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The Mayfield method has been widely used for estimating survival of nests and young animals, especially when data are collected at irregular observation intervals. However, this method assumes survival is constant throughout the study period, which often ignores biologically relevant variation and may lead to biased survival estimates. We examined the bias and accuracy of 1 modification to the Mayfield method that allows for temporal variation in survival, and we developed and similarly tested 2 additional methods. One of these 2 new methods is simply an iterative extension of Klett and Johnson's method, which we refer to as the Iterative Mayfield method and bears similarity to Kaplan-Meier methods. The other method uses maximum likelihood techniques for estimation and is best applied to survival of animals in groups or families, rather than as independent individuals. We also examined how robust these estimators are to heterogeneity in the data, which can arise from such sources as dependent survival probabilities among siblings, inherent differences among families, and adoption. Testing of estimator performance with respect to bias, accuracy, and heterogeneity was done using simulations that mimicked a study of survival of emperor goose (Chen canagica) goslings. Assuming constant survival for inappropriately long periods of time or use of Klett and Johnson's methods resulted in large bias or poor accuracy (often >5% bias or root mean square error) compared to our Iterative Mayfield or maximum likelihood methods. Overall, estimator performance was slightly better with our Iterative Mayfield than our maximum likelihood method, but the maximum likelihood method provides a more rigorous framework for testing covariates and explicity models a heterogeneity factor. We demonstrated use of all estimators with data from emperor goose goslings. We advocate that future studies use the new methods outlined here rather than the traditional Mayfield method or its previous modifications.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802905","usgsCitation":"Manly, B.F., and Schmutz, J.A., 2001, Estimation of brood and nest survival: Comparative methods in the presence of heterogeneity: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 2, p. 258-270, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802905.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3802905","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000967,"text":"1000967 - 2001 - A probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T14:19:56","indexId":"1000967","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks","docAbstract":"Silver (Ag) is discharged in wastewater effluents and is also a component in a proposed secondary water disinfectant. A steady-state model was developed to simulate bioaccumulation in aquatic biota and assess ecological and human health risks. Trophic levels included phytoplankton, invertebrates, brown trout, and common carp. Uptake routes included water, food, or sediment. Based on an extensive review of the literature, distributions were derived for most inputs for use in Monte Carlo simulations. Three scenarios represented ranges of dilution and turbidity. Compared with the limited field data available, median estimates of Ag in carp (0.07-2.1 Iμg/g dry weight) were 0.5 to 9 times measured values, and all measurements were within the predicted interquartile range. Median Ag concentrations in biota were ranked invertebrates > phytoplankton > trout > carp. Biotic concentrations were highest for conditions of low dilution and low turbidity. Critical variables included Ag assimilation eficiency, specific feeding rate, and the phytoplankton bioconcentration factor. Bioaccumulation of Ag seems unlikely to result in txicity to aquatic biota and humans consuming fish. Although the highest predicted Ag concentrations in water (>200 ng/L) may pose chronic risks to early survival and development of salmonids and risks of argyria to subsistence fishers, these results occur under highly conservative conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620200226","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Warila, J., Batterman, S., and Passino-Reader, D.R., 2001, A probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 432-441, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200226.","productDescription":"p. 432-441","startPage":"432","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266635,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200226"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a990c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warila, James","contributorId":45270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warila","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batterman, Stuart","contributorId":100806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batterman","given":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194282,"text":"70194282 - 2001 - A model for nematode locomotion in soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T13:46:41","indexId":"70194282","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5558,"text":"Nematology","onlineIssn":"1568-5411","printIssn":"1388-5545","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for nematode locomotion in soil","docAbstract":"

Locomotion of nematodes in soil is important for both practical and theoretical reasons. We constructed a model for rate of locomotion. The first model component is a simple simulation of nematode movement among finite cells by both random and directed behaviours. Optimisation procedures were used to fit the simulation output to data from published experiments on movement along columns of soil or washed sand, and thus to estimate the values of the model's movement coefficients. The coefficients then provided an objective means to compare rates of locomotion among studies done under different experimental conditions. The second component of the model is an equation to predict the movement coefficients as a function of controlling factors that have been addressed experimentally: soil texture, bulk density, water potential, temperature, trophic group of nematode, presence of an attractant or physical gradient and the duration of the experiment. Parameters of the equation were estimated by optimisation to achieve a good fit to the estimated movement coefficients. Bulk density, which has been reported in a minority of published studies, is predicted to have an important effect on rate of locomotion, at least in fine-textured soils. Soil sieving, which appears to be a universal practice in laboratory studies of nematode movement, is predicted to negatively affect locomotion. Slower movement in finer textured soils would be expected to increase isolation among local populations, and thus to promote species richness. Future additions to the model that might improve its utility include representing heterogeneity within populations in rate of movement, development of gradients of chemical attractants, trade-offs between random and directed components of movement, species differences in optimal temperature and water potential, and interactions among factors controlling locomotion.

","language":"English","publisher":"Brill Publishers","doi":"10.1163/156854101753536082","usgsCitation":"Hunt, H.W., Wall, D., DeCrappeo, N., and Brenner, J.S., 2001, A model for nematode locomotion in soil: Nematology, v. 3, no. 7, p. 705-716, https://doi.org/10.1163/156854101753536082.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"716","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612054e4b06e28e9c25b3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, H. William","contributorId":35665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, Diana H.","contributorId":189136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"Diana H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCrappeo, Nicole 0000-0002-6928-8853 ndecrappeo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-8853","contributorId":1939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCrappeo","given":"Nicole","email":"ndecrappeo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenner, John S.","contributorId":196100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142647,"text":"70142647 - 2001 - Cloud characterization and clear-sky correction from Landsat-7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:08:31","indexId":"70142647","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cloud characterization and clear-sky correction from Landsat-7","docAbstract":"

