Predator control programmes are generally implemented in an attempt to increase prey population sizes. However, predator removal could prove harmful to prey populations that are regulated primarily by parasitic infections rather than by predation. We develop models for microparasitic and macroparasitic infection that specify the conditions where predator removal will (a) increase the incidence of parasitic infection, (b) reduce the number of healthy individuals in the prey population and (c) decrease the overall size of the prey population. In general, predator removal is more likely to be harmful when the parasite is highly virulent, macroparasites are highly aggregated in their prey, hosts are long-lived and the predators select infected prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00500.x","usgsCitation":"Packer, C., Holt, R.D., Hudson, P., Lafferty, K.D., and Dobson, A.P., 2003, Keeping the herds healthy and alert: Implications of predator control for infectious disease: Ecology Letters, v. 6, no. 9, p. 797-802, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00500.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"802","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4m06g1m6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":132909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Packer, Craig","contributorId":78592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packer","given":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holt, Robert D.","contributorId":80584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew P.","contributorId":63693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1002997,"text":"1002997 - 2003 - Effects of subcutaneous transmitter implants on behavior, growth, energetics, and survival of common loon chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:20","indexId":"1002997","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of subcutaneous transmitter implants on behavior, growth, energetics, and survival of common loon chicks","docAbstract":"High rates of Common Loon (Gavia immer) chick mortality have been documented in Wisconsin, especially on acidic lakes, but causes and timing of chick mortality are poorly understood. We modified and evaluated a subcutaneous transmitter implant technique for Common Loon chicks using wild and captive reared chicks. Results indicated that behavior, growth, energy expenditure, and survival did not differ significantly between chicks marked with miniature transmitters (mass 0.76 g, representing <0.8% of body mass at hatching) and unmarked chicks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K., Meyer, M., Fournier, F., Karasov, W.H., Elfessi, A., and Gutreuter, S., 2003, Effects of subcutaneous transmitter implants on behavior, growth, energetics, and survival of common loon chicks: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 74, no. 2, p. 179-186.","productDescription":"pp. 179-186","startPage":"179","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610be1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, M.W.","contributorId":38094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fournier, F.","contributorId":57001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karasov, W. H.","contributorId":25889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasov","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elfessi, A.","contributorId":46467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elfessi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025082,"text":"70025082 - 2003 - Fault interactions and large complex earthquakes in the Los Angeles area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:11:52","indexId":"70025082","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault interactions and large complex earthquakes in the Los Angeles area","docAbstract":"Faults in complex tectonic environments interact in various ways, including triggered rupture of one fault by another, that may increase seismic hazard in the surrounding region. We model static and dynamic fault interactions between the strike-slip and thrust fault systems in southern California. We find that rupture of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga thrust fault system is unlikely to trigger rupture of the San Andreas or San Jacinto strike-slip faults. However, a large northern San Jacinto fault earthquake could trigger a cascading rupture of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga system, potentially causing a moment magnitude 7.5 to 7.8 earthquake on the edge of the Los Angeles metropolitan region.","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1090747","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Aagaard, B.T., and Hudnut, K., 2003, Fault interactions and large complex earthquakes in the Los Angeles area: Science, v. 302, no. 5652, p. 1946-1949, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1090747.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1946","endPage":"1949","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"302","issue":"5652","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f17e4b0c8380cd53765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Greg","contributorId":127427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudnut, Ken","contributorId":44590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015082,"text":"1015082 - 2003 - Small-mammal density estimation: A field comparison of grid-based vs. web-based density estimators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:21:24","indexId":"1015082","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-mammal density estimation: A field comparison of grid-based vs. web-based density estimators","docAbstract":"Statistical models for estimating absolute densities of field populations of animals have been widely used over the last century in both scientific studies and wildlife management programs. To date, two general classes of density estimation models have been developed: models that use data sets from capture–recapture or removal sampling techniques (often derived from trapping grids) from which separate estimates of population size (NÌ‚) and effective sampling area (AÌ‚) are used to calculate density (DÌ‚ = NÌ‚/AÌ‚); and models applicable to sampling regimes using distance-sampling theory (typically transect lines or trapping webs) to estimate detection functions and densities directly from the distance data. However, few studies have evaluated these respective models for accuracy, precision, and bias on known field populations, and no studies have been conducted that compare the two approaches under controlled field conditions. In this study, we evaluated both classes of density estimators on known densities of enclosed rodent populations. Test data sets (n = 11) were developed using nine rodent species from capture–recapture live-trapping on both trapping grids and trapping webs in four replicate 4.2-ha enclosures on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico, USA. Additional “saturation” trapping efforts resulted in an enumeration of the rodent populations in each enclosure, allowing the computation of true densities. Density estimates (DÌ‚) were calculated using program CAPTURE for the grid data sets and program DISTANCE for the web data sets, and these results were compared to the known true densities (D) to evaluate each model's relative mean square error, accuracy, precision, and bias. In addition, we evaluated a