{"pageNumber":"1124","pageRowStart":"28075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165446,"records":[{"id":70047189,"text":"70047189 - 2016 - Manganese nodules","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:43:00","indexId":"70047189","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Manganese nodules","docAbstract":"<p>The existence of manganese (Mn) nodules (Figure 1) has been known since the late 1800s when they were collected during the Challenger expedition of 1873–1876. However, it was not until after WWII that nodules were further studied in detail for their ability to adsorb metals from seawater. Many of the early studies did not distinguish Mn nodules from Mn crusts. Economic interest in Mn nodules began in the late 1950s and early 1960s when John Mero finished his Ph.D. thesis on this subject, which was published in the journal Economic Geology (Mero, 1962) and later as a book (Mero, 1965). By the mid-1970s, large consortia had formed to search for and mine Mn nodules that occur between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones (CCZ) in the NE Pacific (Figure 2). This is still the area considered of greatest economic potential in the global ocean because of high nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and Mn contents and the dense distribution of nodules in the area. While the mining of nodules was fully expected to begin in the late 1970s or early 1980s, this never occurred due to a downturn in the price of metals on the global market. Since then, many research cruises have been undertaken to study the CCZ nodules, and now 15 contracts for exploration sites have been given or are pending by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Many books and science journal articles have been published summarizing the early work (e.g., Baturin, 1988; Halbach et al., 1988), and research has continued to the present day (e.g., ISA, 1999; ISA, 2010). Although the initial attraction for nodules was their high Ni, Cu, and Mn contents, subsequent work has shown that nodules host large quantities of other critical metals needed for high-tech, green-tech, and energy applications (Hein et al., 2013; Hein and Koschinsky, 2014).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of marine geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., 2016, Manganese nodules, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of marine geosciences, p. 408-412.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"412","ipdsId":"IP-049388","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-007-6238-1_26"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe679fe4b0824b2d143719","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Harff, Jan","contributorId":63957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harff","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519981,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Sven","contributorId":76586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"Sven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519982,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thiede, Jorn","contributorId":88085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiede","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519983,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048986,"text":"ofr20121266 - 2016 - Bathymetric terrain model of the Atlantic margin for marine geological investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:47:38.104628","indexId":"ofr20121266","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-03T14:03:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1266","title":"Bathymetric terrain model of the Atlantic margin for marine geological investigations","docAbstract":"<p>A bathymetric terrain model of the Atlantic margin covering almost 725,000 square kilometers of seafloor from the New England Seamounts in the north to the Blake Basin in the south is compiled from existing multibeam bathymetric data for marine geological investigations. Although other terrain models of the same area are extant, they are produced from either satellite-derived bathymetry at coarse resolution (ETOPO1), or use older bathymetric data collected by using a combination of single beam and multibeam sonars (Coastal Relief Model). The new multibeam data used to produce this terrain model have been edited by using hydrographic data processing software to maximize the quality, usability, and cartographic presentation of the combined 100-meter resolution grid. The final grid provides the largest high-resolution, seamless terrain model of the Atlantic margin..</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Andrews, B., Chaytor, J., ten Brink, U., Brothers, D., Gardner, J.V., Lobecker, E.A., and Calder, B.R., 2016, Bathymetric terrain model of the Atlantic margin for marine geological investigations (Originally posted December 3, 2013; Version 2.0: May 25, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1266, Report: vi, 12 p.; 1 Plate: 34 x 44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121266.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 12 p.; 1 Plate: 34 x 44 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042694","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321436,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1266/ofr20121266_plate1.pdf","size":"224 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2012-1266"},{"id":280161,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1266/title_page.html","text":"Title Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2012-1266"},{"id":280162,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121266.GIF"},{"id":280159,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1266/"},{"id":280160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1266/pdf/ofr20121266_v2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2012-1266"},{"id":321437,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1266/versionHist.txt","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2012-1266"}],"projection":"Mercator Projection","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-73.990880318804216, 33.01264651249938], [-76.177520201754476, 33.091051926629071], [-75.698376004295199, 34.511061093644571], [-74.875119155933476, 35.45555931929227], [-74.779290316441632, 37.146980850626349], [-74.522294792349953, 37.547719633955907], [-73.847137059566478, 38.309994493550107], [-73.193758608485723, 38.681660632687567], [-71.600531692308323, 40.026021055247213], [-69.508342808469592, 39.982462491841702], [-69.199077008291354, 40.056512049630946], [-69.107604025140176, 40.296084148360578], [-68.645883253042939, 40.161052601803874], [-68.144959773881169, 40.49209768368479], [-67.535139886205798, 40.422403982236055], [-66.942743423892523, 40.614061661219928], [-65.912845523979058, 41.517915052123776], [-65.276890498260514, 41.160734832199637], [-65.795237402784551, 40.616252789632284], [-65.69505270695214, 40.516068093799888], [-63.020011669307671, 40.487826667598029], [-62.954087379549208, 40.38069969674067], [-64.339510213776634, 39.77339458773816], [-64.213190379900993, 39.564313483392247], [-66.837158239441294, 38.363839475939926], [-67.22047359740867, 37.950033123588796], [-67.758421855465201, 37.826326803517404], [-67.706151579378741, 37.530128572360809], [-70.217302759699066, 37.434299732869007], [-72.491909742100063, 35.603103845332321], [-72.936207088835033, 34.334403118951634], [-73.053815210029597, 34.360538256994865], [-73.990880318804216, 33.01264651249938]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-76.177520201754476, 33.01264651249938, -62.954087379549208, 41.517915052123776], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091982\"}","edition":"Originally posted December 3, 2013; Version 2.0: May 25, 2016","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:WHSC_science_director@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:WHSC_science_director@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center<br> 384 Woods Hole Road<br> Quissett Campus<br> Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598<br> <a href=\"http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/\">http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Common Processing Methods</li><li>Data Catalog</li><li>Map Plate</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Individual Surveys Used as Sources for the Bathymetric Terrain Model for the Atlantic Margin of the United States</li></ul>","revisedDate":"2016-05-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529efd6ee4b01942f4ab8b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Brian D.","contributorId":54180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason D.","contributorId":88637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S.","contributorId":72686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lobecker, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":98651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobecker","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Calder, Brian R.","contributorId":79917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calder","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70173461,"text":"70173461 - 2016 - Detecting temporal change in freshwater fisheries surveys: statistical power and the important linkages between management questions and monitoring objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:38:03","indexId":"70173461","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting temporal change in freshwater fisheries surveys: statistical power and the important linkages between management questions and monitoring objectives","docAbstract":"<p><span>Monitoring to detect temporal trends in biological and habitat indices is a critical component of fisheries management. Thus, it is important that management objectives are linked to monitoring objectives. This linkage requires a definition of what constitutes a management-relevant &ldquo;temporal trend.&rdquo; It is also important to develop expectations for the amount of time required to detect a trend (i.e., statistical power) and for choosing an appropriate statistical model for analysis. We provide an overview of temporal trends commonly encountered in fisheries management, review published studies that evaluated statistical power of long-term trend detection, and illustrate dynamic linear models in a Bayesian context, as an additional analytical approach focused on shorter term change. We show that monitoring programs generally have low statistical power for detecting linear temporal trends and argue that often management should be focused on different definitions of trends, some of which can be better addressed by alternative analytical approaches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2013.799466","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., Irwin, B.J., Bence, J.R., and Daniel B. Hayes, 2016, Detecting temporal change in freshwater fisheries surveys: statistical power and the important linkages between management questions and monitoring objectives: Fisheries, v. 38, no. 7, p. 309-319, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2013.799466.