{"pageNumber":"1121","pageRowStart":"28000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40859,"records":[{"id":70025151,"text":"70025151 - 2003 - Comparison of heat and bromide as ground-water tracers near streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:37:37","indexId":"70025151","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of heat and bromide as ground-water tracers near streams","docAbstract":"Heat and bromide were compared as tracers for examining stream/ground water exchanges along the middle reaches of the Santa Clara River, California, during a 10-hour surface water sodium bromide injection test. Three cross sections that comprise six shallow (<1 m) piezometers were installed at the upper, middle, and lower sections of a 17 km long study reach, to monitor temperatures and bromide concentrations in the shallow ground water beneath the stream. A heat and ground water transport simulation model and a closely related solute and ground water transport simulation model were matched up for comparison of simulated and observed temperatures and bromide concentrations in the streambed. Vertical, one-dimensional simulations of sediment temperature were fitted to observed temperature results, to yield apparent streambed hydraulic conductivities in each cross section. The temperature-based hydraulic conductivities were assigned to a solute and ground water transport model to predict sediment bromide concentrations, during the sodium bromide injection test. Vertical, one-dimensional simulations of bromide concentrations in the sediments yielded a good match to the observed bromide concentrations, without adjustment of any model parameters except solute dispersivities. This indicates that, for the spatial and temporal scales examined on the Santa Clara River, the use of heat and bromide as tracers provide comparable information with respect to apparent hydraulic conductivities and fluxes for sediments near streams. In other settings, caution should be used due to differences in the nature of conservative (bromide) versus nonconservative (heat) tracers, particularly when preferential flowpaths are present.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Cox, M., and Su, G., 2003, Comparison of heat and bromide as ground-water tracers near streams: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 647-656, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"656","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara River","volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f842e4b0c8380cd4cf9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, J.","contributorId":29953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, M.H.","contributorId":34306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Su, G.W.","contributorId":23314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025147,"text":"70025147 - 2003 - Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025147","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density","docAbstract":"We developed a movement model to examine the distribution and survival of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in a reservoir subject to large spatial and temporal variation in dissolved oxygen and temperature. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were simulated by a CE-QUAL-W2 model of Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho for a typical wet, normal, and dry hydrologic year. We compared current water quality conditions to scenarios with reduced nutrient inputs to the reservoir. White sturgeon habitat quality was modeled as a function of temperature, dissolved oxygen and, in some cases, suitability for foraging and depth. We assigned a quality index to each cell along the bottom of the reservoir. The model simulated two aspects of daily movement. Advective movement simulated the tendency for animals to move toward areas with high habitat quality, and diffusion simulated density dependent movement away from areas with high sturgeon density in areas with non-lethal habitat conditions. Mortality resulted when sturgeon were unable to leave areas with lethal temperature or dissolved oxygen conditions. Water quality was highest in winter and early spring and lowest in mid to late summer. Limiting nutrient inputs reduced the area of Brownlee Reservoir with lethal conditions for sturgeon and raised the average habitat suitability throughout the reservoir. Without movement, simulated white sturgeon survival ranged between 45 and 89%. Allowing movement raised the predicted survival of sturgeon under all conditions to above 90% as sturgeon avoided areas with low habitat quality. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A., Jager, H., and Myers, R., 2003, Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density: Ecological Modelling, v. 167, no. 1-2, p. 97-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8.","startPage":"97","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8"},{"id":236211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c5ee4b0c8380cd6fc2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, A.B.","contributorId":17030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jager, H.I.","contributorId":99734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jager","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, R.","contributorId":80060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025176,"text":"70025176 - 2003 - Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T17:02:18.291394","indexId":"70025176","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Source model for the M<sub>w</sub> 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","title":"Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 23 October 2002 Nenana Mountain Earthquake (M</span><sub><i>w</i></sub><span> ∼ 6.7) occurred on the Denali Fault (Alaska), to the west of the M</span><sub><i>w</i></sub><span> ∼ 7.9 Denali Earthquake that ruptured the same fault 11 days later. We used 6 interferograms, constructed using radar images from the Canadian Radarsat-1 and European ERS-2 satellites, to determine the coseismic surface deformation and a source model. Data were acquired on ascending and descending satellite passes, with incidence angles between 23 and 45 degrees, and time intervals of 72 days or less. Modeling the event as dislocations in an elastic half space suggests that there was nearly 0.9 m of right-lateral strike-slip motion at depth, on a near-vertical fault, and that the maximum slip in the top 4 km of crust was less than 0.2 m. The Nenana Mountain Earthquake increased the Coulomb stress at the future hypocenter of the 3 November 2002, Denali Earthquake by 30–60 kPa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018014","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.J., Lu, Z., and Wicks, C., 2003, Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 18, p. 12-1-12-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"12-1","endPage":"12-4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali fault, Nenana Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              62\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9330e4b08c986b31a34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Tim J.","contributorId":84959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025143,"text":"70025143 - 2003 - Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:53:09.609395","indexId":"70025143","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigate the&nbsp;</span>performance<span>&nbsp;of a source&nbsp;</span>location<span>&nbsp;</span>method<span>&nbsp;that combines multichannel&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;and particle motions and is being increasingly used to obtain estimates of the source locations of very&nbsp;</span>long<span>&nbsp;</span>period<span>&nbsp;(VLP) seismic&nbsp;</span>signals<span>&nbsp;recorded on volcanoes. The&nbsp;</span>method<span>&nbsp;makes use of the&nbsp;</span>radial<span>&nbsp;particle motions and large wavelengths that characterize the VLP events. To assess the capabilities of this&nbsp;</span>radial<span>&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;</span>method<span>, and to better understand its limitations, we quantify the effects of window length, noise contents of the&nbsp;</span>signal<span>, inaccurate velocity models, receiver coverage, and orientation errors in the horizontal components of the receivers. Our results show that the&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;</span>method<span>&nbsp;performs best when (1) the noise level is low enough to allow a good characterization of the waveforms, (2) the sources are located at distances between one half of the average receiver spacing and about two times the network aperture, and (3) the orientations of the horizontal components of the seismometers are known with relative accuracy. When these requirements are met, the&nbsp;</span>radial<span>&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;</span>method<span>&nbsp;constitutes an adequate tool to obtain preliminary locations of VLP&nbsp;</span>volcanic<span>&nbsp;</span>signals<span>&nbsp;recorded by broadband networks. Moreover, we provide a formula to determine the&nbsp;</span>radial<span>&nbsp;</span>semblance<span>&nbsp;level that should be used to define error regions associated to the estimated source locations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020143","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., and Chouet, B., 2003, Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 5, p. 1890-1903, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020143.