This report is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess relative potential for acidic, metal-rich drainage in the State of Montana; evaluate alternative GIS-based modeling strategies; and provide the statewide digital spatial data produced and compiled for the project. The CD is usable on various computer systems (Windows 95, 98, NT, and 2000; MacOS 7.1 or later; many versions of UNIX and Linux; and OS/2). This report and maps are in PDF format, and the data have been provided in various GIS formats. Software for viewing the report and data is included.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ds65","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Lee, G.K., 2001, Montana geoenvironmental explorer (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 65, 1 computer optical disc ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds65.","productDescription":"1 computer optical disc ;4 3/4 in.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310200,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/065/ds65.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698f5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Greg K.","contributorId":28594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33078,"text":"b2182 - 2001 - Gas hydrate estimation error associated with uncertainties of measurements and parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:16","indexId":"b2182","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2182","title":"Gas hydrate estimation error associated with uncertainties of measurements and parameters","docAbstract":"Downhole log measurements such as acoustic or electrical\r\nresistivity logs are often used to estimate in situ gas\r\nhydrate concentrations in sediment pore space. Estimation\r\nerrors owing to uncertainties associated with downhole measurements\r\nand the parameters for estimation equations (weight\r\nin the acoustic method and Archie?s parameters in the resistivity\r\nmethod) are analyzed in order to assess the accuracy of\r\nestimation of gas hydrate concentration. Accurate downhole\r\nmeasurements are essential for accurate estimation of the gas\r\nhydrate concentrations in sediments, particularly at low gas\r\nhydrate concentrations and when using acoustic data. Estimation\r\nerrors owing to measurement errors, except the slowness\r\nerror, decrease as the gas hydrate concentration increases and\r\nas porosity increases. Estimation errors owing to uncertainty\r\nin the input parameters are small in the acoustic method and\r\nmay be signifi cant in the resistivity method at low gas hydrate\r\nconcentrations.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2182","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Collett, T.S., 2001, Gas hydrate estimation error associated with uncertainties of measurements and parameters (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2182, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2182.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3281,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33088,"text":"b2064GG - 2001 - Geochemical results of a hydrothermally altered area at Baker Creek, Blaine County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:17","indexId":"b2064GG","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2064","chapter":"GG","title":"Geochemical results of a hydrothermally altered area at Baker Creek, Blaine County, Idaho","docAbstract":"The area immediately east of Baker Creek, Blaine County, Idaho, is underlain by a thick section of mafic to intermediate lava flows of the Eocene Challis Volcanic Group. Widespread propylitic alteration surrounds a zone of argillic alteration and an inner core of phyllic alteration.\r\n\r\nSilicified breccia is present along an east-trending fault within the zone of phyllic alteration. As part of a reconnaissance geochemical survey, soils and plants were sampled. Several species of plants (Douglas-fir [ Pseudotsuga menziesii ], mountain big sagebrush [ Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana ], and elk sedge [ Carex geyerii ]) were collected from 10 upland localities and stream sediments, panned concentrates, and aquatic mosses were collected from 16 drainage basin localities all of which were generally within the area of alteration.\r\n\r\nGeochemical results yielded anomalous concentrations of molybenum, zinc, silver, and lead in at least half of the seven different sample media and of gold, thallium, arsenic, antimony, manganese, boron, cadmium, bismuth, copper, and beryllium in from one to four of the various media. Part of this suite of elements? silver, gold, arsenic, antimony, thallium, and manganese? suggests that the mineralization in the area is epithermal. Barite and pyrite (commonly botryoidal-framboidal) are widespread throughout the area sampled. Visible gold and pyromorphite (a secondary lead mineral) were identified in only one small drainage basin, but high levels of gold were detected in aquatic mosses over a larger area.\r\n\r\nData from the upland and stream sampling indicate two possible mineralized areas. The first mineralized area was identified by a grab sample from an outcrop of quartz stockwork that contained 50 ppb Au, 1.5 ppm Ag, and 50 ppm Mo. Although the soil and plant species that were sampled in the area indicated mineralized bedrock, the Douglas-fir samples were the best indicators of the silver anomaly. The second possible mineralized area centers on the fault-controlled silicified breccia that is most likely the source of anomalous silver and molybdenum levels identified in the soils; silver, molybdenum, and manganese in stream sediments; thallium in Douglas-fir; bismuth and silver in concentrates; and gold, silver, arsenic, antimony, and molybdenum and lead in aquatic mosses.\r\n\r\nAn interpretation of regional aeromagnetic data delineated the subsurface extent of shallow, steeply dipping magnetic sources inferred to be shallower parts of an Eocene batholith thought to underlie much of the Baker Creek area. The Eocene intrusive event(s) may have served as the heat source(s) that caused the hydrothermal alteration.\r\n\r\nExamination of core from a 1,530-ft-deep (466 m) hole drilled in 1982 confirmed a bedrock source for the anomalous silver and base-metal suite at the quartz stockwork location, and indicated subeconomic levels of molybdenum.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2064GG","usgsCitation":"Erdman, J.A., Moye, F.J., Theobald, P., McCafferty, A.E., and Larsen, R.K., 2001, Geochemical results of a hydrothermally altered area at Baker Creek, Blaine County, Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2064, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2064GG.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3288,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2064-gg/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdman, James A.","contributorId":37748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moye, Falma J.","contributorId":104113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moye","given":"Falma","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Theobald, Paul K.","contributorId":45361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"Paul K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larsen, Richard K.","contributorId":22402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5273,"text":"fs16300 - 2001 - A data management life-cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T13:03:31","indexId":"fs16300","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"163-00","title":"A data management life-cycle","docAbstract":"Documented, reliable, and accessible data and information are essential building blocks supporting scientific research and applications that enhance society's knowledge base (fig. 1). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a leading provider of science data, information, and knowledge, is uniquely positioned to integrate science and natural resource information to address societal needs. The USGS Central Energy Resources Team (USGS-CERT) provides critical information and knowledge on the quantity, quality, and distribution of the Nation's and the world's oil, gas, and coal resources. By using a life-cycle model, the USGS-CERT Data Management Project is developing an integrated data management system to (1) promote access to energy data and information, (2) increase data documentation, and (3) streamline product delivery to the public, scientists, and decision makers. The project incorporates web-based technology, data cataloging systems, data processing routines, and metadata documentation tools to improve data access, enhance data consistency, and increase office efficiency
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs16300","usgsCitation":"Ferderer, D.A., 2001, A data management life-cycle: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 163-00, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16300.","productDescription":"1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/fs163-00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0163/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31979,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af26a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferderer, David A. dferdere@usgs.gov","contributorId":253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferderer","given":"David","email":"dferdere@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4881,"text":"ds68 - 2001 - Coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: a preliminary database for the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T13:25:18","indexId":"ds68","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68","title":"Coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: a preliminary database for the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico coasts","docAbstract":"The prediction of coastal evolution is not straightforward. There is no standard methodology, and even the kind of data required to make such predictions are the subject of much scientific debate. Since a viable, quantitative predictive model for coastal evolution is not available. The relative susceptibility of the Nation's coastline to sea-level rise is quantified here at a regional to national scale using basic information on coastal geomorphology, rate of sea-level rise, past shoreline evolution and other factors. This approach combines the coastal system's susceptibility to change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental and conditions, and yields a relative measure of the system's natural vulnerability to the effects of sea-level rise. This information has immediate application to many of the decisions our society will be making regarding coastal development in both the short- and long-term.