Landsat, with its wide swath and high resolution, fills an important mesoscale gap between atmospheric variations seen on a few kilometer scale by local surface instrumentation and the global view of coarser resolution satellites such as MODIS. In this important scale range, Landsat reveals radiative effects on the few hundred-meter scale of common photon mean-free-paths, typical of scattering in clouds at conservative (visible) wavelengths, and even shorter mean-free-paths of absorptive (near-infrared) wavelengths. Landsat also reveals shadowing effects caused by both cloud and vegetation that impact both cloudy and clear-sky radiances. As a result, Landsat has been useful in development of new cloud retrieval methods and new aerosol and surface retrievals that account for photon diffusion and shadowing effects. This paper discusses two new cloud retrieval methods: the nonlocal independent pixel approximation (NIPA) and the normalized difference nadir radiance method (NDNR). We illustrate the improvements in cloud property retrieval enabled by the new low gain settings of Landsat-7 and difficulties found at high gains. Then, we review the recently developed “path radiance” method of aerosol retrieval and clear-sky correction using data from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site in Oklahoma. Nearby clouds change the solar radiation incident on the surface and atmosphere due to indirect illumination from cloud sides. As a result, if clouds are nearby, this extra side-illumination causes clear pixels to appear brighter, which can be mistaken for extra aerosol or higher surface albedo. Thus, cloud properties must be known in order to derive accurate aerosol and surface properties. A three-dimensional (3D) Monte Carlo (MC) radiative transfer simulation illustrates this point and suggests a method to subtract the cloud effect from aerosol and surface retrievals. The main conclusion is that cloud, aerosol, and surface retrievals are linked and must be treated as a combined system. Landsat provides the range of scales necessary to observe the 3D cloud radiative effects that influence joint surface-atmospheric retrievals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00251-6","usgsCitation":"Cahalan, R.F., Oreopoulos, L., Wen, G., Marshak, S., Tsay, S.#., and DeFelice, T., 2001, Cloud characterization and clear-sky correction from Landsat-7: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 78, no. 1-2, p. 83-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00251-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec42ce4b02419550debae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahalan, Robert F.","contributorId":139616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahalan","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oreopoulos, L.","contributorId":139617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oreopoulos","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wen, G.","contributorId":139618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshak, S.","contributorId":34657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshak","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsay, S. #NAME?","contributorId":139619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsay","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeFelice, Tom","contributorId":9829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFelice","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184368,"text":"70184368 - 2001 - Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T10:26:05","indexId":"70184368","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice","docAbstract":"

The US and former USSR conducted joint surveys of Pacific walruses on sea ice and at land haul-outs in 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990. One of the difficulties in interpreting results of these surveys has been that, except for the 1990 survey, the Americans and Soviets used different methods for estimating population size from their respective portions of the sea ice data. We used data exchanged between Soviet and American scientists to compare and evaluate the two estimation procedures and to derive a set of alternative estimates from the 1975, 1980, and 1985 surveys based on a single consistent procedure. Estimation method had only a small effect on total population estimates because most walruses were found at land haul-outs. However, the Soviet method is subject to bias that depends on the distribution of the population on the sea ice and this has important implications for interpreting the ice portions of previously reported surveys for walruses and other pinniped species. We recommend that the American method be used in future surveys. Future research on survey methods for walruses should focus on other potential sources of bias and variation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01007.x","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Gilbert, J.R., and Fedoseev, G.A., 2001, Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice: Marine Mammal Science, v. 17, no. 3, p. 601-616, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01007.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"616","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -190.634765625,\n 65.62202261510642\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 65.62202261510642\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 73.07384351277217\n ],\n [\n -190.634765625,\n 73.07384351277217\n ],\n [\n -190.634765625,\n 65.62202261510642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12642e4b014cc3a3d34ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, James R.","contributorId":181916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fedoseev, Gennadii A.","contributorId":187659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fedoseev","given":"Gennadii","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174311,"text":"70174311 - 2001 - Simplified conversions between specific conductance and salinity units for use with data from monitoring stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T13:18:13.91924","indexId":"70174311","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simplified conversions between specific conductance and salinity units for use with data from monitoring stations","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Reclamation, and the California Department of Water Resources maintain a large number of monitoring stations that record specific conductance, often referred to as “electrical conductivity,” in San Francisco Bay Estuary and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Specific conductance units that have been normalized to a standard temperature are useful in fresh waters, but conversion to salinity units has some considerable advantages in brackish waters of the estuary and Delta. For example, salinity is linearly related to the mixing ratio of freshwater and seawater, which is not the case for specific conductance, even when values are normalized to a standard temperature. The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 is based on specific conductance, temperature, and pressure measurements of seawater and freshwater mixtures (Lewis 1980 and references therein). Equations and data that define the scale make possible conversions between specific conductance and salinity values.

\n

This article presents a simplified conversion to salinity units for use with specific conductance data from monitoring stations that have been normalized to a standard temperature of 25 °C and an equation for the reverse calculation. Although these previously undocumented methods have been shared with many IEP agencies over the last two decades, the sources of the equations and data are identified here so that the original literature can be accessed.

","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Study Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., 2001, Simplified conversions between specific conductance and salinity units for use with data from monitoring stations: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 14, no. 1, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324844,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421958,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iep.ca.gov/Publications/IEP-Newsletter"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d33e4b0ef4d2f45fac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":641799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023572,"text":"70023572 - 2001 - Eruptive stratigraphy of the Tatara-San Pedro complex, 36°S, sourthern volcanic zone, Chilean Andes: Reconstruction method and implications for magma evolution at long-lived arc volcanic centers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T19:34:43.999113","indexId":"70023572","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruptive stratigraphy of the Tatara-San Pedro complex, 36°S, sourthern volcanic zone, Chilean Andes: Reconstruction method and implications for magma evolution at long-lived arc volcanic centers","docAbstract":"

