The software program, QRev computes the discharge from moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements using data collected with any of the Teledyne RD Instrument or SonTek bottom tracking acoustic Doppler current profilers. The computation of discharge is independent of the manufacturer of the acoustic Doppler current profiler because QRev applies consistent algorithms independent of the data source. In addition, QRev automates filtering and quality checking of the collected data and provides feedback to the user of potential quality issues with the measurement. Various statistics and characteristics of the measurement, in addition to a simple uncertainty assessment are provided to the user to assist them in properly rating the measurement. QRev saves an extensible markup language file that can be imported into databases or electronic field notes software. The user interacts with QRev through a tablet-friendly graphical user interface. This report is the manual for version 2.8 of QRev.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161052","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., 2016, QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic Doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—User’s manual for version 2.8: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1052, 50 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161052. ","productDescription":"vii, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073112","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321055,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1052/ofr20161052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1052"},{"id":321054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1052/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324156,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161068","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1068 - ","description":"OFR 2016-1052","linkHelpText":"QRev—Software for Computation and Quality Assurance of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Moving-Boat Streamflow Measurements—Technical Manual for Version 2.8 "}],"contact":"Chief, USGS Office of Surface Water
415 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
(703) 648-5301
Or visit the Office of Surface Water Web site at: http://water.usgs.gov/osw/
","tableOfContents":"Tidal saline wetlands in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) are dynamic and frequently disturbed systems that provide myriad ecosystem services. For these services to be sustained, dominant macrophytes must continuously recolonize and establish after disturbance. Macrophytes accomplish this regeneration through combinations of vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction, the relative importance of which varies by species. Concurrently, tidal saline wetland systems experience both anthropogenic and natural hydrologic alterations, such as levee construction, sea-level rise, storm impacts, and restoration activities. These hydrologic alterations can affect the success of plant regeneration, leading to large-scale, variable changes in ecosystem structure and function. This review describes the specific regeneration requirements of four dominant coastal wetland macrophytes along the NGoM (Spartina alterniflora, Avicennia germinans, Juncus roemerianus, and Batis maritima) and compares them with current hydrologic alterations to provide insights into potential future changes in dominant ecosystem structure and function and to highlight knowledge gaps in the current literature that need to be addressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2016.02.010","usgsCitation":"Jones, S.F., Stagg, C.L., Krauss, K.W., and Hester, M.W., 2016, Tidal saline wetland regeneration of sentinel vegetation types in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: An overview: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 174, p. A1-A10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.02.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"A1","endPage":"A10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070031","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.68115234375,\n 27.644606381943326\n ],\n [\n -90.68115234375,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n -84.6826171875,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n -84.6826171875,\n 27.644606381943326\n ],\n [\n -90.68115234375,\n 27.644606381943326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"174","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57359b1ce4b0dae0d5dee786","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Scott F. 0000-0002-1056-3785","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-3785","contributorId":152041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":18863,"text":"University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":587627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hester, Mark W.","contributorId":9566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170840,"text":"fs20163028 - 2016 - Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Cooper and Eromanga Basins, Australia, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-23T09:35:46","indexId":"fs20163028","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-12T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3028","title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Cooper and Eromanga Basins, Australia, 2016","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean conventional resources of 68 million barrels of oil and 964 billion cubic feet of gas in the Cooper and Eromanga Basins of Australia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163028","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Tennyson, M.E., Mercier, T.J., Klett, T.R., Finn, T.M., Le, P.A., Brownfield, M.E., Gaswirth, S.B., Marra, K.R., Hawkins, S.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Pitman, J.K., 2016, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Cooper and Eromanga Basins, Australia, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3028, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163028.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073407","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321121,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3028/fs20163028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"692 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3028"},{"id":321120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3028/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Cooper Basin, Eromanga Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 137.63671875,\n -29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n 147.0849609375,\n -29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n 147.0849609375,\n -21.248422235627014\n ],\n [\n 137.63671875,\n -21.248422235627014\n ],\n [\n 137.63671875,\n -29.80251790576445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://energy.usgs.gov
Tracking the level of the lava lake in Halema‘uma‘u Crater, at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i, is an essential part of monitoring the ongoing eruption and forecasting potentially hazardous changes in activity. We describe a simple automated image processing routine that analyzes continuously-acquired thermal images of the lava lake and measures lava level. The method uses three image segmentation approaches, based on edge detection, short-term change analysis, and composite temperature thresholding, to identify and track the lake margin in the images. These relative measurements from the images are periodically calibrated with laser rangefinder measurements to produce real-time estimates of lake elevation. Continuous, automated tracking of the lava level has been an important tool used by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory since 2012 in real-time operational monitoring of the volcano and its hazard potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13617-016-0047-0","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Swanson, D., and Orr, T.R., 2016, Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i: Journal of Applied Volcanology, v. 5, no. 6, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-016-0047-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050599","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-016-0047-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.392448679313798\n ],\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.43842814442463\n ],\n [\n -155.2371597290039,\n 19.43842814442463\n ],\n [\n -155.2371597290039,\n 19.392448679313798\n ],\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.392448679313798\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57359b1be4b0dae0d5dee770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70238510,"text":"70238510 - 2016 - Survival of translocated sharp-tailed grouse: Temporal threshold and age effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T14:13:14.953943","indexId":"70238510","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-12T08:08:42","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of translocated sharp-tailed grouse: Temporal threshold and age effects","docAbstract":"Context: The Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) is a subspecies of conservation concern in the western United States, currently occupying ≤10% of its historic range. Land and management agencies are employing translocation techniques to restore Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (CSTG) populations. However, establishing self-sustaining populations by translocating grouse often is unsuccessful, owing, in part, to low survivorship of translocated grouse following release.
Aims: We measured and modelled patterns of CSTG mortality for 150 days following translocation into historic range, to better understand patterns and causes of success or failure in conservation efforts to re-establish grouse populations.
Methods: We conducted two independent multi-year translocations and evaluated individual and temporal factors associated with CSTG survival up to 150 days following their release. Both translocations were reintroduction attempts in Nevada, USA, to establish viable populations of CSTG into their historic range.