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds68","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607965193","usgsCitation":"Hammar-Klose, E.S., and Thieler, E.R., 2001, Coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: a preliminary database for the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico coasts: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 68, 1 computer optical disc ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds68.","productDescription":"1 computer optical disc ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":619,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds68/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.50111111111111,25 ], [ -124.50111111111111,49 ], [ -67,49 ], [ -67,25 ], [ -124.50111111111111,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammar-Klose, Erika S.","contributorId":77137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammar-Klose","given":"Erika","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":66182,"text":"i2686 - 2001 - Geologic Map of the MTM-85000 Quadrangle, Planum Australe Region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T15:31:19","indexId":"i2686","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2686","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic Map of the MTM-85000 Quadrangle, Planum Australe Region of Mars","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe polar deposits on Mars probably record martian climate history over the last 107 to 109 years (for example, Thomas and others, 1992). The area shown on this map includes layered polar deposits and residual polar ice, as well as some exposures of older terrain. Howard and others (1982) noted that an area (at lat 84.8 S., long 356 W.) near a 23-km diameter impact crater (Plaut and others, 1988) appears to have undergone recent deposition, as evidenced by the partial burial of secondary craters. Herkenhoff and Murray (1990a) mapped this area as a mixture of frost and defrosted ground and suggested that the presence of frost throughout the year stabilizes dust deposited in this area. This quadrangle was mapped using high-resolution Mariner 9 (table 1) and Viking Orbiter images in order to study the relations among erosional, cratering, and depositional processes on the polar layered deposits and to search for further evidence of recent deposition. \r\n\r\nPublished geologic maps of the south polar region of Mars are based on images acquired by Mariner 9 (Condit and Soderblom, 1978; Scott and Carr, 1978) and the Viking Orbiters (Tanaka and Scott, 1987). The extent of the layered deposits mapped previously from Mariner 9 data is different from that mapped using Viking Orbiter images, and the present map agrees with the map by Tanaka and Scott (1987): the layered deposits extend to the northern boundary of the map area. However, the oldest unit in this area is mapped as undivided material (unit HNu) rather than the hilly unit in the plateau sequence (unit Nplh; Tanaka and Scott, 1987). \r\n\r\nThe residual polar ice cap, areas of partial frost cover, the layered deposits, and two nonvolatile surface units-the dust mantle and the dark material-were mapped by Herkenhoff and Murray (1990a) at 1:2,000,000 scale using a color mosaic of Viking Orbiter images. This mosaic was used to confirm the identification of the non-volatile Amazonian units for this map and to test hypotheses for their origin and evolution. The colors and albedos of these units, as measured in places both within and outside of this map area, are presented in table 2 and figure 1. The red/violet ratio image was particularly useful in distinguishing the various low-albedo materials, as brightness variations due to topography are essentially removed in such ratio images and color variations are easily seen. Because the resolution of the color mosaics is not sufficient to map these units in detail at 1:500,000 scale, contacts between them were recognized and mapped using higher resolution black and white Viking and Mariner 9 images. \r\n\r\nThe largest impact crater in the layered deposits, 23 km in diameter at lat 84.5 S., long 359 W., now named 'McMurdo,' was recognized by Plaut and others (1988). The northern rim of this crater is missing, perhaps due to erosion of the layered deposits in which it was formed (fig. 2). Secondary craters from this impact are not observed north of the crater but are abundant to the south. Although the crater statistics are poor (only 16 likely impact craters found in Viking Orbiter images of the south polar layered deposits), these observations generally support the conclusions that the south polar layered deposits are Late Amazonian in age and that some areas have been exposed for about 120 million years (Plaut and others, 1988; Herkenhoff and Murray, 1992, 1994; Herkenhoff, 1998). However, the recent cratering flux on Mars is poorly constrained, so inferred ages of surface units are uncertain. \r\n\r\nThe Viking Orbiter 2 images used to construct the base were taken during the southern summer of 1977, with resolutions no better than 130 m/pixel. A digital mosaic of Mariner 9 images also was constructed to aid in mapping. The Mariner 9 images were taken during the southern summer of 1971 and 1972 and have resolutions as high as 85 m/pixel (table 1). However, the usefulness of the Mariner 9 mosaic image is limited by incomplete coverag","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2686","isbn":"0607945060","usgsCitation":"Herkenhoff, K.E., 2001, Geologic Map of the MTM-85000 Quadrangle, Planum Australe Region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2686, 1 map :col. ;66 x 63 cm., on sheet 94 x 98 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2686.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;66 x 63 cm., on sheet 94 x 98 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438886,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NCDIB2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic Map of the MTM-85000 Quadrangle, Planum Australe Region of Mars"},{"id":188389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9385,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2686/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","otherGeospatial":"Mars; Planum Australe Region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":274119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185671,"text":"70185671 - 2001 - Model coupling intraparticle diffusion/sorption, nonlinear sorption, and biodegradation processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:01:53","indexId":"70185671","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model coupling intraparticle diffusion/sorption, nonlinear sorption, and biodegradation processes","docAbstract":"Diffusion, sorption and biodegradation are key processes impacting the efficiency of natural attenuation. While each process has been studied individually, limited information exists on the kinetic coupling of these processes. In this paper, a model is presented that couples nonlinear and nonequilibrium sorption (intraparticle diffusion) with biodegradation kinetics. Initially, these processes are studied independently (i.e., intraparticle diffusion, nonlinear sorption and biodegradation), with appropriate parameters determined from these independent studies. Then, the coupled processes are studied, with an initial data set used to determine biodegradation constants that were subsequently used to successfully predict the behavior of a second data set. The validated model is then used to conduct a sensitivity analysis, which reveals conditions where biodegradation becomes desorption rate-limited. If the chemical is not pre-equilibrated with the soil prior to the onset of biodegradation, then fast sorption will reduce aqueous concentrations and thus biodegradation rates. Another sensitivity analysis demonstrates the importance of including nonlinear sorption in a coupled diffusion/sorption and biodegradation model. While predictions based on linear sorption isotherms agree well with solution concentrations, for the conditions evaluated this approach overestimates the percentage of contaminant biodegraded by as much as 50%. This research demonstrates that nonlinear sorption should be coupled with diffusion/sorption and biodegradation models in order to accurately predict bioremediation and natural attenuation processes. To our knowledge this study is unique in studying nonlinear sorption coupled with intraparticle diffusion and biodegradation kinetics with natural media.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00179-0","usgsCitation":"Karapanagioti, H.K., Gossard, C.M., Strevett, K.A., Kolar, R.L., and Sabatini, D.A., 2001, Model coupling intraparticle diffusion/sorption, nonlinear sorption, and biodegradation processes: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00179-0.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da2539e4b0543bf7fda84b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karapanagioti, Hrissi K.","contributorId":189380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karapanagioti","given":"Hrissi","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gossard, Chris M.","contributorId":189867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gossard","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strevett, Keith A.","contributorId":189868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strevett","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolar, Randall L.","contributorId":189869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolar","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sabatini, David A.","contributorId":189382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabatini","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":60297,"text":"mf2354 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Chewelah 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:21","indexId":"mf2354","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2354","title":"Geologic map of the Chewelah 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho","docAbstract":"This data set maps and describes the geology of the Chewelah 30' X 60' quadrangle, Washington and Idaho. Created using Environmental Systems Research Institute's ARC/INFO software, the data base consists of the following items: (1) a map coverage containing geologic contacts and units, (2) a point coverage containing site-specific geologic structural data, (3) two coverages derived from 1:100,000 Digital Line Graphs (DLG); one of which represents topographic data, and the other, cultural data, (4) two line coverages that contain cross-section lines and unit-label leaders, respectively, and (5) attribute tables for geologic units (polygons), contacts (arcs), and site-specific data (points). In addition, the data set includes the following graphic and text products: (1) A PostScript graphic plot-file containing the geologic map, topography, cultural data, and two cross sections, and on a separate sheet, a Correlation of Map Units (CMU) diagram, an abbreviated Description of Map Units (DMU), modal diagrams for granitic rocks, an index map, a regional geologic and structure map, and a key for point and line symbols; (2) PDF files of the Readme text-file and expanded Description of Map Units (DMU), and (3) this metadata file.