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The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta of California once was a great tidal freshwater marsh blanketed by peat and peaty alluvium. Beginning in the late 1800s, levees were built along the stream channels, and the land thus protected from flooding was drained, cleared, and planted. Although the Delta is now an exceptionally rich agricultural area (over a $500 million crop value in 1993), its unique value is as a source of freshwater for the rest of the State. It is the heart of a massive north-to-south waterdelivery system. Much of this water is pumped southward for use in the San Joaquin Valley and elsewhere in central and southern California. The leveed tracts and islands help to protect water-export facilities in the southern Delta from saltwater intrusion by displacing water and maintaining favorable freshwater gradients. However, ongoing subsidence behind the levees reduces levee stability and, thus, threatens to degrade water quality in the massive north-to-south water-transfer system.

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Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00500","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Ikehara, M.E., Galloway, D., and Jones, D., 2000, Delta subsidence in California: The sinking heart of the state: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 005-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00500.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs00500.jpg"},{"id":11162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/fs00500/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26596.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.817,\n 37.752\n ],\n [\n -121.4,\n 37.752\n ],\n [\n -121.4,\n 38.35\n ],\n [\n -121.817,\n 38.35\n ],\n [\n -121.817,\n 37.752\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66f25c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. 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Naturally occurring radionuclides in the ground water of southeastern Pennsylvania may pose a health hazard to some residents, especially those drinking water from wells drilled in the Chickies Quartzite. Water from 46 percent of wells sampled in the Chickies Quartzite and 7 percent of wells sampled in other geologic formations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) for total radium. Radon-222 may pose a health problem for homeowners by contributing to indoor air radon-222 levels. The radon-222 activity of water from 89 percent of sampled wells exceeded 300 pCi/L (picocuries per liter), the proposed USEPA MCL, and water from 16 percent of sampled wells exceeded 4,000 pCi/L. Uranium does not appear to be present in elevated concentrations in ground water in southeastern Pennsylvania.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs01200","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 2000, Naturally occurring radionuclides in the ground water of southeastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 012-00, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01200.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0012/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":34173,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0012/fs20000012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2000-0012"},{"id":348166,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0012/","text":"Report HTML","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"GS 2000-0012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 39.715638134796336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69806a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6621,"text":"fs07999 - 2000 - Finding your way with map and compass","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6621,"text":"fs07999 - 2000 - Finding your way with map and compass","indexId":"fs07999","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Finding your way with map and compass"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":30724,"text":"fs03501 - 2001 - Finding Your Way with Map and Compass","indexId":"fs03501","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Finding Your Way with Map and Compass"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":30724,"text":"fs03501 - 2001 - Finding Your Way with Map and Compass","indexId":"fs03501","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Finding Your Way with Map and Compass"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T08:49:43","indexId":"fs07999","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"079-99","title":"Finding your way with map and compass","docAbstract":"A topographic map tells you where things\nare and how to get to them, whether\nyou're hiking, biking, hunting, fishing, or\njust interested in the world around you.\nThese maps describe the shape of the\nland. They define and locate natural and\nmanmade features like woodlands, waterways,\nimportant buildings, and bridges.\nThey show the distance between any two\nplaces, and they also show the direction\nfrom one point to another.\nDistances and directions take a bit of figuring,\nbut the topography and features of\nthe land are easy to determine. The topography\nis shown by contours. These are\nimaginary lines that follow the ground\nsurface at a constant elevation; they are\nusually printed in brown, in two thicknesses.\nThe heavier lines are called index\ncontours, and they are usually marked\nwith numbers that give the height in feet\nor meters. The contour interval, a set difference\nin elevation between the brown\nlines, varies from map to map; its value is\ngiven in the margin of each map. Contour\nlines that are close together represent\nsteep slopes.\nNatural and manmade features are represented\nby colored areas and by a set of\nstandard symbols on all U.S . Geological\nSurvey (USGS) topographic maps.\nWoodlands, for instance, are shown in a\ngreen tint; waterways, in blue. Buildings\nmay be shown on the map as black\nsquares or outlines. Recent changes in an\narea may be shown by a purple overprint.\nA road may be printed in red or black\nsolid or dashed lines, depending on its\nsize and surface. A list of symbols is\navailable from the Earth Science\nInformation Center (ESIC).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs07999","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Finding your way with map and compass: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 079-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07999.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0079-99/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":286108,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0079-99/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f46a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6569,"text":"fs02500 - 2000 - Geologic framework and processes of Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"fs02500","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"025-00","title":"Geologic framework and processes of Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs02500","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Geologic framework and processes of Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 025-00, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 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No abstract available 