Key results: We observed a clear temporal threshold in survival probability, with CSTG mortality substantially higher during the first 50 days following release than during the subsequent 100 days. Additionally, translocated yearling grouse exhibited higher overall survival (0.669 ± 0.062) than did adults (0.420 ± 0.052) across the 150-day period and higher survival than adults both before and after the 50-day temporal threshold.
Conclusions: Translocated CSTG are especially vulnerable to mortality for 50 days following release, whereas translocated yearling grouse are more resistant to mortality than are adult grouse. On the basis of the likelihood of survival, yearling CSTG are better candidates for population restoration through translocation than are adult grouse.
Implications: Management actions that ameliorate mortality factors for 50 days following translocation and translocations that employ yearling grouse will increase the likelihood of population establishment.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WR15158","usgsCitation":"Mathews, S.R., Coates, P.S., and Delehanty, D.J., 2016, Survival of translocated sharp-tailed grouse: Temporal threshold and age effects: Wildlife Research, v. 76, p. 220-227, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR15158.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"227","ipdsId":"IP-123166","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wr15158","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Bull Run release site, Snake Mountains release site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.67565479843591,\n 42.00580017615141\n ],\n [\n -112.67565479843591,\n 42.488307313013934\n ],\n [\n -113.4597271559782,\n 42.488307313013934\n ],\n [\n -113.4597271559782,\n 42.00580017615141\n ],\n [\n -112.67565479843591,\n 42.00580017615141\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.62435655087742,\n 41.93556552613373\n ],\n [\n -116.62435655087742,\n 41.015476877982934\n ],\n [\n -114.27213947825084,\n 41.015476877982934\n ],\n [\n -114.27213947825084,\n 41.93556552613373\n ],\n [\n -116.62435655087742,\n 41.93556552613373\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathews, Steven R. 0000-0002-3165-9460 smathews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3165-9460","contributorId":176922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathews","given":"Steven","email":"smathews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":195584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174265,"text":"70174265 - 2016 - Latest Miocene-earliest Pliocene evolution of the ancestral Rio Grande at the Española-San Luis Basin boundary, northern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-06T17:31:05","indexId":"70174265","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-12T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2860,"text":"New Mexico Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latest Miocene-earliest Pliocene evolution of the ancestral Rio Grande at the Española-San Luis Basin boundary, northern New Mexico","docAbstract":"In order to provide surface geodetic measurements with “landslide-wide” spatial coverage, we develop and validate a method for the characterization of 3-D surface deformation using the unique capabilities of the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) airborne repeat-pass radar interferometry system. We apply our method at the well-studied Slumgullion Landslide, which is 3.9 km long and moves persistently at rates up to ∼2 cm/day. A comparison with concurrent GPS measurements validates this method and shows that it provides reliable and accurate 3-D surface deformation measurements. The UAVSAR-derived vector velocity field measurements accurately capture the sharp boundaries defining previously identified kinematic units and geomorphic domains within the landslide. We acquired data across the landslide during spring and summer and identify that the landslide moves more slowly during summer except at its head, presumably in response to spatiotemporal variations in snowmelt infiltration. In order to constrain the mechanics controlling landslide motion from surface velocity measurements, we present an inversion framework for the extraction of slide thickness and basal geometry from dense 3-D surface velocity fields. We find that the average depth of the Slumgullion Landslide is 7.5 m, several meters less than previous depth estimates. We show that by considering a viscoplastic rheology, we can derive tighter theoretical bounds on the rheological parameter relating mean horizontal flow rate to surface velocity. Using inclinometer data for slow-moving, clay-rich landslides across the globe, we find a consistent value for the rheological parameter of 0.85 ± 0.08.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012559","usgsCitation":"Delbridge, B.G., Burgmann, R., Fielding, E., Hensley, S., and Schulz, W.H., 2016, Three-dimensional surface deformation derived from airborne interferometric UAVSAR: Application to the Slumgullion Landslide: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 5, p. 3951-3977, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012559.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"3951","endPage":"3977","ipdsId":"IP-073439","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012559","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Slumgullion landslide","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.24355697631836,\n 38.0025881074694\n ],\n [\n -107.24390029907227,\n 38.001911773165546\n ],\n [\n -107.24570274353027,\n 38.000897260013566\n ],\n [\n -107.24990844726561,\n 37.99947691802148\n ],\n [\n -107.25171089172363,\n 37.99792127379998\n ],\n [\n -107.25445747375488,\n 37.99663615151092\n ],\n [\n -107.25643157958984,\n 37.99426876203244\n ],\n [\n -107.25926399230957,\n 37.99311885957278\n ],\n [\n -107.2638988494873,\n 37.99264536508517\n ],\n [\n -107.26776123046875,\n 37.99271300734193\n ],\n [\n -107.27128028869627,\n 37.9919012961438\n ],\n [\n -107.27368354797363,\n 37.990210202299636\n ],\n [\n -107.27428436279297,\n 37.988924944905925\n ],\n [\n -107.27368354797363,\n 37.98703084033719\n ],\n [\n -107.27145195007324,\n 37.9857455272451\n ],\n [\n -107.26638793945312,\n 37.98594847291445\n ],\n [\n -107.26201057434082,\n 37.98689554528256\n ],\n [\n -107.25831985473633,\n 37.988451423348124\n ],\n [\n -107.2540283203125,\n 37.99048077993439\n ],\n [\n -107.25136756896973,\n 37.992510080384456\n ],\n [\n -107.2496509552002,\n 37.994065839378855\n ],\n [\n -107.24733352661133,\n 37.995553925801964\n ],\n [\n -107.24398612976073,\n 37.996365596580716\n ],\n [\n -107.23978042602539,\n 37.996906705443095\n ],\n [\n -107.23703384399414,\n 37.99738017242288\n ],\n [\n -107.23257064819336,\n 37.99778599882999\n ],\n [\n -107.23111152648926,\n 37.998732918380334\n ],\n [\n -107.23008155822754,\n 38.001303066958606\n ],\n [\n -107.22905158996582,\n 38.004211284347456\n ],\n [\n -107.2294807434082,\n 38.00549627389332\n ],\n [\n -107.23145484924316,\n 38.005969685417696\n ],\n [\n -107.23420143127441,\n 38.006713611637316\n ],\n [\n -107.23626136779785,\n 38.00691649929627\n ],\n [\n -107.2390079498291,\n 38.007592787437936\n ],\n [\n -107.24218368530273,\n 38.00752515890449\n ],\n [\n -107.24295616149902,\n 38.005902055387054\n ],\n [\n -107.24355697631836,\n 38.004752335322074\n ],\n [\n -107.24355697631836,\n 38.0025881074694\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59439c94e4b062508e31a9bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delbridge, Brent G. 0000-0003-2808-8772","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-8772","contributorId":192986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delbridge","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland","contributorId":192700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fielding, Eric","contributorId":50434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hensley, Scott","contributorId":85313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schulz, William H. 0000-0001-9980-3580 wschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-3580","contributorId":942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"wschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170887,"text":"70170887 - 2016 - The importance of base flow in sustaining surface water flow in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T11:29:05","indexId":"70170887","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of base flow in sustaining surface water flow in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"The Colorado River has been identified as the most overallocated river in the world. Considering predicted future imbalances between water supply and demand and the growing recognition that base flow (a proxy for groundwater discharge to streams) is critical for sustaining flow in streams and rivers, there is a need to develop methods to better quantify present-day base flow across large regions. We adapted and applied the spatially referenced regression on watershed attributes (SPARROW) water quality model to assess the spatial distribution of base flow, the fraction of streamflow supported by base flow, and estimates of and potential processes contributing to the amount of base flow that is lost during in-stream transport in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). On average, 56% of the streamflow in the UCRB originated as base flow, and precipitation was identified as the dominant driver of spatial variability in base flow at the scale of the UCRB, with the majority of base flow discharge to streams occurring in upper elevation watersheds. The model estimates an average of 1.8 × 1010 m3/yr of base flow in the UCRB; greater than 80% of which is lost during in-stream transport to the Lower Colorado River Basin via processes including evapotranspiration and water diversion for irrigation. Our results indicate that surface waters in the Colorado River Basin are dependent on base flow, and that management approaches that consider groundwater and surface water as a joint resource will be needed to effectively manage current and future water resources in the Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017963","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Buto, S.G., Susong, D.D., and Rumsey, C., 2016, The importance of base flow in sustaining surface water flow in the Upper Colorado River Basin: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 5, p. 3547-3562, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017963.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3547","endPage":"3562","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068216","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017963","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 35.88905007936091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499ee4b0dae0d5dd6915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rumsey, Christine 0000-0001-7536-750X crumsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-750X","contributorId":146240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"Christine","email":"crumsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170886,"text":"70170886 - 2016 - Climate regulates alpine lake ice cover phenology and aquatic ecosystem structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T11:29:43","indexId":"70170886","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate regulates alpine lake ice cover phenology and aquatic ecosystem structure","docAbstract":"High-elevation aquatic ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change, yet relatively few records are available to characterize shifts in ecosystem structure or their underlying mechanisms. Using a long-term dataset on seven alpine lakes (3126 to 3620 m) in Colorado, USA, we show that ice-off dates have shifted seven days earlier over the past 33 years and that spring weather conditions – especially snowfall – drive yearly variation in ice-off timing. In the most well-studied lake, earlier ice-off associated with increases in water residence times, thermal stratification, ion concentrations, dissolved nitrogen, pH, and chlorophyll-a. Mechanistically, low spring snowfall and warm temperatures reduce summer stream flow (increasing lake residence times) but enhance melting of glacial and permafrost ice (increasing lake solute inputs). The observed links among hydrological, chemical, and biological responses to climate factors highlight the potential for major shifts in the functioning of alpine lakes due to forecasted climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL069036","usgsCitation":"Preston, D.L., Caine, N., McKnight, D.M., Williams, M.W., Hell, K., Miller, M.P., Hart, S.J., and Johnson, P.T., 2016, Climate regulates alpine lake ice cover phenology and aquatic ecosystem structure: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 10, p. 5353-5360, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069036.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5353","endPage":"5360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065721","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/74a41412b86246d8b0d27b74c0bce459","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"43","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499be4b0dae0d5dd68f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, Daniel L.","contributorId":58581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caine, Nel","contributorId":169277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caine","given":"Nel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Mark W.","contributorId":43046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hell, Katherina","contributorId":169278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hell","given":"Katherina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hart, Sarah J.","contributorId":169279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Pieter T.J.","contributorId":28508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Pieter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70170931,"text":"70170931 - 2016 - The effects of large beach debris on nesting sea turtles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:03:58","indexId":"70170931","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of large beach debris on nesting sea turtles","docAbstract":"A field experiment was conducted to understand the effects of large beach debris on sea turtle nesting behavior as well as the effectiveness of large debris removal for habitat restoration. Large natural and anthropogenic debris were removed from one of three sections of a sea turtle nesting beach and distributions of nests and false crawls (non-nesting crawls) in pre- (2011–2012) and post- (2013–2014) removal years in the three sections were compared. The number of nests increased 200% and the number of false crawls increased 55% in the experimental section, whereas a corresponding increase in number of nests and false crawls was not observed in the other two sections where debris removal was not conducted. The proportion of nest and false crawl abundance in all three beach sections was significantly different between pre- and post-removal years. The nesting success, the percent of successful nests in total nesting attempts (number of nests + false crawls), also increased from 24% to 38%; however the magnitude of the increase was comparably small because both the number of nests and false crawls increased, and thus the proportion of the nesting success in the experimental beach in pre- and post-removal years was not significantly different. The substantial increase in sea turtle nesting activities after the removal of large debris indicates that large debris may have an adverse impact on sea turtle nesting behavior. Removal of large debris could be an effective restoration strategy to improve sea turtle nesting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2016.04.005","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., and Lamont, M.M., 2016, The effects of large beach debris on nesting sea turtles: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 482, p. 33-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.04.005.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070631","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.04.