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"319","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038862","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f032e4b04f417c24da47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, Brian J. 0000-0002-0666-2641 bjirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-2641","contributorId":4037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Brian","email":"bjirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bence, James R.","contributorId":171360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bence","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":26875,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Daniel B. Hayes","contributorId":171359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniel B. Hayes","affiliations":[{"id":26875,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70045254,"text":"ds760 - 2016 - Geophysical log database for the Floridan aquifer system and southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama,  and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-22T23:06:15.14091","indexId":"ds760","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"760","title":"Geophysical log database for the Floridan aquifer system and southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama,  and South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>A database of borehole geophysical logs and other types of data files were compiled as part of ongoing studies of water availability and assessment of brackish- and saline-water resources. The database contains 4,883 logs from 1,248 wells in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, and from a limited number of offshore wells of the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The logs can be accessed through a download directory organized by state and county for onshore wells and in a single directory for the offshore wells. A flat file database is provided that lists the wells, their coordinates, and the file listings.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds760","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.J., Raines, J.E., and Lanning, A.E., 2016, Geophysical log database for the Floridan aquifer system and southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, \nand South Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 760, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds760.","productDescription":"Report: v, 12 p.; Geophysical Log Database; List of Wells in Database; List of Files in Database; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/"},{"id":270573,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_WellListRevision1.xls","text":"List of Wells (Excel)","size":"475 KB"},{"id":270570,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/pdf/ds760.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 760"},{"id":270574,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads","text":"State Data Files"},{"id":270575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/images/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":331292,"rank":9,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/versionHist.txt","size":"3.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":331324,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_WellListRevision1.csv","text":"List of Wells (CSV)","size":"189 KB"},{"id":331302,"rank":10,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/Readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":270572,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_FileListRevision1.xls","text":"List of Files (Excel)","size":"1.69 MB"},{"id":331323,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_FileListRevision1.csv","text":"List of Files (CSV)","size":"882 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.0,24.0 ], [ -89.0,34.0 ], [ -79.0,34.0 ], [ -79.0,24.0 ], [ -89.0,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted April 4, 2013; Version 1.1: December 30, 2016","contact":"<p>Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey <br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210 <br> <a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic//\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic//\">http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Geophysical Log Database</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2013-04-04","revisedDate":"2016-12-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515e92f4e4b088aa2258091a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lester J. lesterw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lester","email":"lesterw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raines, Jessica E.","contributorId":17111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanning, Amanda E.","contributorId":61310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176188,"text":"70176188 - 2016 - Unsteady flow in natural compound channel: Experiment and simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T06:44:29","indexId":"70176188","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T12:27:48","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Unsteady flow in natural compound channel: Experiment and simulation","docAbstract":"Phragmites Australis, or common reed, is an invasive plant species that has spread along channels of the Platte River (Nebraska, USA), adversely altering the biogeomorphology of the system. Of particular interest have been the impacts on riparian habitat, specifically the reduction of suitable areas for crane roosting and shorebird nesting. A program for managing and removing these and other invasive plant species has been in place to mitigate these effects. Spraying and mechanical removal of phragmites has been the established practice, but there is interest in evaluating other potential forms of maintenance, in particular the potential of uprooting seedlings using high velocity/high shear flows. For that purpose, in 2010 a high flow experiment was conducted on a return channel to the Platte River that feeds from the Thirty Mile Canal near Brady, Nebraska. As part of the experiment, a 250-meter long reach of the channel was monitored and data were collected for the set-up, testing, and evaluation of numerical models. 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,{"id":70174132,"text":"70174132 - 2016 - Impact of carbon dioxide level, water velocity, and feeding regimen on growth and fillet attributes of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T12:19:16","indexId":"70174132","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Impact of carbon dioxide level, water velocity, and feeding regimen on growth and fillet attributes of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\"><p id=\"sp0005\">Production and management variables such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) level, water velocity, and feeding frequency influence the growth and fillet attributes of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), as well as cost of production. More information is needed to determine the contributions of these variables to growth and fillet attributes to find the right balance between input costs and fish performance. Two studies, of 84 and 90&nbsp;days duration, were conducted to determine the effects of CO<sub>2</sub> level, water velocity, and feed frequency on rainbow trout growth, fillet yield, and fillet quality. In the first study, two CO<sub>2</sub>levels (30 and 49&nbsp;mg/L) and two velocity levels (0.5 and 2.0&nbsp;body lengths/s) were tested. In the second study two CO<sub>2</sub> levels (30 and 49&nbsp;mg/L) and two feeding regimens (fed once daily to satiation or three times daily to satiation) were tested. In the first study, after 84&nbsp;days, fillet weight from high CO<sub>2</sub> tanks was 13.5% lower than the fillet weights of fish from low CO<sub>2</sub> tanks. Percent fat of fillets was higher in low CO<sub>2</sub> fish (<i>P</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.05) after 84&nbsp;days and, fish from the low CO<sub>2</sub> treatment were larger (<i>P</i>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.01). Both studies had similar results in regards to fat content and weight of fillets in response to elevated CO<sub>2</sub>levels. Velocity had little affect on either whole wet weight or fillet attributes of rainbow trout in this study. Muscle tissue contained more (<i>P</i>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.01) fat when fish were fed three times daily (7.3%; day 90) compared to once daily (5.4%; day 90). Also, fish were larger (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05) when fed 3 times per day (1079&nbsp;g; day 90) in comparison to only one daily feeding (792&nbsp;g; day 90). Fish in high feed/high CO<sub>2</sub> tanks were larger and had more fillet fat than fish from low feed/low CO<sub>2</sub> tanks. To maximize rainbow trout growth at aquaculture facilities, management strategies should attempt to keep CO<sub>2</sub> levels below 30&nbsp;mg/L when cost efficient. However, feeding 2–3 times daily should reduce production losses if CO<sub>2</sub> cannot be minimized. The effect of strain and velocity were minimal over the range we tested in comparison to the effects of CO<sub>2</sub> and feeding regimen.</p></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture ","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.020","usgsCitation":"Mazik, P.M., Mazik, P.M., Kenney, P., and Silverstein, J., 2016, Impact of carbon dioxide level, water velocity, and feeding regimen on growth and fillet attributes of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), chap. <i>of</i> Aquaculture , v. 350-353, p. 46-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.020.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"46","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-030701","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"350-353","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585268e2e4b0e2663625ec8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazik, P. M.","contributorId":14185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kenney, P. B.","contributorId":18165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"P. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silverstein, J.T","contributorId":177461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silverstein","given":"J.T","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038143,"text":"ds669 - 2016 - Tabulated Transmissivity and Storage Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida and Parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:57:07","indexId":"ds669","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"669","title":"Tabulated Transmissivity and Storage Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida and Parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","docAbstract":"<p>A goal of the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program is to assess the availability of fresh water within each of the principal aquifers in the United States with the greatest groundwater withdrawals. The Floridan aquifer system (FAS), which covers an area of approximately 100,000 square miles in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina, is one such principal aquifer, having the fifth largest groundwater withdrawals in the Nation, totaling 3.64 billion gallons per day in 2000. Compilation of FAS hydraulic properties is critical to the development and calibration of groundwater flow models that can be used to develop water budgets spatially and temporally, as well as to evaluate resource changes over time. Wells with aquifer test data were identified as Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA), Lower Floridan aquifer (LFA), Floridan aquifer system (FAS, Upper Floridan with some middle and/or Lower Floridan), or middle Floridan confining unit (MCU), based on the identification from the original database or report description, or comparison of the open interval of the well with previously published maps.</p><p>This report consolidates aquifer hydraulic property data obtained from multiple databases and reports of the U.S. Geological Survey, various State agencies, and the Water Management Districts of Florida, that are compiled into tables to provide a single information source for transmissivity and storage properties of the FAS as of October 2011. Transmissivity calculated from aquifer pumping tests and specific-capacity data are included. Values for transmissivity and storage coefficients are intended for use in regional or sub regional groundwater flow models; thus, any tests (aquifer pumping tests and specific capacity data) that were conducted with packers or for open intervals less than 30 feet in length are excluded from the summary statistics and tables of this report, but are included in the database.