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In practical terms, water use is divided into two basic types: instream use and offstream use. Instream use is water used in its natural channel, basin, or behind a dam and includes activities such as fishing, boating, and other recreational activities. Instream use also includes hydroelectric power generation. Off-stream use is water pumped or diverted from its natural channel, basin, or aquifer. Off-stream uses are divided into the following categories: public supply, domestic, commercial, industrial, thermoelectric power, mining, livestock, and irrigation. This fact sheet provides an overview of offstream and hydroelectric power water use in Pennsylvania. It describes water withdrawals by source, water withdrawals and deliveries by category, changes in water use over time, and water-management responsibilities in the State.

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\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

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Deslizamientos, flujos de escombrera y desastres geológicos similares provenientes de volcanes ocurren alrededor del mundo. Cada año estos desastres causan billones de dólares en pérdidas y un sinnúmero de fatalidades y heridos. El primer paso para reducir los efectos dañinos causados por estos desastres es el conocimiento y educación acerca de ellos. El Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos se dedica a educar una gran cantidad de personas a través de información e investigaciones acerca de peligros geológicos. Este documento está publicado en inglés y español y puede ser reproducido de cualquier forma para fomentar su distribución.

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Oil and natural gas account for approximately 63 percent of the world’s total energy consumption. The U.S. Geological Survey periodically estimates the amount of oil and gas remaining to be found in the world. Since 1981, each of the last four of these assessments has shown a slight increase in the combined volume of identified reserves and undiscovered resources. The latest assessment estimates the volume of technically recoverable conventional oil and gas that may be added to the world's reserves, exclusive of the United States, in the next 30 years. The USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000 reports an increase in global petroleum resources, including a 20-percent increase in undiscovered oil and a 14-percent decrease in undiscovered natural gas compared to the previous assessment (table 1). These results have important implications for energy prices, policy, security, and the global resource balance.

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No abstract available.

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Landslide hazards occur in many places around What Can You Do If You Live Near Steep Hills? the world and include fast-moving debris flows, slow-moving landslides, and a variety of flows and slides initiating from volcanoes. Each year, these hazards cost billions of dollars and cause numerous fatalities and injuries. Awareness and education about these hazards is a first step toward reducing damaging effects. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts research and distributes information about geologic hazards. This Fact Sheet is published in English and Spanish and can be reproduced in any form for further distribution. 

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Annual State reporting requirements yield data on public water-supply use in Kansas. data is essential for responsible and effective use of the information by various State agencies. This fact sheet describes water-use data evaluation, illustrates variations in public-supply water use from 1987 through 1997, and documents improvements in water conservation efforts among Kansas public water suppliers. This fact sheet is part of an ongoing study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office and is supported in part by the Kansas State Water Plan Fund.

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Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687e0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenny, Joan F.","contributorId":69132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"Joan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5061,"text":"fs16899 - 2000 - Trends in surface-water quality during implementation of best-management practices in Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T12:48:56","indexId":"fs16899","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"168-99","title":"Trends in surface-water quality during implementation of best-management practices in Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"

Analyses of water samples collected over a 5-year period (1993-98) in the Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins during implementation of agricultural best-management practices (BMP’s) indicate statistically significant trends in the concentrations of several nutrient species and in nonfilterable residue (suspended solids). The strongest trends identified were those indicated by a more than 50- percent decrease in the flow-adjusted concentrations of total and dissolved phosphorus and total residue in base flow in the two streams. Analyses of stormflow samples showed a 31-percent decrease in the flow-adjusted concentration of total phosphorus in Mill Creek and a 54-percent decrease in total nonfilterable residue in Muddy Run. A 58-percent increase in the flow-adjusted concentration of total ammonia nitrogen in stormflow was found at Muddy Run.

Although the effects of a specific BMP on the indicated trends is uncertain, results of statistical trend tests of the data suggest that stream fencing, possibly in concert with other practices, such as stream crossings for livestock, barnyard runoff control, manure-storage facilities, and rotational grazing, was effective in improving water quality during base flow and probably low to moderate stormflow conditions. Additional improvements in water quality in the Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins seems likely as the implementation of BMP’s is expected to continue. Thus, the full effect of BMP implementation in the two basins may not be observed for some time.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs16899","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Koerkle, E.H., 2000, Trends in surface-water quality during implementation of best-management practices in Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 168-99, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16899.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0168/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0168/fs19990168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"411 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1999-0168"}],"contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

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