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"482","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499de4b0dae0d5dd6911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":38359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170896,"text":"70170896 - 2016 - Ephemerality of discrete methane vents in lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T11:16:13","indexId":"70170896","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ephemerality of discrete methane vents in lake sediments","docAbstract":"Methane is a potent greenhouse gas whose emission from sediments in inland waters and shallow oceans may both contribute to global warming and be exacerbated by it. The fraction of methane emitted by sediments that bypasses dissolution in the water column and reaches the atmosphere as bubbles depends on the mode and spatiotemporal characteristics of venting from the sediments. Earlier studies have concluded that hot spots—persistent, high-flux vents—dominate the regional ebullitive flux from submerged sediments. Here the spatial structure, persistence, and variability in the intensity of methane venting are analyzed using a high-resolution multibeam sonar record acquired at the bottom of a lake during multiple deployments over a 9 month period. We confirm that ebullition is strongly episodic, with distinct regimes of high flux and low flux largely controlled by changes in hydrostatic pressure. Our analysis shows that the spatial pattern of ebullition becomes homogeneous at the sonar's resolution over time scales of hours (for high-flux periods) or days (for low-flux periods), demonstrating that vents are ephemeral rather than persistent, and suggesting that long-term, lake-wide ebullition dynamics may be modeled without resolving the fine-scale spatial structure of venting.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068668","usgsCitation":"Scandella, B.P., Pillsbury, L., Weber, T., Ruppel, C., Hemond, H.F., and Juanes, R., 2016, Ephemerality of discrete methane vents in lake sediments: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 9, p. 4374-4381, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068668.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4374","endPage":"4381","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073937","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068668","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499ce4b0dae0d5dd68f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scandella, Benjamin P.","contributorId":169274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scandella","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pillsbury, Liam","contributorId":169275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pillsbury","given":"Liam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Thomas","contributorId":50095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":145770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn D.","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hemond, Harold F.","contributorId":34673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Juanes, Ruben","contributorId":169276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juanes","given":"Ruben","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170897,"text":"70170897 - 2016 - Particle size distribution of main-channel-bed sediments along the upper Mississippi River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-11T10:46:50","indexId":"70170897","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Particle size distribution of main-channel-bed sediments along the upper Mississippi River, USA","docAbstract":"In this study, we compared pre-lock-and-dam (ca. 1925) with a modern longitudinal survey of main-channel-bed sediments along a 740-km segment of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) between Davenport, IA, and Cairo, IL. This comparison was undertaken to gain a better understanding of how bed sediments are distributed longitudinally and to assess change since the completion of the UMR lock and dam navigation system and Missouri River dams (i.e., mid-twentieth century). The comparison of the historic and modern longitudinal bed sediment surveys showed similar bed sediment sizes and distributions along the study segment with the majority (> 90%) of bed sediment samples having a median diameter (D50) of fine to coarse sand. The fine tail (≤ D10) of the sediment size distributions was very fine to medium sand, and the coarse tail (≥ D90) of sediment-size distribution was coarse sand to gravel. Coarsest sediments in both surveys were found within or immediately downstream of bedrock-floored reaches. Statistical analysis revealed that the particle-size distributions between the survey samples were statistically identical, suggesting no overall difference in main-channel-bed sediment-size distribution between 1925 and present. This was a surprising result given the magnitude of river engineering undertaken along the study segment over the past ~ 90 years. The absence of substantial differences in main-channel-bed-sediment size suggests that flow competencies within the highly engineered navigation channel today are similar to conditions within the less-engineered historic channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.012","usgsCitation":"Remo, J., Heine, R.A., and Ickes, B., 2016, Particle size distribution of main-channel-bed sediments along the upper Mississippi River, USA: Geomorphology, v. 264, p. 118-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070811","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","volume":"264","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499ce4b0dae0d5dd68fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remo, Jonathan","contributorId":169212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Remo","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":25439,"text":"Southern Illinois University, Carbondale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heine, Ruben A.","contributorId":169213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heine","given":"Ruben","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25440,"text":"Augustana College, Rock Island, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ickes, Brian 0000-0001-5622-3842 bickes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-3842","contributorId":2925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ickes","given":"Brian","email":"bickes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169226,"text":"ofr20161051 - 2016 - Streamflow, water quality and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-11T10:59:07","indexId":"ofr20161051","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1051","title":"Streamflow, water quality and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2014","docAbstract":"Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2014 (October 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014) for tributaries to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island. Streamflow and water-quality data used in the study were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Providence Water Supply Board in the cooperative study. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these streamgages are equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring water level, specific conductance, and water temperature. Water-quality samples were collected at 37 sampling stations by the Providence Water Supply Board and at 14 continuous-record streamgages by the U.S. Geological Survey during WY 2014 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations are in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by the Providence Water Supply Board are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2014.
The largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey) contributed a mean streamflow of 23 cubic feet per second to the reservoir during WY 2014. For the same time period, annual mean streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.35 to about 14 cubic feet per second. Together, tributaries (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,200,000 kilograms of sodium and 2,100,000 kilograms of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2014; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 7,700 to 45,000 kilograms per year per square mile and from 12,000 to 75,000 kilograms per year per square mile, respectively.