</p><p>The transmissivity distribution from the aquifer pumping tests is highly variable. The transmissivity based on aquifer pumping tests (from 1,045 values for the UFA and FAS) ranges from 8 to about 9,300,000 square feet per day (ft<sup>2</sup>/d) and values of storage coefficient (646 reported) range from 3x10<sup>-9</sup> to 0.41. The 64 transmissivity values for the LFA range from about 130 to 4,500,000 ft<sup>2</sup>/d, and the 17 storage coefficient values range from 7x10<sup>-8</sup> to 0.03. The 14 transmissivity values for the MCU range from 1 to about 600,000 ft<sup>2</sup>/d and the 10 storage coefficient values range from 8x10<sup>-8</sup> to 0.03. Transmissivity estimates for the UFA and FAS for 442 specific capacity tests range from approximately 200 to 1,000,000 ft<sup>2</sup>/d.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds669","collaboration":"Product of the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Bellino, J.C., 2016, Tabulated transmissivity and storage properties of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama (ver. 1.1, May 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 669, 37 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.; Appendix; 2 Tables; Table 1: 17 inches x 11 inches, Table 2: 17 inches x 11 inches; DS699 FAS AQT DS zip file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321206,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/tables/ds669_table1-v1.1.pdf","text":"Table 1 - Transmissivity and storage coefficients from aquifer pumping tests ","size":"321 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":321207,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/tables/ds669_table1-v1.1.xls","text":"Table 1 - Excel ","size":"355 KB xls","description":"DS 669"},{"id":321208,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/tables/ds669_table2-v1.1.pdf","text":"Table 2 -Transmissivity estimates from specific capacity data","size":"157 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":321209,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/tables/ds669_table2-v1.1.xls","text":"Table 2 - Excel ","size":"132 KB xls","description":"DS 669"},{"id":321211,"rank":8,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/DS669_v1.1FAS_AQT_DATA_04192016.zip","text":"Aquifer Data","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":321205,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/versionHist.txt","size":"3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":254562,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":254564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,25 ], [ -90,34 ], [ -79.5,34 ], [ -79.5,25 ], [ -90,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1 May 13, 2016","contact":"<p>Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Surveyr<br> 4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108r<br> Lutz, FL 33559r<br> Telephone: (813) 498–5000r<br> <a href=\"http://fl.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://fl.water.usgs.gov/\">http://fl.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Summary Statistics</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2012-04-19","revisedDate":"2016-05-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3a5e4b08c986b31fdbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178484,"text":"70178484 - 2016 - Integrated water flow model and modflow-farm process: A comparison of theory, approaches, and features of two integrated hydrologic models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T16:50:28","indexId":"70178484","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5239,"text":"California Natural Resources Agency","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Integrated water flow model and modflow-farm process: A comparison of theory, approaches, and features of two integrated hydrologic models","docAbstract":"Effective modeling of conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources requires simulation of land use-based root zone and surface flow processes as well as groundwater flows, streamflows, and their interactions. Recently, two computer models developed for this purpose, the Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM) from the California Department of Water Resources and the MODFLOW with Farm Process (MF-FMP) from the US Geological Survey, have been applied to complex basins such as the Central Valley of California. As both IWFM and MFFMP are publicly available for download and can be applied to other basins, there is a need to objectively compare the main approaches and features used in both models. This paper compares the concepts, as well as the method and simulation features of each hydrologic model pertaining to groundwater, surface water, and landscape processes. The comparison is focused on the integrated simulation of water demand and supply, water use, and the flow between coupled hydrologic processes. The differences in the capabilities and features of these two models could affect the outcome and types of water resource problems that can be simulated.","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Water Resources","collaboration":"California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Dogrul, E.C., Schmid, W., Hanson, R.T., Kadir, T., and Chung, F., 2016, Integrated water flow model and modflow-farm process: A comparison of theory, approaches, and features of two integrated hydrologic models: California Natural Resources Agency, i-ix, 70 p. .","productDescription":"i-ix, 70 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-014776","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331154,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://baydeltaoffice.water.ca.gov/modeling/hydrology/IWFM/Publications/downloadables/Reports/IWFM%20and%20MF-FMP%20TIR-1%20(DWR-USGS%20Nov2011).pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58590009e4b03639a6025e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dogrul, Emin C.","contributorId":177560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dogrul","given":"Emin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kadir, Tariq","contributorId":26208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadir","given":"Tariq","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chung, Francis","contributorId":54488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005430,"text":"sir20115136 - 2016 - Determination of dilution factors for discharge of aluminum-containing wastes by public water-supply treatment facilities into lakes and reservoirs in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T15:28:13","indexId":"sir20115136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5136","title":"Determination of dilution factors for discharge of aluminum-containing wastes by public water-supply treatment facilities into lakes and reservoirs in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>Dilution of aluminum discharged to reservoirs in filter-backwash effluents at water-treatment facilities in Massachusetts was investigated by a field study and computer simulation. Determination of dilution is needed so that permits for discharge ensure compliance with water-quality standards for aquatic life. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic standard for aluminum, 87 micrograms per liter (μg/L), rather than the acute standard, 750 μg/L, was used in this investigation because the time scales of chronic exposure (days) more nearly match rates of change in reservoir concentrations than do the time scales of acute exposure (hours).</p><p>Whereas dilution factors are routinely computed for effluents discharged to streams solely on the basis of flow of the effluent and flow of the receiving stream, dilution determination for effluents discharged to reservoirs is more complex because (1), compared to streams, additional water is available for dilution in reservoirs during low flows as a result of reservoir flushing and storage during higher flows, and (2) aluminum removal in reservoirs occurs by aluminum sedimentation during the residence time of water in the reservoir. Possible resuspension of settled aluminum was not considered in this investigation. An additional concern for setting discharge standards is the substantial concentration of aluminum that can be naturally present in ambient surface waters, usually in association with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which can bind aluminum and keep it in solution.</p><p>A method for dilution determination was developed using a mass-balance equation for aluminum and considering sources of aluminum from groundwater, surface water, and filter-backwash effluents and losses caused by sedimentation, water withdrawal, and spill discharge from the reservoir. The method was applied to 13 reservoirs. Data on aluminum and DOC concentrations in reservoirs and influent water were collected during the fall of 2009. Complete reservoir volume was determined to be available for mixing on the basis of vertical and horizontal aluminum-concentration profiling. Losses caused by settling of aluminum were assumed to be proportional to aluminum concentration and reservoir area. The constant of proportionality, as a function of DOC concentration, was established by simulations in each of five reservoirs that differed in DOC concentration.</p><p>In addition to computing dilution factors, the project determined dilution factors that would be protective with the same statistical basis (frequency of exceedance of the chronic standard) as dilutions computed for streams at the 7-day-average 10-year-recurrence annual low flow (the 7Q10). Low-flow dilutions are used for permitting so that receiving waters are protected even at the worst-case flow levels. The low-flow dilution factors that give the same statistical protection are the lowest annual 7-day-average dilution factors with a recurrence of 10 years, termed 7DF10s. Determination of 7DF10 values for reservoirs required that long periods of record be simulated so that dilution statistics could be determined. Dilution statistics were simulated for 13 reservoirs from 1960 to 2004 using U.S. Geological Survey Firm-Yield Estimator software to model reservoir inputs and outputs and present-day values of filter-effluent discharge and aluminum concentration.</p><p>Computed settling velocities ranged from 0 centimeters per day (cm/d) at DOC concentrations of 15.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L) to 21.5 cm/d at DOC concentrations of 2.7 mg/L. The 7DF10 values were a function of aluminum effluent discharged. At current (2009) effluent discharge rates, the 7DF10 values varied from 1.8 to 115 among the 13 reservoirs. In most cases, the present-day (2009) discharge resulted in receiving water concentrations that did not exceed the standard at the 7DF10. Exceptions were one reservoir with a very small area and three reservoirs with high concentrations of DOC. Maximum permissible discharges were determined for water-treatment plants by adjusting discharges upward in simulations until the 7DF10 resulted in reservoir concentrations that just met the standard. In terms of aluminum flux, these discharges ranged from 0 to 28 kilograms of aluminum per day.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., Massey, A.J., and Levin, S.B., 2016, Determination of dilution factors for discharge of aluminum-containing wastes by public water-supply treatment facilities into lakes and reservoirs in Massachusetts (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5136, 36 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5136.