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1890","endPage":"1903","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7690e4b0c8380cd781ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025142,"text":"70025142 - 2003 - Sand ridges off Sarasota, Florida: A complex facies boundary on a low-energy inner shelf environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T11:46:40","indexId":"70025142","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand ridges off Sarasota, Florida: A complex facies boundary on a low-energy inner shelf environment","docAbstract":"The innermost shelf off Sarasota, Florida was mapped using sidescan-sonar imagery, seismic-reflection profiles, surface sediment samples, and short cores to define the transition between an onshore siliciclastic sand province and an offshore carbonate province and to identify the processes controlling the distribution of these distinctive facies. The transition between these facies is abrupt and closely tied to the morphology of the inner shelf. A series of low-relief nearly shore-normal ridges characterize the inner shelf. Stratigraphically, the ridges are separated from the underlying Pleistocene and Tertiary carbonate strata by the Holocene ravinement surface. While surficial sediment is fine to very-fine siliciclastic sand on the southeastern sides of the ridges and shell hash covers their northwestern sides, the cores of these Holocene deposits are a mixture of both of these facies. Along the southeastern edges of the ridges the facies boundary coincides with the discontinuity that separates the ridge deposits from the underlying strata. The transition from siliciclastic to carbonate sediment on the northwestern sides of the ridges is equally abrupt, but it falls along the crests of the ridges rather than at their edges. Here the facies transition lies within the Holocene deposit, and appears to be the result of sediment reworking by modern processes. This facies distribution primarily appears to result from south-flowing currents generated during winter storms that winnow the fine siliciclastic sediment from the troughs and steeper northwestern sides of the ridges. A coarse shell lag is left armoring the steeper northwestern sides of the ridges, and the fine sediment is deposited on the gentler southeastern sides of the ridges. This pronounced partitioning of the surficial sediment appears to be the result of the siliciclastic sand being winnowed and transported by these currents while the carbonate shell hash falls below the threshold of sediment movement and is left as a lag. The resulting facies boundaries on this low-energy, sediment-starved inner continental shelf are of two origins which both are tied to the remarkably subtle ridge morphology. Along the southeastern sides of the ridges the facies boundary coincides with a stratigraphic discontinuity that separates Holocene from the older deposits while the transition along the northwestern sides of the ridges is within the Holocene deposit and is the result of sediment redistribution by modern processes. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00185-3","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Brooks, G.L., Gelfenbaum, G., Paskevich, V., and Donahue, B., 2003, Sand ridges off Sarasota, Florida: A complex facies boundary on a low-energy inner shelf environment: Marine Geology, v. 200, no. 1-4, p. 243-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00185-3.","startPage":"243","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00185-3"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b869ce4b08c986b31602d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.","contributorId":53144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Gillian L.","contributorId":31033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Gillian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paskevich, V.","contributorId":61583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskevich","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donahue, Brian","contributorId":22951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donahue","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":403984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025138,"text":"70025138 - 2003 - Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025138","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska","docAbstract":"Loess is one of the most widespread subaerial deposits in Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory and may have a history that goes back 3 Ma. Based on mineralogy and major and trace element chemistry, central Alaskan loess has a composition that is distinctive from other loess bodies of the world, although it is quartz-dominated. Central Alaskan loess was probably derived from a variety of rock types, including granites, metabasalts and schists. Detailed stratigraphic data and pedologic criteria indicate that, contrary to early studies, many palaeosols are present in central Alaskan loess sections. The buried soils indicate that loess sedimentation was episodic, or at least rates of deposition decreased to the point where pedogenesis could keep ahead of aeolian input. As in China, loess deposition and pedogenesis are likely competing processes and neither stops completely during either phase of the loess/soil formation cycle. Loess deposition in central Alaska took place before, and probably during the last interglacial period, during stadials of the mid-Wisconsin period, during the last glacial period and during the Holocene. An unexpected result of our geochronological studies is that only moderate loess deposition took place during the last glacial period. Our studies lead us to conclude that vegetation plays a key role in loess accumulation in Alaska. Factors favouring loess production are enhanced during glacial periods but factors that favour loess accumulation are diminished during glacial periods. The most important of these is vegetation; boreal forest serves as an effective loess trap, but sparsely distributed herb tundra does not. Thus, thick accumulations of loess should not be expected where tundra vegetation was dominant and this is borne out by modern studies near the treeline in central Alaska. Much of the stratigraphic diversity of North American loess, including that found in the Central Lowlands, the Great Plains, and Alaska is explained by a new model that emphasizes the relative importance of loess production factors versus loess accumulation factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Ager, T.A., Bettis, E., McGeehin, J., Been, J., Beget, J.E., Pavich, M., Stafford, T.W., and Stevens, D., 2003, Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, no. 18-19, p. 1947-1986, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7.","startPage":"1947","endPage":"1986","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7"},{"id":236060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"18-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99ace4b08c986b31c542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Been, J.M.","contributorId":26685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beget, J. E.","contributorId":63392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stafford, Thomas W. Jr.","contributorId":21283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stevens, D.A.S.P.","contributorId":21330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"D.A.S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025132,"text":"70025132 - 2003 - The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T21:12:50.243944","indexId":"70025132","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northward migration of the Mendocino triple junction has resulted in a fundamental modification of the crust of coastal California. As a consequence of viscous coupling between the southern edge of the Gorda slab and the base of the North American crust beneath the Coast Ranges of central and northern California, the crust of coastal California was first thickened and then thinned. This viscous coupling and ephemeral crustal thickening has produced a distinctive pattern of uplift that allows us to map the three-dimensional extent of crustal modification. This pattern of crustal deformation has combined with the strain field of the developing San Andreas fault system to produce the observed pattern of near-surface deformation. The rapid rise in heat flow south of the triple junction observed in the northern Coast Ranges is a direct consequence of development and removal of the crustal welt that migrated with the triple junction.