The Quaternary Tatara–San Pedro volcanic complex (36°S, Chilean Andes) comprises eight or more unconformity-bound volcanic sequences, representing variably preserved erosional remnants of volcanic centers generated during ∼930 ky of activity. The internal eruptive histories of several dominantly mafic to intermediate sequences have been reconstructed, on the basis of correlations of whole-rock major and trace element chemistry of flows between multiple sampled sections, but with critical contributions from photogrammetric, geochronologic, and paleomagnetic data. Many groups of flows representing discrete eruptive events define internal variation trends that reflect extrusion of heterogeneous or rapidly evolving magma batches from conduit–reservoir systems in which open-system processes typically played a large role. Long-term progressive evolution trends are extremely rare and the magma compositions of successive eruptive events rarely lie on precisely the same differentiation trend, even where they have evolved from similar parent magmas by similar processes. These observations are not consistent with magma differentiation in large long-lived reservoirs, but they may be accommodated by diverse interactions between newly arrived magma inputs and multiple resident pockets of evolved magma and/or crystal mush residing in conduit-dominated subvolcanic reservoirs. Without constraints provided by the reconstructed stratigraphic relations, the framework for petrologic modeling would be far different. A well-established eruptive stratigraphy may provide independent constraints on the petrologic processes involved in magma evolution—simply on the basis of the specific order in which diverse, broadly cogenetic magmas have been erupted. The Tatara–San Pedro complex includes lavas ranging from primitive basalt to high-SiO2 rhyolite, and although the dominant erupted magma type was basaltic andesite (∼52–55 wt % SiO2) each sequence is characterized by unique proportions of mafic, intermediate, and silicic eruptive products. Intermediate lava compositions also record different evolution paths, both within and between sequences. No systematic long-term pattern is evident from comparisons at the level of sequences. The considerable diversity of mafic and evolved magmas of the Tatara–San Pedro complex bears on interpretations of regional geochemical trends. The variable role of open-system processes in shaping the compositions of evolved Tatara–San Pedro complex magmas, and even some basaltic magmas, leads to the conclusion that addressing problems such as arc magma genesis and elemental fluxes through subduction zones on the basis of averaged or regressed reconnaissance geochemical datasets is a tenuous exercise. Such compositional indices are highly instructive for identifying broad regional trends and first-order problems, but they should be used with extreme caution in attempts to quantify processes and magma sources, including crustal components, implicated in these trends.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/42.3.555","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Dungan, M., Wulff, A., and Thompson, R., 2001, Eruptive stratigraphy of the Tatara-San Pedro complex, 36°S, sourthern volcanic zone, Chilean Andes: Reconstruction method and implications for magma evolution at long-lived arc volcanic centers: Journal of Petrology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 555-626, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.3.555.","productDescription":"72 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"626","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Andes Mountains, Tatara-San Pedro Volcanic Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.22932453832438,\n -32.53514728524265\n ],\n [\n -74.22932453832438,\n -37.51540860294333\n ],\n [\n -68.79863955586832,\n -37.51540860294333\n ],\n [\n -68.79863955586832,\n -32.53514728524265\n ],\n [\n -74.22932453832438,\n -32.53514728524265\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a59e4b0c8380cd522fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dungan, M.A.","contributorId":36304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dungan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wulff, A.","contributorId":96452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulff","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, R.","contributorId":103444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":87364,"text":"87364 - 2001 - Uncertainty and spatial linear models for ecological data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T14:19:49.009581","indexId":"87364","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Uncertainty and spatial linear models for ecological data","docAbstract":"

Models are not perfect; they do not fit the data exactly and they do not allow exact prediction. Given that models are imperfect, we need to assess the uncertainties in the fits of the models and their ability to predict new outcomes. The goals of building models for scientific problems include (1) understanding and developing appropriate relationships between variables, and (2) predicting variables in the future or at locations where data have not been collected. Ecological models range in complexity from those that are relatively simple (e.g., linear regression) to those that are very complex (e.g., ecosystem models, forest-growth models, and nitrogen-cycling models). In a mathematical model, parameters control the relationships between variables in the model. In this framework of parametric modeling, inference is the process whereby we take output (data) and estimate model parameters, whereas deduction is the process whereby we take a parameterized model and obtain output (data) or deduce properties. We often add random components in both inference and deduction to reflect a model’s lack-of-fit and our uncertainty about predicting outcomes. Complex models in ecology have largely been of the deductive type, where the scientist takes some values of parameters (usually obtained from an independent data source or chosen from a reasonable range of values) and then simulates results based on model relationships. These models may be quite realistic, but the manner in which their parameters are obtained for the simulations is questionable.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Spatial uncertainty in ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4613-0209-4_10","usgsCitation":"Ver Hoef, J.M., Cressie, N., Fisher, R., and Case, T.J., 2001, Uncertainty and spatial linear models for ecological data, chap. of Spatial uncertainty in ecology, p. 214-237, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0209-4_10.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d51","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hunsaker, C.","contributorId":48887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505087,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodchild, M.","contributorId":112893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodchild","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505089,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedl, Mark A.","contributorId":113388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedl","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505090,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, Ted J.","contributorId":70714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505088,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Ver Hoef, Jay M","contributorId":217318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ver Hoef","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":39604,"text":"NOAA-NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cressie, Noel","contributorId":200280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cressie","given":"Noel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16754,"text":"University of Wollongong, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, Ted J.","contributorId":70714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":87377,"text":"87377 - 2001 - Population trends of the common murre (Uria aalge californica)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87377,"text":"87377 - 2001 - Population trends of the common murre (Uria aalge californica)","indexId":"87377","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","displayTitle":"Population trends of the common murre (Uria aalge californica)","title":"Population trends of the common murre (Uria aalge californica)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53901,"text":"itr20000012 - 2001 - Biology and conservation of the common murre in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia: Vol. 1, Natural history and population trends","indexId":"itr20000012","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Biology and conservation of the common murre in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia: Vol. 1, Natural history and population trends"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53901,"text":"itr20000012 - 2001 - Biology and conservation of the common murre in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia: Vol. 1, Natural history and population trends","indexId":"itr20000012","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Biology and conservation of the common murre in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia: Vol. 1, Natural history and population trends"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T21:05:02","indexId":"87377","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2000-0012","chapter":"2","displayTitle":"Population trends of the common murre (Uria aalge californica)","title":"Population trends of the common murre (Uria aalge californica)","docAbstract":"