variety of approaches to each data set's analysis by having a group of independent expert analysts calculate their best density estimates without a priori knowledge of the true densities; this “blind” test allowed us to evaluate the influence of expertise and experience in calculating density estimates in comparison to simply using default values in programs CAPTURE and DISTANCE. While the rodent sample sizes were considerably smaller than the recommended minimum for good model results, we found that several models performed well empirically, including the web-based uniform and half-normal models in program DISTANCE, and the grid-based models Mb and Mbh in program CAPTURE (with AÌ‚ adjusted by species-specific full mean maximum distance moved (MMDM) values). These models produced accurate DÌ‚ values (with 95% confidence intervals that included the true D values) and exhibited acceptable bias but poor precision. However, in linear regression analyses comparing each model's DÌ‚ values to the true D values over the range of observed test densities, only the web-based uniform model exhibited a regression slope near 1.0; all other models showed substantial slope deviations, indicating biased estimates at higher or lower density values. In addition, the grid-based DÌ‚ analyses using full MMDM values for WÌ‚ area adjustments required a number of theoretical assumptions of uncertain validity, and we therefore viewed their empirical successes with caution. Finally, density estimates from the independent analysts were highly variable, but estimates from web-based approaches had smaller mean square errors and better achieved confidence-interval coverage of D than did grid-based approaches. Our results support the contention that web-based approaches for density estimation of small-mammal populations are both theoretically and empirically superior to grid-based approaches, even when sample size is far less than often recommended. In view of the increasing need for standardized environmental measures for comparisons among ecosystems and through time, analytical models based on distance sampling appear to offer accurate density estimation approaches for research studies involving small-mammal abundances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0001:SMDEAF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Parmenter, R., Yates, T.L., Anderson, D., Burnham, K., Dunnum, J., Franklin, A., Friggens, M., Lubow, B., Miller, M., Olson, G., Parmenter, C.A., Pollard, J., Rexstad, E., Shenk, T., Stanley, T., and White, G.C., 2003, Small-mammal density estimation: A field comparison of grid-based vs. web-based density estimators: Ecological Monographs, v. 73, no. 1, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0001:SMDEAF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0001:smdeaf]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee09e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parmenter, R.R.","contributorId":98667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmenter","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yates, Terry L.","contributorId":87489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yates","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunnum, J.L.","contributorId":84312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunnum","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Franklin, A.B.","contributorId":105667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Friggens, M.T.","contributorId":98260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friggens","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lubow, B. C.","contributorId":64603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lubow","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, Michael","contributorId":103182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Olson, G.S.","contributorId":83872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parmenter, Cheryl A.","contributorId":67045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parmenter","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pollard, J.","contributorId":37280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rexstad, E.","contributorId":58977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rexstad","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shenk, T.M.","contributorId":53335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shenk","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":1015138,"text":"1015138 - 2003 - Ecohydrology of a resource-conserving semiarid woodland: Effects of scale and disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T12:27:58","indexId":"1015138","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecohydrology of a resource-conserving semiarid woodland: Effects of scale and disturbance","docAbstract":"In semiarid landscapes, the linkage between runoff and vegetation is a particularly close one. In this paper we report on the results of a long-term and multiple-scale study of interactions between runoff, erosion, and vegetation in a piñon–juniper woodland in New Mexico. We use our results to address three knowledge gaps: (1) the temporal scaling relationships between precipitation and runoff; (2) the effects of spatial scale on runoff and erosion, as influenced by vegetation; and (3) the influence of disturbance on these relationships. On the basis of our results, we tested three assumptions that represent current thinking in these areas (as evidenced, for example, by explicit or implicit assumptions embedded in commonly used models). The first assumption, that aggregated precipitation can be used as a surrogate for total runoff in semiarid environments, was not verified by our findings. We found that when runoff is generated mainly by overland flow in these systems, aggregated precipitation amounts alone (by year, season, or individual event) are a poor predictor of runoff amounts. The second assumption, that at the hillslope and smaller scales runoff and erosion are independent of spatial scale, was likewise not verified. We found that the redistribution of water and sediment within the hillslope was substantial and that there was a strong and nonlinear reduction in unit-area runoff and erosion with increasing scale (our scales were slope lengths ranging from 1 m to 105 m). The third assumption, that disturbance-related increases in runoff and erosion remain constant with time, was partially verified. We found that for low-slope-gradient sites, disturbance led to accelerated runoff and erosion, and these conditions may persist for a decade or longer. On the basis of our findings, we further suggest that (a) disturbance alters the effects of scale on runoff and erosion in a predictable way—scale relationships in degraded areas will be fundamentally different from those in nondegraded areas because more runoff will escape off site and erosion rates will be much higher; and (b) there exists a slope threshold, below which semiarid landscapes will eventually recover following disturbance and above which there will be no recovery without mitigation or remediation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0223:EOARSW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, B., Breshears, D., and Allen, C.D., 2003, Ecohydrology of a resource-conserving semiarid woodland: Effects of scale and disturbance: Ecological Monographs, v. 73, no. 2, p. 223-239, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0223:EOARSW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/182278","text":"External