in central Oklahoma. This study area has multiple abundant sources of water, being underlain by three principal aquifers (alluvial/terrace, Central Oklahoma, and Vamoosa-Ada), being bordered by two major rivers (North Canadian and Canadian), and having several smaller drainages including the Little River in the central part of the study area and Salt Creek in the southeastern part of the study area. The Central Oklahoma aquifer (also referred to as the “Garber-Wellington aquifer”) underlies approximately 3,000 square miles in central Oklahoma in parts of Cleveland, Logan, Lincoln, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties and much of the study area. Water from these aquifers is used for municipal, industrial, commercial, agricultural, and domestic supplies.
\nMuch of the water in the study area is of good quality; however, in some parts of this area water quality was impaired by very hard surface water and groundwater, large chloride concentrations in some smaller streams, relatively large concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and large counts of fecal-indicator bacteria in the North Canadian River, and uranium concentrations that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 30 micrograms per liter for public water supplies in water samples collected from a small number of wells. Most stream-water samples collected from the Little River by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2012–13 had dissolved solids concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public water supplies of 500 milligrams per liter. Larger numbers of organic compounds were measured in water samples collected from the North Canadian River than the Little River.
\nNumerical groundwater-flow models were created to characterize flow systems in aquifers underlying this study area and areas of particular interest within the study area. Those models were used to estimate sustainable groundwater yields from parts of the North Canadian River alluvial aquifer, characterize groundwater/surface-water interactions, and estimate the effects of a 10-year simulated drought on streamflows and water levels in alluvial and bedrock aquifers. Pumping of wells at the Iron Horse Industrial Park was estimated to cause negligible infiltration of water from the adjoining North Canadian River. A 10-year simulated drought of 50 percent of normal recharge was tested for the period 1990–2000. For this period, the total amount of groundwater in storage was estimated to decrease by 8.6 percent in the North Canadian River alluvial aquifer and approximately 0.2 percent in the Central Oklahoma aquifer, and groundwater flow to streams was estimated to decrease by 28–37 percent. This volume of groundwater loss showed that the Central Oklahoma aquifer is a bedrock aquifer that has relatively low rates of recharge from the land surface. The simulated drought decreased simulated streamflow, composed of base flow, in the North Canadian River at Shawnee, Okla., which did not recover to predrought conditions until the relatively wet year of 2007 after the simulated drought period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Citizen Potawatomi Nation","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W.J., Becker, C.J., Ryter, D.W., and Smith, S.J., 2016, Summary of U.S. Geological Survey studies conducted\nin cooperation with the Citizen Potawatomi Nation, central Oklahoma, 2011–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific\nInvestigations Report 2015–5182, 22 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155182.","productDescription":"viii, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-068889","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314421,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5182/sir20155182.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5182"},{"id":314420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5182/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 34.53371242139564\n ],\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 35.290468565908775\n ],\n [\n -96.602783203125,\n 35.290468565908775\n ],\n [\n -96.602783203125,\n 34.53371242139564\n ],\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 34.53371242139564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma Water Science Center
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202 NW 66th, Bldg 7
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
http://ok.water.usgs.gov/
In 1958, the U.S. Geological Survey began documenting hydrologic conditions, including groundwater levels, groundwater withdrawals for agricultural irrigation and public water supply, and water quality, in the South Coast aquifer, Puerto Rico. This information has improved the understanding of the water resources of the region. The hydrologic data indicate that (1) groundwater levels declined as much as 40 feet in the Salinas area and 11 feet in the Guayama area during 2012–14; (2) groundwater withdrawals for agricultural irrigation increased from 6.0 to 10.5 million gallons per day, or 75 percent, from 2010 to 2012; and (3) total groundwater withdrawals decreased from 29.3 to 23.8 million gallons per day from 2010 to 2014. The quantity and quality of water in the aquifer is primarily affected by variations in aquifer recharge as a result of changing rainfall or modes of irrigation; however, the spatial patterns and magnitude of water withdrawals for all uses have a secondary impact on the quantity and quality of water in the aquifer.
\nNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data from climatological stations indicate that the 30-year normal precipitation for the period 1991–2010 in the South Coastal and Southern Slopes climatological regions was about 37.74 and 61.61 inches, respectively; the 30-year moving average precipitation for the period 1985–2014 was 37.94 and 61.80 inches, respectively, for these regions. The mean annual precipitation during 2012–14 was 13 percent below the 30-year moving average for the South Coastal climatological region and 7.7 percent below for the Southern Slopes climatological region. When rainfall is below the 30-year moving average, recharge is diminished and groundwater levels decline. Annual precipitation in the South Coast aquifer, which includes a large part of the South Coastal and Southern Slopes climatological regions, was 39.42, 37.25, and 34.89 inches per year for 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively.