Population trends for the common murre (Uria aalge californica) were determined from available whole-colony counts of murres in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia from 1800 to 1995.From 1800 to 1978, historical counts were sporadic and not standardized. From 1979 to 1995, standardized whole-colony counts from aerial photographs were conducted in many years in California, Oregon, and Washington. In contrast, no aerial photographs of murre colonies in British Columbia have been taken and only a few other whole-colony counts have been conducted. Direct comparisons and statistical treatment of whole-colony counts were conducted using 1979-95 data. Complete data for all colonies were available only in 1988-89 when the breeding murre population was estimated to be 1.1 million, about 5-8% of the world population and 13-28% of the Pacific Ocean population. A summary of various natural and anthropogenic factors affecting murre populations in western North America since 1800, and particularly in 1979-95, also is provided.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and conservation of the common murre in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Volume 1: Natural history and population trends (Information and Technology Report 2002-0012)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Carter, H., Wilson, U., Lowe, R.W., Rodway, M., Manuwal, D.A., Takekawa, J.E., and Yee, J.L., 2001, Population trends of the common murre (Uria aalge californica): Information and Technology Report 2000-0012, v. 1, 100 p.","productDescription":"100 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683dd7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Manuwal, David Allen","contributorId":16902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manuwal","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":505123,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":79546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry R.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505125,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, Tara S.","contributorId":106961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505124,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orthmeyer, Dennis L.","contributorId":52646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708417,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":79546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry R.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Ulrich W.","contributorId":191079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Ulrich W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, Roy W.","contributorId":50847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodway, M.S.","contributorId":37276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodway","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manuwal, David Allen","contributorId":16902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manuwal","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70023651,"text":"70023651 - 2001 - The importance of survey timing in monitoring breeding seabird numbers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023651","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of survey timing in monitoring breeding seabird numbers","docAbstract":"We conducted weekly aerial surveys of islands along the central Maine coast from April-June of 1993-1997 and used aerial photographs to determine peak nest count dates for Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-Backed Gulls (Larus marinus). These data also were used to determine the potential effect of survey timing on the ability to detect long-term trends in the abundance of these species. The number of cormorant nests in the study area peaked in mid-June, while Great Black-backed and Herring gulls peaked in late May and early June, respectively. Peak nesting dates generally were consistent for each island across years, but varied by up to a month between islands during a given year. A 10-year monitoring program using annual surveys conducted between 23 May and 23 June, or biennial surveys conducted from 2-17 June, would have an 80% probability of detecting annual changes of ??5% for all three species in this region. 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This is the first known use of aeromagnetic data as an aid to surficial mapping and hydrogeologic studies in a basin. Aeromagnetic maps show detailed fault patterns within the basin fill that revise the structural view of the basin. Concealed faults are more numerous and more closely spaced than expected. The Hubbell Springs fault is the central splay of three generally north-striking fault splays that can be traced for nearly 50 km. The splays converge on the north and may represent the southern extension of the Tijeras fault, contradicting the proposed southwest extension of the Tijeras fault across the basin. In profile view, the linear aeromagnetic anomalies associated with faults show a variety of signatures. One signature has potential for mapping fault-controlled sedimentation in the subsurface because it identifies increases in magnetic, likely coarse-grained, material in the hanging walls of faults.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0367:HRADAN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., 2001, High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico: Geology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 367-370, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0367:HRADAN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.91070556640625,\n 34.24813554589752\n ],\n [\n -106.77337646484375,\n 34.20271636159618\n ],\n [\n -106.61407470703125,\n 34.28218385709024\n ],\n [\n -106.5289306640625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -106.38885498046875,\n 34.73935551813357\n ],\n [\n -106.3861083984375,\n 35.05248370662468\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 35.16258214808429\n ],\n [\n -105.985107421875,\n 35.30840140169162\n ],\n [\n -105.809326171875,\n 35.59031875398378\n ],\n [\n -105.90545654296875,\n 35.737595151747826\n ],\n [\n -105.82855224609375,\n 35.980228800645676\n ],\n [\n -105.699462890625,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -105.6390380859375,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -105.83404541015625,\n 36.217687122250574\n ],\n [\n -106.04827880859375,\n 36.363798554158635\n ],\n [\n -106.2762451171875,\n 36.27527883184338\n ],\n [\n -106.28997802734375,\n 36.17779108329074\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 36.055760619006755\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 35.9357645138553\n ],\n [\n -106.380615234375,\n 35.862343734896484\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 35.74428307651204\n ],\n [\n -106.49322509765624,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -106.66900634765625,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -106.85302734374999,\n 35.572448615622804\n ],\n [\n -107.02056884765625,\n 35.39352808136067\n ],\n [\n -107.09747314453125,\n 35.47185482057798\n ],\n [\n -107.26226806640625,\n 35.40248356426937\n ],\n [\n -107.259521484375,\n 35.270289376094404\n ],\n [\n -107.42706298828125,\n 35.238889532322595\n ],\n [\n -107.50396728515625,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -107.58636474609375,\n 34.94673942495388\n ],\n [\n -107.5506591796875,\n 34.70775131553933\n ],\n [\n -107.54791259765625,\n 34.474863669009004\n ],\n [\n -107.29248046875,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -107.11944580078125,\n 34.36611072883117\n ],\n [\n -106.91070556640625,\n 34.24813554589752\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30fbe4b0c8380cd5db25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023380,"text":"70023380 - 2001 - Major herbicides in ground water: Results from the National Water-Quality Assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T17:19:13.783285","indexId":"70023380","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major herbicides in ground water: Results from the National Water-Quality Assessment","docAbstract":"