At the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the Providence Water Supply Board, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 24 milligrams per liter, median nitrite concentration was 0.002 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (N), median nitrate concentration was 0.01 milligrams per liter as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.07 milligrams per liter as phosphate, and median concentrations of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli were 320 and 20 colony forming units per 100 milliliters, respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria were 62 kilograms per day (42 kilograms per day per square mile), 19 grams per day (6.1 grams per day per square mile), 79 grams per day (36 grams per day per square mile), 380 grams per day (150 grams per day per square mile), 13,000 million colony forming units per day (8,300 million colony forming units per day per square mile), and 1,000 million colony forming units per day (470 million colony forming units per day per square mile), respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2016, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1051, 31 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161051.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; Appendix 1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069938","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320747,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1051/ofr20161051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.1 (MB)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2016-1051"},{"id":320748,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1051/ofr20161051_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Appendix 1. Water-quality data collected by the Providence Water Supply Board at 37 monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2014. Excel (30 KB)"},{"id":320746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1051/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 41.738784653087464\n ],\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 41.90304362629451\n ],\n [\n -71.55567169189453,\n 41.90304362629451\n ],\n [\n -71.55567169189453,\n 41.738784653087464\n ],\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 41.738784653087464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
Compound meander bends with multiple lobes of maximum curvature are common in actively evolving lowland rivers. Interaction among spatial patterns of mean flow, turbulence, bed morphology, bank failures and channel migration in compound bends is poorly understood. In this paper, acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements of the three-dimensional (3D) flow velocities in a compound bend are examined to evaluate the influence of channel curvature and hydrologic variability on the structure of flow within the bend. Flow structure at various flow stages is related to changes in bed morphology over the study timeframe. Increases in local curvature within the upstream lobe of the bend reduce outer bank velocities at morphologically significant flows, creating a region that protects the bank from high momentum flow and high bed shear stresses. The dimensionless radius of curvature in the upstream lobe is one-third less than that of the downstream lobe, with average bank erosion rates less than half of the erosion rates for the downstream lobe. Higher bank erosion rates within the downstream lobe correspond to the shift in a core of high velocity and bed shear stresses toward the outer bank as flow moves through the two lobes. These erosion patterns provide a mechanism for continued migration of the downstream lobe in the near future. Bed material size distributions within the bend correspond to spatial patterns of bed shear stress magnitudes, indicating that bed material sorting within the bend is governed by bed shear stress. Results suggest that patterns of flow, sediment entrainment, and planform evolution in compound meander bends are more complex than in simple meander bends. Moreover, interactions among local influences on the flow, such as woody debris, local topographic steering, and locally high curvature, tend to cause compound bends to evolve toward increasing planform complexity over time rather than stable configurations.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/esp.3895","usgsCitation":"Engel, F.L., and Rhoads, B.L., 2016, Three-dimensional flow structure and patterns of bed shear stress in an evolving compound meander bend: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 41, no. 9, p. 1211-1226, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3895.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1226","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059802","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499ee4b0dae0d5dd691b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engel, Frank L. 0000-0002-4253-2625 fengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4253-2625","contributorId":5463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Frank","email":"fengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhoads, Bruce L.","contributorId":20248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhoads","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170902,"text":"70170902 - 2016 - The ecology of methane in streams and rivers: Patterns, controls, and global significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-11T10:34:05","indexId":"70170902","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ecology of methane in streams and rivers: Patterns, controls, and global significance","docAbstract":"Streams and rivers can substantially modify organic carbon (OC) inputs from terrestrial landscapes, and much of this processing is the result of microbial respiration. While carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major end-product of ecosystem respiration, methane (CH4) is also present in many fluvial environments even though methanogenesis typically requires anoxic conditions that may be scarce in these systems. Given recent recognition of the pervasiveness of this greenhouse gas in streams and rivers, we synthesized existing research and data to identify patterns and drivers of CH4, knowledge gaps, and research opportunities. This included examining the history of lotic CH4 research, creating a database of concentrations and fluxes (MethDB) to generate a global-scale estimate of fluvial CH4 efflux, and developing a conceptual framework and using this framework to consider how human activities may modify fluvial CH4 dynamics. Current understanding of CH4 in streams and rivers has been strongly influenced by goals of understanding OC processing and quantifying the contribution of CH4 to ecosystem C fluxes. Less effort has been directed towards investigating processes that dictate in situ CH4 production and loss. CH4 makes a meager contribution to watershed or landscape C budgets, but streams and rivers are often significant CH4 sources to the atmosphere across these same spatial extents. Most fluvial systems are supersaturated with CH4 and we estimate an annual global emission of 26.8 Tg CH4, equivalent to ~15-40% of wetland and lake effluxes, respectively. Less clear is the role of CH4 oxidation, methanogenesis, and total anaerobic respiration to whole ecosystem production and respiration. Controls on CH4 generation and persistence can be viewed in terms of proximate controls that influence methanogenesis (organic matter, temperature, alternative electron acceptors, nutrients) and distal geomorphic and hydrologic drivers. Multiple controls combined with its extreme redox status and low solubility result in high spatial and temporal variance of CH4 in fluvial environments, which presents a substantial challenge for understanding its larger-scale dynamics. Further understanding of CH4 production and consumption, anaerobic metabolism, and ecosystem energetics in streams and rivers can be achieved through more directed studies and comparison with knowledge from terrestrial, wetland, and aquatic disciplines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-1027.1","usgsCitation":"Stanley, E.H., Casson, N.J., Christel, S.T., Crawford, J.T., Loken, L., and Oliver, S., 2016, The ecology of methane in streams and rivers: Patterns, controls, and global significance: Ecological Monographs, v. 86, no. 2, p. 146-171, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1027.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"171","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066395","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10680/1574","text":"External Repository"},{"id":321111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499de4b0dae0d5dd690d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casson, Nora J.","contributorId":169271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casson","given":"Nora","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christel, Samuel T.","contributorId":169272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christel","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, John T. 0000-0003-4440-6945 jtcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-6945","contributorId":4081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"John","email":"jtcrawford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loken, Luke C. lloken@usgs.gov","contributorId":169218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loken","given":"Luke C.","email":"lloken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K.","contributorId":169273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170899,"text":"70170899 - 2016 - Regional-scale controls on dissolved nitrous oxide in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T11:14:56","indexId":"70170899","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional-scale controls on dissolved nitrous oxide in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The U.S. Corn Belt is one of the most intensive agricultural regions of the world and is drained by the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), which forms one of the largest drainage basins in the U.S. While the effects of agricultural nitrate (NO3-) on water quality in the UMR have been well documented, its impact on the production of nitrous oxide (N2O) has not been reported. Using a novel equilibration technique, we present the largest data set of freshwater dissolved N2O concentrations (0.7 to 6 times saturation) and examine the controls on its variability over a 350 km reach of the UMR. Driven by a supersaturated water column, the UMR was an important atmospheric N2O source (+68 mg N2ONm-2 yr-1) that varies nonlinearly with the NO3-concentration. Our analyses indicated that a projected doubling of the NO3-concentration by 2050 would cause dissolved N2O concentrations and emissions to increase by about 40%.