\nWater level declines reduce the thickness of freshwater in the unconfined parts of the South Coast aquifer. Additionally, the pumping-induced migration of poor-quality water from deep or seaward areas of the aquifer can contribute to reductions in the thickness of freshwater in the aquifer. The reduction in the freshwater saturated thickness of the aquifer in areas near Ponce, Juana Díaz, Salinas, and Guayama is of particular concern because the total saturated thickness of the aquifer is thinner in these areas. Total dissolved solids concentration in groundwater samples indicates a small positive trend in Ponce, Santa Isabel, Salinas, and Guayama. Diminished aquifer recharge during 2012 to 2015 and, to a lesser extent, increased groundwater withdrawals have resulted in a reduction in the freshwater saturated thickness of the aquifer. The reduction in freshwater saturated thickness of the aquifer may affect freshwater resources available for agriculture and public water supply. A prolonged time period with reduced aquifer recharge may have substantial implications for groundwater levels and fresh groundwater availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Torres-González, Sigfredo, and Rodríguez, J.M., 2016, Hydrologic conditions in the South Coast aquifer, Puerto Rico, 2010–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1215, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151215.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065638","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1215/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1215/ofr20151215.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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U.S. Geological Survey
651 Federal Drive Suite 400-15
Guaynabo, PR 00965
http://pr.water.usgs.gov/
The awareness of insects as pollinators and indicators of environmental quality has grown in recent years, partially in response to declines in honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations. While most pesticide research has focused on honey bees, there has been less work on native bee populations. To determine the exposure of native bees to pesticides, bees were collected from an existing research area in northeastern Colorado from two land cover types: grasslands (2013-2014) and wheat fields (2014). Traps were deployed bi-monthly during the summer at each land cover type and all bees, regardless of species, were composited as whole samples and analyzed for 136 current-use pesticides and degradates. This reconnaissance approach provides a sampling of all species and represents overall pesticide exposure (internal and external). Nineteen pesticides and degradates were detected in 54 composite samples collected. Compounds detected in >10% of the samples included the insecticides thiamethoxam (46%), bifenthrin (28%), clothianidin (24%), chlorpyrifos (17%), and imidacloprid (13%), the fungicides azoxystrobin (17%), and pyraclostrobin (11%), and the herbicide atrazine (19%). Concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 312 ng/g for individual pesticides. Pesticides were detected in samples collected from both grasslands and wheat fields; the location of the sample and the surrounding land cover at the 1000 m buffer influenced the pesticides detected but because of a small number of temporally comparable samples, correlations between pesticide concentration and land cover were not significant. The results show native bees collected in both grasslands and wheat fields are exposed to multiple pesticides, these results can direct future research on routes/timing of pesticide exposure and the design of future conservation efforts for pollinators.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.077","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Vandever, M.W., and Smalling, K., 2016, Exposure of native bees foraging in an agricultural landscape to current-use pesticides: Science of the Total Environment, v. 542, p. 469-477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.077.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"477","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066702","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Logan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.58184814453125,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -103.58184814453125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -103.58734130859375,\n 40.543026009954986\n ],\n [\n -103.58184814453125,\n 40.474113752478836\n ],\n [\n -103.45275878906249,\n 40.48247052458949\n ],\n [\n -103.45275878906249,\n 40.42395127765169\n ],\n [\n -103.348388671875,\n 40.41767833585551\n ],\n [\n -102.76336669921875,\n 40.42081487986971\n ],\n [\n -102.7166748046875,\n 40.42290582797254\n ],\n [\n -102.68646240234375,\n 41.001666266518185\n ],\n [\n -103.58184814453125,\n 41.000629848685385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"542","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5698c6b0e4b0fbd3f7fa4bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandever, Mark W. vandeverm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"Mark","email":"vandeverm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920 ksmall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":149769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L. ","email":"ksmall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160699,"text":"sir20155183 - 2016 - Hydrogeological framework, numerical simulation of groundwater flow, and effects of projected water use and drought for the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T10:35:25","indexId":"sir20155183","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-14T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5183","title":"Hydrogeological framework, numerical simulation of groundwater flow, and effects of projected water use and drought for the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This report describes a study of the hydrology, hydrogeological framework, numerical groundwater-flow models, and results of simulations of the effects of water use and drought for the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma. The purpose of the study was to provide analyses, including estimating equal-proportionate-share (EPS) groundwater-pumping rates and the effects of projected water use and droughts, pertinent to water management of the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer for the Oklahoma Water Resources Board.
\nThe Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer consists of unconsolidated sand, gravel, silt, and clay in varying proportions that underlies the Beaver and North Canadian River Valleys for approximately 175 miles (mi) from the Oklahoma Panhandle to the western edge of Oklahoma City in central Oklahoma. The aquifer as delineated for this study varies from 4 to 12 mi wide and is as thick as 308 feet (ft) in the northwest where the aquifer includes the Ogallala Formation.
\nThere are two distinct but in most areas hydraulically connected alluvial units that compose the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer: a Quaternary-age topographically higher terrace deposit and a topographically lower, younger alluvium along the active river channel that includes active and Quaternary-age alluvium. The Beaver River composes the headwaters of the North Canadian River, which begins at the confluence of the Beaver River and Wolf Creek. The aquifer is divided for water management into two geographic areas: Reach I upstream from Canton Dam and Reach II downstream from Canton Dam. Reach I covers an area of approximately 874 square miles (mi2), and Reach II covers an area of approximately 371 mi2. The Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer crosses several climatic zones, from semiarid in the west to continental subhumid in the east. Mean annual precipitation varies from 23.5 inches (in.) in the western part of this aquifer to 35.7 in. in the east.
\nSurface-water demands were met through numerous temporary and permanent surface-water diversions from the Beaver and North Canadian Rivers during the period of study. During the study period, seven diversions removed a mean annual 2,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) of water from Reach I. There were 14 diversions from Reach II with a mean annual permitted volume of approximately 81,000 acre-ft, including diversion into the Lake Hefner Canal for the Oklahoma City public water supply. During the period of this study, 17 temporary surface-water diversion permits were active in Reach I, with total permitted volumes of 2,000 acre-ft, and 41 diversions were active in Reach II, with total permitted volumes of 38,000 acre-ft. The total water use for each temporary permit was assumed to be taken over the 3-month period allotted to temporary withdrawal permits.
\nThe groundwater-use analysis full period of record, 1967–2011, was divided into two sub-intervals because of varying water use, 1970–80 and 1981–2011. Groundwater use in Reach I and Reach II was substantially greater from 1970 to 1980 compared to the rest of the period, and the sub-period 1981–2011 was used because this period includes recent population growth and modern irrigation methods. The total mean annual groundwater use in Reach I was 15,309 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) during 1967–2011; 20,724 acre-ft/yr during 1970–80, and 13,739 acre-ft/yr during 1981–2011. Total mean annual groundwater use in Reach II was similar but slightly less than in Reach I, with 14,098 acre-ft/yr during 1967–2011; 19,963 acre-ft/yr during 1970–80; and 12,285 acre-ft/yr during 1981–2011.