To improve understanding of the factors affecting pesticide occurrence in ground water, patterns of detection were examined for selected herbicides, based primarily on results from the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The NAWQA data were derived from 2227 sites (wells and springs) sampled in 20 major hydrologic basins across the USA from 1993 to 1995. Results are presented for six high-use herbicides—atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), cyanazine (2-[4-chloro-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis[ethylamino]-s-triazine), alachlor (2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]-N-[methoxymethyl]acetamide), acetochlor (2-chloro-N-[ethoxymethyl]- N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]acetamide), and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]acetamide)— as well as for prometon (2,4-bis[isopropylamino]-6-methoxy-s-triazine), a nonagricultural herbicide detected frequently during the study. Concentrations were <1 μg L−1 at 98% of the sites with detections, but exceeded drinking-water criteria (for atrazine) at two sites. In urban areas, frequencies of detection (at or above 0.01 μg L−1) of atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor in shallow ground water were positively correlated with their nonagricultural use nationwide (P < 0.05). Among different agricultural areas, frequencies of detection were positively correlated with nearby agricultural use for atrazine, cyanazine, alachlor, and metolachlor, but not simazine. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that for these five herbicides, frequencies of detection beneath agricultural areas were positively correlated with their agricultural use and persistence in aerobic soil. Acetochlor, an agricultural herbicide first registered in 1994 for use in the USA, was detected in shallow ground water by 1995, consistent with previous field-scale studies indicating that some pesticides may be detected in ground water within 1 yr following application. The NAWQA results agreed closely with those from other multistate studies with similar designs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2001.303831x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Barbash, J., Thelin, G., Kolpin, D., and Gilliom, R.J., 2001, Major herbicides in ground water: Results from the National Water-Quality Assessment: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 30, no. 3, p. 831-845, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.303831x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"845","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c17e4b0c8380cd699d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thelin, G.P.","contributorId":84421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023409,"text":"70023409 - 2001 - Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T12:20:40","indexId":"70023409","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines","docAbstract":"

The objectives of this study were to compare approaches for evaluating the combined effects of chemical mixtures on the toxicity in field-collected sediments and to evaluate the ability of consensus-based probable effect concentrations (PECs) to predict toxicity in a freshwater database on both a national and regional geographic basis. A database was developed from 92 published reports, which included a total of 1,657 samples with high-quality matching sediment toxicity and chemistry data from across North America. The database was comprised primarily of 10- to 14-day or 28- to 42-day toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (designated as the HA10 or HA28 tests) and 10- to 14-day toxicity tests with the midges Chironomus tentans or C. riparius (designated as the CS10 test). Mean PEC quotients were calculated to provide an overall measure of chemical contamination and to support an evaluation of the combined effects of multiple contaminants in sediments. There was an overall increase in the incidence of toxicity with an increase in the mean quotients in all three tests. A consistent increase in the toxicity in all three tests occurred at a mean quotient > 0.5, however, the overall incidence of toxicity was greater in the HA28 test compared to the short-term tests. The longer-term tests, in which survival and growth are measured, tend to be more sensitive than the shorter-term tests, with acute to chronic ratios on the order of six indicated for H. azteca. Different patterns were observed among the various procedures used to calculate mean quotients. For example, in the HA28 test, a relatively abrupt increase in toxicity was associated with elevated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alone or with elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) alone, compared to the pattern of a gradual increase in toxicity observed with quotients calculated using a combination of metals, PAHs, and PCBs. These analyses indicate that the different patterns in toxicity may be the result of unique chemical signals associated with individual contaminants in samples. Though mean quotients can be used to classify samples as toxic or nontoxic, individual quotients might be useful in helping identify substances that may be causing or substantially contributing to the observed toxicity. An increase in the incidence of toxicity was observed with increasing mean quotients within most of the regions, basins, and areas in North America for all three toxicity tests. The results of these analyses indicate that the consensus-based PECs can be used to reliably predict toxicity of sediments on both a regional and national basis.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010216","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C., MacDonald, D., Wang, N., Crane, J., Field, L., Haverland, P., Kemble, N., Lindskoog, R., Severn, C., and Smorong, D., 2001, Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 8-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010216.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207426,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010216"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81fbe4b0c8380cd7b833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crane, J.L.","contributorId":47947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, L.J.","contributorId":103836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haverland, P.S.","contributorId":34672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haverland","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lindskoog, R.A.","contributorId":91659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskoog","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Severn, C.","contributorId":33189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smorong, D.E.","contributorId":31155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smorong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70023540,"text":"70023540 - 2001 - Seabed observation & sampling system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:19:25","indexId":"70023540","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabed observation & sampling system","docAbstract":"SEABOSS has proved to be a valuable addition to the USGS data-acquisition and processing field program. It has allowed researchers to collect high-quality images and seabed samples in a timely manner. It is a simple, dependable and trouble-free system with a track record of over 3,000 deployments. When used as part of the USGS seafloor mapping acquisition, processing, and ground-truth program, SEABOSS has been invaluable in providing information quickly and efficiently, with a minimum of downtime. SEABOSS enables scientists to collect high-quality images and samples of the seabed, essential to the study of sedimentary environments and biological habitats and to the interpretation of side-scan sonar and multibeam imagery, the most common tools for mapping the seabed.","language":"English","issn":"00933651","usgsCitation":"Blackwood, D., and Parolski, K., 2001, Seabed observation & sampling system: Sea Technology, v. 42, no. 2, p. 39-43.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8822e4b08c986b3167f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwood, D.","contributorId":39853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parolski, K.","contributorId":13010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parolski","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44907,"text":"wri014045 - 2001 - Analysis of ambient conditions and simulation of hydrodynamics, constituent transport, and water-quality characteristics in Lake Maumelle, Arkansas, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T19:21:49.283202","indexId":"wri014045","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4045","title":"Analysis of ambient conditions and simulation of hydrodynamics, constituent transport, and water-quality characteristics in Lake Maumelle, Arkansas, 1991-92","docAbstract":"

Lake Maumelle is the major drinking-water source for the Little Rock metropolitan area in central Arkansas. Urban and agricultural development has increased in the Lake Maumelle Basin and information is needed related to constituent transport and water quality response to changes in constituent loading or hydrologic regime. This report characterizes ambient conditions in Lake Maumelle and its major tributary, Maumelle River; describes the calibration and verification of a numerical model of hydrodynamics and water quality; and provides several simulations that describe constituent transport and water quality response to changes in constituent loading and hydrologic regime.