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.45.9.767","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Furlong, K., Lock, J., Guzofski, C., Whitlock, J., and Benz, H., 2003, The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 9, p. 767-779, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.45.9.767.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"779","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mendocino Triple Junction","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.5078125,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.5078125,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.5078125,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7e0e4b08c986b321868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, K.P.","contributorId":35490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lock, J.","contributorId":40784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lock","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guzofski, C.","contributorId":18950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzofski","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlock, J.","contributorId":36732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benz, H.","contributorId":61953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025131,"text":"70025131 - 2003 - Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European Craton: Implications for the subsidence of the Russian platform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025131","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European Craton: Implications for the subsidence of the Russian platform","docAbstract":"A new mechanism for Paleozoic subsidence of the Russian, or East European, platform is suggested, since a model of lithosphere tilting during the Uralian subduction does not explain the post-Uralian sedimentation record. Alternatively, I propose that the Proterozoic and Paleozoic rifting (when a platform-scale Central Russia rift system and a set of Paleozoic rifts were formed) modified the structure and composition of cratonic lithosphere, and these tectono-magmatic events are responsible for the post-Uralian subsidence of the Russian platform. To support this hypothesis, (a) the thermal regime and the thickness of the lithosphere are analyzed, and (b) lithospheric density variations of non-thermal origin are calculated from free-board constraints. The results indicate that Proterozoic and Paleozoic rifting had different effects on the lithospheric structure and composition. (1) Proterozoic rifting is not reflected in the present thermal regime and did not cause significant lithosphere thinning (most of the Russian platform has lithospheric thickness of 150-180 km and the lithosphere of the NE Baltic Shield is 250-300 km thick). Paleozoic rifting resulted in pronounced lithospheric thinning (to 120-140 km) in the southern parts of the Russian platform. (2) Lithospheric density anomalies suggest that Proterozoic-Paleozoic rifting played an important role in the platform subsidence. The lithospheric mantle of the Archean-early Proterozoic part of the Baltic Shield is ??? 1.4 ?? 0.2% less dense than the typical Phanerozoic upper mantle. However, the density deficit in the subcrustal lithosphere of most of the Russian platform is only about (0.4-0.8) ?? 0.2% and decreases southwards to ???0%. Increased densities (likely associated with low depletion values) in the Russian platform suggest strong metasomatism of the cratonic lithosphere during rifting events, which led to its subsidence. It is proposed that only the lower part of the cratonic lithosphere was metasomatized as a result of Proterozoic rifting; the boundary between a depleted upper and more fertile lower layers can be at ca. 90-150 km depth and can produce a seismic pattern similar to the top of a seismic low-velocity zone. Paleozoic rifting has modified the entire lithospheric column and the regions affected are still subsiding. Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00327-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Artemieva, I., 2003, Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European Craton: Implications for the subsidence of the Russian platform: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 213, no. 3-4, p. 431-446, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00327-3.","startPage":"431","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478512,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/49250885/2003_EPSL_EEC_Art.PDF","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00327-3"},{"id":235952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"213","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48a1e4b0c8380cd67fda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artemieva, I.M.","contributorId":71728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artemieva","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025130,"text":"70025130 - 2003 - A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025130","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes","docAbstract":"Large sustained well water level changes (>10 cm) in response to distant (more than hundreds of kilometers) earthquakes have proven enigmatic for over 30 years. Here we use high sampling rates at a well near Grants Pass, Oregon, to perform the first simultaneous analysis of both the dynamic response of water level and sustained changes, or steps. We observe a factor of 40 increase in the ratio of water level amplitude to seismic wave ground velocity during a sudden coseismic step. On the basis of this observation we propose a new model for coseismic pore pressure steps in which a temporary barrier deposited by groundwater flow is entrained and removed by the more rapid flow induced by the seismic waves. In hydrothermal areas, this mechanism could lead to 4 ?? 10-2 MPa pressure changes and triggered seismicity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brodsky, E.E., Roeloffs, E., Woodcock, D., Gall, I., and Manga, M., 2003, A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 8.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e44be4b0c8380cd4656e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brodsky, E. E.","contributorId":108285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodcock, D.","contributorId":70261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodcock","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gall, I.","contributorId":12753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gall","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manga, M.","contributorId":39261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manga","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025126,"text":"70025126 - 2003 - An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:35:43","indexId":"70025126","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability","docAbstract":"<p><span>A predominant cause of dispersion in groundwater is advective mixing due to variability in seepage rates. Hydraulic conductivity variations have been extensively researched as a cause of this seepage variability. In this paper the effect of variations in surface recharge to a shallow surficial aquifer is investigated as an important additional effect. An analytical formulation has been developed that relates aquifer parameters and the statistics of recharge variability to increases in the dispersivity. This is accomplished by solving