\nIrrigation composed 72 percent of groundwater use in Reach I and 48 percent of groundwater use in Reach II during the 1967–2011 period. Public water supply was a much smaller proportion of total groundwater use in Reach I (15 percent) than in Reach II (39 percent). The proportion of groundwater use for power was 10 percent in Reach I and 5.2 percent in Reach II. All other water-use categories in Reach I only composed 2.2 percent of groundwater use in Reach I. In Reach II, industrial, mining, and commercial categories combined accounted for 4.4 percent of groundwater use; recreation, fish, and wildlife groundwater use accounted for 2.3 percent; and nonirrigated agriculture accounted for 1.5 percent of groundwater use.
\nPermian-age bedrock underlies the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer. In the east, the Dog Creek Shale, the Duncan Sandstone, and the Blaine and Chickasha Formations, none of which are notable sources of groundwater in the study area, underlie the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer. In the northwestern part of Reach I, bedrock is composed of the Rush Springs and Marlow Formations, which are productive aquifers in some areas. The Cloud Chief Formation is not a source of groundwater.
\nOne hydrogeological unit was delineated in the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer, composed of the terrace deposits and alluvium, with limited flow between this unit and bedrock units. Groundwater in this aquifer generally flows from northwest to southeast and across the aquifer toward the Beaver and North Canadian Rivers.
\nGroundwater recharge from precipitation was estimated for the entire Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer and then itemized for both reaches by using a soil-water-balance (SWB) model. At two locations in Reach I, a water-table fluctuation method was used to estimate local recharge. Total mean annual groundwater recharge from the soil-water-balance method was estimated to be approximately 136,400 acre-ft in Reach I and 82,400 acre-ft in Reach II; the mean annual recharge for both reaches combined was approximately 218,800 acre-ft. Two sites in Reach I located at observation wells with continuous water-level measurements and nearby streamflow-gaging stations with precipitation gages were used to estimate the percentage of precipitation that becomes groundwater recharge. The Woodward site was located at observation well OW-4 near the Woodward, Okla. (07237500), streamflow-gaging station. Total precipitation and recharge for the Woodward and Seiling sites were calculated for the water year 2013. The Woodward site had a total of 14.18 in. of precipitation and 6.3 in. of recharge was calculated, equaling 44 percent of precipitation. The mean percentage of precipitation that was estimated to become recharge in the SWB model for the period 1980–2011 at that location was 9.2 percent, although adjacent SWB-model cells were as high as 20 percent of precipitation. The Seiling site had a total of 26.84 in. of precipitation during the water year 2013, and a total of 6.9 in. of recharge was estimated, equaling 25.9 percent of precipitation. At the Seiling site, the mean percentage of precipitation that became recharge in the SWB model for the period 1980–2011 was 23.0 percent.
\nThe principal inflow to the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer was estimated to be surface recharge from precipitation, and plant evapotranspiration was estimated to be the greatest discharge, followed by stream and lake base flow, groundwater pumping, and flow to seeps and springs along the eastern margin of the aquifer. Reach I also included inflow from the High Plains aquifer as lateral inflow of groundwater, though this flow was estimated to be a very minor component of the total water budget. Most of the Beaver and North Canadian Rivers were determined to be gaining streamflow from groundwater, but several reaches in Reach I upstream from Wolf Creek were determined to be losing streamflow through infiltration to the aquifer.
\nAquifer hydrogeologic characteristics were estimated from borehole lithologic logs, well-construction information, and published aquifer tests and during numerical model calibration. The maximum saturated aquifer thickness in Reach I was estimated to be 308 ft, and the mean thickness was estimated to be 36 ft. The maximum saturated thickness in Reach II was estimated to be 86 ft, and the mean thickness was estimated to be 29 ft. Mean hydraulic conductivity of Reach I was estimated to be 70 feet per day (ft/d) with a range of 7–279 ft/d. Mean hydraulic conductivity in Reach II was estimated to be 92 ft/d with a range of 4–279 ft/d.
\nBoth reach models were calibrated manually by using trial-and-error adjustment of recharge, hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, and conductance of boundary conditions. The Reach I model used 28 head observations during the steady-state period of 1980 and 487 head observations during the transient period of 1981–2011. The root-mean-square error of head residuals (observed minus simulated head) was 3.86 ft, and 83 percent of head residuals were between -5 and 5 ft. The Reach II model was calibrated to 75 steady-state head observations and 134 head observations during the transient period. The root-mean-square error of head residuals for that reach was 3.58 ft, and similar to Reach I, 85 percent of residuals were between -5 and 5 ft.
\nSeveral analyses were performed by using the numeric groundwater-flow models as predictive tools, including estimating the EPS pumping rate for both reaches. The EPS is defined by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board as an annual per-acre groundwater-pumping rate that will reduce saturated thickness in half of the aquifer to 5 ft or less over a period of 20 years; additional estimates were made for periods of 40 and 50 years. Other analyses included using models to estimate the effects of groundwater pumping and a prolonged drought on groundwater in storage and streamflow and lake storage of water.
\nThe EPS pumping rate was found to be approximately 0.57 acre-feet per acre per year ([acre-ft/acre]/yr) in Reach I and 0.73 (acre-ft/acre)/yr in Reach II for a 20-year period. For a 40-year period, the annual EPS pumping rate was determined to be 0.54 (acre-ft/acre)/yr in Reach I and 0.61 (acre-ft/acre)/yr in Reach II. For a 50-year period, the EPS pumping rate was determined to be 0.53 (acre-ft/acre)/yr in Reach I and 0.61 (acre-ft/acre)/yr in Reach II.
\nGroundwater pumping at the 2011 rate for 50 years resulted in a 3.6-percent decrease in the amount of water in groundwater storage in Reach I and a decrease of 2.5 percent in the amount of groundwater in storage in Reach II. A cumulative 32-percent increase in pumping greater than the 2011 rate over a period of 50 years caused a decrease in groundwater storage of 4.0 percent in Reach I and 3.3 percent in Reach II.