Ambient hydrologic and water-quality conditions demonstrate the relatively undisturbed nature of Lake Maumelle and the Maumelle River. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were low, one to two orders of magnitude lower than estimates of national background nutrient concentrations. Phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations in Lake Maumelle demonstrate its oligotrophic/mesotrophic condition. However, concentrations of chlorophyll a appeared to increase since 1990 within the upper and middle reaches of the reservoir.

A two-dimensional, laterally averaged hydrodynamic and water-quality model developed and calibrated for Lake Maumelle simulates water level, currents, heat transport and temperature distribution, conservative material transport, and the transport and transformation of 11 chemical constituents. Simulations included the movement and dispersion of spills or releases in the reservoir during stratified and unstratified conditions, release of the fish nursery pond off the southern shore of Lake Maumelle, and algal responses to changes in external loading.

The model was calibrated using 1991 data and verified using 1992 data. Simulated temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations related well when compared to measured values. Simulated nutrient and algal biomass also related reasonably well when compared to measured values. A simulated spill of conservative material at the upper end of Lake Maumelle during a major storm event took less than 102 hours to disperse the entire length of the reservoir. Simulation of a nursery pond release into a tributary to Lake Maumelle demonstrated how the released water plunges within the receiving embayment and enters the main stem of the reservoir at mid depths. Simulations of algal response to increases of nitrogen and phosphorus loads demonstrate the phosphorus limiting condition in Lake Maumelle.

Results from this study will provide water-resource management with information to better understand how changes in hydrology and water quality in the basin affects water quality in the reservoir. With this information, managers will be able to more effectively manage their drinking-water source supply.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Little Rock Municipal Water Works","usgsCitation":"Green, W.R., 2001, Analysis of ambient conditions and simulation of hydrodynamics, constituent transport, and water-quality characteristics in Lake Maumelle, Arkansas, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4045, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014045.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403213,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400775,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42702.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4045/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Maumelle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.67860412597655,\n 34.83691357851903\n ],\n [\n -92.47604370117186,\n 34.83691357851903\n ],\n [\n -92.47604370117186,\n 34.920282010051096\n ],\n [\n -92.67860412597655,\n 34.920282010051096\n ],\n [\n -92.67860412597655,\n 34.83691357851903\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680a53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023559,"text":"70023559 - 2001 - Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023559","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis","docAbstract":"A mixed population of flood flows was shown to cause quality-of-fit problems if a single-population flood-frequency distribution was used to describe the flood data. The three populations in this mix were \"ordinary,\" tropical cyclone, and ice-jam-release floods. Parametric descriptions of the single and separated flood populations were evaluated using probability-plot correlation-coefficient tests. These tests quantified how well the flood-probability distributions agreed with plotting-position descriptions of the data and quantified the differences due to the mixed-population analysis. High outliers caused the high skewness found in the single- population analyses. The tropical cyclone component was underestimated by single-population analyses at gauging stations in Massachusetts that had little data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Murphy, P., 2001, Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 6, no. 1, p. 62-70, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62).","startPage":"62","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207302,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62)"},{"id":232138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c9be4b0c8380cd52c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, P.J.","contributorId":91903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023408,"text":"70023408 - 2001 - Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:18:54","indexId":"70023408","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae)","docAbstract":"Six subspecies of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) have been denoted based on perceived morphological and/or breeding locality differences among them. Three subspecies are migratory, breeding from the high arctic in North America and Siberia (lesser sandhill, G. c. canadensis), south through central Canada (Canadian sandhill, G. c. rowani) and into the northern United States (greater sandhill, G. c. tabida). A review of sandhill crane taxonomy indicates that the size variation, on the basis of which these subspecies were named, may be clinal and not diagnostic. The other three subspecies, all listed as endangered or threatened, are non-migratory, resident in Florida (G. c. pratensis), Mississippi (G. c. pulla), and Cuba (G. c. nesiotes). We used analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) sequences to determine whether haplotypes representing current subspecies show any genetic cohesion or are more consistent with a pattern of clinal variation in morphology. CR sequences indicate that only two highly divergent (5.3%) lineages of sandhill cranes occur in North America: one lineage composed only of arctic-nesting G. c. canadensis, the other of the remaining North American subspecies (we lack data on the Cuban population). The deep split between lineages is consistent with an estimated isolation of approximately 1.5 Mya (mid-Pleistocene), while the distribution of mutational changes within lineages is consistent with an hypothesis of rapid, post-Pleistocene population expansions. No other phylogeographic structuring is concordant with subspecific boundaries, however, analysis of molecular variance indicates that there is significant population genetic differentiation among all subspecies except G. c. tabida and G. c. rowani, which are indistinguishable. We suggest that recognition of the recently named G. c. rowani be abandoned.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1012203532300","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Rhymer, J., Fain, M., Austin, J.E., Johnson, D.H., and Krajewski, C., 2001, Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae): Conservation Genetics, v. 2, no. 3, p. 203-218, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012203532300.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"218","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012203532300"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b79e4b0c8380cd6f594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhymer, J.M.","contributorId":87092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhymer","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fain, M.G.","contributorId":98671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fain","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krajewski, C.","contributorId":35679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krajewski","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023376,"text":"70023376 - 2001 - A standardized sampling protocol for channel catfish in prairie streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-21T17:07:26","indexId":"70023376","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A standardized sampling protocol for channel catfish in prairie streams","docAbstract":"