Repository"},{"id":134052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, B.P.","contributorId":83490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, D.D.","contributorId":17952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025459,"text":"70025459 - 2003 - A numerical simulation of magma motion, crustal deformation, and seismic radiation associated with volcanic eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025459","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical simulation of magma motion, crustal deformation, and seismic radiation associated with volcanic eruptions","docAbstract":"The finite difference method is used to calculate the magma dynamics, seismic radiation, and crustal deformation associated with a volcanic eruption. The model geometry consists of a cylindrical reservoir and narrow cylindrical conduit embedded in a homogeneous crust. We consider two models of eruption. In the first model, a lid caps the vent and the magma is overpressurized prior to the eruption. The eruption is triggered by the instantaneous removal of the lid, at which point the exit pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. In the second model, a plug at the reservoir outlet allows pressurization of only the magmatic fluid in the reservoir before the eruption. Magma transfer between the reservoir and conduit is triggered by the instantaneous removal of the plug, and the eruption occurs when the pressure at the conduit orifice exceeds the material strength of the lid capping the vent. In both models, magma dynamics are expressed by the equations of mass and momentum conservation in a compressible fluid, in which fluid expansion associated with depressurization is accounted for by a constitutive law relating pressure and density. Crustal motions are calculated from the equations of elastodynamics. The fluid and solid are dynamically coupled by applying the continuity of wall velocities and normal stresses across the conduit and reservoir boundaries. Free slip is allowed at the fluid-solid boundary. Both models predict the gradual depletion of the magma reservoir, which causes crustal deformation observed as a long-duration dilatational signal. Superimposed on this very-long-period (VLP) signal generated by mass transport are long-period (LP) oscillations of the magma reservoir and conduit excited by the acoustic resonance of the reservoir-conduit system during the eruption. The volume of the reservoir, vent size, and magma properties control the duration of VLP waves and dominant periods of LP oscillations. The second model predicts that when the magmatic fluid reaches the vent, a high-pressure pulse occurs at this location in accordance with the basic theory of compressible fluid dynamics. This abrupt pressure increase just beneath the vent is consistent with observed seismograms in which pulse-like Rayleigh waves excited by a shallow source are dominant. The strength of the lid plays an important role in the character of the seismograms and in defining the type of eruption observed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01936.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Nishimura, T., and Chouet, B., 2003, A numerical simulation of magma motion, crustal deformation, and seismic radiation associated with volcanic eruptions: Geophysical Journal International, v. 153, no. 3, p. 699-718, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01936.x.","startPage":"699","endPage":"718","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478580,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.01936.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209410,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01936.x"},{"id":235824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4cae4b0c8380cd46927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishimura, T.","contributorId":94834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025598,"text":"70025598 - 2003 - Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T07:37:44","indexId":"70025598","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","docAbstract":"Analysis of a 72-h, constant-rate aquifer test conducted in a coarse-grained and highly permeable, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts revealed that drawdowns measured in 20 piezometers located at various depths below the water table and distances from the pumped well were significantly influenced by effects of drainage from the vadose zone. The influence was greatest in piezometers located close to the water table and diminished with increasing depth. The influence of the vadose zone was evident from a gap, in the intermediate-time zone, between measured drawdowns and drawdowns computed under the assumption that drainage from the vadose zone occurred instantaneously in response to a decline in the elevation of the water table. By means of an analytical model that was designed to account for time-varying drainage, simulated drawdowns could be closely fitted to measured drawdowns regardless of the piezometer locations. Because of the exceptional quality and quantity of the data and the relatively small aquifer heterogeneity, it was possible by inverse modeling to estimate all relevant aquifer parameters and a set of three empirical constants used in the upper-boundary condition to account for the dynamic drainage process. The empirical constants were used to define a one-dimensional (1D) drainage versus time curve that is assumed to be representative of the bulk material overlying the water table. The curve was inverted with a parameter estimation algorithm and a 1D numerical model for variably saturated flow to obtain soil-moisture retention curves and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity relationships defined by the Brooks and Corey equations. Direct analysis of the aquifer-test data using a parameter estimation algorithm and a two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model for variably saturated flow yielded similar soil-moisture characteristics. Results suggest that hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics are different from core-scale predictions and even relatively small amounts of fine-grained material and heterogeneity can dominate the large-scale soil-moisture characteristics and aquifer response.
The southwestern willow flycatcher (SWFL; Empidonax traillii extimus) is an endangered songbird whose habitat has declined dramatically over the last century. Understanding habitat selection patterns and the ability to identify potential breeding areas for the SWFL is crucial to the management and conservation of this species. We developed a multiscaled model of SWTL breeding habitat with a Geographic Information System (GIS), survey data, GIS variables, and multiple logistic regressions. We obtained presence and absence survey data from a riverine ecosystem and a reservoir delta in south-central Arizona, USA, in 1999. We extracted the GIS variables from satellite imagery and digital elevation models to characterize vegetation and floodplain within the project area. We used multiple logistic regressions within a cell-based (30 X 30 m) modeling environment to (1) determine associations between GIS variables and breeding-site occurrence at different spatial scales (0.09-72 ha), and (2) construct a predictive model. Our best model explained 54% of the variability in breeding-site occurrence with the following variables: vegetation density at the site (0.09 ha), proportion of dense vegetation and variability in vegetation density within a 4.5-ha neighborhood, and amount of floodplain or flat terrain within a 41-ha neighborhood. The density of breeding sites was highest in areas that the model predicted to be most suitable within the project area and at an external test site 200 km away. Conservation efforts must focus on protecting not only occupied patches, but also surrounding riparian forests and floodplain to ensure long-term viability of SWTL. We will use the multiscaled model to map SWTL breeding habitat in Arizona, prioritize future survey effort, and examine changes in habitat abundance and quality over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802685","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J., and Paradzick, C., 2003, A multiscaled model of southwestern willow flycatcher breeding habitat: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 4, p. 774-788, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802685.