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science 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 \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted September 16, 2011; Version 1.1: December 30, 2016","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ma@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ma@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 10 Bearfoot Road<br> Northborough, MA 01532<br> (508) 490-5000<br> <a href=\"http://ma.water.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"http://ma.water.usgs.gov\">http://ma.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","publishedDate":"2011-09-16","revisedDate":"2016-12-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6677d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massey, Andrew J. 0000-0003-3995-8657 ajmassey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-8657","contributorId":1862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Andrew","email":"ajmassey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Sara L.","contributorId":89240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179395,"text":"70179395 - 2016 - Wildfire, climate, and invasive grass interactions negatively impact an indicator species by reshaping sagebrush ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-25T12:32:52","indexId":"70179395","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire, climate, and invasive grass interactions negatively impact an indicator species by reshaping sagebrush ecosystems","docAbstract":"Iconic sagebrush ecosystems of the American West are threatened by larger and more frequent wildfires that can kill sagebrush and facilitate invasion by annual grasses, creating a cycle that alters sagebrush ecosystem recovery post disturbance. Thwarting this accelerated grass–fire cycle is at the forefront of current national conservation efforts, yet its impacts on wildlife populations inhabiting these ecosystems have not been quantified rigorously. Within a Bayesian framework, we modeled 30 y of wildfire and climatic effects on population rates of change of a sagebrush-obligate species, the greater sage-grouse, across the Great Basin of western North America. Importantly, our modeling also accounted for variation in sagebrush recovery time post fire as determined by underlying soil properties that influence ecosystem resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasion. Our results demonstrate that the cumulative loss of sagebrush to direct and indirect effects of wildfire has contributed strongly to declining sage-grouse populations over the past 30 y at large spatial scales. Moreover, long-lasting effects from wildfire nullified pulses of sage-grouse population growth that typically follow years of higher precipitation. If wildfire trends continue unabated, model projections indicate sage-grouse populations will be reduced to 43% of their current numbers over the next three decades. Our results provide a timely example of how altered fire regimes are disrupting recovery of sagebrush ecosystems and leading to substantial declines of a widespread indicator species. Accordingly, we present scenario-based stochastic projections to inform conservation actions that may help offset the adverse effects of wildfire on sage-grouse and other wildlife populations.","language":"English","publisher":"HighWire Press","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1606898113","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Ricca, M.A., Prochazka, B.G., Brooks, M.L., Doherty, K., Kroger, T., Blomberg, E.J., Hagen, C.A., and Casazza, M.L., 2016, Wildfire, climate, and invasive grass interactions negatively impact an indicator species by reshaping sagebrush ecosystems: PNAS, v. 113, no. 45, p. 12745-12750, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606898113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"12745","endPage":"12750","ipdsId":"IP-078711","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606898113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586781f9e4b0cd2dabe7c71f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A. 0000-0003-1576-513X mark_ricca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-513X","contributorId":139103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark","email":"mark_ricca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prochazka, Brian G. 0000-0001-7270-5550 bprochazka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-5550","contributorId":174839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prochazka","given":"Brian","email":"bprochazka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doherty, Kevin E.","contributorId":177793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Kevin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kroger, Travis 0000-0002-4168-6323 tkroger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-6323","contributorId":177794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroger","given":"Travis","email":"tkroger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blomberg, Erik J.","contributorId":17543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blomberg","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hagen, Christian A.","contributorId":177795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagen","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":75513,"text":"sir20055289 - 2016 - Development and evaluation of clear-water pier and contraction scour envelope curves in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces of South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T08:57:09","indexId":"sir20055289","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5289","title":"Development and evaluation of clear-water pier and contraction scour envelope curves in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces of South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation collected clear-water pier- and contraction-scour data at 116 bridges in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces of South Carolina. Pier-scour depths collected in both provinces ranged from 0 to 8.0 feet. Contraction-scour depths collected in the Coastal Plain ranged from 0 to 3.9 feet. Using hydraulic data estimated with a one-dimensional flow model, predicted clear-water scour depths were computed with scour equations from the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 and compared with measured scour. This comparison indicated that predicted clear-water scour depths, in general, exceeded measured scour depths and at times were excessive. Predicted clear-water contraction scour, however, was underpredicted approximately 30 percent of the time by as much as 7.1 feet. </p><p>The investigation focused on clear-water pier scour, comparing trends in the laboratory and field data. This comparison indicated that the range of dimensionless variables (relative depth, flow intensity, relative grain size) used in laboratory investigations of pier scour, were similar to the range for field data in South Carolina, further indicating that laboratory relations may have some applicability to field conditions in South Carolina. Variables determined to be important in developing pier scour in laboratory studies were investigated to understand their influence on the South Carolina field data, and many of these variables appeared to be insignificant under field conditions in South Carolina. The strongest explanatory variables were pier width and approach velocity. Envelope curves developed from the field data are useful tools for evaluating reasonable ranges of clear-water pier and contraction scour in South Carolina. A modified version of the Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 pier-scour equation also was developed as a tool for evaluating clearwater pier scour. The envelope curves and modified equation offer an improvement over the current methods for predicting clear-water scour in South Carolina. </p><p>Data from this study were compiled into a database that includes photographs, measured scour depths, predicted scour depths, limited basin characteristics, limited soil data, and modeled hydraulic data. The South Carolina database can be used to compare studied sites with unstudied sites to evaluate the potential for scour at the unstudied sites. In addition, the database can be used to evaluate the performance of various methods for predicting clear-water pier and contraction scour.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055289","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportaton","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., and Caldwell, A.W., 2016, Development and evaluation of clear-water pier and contraction scour envelope curves in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces of South Carolina (Version 1.0: Originally posted 2006; Version 1.1: August 31, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5289, Report: x, 98 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055289.","productDescription":"Report: x, 98 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted 2006; Version 1.1: August 31, 2016","contact":"<p>South Carolina Water Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br />720 Gracern Road<br /> Stephenson Center, Suite 129<br /> Columbia, SC 29210<br /> <a href=\"http://sc.water.usgs.gov/\">http://sc.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Approach</li>\n<li>Data Collection</li>\n<li>Development of the Predicted Bridge-Scour Database</li>\n<li>Development of the South Carolina Pier-Scour Envelope Curve</li>\n<li>Evaluation of Selected Methods for Predicting Clear-Water Pier Scour in South Carolina</li>\n<li>Guidance for Evaluating Pier-Scour Depth in South Carolina</li>\n<li>Development of the South Carolina Clear-Water Contraction-Scour Envelope Curves</li>\n<li>The South Carolina Clear-Water Pier- and Contraction-Scour Database</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>Selected References</li>\n<li>Appendix 1</li>\n<li>Appendix 2</li>\n</ul>","revisedDate":"2016-08-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66728f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175163,"text":"ds383 - 2016 - National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T12:12:14","indexId":"ds383","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-06T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"383","title":"National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01)","docAbstract":"<p>This 30-meter data set represents land use and land cover for the conterminous United States for the 2001 time period. The data have been arranged into four tiles to facilitate timely display and manipulation within a Geographic Information System (see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nlcd01-partition.jpg). The National Land Cover Data Set for 2001 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of Federal agencies (http://www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land Cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution. For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer and others (2004), (see: http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp). The NLCD 2001 was created by partitioning the United States into mapping zones. A total of 68 mapping zones (see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nlcd01-mappingzones.jpg), were delineated within the conterminous United States based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge-matching features, and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics. Mapping zones encompass the whole or parts of several states. Questions about the NLCD mapping zones can be directed to the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Mapping Team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ds383","usgsCitation":"LaMotte, A.E., 2016, National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 383, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds383.