Three alternative gears—an AC electrofishing raft, bankpoles, and a 15-hoop-net set—were used in a standardized manner to sample channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in three prairie streams of varying size in three seasons. We compared these gears as to time required per sample, size selectivity, mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) among months, mean CPUE within months, effect of fluctuating stream stage, and sensitivity to population size. According to these comparisons, the 15-hoop-net set used during stable water levels in October had the most desirable characteristics. Using our catch data, we estimated the precision of CPUE and size structure by varying sample sizes for the 15-hoop-net set. We recommend that 11–15 repetitions of the 15-hoop-net set be used for most management activities. This standardized basic unit of effort will increase the precision of estimates and allow better comparisons among samples as well as increased confidence in management decisions.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0188:ASSPFC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Vokoun, J.C., and Rabeni, C.F., 2001, A standardized sampling protocol for channel catfish in prairie streams: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 1, p. 188-197, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0188:ASSPFC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big Creek, Grand River, Yellow Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.2791748046875,\n 39.37677199661635\n ],\n [\n -94.2791748046875,\n 40.250184183819854\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 40.250184183819854\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 39.37677199661635\n ],\n [\n -94.2791748046875,\n 39.37677199661635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5abe4b0c8380cd46ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vokoun, Jason C.","contributorId":173912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vokoun","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023560,"text":"70023560 - 2001 - User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023560","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension","docAbstract":"Numerical simulation for ground-water modeling often involves handling large input and output data sets. A geographic information system (GIS) provides an integrated platform to manage, analyze, and display disparate data and can greatly facilitate modeling efforts in data compilation, model calibration, and display of model parameters and results. Furthermore, GIS can be used to generate information for decision making through spatial overlay and processing of model results. Arc View is the most widely used Windows-based GIS software that provides a robust user-friendly interface to facilitate data handling and display. An extension is an add-on program to Arc View that provides additional specialized functions. An Arc View interface for the ground-water flow and transport models MODFLOW and MT3D was built as an extension for facilitating modeling. The extension includes preprocessing of spatially distributed (point, line, and polygon) data for model input and postprocessing of model output. An object database is used for linking user dialogs and model input files. The Arc View interface utilizes the capabilities of the 3D Analyst extension. Models can be automatically calibrated through the Arc View interface by external linking to such programs as PEST. The efficient pre- and postprocessing capabilities and calibration link were demonstrated for ground-water modeling in southwest Kansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Tsou, M., and Whittemore, D.O., 2001, User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 6, no. 3, p. 251-257, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251).","startPage":"251","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251)"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfc5e4b08c986b329d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsou, Ming-shu","contributorId":20507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsou","given":"Ming-shu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023962,"text":"70023962 - 2001 - Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023962","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays","docAbstract":"Compositional layering of the midmantle has been proposed to account for seismic and geochemical patterns [van der Hilst and Karason, 1999], and inferred radiogenic heat source concentrations [Kellogg et al., 1999]. Compositional layering would require thermal boundary layers both above and below an interface. We construct a minimal 1-D model of a mid-mantle boundary consistent with the observed nearly adiabatic compressional velocity structure [Dziewonksi and Anderson, 1981] and the proposed high heat flow from the lower mantle [Albarede and van der Hilst, 1999; Kellogg et al., 1999]. Ray tracing and reflectivity synthetic seismograms show that a distinct triplication is predicted for short-period P waves. Although topography on a boundary would cause uncertainty in the strength and the range of the triplication, many clear observations would be expected. We examine data from the US West Coast regional networks in the most likely distance range of 60?? to 70?? for a 1770-km-depth boundary, and find no evidence for P wave triplications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012428","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Vidale, J., Schubert, G., and Earle, P., 2001, Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 5, p. 859-862, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012428.","startPage":"859","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487336,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012428","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012428"},{"id":231595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf4e4b08c986b328e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schubert, G.","contributorId":51679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earle, P.S.","contributorId":17011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023375,"text":"70023375 - 2001 - Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023375","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars","docAbstract":"Based on topographic, morphologic, and stratigraphic evidence, we propose that ancient water-laid sediment is the dominant component of deposits within Hellas Planitia, Mars. Multiple-layered sediment is manifested by alternating benches and scarps visible in Mars orbiting camera narrow-angle (MOC NA) images. Viking Orbiter camera and MOC NA images were used to map contacts and stratigraphically order the different materials units within Hellas. Mars orbiting laser altimeter (MOLA) data reveal that the contacts of these sedimentary units, as well as a number of scarps or other abrupt changes in landscape texture, trace contours of constant elevation for thousands of km, and in one case all around the basin. Channels, consensually interpreted to be cut by water, lead into the basin. MOLA results indicate that the area encompassed by greater Hellas' highest closed contour is nearly one-fifth that of the entire northern plains, making the Hellas \"drainage\" area much larger than previously reported. If lakes formed under climatic conditions similar to the modern Martian climate, they would develop thick ice carapaces, then the lakes would eventually sublimate away. Two units within Hellas exhibit a reticulate or honeycomb pattern, which we speculate are impressions made by lake-lowered ice blocks grounding into initially soft mud.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.2001.6736","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.N., and Wilhelms, D., 2001, Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars: Icarus, v. 154, no. 2, p. 258-276, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6736.","startPage":"258","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478918,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6736","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6736"},{"id":232442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3046e4b0c8380cd5d4d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022711,"text":"70022711 - 2001 - Combined use of remote sensing and continuous monitoring to analyse the variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:35:17","indexId":"70022711","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined use of remote sensing and continuous monitoring to analyse the variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