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"774","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"south-central Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 31.466153715024294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e490e4b0c8380cd4671b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, J.R.","contributorId":39564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paradzick, C.E.","contributorId":87345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paradzick","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015112,"text":"1015112 - 2003 - Do ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-24T13:37:59","indexId":"1015112","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling?","docAbstract":"Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants and animals, and N may be limiting in many western US grassland and shrubland ungulate winter ranges. Ungulates may influence N pools and they may alter N inputs and outputs (losses) to the ecosystem in a number of ways. In this paper we compare the ecosystem effects of ungulate herbivory in two western national parks, Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, and Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming. We compare ungulate herbivory effects on N pools, N fluxes, N yields, and plant productivity in the context of the accelerating and decelerating nutrient cycling scenarios [Ecology 79 (1998) 165]. We concluded that the YNP grasslands fit the accelerating nutrient cycling scenario for ungulate herbivory: in response to grazing, grassland plant species abundance was largely unaltered, net annual aboveground primary productivity (NAPP) was stimulated (except during drought), consumption of key N-rich forages by ungulates was moderate and their abundance was sustained, soil N mineralization rates doubled, N pools increased, aboveground N yield increased, and N concentrations increased in most grassland plant species. Grazing in grasslands in RMNP resulted in no consistent detectable acceleration or deceleration of nutrient cycling. Grazing effects in short willow and aspen vegetation types in RMNP fit the decelerating nutrient cycling scenario of Ritchie et al. [Ecology 79 (1998) 165]. Key N-rich forages declined due to herbivory (willows, aspen, herbaceous vegetation). Aboveground production declined, soil N mineralization rates declined, N pools declined (NO3− pools were 30% that of ungrazed controls), and aboveground N yield declined. We believe that the higher ungulate densities and rates of plant consumption in RMNP, large declines in N-rich forage plants, and possibly a tendency of ungulates to move N from willow and aspen vegetation types to other types in RMNP, contributed to deceleration of nutrient cycling in two vegetation types in RMNP compared to acceleration in grasslands in YNP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00133-6","usgsCitation":"Singer, F.J., and Schoenecker, K., 2003, Do ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling?: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 181, no. 1, p. 189-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00133-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"181","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d7c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenecker, K.A.","contributorId":71120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025176,"text":"70025176 - 2003 - Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T17:02:18.291394","indexId":"70025176","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","title":"Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","docAbstract":"The 23 October 2002 Nenana Mountain Earthquake (Mw ∼ 6.7) occurred on the Denali Fault (Alaska), to the west of the Mw ∼ 7.9 Denali Earthquake that ruptured the same fault 11 days later. We used 6 interferograms, constructed using radar images from the Canadian Radarsat-1 and European ERS-2 satellites, to determine the coseismic surface deformation and a source model. Data were acquired on ascending and descending satellite passes, with incidence angles between 23 and 45 degrees, and time intervals of 72 days or less. Modeling the event as dislocations in an elastic half space suggests that there was nearly 0.9 m of right-lateral strike-slip motion at depth, on a near-vertical fault, and that the maximum slip in the top 4 km of crust was less than 0.2 m. The Nenana Mountain Earthquake increased the Coulomb stress at the future hypocenter of the 3 November 2002, Denali Earthquake by 30–60 kPa.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018014","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.J., Lu, Z., and Wicks, C., 2003, Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 18, p. 12-1-12-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"12-1","endPage":"12-4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali fault, Nenana Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9330e4b08c986b31a34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Tim J.","contributorId":84959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015115,"text":"1015115 - 2003 - The rich get richer: Patterns of plant invasions in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T10:23:11","indexId":"1015115","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rich get richer: Patterns of plant invasions in the United States","docAbstract":"Observations from islands, small-scale experiments, and mathematical models have generally supported the paradigm that habitats of low plant diversity are more vulnerable to plant invasions than areas of high plant diversity. We summarize two independent data sets to show exactly the opposite pattern at multiple spatial scales. More significant, and alarming, is that hotspots of native plant diversity have been far more heavily invaded than areas of low plant diversity in most parts of the United States when considered at larger spatial scales. Our findings suggest that we cannot expect such hotspots to repel invasions, and that the threat of invasion is significant and predictably greatest in these areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0011:TRGRPO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Barnett, D., and Kartesz, J., 2003, The rich get richer: Patterns of plant invasions in the United States: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 1, no. 1, p. 