Fourier transforms of the small perturbation forms of the groundwater flow equations. Two field studies are presented in this paper to determine the statistics of recharge variability for input to the analytical formulation. A time series of water levels at a continuous groundwater recorder is used to investigate the temporal statistics of hydraulic head caused by recharge, and a series of infiltrometer measurements are used to define the spatial variability in the recharge parameters. With these field statistics representing head fluctuations due to recharge, the analytical formulation can be used to compute the dispersivity without an explicit representation of the recharge boundary. Results from a series of numerical experiments are used to define the limits of this analytical formulation and to provide some comparison. A sophisticated model has been developed using a particle‐tracking algorithm (modified to account for temporal variations) to estimate groundwater dispersion. Dispersivity increases of 9 percent are indicated by the analytical formulation for the aquifer at the field site. A comparison with numerical model results indicates that the analytical results are reasonable for shallow surficial aquifers in which two‐dimensional flow can be assumed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001821","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., and Chin, D.A., 2003, An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 9, p. 17-1-17-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001821.","productDescription":"Article 1271; 8 p.","startPage":"17-1","endPage":"17-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f7e4b0c8380cd48567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chin, David A.","contributorId":76011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025117,"text":"70025117 - 2003 - Groundwater flow, heat transport, and water table position within volcanic edifices: Implications for volcanic processes in the Cascade Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025117","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater flow, heat transport, and water table position within volcanic edifices: Implications for volcanic processes in the Cascade Range","docAbstract":"The position of the water table within a volcanic edifice has significant implications for volcano hazards, geothermal energy, and epithermal mineralization. We have modified the HYDROTHERM numerical simulator to allow for a free-surface (water table) upper boundary condition and a wide range of recharge rates, heat input rates, and thermodynamic conditions representative of continental volcano-hydrothermal systems. An extensive set of simulations was performed on a hypothetical stratovolcano system with unconfined groundwater flow. Simulation results suggest that the permeability structure of the volcanic edifice and underlying material is the dominant control on water table elevation and the distribution of pressures, temperatures, and fluid phases at depth. When permeabilities are isotropic, water table elevation decreases with increasing heat flux and increases with increasing recharge, but when permeabilities are anisotropic, these effects can be much less pronounced. Several conditions facilitate the ascent of a hydrothermal plume into a volcanic edifice: a sufficient source of heat and magmatic volatiles at depth, strong buoyancy forces, and a relatively weak topography-driven flow system. Further, the plume must be connected to a deep heat source through a pathway with a time-averaged effective permeability ???1 ?? 10-16 m2, which may be maintained by frequent seismicity. Topography-driven flow may be retarded by low permeability in the edifice and/or the lack of precipitation recharge; in the latter case, the water table may be relatively deep. Simulation results were compared with observations from the Quaternary stratovolcanoes along the Cascade Range of the western United States to infer hydrothermal processes within the edifices. Extensive ice caps on many Cascade Range stratovolcanoes may restrict recharge on the summits and uppermost flanks. Both the simulation results and limited observational data allow for the possibility that the water table beneath the stratovolcanoes is relatively deep.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Kipp, K., Ingebritsen, S.E., and Reid, M., 2003, Groundwater flow, heat transport, and water table position within volcanic edifices: Implications for volcanic processes in the Cascade Range: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 12.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da3e4b0c8380cd5bf73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kipp, K.L.","contributorId":96715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025319,"text":"70025319 - 2003 - Copepod communities from surface and ground waters in the everglades, south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T19:30:47.088586","indexId":"70025319","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copepod communities from surface and ground waters in the everglades, south Florida","docAbstract":"We studied species composition and individual abundance of copepods in the surficial aquifer northeast of Everglades National Park. We identified the spatial distribution of subsurface habitats by assessing the depth of the high porosity layers in the limestone along a canal system, and we used copepods to assess the exchange between surface water and ground water along canal banks, at levels in the wells where high porosity connections to the canals exist. Surface- and ground-water taxa were defined, and species composition was related to areal position, sampling depth, and time. Subsurface copepod communities were dominated by surface copepods that disperse into the aquifer following the groundwater seepage along canal L-31N. The similarities in species composition between wells along canal reaches, suggest that copepods mainly enter ground water horizontally along canals via active and passive dispersal. Thus, the copepod populations indicate continuous connections between surface- and ground waters. The most abundant species were Orthocyclops modestus, Arctodiaptomus floridanus, Mesocyclops edax, and Thermocyclops parvus, all known in literature from surface habitats; however, these species have been collected in ground water in ENP. Only two stygophiles were collected: Diacylcops nearcticus and Diacyclops crassicaudis brachycercus. Restoration of the Everglades ecosystem requires a mosaic of data to reveal a complete picture of this complex system. The use of copepods as indicators of seepage could be a tool in helping to assess the direction and the duration of surface and ground water exchange.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0523:CCFSAG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Bruno, M., Cunningham, K., and Perry, S., 2003, Copepod communities from surface and ground waters in the everglades, south Florida: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 2, no. 4, p. 523-546, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0523:CCFSAG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"546","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"south Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              24.44714958973082\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.27734374999999,\n              24.44714958973082\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.27734374999999,\n              29.152161283318915\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              29.152161283318915\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              24.44714958973082\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf2e4b0c8380cd4e04d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruno, M.C.","contributorId":17402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruno","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, S.A.","contributorId":50113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025315,"text":"70025315 - 2003 - Characterization of yield reduction in Ethiopia using a GIS-based crop water balance model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T14:19:25","indexId":"70025315","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of yield reduction in Ethiopia using a GIS-based crop water balance model","docAbstract":"<p>In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, subsistence agriculture is characterized by significant fluctuations in yield and production due to variations in moisture availability to staple crops. Widespread drought can lead to crop failures, with associated deterioration in food security. Ground data collection networks are sparse, so methods using geospatial rainfall estimates derived from satellite and gauge observations, where available, have been developed to calculate seasonal crop water balances. Using conventional crop production data for 4 years in Ethiopia (1996-1999), it was found that water-limited and water-unlimited growing regions can be distinguished. Furthermore, maize growing conditions are also indicative of conditions for sorghum. However, another major staple, teff, was found to behave sufficiently differently from maize to warrant studies of its own.