\r\n The geologic map database contains original U.S. Geological Survey data generated by detailed field observation and by interpretation of aerial photographs. The map was compiled from geologic maps of eight 1:48,000 15' quadrangle blocks, each of which was made by mosaicing and reducing the four constituent 7.5' quadrangles. These 15' quadrangle blocks were mapped chiefly at 1:24,000 scale, but the detail of the mapping was governed by the intention that it was to be compiled at 1:48,000 scale. The compilation at 1:100,000 scale entailed necessary simplification in some areas and combining of some geologic units. Overall, however, despite a greater than two times reduction in scale, most geologic detail found on the 1:48,000 maps is retained on the 1:100,000 map. Geologic contacts across boundaries of the eight constituent quadrangles required minor adjustments, but none significant at the final 1:100,000 scale.\r\n The geologic map was compiled on a base-stable cronoflex copy of the Chewelah 30' X 60' topographic base and then scribed. The scribe guide was used to make a 0.007 mil-thick blackline clear-film, which was scanned at 1200 DPI by Optronics Specialty Company, Northridge, California. This image was converted to vector and polygon GIS layers and minimally attributed by Optronics Specialty Company. Minor hand-digitized additions were made at the USGS. Lines, points, and polygons were subsequently edited at the USGS by using standard ARC/INFO commands. Digitizing and editing artifacts significant enough to display at a scale of 1:100,000 were corrected. Within the database, geologic contacts are represented as lines (arcs), geologic units as polygons, and site-specific data as points. Polygon, arc, and point attribute tables (.pat, .aat, and .pat, respectively) uniquely identify each geologic datum.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2354","usgsCitation":"Miller, F.K., 2001, Geologic map of the Chewelah 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2354, 36 p. and 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2354.","productDescription":"36 p. and 2 sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110149,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34810.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34810"},{"id":183699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6023,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/2354/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,48 ], [ -118,48.5 ], [ -117,48.5 ], [ -117,48 ], [ -118,48 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59158,"text":"mf2349 - 2001 - Geologic map and map database of the Spreckels 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Monterey County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T13:18:58","indexId":"mf2349","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2349","title":"Geologic map and map database of the Spreckels 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Monterey County, California","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Spreckels quadrangle lies at the north end of the Sierra de Salinas and extends from the Salinas Valley on the northeast across Los Laurelles Ridge south to Carmel Valley, an intermontane valley that separates the Santa Lucia Range from the Sierra de Salinas (fig. 1). The Toro Regional Park occupies the east-central part of the quadrangle, whereas the former Fort Ord Military Reservation covers the northwestern part of the area and is the probable locus of future development. Subdivisions largely occupy the older floodplain of Toro Creek and the adjacent foothills, with less dense development along the narrower canyons of Corral de Tierra and San Benancio Gulch to the south. The foothills southwest of the Salinas River are the site of active residential development. \r\n\r\nGeologically, the study area has a crystalline basement of Upper Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Salinian block and older metasedimentary rocks of the schist of the Sierra de Salinas of probable Cretaceous age. Resting nonconformably upon these basement rocks is a sedimentary section that ranges in age from middle Miocene to Holocene and has a composite thickness of as much as 1,200 m. One of the purposes of the present study was to investigate the apparent lateral variation of the middle to upper Miocene sections from the typical porcelaneous and diatomaceous Monterey Formation of the Monterey and Seaside quadrangles to the west (Clark and others, 1997) to a thick marine sandstone section in the eastern part of the Spreckels quadrangle. \r\n\r\nLiquefaction, which seriously affected the Spreckels area in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (Lawson, 1908), and landsliding are the two major geological hazards of the area. The landslides consist mainly of older large slides in the southern and younger debris flows in the northern part of the quadrangle.\r\n\r\nThis digital map database, compiled from previously published and unpublished data, and new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits in the mapped area. Together with the accompanying text file (skmf.txt, skmf.pdf, or skmf.ps), it provides current information on the geologic structure and stratigraphy of the area covered. The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:24,000 or smaller.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2349","usgsCitation":"Clark, J., Brabb, E.E., Rosenberg, L.I., Goss, H.V., and Watkins, S.E., 2001, Geologic map and map database of the Spreckels 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Monterey County, California (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2349, Map (31 x 32 inches); Pamphlet (22 p.); Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2349.","productDescription":"Map (31 x 32 inches); Pamphlet (22 p.); Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":180194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/2349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110148,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34798.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34798"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,36.5 ], [ -121.75,36.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,36.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,36.5 ], [ -121.75,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph C.","contributorId":101663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberg, Lewis I.","contributorId":12073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goss, Heather V.","contributorId":32776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goss","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watkins, Sarah E.","contributorId":23234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217733,"text":"70217733 - 2001 - Strontium isotope evolution of pore water and calcite in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-26T11:25:12.4662","indexId":"70217733","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-07T10:46:21","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Strontium isotope evolution of pore water and calcite in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain, a ridge of Miocene volcanic rocks in southwest Nevada, is being characterized as a site for a potential high-level radioactive waste repository. One issue of concern for the future performance of the potential repository is the movement of water in and around the potential repository horizon. Past water movement in this unsaturated zone is indicated by fluid inclusions trapped in calcite coatings on fracture footwall surfaces and in some lithophysal cavities. Some of the fluid inclusions have homogenization temperatures above the present-day geotherm (J.F. Whelan, written communication), so determining the ages of the calcite associated with those fluid inclusions is important in understanding the thermal history of the potential repository site. Calcite ages have been constrained by uranium-lead dating of silica polymorphs (opal and chalcedony) that are present in most coatings. The opal and chalcedony ages indicate that deposition of the calcite and opal coatings in the welded part of the Topopah Spring Tuff (TSw hydrogeologic unit) spanned nearly the entire history of the 12.8-million-year-old rock mass at fairly uniform overall long-term rates of deposition (within a factor of five). Constraining the age of a layer of calcite associated with specific fluid inclusions is complicated. Calcite is commonly bladed with complex textural relations, and datable opal or chalcedony may be millions of years older or younger than the calcite layer or may be absent from the coating entirely. Therefore, a more direct method of dating the calcite is presented in this paper by developing a model for strontium evolution in pore water in the TSw as recorded by the strontium coprecipitated with calcium in the calcite. Although the water that precipitated the calcite in fractures and cavities may not have been in local isotopic equilibrium with the pore water, the strontium isotope composition of all water in the TSw is primarily controlled by water-rock interaction in the overlying nonwelded and essentially unfractured Paintbrush Group tuffs (PTn). The method of dating secondary minerals from known strontium evolution rates in rocks cannot be used in this study because it assumes the water that deposited the minerals was in isotopic equilibrium with the rock, which is not the case for the pore water in the TSw. Therefore, the evolution of the strontium isotope composition of the water that deposited the calcite, as recorded by the strontium coprecipitated with calcium in the calcite, was used to develop a model for determining the age of the calcite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","doi":"10.2172/860281","usgsCitation":"Marshall, B.D., and Futa, K., 2001, Strontium isotope evolution of pore water and calcite in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Technical Report, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.2172/860281.