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009439","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325941,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/nlcd01_1.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n     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,{"id":50958,"text":"wri034064 - 2016 - Clear-water abutment and contraction scour in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces of South Carolina, 1996-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T09:25:23","indexId":"wri034064","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4064","title":"Clear-water abutment and contraction scour in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces of South Carolina, 1996-99","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, collected observations of clear-water aburment and contraction scour at 146 bridges in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont of South Carolina. Scour depths ranged from 0 to 23.6 feet. Theoretical scour depths were computed at each bridge and compared with observed scour. This comparison showed that theoretical scour depths, in general, exceeded the observed scour depths and often were excessive. A comparison of field data with dimensionless relations for laboratory data showed that the range of dimensionless variables used in laboratory investigations was outside of the range for field data in South Carolina, suggesting laboratory relations may not be applicable to field conditions in South Carolina. Variables determined to be important in developing scour within laboratory studies were investigated to understand their influence within the South Carolina field data, and many of these variables appeared to be insignificant under field conditions found in South Carolina. The strongest explanatory variables were embankment length, geometric-contraction ratio, approach velocity, and soil cohesion. Envelope curves developed with the field data are useful tools for assessing reasonable ranges of scour depth in South Carolina. These tools are simple to apply and are an improvement over the current methods for predicting theoretical scour.</p>\n<p>Data from this study have been compiled into a database that includes photographs, figures, observed scour depths, theoretical scour depths, limited basin characteristics, limited soil data, and theoretical hydraulic data. The database can be used to compare studied sites with unstudied sites to assess the potential for scour at the unstudied sites. In addition, the database can be used to assess the performance of various theoretical methods for predicting clear-water abutment and contraction scour.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., 2016, Clear-water abutment and contraction scour in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces of South Carolina, 1996-99 (Version 1.0: Originally posted in 2003; Version 1.1: August 31, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4064, Report: x, 137 p.; Appendix A; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034064.","productDescription":"Report: x, 137 p.; Appendix A; Database","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted in 2003; Version 1.1: August 31, 2016","contact":"<p>Director, South Carolina Water Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> 720 Gracern Road<br /> Stephenson Center, Suite 129<br /> Columbia, SC 29210<br /> <a href=\"http://sc.water.usgs.gov/\">http://sc.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Data Assumptions</li>\n<li>Site Selection</li>\n<li>Techniques for the Collection and Interpretation of Field Data</li>\n<li>Estimating Hydraulic Data.</li>\n<li>Development of Theoretical Bridge-Scour Database</li>\n<li>Variables Influencing Abutment Scour</li>\n<li>Abutment Scour in the Piedmont</li>\n<li>Abutment Scour in the Coastal Plain</li>\n<li>Effect of Upstream Channel Alignment on Abutment Scour</li>\n<li>Guidance for Assessing Abutment-Scour Depth Using the Envelope Curves</li>\n<li>Guidance for Assessing Abutment-Scour Hole Location, Width, and Shape</li>\n<li>Clear-Water Contraction Scour in the Piedmont</li>\n<li>The South Carolina Bridge-Scour Database</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>Selected References</li>\n<li>Appendix A: Explanation of Variables in the South Carolina Bridge-Scour Database</li>\n<li>Appendix B: South Carolina Bridge-Scour Study Sites and Reference Numbers for Figures 1, 5, and 6.</li>\n</ul>","revisedDate":"2016-08-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8373,"text":"ofr83788 - 2016 - Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-30T10:29:56","indexId":"ofr83788","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-788","title":"Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>The Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Saudi Arabia cover about 90,000 km<sup>2</sup>, one of the largest areas of alkali olivine basalt in the world. These volcanic rocks are in 13 separate fields near the eastern coast of the Red Sea and in the western Arabian Peninsula highlands from Syria southward to the Yemen Arab Republic.</p>\n<p>The initial phase of rifting of the Arabian Plate from the African Plate began as a wide zone of continental-crust extension manifested by basin and range topography. Freshwater lakes, northwest-trending marine gulfs, and alkali olivine basalt flows occupied these basins. Extensive dike swarms intruded parallel to the proto-Red Sea and marked the first phase of new mafic crust formed by volcanic processes. After a hiatus in volcanic activity, counterclockwise rotation of the Arabian Plate during middle Miocene time changed the stress pattern in the plate and a second phase of extrusion of alkali olivine basalt commenced along north-trending fractures. This stress pattern continues to influence Holocene volcanism.</p>\n<p>The earliest (pre-uplift) basalts to erupt on the Arabian Plate were predominantly undersaturated picrite and ankaramite, whereas those to erupt near the axis of the proto-Red Sea rift zone were tholeiite. The within-plate volcanic rocks evolved from picrite-ankaramite to alkali olivine basalt with minor volumes of fractionated, undersaturated felsic rocks. Continued crustal thinning and dike intrusion along the proto-Red Sea were accompanied by melting of the continental crust to produce silicic magma as part of a bimodal volcanic suite (tholeiite-rhyolite). These magmas were emplaced as dikes, sills, layered bodies, and flows that mark the early construction of the Red Sea crust. Second-phase lavas are predominantly fractionated hawaiites and alkali olivine basalts. Because undersaturated and oversaturated silicic magmas represent the second phase of activity, both fractional crystallization of the basaltic magma and melting of the crust are believed to have occurred.</p>\n<p>The historical record of volcanic activity in Saudi Arabia suggests that volcanism is dormant. The harrats should be evaluated for their potential as volcanic hazards and as sources of geothermal energy. The volcanic rocks are natural traps for groundwater; thus water resources for agriculture may be significant and should be investigated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr83788","usgsCitation":"Coleman, R.G., Gregory, R.T., and Brown, G.F., 2016, Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-788, iii, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83788.","productDescription":"iii, 86 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":35955,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0788/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0788/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0788/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":324557,"rank":4,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0788/ofr83788_erratum-june282016.txt","text":"Erratum","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Acknowledgements</li><li>Volcanic Fields of Saudi Arabia</li><li>Structural Setting</li><li>Age</li><li>Petrography</li><li>Chemical Petrology</li><li>Petrogenesis</li><li>Volcanic Hazards</li><li>Groundwater Potential</li><li>Geothermal Potential</li><li>Summary and Recommendations</li><li>Data Storage</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e69de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, R. G.","contributorId":75170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregory, R. T.","contributorId":101394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregory","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Glen F.","contributorId":23943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70141846,"text":"ofr20151021 - 2015 - GIS-Based Identification of Areas with Mineral Resource Potential for Six Selected Deposit Groups, Bureau of Land Management Central Yukon Planning Area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-15T07:25:06","indexId":"ofr20151021","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-15T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1021","displayTitle":"GIS-based identification of areas with mineral resource potential for six selected deposit groups, Bureau of Land Management Central Yukon Planning Area, Alaska","title":"GIS-Based Identification of Areas with Mineral Resource Potential for Six Selected Deposit Groups, Bureau of Land Management Central Yukon Planning Area, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This study, covering the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Central Yukon Planning Area (CYPA), Alaska, was prepared to aid BLM mineral resource management planning. Estimated mineral resource potential and certainty are mapped for six selected mineral deposit groups: (1) rare earth element (REE) deposits associated with peralkaline to carbonatitic intrusive igneous rocks, (2) placer and paleoplacer gold, (3) platinum group element (PGE) deposits associated with mafic and ultramafic intrusive igneous rocks, (4) carbonate-hosted copper deposits, (5) sandstone uranium deposits, and (6) tin-tungsten-molybdenum-fluorspar deposits associated with specialized granites. These six deposit groups include most of the strategic and critical elements of greatest interest in current exploration.</p>\n<p>This study has used a data-driven, geographic information system (GIS)-based method for evaluating the mineral resource potential across the large region of the CYPA. This method systematically and simultaneously analyzes geoscience data from multiple geospatially referenced datasets and uses individual subwatersheds (12-digit hydrologic unit codes or HUCs) as the spatial unit of classification. The final map output indicates an estimated potential (high, medium, low) for a given mineral deposit group and indicates the certainty (high, medium, low) of that estimate for any given subwatershed (HUC). Accompanying tables describe the data layers used in each analysis, the values assigned for specific analysis parameters, and the relative weighting of each data layer that contributes to the estimated potential and certainty determinations. Core datasets used include the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Geochemical Database (AGDB2), the Alaska Division of Geologic and Geophysical Surveys Web-based geochemical database, data from an anticipated USGS geologic map of Alaska, and the USGS Alaska Resource Data File. Map plates accompanying this report illustrate the mineral prospectivity for the six deposit groups across the CYPA and estimates of mineral resource potential. There are numerous areas, some of them large, rated with high potential for one or more of the selected deposit groups within the CYPA.