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5589/m03-039","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., and Verdin, J., 2003, Characterization of yield reduction in Ethiopia using a GIS-based crop water balance model: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 29, no. 6, p. 687-692, https://doi.org/10.5589/m03-039.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"692","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4ece4b0c8380cd4bfdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":26112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025312,"text":"70025312 - 2003 - Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025312","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Variable density ground water flow models are rarely used to estimate submarine ground water discharge because of limitations in computer speed, data availability, and availability of a simulation tool that can minimize numerical dispersion. This paper presents an application of the SEAWAT code, which is a combined version of MODFLOW and MT3D, to estimate rates of submarine ground water discharge to a coastal marine estuary. Discharge rates were estimated for Biscayne Bay, Florida, for the period from January 1989 to September 1998 using a three-dimensional, variable density ground water flow and transport model. Hydrologic stresses in the 10-layer model include recharge, evapotranspiration, ground water withdrawals from municipal wellfields, interactions with surface water (canals in urban areas and wetlands in the Everglades), boundary fluxes, and submarine ground water discharge to Biscayne Bay. The model was calibrated by matching ground water levels in monitoring wells, baseflow to canals, and the position of the 1995 salt water intrusion line. Results suggest that fresh submarine ground water discharge to Biscayne Bay may have exceeded surface water discharge during the 1989, 1990, and 1991 dry seasons, but the average discharge for the entire simulation period was only ???10% of the surface water discharge to the bay. Results from the model also suggest that tidal canals intercept fresh ground water that might otherwise have discharged directly to Biscayne Bay. This application demonstrates that regional scale variable density models are potentially useful tools for estimating rates of submarine ground water discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C., 2003, Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 6, p. 758-771, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x.","startPage":"758","endPage":"771","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x"},{"id":235964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9007e4b08c986b319294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025311,"text":"70025311 - 2003 - Effects of lampricide exposure on the survival, growth, and behavior of the unionid mussels Elliptio complanata and Pyganadon cataracta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025311","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of lampricide exposure on the survival, growth, and behavior of the unionid mussels Elliptio complanata and Pyganadon cataracta","docAbstract":"The effects of a 12-h exposure to the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4- nitrophenol (TFM) and a combination of TFM and 1% niclosamide (active ingredient in Bayluscide 70% wettable powder) on the short and long-term (10 mo post exposure) survival and behavior of two unionid freshwater mussel species Elliptio complanata and Pyganadon cataracta were measured. Growth of juvenile E. complanata mussels 10 months after exposure was also compared. Toxicity was determined after 12 h exposures at maximum concentrations from 2- to 2.5- fold higher than the LC99 for sea lamprey larvae. A logistic model was used to estimate the probability of survival among treatments, trials, species, and sizes. Mortality was minimal in all test concentrations of TFM alone and the TFM/1% niclosamide combination. Estimated survival decreased 6% for each unit increase in the relative toxicity of TFM. Survival was greater for E. complanata than for P. cataracta, and for adults relative to juveniles. Lampricide treatment caused narcotization of both mussels (defined as having gaped shells and an extended foot) in concentrations ??? LC99 for sea lamprey larvae and narcotization ranged from 0-50% among treatments. Recovery from narcosis was apparent by 12 h post-exposure and complete by 36 h post-exposure. The rate of growth of E. complanata over the 10-month post-exposure period did not vary among treatments.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","language":"English","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., Bills, T., Boogaard, M., Johnson, D., and Doolittle, T., 2003, Effects of lampricide exposure on the survival, growth, and behavior of the unionid mussels Elliptio complanata and Pyganadon cataracta, <i>in</i> Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 542-551.","startPage":"542","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0732e4b0c8380cd515d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, D. L.","contributorId":43704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boogaard, M.A.","contributorId":92994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, D.A.","contributorId":61370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doolittle, T.C.J.","contributorId":92780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doolittle","given":"T.C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025309,"text":"70025309 - 2003 - The impact of a prominent rain shadow on flooding in California's Santa Cruz Mountains: A CALJET case study and sensitivity to the ENSO cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:19:05","indexId":"70025309","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of a prominent rain shadow on flooding in California's Santa Cruz Mountains: A CALJET case study and sensitivity to the ENSO cycle","docAbstract":"Data from the California Land-Falling Jets Experiment (CALJET) are used to explore the causes of variations in flood severity in adjacent coastal watersheds within the Santa Cruz Mountains on 2-3 February 1998. While Pescadero Creek (rural) experienced its flood of record, the adjacent San Lorenzo Creek (heavily populated), attained only its fourth-highest flow. This difference resulted from conditions present while the warm sector of the storm, with its associated low-level jet, high moisture content, and weak static stability, was overhead. Rainfall in the warm sector was dominated by orographic forcing. While the wind speed strongly modulated rain rates on windward slopes, the wind direction positioned the edge of a rain shadow cast by the Santa Lucia Mountains partially over the San Lorenzo basin, thus protecting the city of Santa Cruz from a more severe flood. Roughly 26% ?? 9% of the streamflow at flood peak on Pescadero Creek resulted from the warm-sector rainfall. Without this rainfall, the peak flow on Pescadero Creek would likely not have attained record status. These results are complemented by a climatological analysis based on ???50-yr-duration streamflow records for these and two other nearby windward watersheds situated ???20 to 40 km farther to the east, and a comparison of this climatological analysis with composites of NCEP-NCAR reanalysis fields. The westernmost watersheds were found to have their greatest floods during El Nin??o winters, while the easternmost watersheds peaked during non-El Nin??o episodes. These results are consistent with the case study, that showed that the composite 925-mb, meridionally oriented wind direction during El Nin??os favors a rain shadow over the eastern watersheds. During non-El Nin??o periods, the composite, zonally oriented wind direction indicates that the sheltering effect of the rain shadow on the eastern watersheds is reduced, while weaker winds, less water vapor, and stronger stratification reduce the peak runoff in the western watersheds relative to El Nin??o periods. These case study and climatological results illustrate the importance of conditions in the moisture-rich warm sector of landfalling Pacific winter storms. Although many other variables can influence flooding, this study shows that variations of ??10?? in wind direction can modulate the location of orographically enhanced floods. While terrain can increase predictability (e.g., rainfall typically increases with altitude), the predictability is reduced when conditions are near a threshold separating different regimes (e.g., in or out of a rain shadow ).