11-14, https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0011:TRGRPO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/44558p54f","text":"External Repository"},{"id":131326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640ea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnett, D.T.","contributorId":99504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kartesz, J.T.","contributorId":34872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kartesz","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025421,"text":"70025421 - 2003 - Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025421","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle","docAbstract":"Data on three major determinants of the carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems are used with the process-based Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to simulate the combined effect of climate variability, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, and cropland establishment and abandonment on the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and monsoon Asian ecosystems. During 1860-1990, modeled results suggest that monsoon Asia as a whole released 29.0 Pg C, which represents 50% of the global carbon release for this period. Carbon release varied across three subregions: East Asia (4.3 Pg C), South Asia (6.6 Pg C), and Southeast Asia (18.1 Pg C). For the entire region, the simulations indicate that land-use change alone has led to a loss of 42.6 Pg C. However, increasing CO2 and climate variability have added carbon to terrestrial ecosystems to compensate for 23% and 8% of the losses due to land-use change, respectively. During 1980-1989, monsoon Asia as a whole acted as a source of carbon to the atmosphere, releasing an average of 0.158 Pg C per year. Two of the subregions acted as net carbon source and one acted as a net carbon sink. Southeast Asia and South Asia were sources of 0.288 and 0.02 Pg C per year, respectively, while East Asia was a sink of 0.149 Pg C per year. Substantial interannual and decadal variations occur in the annual net carbon storage estimated by TEM due to comparable variations in summer precipitation and its effect on net primary production (NPP). At longer time scales, land-use change appears to be the important control on carbon dynamics in this region. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","language":"English","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Tian, H., Melillo, J.M., Kicklighter, D., Pan, S., Liu, J., McGuire, A., and Moore, B., 2003, Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle, in Global and Planetary Change, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 201-217.","startPage":"201","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4b1e4b0e8fec6cdbc09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tian, H.","contributorId":43524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pan, S.","contributorId":11389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, B. III","contributorId":96845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025351,"text":"70025351 - 2003 - Inverse modeling of BTEX dissolution and biodegradation at the Bemidji, MN crude-oil spill site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:28:36","indexId":"70025351","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse modeling of BTEX dissolution and biodegradation at the Bemidji, MN crude-oil spill site","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) solute transport and biodegradation code BIOMOC was used in conjunction with the USGS universal inverse modeling code UCODE to quantify field-scale hydrocarbon dissolution and biodegradation at the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program crude-oil spill research site located near Bemidji, MN. This inverse modeling effort used the extensive historical data compiled at the Bemidji site from 1986 to 1997 and incorporated a multicomponent transport and biodegradation model. Inverse modeling was successful when coupled transport and degradation processes were incorporated into the model and a single dissolution rate coefficient was used for all BTEX components. Assuming a stationary oil body, we simulated benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX) concentrations in the oil and ground water, respectively, as well as dissolved oxygen. Dissolution from the oil phase and aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes were represented. The parameters estimated were the recharge rate, hydraulic conductivity, dissolution rate coefficient, individual first-order BTEX anaerobic degradation rates, and transverse dispersivity. Results were similar for simulations obtained using several alternative conceptual models of the hydrologic system and biodegradation processes. The dissolved BTEX concentration data were not sufficient to discriminate between these conceptual models. The calibrated simulations reproduced the general large-scale evolution of the plume, but did not reproduce the observed small-scale spatial and temporal variability in concentrations. The estimated anaerobic biodegradation rates for toluene and o-xylene were greater than the dissolution rate coefficient. However, the estimated anaerobic biodegradation rates for benzene, ethylbenzene, and m,p-xylene were less than the dissolution rate coefficient. The calibrated model was used to determine the BTEX mass balance in the oil body and groundwater plume. Dissolution from the oil body was greatest for compounds with large effective solubilities (benzene) and with large degradation rates (toluene and o-xylene). Anaerobic degradation removed 77% of the BTEX that dissolved into the water phase and aerobic degradation removed 17%. Although goodness-of-fit measures for the alternative conceptual models were not significantly different, predictions made with the models were quite variable.
Effective conservation efforts for at-risk species require knowledge of the locations of existing populations. Species presence can be estimated directly by conducting field-sampling surveys or alternatively by developing predictive models. Direct surveys can be expensive and inefficient, particularly for rare and difficult-to-sample species, and models of species presence may produce biased predictions. We present a Bayesian approach that combines sampling and model-based inferences for estimating species presence. The accuracy and cost-effectiveness of this approach were compared to those of sampling surveys and predictive models for estimating the presence of the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) via simulation with existing models and empirical sampling data. Simulations indicated that a sampling-only approach would be the most effective and would result in the lowest presence and absence misclassification error rates for three thresholds of detection probability. When sampling effort was considered, however, the combined approach resulted in the lowest error rates per unit of sampling effort. Hence, lower probability-of-detection thresholds can be specified with the combined approach, resulting in lower misclassification error rates and improved cost-effectiveness.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01579.x","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., and Dunham, J., 2003, Combining inferences from models of capture efficiency, detectability, and suitable habitat to classify landscapes for conservation of threatened bull trout: Conservation Biology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1070-1077, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01579.