\nA hypothetical severe drought was simulated by using aquifer recharge flow rates during the drought year of 2011 for a period of 10 years. All other flows including evapotranspiration and groundwater pumping were set at estimated 2011 rates. The hypothetical drought caused a decrease in water in aquifer storage by about 7 percent in Reach I and 7 percent in Reach II. Another analysis of the effects of hypothetical drought estimated the effects of drought on streamflow and lake storage. The hypothetical drought was simulated by decreasing recharge by 75 percent for a selected 10-year period (1994–2004) during the 1980–2011 simulation. In Reach I, the amounts of water stored in Canton Lake and streamflow at the Seiling, Okla., streamflow-gaging station were analyzed. Streamflow at the Seiling station decreased by a mean of 75 percent and was still diminished by 10 percent after 2011. In Reach II, the effect of drought on the streamflow at the Yukon, Okla., streamflow-gaging station was examined. The greatest mean streamflow decrease was approximately 60 percent during the simulated drought, and after 2011, the mean decrease in streamflow was still about 5 percent. Canton Lake storage decreased by as much as 83 percent during the simulated drought and did not recover by 2011.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Ryter, D.W., and Correll, J.S., 2016, Hydrogeological framework, numerical simulation of groundwater flow, and effects of projected water use and drought for the Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma (ver.1.1, February 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5183, 63 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155183.","productDescription":"xi, 63 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056873","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5183/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":314355,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5183/sir20155183.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.48 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5183"},{"id":318346,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5183/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2015-5183"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Beaver-North Canadian River alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -97.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -97.5,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted January 14, 2016; Version 1.1: February 24, 2016","contact":"Director, Oklahoma Water Science Center
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Process dynamics in fluvial-based dryland environments are highly complex with fluvial, aeolian, and alluvial processes all contributing to landscape change. When anthropogenic activities such as dam-building affect fluvial processes, the complexity in local response can be further increased by flood- and sediment-limiting flows. Understanding these complexities is key to predicting landscape behavior in drylands and has important scientific and management implications, including for studies related to paleoclimatology, landscape ecology evolution, and archaeological site context and preservation. Here we use multi-temporal LiDAR surveys, local weather data, and geomorphological observations to identify trends in site change throughout the 446-km-long semi-arid Colorado River corridor in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, where archaeological site degradation related to the effects of upstream dam operation is a concern. Using several site case studies, we show the range of landscape responses that might be expected from concomitant occurrence of dam-controlled fluvial sand bar deposition, aeolian sand transport, and rainfall-induced erosion. Empirical rainfall-erosion threshold analyses coupled with a numerical rainfall–runoff–soil erosion model indicate that infiltration-excess overland flow and gullying govern large-scale (centimeter- to decimeter-scale) landscape changes, but that aeolian deposition can in some cases mitigate gully erosion. Whereas threshold analyses identify the normalized rainfall intensity (defined as the ratio of rainfall intensity to hydraulic conductivity) as the primary factor governing hydrologic-driven erosion, assessment of false positives and false negatives in the dataset highlight topographic slope as the next most important parameter governing site response. Analysis of 4+ years of high resolution (four-minute) weather data and 75+ years of low resolution (daily) climate records indicates that dryland erosion is dependent on short-term, storm-driven rainfall intensity rather than cumulative rainfall, and that erosion can occur outside of wet seasons and even wet years. These results can apply to other similar semi-arid landscapes where process complexity may not be fully understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3874","usgsCitation":"Collins, B.D., Bedford, D., Corbett, S.C., Fairley, H.C., and Cronkite-Ratcliff, C., 2016, Relations between rainfall–runoff-induced erosion and aeolian deposition at archaeological sites in a semi-arid dam-controlled river corridor: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 41, no. 7, p. 899-917, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3874.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"899","endPage":"917","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052627","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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- Combined effects of projected sea level rise, storm surge, and peak river flows on water levels in the Skagit Floodplain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T09:16:38","indexId":"70173941","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-13T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined effects of projected sea level rise, storm surge, and peak river flows on water levels in the Skagit Floodplain","docAbstract":"Current understanding of the combined effects of sea level rise (SLR), storm surge, and changes in river flooding on near-coastal environments is very limited. This project uses a suite of numerical models to examine the combined effects of projected future climate change on flooding in the Skagit floodplain and estuary. Statistically and dynamically downscaled global climate model scenarios from the ECHAM-5 GCM were used as the climate forcings. Unregulated daily river flows were simulated using the VIC hydrology model, and regulated river flows were simulated using the SkagitSim reservoir operations model. Daily tidal anomalies (TA) were calculated using a regression approach based on ENSO and atmospheric pressure forcing simulated by the WRF regional climate model. A 2-D hydrodynamic model was used to estimate water surface elevations in the Skagit floodplain using resampled hourly hydrographs keyed to regulated daily flood flows produced by the reservoir simulation model, and tide predictions adjusted for SLR and TA. Combining peak annual TA with projected sea level rise, the historical (1970–1999) 100-yr peak high water level is exceeded essentially every year by the 2050s. The combination of projected sea level rise and larger floods by the 2080s yields both increased flood inundation area (+ 74%), and increased average water depth (+ 25 cm) in the Skagit floodplain during a 100-year flood. Adding sea level rise to the historical FEMA 100-year flood resulted in a 35% increase in inundation area by the 2040's, compared to a 57% increase when both SLR and projected changes in river flow were combined.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3955/046.090.0106","usgsCitation":"Hamman, J.J., Hamlet, A.F., Fuller, R., and Grossman, E., 2016, Combined effects of projected sea level rise, storm surge, and peak river flows on water levels in the Skagit Floodplain: Northwest Science, v. 90, no. 1, p. 57-78, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.090.0106.