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068710","usgsCitation":"Turner, P., Griffis, T., Baker, J., Lee, X., Crawford, J.T., Loken, L., and Venterea, R., 2016, Regional-scale controls on dissolved nitrous oxide in the Upper Mississippi River: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 9, p. 4400-4407, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068710.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4400","endPage":"4407","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071258","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068710","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","volume":"43","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5734499ce4b0dae0d5dd6903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, P.A.","contributorId":169214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25441,"text":"University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water and Climate","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffis, T.J.","contributorId":169215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffis","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25442,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, J.M.","contributorId":169216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25443,"text":"Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, X.","contributorId":169217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25444,"text":"Yale-Nanjing University of Information, Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crawford, John T. 0000-0003-4440-6945 jtcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-6945","contributorId":4081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"John","email":"jtcrawford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loken, Luke C. lloken@usgs.gov","contributorId":169218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loken","given":"Luke C.","email":"lloken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Venterea, R.T.","contributorId":53994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venterea","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188601,"text":"70188601 - 2016 - A study of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake and tsunami: Numerical and analytical approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-16T12:23:37","indexId":"70188601","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake and tsunami: Numerical and analytical approaches","docAbstract":"The September 16, 2015 Illapel, Chile earthquake\ntriggered a large tsunami, causing both economic losses and\nfatalities. To study the coastal effects of this earthquake, and to\nunderstand how such hazards might be accurately modeled in the\nfuture, different finite fault models of the Illapel rupture are used to\ndefine the initial condition for tsunami simulation. The numerical\ncode Non-hydrostatic Evolution of Ocean WAVEs (NEOWAVE)\nis employed to model the tsunami evolution through the Pacific\nOcean. Because only a short time is available for emergency\nresponse, and since the earthquake and tsunami sources are close to\nthe coast, gaining a rapid understanding of the near-field run-up\nbehavior is highly relevant to Chile. Therefore, an analytical\nsolution of the 2 ? 1 D shallow water wave equations is considered.\nWith this solution, we show that we can quickly estimate the\nrun-up distribution along the coastline, to first order. After the\nearthquake and tsunami, field observations were measured in the\nsurrounded coastal region, where the tsunami resulted in significant\nrun-up. First, we compare the analytical and numerical solutions to\ntest the accuracy of the analytical approach and the field observations,\nimplying the analytic approach can accurately model tsunami\nrun-up after an earthquake, without sacrificing the time necessary\nfor a full numerical inversion. Then, we compare both with field\nrun-up measurements. We observe the consistency between the two\napproaches. To complete the analysis, a tsunami source inversion is\nperformed using run-up field measurements only. These inversion\nresults are compared with seismic models, and are shown to capture\nthe broad-scale details of those models, without the necessity of the\ndetailed data sets they invert.","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s00024-016-1305-0","usgsCitation":"Fuentes, M., Riquelme, S., Hayes, G.P., Medina, M., Melgar, D., Vargas, G., Gonzalez, J., and Villalobos, A., 2016, A study of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake and tsunami: Numerical and analytical approaches: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 173, p. 1847-1858, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1305-0.","productDescription":"12 p. 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2016 - Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:29:34","indexId":"70170904","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-10T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts","docAbstract":"Temperate grasslands have suffered disproportionally from conversion to cropland, degradation and fragmentation. A large proportion of the world’s remaining near-natural grassland is situated in Kazakhstan. We aimed to assess current and emerging threats to steppe and semi-desert biodiversity in Kazakhstan and evaluate conservation research priorities. We conducted a horizon-scanning exercise among conservationists from academia and practice. We first compiled a list of 45 potential threats. These were then ranked by the survey participants according to their perceived severity, the need for research on them, and their novelty. The highest-ranked threats were related to changes in land use (leading to habitat loss and deterioration), direct persecution of wildlife, and rapid infrastructure development due to economic and population growth. Research needs were identified largely in the same areas, and the mean scores of threat severity and research need were highly correlated. Novel threats comprised habitat loss by photovoltaic and wind power stations, climate change and changes in agriculture such as the introduction of biofuels. However, novelty was not correlated with threat severity or research priority, suggesting that the most severe threats are the established ones. Important goals towards more effective steppe and semi-desert conservation in Kazakhstan include more cross-sector collaboration (e.g. by involving stakeholders in conservation and agriculture), greater allocation of funds to under-staffed areas (e.g. protected area management), better representativeness and complementarity in the protected area system and enhanced data collection for wildlife monitoring and threat assessments (including the use of citizen-science databases).
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s10531-016-1083-0","usgsCitation":"Kamp, J., Koshkin, M.A., Bragina, T.M., Katzner, T., Milner-Gulland, E., Schreiber, D., Sheldon, R., Shmalenko, A., Smelansky, I., Terraube, J., and Urazaliev, R., 2016, Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 25, no. 12, p. 2521-2541, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1083-0.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2521","endPage":"2541","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072885","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52eb1886-2ef5-4c70-bf17-b0a616f99a04","text":"External Repository"},{"id":321092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kazakhstan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 47.02148437499999,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n 47.02148437499999,\n 55.25407706707272\n ],\n [\n 85.7373046875,\n 55.25407706707272\n ],\n [\n 85.7373046875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n 47.02148437499999,\n 40.88029480552824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5732f820e4b0dae0d5dc6443","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamp, Johannes","contributorId":169223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamp","given":"Johannes","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25445,"text":"University of Münster","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koshkin, Maxim A","contributorId":169224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koshkin","given":"Maxim","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":16617,"text":"University of East Anglia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bragina, Tatyana M","contributorId":169225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bragina","given":"Tatyana","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":25446,"text":"Kostanai State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":5979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milner-Gulland, E. J.","contributorId":169226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milner-Gulland","given":"E. J.","affiliations":[{"id":25447,"text":"University of Oxford","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schreiber, Dagmar","contributorId":169227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiber","given":"Dagmar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25448,"text":"Kasachstanreisen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sheldon, Robert","contributorId":169228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheldon","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25449,"text":"Ornithological Society