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1070","endPage":"1077","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, J.","contributorId":77874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026210,"text":"70026210 - 2003 - Interpreting tracer breakthrough tailing from different forced-gradient tracer experiment configurations in fractured bedrock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-29T16:20:45.536186","indexId":"70026210","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpreting tracer breakthrough tailing from different forced-gradient tracer experiment configurations in fractured bedrock","docAbstract":"Conceptual and mathematical models are presented that explain tracer breakthrough tailing in the absence of significant matrix diffusion. Model predictions are compared to field results from radially convergent, weak-dipole, and push-pull tracer experiments conducted in a saturated crystalline bedrock. The models are based upon the assumption that flow is highly channelized, that the mass of tracer in a channel is proportional to the cube of the mean channel aperture, and the mean transport time in the channel is related to the square of the mean channel aperture. These models predict the consistent −2 straight line power law slope observed in breakthrough from radially convergent and weak-dipole tracer experiments and the variable straight line power law slope observed in push-pull tracer experiments with varying injection volumes. The power law breakthrough slope is predicted in the absence of matrix diffusion. A comparison of tracer experiments in which the flow field was reversed to those in which it was not indicates that the apparent dispersion in the breakthrough curve is partially reversible. We hypothesize that the observed breakthrough tailing is due to a combination of local hydrodynamic dispersion, which always increases in the direction of fluid velocity, and heterogeneous advection, which is partially reversed when the flow field is reversed. In spite of our attempt to account for heterogeneous advection using a multipath approach, a much smaller estimate of hydrodynamic dispersivity was obtained from push-pull experiments than from radially convergent or weak dipole experiments. These results suggest that although we can explain breakthrough tailing as an advective phenomenon, we cannot ignore the relationship between hydrodynamic dispersion and flow field geometry at this site. The design of the tracer experiment can severely impact the estimation of hydrodynamic dispersion and matrix diffusion in highly heterogeneous geologic media.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR001190","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., and Shapiro, A., 2003, Interpreting tracer breakthrough tailing from different forced-gradient tracer experiment configurations in fractured bedrock: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 1, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001190.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr001190","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d96e4b0c8380cd636a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.W.","contributorId":35896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":408573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026206,"text":"70026206 - 2003 - Geoarchaeological investigations at the Winger site: A Late Paleoindian bison bonebed in Southwestern Kansas, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026206","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1749,"text":"Geoarchaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoarchaeological investigations at the Winger site: A Late Paleoindian bison bonebed in Southwestern Kansas, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The Winger site is a deeply buried Late Paleoindian bison bonebed in a playa basin on the High Plains of midcontinental North America. The site is one of few stratified, Late Paleoindian bison kills recorded in the region. The bonebed is exposed in the bank of an intermittent stream that cut into the edge of the playa basin. Avocational archaeologists excavated a small portion of the exposed bonebed in the early 1970s and reported flakes in association with the skeletal remains. Limited reinvestigations of the site were undertaken in 2001, and a monthlong excavation was conducted in 2002 to assess the stratigraphy, geochronology, and archaeology. The bonebed is 35 ni long in a buried soil developed in fine-grained basin fill overlain by early Holocene alluvium (arroyo fill). Recent alluvium overlies a soil developed in the early Holocene alluvium, and modern deposits of eolian sand 2 to to < 35 cm thick mantle the site area. Artifacts found at the site include two Allen points and a flake tool discovered in the bone bed, and a biface and Allen point fragment in disturbed bonebed deposits. Excavation of 9 m2 of the bone bed revealed some fully articulated skeletons, and taphonomic observations suggest some of the bison collapsed while standing in a playa or pond margin setting. The remains of at least six bison are represented in the excavated sample from 2002, but many more animals are represented in the bonebed. A 14C age of ca. 9000 yr B.P. was determined on collagen from bison rib fragments. This age is consistent with the diagnostic artifacts found at Winger. ?? 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoarchaeology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/gea.10054","issn":"08836353","usgsCitation":"Mandel, R., and Hofman, J., 2003, Geoarchaeological investigations at the Winger site: A Late Paleoindian bison bonebed in Southwestern Kansas, U.S.A: Geoarchaeology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 129-144, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.10054.","startPage":"129","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208945,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.10054"},{"id":235067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1598e4b0c8380cd54eb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandel, R.D.","contributorId":58000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandel","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofman, J.L.","contributorId":83717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofman","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184628,"text":"70184628 - 2003 - The geochemical evolution of riparian ground water in a forested piedmont catchment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:26:49","indexId":"70184628","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemical evolution of riparian ground water in a forested piedmont catchment","docAbstract":"The principal weathering reactions and their rates in riparian ground water were determined at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) near Atlanta, Georgia. Concentrations of major solutes were measured in ground water samples from 19 shallow wells completed in the riparian (saprolite) aquifer and in one borehole completed in granite, and the apparent age of each sample was calculated from chloroflourocarbons and tritium/helium-3 data. Concentrations of SiO2, Na+, and Ca2+ generally increased downvalley and were highest in the borehole near the watershed outlet. Strong positive correlations were found between the