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/860281","text":"External Repository"},{"id":385970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Brian D. 0000-0002-8093-0093 bdmarsha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0093","contributorId":520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Brian","email":"bdmarsha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Futa, Kiyoto 0000-0001-8649-7510 kfuta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7510","contributorId":619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"Kiyoto","email":"kfuta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":45064,"text":"wri004251 - 2001 - Simulation of ground-water discharge to Biscayne Bay, southeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T18:43:24.622742","indexId":"wri004251","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T21:40:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4251","displayTitle":"Simulation of Ground-Water Discharge to Biscayne Bay, Southeastern Florida","title":"Simulation of ground-water discharge to Biscayne Bay, southeastern Florida","docAbstract":"As part of the Place-Based Studies Program, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a project in 1996, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to quantify the rates and patterns of submarine ground-water discharge to Biscayne Bay. Project objectives were achieved through field investigations at three sites (Coconut Grove, Deering Estate, and Mowry Canal) along the coastline of Biscayne Bay and through the development and calibration of variable-density, ground-water flow models. Two-dimensional, vertical cross-sectional models were developed for steady-state conditions for the Coconut Grove and Deering Estate transects to quantify local-scale ground-water discharge patterns to Biscayne Bay. A larger regional-scale model was developed in three dimensions to simulate submarine ground-water discharge to the entire bay. The SEAWAT code, which is a combined version of MODFLOW and MT3D, was used to simulate the complex variable-density flow patterns. Field data suggest that ground-water discharge to Biscayne Bay relative to the shoreline is restricted to within 300 meters at Coconut Grove, 600 to 1,000 meters at Deering Estate, and 100 meters at Mowry Canal. The vertical cross-sectional models, which were calibrated to the field data using the assumption of steady state, tend to focus ground-water discharge to within 50 to 200 meters of the shoreline. With homogeneous distributions for aquifer parameters and a constant-concentration boundary for Biscayne Bay, the numerical models could not reproduce the lower ground-water salinities observed beneath the bay, which suggests that further research may be necessary to improve the accuracy of the numerical simulations. Results from the cross-sectional models, which were able to simulate the approximate position of the saltwater interface, suggest that longitudinal dispersivity ranges between 1 and 10 meters, and transverse dispersivity ranges from 0.1 to 1 meter for the Biscayne aquifer. The three-dimensional, regional-scale model was calibrated to ground-water heads, canal baseflow, and the general position of the saltwater interface for nearly a 10-year period from 1989 to 1998. The mean absolute error between observed and simulated head values is 0.15 meter. The mean absolute error between observed and simulated baseflow is 3 x 105 cubic meters per day. The position of the simulated saltwater interface generally matches the position observed in the field, except for areas north of the Miami Canal where the simulated saltwater interface is located about 5 kilometers inland of the observed saltwater interface. Results from the regional-scale model suggest that the average rate of fresh ground-water discharge to Biscayne Bay for the 10-year period (1989-98) is about 2 x 105 cubic meters per day for 100 kilometers of coastline. This simulated discharge rate is about 6 percent of the measured surface-water discharge to Biscayne Bay for the same period. The model also suggests that nearly 100 percent of the fresh ground-water discharge is to the northern half of Biscayne Bay, north of the Cutler Drain Canal. South of the Cutler Drain Canal, coastal lowlands prevent the water table from rising high enough to drive measurable quantities of ground water to Biscayne Bay. Annual variations in sea-level elevation, which can be as large as 0.3 meter, have a substantial effect on rates of ground-water discharge. During 1989-98, simulated rates of ground-water discharge to Biscayne Bay generally are highest when sea level is relatively low.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004251","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., 2001, Simulation of ground-water discharge to Biscayne Bay, southeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4251, Report: vi, 127 p.; 3 Plates: 8.5 x 11 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004251.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 127 p.; 3 Plates: 8.5 x 11 in","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":99370,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4251/wri004251_plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"1.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":99369,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4251/wri004251_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"0.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":167923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":99367,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4251/wri004251.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":99368,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4251/wri004251_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"820 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.134033203125,\n 25.44823489808649\n ],\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 25.030861410390447\n ],\n [\n -80.03814697265625,\n 26.125850185680356\n ],\n [\n -80.79620361328125,\n 26.480407161007275\n ],\n [\n -81.134033203125,\n 25.44823489808649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Current theories differ in their predictions concerning the effects of interspecific interactions on species growth and distribution along environmental gradients. In this study, we examined the influence of competition on species composition across a salinity gradient. This work involved three common fresh and brackish marsh species. The three species, Spartina patens, Sagittaria lancifolia, and Panicum hemitomon, differ in salt tolerances but are commonly found in overlapping zones across coastal marsh gradients in the southeastern United States. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under four salinity treatments (0, 2, 4, and 8 g/kg), in monocultures and in three‐species mixtures. Data from the monocultures and mixtures were used to examine the importance of competition in regulating community composition and species' growth. Results for individual species were significantly different when grown in monoculture vs. the three‐species mixture. While with increasing salinity community dominance shifted toward the most salt‐tolerant species, Spartina patens, competition was found to alter community composition equally over all salinities. However, the responses of individual species demonstrated a very different pattern; the relative importance of competition in influencing individual growth differed substantially depending on the salinity tolerances of species. These results support the contention that, as abiotic stress increases, competition becomes less of a limiting factor in regulating the abundance of a species. However, the role of competition at the community level is the sum of the individual species' responses and may or may not vary with the level of abiotic stress.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0062:TIOCIR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Greiner La Peyre, M.K., Grace, J.B., Hahn, E., and Mendelssohn, I., 2001, The importance of competition in regulating plant species abundance along a salinity gradient: Ecology, v. 82, no. 1, p. 62-69, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0062:TIOCIR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"69","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greiner La Peyre, M. K.","contributorId":220385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greiner La Peyre","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hahn, E.","contributorId":220387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hahn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendelssohn, I.A.","contributorId":24317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelssohn","given":"I.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70094002,"text":"70094002 - 2001 - Knickzone propagation in the Black Hills and northern High Plains: A different perspective on the late Cenozoic exhumation of the Laramide Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T17:33:50.273004","indexId":"70094002","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T15:55:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Knickzone propagation in the Black Hills and northern High Plains: A different perspective on the late Cenozoic exhumation of the Laramide Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Geomorphic research in the Black Hills and northern High Plains poses an intriguing hypothesis for the Cenozoic evolution of this salient of the Laramide Rockies. Most recently, geologists have appealed to late Cenozoic epeirogenic uplift or climate change to explain the post-Laramide unroofing of the Rockies. On the basis of field mapping and the interpretation of long-valley profiles, we conclude that the propagation of knickzones is the primary mechanism for exhumation in the Black Hills. Long profiles of major drainages show discrete breaks in the slope of the channel gradient that are not coincident with changes in rock type. We use the term knickzones to describe these features because their profiles are broadly convex over tens of kilometers. At and below the knickzone, the channel is incising into bedrock, abandoning a flood plain, and forming a terrace. Above the knickzone, the channel is much less incised, resulting in a broad valley bottom. Numerous examples of stream piracy are documented, and in each case, the capture is recorded in the same terrace level. These observations are consistent with migrating knickzones that have swept through Black Hills streams, rearranging drainages in their wake. We demonstrate there are two knickzone fronts associated with mapped terraces. Preliminary field evidence of soil development shows that these terraces are time transgressive in nature. Our data strongly suggest that knickzone propagation must be considered a viable mechanism driving late Cenozoic fluvial incision and exhumation of the northern High Plains