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063851","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3955/046.090.0106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":323930,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3955/046.090.0106"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Skagit","otherGeospatial":"Skagit Floodplain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 47.56540738772849\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 48.680080770292875\n ],\n [\n -119.4049072265625,\n 48.680080770292875\n ],\n [\n -119.4049072265625,\n 47.56540738772849\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 47.56540738772849\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913b4e4b07657d19fefe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamman, Josheph J","contributorId":172118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamman","given":"Josheph","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamlet, Alan F.","contributorId":15529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlet","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Roger","contributorId":172119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grossman, Eric E. 0000-0003-0269-6307 egrossman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-6307","contributorId":140908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","email":"egrossman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":639640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173528,"text":"70173528 - 2016 - Global perspectives on the urban stream syndrome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T15:11:11","indexId":"70173528","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-13T02:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global perspectives on the urban stream syndrome","docAbstract":"Urban streams commonly express degraded physical, chemical, and biological conditions that have been collectively termed the “urban stream syndrome”. The description of the syndrome highlights the broad similarities among these streams relative to their less-impaired counterparts. Awareness of these commonalities has fostered rapid improvements in the management of urban stormwater for the protection of downstream watercourses, but the focus on the similarities among urban streams has obscured meaningful differences among them. Key drivers of stream responses to urbanization can vary greatly among climatological and physiographic regions of the globe, and the differences can be manifested in individual stream channels even through the homogenizing veneer of urban development. We provide examples of differences in natural hydrologic and geologic settings (within similar regions) that can result in different mechanisms of stream ecosystem response to urbanization and, as such, should lead to different management approaches. The idea that all urban streams can be cured using the same treatment is simplistic, but overemphasizing the tremendous differences among natural (or human-altered) systems also can paralyze management. Thoughtful integration of work that recognizes the commonalities of the urban stream syndrome across the globe has benefitted urban stream management. Now we call for a more nuanced understanding of the regional, subregional, and local attributes of any given urban stream and its watershed to advance the physical, chemical, and ecological recovery of these systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","doi":"10.1086/684940","usgsCitation":"Roy, A.H., Booth, D.B., Capps, K.A., and Smith, B., 2016, Global perspectives on the urban stream syndrome: Freshwater Science, v. 35, no. 1, p. 412-420, https://doi.org/10.1086/684940.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"412","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063957","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a653be4b07657d1a11dac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, Derek B.","contributorId":100873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capps, Krista A.","contributorId":35456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capps","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Benjamin","contributorId":171838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159498,"text":"ofr20151209 - 2016 - USGS lidar science strategy—Mapping the technology to the science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T16:07:30","indexId":"ofr20151209","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-11T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1209","title":"USGS lidar science strategy—Mapping the technology to the science","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) utilizes light detection and ranging (lidar) and enabling technologies to support many science research activities. Lidar-derived metrics and products have become a fundamental input to complex hydrologic and hydraulic models, flood inundation models, fault detection and geologic mapping, topographic and land-surface mapping, landslide and volcano hazards mapping and monitoring, forest canopy and habitat characterization, coastal and fluvial erosion mapping, and a host of other research and operational activities. This report documents the types of lidar being used by the USGS, discusses how lidar technology facilitates the achievement of individual mission area goals within the USGS, and offers recommendations and suggested changes in direction in terms of how a mission area could direct work using lidar as it relates to the mission area goals that have already been established.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151209","usgsCitation":"Stoker, J.M., Brock, J.C., Soulard, C.E., Ries, K.G., Sugarbaker, L.J., Newton, W.E., Haggerty, P.K., Lee, K.E., and Young, J.A., 2016, USGS lidar science strategy—Mapping the technology to the science: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1209, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151209.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065301","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1209/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":313847,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1209/ofr20151209.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1209"}],"contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
511 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email:3dep@usgs.gov
http://www.usgs.gov/ngpo/
http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/
The Sutron 8310-N-S (8310) data collection platform (DCP) manufactured by Sutron Corporation was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) for conformance to the manufacturer’s specifications for recording and transmitting data. The 8310-N-S is a National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)-enclosed DCP with a built-in Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite transmitter that operates over a temperature range of −40 to 60 degrees Celsius (°C). The evaluation procedures followed and the results obtained are described in this report for bench, temperature chamber, and outdoor deployment testing. The three units tested met the manufacturer’s stated specifications for the tested conditions, but two of the units had transmission errors either during temperature chamber or deployment testing. During outdoor deployment testing, 6.72 percent of transmissions by serial number 1206109 contained errors, resulting in missing data. Transmission errors were also observed during temperature chamber testing with serial number 1208283, at an error rate of 3.22 percent. Overall, the 8310 has good logging capabilities, but the transmission errors are a concern for users who require reliable telemetered data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151210","usgsCitation":"Kunkle, G.A., 2016, Evaluation of the 8310 manufactured by Sutron—Results of bench, temperature, and field deployment testing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1210, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151210.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064816","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1210/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":313954,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1210/ofr20151210.pdf","text":"Report","size":"410 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1210"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Stennis Space Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.66423034667969,\n 30.312431154103745\n ],\n [\n -89.66423034667969,\n 30.365173612441442\n ],\n [\n -89.58045959472656,\n 30.365173612441442\n ],\n [\n -89.58045959472656,\n 30.312431154103745\n ],\n [\n -89.66423034667969,\n 30.312431154103745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Chief, Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 2101
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529
http://water.usgs.gov/hif/