concentrations of these solutes and the apparent age of ground water that was modern (zero to one year) in the headwaters, six to seven years midway down the valley, and 26 to 27 years in the borehole, located ∼500 m downstream from the headwaters. Mass-balance modeling of chemical evolution showed that the downstream changes in ground water chemistry could be largely explained by weathering of plagioclase to kaolinite, with possible contributions from weathering of K-feldspar, biotite, hornblende, and calcite. The in situ rates of weathering reactions were estimated by combining the ground water age dates with geochemical mass-balance modeling results. The weathering rate was highest for plagioclase (∼6.4 μmol/L/year), but could not be easily compared with most other published results for feldspar weathering at PMRW and elsewhere because the mineral-surface area to which ground water was exposed during geochemical evolution could not be estimated. However, a preliminary estimate of the mineral-surface area that would have contacted the ground water to provide the observed solute concentrations suggests that the plagioclase weathering rate calculated in this study is similar to the rate calculated in a previous study at PMRW, and three to four orders of magnitude slower than those published in previous laboratory studies of feldspar weathering. An accurate model of the geochemical evolution of riparian ground water is necessary to accurately model the geochemical evolution of stream water at PMRW.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02434.x","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Plummer, N., McDonnell, J.J., Busenberg, E., Casile, G.C., Kendall, C., Hooper, R.P., Freer, J.E., Peters, N.E., Beven, K., and Schlosser, P., 2003, The geochemical evolution of riparian ground water in a forested piedmont catchment: Groundwater, v. 41, no. 7, p. 913-925, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02434.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"925","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c945e4b0f37a93ee9b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":202934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36551,"text":"University of Saskatchewan, Canada, and University of Aberdeen, Scotland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":682304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Freer, James E. 0000-0001-6388-7890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-7890","contributorId":188139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peters, Norman E. nepeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":1324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Norman","email":"nepeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Beven, Keith","contributorId":188140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beven","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70185121,"text":"70185121 - 2003 - Immobilization of cobalt by sulfate-reducing bacteria in subsurface sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:45:19","indexId":"70185121","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immobilization of cobalt by sulfate-reducing bacteria in subsurface sediments","docAbstract":"We investigated the impact of sulfate-reduction on immobilization of metals in subsurface aquifers. Co 2+ was used as a model for heavy metals. Factors limiting sulfate-reduction dependent Co 2+ immobilization were tested on pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria, and in sediment columns from a landfill leachate contaminated aquifer. In the presence of 1 mM Co 2+ , the growth of pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria was not impacted. Cultures of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfotomaculum gibsoniae , and Desulfomicrobium hypogeia removed greater than 99.99% of the soluble Co 2+ when CoCl 2 was used with no chelators. The above cultures and Desulfoarcula baarsi removed 98-99.94% of the soluble Co(II) when the metal was complexed with the model ligand nitrilotriacetate (Co-NTA). Factors controlling the rate of sulfate-reduction based Co 2+ precipitation were investigated in sediment-cobalt mixtures. Several electron donors were tested and all but toluene accelerated soluble Co 2+ loss. Ethanol and formate showed the greatest stimulation. All complex nitrogen sources tested slowed and decreased the extent of Co 2+ removal from solution relative to formate-amended sediment incubations. A range of pH values were tested (6.35-7.81), with the more alkaline incubations exhibiting the largest precipitation of Co 2+ . The immobilization of Co 2+ in sediments was also investigated with cores to monitor the flow of Co 2+ through undisturbed sediments. An increase in the amount of Co 2+ immobilized as CoS was observed as sulfate reduction activity was stimulated in flow through columns. Both pure culture and sediment incubation data indicate that stimulation of sulfate reduction is a viable strategy in the immobilization of contaminating metals in subsurface systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490450303892","usgsCitation":"Krumholz, L.R., Elias, D.A., and Suflita, J.M., 2003, Immobilization of cobalt by sulfate-reducing bacteria in subsurface sediments: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 20, no. 1, p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450303892.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d3e4b0849ce97c86e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krumholz, Lee R.","contributorId":187679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krumholz","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elias, Dwayne A.","contributorId":189299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elias","given":"Dwayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025798,"text":"70025798 - 2003 - Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:31:28.189151","indexId":"70025798","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Two groups of closely associated, peraluminous, two-mica granitic gneiss were identified in the area. The older, sparsely distributed unit is equigranular (EG) with initial εNd ∼ − 8·8 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ∼0·7098. Its age is uncertain. The younger unit is Late Cretaceous (∼80 Ma), pegmatitic, and sillimanite-bearing (KPG), with εNd from −15·8 to −17·3 and initial 87Sr/86Sr from 0·7157 to 0·7198. The concentrations of Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, Sr, V, Zr, Zn and Hf are higher, and K, Rb and Th are lower in the EG. Major- and trace-element models indicate that the KPG was derived by muscovite dehydration melting (<35 km depth) of Neoproterozoic metapelitic rocks that are widespread in the eastern Great Basin. The models are broadly consistent with anatexis of crust tectonically thickened during the Sevier orogeny; no mantle mass or heat contribution was necessary. As such, this unit represents one crustal end-member of regional Late Cretaceous peraluminous granites. The EG was produced by biotite dehydration melting at greater depths, with garnet stable in the residue. The source of the EG was probably Paleoproterozoic metagraywacke. Because EG magmatism probably pre-dated Late Cretaceous crustal thickening, it required heat input from the mantle or from mantle-derived magma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/44.4.713","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Lee, S., Barnes, C., Snoke, A., Howard, K.A., and Frost, C., 2003, Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 4, p. 713-732, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.4.713.