and adjacent northern Rocky Mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0547:KPITBH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zaprowski, B.J., Evenson, E.B., Pazzaglia, F.J., and Epstein, J.B., 2001, Knickzone propagation in the Black Hills and northern High Plains: A different perspective on the late Cenozoic exhumation of the Laramide Rocky Mountains: Geology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 547-550, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0547:KPITBH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills, High Plains, Laramide Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.7945,43.2665 ], [ -104.7945,44.7866 ], [ -102.7523,44.7866 ], [ -102.7523,43.2665 ], [ -104.7945,43.2665 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6377e4b0b290850fed33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaprowski, Brent J.","contributorId":6362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaprowski","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, Edward B.","contributorId":16751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pazzaglia, Frank J.","contributorId":19477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pazzaglia","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70073959,"text":"70073959 - 2001 - Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T15:40:08","indexId":"70073959","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T15:35:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models","docAbstract":"The concurrent effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, climate variability, and cropland establishment and abandonment on terrestrial carbon storage between 1920 and 1992 were assessed using a standard simulation protocol with four process-based terrestrial biosphere models. Over the long-term(1920–1992), the simulations yielded a time history of terrestrial uptake that is consistent (within the uncertainty) with a long-term analysis based on ice core and atmospheric CO2 data. Up to 1958, three of four analyses indicated a net release of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere caused by cropland establishment. After 1958, all analyses indicate a net uptake of carbon by terrestrial ecosystems, primarily because of the physiological effects of rapidly rising atmospheric CO2. During the 1980s the simulations indicate that terrestrial ecosystems stored between 0.3 and 1.5 Pg C yr−1, which is within the uncertainty of analysis based on CO2 and O2 budgets. Three of the four models indicated (in accordance with O2 evidence) that the tropics were approximately neutral while a net sink existed in ecosystems north of the tropics. Although all of the models agree that the long-term effect of climate on carbon storage has been small relative to the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 and land use, the models disagree as to whether climate variability and change in the twentieth century has promoted carbon storage or release. Simulated interannual variability from 1958 generally reproduced the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-scale variability in the atmospheric CO2 increase, but there were substantial differences in the magnitude of interannual variability simulated by the models. The analysis of the ability of the models to simulate the changing amplitude of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 suggested that the observed trend may be a consequence of CO2 effects, climate variability, land use changes, or a combination of these effects. The next steps for improving the process-based simulation of historical terrestrial carbon include (1) the transfer of insight gained from stand-level process studies to improve the sensitivity of simulated carbon storage responses to changes in CO2 and climate, (2) improvements in the data sets used to drive the models so that they incorporate the timing, extent, and types of major disturbances, (3) the enhancement of the models so that they consider major crop types and management schemes, (4) development of data sets that identify the spatial extent of major crop types and management schemes through time, and (5) the consideration of the effects of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. The evaluation of the performance of the models in the context of a more complete consideration of the factors influencing historical terrestrial carbon dynamics is important for reducing uncertainties in representing the role of terrestrial ecosystems in future projections of the Earth system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2000GB001298","usgsCitation":"McGuire, A., Sitch, S., Clein, J.S., Dargaville, R., Esser, G., Foley, J., Heimann, M., Joos, F., Kaplan, J., Kicklighter, D., Meier, R., Melillo, J.M., Moore, B., Prentice, I.C., Ramankutty, N., Reichenau, T., Schloss, A., Tian, H., Williams, L., and Wittenberg, U., 2001, Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 15, no. 1, p. 183-206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001298.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/158812/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":281545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281544,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001298"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd502be4b0b290850f32c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, A. 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W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Meier, R.A.","contributorId":79267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Moore, B. 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C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ramankutty, N.","contributorId":57624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramankutty","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Reichenau, T.","contributorId":107064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenau","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schloss, A.","contributorId":44320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloss","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tian, H.","contributorId":43524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Williams, L.J.","contributorId":41183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wittenberg, U.","contributorId":63990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70201652,"text":"70201652 - 2001 - Utilizing Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM) and Mars Orbiter laser Altimeter (MOLA) data for photogrammetric control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T15:05:27","indexId":"70201652","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T15:04:33","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Utilizing Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM) and Mars Orbiter laser Altimeter (MOLA) data for photogrammetric control","docAbstract":"The USGS is producing digital elevation models (DEM) and topographic maps of Mars at scales of 1:250,000 to 1:1,000,000. The initial source material will be Viking Orbiter images, with a later transition to Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) when stereo coverage from that source is available for topographic mapping. The digital terrain models and topographic maps produced by this effort will support geologic mapping and geophysical studies. The maps will be based on the horizontal and vertical control from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Currently, the maps are based on planetographic coordinates, but eventually planetocentric coordinates will be used.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary Mapping: ISPRS Working Group IV/9 Workshop Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Planetary Mapping: ISPRS Working Group IV/9 Workshop","conferenceDate":"2001","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Rosiek, M.R., Kirk, R.L., Hare, T.M., and Howington-Kraus, E., 2001, Utilizing Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM) and Mars Orbiter laser Altimeter (MOLA) data for photogrammetric control, in Planetary Mapping: ISPRS Working Group IV/9 Workshop Proceedings, 2001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map/Research/ISPRS/isprs_etm_OCT01_rosiek_moon_topography"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1b66e9e4b0708288c71d56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":754716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095015,"text":"70095015 - 2001 - The Landsat 7 mission: terrestrial research and applications for the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T15:01:41","indexId":"70095015","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T14:54:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Landsat 7 mission: terrestrial research and applications for the 21st century","docAbstract":"The Landsat Earth observation approach introduced in 1972 created a new way of monitoring land cover and land use globally. The Landsat 7 mission, successfully launched on April 15, 1999, continues those observations and demonstrates significant progress in precise numerical radiometry, spectral differentiation, and seasonally repetitive monitoring. Substantial improvements in calibration procedures, both prior to launch and during normal operations, have also been made to ensure long-term stability in the acquired spectral radiometry. Landsat 7 data acquisitions are being driven by a long-term data acquisition plan that was designed to ensure that substantially cloud-free, seasonal coverage would be recorded and archived in the US for all land areas of the globe. NASA competitively selected a Landsat Science Team, consisting of representatives from US universities and government agencies, to exploit the Landsat 7 record for global change research. This team is addressing the technical and analytical means to process and analyze the core of this observation record, and for the first time in the history of the Landsat mission, the technical and operational aspects of the mission are being driven by the goals of the US science community. The expected outcome of these efforts is a rapid improvement in understanding the Earth system, as well as conceptual knowledge that will underpin significant advancements in the application of this technology for commercial, operational, educational, and research purposes. Pathways to achieve effective Landsat continuity in the early decades of the 21st century are also being given careful attention, and there is no question that the lessons learned from the Landsat 7 mission will strongly influence these next-generation sensor systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00262-0","usgsCitation":"Goward, S.N., Masek, J.G., Williams, D.L., Irons, J.R., and Thompson, R., 2001, The