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.V., III, Karl, S.M., Labay, K.A., Shew, N.B., Granitto, M., Hayes, T.S., Mauk, J.L., Schmidt, J.M., Todd, E., Wang, B., Werdon, M.B., and Yager, D.B., 2015, GIS-based identification of areas with mineral resource potential for six selected deposit groups, Bureau of Land Management Central Yukon Planning Area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1021, 78 p., 5 appendixes, 12 pls., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151021.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 78 p.; 12 Plates: 11 inches x 16.3 inches; Metadata; 5 Appendices","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056688","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371212,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021_appxD.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"17.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":" - Lithology keyword search terms for an anticipated U.S. Geological Survey geologic map of Alaska."},{"id":371213,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021_appxE.zip","text":"Appendix E","size":"411 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":" - Scoring results for HUC analysis of selected deposit groups (folder containing Excel spreadsheet and geospatial data files)"},{"id":371214,"rank":9,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021.zip","text":"Complete data package","size":"451 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":" - A single ZIP file that contains the report, appendixes, metadata and plates."},{"id":371215,"rank":10,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021_meta.txt","size":"83.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":371211,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021_appxC.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"38.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":" - Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) mineral deposit keyword and scoring templates."},{"id":371191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":371192,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1021"},{"id":371210,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021_appxB.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"138 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":" - Igneous rock geochemistry peer-reviewed literature sources."},{"id":371208,"rank":11,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021_metadatafaq.pdf","text":"Metadata FAQ","size":"243 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":371209,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021_appxE.zip","text":"Appendix A","size":"28.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":" - Stream-sediment geochemistry summary statistics and percentile cutoffs."},{"id":371207,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1021/ofr20151021_plates.pdf","text":"Plates 1-12","size":"39.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":" - A single PDF file that contains the 12 plates not included in the report."}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Central Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.05859375,\n              62.431074232920906\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.05859375,\n              71.1877539181316\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.328125,\n              71.1877539181316\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.328125,\n              62.431074232920906\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.05859375,\n              62.431074232920906\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/asc/connect\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/asc/connect\">Alaska Science Center staff</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>4210 University Dr.<br>Anchorage, AK 99508<br><br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/asc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/asc\">Alaska Science Center</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Deposit Group Characteristics</li><li>Datasets</li><li>GIS-Based Methodology and Results by Deposit Group</li><li>Summary</li><li>Data Resources</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-02-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f1953be4b02419550ceac4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, James V. 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,{"id":70148416,"text":"fs20113009(VERSION2.0) - 2015 - Scanning and georeferencing historical USGS quadrangles (ver. 2.0, May 2015)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T09:14:32","indexId":"fs20113009(VERSION2.0)","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3009","chapter":"(version 2.0)","title":"Scanning and georeferencing historical USGS quadrangles (ver. 2.0, May 2015)","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Geospatial Program is scanning published USGS 1:250,000-scale and larger topographic maps printed between 1884, the inception of the topographic mapping program, and 2006. The goal of this scanning, which started in 2011, is to provide a digital repository of USGS topographic maps, available to the public at no cost. For more than 125 years, the USGS topographic maps have accurately portrayed the complex geography of the Nation. The USGS is the Nation&rsquo;s largest producer of printed topographic maps, and, prior to 2006, USGS topographic maps were created using traditional cartographic methods and printed using a lithographic process. As the USGS continues release of a new generation of topographic maps (US Topo) in electronic form, the topographic map remains an indispensable tool for government, science, industry, land management planning, and leisure.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113009(VERSION2.0)","collaboration":"Historical Topographic Map Collection","usgsCitation":"Davis, L.R., and Carswell, W., 2015, Scanning and georeferencing historical USGS quadrangles (ver. 2.0, May 2015) (2): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3009, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113009(VERSION2.0).","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062257","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307983,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3009/","text":"USGS Index page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":307980,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3009/pdf/fs2011-3009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"514 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6f8e4b058f706e53e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Larry R. 0000-0003-2479-7432 lrdavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2479-7432","contributorId":4655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Larry","email":"lrdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":140026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156881,"text":"sir20155123 - 2015 - The Moloka‘i coral reef today, and alternatives for the future: Summary in <i>The coral reef of south Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i—Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-16T14:04:12","indexId":"sir20155123","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5123","title":"The Moloka‘i coral reef today, and alternatives for the future: Summary in <i>The coral reef of south Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i—Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef</i>","docAbstract":"<p>From the contributions collected in this publication have emerged two important observations that have significance locally, nationally, and internationally. First, the fringing coral reef along the south coast of Moloka'i is one of the most extensive and luxuriant reefs in the eight main Hawaiian Islands. It is longer and more continuous and has denser coral cover than reefs at any of the other islands&mdash;this alone makes it a state and national treasure worthy of study and protection. The second observation is more sobering: sections of the south Moloka'i reef have been damaged in the past by sedimentation ultimately caused by human activities in adjacent watersheds. Although some of those activities are no longer taking place, their lingering effects are still being felt in the form of excess sediment runoff. We here review the basis for each of these observations, discuss how sedimentation affects the reef, and summarize the choices that are faced by the people of Moloka'i and the State of Hawai'i with regard to the reef&rsquo;s future.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The coral reef of south Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i—Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef (Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5101)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155123","usgsCitation":"Field, M.E., Cochran, S.A., Logan, J.B., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2015, The Moloka‘i coral reef today, and alternatives for the future: Summary in <i>The coral reef of south Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i—Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5123, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155123.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"170","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-005503","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307771,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5101/sir2007-5101_summary.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai‘i","county":"Moloka‘i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.7762756347656,\n              21.21514025408941\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.89712524414062,\n              21.20105715553566\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.02621459960935,\n    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cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148551,"text":"sir20155080 - 2015 - Surface-water quality in agricultural watersheds of the North Carolina Coastal Plain associated with concentrated animal feeding operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T08:57:12","indexId":"sir20155080","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-13T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5080","title":"Surface-water quality in agricultural watersheds of the North Carolina Coastal Plain associated with concentrated animal feeding operations","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) on water quality were investigated at 54 agricultural stream sites throughout the North Carolina Coastal Plain during 2012 and 2013. Three general watershed land-use types were examined during the study, including 18 background watersheds with no active CAFOs (BK sites), 18 watersheds with one or more active swine CAFOs but no poultry CAFOs (SW sites), and 18 watersheds with at least one active swine CAFO and one active dry-litter poultry CAFO (SP sites). The watershed drainage areas for these 54 stream sites ranged from 1.2 to 17.5 square miles. Conventional fertilizers used for crop production are the primary source of nutrients at the BK sites. Animal-waste manures represent an additional source of nutrients at the SW and SP study sites.</p>\n<p>Land cover, soil drainage, and CAFO attributes were compiled for each watershed. Water-quality field measurements were made and samples were collected at the 54 primary sites during 6 bimonthly sampling periods from June 2012 to April 2013. An additional 23 secondary sites were sampled once during April 2013 to provide supplemental data at stream locations directly adjacent or in close proximity to swine CAFOs and (or) background agricultural areas within 9 of the primary watersheds. The watershed drainage areas for the 23 secondary sites ranged from 0.2 to 8.9 square miles. Water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved-oxygen concentration, and pH were measured directly in the streams. Water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and stable isotopes, including delta hydrogen-2 (&delta;<sup>2</sup>H) and delta oxygen-18 (&delta;<sup>18</sup>O) of water and delta nitrogen-15 (&delta;<sup>15</sup>N) and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O of dissolved nitrate plus nitrite.