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"732","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7781e4b0c8380cd784f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, S.-Y.","contributorId":75669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, C. G.","contributorId":78819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snoke, A.W.","contributorId":14899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frost, C.D.","contributorId":20900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70161935,"text":"70161935 - 2003 - In praise of mechanistically-rich models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T09:16:27","indexId":"70161935","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"In praise of mechanistically-rich models","docAbstract":"Quantitative models are crucial to almost every area of ecosystem science. They provide a logical structure that guides and informs empirical observations of ecosystem processes. They play a particularly crucial role in synthesizing and integrating our understanding of the immense diversity of ecosystem structure and function. Increasingly, models are being called on to predict the effects of human actions on natural ecosystems. Despite the widespread use of models, there exists intense debate within the field over a wide range of practical and philosophical issues pertaining to quantitative modeling. This book--which grew out of a gathering of leading experts at the ninth Cary Conference--explores those issues.
\n\n
The book opens with an overview of the status and role of modeling in ecosystem science, including perspectives on the long-running debate over the appropriate level of complexity in models. This is followed by eight chapters that address the critical issue of evaluating ecosystem models, including methods of addressing uncertainty. Next come several case studies of the role of models in environmental policy and management. A section on the future of modeling in ecosystem science focuses on increasing the use of modeling in undergraduate education and the modeling skills of professionals within the field. The benefits and limitations of predictive (versus observational) models are also considered in detail. Written by stellar contributors, this book grants access to the state of the art and science of ecosystem modeling.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models in ecosystem scienc","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Princeton University Press","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., and Mooij, W.M., 2003, In praise of mechanistically-rich models, chap. of Models in ecosystem scienc, p. 63-82.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.princeton.edu/titles/7692.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e048e4b039675d005e2b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Canham, Charles D.","contributorId":152138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588114,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Jonathan J.","contributorId":16738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588115,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588116,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooij, Wolf M.","contributorId":94169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooij","given":"Wolf","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182819,"text":"70182819 - 2003 - Brittle deformation along the Gulf of Alaska margin in response to Paleocene-Eocene triple junction migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T15:20:01.265535","indexId":"70182819","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Brittle deformation along the Gulf of Alaska margin in response to Paleocene-Eocene triple junction migration","docAbstract":"A spreading center was subducted diachronously along a 2200 km segment of what is now the Gulf of Alaska margin between 61 and 50 Ma, and left in its wake near-trench intrusions and high-T, low-P metamorphic rocks. Gold-quartz veins and dikes, linked to ridge subduction by geochronological and relative timing evidence, provide a record of brittle deformation during and after passage of the ridge. The gold-quartz veins are typically hosted by faults, and their regional extent indicates there was widespread deformation of the forearc above the slab window at the time of ridge subduction. Considerable variability in the strain pattern was associated with the slab window and the trailing plate. A diffuse network of dextral, sinistral, and normal faults hosted small lode-gold deposits (<50,000 oz) in south-central Alaska, whereas crustal-scale dextral faults in southeastern Alaska are spatially associated with large gold deposits (up to 800,000 oz).
We interpret the gold-quartz veins as having formed above an eastward-migrating slab window, where the forearc crust responded to the diminishing influence of the forward subducting plate, the increasing influence of the trailing plate, and the thermal pulse and decreased basal friction from the slab window. In addition, extensional deformation of the forearc resulted from the diverging motions of the two oceanic plates at the margins of the slab window. Factors that complicate interpretations of fault kinematics and near-trench dike orientations include a change in plate motions at ca. 52 Ma, northward translation of the accretionary complex, oroclinal bending of the south-central Alaska margin, and subduction of transform segments. We find the pattern of syn-ridge subduction faulting in southern Alaska is remarkably similar to brittle faults near the Chile triple junction and to earthquake focal mechanisms in the Woodlark basin - the two modern sites of ridge subduction. Therefore, extensional and strike-slip deformation above slab windows may be a common occurrence.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of a transpressional orogen developed during ridge-trench interaction along the North Pacific margin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.119","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Bradley, D., and Goldfarb, R.J., 2003, Brittle deformation along the Gulf of Alaska margin in response to Paleocene-Eocene triple junction migration, chap. of Geology of a transpressional orogen developed during ridge-trench interaction along the North Pacific margin, v. 371, p. 119-140, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2371-X.119.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -163,\n 53\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"371","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sisson, V.B.","contributorId":101104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sisson","given":"V.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887463,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeske, Sarah M.","contributorId":141228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeske","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13721,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Califorina Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavlis, Terry L.","contributorId":52682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlis","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887465,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}