Analysis of suspended-sediment concentration data in San Francisco Bay is complicated by spatial and temporal variability. In situ optical backscatterance sensors provide continuous suspended-sediment concentration data, but inaccessibility, vandalism, and cost limit the number of potential monitoring stations. Satellite imagery reveals the spatial distribution of surficial-suspended sediment concentrations in the Bay; however, temporal resolution is poor. Analysis of the in situ sensor data in conjunction with the satellite reflectance data shows the effects of physical processes on both the spatial and temporal distribution of suspended sediment in San Francisco Bay. Plumes can be created by large freshwater flows. Zones of high suspended-sediment concentrations in shallow subembayments are associated with wind-wave resuspension and the spring-neap cycle. Filaments of clear and turbid water are caused by different transport processes in deep channels, as opposed to adjacent shallow water.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.2000.0730","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, C., Schoellhamer, D., Stumpf, R.P., and Lindsay, C., 2001, Combined use of remote sensing and continuous monitoring to analyse the variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in San Francisco Bay, California: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 53, no. 6, p. 801-812, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0730.","startPage":"801","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0730"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7dce4b0c8380cd4cd35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, C.A.","contributorId":61208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumpf, R. P.","contributorId":30649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsay, C.L.","contributorId":76518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023586,"text":"70023586 - 2001 - Trends in evaporation and surface cooling in the Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023586","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in evaporation and surface cooling in the Mississippi River basin","docAbstract":"A synthesis of available data for the Mississippi River basin (area 3 ?? 106 km2) reveals an upward trend in evaporation during recent decades, driven primarily by increases in precipitation and secondarily by human water use. A cloud-related decrease in surface net radiation appears to have accompanied the precipitation trend. Resultant evaporative and radiative cooling of the land and lower atmosphere quantitatively explains downward trends in observed pan evaporation. These cooling tendencies also reconcile the observed regional atmospheric cooling with the anticipated regional \"greenhouse warming.\" If recent high levels of precipitation (which correlate with the North Atlantic Oscillation) are mainly caused by an internal climatic fluctuation, an eventual return to normal precipitation could reveal heretofore-unrealized warming in the basin. If, instead, they are caused by some unidentified forcing that will continue to grow in the future, then continued intensification of water cycling and suppression of warming in the basin could result.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012321","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., and Dunne, K., 2001, Trends in evaporation and surface cooling in the Mississippi River basin: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 7, p. 1219-1222, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012321.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1222","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487457,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012321","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207560,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012321"},{"id":232613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7e8e4b08c986b327568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023368,"text":"70023368 - 2001 - Seasonal subsidence and rebound in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, observed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T11:25:24","indexId":"70023368","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal subsidence and rebound in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, observed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry","docAbstract":"

Analyses of areal variations in the subsidence and rebound occurring over stressed aquifer systems, in conjunction with measurements of the hydraulic head fluctuations causing these displacements, can yield valuable information about the compressibility and storage properties of the aquifer system. Historically, stress‐strain relationships have been derived from paired extensometer/piezometer installations, which provide only point source data. Because of the general unavailability of spatially detailed deformation data, areal stress‐strain relations and their variability are not commonly considered in constraining conceptual and numerical models of aquifer systems. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques can map ground displacements at a spatial scale of tens of meters over 100 km wide swaths. InSAR has been used previously to characterize larger magnitude, generally permanent aquifer system compaction and land subsidence at yearly and longer timescales, caused by sustained drawdown of groundwater levels that produces intergranular stresses consistently greater than the maximum historical stress. We present InSAR measurements of the typically small‐magnitude, generally recoverable deformations of the Las Vegas Valley aquifer system occurring at seasonal timescales. From these we derive estimates of the elastic storage coefficient for the aquifer system at several locations in Las Vegas Valley. These high‐resolution measurements offer great potential for future investigations into the mechanics of aquifer systems and the spatial heterogeneity of aquifer system structure and material properties as well as for monitoring ongoing aquifer system compaction and land subsidence.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900404","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J., Zebker, H.A., Galloway, D.L., and Amelung, F., 2001, Seasonal subsidence and rebound in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, observed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1551-1566, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900404.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1566","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900404","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Las Vegas Valley","volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88dae4b08c986b316bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, Jorn","contributorId":15693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zebker, Howard A.","contributorId":80401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":124563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024035,"text":"70024035 - 2001 - Experimental observations of pressure oscillations and flow regimes in an analogue volcanic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T18:23:02.915833","indexId":"70024035","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental observations of pressure oscillations and flow regimes in an analogue volcanic system","docAbstract":"

Gas-liquid flows, designed to be analogous to those in volcanic conduits, are generated in the laboratory using organic gas-gum rosin mixtures expanding in a vertically mounted tube. The expanding fluid shows a range of both flow and pressure oscillation behaviors. Weakly supersaturated source liquids produce a low Reynolds number flow with foam expanding from the top surface of a liquid that exhibits zero fluid velocity at the tube wall; i.e., the conventional \"no-slip\" boundary condition. Pressure oscillations, often with strong long-period characteristics and consistent with longitudinal and radial resonant oscillation modes, are detected in these fluids. Strongly supersaturated source liquids generate more energetic flows that display a number of flow regimes. These regimes include a static liquid source, viscous flow, detached flow (comprising gas-pockets-at-wall and foam-in-gas annular flow, therefore demonstrating strong radial heterogeneity), and a fully turbulent transonic fragmented or mist flow. Each of these flow regimes displays characteristic pressure oscillations that can be related to resonance of flow features or wall impact phenomena. The pressure oscillations are produced by the degassing processes without the need of elastic coupling to the confining medium or flow restrictors and valvelike features. The oscillatory behavior of the experimental flows is compared to seismoacoustic data from a range of volcanoes where resonant oscillation of the fluid within the conduit is also often invoked as controlling the observed oscillation frequencies. On the basis of the experimental data we postulate on the nature of seismic signals that may be measured during large-scale explosive activity.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900376","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lane, S., Chouet, B., Phillips, J., Dawson, P., Ryan, G., and Hurst, E., 2001, Experimental observations of pressure oscillations and flow regimes in an analogue volcanic system: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B4, p. 6461-6476, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900376.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6461","endPage":"6476","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478866,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900376","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dd9e4b0c8380cd53212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, S.J.","contributorId":28771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, J.C.","contributorId":69329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, G.A.","contributorId":82089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurst, E.","contributorId":36711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurst","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}