Geophysical technologies have the potential to improve site characterization and monitoring in fractured rock, but the appropriate and effective application of geophysics at a particular site strongly depends on project goals (e.g., identifying discrete fractures) and site characteristics (e.g., lithology). No method works at every site or for every goal. New approaches are needed to identify a set of geophysical methods appropriate to specific project goals and site conditions while considering budget constraints. To this end, we present the Excel-based Fractured-Rock Geophysical Toolbox Method Selection Tool (FRGT-MST). We envision the FRGT-MST (1) equipping remediation professionals with a tool to understand what is likely to be realistic and cost-effective when contracting geophysical services, and (2) reducing applications of geophysics with unrealistic objectives or where methods are likely to fail.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12397","usgsCitation":"Day-Lewis, F., Johnson, C., Slater, L., Robinson, J., Williams, J., Boyden, C., Werkema, D., and Lane, J.W., 2016, A fractured rock geophysical toolbox method selection tool: Groundwater, v. 54, no. 3, p. 315-316, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12397.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"316","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71J97TH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fractured Rock Geophysical Toolbox Method Selection Tool (FRGT-MST)"},{"id":315282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b41e4b0403299f53996","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12397","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12397","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Day-Lewis F.D., Johnson C.D., Slater L.D., Robinson J.L., Williams J.H., Boyden C.L., Werkema D., Lane J.W.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"1/6/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day-Lewis, F. D. 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":35773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slater, L.D.","contributorId":63229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, J.L.","contributorId":13283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, J.H.","contributorId":29482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyden, C.L.","contributorId":153193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyden","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Werkema, D.D.","contributorId":60021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werkema","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lane, J. W.","contributorId":31431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70160939,"text":"70160939 - 2016 - Progress on water data integration and distribution: a summary of select U.S. Geological Survey data systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T13:03:15","indexId":"70160939","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-05T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2340,"text":"Journal of Hydroinformatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress on water data integration and distribution: a summary of select U.S. Geological Survey data systems","docAbstract":"Critical water-resources issues ranging from flood response to water scarcity make access to integrated water information, services, tools, and models essential. Since 1995 when the first water data web pages went online, the U.S. Geological Survey has been at the forefront of water data distribution and integration. Today, real-time and historical streamflow observations are available via web pages and a variety of web service interfaces. The Survey has built partnerships with Federal and State agencies to integrate hydrologic data providing continuous observations of surface and groundwater, temporally discrete water quality data, groundwater well logs, aquatic biology data, water availability and use information, and tools to help characterize the landscape for modeling. In this paper, we summarize the status and design patterns implemented for selected data systems. We describe how these systems contribute to a U.S. Federal Open Water Data Initiative and present some gaps and lessons learned that apply to global hydroinformatics data infrastructure.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/hydro.2015.067","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, D.L., Lucido, J., and Kreft, J., 2016, Progress on water data integration and distribution: a summary of select U.S. Geological Survey data systems: Journal of Hydroinformatics, v. 18, no. 2, p. 226-237, https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.067.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"237","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064680","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":471345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":313323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568ce931e4b0e7a44bc0f111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, David L. 0000-0001-9489-1710 dblodgett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-1710","contributorId":3868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"David","email":"dblodgett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucido, Jessica M. jlucido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucido","given":"Jessica M.","email":"jlucido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kreft, James M. jkreft@usgs.gov","contributorId":250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreft","given":"James M.","email":"jkreft@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":584262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200941,"text":"70200941 - 2016 - Invasive pythons, not anthropogenic stressors, explain the distribution of a keystone species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T11:18:13","indexId":"70200941","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T11:18:04","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive pythons, not anthropogenic stressors, explain the distribution of a keystone species","docAbstract":"Untangling the causes of native species loss in human-modified systems is difficult and often controversial. Evaluating the impact of non-native species in these systems is particularly challenging, as additional human perturbations often precede or accompany introductions. One example is the ongoing debate over whether mammal declines within Everglades National Park (ENP) were caused by either the establishment of non-native Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) or the effects of other anthropogenic stressors. We examined the influence of both pythons and a host of alternative stressors—altered hydrology and habitat characteristics, mercury contamination and development—on the distribution of the marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris), a once common mammal in ENP. Distance from the epicenter of the python invasion best explained marsh rabbit occurrence in suitable habitat patches, whereas none of the alternative stressors considered could explain marsh rabbit distribution. Estimates of the probability of marsh rabbit occurrence ranged from 0 at the python invasion epicenter to nearly 1.0 150 km from the invasion epicenter. These results support the hypothesis that invasive pythons shape the distribution of marsh rabbits in southern Florida. The loss of marsh rabbits and similar species will likely alter trophic interactions and ecosystem function within the Everglades, an internationally important hotspot of biodiversity. Further, our results suggest that non-native species can have profound impacts on mainland biodiversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-016-1221-3","usgsCitation":"Sovie, A.R., McCleery, R.A., Fletcher, R.J., and Hart, K.M., 2016, Invasive pythons, not anthropogenic stressors, explain the distribution of a keystone species: Biological Invasions, v. 18, no. 11, p. 3309-3318, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1221-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3309","endPage":"3318","ipdsId":"IP-065121","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 24.407137917727667\n ],\n [\n -79.991455078125,\n 24.407137917727667\n ],\n [\n -79.991455078125,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 24.407137917727667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5befe5bde4b045bfcadf7f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sovie, Adia R.","contributorId":197424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sovie","given":"Adia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleery, Robert A.","contributorId":139849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCleery","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Robert J. 0000-0003-1717-5707","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1717-5707","contributorId":195795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202285,"text":"70202285 - 2016 - Management-driven science synthesis: An evaluation of Everglades restoration trajectories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T11:02:00","indexId":"70202285","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T10:59:43","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Management-driven science synthesis: An evaluation of Everglades restoration trajectories","docAbstract":"The Synthesis of Everglades Restoration andEcosystem Services (SERES) Project was funded in 2010 by the U.S. Department of Interior (DOI) through the Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (CESI) and established to synthesize the ever-growing body of Everglades scientific information with the goal of addressing topics that have hampered restoration since the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) was passed in 2000. A distinguishing characteristic of this synthesis effort was that the target end-user was a