of the Middle East and Central Asia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shmalenko, Alyona","contributorId":169229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shmalenko","given":"Alyona","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25450,"text":"Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smelansky, Ilya","contributorId":169230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smelansky","given":"Ilya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25451,"text":"Sibeocenter","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Terraube, Julien","contributorId":169231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terraube","given":"Julien","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25452,"text":"University of Turku","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Urazaliev, Ruslan","contributorId":169232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urazaliev","given":"Ruslan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25450,"text":"Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70170913,"text":"70170913 - 2016 - Not all droughts are created equal: The impacts of interannual drought pattern and magnitude on grassland carbon cycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-10T12:00:19","indexId":"70170913","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-10T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Not all droughts are created equal: The impacts of interannual drought pattern and magnitude on grassland carbon cycling","docAbstract":"Climate extremes, such as drought, may have immediate and potentially prolonged effects on carbon cycling. Grasslands store approximately one-third of all terrestrial carbon and may become carbon sources during droughts. However, the magnitude and duration of drought-induced disruptions to the carbon cycle, as well as the mechanisms responsible, remain poorly understood. Over the next century, global climate models predict an increase in two types of drought: chronic but subtle ‘press-droughts’, and shorter term but extreme ‘pulse-droughts’. Much of our current understanding of the ecological impacts of drought comes from experimental rainfall manipulations. These studies have been highly valuable, but are often short term and rarely quantify carbon feedbacks. To address this knowledge gap, we used the Community Land Model 4.0 to examine the individual and interactive effects of pulse- and press-droughts on carbon cycling in a mesic grassland of the US Great Plains. A series of modeling experiments were imposed by varying drought magnitude (precipitation amount) and interannual pattern (press- vs. pulse-droughts) to examine the effects on carbon storage and cycling at annual to century timescales. We present three main findings. First, a single-year pulse-drought had immediate and prolonged effects on carbon storage due to differential sensitivities of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production. Second, short-term pulse-droughts caused greater carbon loss than chronic press-droughts when total precipitation reductions over a 20-year period were equivalent. Third, combining pulse- and press-droughts had intermediate effects on carbon loss compared to the independent drought types, except at high drought levels. Overall, these results suggest that interannual drought pattern may be as important for carbon dynamics as drought magnitude and that extreme droughts may have long-lasting carbon feedbacks in grassland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13161","usgsCitation":"Hoover, D.L., and Rogers, B.M., 2016, Not all droughts are created equal: The impacts of interannual drought pattern and magnitude on grassland carbon cycling: Global Change Biology, v. 22, no. 5, p. 1809-1820, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13161.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1809","endPage":"1820","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066574","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5732f81ee4b0dae0d5dc643f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoover, David L. dlhoover@usgs.gov","contributorId":5843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"David","email":"dlhoover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Brendan M.","contributorId":169247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Brendan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25456,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170912,"text":"70170912 - 2016 - POLARIS: A 30-meter probabilistic soil series map of the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T09:50:15","indexId":"70170912","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-10T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"POLARIS: A 30-meter probabilistic soil series map of the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"A new complete map of soil series probabilities has been produced for the contiguous United States at a 30 m spatial resolution. This innovative database, named POLARIS, is constructed using available high-resolution geospatial environmental data and a state-of-the-art machine learning algorithm (DSMART-HPC) to remap the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database. This 9 billion grid cell database is possible using available high performance computing resources. POLARIS provides a spatially continuous, internally consistent, quantitative prediction of soil series. It offers potential solutions to the primary weaknesses in SSURGO: 1) unmapped areas are gap-filled using survey data from the surrounding regions, 2) the artificial discontinuities at political boundaries are removed, and 3) the use of high resolution environmental covariate data leads to a spatial disaggregation of the coarse polygons. The geospatial environmental covariates that have the largest role in assembling POLARIS over the contiguous United States (CONUS) are fine-scale (30 m) elevation data and coarse-scale (~ 2 km) estimates of the geographic distribution of uranium, thorium, and potassium. A preliminary validation of POLARIS using the NRCS National Soil Information System (NASIS) database shows variable performance over CONUS. In general, the best performance is obtained at grid cells where DSMART-HPC is most able to reduce the chance of misclassification. The important role of environmental covariates in limiting prediction uncertainty suggests including additional covariates is pivotal to improving POLARIS' accuracy. This database has the potential to improve the modeling of biogeochemical, water, and energy cycles in environmental models; enhance availability of data for precision agriculture; and assist hydrologic monitoring and forecasting to ensure food and water security.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.025","usgsCitation":"Chaney, N.W., Wood, E.F., McBratney, A., Hempel, J.W., Nauman, T.W., Brungard, C.W., and Odgers, N.P., 2016, POLARIS: A 30-meter probabilistic soil series map of the contiguous United States: Geoderma, v. 274, p. 54-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069596","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McBratney, Alexander B","contributorId":169245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBratney","given":"Alexander B","affiliations":[{"id":25455,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hempel, Jonathan W","contributorId":169244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hempel","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":25454,"text":"National Soil Survey Center, NRCS, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nauman, Travis W. 0000-0001-8004-0608 tnauman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-0608","contributorId":169241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nauman","given":"Travis","email":"tnauman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brungard, Colby W.","contributorId":99488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brungard","given":"Colby","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Odgers, Nathan P","contributorId":169246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Odgers","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":25454,"text":"National Soil Survey Center, NRCS, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70171093,"text":"70171093 - 2016 - Mid-latitude shrub steppe plant communities: Climate change consequences for soil water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T14:03:13","indexId":"70171093","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-10T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-latitude shrub steppe plant communities: Climate change consequences for soil water resources","docAbstract":"In the coming century, climate change is projected to impact precipitation and temperature regimes worldwide, with especially large effects in drylands. We use big sagebrush ecosystems as a model dryland ecosystem to explore the impacts of altered climate on ecohydrology and the implications of those changes for big sagebrush plant communities using output from 10 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) for two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). We ask: 1) What is the magnitude of variability in future temperature and precipitation regimes among GCMs and RCPs for big sagebrush ecosystems and 2) How will altered climate and uncertainty in climate forecasts influence key aspects of big sagebrush water balance? We explored these questions across 1980-2010, 2030-2060, and 2070-2100 to determine how changes in water balance might develop through the 21st century. We assessed ecohydrological variables at 898 sagebrush sites across the western US using a process-based soil water model, SOILWAT to model all components of daily water balance using site-specific vegetation parameters and site-specific soil properties for multiple soil layers. Our modeling approach allowed for changes in vegetation based on climate. Temperature increased across all GCMs and RCPs, while changes in precipitation were more variable across GCMs. Winter and spring precipitation was predicted to increase in the future (7% by 2030-2060, 12% by 2070-2100), resulting in slight increases in soil water potential (SWP) in winter. Despite wetter winter soil conditions, SWP decreased in late spring and summer due to increased evapotranspiration (6% by 2030-2060, 10% by 2070-2100) and groundwater recharge (26% and 30% increase by 2030-2060 and 2070-2100). Thus, despite increased precipitation in the cold season, soils may dry out earlier in the year, resulting in potentially longer drier summer conditions. If winter precipitation cannot offset drier summer conditions in the future, we expect big sagebrush regeneration and survival will be negatively impacted, potentially resulting in shifts in the relative abundance of big sagebrush plant functional groups. Our results also highlight the importance of assessing multiple GCMs to understand the range of climate change outcomes on ecohydrology, which was contingent on the GCM chosen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1457","usgsCitation":"Palmquist, K.A., Schlaepfer, D., Bradford, J.B., and Lauenroth, W.K., 2016, Mid-latitude shrub steppe plant communities: Climate change consequences for soil water resources: Ecology, v. 97, no. 9, p. 2342-2354, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1457.