Landsat 7 mission: terrestrial research and applications for the 21st century: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 78, no. 1-2, p. 3-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00262-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282861,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00262-0"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd76fee4b0b2908510b454","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goward, Samuel N.","contributorId":44459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goward","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masek, Jeffrey G.","contributorId":58188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Darrel L.","contributorId":20627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Darrel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, James R.","contributorId":59284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irons","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, R.J.","contributorId":93624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70074107,"text":"70074107 - 2001 - Applications of resistivity modeling in reservoir development: examples from Balder Field, Norwegian North Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T13:58:03","indexId":"70074107","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:52:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3044,"text":"Petrophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of resistivity modeling in reservoir development: examples from Balder Field, Norwegian North Sea","docAbstract":"The massive Paleocene oil sands of the Balder Field are overlain by several thinly bedded Eocene sand-prone packages of variable facies and reservoir quality. Although these sands have been penetrated by numerous exploration and development wells, uncertainty remains as to their extent, distribution, and ultimate effect on reservoir performance. The section is geologically complex (thin beds, injected sands, shale clasts and laminae, and faulting), and also contains a field-wide primary gas cap. With a depletion plan involving both gas and water injection, geologic/reservoir characterization of the Eocene is critical for prudent resource management during depletion. With this goal, resistivity modeling and core-based thin bed reservoir description from the first phase of development drilling have been integrated with seismic attribute mapping. Detailed core description, core permeability and grain size distribution data delineate six facies and help in distinguishing laterally continuous massive and laminated sands from potentially non-connected injection sands and non-reservoir quality siltstones and tuffs. Volumetric assessment of the thin sand resource has been enhanced by I-D forward modeling of induction log response using a commercial resistivity modeling program, R,BAN. After defining beds and facies with core and high resolution log data, the AHF60 array induction curve response was approximated using the 6FF40 response. Because many of the beds were thinner than 6FF40 resolution, the modeling is considered to provide a lower bound on R,. However, for most beds this model-based R, is significantly higher than that provided by one-foot vertical resolution shallow resistivity data, and is thought to be the best available estimate of true formation resistivity. Sensitivities in STOOIP were assessed with multiple R, earth models which can later be tested against production results. In addition, water saturation height functions, developed in vertical wells and thick beds, can be validated in deviated wells with thin beds. Sand thickness models constrained by this logand core-based petrophysical analysis were used to build impedance seismic synthetic sections from which seismic attributes could be extracted and calibrated. The model-based attribute calibration was then applied to the seismic impedance 3-D cube permitting sand thickness to be mapped and reservoir geology to be modeled with significantly more detail than previously possible. These results will guide the field''s reservoir management and assist in the delineation of new targets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petrophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Haynes, F., and Buretz, O., 2001, Applications of resistivity modeling in reservoir development: examples from Balder Field, Norwegian North Sea: Petrophysics, v. 42, no. 1, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Norwegian Sea;Balder Field","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -13.5,69.95 ], [ -13.5,76.56 ], [ 25.59,76.56 ], [ 25.59,69.95 ], [ -13.5,69.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4dace4b0b290850f1a00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haynes, F.M.","contributorId":19077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buretz, O.M.","contributorId":41739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buretz","given":"O.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073527,"text":"70073527 - 2001 - Relocation of Wyoming mine production blasts using calibration explosions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-19T16:40:25.755815","indexId":"70073527","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:48:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Relocation of Wyoming mine production blasts using calibration explosions","docAbstract":"An important requirement for a comprehensive seismic monitoring system is the capability to accurately locate small seismic events worldwide. Accurate event location can improve the probability of determining whether or not a small event, recorded predominantly by local and regional stations, is a nuclear explosion. For those portions of the earth where crustal velocities are not well established, reference event calibration techniques offer a method of increased locational accuracy and reduced locational bias.\nIn this study, data from a set of mining events with good ground-truth data in the Powder River Basin region of eastern Wyoming are used to investigate the potential of event calibration techniques in the area. Results of this study are compared with locations published in the prototype International Data Center’s Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB). A Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) method was applied to a set of 23 events. Four of those events with superior ground-truth control (mining company report or Global Positioning System data) were used as JHD reference events, Nineteen (83%) of the solutions converged and the resulting set of station-phase travel-time corrections from the JHD results was then tested. When those travel-time corrections were applied individually to the four events with good ground-truth control, the average locational error reduced the original REB location error from 16.1 km to 5.7 km (65% improvement). The JHD locations indicated reduced locational bias and all of the individual error ellipses enclosed the actual known event locations.\nGiven a set of well-recorded calibration events, it appears that the JHD methodology is a viable technique for improving locational accuracy of future small events where the location depends on arrival times from predominantly local and/or regional stations. In this specific case, the International Association of Seismology and the Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI) travel-time tables, coupled with JHDderived travel-time corrections, may obviate the need for an accurately known regional velocity structure in the Powder River Basin region.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring the comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Sourse location","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-0348-8250-7_8","isbn":"978-3-0348-8250-7","usgsCitation":"Finn, C., Kraft, G.D., Sibol, M.S., Jones, R.L., and Pulaski, M.E., 2001, Relocation of Wyoming mine production blasts using calibration explosions, chap. of Monitoring the comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Sourse location, v. 158, no. 1-2, p. 105-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8250-7_8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"116","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":422,"text":"National Geomagnetism Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0076,42.6259 ], [ -104.0076,46.7850 ], [ -108.1714,46.7850 ], [ -108.1714,42.6259 ], [ -104.0076,42.6259 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"158","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7043e4b0b29085106ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0003-3144-1645 cafinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1645","contributorId":152589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol A.","email":"cafinn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraft, Gordon D.","contributorId":101186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibol, Matthew S.","contributorId":92578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibol","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Ronald L.","contributorId":49702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pulaski, Mark E.","contributorId":72299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulaski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046927,"text":"70046927 - 2001 - National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T13:36:34","indexId":"70046927","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)","docAbstract":"The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a feature-based database that interconnects and uniquely identifies the stream segments or reaches that make up the nation's surface water drainage system. NHD data was originally developed at 1:100,000 scale and exists at that scale for the whole country. High resolution NHD adds detail to the original 1:100,000-scale NHD. (Data for Alaska, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands was developed at high-resolution, not 1:100,000 scale.) Like the 1:100,000-scale NHD, high resolution NHD contains reach codes for networked features and isolated lakes, flow direction, names, stream level, and centerline representations for areal water bodies. Reaches are also defined to represent waterbodies and the approximate shorelines of the Great Lakes, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico. The NHD also incorporates the National Spatial Data Infrastructure framework criteria set out by the Federal Geographic Data Committee.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046927","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other State and local partners (see dataset specific metadata under Data_Set_Credit for details)","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046927.