</p>\n<p>Most of the water-quality properties and constituents varied significantly among the six sampling periods, changing both seasonally and in response to hydrologic conditions. The differences noted among the sampling periods indicate that the interactions between seasonal climatic differences, streamflow conditions, and instream biotic and abiotic processes are complex and their integrated effects can have varying degrees of influence on individual nutrients.</p>\n<p>Water-quality differences were noted for the SW and SP land-use groups relative to the BK group. Median values of specific conductance, several major ions (magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride), and nitrogen fractions (ammonia plus organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate plus nitrite, total nitrogen, and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N of nitrate plus nitrite) were higher for the SW and SP groups compared to the BK group. No significant differences in water temperature, dissolved oxygen, calcium, total organic nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus, or &delta;<sup>18</sup>O of nitrate plus nitrite were noted among the land-use groups. When compared on the basis of land-use type, there was an overall measurable effect of CAFO waste manures on stream water quality for the SW and SP watershed groups.</p>\n<p>Some individual sites within the SW and SP groups showed no measurable CAFO effects on water quality despite having CAFOs present upstream. An evaluation of sodium plus potassium concentrations coupled with &delta;<sup>15</sup>N values of nitrate plus nitrite proved valuable for distinguishing which SW and SP sites had a water-quality signature indicative of CAFO waste manures. Sites with CAFO manure effects were characterized by higher sodium plus potassium concentrations (commonly between 11 and 33 milligrams per liter) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N values of nitrate plus nitrite (commonly between 11 and 26 parts per thousand) relative to sites reflecting background agricultural conditions, which commonly had sodium plus potassium concentrations between 6 and 14 milligrams per liter and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N values of nitrate plus nitrite between 6 and 15 parts per thousand. On the basis of the results of this study, land applications of waste manure at swine CAFOs influenced ion and nutrient chemistry in many of the North Carolina Coastal Plain streams that were studied.</p>\n<p>A classification tree model was developed to examine relations of watershed environmental attributes among the study sites with and without CAFO manure effects. Model results indicated that variations in swine barn density, percentage of wetlands, and total acres available for applying swine-waste manures had an important influence on those watersheds where CAFO effects on water quality were either evident or mitigated. Measurable effects of CAFO waste manures on stream water quality were most evident in those SW and SP watersheds having lower percentages of wetlands combined with higher swine barn densities and (or) higher total acres available for applying waste manure at the swine CAFOs. Stream water quality was similar to background agricultural conditions in SW and SP watersheds with lower swine barn densities coupled with higher percentages of wetlands or lower acres available for swine manure applications. The model provides a useful tool for exploring and identifying similar, unmonitored watersheds in the North Carolina Coastal Plain with potential CAFO manure influences on water quality that might warrant further examination.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155080","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., 2015, Surface-water quality in agricultural watersheds of the North Carolina Coastal Plain associated with concentrated animal feeding operations: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5080, Report: ix, 55 p.; 7 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155080.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 55 p.; 7 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jcstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-3703","contributorId":5634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jessica","email":"jcstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corum, M.D. 0000-0002-9038-3935 mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loss, Scott R.","contributorId":140471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loss","given":"Scott 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douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Heist, Kevin W.","contributorId":83040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heist","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70203706,"text":"70203706 - 2015 - Effects of simple acid leaching of crushed and powdered geological materials on high-precision Pb isotope analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T13:13:47","indexId":"70203706","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-28T11:04:44","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of simple acid leaching of crushed and powdered geological materials on high-precision Pb isotope analyses","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present new results of simple acid leaching experiments on the Pb isotope composition of USGS standard reference material powders and on ocean island basalt whole rock splits and powders. Rock samples were leached with cold 6&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;HCl in an ultrasonic bath, then on a hot plate, and washed with ultrapure H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O before sample digestion in HF‐HNO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and chromatographic purification of Pb. Lead isotope analyses were measured by Tl‐doped MC‐ICPMS. Intrasession and intersession analytical reproducibilities of repeated analyses of both synthetic Pb solutions and Pb from single digests of chemically processed natural samples were generally better than 100 ppm (2 SD). The comparison of leached and unleached samples shows that leaching consistently removes variable amounts of contaminants that differ in Pb isotopic composition for different starting materials. For repeated digests of a single sample, analyses of leached samples reproduce better than those of unleached ones, confirming that leaching effectively removes most of the heterogeneously distributed extraneous Pb. Nevertheless, the external reproducibility of leached samples is still up to an order of magnitude worse than that of Pb solution standards (∼100 ppm). More complex leaching methods employed by earlier studies yield Pb isotope ratios within error of those produced by our method and at similar levels of reproducibility, demonstrating that our simple leaching method is as effective as more complex leaching techniques. Therefore, any Pb isotope heterogeneity among multiple leached digests of samples in excess of the external reproducibility is attributed to inherent isotopic heterogeneity of the sample. The external precision of ∼100 ppm (2 SD) achieved for Pb isotope ratio determination by Tl‐doped MC‐ICPMS is thus sufficient for most rocks. The full advantage of the most precise Pb isotope analytical methods is only realized in cases where the natural isotopic heterogeneity among samples in a studied suite is substantially below 100 ppm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GC005804","usgsCitation":"Todd, E., Stracke, A., and Scherer, E., 2015, Effects of simple acid leaching of crushed and powdered geological materials on high-precision Pb isotope analyses: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 16, no. 7, p. 2276-2302, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005804.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"2276","endPage":"2302","ipdsId":"IP-061301","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Erin 0000-0002-4871-9730 etodd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-9730","contributorId":202811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Erin","email":"etodd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stracke, Andreas","contributorId":216038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stracke","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39353,"text":"Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Institüt für Mineralogie, Münster, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scherer, Erik","contributorId":216039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39353,"text":"Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Institüt für Mineralogie, Münster, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70195581,"text":"70195581 - 2015 - Activity-specific ecological niche models for planning reintroductions of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T10:50:34","indexId":"70195581","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Activity-specific ecological niche models for planning reintroductions of California condors (<i>Gymnogyps californianus</i>)","title":"Activity-specific ecological niche models for planning reintroductions of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ecological niche models can be a useful tool to identify candidate reintroduction sites for endangered species but have been infrequently used for this purpose. In this paper, we (1) develop activity-specific ecological niche models (nesting, roosting, and feeding) for the critically endangered California condor (</span><i>Gymnogyps californianus</i><span>) to aid in reintroduction planning in California, Oregon, and Washington, USA, (2) test the accuracy of these models using empirical data withheld from model development, and (3) integrate model results with information on condor movement ecology and biology to produce predictive maps of reintroduction site suitability. Our approach, which disentangles niche models into activity-specific components, has applications for other species where it is routinely assumed (often incorrectly) that individuals fulfill all requirements for life within a single environmental space. Ecological niche models conformed to our understanding of California condor ecology, had good predictive performance when tested with data withheld from model development, and aided in the identification of several candidate reintroduction areas outside of the current distribution of the species. Our results suggest there are large unoccupied regions of the California condor’s historical range that have retained ecological features similar to currently occupied habitats, and thus could be considered for future reintroduction efforts. Combining our activity-specific ENMs with ground reconnaissance and information on other threat factors that could not be directly incorporated into empirical ENMs will ultimately improve our ability to select successful reintroduction sites for the California condor.