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1243:TIOAPR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Ralph, F., Neiman, P., Kingsmill, D., Persson, P., White, A., Strem, E., Andrews, E., and Antweiler, R.C., 2003, The impact of a prominent rain shadow on flooding in California's Santa Cruz Mountains: A CALJET case study and sensitivity to the ENSO cycle: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 4, no. 6, p. 1243-1264, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1243:TIOAPR>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1264","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478504,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1243:tioapr>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1243:TIOAPR>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacdde4b08c986b3237c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neiman, P.J.","contributorId":14991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiman","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kingsmill, D.E.","contributorId":27658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsmill","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Persson, P.O.G.","contributorId":58825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persson","given":"P.O.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, A.B.","contributorId":45878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Strem, E.T.","contributorId":28420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strem","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025304,"text":"70025304 - 2003 - Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T15:19:26","indexId":"70025304","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests","docAbstract":"Ammonia is a relatively toxic compound generated in water and sediments by heterotrophic bacteria and accumulates in sediments and pore water. Recent data suggest that unionid mussels are sensitive to un-ionized ammonia (NH3) relative to other organisms. Existing sediment exposure systems are not suitable for ammonia toxicity studies with juvenile unionids; thus, we modified a system to expose juveniles to ammonia that was continuously infused into sediments. This system maintained consistent concentrations of ammonia in pore water up to 10 d. Juvenile <i>Lampsilis cardium</i> mussels were exposed to NH<sub>3<sub> in pore water in replicate 96-h and 10-d sediment toxicity tests. The 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were 127 and 165 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L, and the 10-d LC50s were 93 and 140 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L. The median effective concentrations (EC50s) (based on the proportion affected, including dead and inactive mussels) were 73 and 119 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L in the 96-h tests and 71 and 99 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L in the 10-d tests. Growth rate was substantially reduced at concentrations between 31 and 76 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L. The lethality results (when expressed as total ammonia) are about one-half the acute national water quality criteria for total ammonia, suggesting that existing criteria may not protect juvenile unionids.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1897/02-342","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Newton, T., Allran, J.W., O’Donnell, J.A., Bartsch, M., and Richardson, W.B., 2003, Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 22, no. 11, p. 2554-2560, https://doi.org/10.1897/02-342.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2554","endPage":"2560","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/02-342"},{"id":235850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0686e4b0c8380cd512ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allran, John W.","contributorId":97297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allran","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":3165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024717,"text":"70024717 - 2003 - Dynamics of peat accumulation and marl flat formation in a calcareous fen, midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024717","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of peat accumulation and marl flat formation in a calcareous fen, midwestern United States","docAbstract":"The age and sequence of peat accumulation were investigated at a calcareous fen in northeastern Illinois, USA. The purpose of this study was to identify the processes that form and sustain marl flats, which are areas of marl or tufa substrate within the fen that contain numerous rare plant species. Geomorphic, stratigraphic, and radiocarbon evidence was used to establish the processes and chronology of peat accumulation and erosion adjacent to each marl flat. The age of the base of the peat deposit varies greatly throughout the fen, ranging from 14,679 calibrated years before present (cal. years BP) to nearly modern, indicating that colonization of the sand and gravel substrate by peat occurred throughout the period from the Late Pleistocene to present. Adjacent to one marl flat, trends in basal peat age and thickness show that peat accumulation has progressed laterally inward from both sides, suggesting that the marl flat has been infilling with peat progressively by accumulation at the margins since at least 5,370 cal. years BP or longer. A second marl flat in the fen is surrounded by older, thick peat of differing ages on either edge and is bounded by fresh scarps, indicating that the marl flat currently is expanding laterally by erosion into the preexisting peat blanket. These two examples suggest a continuously repeating process, where erosion of the accumulated peat blanket forms a marl flat, which is later covered by peat accumulation. Trends in basal peat age elsewhere in the fen suggest that other marl flats may have existed in the past that have been completely infilled with peat. This study suggests that marl flat formation is a natural process that has been occurring for millennia, continuously creating habitat for the rare plant species that occupy marl flats. There is no evidence that the marl flats at this site are indicative of anthropogenic disturbance, so that management options for these areas are limited to maintaining the quality and quantity of ground-water discharge that supports both peat formation and erosion. ?? 2003, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Miner, J., and Ketterling, D., 2003, Dynamics of peat accumulation and marl flat formation in a calcareous fen, midwestern United States: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 4, p. 950-960.","startPage":"950","endPage":"960","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0436e4b0c8380cd5085e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miner, J.J.","contributorId":20513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miner","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ketterling, D.B.","contributorId":90504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketterling","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025092,"text":"70025092 - 2003 - Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025092","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages","docAbstract":"The Illinois State Water Survey performed a study to assess the streamgaging network in the State of Illinois. One of the important aspects of the study was to assess the regional value of each station through an assessment of the information transfer among gaging records for low, average, and high flow conditions. This analysis was performed for the main hydrologic regions in the State, and the stations were initially evaluated using a new approach based on entropy analysis. To determine the regional value of each station within a region, several information parameters, including total net information, were defined based on entropy. Stations were ranked based on the total net information. For comparison, the regional value of the same stations was assessed using the generalized least square regression (GLS) method, developed by the US Geological Survey. Finally, a hybrid combination of GLS and entropy was created by including a function of the negative net information as a penalty function in the GLS. The weights of the combined model were determined to maximize the average correlation with the results of GLS and entropy. The entropy and GLS methods were evaluated using the high-flow data from southern Illinois stations. The combined method was compared with the entropy and GLS approaches using the high-flow data from eastern Illinois stations. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00244-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Markus, M., Vernon, K.H., and Tasker, G.D., 2003, Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages: Journal of Hydrology, v. 283, no. 1-4, p. 107-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00244-0.","startPage":"107","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00244-0"}],"volume":"283","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0983e4b0c8380cd51f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markus, M.","contributorId":54781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markus","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vernon, Knapp H.","contributorId":91287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vernon","given":"Knapp","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025303,"text":"70025303 - 2003 - Conceptual model for transferring information between small watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025303","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual model for transferring information between small watersheds","docAbstract":"Stream and watershed management and restoration can be greatly facilitated through use of physiographic landform classification to organize and communicate natural resource, hazard, and environmental information at a broad scale (1:250,000) as illustrated by the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Provinces in Maryland, or at a small scale (1:24,000) as illustrated using divisions and zones combined with a conceptual model. The conceptual model brings together geology, surficial processes, landforms and land use change information at the small watershed scale and facilitates transfer of information from one small watershed to another with similar geology and landforms. Stream flow, sediment erosion, and water quality illustrate the use of the model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-003-0872-4","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Cleaves, E., 2003, Conceptual model for transferring information between small watersheds: Environmental Geology, v. 45, no. 2, p. 190-197, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0872-4.","startPage":"190","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0872-4"},{"id":235814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9a9e4b0c8380cd4d6f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleaves, E.T.","contributorId":41148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025299,"text":"70025299 - 2003 - Toxicity of <i>o,p′</i>-DDE to medaka d-rR strain after a one-time embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: An early through juvenile life cycle assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T12:41:13","indexId":"70025299","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of <i>o,p′</i>-DDE to medaka d-rR strain after a one-time embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: An early through juvenile life cycle assessment","docAbstract":"<p>The toxicity of <i>o,p′</i>-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2-(<i>p</i>-chlorophenyl)-2-(<i>o</i>-chlorophenyl) ethylene) was evaluated in embryos of medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) following a one time exposure via nanoinjection. Medaka eggs (early gastrula) were injected with 0.5 nl of triolein (vehicle control) or 0.5 nl of 4 graded doses (0.0005-0.5 ng/egg) of <i>o,p′</i><span>-DDE</span> in triolein. Embryos were allowed to develop, and fry were reared. Embryonic survival was monitored daily during the first 10 d until hatching and thereafter, on a weekly basis until day 59, at which time the fish were monitored for sexual maturity until day 107. In general, <i>o,p′</i><span>-DDE</span> caused a dose- and time-dependent mortality. No changes in mortality were observed between the last two time points (day 38 and 59, respectively), and hence a 59 day-LD50 of 346 ng <i>o,p′</i><span>-DDE</span>/egg was derived from the linear dose-response relationship. Prior to late stage death, only isolated cases of cardiovascular lesions and spinal deformities were observed, but were not dose-dependent. The lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL), based on upper 95% CI for regression line=0.0018 mg/kg, and the LOAEL based on exposure doses=0.5 mg/kg. Likewise, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) based on linear extrapolation to 100% survival=0.0000388 mg/kg, while the NOAEL based on exposure doses=0.05 mg/kg. The nanoinjection medaka model has potential in the study of hormonally active compounds in the environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00583-6","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Villalobos, S.A., Papoulias, D.M., Pastva, S.D., Blankenship, A.L., Meadows, J.C., Tillitt, D.E., and Giesy, J.P., 2003, Toxicity of <i>o,p′</i>-DDE to medaka d-rR strain after a one-time embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: An early through juvenile life cycle assessment: Chemosphere, v. 53, no. 8, p. 819-826, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00583-6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"826","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00583-6"}],"volume":"53","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb609e4b08c986b326a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villalobos, Sergio A.","contributorId":58802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villalobos","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pastva, Stephanie D.","contributorId":103027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastva","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blankenship, Alan L.","contributorId":51047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meadows, John C. jmeadows@usgs.gov","contributorId":3024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"John","email":"jmeadows@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":404671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025298,"text":"70025298 - 2003 - Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T18:34:11","indexId":"70025298","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites","docAbstract":"<p>A new method for calculation of layer charge and charge distribution of smectites is proposed. The method is based on comparisons between X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of K-saturated, ethylene glycol-solvated, oriented samples and calculated XRD patterns for three-component, mixed-layer systems. For the calculated patterns it is assumed that the measured patterns can be modeled as random interstratifications of fully expanding 17.1 Å layers, partially expanding 13.5 Å layers and non-expanding 9.98 Å layers. The technique was tested using 29 well characterized smectites. According to their XRD patterns, smectites were classified as group 1 (low-charge smectites) and group 2 (high-charge smectites). The boundary between the two groups is at a layer charge of −0.46 equivalents per half unit-cell. Low-charge smectites are dominated by 17.1 Å layers, whereas high-charge smectites contain only 20% fully expandable layers on average. Smectite properties and industrial applications may be dictated by the proportion of 17.1 Å layers present. Non-expanding layers may control the behavior of smectites during weathering, facilitating the formation of illite layers after subsequent cycles of wetting and drying. The precision of the method is better than 3.5% at a layer charge of −0.50; therefore the method should be useful for basic research and for industrial purposes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510607","usgsCitation":"Christidis, G., and Eberl, D.D., 2003, Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 51, no. 6, p. 644-655, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510607.