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2342","endPage":"2354","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066807","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5740354de4b07e28b65e9697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmquist, Kyle A.","contributorId":169517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lauenroth, Willliam K.","contributorId":169518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"Willliam","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171533,"text":"70171533 - 2016 - Extremes of heat, drought and precipitation depress reproductive performance in shortgrass prairie passerines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T11:25:03","indexId":"70171533","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-09T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extremes of heat, drought and precipitation depress reproductive performance in shortgrass prairie passerines","docAbstract":"Climate change elevates conservation concerns worldwide because it is likely to exacerbate many identified threats to animal populations. In recent decades, grassland birds have declined faster than other North American bird species, a loss thought to be due to habitat loss and fragmentation and changing agricultural practices. Climate change poses additional threats of unknown magnitude to these already declining populations. We examined how seasonal and daily weather conditions over 10 years influenced nest survival of five species of insectivorous passerines native to the shortgrass prairie and evaluate our findings relative to future climate predictions for this region. Daily nest survival (n = 870) was best predicted by a combination of daily and seasonal weather variables, age of nest, time in season and bird habitat guild. Within a season, survival rates were lower on very hot days (temperatures ≥ 35 °C), on dry days (with a lag of 1 day) and on stormy days (especially for those species nesting in shorter vegetation). Across years, survival rates were also lower during warmer and drier breeding seasons. Clutch sizes were larger when early spring temperatures were cool and the week prior to egg-laying was wetter and warming. Climate change is likely to exacerbate grassland bird population declines because projected climate conditions include rising temperatures, more prolonged drought and more intense storms as the hydrological cycle is altered. Under varying realistic scenarios, nest success estimates were halved compared to their current average value when models both increased the temperature (3 °C) and decreased precipitation (two additional dry days during a nesting period), thus underscoring a sense of urgency in identifying and addressing the current causes of range-wide declines.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ornithologists' Union","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12373","collaboration":"Reesa Conrey; Amy A. Yackel Adams; Arvind Panjabi","usgsCitation":"Conrey, R.Y., Skagen, S., Yackel, A., and Panjabi, A.O., 2016, Extremes of heat, drought and precipitation depress reproductive performance in shortgrass prairie passerines: Ibis, v. 158, no. 3, p. 614-629, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12373.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"629","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070119","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b1e4b053f0edd03c44","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/ibi.12373","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12373","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Conrey Reesa Y., Skagen Susan K., Yackel Adams Amy A., Panjabi Arvind O.","journalName":"Ibis","publicationDate":"5/9/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrey, Reesa Y.","contributorId":169966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrey","given":"Reesa","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":16861,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":167829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan K.","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yackel, Amy 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":152310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panjabi, Arvind O.","contributorId":169967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panjabi","given":"Arvind","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":25644,"text":"Bird Conservancy of the Rockies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171092,"text":"70171092 - 2016 - Terrestrial nitrogen cycling in Earth system models revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T10:14:28","indexId":"70171092","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-09T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial nitrogen cycling in Earth system models revisited","docAbstract":"In 2011, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced emissions standards, known as Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS), for a range of toxic constituents from coal-fired utility power stations and other combustion sources. This report presents the findings of an expert panel convened in September 2014 to assess the role of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in new coal investigations that would be useful to stakeholders under MATS. Panel input is provided as summaries of responses to a questionnaire distributed to participants. The panel suggests that the USGS continue its work on trace elements in coal and include more information about delivered coals and boiler feed coals, in comparison to previous USGS compilations that emphasized sampling representative of coals in the ground. To be useful under multipollutant regulatory standards, investigation of a range of constituents in addition to mercury would be necessary. These include other toxic metals proposed for regulation, such as arsenic, nickel, cadmium, and chromium, as well as the halogens chlorine and fluorine, which upon emission form harmful acid gases. Halogen determinations are also important because they influence mercury speciation in flue gas, which allows the effectiveness of mercury controls to be assessed and predicted. The panel suggests that the Illinois Basin and the Powder River Basin should have the highest priority for new coal quality investigations in the near term by the USGS, on the basis of current economic conditions and overall economic importance, respectively. As a starting point for new investigations, brief summaries of the distribution of mercury in each coal basin, and their potential for further investigation, are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161033","usgsCitation":"Kolker, Allan, 2016, Mercury in U.S. coal—Priorities for new U.S. Geological Survey studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1033, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161033. ","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066372","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1033/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1033/ofr20161033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1033"}],"contact":"Director, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
956 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Telephone: 703-648-6401
http://energy.usgs.gov/GeneralInfo/
ScienceCenters/Eastern.aspx
Population-level reproductive success (recruitment) of many fish populations is characterized by high inter-annual variation and related to annual variation in key environmental factors (e.g., climate). When such environmental factors are annually correlated across broad spatial scales, spatially separated populations may display recruitment synchrony (i.e., the Moran effect). We investigated inter-annual (1966–2008) variation in yellow perch (Perca flavescens, Percidae) recruitment using 16 datasets describing populations located in four of the five Laurentian Great Lakes (Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Ontario) and Lake St. Clair. We indexed relative year class strength using catch-curve residuals for each year-class across 2–4 years and compared relative year-class strength among sampling locations. Results indicate that perch recruitment is positively synchronized across the region. In addition, the spatial scale of this synchrony appears to be broader than previous estimates for both yellow perch and freshwater fish in general. To investigate potential factors influencing relative year-class strength, we related year-class strength to regional indices of annual climatic conditions (spring-summer air temperature, winter air temperature, and spring precipitation) using data from 14 weather stations across the Great Lakes region. We found that mean spring-summer temperature is significantly positively related to recruitment success among Great Lakes yellow perch populations.
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