management/\ndecision-maker audience. Specifically, the aim was to address the questions of the water managers and other decision leaders in a way that would illuminate and inform but not constrain or specify decisions. Since its inception, the SERES Project has been managed by the Everglades Foundation; however, a core group of scientifc experts from agencies, academic institutions, and the private sector have contributed to the project (see list on page 4). We\nbegan the project by interviewing key officials, including resource managers, decision-makers, and heads of agencies and environmental organizations. The objective of these interviews was to establish the Key Science Management Questions that needed to be addressed in order to advance restoration of the Everglades. The resulting questions led to the organization of project teams focused on Hydrology, Water Quality, Soils, Trophic Dynamics, and Landscape\nPattern. In order to establish the technical basis for the project, we conducted in depth reviews of the recent scientifc literature, evaluation tools and models, and available data in each of these core areas. Finally, we developed a suite of restoration options that would aid us in addressing the Key Questions and evaluated their relative performance from hydrological, ecological, and economic perspectives. General fndings of the SERES Project are described in subsequent sections, and technical reviews and results of analyses supporting this document are available in reports on the project website.","language":"English","publisher":"Everglades Foundation","usgsCitation":"Davis, S.E., Beerens, J.M., Borkhataria, R.R., Childers, D.L., Choi, J., Davis, S.M., Fitz, C., Gaiser, E., Henriquez, H., Lodge, T.E., Harvey, J., Marshall, F., McCormick, B., Naja, M., Osborne, T., Ross, M.S., Sah, J., Trexler, J.C., Van Lent, T., and Wetzel, P.R., 2016, Management-driven science synthesis: An evaluation of Everglades restoration trajectories, 60 p.","productDescription":"60 p.","ipdsId":"IP-071537","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361381,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361370,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evergladesfoundation.org/our-efforts/reports-papers/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.8753662109375,\n 25.030861410390447\n ],\n [\n -79.98596191406249,\n 25.030861410390447\n ],\n [\n -79.98596191406249,\n 28.38173504322308\n ],\n [\n -82.8753662109375,\n 28.38173504322308\n ],\n [\n -82.8753662109375,\n 25.030861410390447\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Stephen E","contributorId":213386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":17761,"text":"Everglades Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beerens, James M. 0000-0001-8143-916X jbeerens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-916X","contributorId":143722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beerens","given":"James","email":"jbeerens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borkhataria, Rena R.","contributorId":197425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borkhataria","given":"Rena","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Childers, Daniel L.","contributorId":201937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childers","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Choi, Jay","contributorId":213387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, Steven M","contributorId":213398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":38747,"text":"Ibis Ecosystems Associates, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fitz, Carl","contributorId":213388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitz","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38744,"text":"EcoLandMod, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gaiser, Evelyn","contributorId":213389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaiser","given":"Evelyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Henriquez, Hiram","contributorId":213390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henriquez","given":"Hiram","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38745,"text":"H2H Graphics","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lodge, Thomas E.","contributorId":202430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lodge","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36433,"text":"Thomas E. 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This is particularly true in regions with developing infrastructure and regions that are frequently exposed to extreme events. Gauge observations of rainfall are sparse but capture the precipitation process with high fidelity. Due to its high resolution and complete spatial coverage, satellite-derived rainfall data are an attractive alternative in data-sparse regions and are often used to support hydrometeorological early warning systems. Satellite-derived precipitation data, however, tend to underrepresent extreme precipitation events. Thus, it is often desirable to blend spatially extensive satellite-derived rainfall estimates with high-fidelity rain gauge observations to obtain more accurate precipitation estimates. In this research, we use two different methods, namely, ordinary kriging and κ-nearest neighbor local polynomials, to blend rain gauge observations with the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation satellite-derived precipitation estimates in data-sparse Central America and Colombia. The utility of these methods in producing blended precipitation estimates at pentadal (five-day) and monthly time scales is demonstrated. We find that these blending methods significantly improve the satellite-derived estimates and are competitive in their ability to capture extreme precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2015.2502956","usgsCitation":"Verdin, A., Funk, C.C., Rajagopalan, B., and Kleiber, W., 2016, Kriging and local polynomial methods for blending satellite-derived and gauge precipitation estimates to support hydrologic early warning systems: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 5, p. 2552-2562, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2502956.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2552","endPage":"2562","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056084","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333a9e4b033ef52106a79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, Andrew","contributorId":145812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verdin","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleiber, William","contributorId":145814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kleiber","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182565,"text":"70182565 - 2016 - Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T12:41:34","indexId":"70182565","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","docAbstract":"The ONSR is a karst park, containing many springs and caves. The “jewels” of the park are large springs, several of first magnitude, that contribute significantly to the flow and water quality of the Current River and its tributaries. Completion of 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping of the park and surrounding river basin, along with synthesis of published hydrologic data, allows us to examine the spatial relationships between the springs and the geologic framework to develop a conceptual model for genesis of these springs. Based on their similarity to mapped spring conduits, many of the caves in the ONSR are fossil conduit segments. Therefore, geologic control on the evolution of the springs also applies to speleogenesis in this part of the southern Missouri Ozarks.
Large springs occur in the ONSR area because: (1) the Ozark aquifer, from which they rise, is chiefly dolomite affected by solution via various processes over a long time period, (2) Paleozoic hypogenic fluid migration through these rocks exploited and enhanced flow-paths, (3) a consistent and low regional dip of the rocks off of the Salem Plateau (less than 2° to the southeast) allows integration of flow into large groundwater basins with a few discreet outlets, (4) the springs are located where the rivers have cut down into structural highs, allowing access to water from stratigraphic units deeper in the aquifer thus allowing development of springsheds that have volumetrically larger storage than smaller springs higher in the section, and (5) quartz sandstone and bedded chert in the carbonate stratigraphic succession that are locally to regionally continuous, serve as aquitards that locally confine groundwater up dip of the springs creating artesian conditions. This subhorizontal partitioning of the Ozark aquifer allows contributing areas for different springs to overlap, as evidenced by dye traces that cross adjacent groundwater basin boundaries, and possibly contributes to alternate flow routes under different groundwater flow regimes.