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.002","usgsCitation":"D'Elia, J., Haig, S.M., Johnson, M.J., Marcot, B.G., and Young, R., 2015, Activity-specific ecological niche models for planning reintroductions of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus): Biological Conservation, v. 184, p. 90-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"99","ipdsId":"IP-061907","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.38671874999999,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              49.26780455063753\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.38671874999999,\n              49.26780455063753\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.38671874999999,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"184","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeeb03e4b0da30c1bfc63e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D'Elia, Jesse","contributorId":63152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D'Elia","given":"Jesse","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Matthew J. mjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Matthew","email":"mjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27989,"text":"Colorado Plateau Research Station, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":152612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":18944,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Richard","contributorId":202719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70231261,"text":"70231261 - 2015 - Projected changes in diverse ecosystems from climate warming and biophysical drivers in northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T14:07:39.294065","indexId":"70231261","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-15T08:58:11","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected changes in diverse ecosystems from climate warming and biophysical drivers in northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Climate warming affects arctic and boreal ecosystems by interacting with numerous biophysical factors across heterogeneous landscapes. To assess potential effects of warming on diverse local-scale ecosystems (ecotypes) across northwest Alaska, we compiled data on historical areal changes over the last 25–50&nbsp;years. Based on historical rates of change relative to time and temperature, we developed three state-transition models to project future changes in area for 60 ecotypes involving 243 potential transitions during three 30-year periods (ending 2040, 2070, 2100). The time model, assuming changes over the past 30&nbsp;years continue at the same rate, projected a net change, or directional shift, of 6&nbsp;% by 2100. The temperature model, using past rates of change relative to the past increase in regional mean annual air temperatures (1&nbsp;°C/30&nbsp;year), projected a net change of 17&nbsp;% in response to expected warming of 2, 4, and 6&nbsp;°C at the end of the three periods. A rate-adjusted temperature model, which adjusted transition rates (±50&nbsp;%) based on assigned feedbacks associated with 23 biophysical drivers, estimated a net change of 13&nbsp;%, with 33 ecotypes gaining and 23 ecotypes losing area. Major drivers included shrub and tree expansion, fire, succession, and thermokarst. Overall, projected changes will be modest over the next century even though climate warming increased transition rates up to 9 fold. The strength of this state-transition modeling is that it used a large dataset of past changes to provide a comprehensive assessment of likely future changes associated with numerous drivers affecting the full diversity of ecosystems across a broad region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-014-1302-1","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, M.T., Marcot, B.G., Swanson, D.K., Jorgenson, J.C., and DeGange, A.R., 2015, Projected changes in diverse ecosystems from climate warming and biophysical drivers in northwest Alaska: Climatic Change, v. 130, p. 131-144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1302-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"144","ipdsId":"IP-051465","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1302-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":400129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.4423828125,\n              64.32087157990324\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.326171875,\n              64.32087157990324\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.326171875,\n              71.63599288330609\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.4423828125,\n              71.63599288330609\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.4423828125,\n              64.32087157990324\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"130","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, Mark Torre 0000-0002-9834-8851","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-8851","contributorId":169365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":140456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, David K.","contributorId":178902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, Janet C.","contributorId":191903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":842153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048484,"text":"70048484 - 2015 - Map projections and reference systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T15:33:36.048011","indexId":"70048484","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T11:23:24","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Map projections and reference systems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International map year 2015: The world of maps","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Cartographic Association","usgsCitation":"Lapaine, M., and Usery, E.L., 2015, Map projections and reference systems, chap. 9 <i>of</i> International map year 2015: The world of maps, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051932","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355933,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://icaci.org/publications/"},{"id":355934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcb28e4b0f5d57878eca5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rystedt, B.","contributorId":121526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rystedt","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ormeling, F.","contributorId":121527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ormeling","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519992,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Lapaine, Miljenko","contributorId":116998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapaine","given":"Miljenko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189615,"text":"70189615 - 2015 - The 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa Earthquake: A unilateral rupture with shallow asperity and rapid afterslip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T09:33:52","indexId":"70189615","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa Earthquake: A unilateral rupture with shallow asperity and rapid afterslip","docAbstract":"<p>The M<sub>w</sub>6.1 South Napa earthquake occurred near Napa, California on August 24, 2014 (UTC), and was the largest inland earthquake in Northern California since the 1989 M<sub>w</sub>6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake. The first report of the earthquake from the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC) indicates a hypocentral depth of 11.0km with longitude and latitude of (122.3105°W, 38.217°N). Surface rupture was documented by field observations and Lidar imaging (Brooks et al. 2014; Hudnut et al. 2014; Brocher et al., 2015), with about 12 km of continuous rupture starting near the epicenter and extending to the northwest. The southern part of the rupture is relatively straight, but the strike changes by about 15° at the northern end over a 6-km segment. The peak dextral offset was observed near the Buhman residence with right-.‐lateral motion of 46 cm, near the location where the strike of fault begins to rotate clock-.‐wise (Hudnut et al., 2014). The earthquake was well recorded by the strong motion network operated by the NCEDC, the California Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). There are about 12 sites within an epicentral distance of 15km, with relatively good azimuthal coverage (Fig.1). The largest peak-ground-velocity (PGV) of nearly 100 cm/s was observed on station 1765, which is the closest station to the rupture and lies about 3 km east of the northern segment (Fig. 1). The ground deformation associated with the earthquake was also well recorded by the high-resolution COSMO-SkyMed satellite and Sentinel-1A satellite, providing independent static observations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220140249","usgsCitation":"Wei, S., Barbot, S., Graves, R., Lienkaemper, J.J., Wang, T., Hudnut, K.W., Fu, Y., and Helmberger, D., 2015, The 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa Earthquake: A unilateral rupture with shallow asperity and rapid afterslip: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 2A, p. 344-354, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140249.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"354","ipdsId":"IP-061960","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140249","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.0833,\n              38.01667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0167,\n               38.01667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0167,\n              38.08333\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0833,\n              38.08333\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0833,\n              38.01667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb8e4b0d1f9f065a8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, Shengji","contributorId":192953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Shengji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbot, Sylvain","contributorId":194835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbot","given":"Sylvain","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Teng","contributorId":156235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Teng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fu, Yuning","contributorId":194836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Yuning","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Helmberger, Don","contributorId":192954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helmberger","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70155016,"text":"70155016 - 2015 - Status and trends of the Lake Huron offshore demersal fish community, 1976-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:03:53","indexId":"70155016","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Status and trends of the Lake Huron offshore demersal fish community, 1976-2012","docAbstract":"<p><span>The USGS Great Lakes Science Center has conducted trawl surveys to assess annual changes in the offshore demersal fish community of Lake Huron since 1973. Sample sites include five ports in U.S. waters with less frequent sampling near Goderich, Ontario. The 2012 fall bottom trawl survey was carried out between 20 October – 5 November 2012 and included all U.S. ports as well as Goderich, ON. The 2012 main basin prey fish biomass estimate for Lake Huron was 97 kilotonnes, higher than the estimate in 2011 (63.2 Kt), approximately one third of the maximum estimate in the time series, and nearly 6 times higher than the minimum estimate in 2009. The biomass estimates for adult alewife in 2012 were higher than 2011, but remained much lower than observed before the crash in 2004, and populations were dominated by small fish. Estimated biomass of rainbow smelt also increased and was the highest observed since 2005. Estimated adult bloater biomass in Lake Huron has been increasing in recent years, and the 2012 biomass estimate was the third highest ever observed in the survey. Biomass estimates for trout-perch and ninespine stickleback were higher than in 2011 but still remained low compared to historic estimates. The estimated biomass of deepwater and slimy sculpins increased over 2011, and slimy sculpin in particular seem to be increasing in abundance. 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