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274773,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/nhd.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7333,24.5333 ], [ -124.7333,49.3833 ], [ -67.9500,49.3833 ], [ -67.9500,24.5333 ], [ -124.7333,24.5333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30ece4b0f72b44719c9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159723,"text":"70159723 - 2001 - Field trials of line transect methods applied to estimation of desert tortoise abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T16:43:34.77679","indexId":"70159723","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field trials of line transect methods applied to estimation of desert tortoise abundance","docAbstract":"We examine the degree to which field observers can meet the assumptions underlying line transect sampling to monitor populations of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). We present the results of 2 field trials using artificial tortoise models in 3 size classes. The trials were conducted on 2 occasions on an area south of Las Vegas, Nevada, where the density of the test population was known. In the first trials, conducted largely by experienced biologists who had been involved in tortoise surveys for many years, the density of adult tortoise models was well estimated (-3.9% bias), while the bias was higher (-20%) for subadult tortoise models. The bias for combined data was -12.0%. The bias was largely attributed to the failure to detect all tortoise models on or near the transect centerline. The second trials were conducted with a group of largely inexperienced student volunteers and used somewhat different searching methods, and the results were similar to the first trials. Estimated combined density of subadult and adult tortoise models had a negative bias (-7.3%), again attributable to failure to detect some models on or near the centerline. Experience in desert tortoise biology, either comparing the first and second trials or in the second trial with 2 experienced biologists versus 16 novices, did not have an apparent effect on the quality of the data or the accuracy of the estimates. Observer training, specific to line transect sampling, and field testing are important components of a reliable survey. Line transect sampling represents a viable method for largescale monitoring of populations of desert tortoise; however, field protocol must be improved to assure the key assumptions are met.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Washington","doi":"10.2307/3803111","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P., Lubow, B., Thomas, L.E., Corn, P., Medica, P.A., and Marlow, R., 2001, Field trials of line transect methods applied to estimation of desert tortoise abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 3, p. 583-597, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803111.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"597","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.45806884765625,\n 35.66845370835343\n ],\n [\n -115.45806884765625,\n 36.12900165569652\n ],\n [\n -114.88128662109375,\n 36.12900165569652\n ],\n [\n -114.88128662109375,\n 35.66845370835343\n ],\n [\n -115.45806884765625,\n 35.66845370835343\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf4ce4b0112df6c62e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":92722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lubow, Bruce C.","contributorId":131076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lubow","given":"Bruce C.","affiliations":[{"id":7230,"text":"Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, L. E. N.","contributorId":149967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Medica, Philip A.","contributorId":55780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marlow, R.W.","contributorId":20276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70048223,"text":"70048223 - 2001 - Elevations and distances in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-12T16:58:18.773972","indexId":"70048223","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T12:55:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Elevations and distances in the United States","docAbstract":"The information in this booklet was compiled to answer inquiries received by the U.S. Geological Survey from students, teachers, writers, editors, publishers of encyclopedias, almanacs, and other reference books, and people in many other fields of work.
\nThe elevations of features and distances between points in the United States were determined from surveys and topographic maps of the U.S. Geological Survey or obtained from other sources. In most cases, the elevations were determined from surveys and from 1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale, 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps. In Alaska, information was taken from 1:63,360-scale, 15-minute topographic quadrangle maps. In a few cases, data were obtained from older, 1:62,500-scale, 15-minute maps; these maps have been replaced with larger scale 7.5-minute coverage.
\nFurther information about U.S. Geological Survey products can be obtained from: U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, 507 National Center, Reston, VA 20192 or phone 1-888-ASK-USGS, E-mail: ask@usgs.gov, TTY: 703-648-4119.
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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523979eee4b04b9308ae4ef7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":622086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70114185,"text":"70114185 - 2001 - Ground-water flow and quality in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T10:48:34","indexId":"70114185","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T10:42:24","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":127,"text":"New Jersey Geological Survey Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"GSR 41","title":"Ground-water flow and quality in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The regional, confined Atlantic City 800-foot sand is the principal source of water supply for coastal communities of southern New Jersey. In response to extensive use of the aquifer--nearly 21 million gallons per day in 1986--water levels have declined to about 100 feet below sea level near Atlantic City and remain below sea level throughout the coastal areas of southern New Jersey, raising concerns about the potential for saltwater intrusion into well fields.
\nWater levels in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand have declined in response to pumping from the aquifer since the 1890's. Water levels in the first wells drilled into the Atlantic City 800-foot sand were above land surface, and water flowed continuously from the wells. By 1986, water levels were below sea level throughout most of the coastal areas. Under current conditions, wells near the coast derive most of their supply from lateral flow contributed from the unconfined part of the aquifer northwest of the updip limit of the confining unit that overlies the Atlantic City 800- foot sand. Ground water also flows laterally from offshore areas and leaks vertically through the overlying and underlying confining units into the Atlantic City 800-foot sand. The decline in water levels upsets the historical equilibrium between freshwater and ancient saltwater in offshore parts of the aquifer and permits the lateral movement of saltwater toward pumping centers. The rate of movement is accelerated as the decline in water levels increases. The chloride concentration of aquifer water 5.3 miles offshore of Atlantic City was measured as 77 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in 1985 at a U.S. Geological Survey observation well. Salty water has also moved toward wells in Cape May County. The confined, regional nature of the Atlantic City 800-foot sand permits water levels in Cape May County to decline in response to pumping in Atlantic County and vice versa. Historically, chloride concentrations as great as 1 ,510 mg/L have been reported for water in a former supply well in southern Cape May County. These data indicate that salty water has moved inland in Cape May County. Analysis of the chloride-concentration data indicates that ground water with a chloride concentration of 250 mg/L is within 4 miles of supply wells in Stone Harbor, Cape May County, and is about 10 miles offshore of supply wells near Atlantic City.
\nResults of numerical simulations of ground-water flow were analyzed to determine the effects of four water-supply alternatives on water levels, the flow budget, and potential saltwater movement toward pumping centers during 1986-2040. In the supply alternatives, pumpage is (1) held constant at 1986 rates of pumpage; (2) increased by 35 percent at 1986 locations; (3) increased by 35 percent, but with relocation of some supply wells further inland; and (4) increased by 35 percent but with some of the increase derived from inland wells tapping the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system rather than the Atlantic City 800-foot sand. Inland relocation of supply wells closer to the updip limit of the overlying confining unit results in the smallest decline in water levels and the smallest rate of ground-water flow between the offshore location of salty water and coastal supply wells. Increased pumpage from coastal supply wells results in the greatest water-level declines and the greatest increase in the rate of ground-water flow from offshore to coastal wells.
\nFlow of undesirable salty ground water from offshore locations remains nearly the same as for current (1986) conditions when pumping rates do not change, and the flow-rate increase is smallest for the relocated pumpage (fourth) alternative. In comparing the two conditions of a 35-percent increase in pumpage, the flow from undesirable salty water positions is lessened and flow from the unconfined aquifer is increased when some of the pumping centers are relocated farther inland. Ground water from the 250-mg/L isochlor position does not reach supply wells during any simulated conditions predicted for 1986-2040. The analysis of the simulation, however, includes only advective freshwater flow from an estimated 250-mg/L isochlor position and does not include density effects. A chloride concentration data-collection network could be designed to monitor for saltwater intrusion and serve as an early warning system for the communities of southern Cape May County and the coastal communities near Atlantic City. Data from existing offshore wells could continue to serve as an early warning system for the Atlantic City area; however, observation wells south of Stone Harbor, in the Wildwood area, would be useful as an early warning system for southern Cape May County.