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"655","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb0e4b0c8380cd4f329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christidis, G.E.","contributorId":48366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christidis","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024703,"text":"70024703 - 2003 - Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model: Implications for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T08:57:01","indexId":"70024703","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model: Implications for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters","docAbstract":"The hydrologic processes of advection, dispersion, and transient storage are the primary physical mechanisms affecting solute transport in streams. The estimation of parameters for a conservative solute transport model is an essential step to characterize transient storage and other physical features that cannot be directly measured, and often is a preliminary step in the study of reactive solutes. Our study used inverse modeling to estimate parameters of the transient storage model OTIS (One dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage). Observations from a tracer injection experiment performed on Uvas Creek, California, USA, are used to illustrate the application of automated solute transport model calibration to conservative and nonconservative stream solute transport. A computer code for universal inverse modeling (UCODE) is used for the calibrations. Results of this procedure are compared with a previous study that used a trial-and-error parameter estimation approach. The results demonstrated 1) importance of the proper estimation of discharge and lateral inflow within the stream system; 2) that although the fit of the observations is not much better when transient storage is invoked, a more randomly distributed set of residuals resulted (suggesting non-systematic error), indicating that transient storage is occurring; 3) that inclusion of transient storage for a reactive solute (Sr2+) provided a better fit to the observations, highlighting the importance of robust model parameterization; and 4) that applying an automated calibration inverse modeling estimation approach resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the model results and the limitation of input data.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468348","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Scott, D., Gooseff, M., Bencala, K., and Runkel, R., 2003, Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model: Implications for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 22, no. 4, p. 492-510, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468348.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"510","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef2e4b0c8380cd4a05f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, D.T.","contributorId":44324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025082,"text":"70025082 - 2003 - Fault interactions and large complex earthquakes in the Los Angeles area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:11:52","indexId":"70025082","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault interactions and large complex earthquakes in the Los Angeles area","docAbstract":"Faults in complex tectonic environments interact in various ways, including triggered rupture of one fault by another, that may increase seismic hazard in the surrounding region. We model static and dynamic fault interactions between the strike-slip and thrust fault systems in southern California. We find that rupture of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga thrust fault system is unlikely to trigger rupture of the San Andreas or San Jacinto strike-slip faults. However, a large northern San Jacinto fault earthquake could trigger a cascading rupture of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga system, potentially causing a moment magnitude 7.5 to 7.8 earthquake on the edge of the Los Angeles metropolitan region.","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1090747","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Aagaard, B.T., and Hudnut, K., 2003, Fault interactions and large complex earthquakes in the Los Angeles area: Science, v. 302, no. 5652, p. 1946-1949, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1090747.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1946","endPage":"1949","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"302","issue":"5652","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f17e4b0c8380cd53765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Greg","contributorId":127427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudnut, Ken","contributorId":44590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025295,"text":"70025295 - 2003 - Modeling aqueous ferrous iron chemistry at low temperatures with application to Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025295","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling aqueous ferrous iron chemistry at low temperatures with application to Mars","docAbstract":"Major uncertainties exist with respect to the aqueous geochemical evolution of the Martian surface. Considering the prevailing cryogenic climates and the abundance of salts and iron minerals on Mars, any attempt at comprehensive modeling of Martian aqueous chemistry should include iron chemistry and be valid at low temperatures and high solution concentrations. The objectives of this paper were to (1) estimate ferrous iron Pitzer-equation parameters and iron mineral solubility products at low temperatures (from < 0 ??C to 25 ??C), (2) incorporate these parameters and solubility products into the FREZCHEM model, and (3) use the model to simulate the surficial aqueous geochemical evolution of Mars. Ferrous iron Pitzer-equation parameters were derived in this work or taken from the literature. Six new iron minerals [FeCl2??4H2O, FeCl2??6H2O, FeSO4??H2O, FeSO4??7H2O, FeCO3, and Fe(OH)3] were added to the FREZCHEM model bringing the total solid phases to 56. Agreement between model predictions and experimental data are fair to excellent for the ferrous systems: Fe-Cl, Fe-SO4, Fe-HCO3, H-Fe-Cl, and H-Fe-SO4. We quantified a conceptual model for the aqueous geochemical evolution of the Martian surface. The five stages of the conceptual model are: (1) carbonic acid weathering of primary ferromagnesian minerals to form an initial magnesium-iron-bicarbonate-rich solution; (2) evaporation and precipitation of carbonates, including siderite (FeCO3), with evolution of the brine to a concentrated NaCl solution; (3) ferrous/ferric iron oxidation; (4) either evaporation or freezing of the brine to dryness; and (5) surface acidification. What began as a dilute Mg-Fe-HCO3 dominated leachate representing ferromagnesian weathering evolved into an Earth-like seawater composition dominated by NaCl, and finally into a hypersaline Mg-Na-SO4-Cl brine. Weathering appears to have taken place initially under conditions that allowed solution of ferrous iron [low O2(g)], but later caused oxidation of iron [high O2(g)]. Surface acidification and/or sediment burial can account for the minor amounts of Martian surface carbonates. This model rests on a large number of assumptions and is therefore speculative. Nevertheless, the model is consistent with current understanding concerning surficial salts and minerals based on Martian meteorites, Mars lander data, and remotely-sensed spectral analyses. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00372-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Marion, G., Catling, D., and Kargel, J., 2003, Modeling aqueous ferrous iron chemistry at low temperatures with application to Mars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, no. 22, p. 4251-4266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00372-7.","startPage":"4251","endPage":"4266","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00372-7"},{"id":235694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdee4b0c8380cd6f872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, G.M.","contributorId":44691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catling, D.C.","contributorId":78135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catling","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}