A better understanding of the 3-dimensional hydrogeologic framework for the large spring systems in the ONSR allows more precise mapping of the contributing areas for those springs, will guide future studies of groundwater flow paths, and inform development of groundwater resource management strategies for the park.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"GSA Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"2016","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO ","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America ","doi":"10.1130/abs/2016AM-282679","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., and Orndorff, R.C., 2016, Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, CO , 2016, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016AM-282679.","ipdsId":"IP-082624","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c1e4b01ccd54fddfbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175033,"text":"70175033 - 2016 - Application of an extreme winter storm scenario to identify vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T10:03:33","indexId":"70175033","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of an extreme winter storm scenario to identify vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA","docAbstract":"In the Sierra Nevada mountains (USA), and geographically similar areas across the globe where human development is expanding, extreme winter storm and flood risks are expected to increase with changing climate, heightening the need for communities to assess risks and better prepare for such events. In this case study, we demonstrate a novel approach to examining extreme winter storm and flood risks. We incorporated high-resolution atmospheric–hydrologic modeling of the ARkStorm extreme winter storm scenario with multiple modes of engagement with practitioners, including a series of facilitated discussions and a tabletop emergency management exercise, to develop a regional assessment of extreme storm vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the greater Lake Tahoe region of Northern Nevada and California, USA. Through this process, practitioners discussed issues of concern across all phases of the emergency management life cycle, including preparation, response, recovery, and mitigation. Interruption of transportation, communications, and interagency coordination were among the most pressing concerns, and specific approaches for addressing these issues were identified, including prepositioning resources, diversifying communications systems, and improving coordination among state, tribal, and public utility practitioners. Science needs included expanding real-time monitoring capabilities to improve the precision of meteorological models and enhance situational awareness, assessing vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure, and conducting cost–benefit analyses to assess opportunities to improve both natural and human-made infrastructure to better withstand extreme storms. Our approach and results can be used to support both land use and emergency planning activities aimed toward increasing community resilience to extreme winter storm hazards in mountainous regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-015-2003-4","usgsCitation":"Albano, C.M., Dettinger, M.D., McCarthy, M., Schaller, K.D., Wellborn, T., and Cox, D.A., 2016, Application of an extreme winter storm scenario to identify vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA: Natural Hazards, v. 80, no. 2, p. 879-900, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2003-4.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"879","endPage":"900","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068894","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cace4b0589fa1c98090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albano, Christine M.","contributorId":169455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albano","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, Maureen","contributorId":149897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Maureen","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaller, Kevin D.","contributorId":173217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaller","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellborn, Toby","contributorId":173203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wellborn","given":"Toby","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27191,"text":"USGS, NV WSC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cox, Dale A. dacox@usgs.gov","contributorId":165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dale","email":"dacox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70164495,"text":"70164495 - 2016 - Functional integrity of freshwater forested wetlands, hydrologic alteration, and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:23:36","indexId":"70164495","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5075,"text":"Ecosystem Health and Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional integrity of freshwater forested wetlands, hydrologic alteration, and climate change","docAbstract":"Climate change will challenge managers to balance the freshwater needs of humans and wetlands. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that most regions of the world will be exposed to higher temperatures, CO2, and more erratic precipitation, with some regions likely to have alternating episodes of intense flooding and mega-drought. Coastal areas will be exposed to more frequent saltwater inundation as sea levels rise. Local land managers desperately need intra-regional climate information for site-specific planning, management, and restoration activities. Managers will be challenged to deliver freshwater to floodplains during climate change-induced drought, particularly within hydrologically altered and developed landscapes. Assessment of forest health, both by field and remote sensing techniques, will be essential to signal the need for hydrologic remediation. Studies of the utility of the release of freshwater to remediate stressed forested floodplains along the Murray and Mississippi Rivers suggest that brief episodes of freshwater remediation for trees can have positive health benefits for these forests. The challenges of climate change in forests of the developing world will be considered using the Tonle Sap of Cambodia as an example. With little ecological knowledge of the impacts, managing climate change will add to environmental problems already faced in the developing world with new river engineering projects. These emerging approaches to remediate stressed trees will be of utmost importance for managing worldwide floodplain forests with predicted climate changes.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1002/ehs2.1200","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., and Souter, N.J., 2016, Functional integrity of freshwater forested wetlands, hydrologic alteration, and climate change: Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, v. 2, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1200.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067130","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1200","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":316754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bb1bc3e4b08d617f654e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Souter, Nicholas J.","contributorId":156360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Souter","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":20325,"text":"Fauna & Flora International, Cambodia Programme, Phnom Penh, 12000, Cambodia, 5001 Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170556,"text":"70170556 - 2016 - Hydropedology: Synergistic integration of soil science and hydrology in the Critical Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-27T09:35:34","indexId":"70170556","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydropedology: Synergistic integration of soil science and hydrology in the Critical Zone","docAbstract":"
Effective management of water resources requires accurate information on the mass, or load of water-quality constituents transported from upstream watersheds to downstream receiving waters. Despite this need, no single method has been shown to consistently provide accurate load estimates among different water-quality constituents, sampling sites, and sampling regimes. We evaluate the accuracy of several load estimation methods across a broad range of sampling and environmental conditions. This analysis uses random sub-samples drawn from temporally-dense data sets of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate, and suspended-sediment concentration, and includes measurements of specific conductance which was used as a surrogate for dissolved solids concentration. Methods considered include linear interpolation and ratio estimators, regression-based methods historically employed by the U.S. Geological Survey, and newer flexible techniques including Weighted Regressions on Time, Season, and Discharge (WRTDS) and a generalized non-linear additive model. No single method is identified to have the greatest accuracy across all constituents, sites, and sampling scenarios. Most methods provide accurate estimates of specific conductance (used as a surrogate for total dissolved solids or specific major ions) and total nitrogen – lower accuracy is observed for the estimation of nitrate, total phosphorus and suspended sediment loads. Methods that allow for flexibility in the relation between concentration and flow conditions, specifically Beale’s ratio estimator and WRTDS, exhibit greater estimation accuracy and lower bias. Evaluation of methods across simulated sampling scenarios indicate that (1) high-flow sampling is necessary to produce accurate load estimates, (2) extrapolation of sample data through time or across more extreme flow conditions reduces load estimate accuracy, and (3) WRTDS and methods that use a Kalman filter or smoothing to correct for departures between individual modeled and observed values benefit most from more frequent water-quality sampling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.08.059","usgsCitation":"Lee, C.J., Hirsch, R.M., Schwarz, G., Holtschlag, D.J., Preston, S.D., Crawford, C.G., and Vecchia, A.V., 2016, An evaluation of methods for estimating decadal stream loads: Journal of Hydrology, v. 542, p. 185-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.08.059.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"203","ipdsId":"IP-070870","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.08.059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"542","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006063e4b0e85db3a5ddd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Casey J. 0000-0002-5753-2038 cjlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-2038","contributorId":2627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Casey","email":"cjlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401 avecchia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":1173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"avecchia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}