","language":"English","publisher":"New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research and Technology, Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research and Technology, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"McAuley, S.D., Barringer, J., Paulachok, G.N., Clark, J.S., and Zapecza, O.S., 2001, Ground-water flow and quality in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, New Jersey: New Jersey Geological Survey Report GSR 41, vi, 86 p.","productDescription":"vi, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290120,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70114185/report.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 18","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Atlantic City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.4266,38.7969 ], [ -75.4266,40.246 ], [ -73.7842,40.246 ], [ -73.7842,38.7969 ], [ -75.4266,38.7969 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa9df2e4b065055fab1669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, Steven D.","contributorId":81895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paulachok, Gary N. gnpaulac@usgs.gov","contributorId":3500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulachok","given":"Gary","email":"gnpaulac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":85222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zapecza, Otto S. ozapecza@usgs.gov","contributorId":3687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zapecza","given":"Otto","email":"ozapecza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70201974,"text":"70201974 - 2001 - Planetary geodesy and cartography at the USGS, Flagstaff: Moon, Mars, Venus, and beyond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T11:07:50","indexId":"70201974","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T09:34:28","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Planetary geodesy and cartography at the USGS, Flagstaff: Moon, Mars, Venus, and beyond","docAbstract":"An important theme of our work is the synergistic use of a variety of geodetic, cartographic, and photogrammetric software packages. The USGS digital cartographic software system ISIS provides most of the processing capability needed for planimetric mapping tasks such as our revision of the global digital image mosaic of Mars (MDIM). The geodetic control network on which this mosaic is based was produced at RAND with planetary bundle-block adjustment software that was developed there and that has recently been transferred to the USGS where we are also using it to compute a revised control network of Io from Voyager and Galileo images. The revised MDIM compiled in 2000 is substantially improved over the version produced from the same ~4500 Viking Orbiter images in 1991, both in geodetic accuracy and in radiometric/cosmetic quality. Maps of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter have also been improved geodetically and cosmetically as we have added Galileo images to the control networks and digital mosaics.
Stereotopographic mapping of the Moon, Mars, Venus, and the asteroid Eros requires ISIS for data ingestion and calibration steps, along with the commercial photogrammetric software SOCET SETâ for “photogrammetric” steps such as adjustment of control and topographic model extraction and editing. Novel procedures must frequently be developed to deal with problems of planetary datasets such as the need to use large numbers of small images, nonuniform image coverage, poor image overlap, and lack of true ground control. Some sensors, such as the Magellan Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), also require the development of specialized sensor model software.
A second important theme is the complementarity between photogrammetric techniques and the laser altimeter systems coming into increasing use on planetary spacecraft. Stereoanalysis of Clementine images of the Moon has been used to fill in major gaps in the altimeter dataset at high latitudes, but the stereo data must be tied to the altimetry where the datasets overlap. For Mars and Eros, our stereomapping provides spatial sampling of topography finer than that achieved by altimetry, but use of the altimetry data for vertical control is essential to improve the absolute accuracy of photogrammetric topographic models. The dense spatial sampling of the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) dataset makes it useful as a source of horizontal control as well: features in images can easily be recognized in the altimetry and can be assigned coordinates with such small uncertainties that they function effectively as ground control points in the photogrammetric bundle-block adjustment. Such MOLA-derived ground points will be used to further improve the Viking Orbiter based control network and MDIM late in 2001 and will be incorporated into a subsequent network and mosaic based on global stereo imagery from MOC.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the XXth International Cartographic Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XXth International Cartographic Conference","conferenceDate":"August 6-10, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","publisher":"International Cartographic Association (ICA)","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Rosiek, M.R., Howington-Kraus, E., Eliason, E.M., Archinal, B.A., and Lee, E., 2001, Planetary geodesy and cartography at the USGS, Flagstaff: Moon, Mars, Venus, and beyond, in Proceedings of the XXth International Cartographic Conference, Beijing, China, August 6-10, 2001, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Eros, Mars, Moon, Venus","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":756393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eliason, Eric M.","contributorId":21280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, Ella M. elee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Ella M.","email":"elee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":756397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182053,"text":"70182053 - 2001 - Intraspecific variation in nutrient reserve use during clutch formation by Lesser Scaup","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:03:07","indexId":"70182053","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraspecific variation in nutrient reserve use during clutch formation by Lesser Scaup","docAbstract":"We studied nutrient reserve dynamics of female Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) to identify sources of intraspecific variation in strategies of nutrient acquisition for meeting the high nutritional and energetic costs of egg formation. We collected data from interior Alaska and combined these with data for Lesser Scaup from midcontinent breeding areas (Afton and Ankney 1991), allowing a rangewide analysis for the species. We found little evidence that nutrient reserve use differed between Alaskan and midcontinent Lesser Scaup, except that subarctic birds used a small amount of protein reserves when forming eggs, whereas midcontinent birds did not. Mineral reserves contributed relatively little to the clutch, but endogenous lipid accounted for approximately two-thirds of the lipid in the clutch. Levels of endogenous lipid and protein at initiation of clutch formation declined with date of initiation. Also, absolute amounts of lipid and protein reserves used declined through the season, corresponding to smaller clutch sizes. Our data are consistent with a seasonally variable threshold of lipid reserves for initiation of clutch formation and considerable reliance on lipid reserves, suggestive of lipid control of productivity via effects on clutch size and initiation dates. However, our data cannot refute the hypothesis that clutch size or initiation dates are set by other factors that in turn dictate the amount of lipid reserves that are stored and used. Despite uncertainty regarding the role of nutrient limitations on productivity, maintenance of adequate food resources on winter, migration, and breeding areas should be a management concern, given the high costs of clutch formation by Lesser Scaup, evidence of recent population declines, and potential links between nutrition and productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0810:IVINRU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Grand, J.B., and Afton, A.D., 2001, Intraspecific variation in nutrient reserve use during clutch formation by Lesser Scaup: The Condor, no. 103, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0810:IVINRU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"820","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0810:ivinru]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","issue":"103","edition":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57702e4b057081a24ee5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":669404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Afton, Alan D. 0000-0002-0436-8588 aafton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-8588","contributorId":139582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afton","given":"Alan","email":"aafton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023351,"text":"70023351 - 2001 - Carbon dynamics within agricultural and native sites in the loess region of Western lowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70023351","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dynamics within agricultural and native sites in the loess region of Western lowa","docAbstract":"In order to quantify the historical changes in carbon storage that result from agricultural conversion, this study compared the carbon dynamics of two sites in the loess region of Iowa: a native prairie and a cropland. Field data were obtained to determine present-day carbon storage and its variability within a landscape (a stable ridgetop vs. eroding upper-midslope vs. depositional lower slope). Models were used to recreate the historical carbon budget of these sites and determine the cropland's potential to be a net CO2 source or sink, relative to the atmosphere. Regardless of slope position, the cropland site contains approximately half the amount of carbon as prairie. Variability in soil carbon storage within a site as a consequence of slope position is as large or larger (variations of 200-300%) than temporal variation (???200% at all slope positions). The most extreme difference in soil carbon storage between the cropland and prairie sites is found in the soil at the upper-midslope, which is the area of greatest erosion. The models estimate that 93-172% of the carbon in the original topsoil has been lost from the cropland's eroding midslope. Much of this carbon is derived from deeper soil horizons. Either a small sink or strong source of carbon to the atmosphere is created, depending on the fate of the eroded sediment and its associated carbon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00427.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Manies, K., Harden, J., Kramer, L., and Parton, W., 2001, Carbon dynamics within agricultural and native sites in the loess region of Western lowa: Global Change Biology, v. 7, no. 5, p. 545-555, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00427.x.","startPage":"545","endPage":"555","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00427.x"},{"id":232641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f362e4b0c8380cd4b785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kramer, L.","contributorId":14365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parton, W.J.","contributorId":89685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}