Recently, researchers emphasized that patterns of stable isotope ratios observed at the individual level are a result of an interaction between ecological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Isotopic models for herbivores provide additional complications because those mammals consume foods that have high variability in nitrogen concentrations. In addition, distribution of amino acids in plants may differ greatly from that required by a herbivore. At northern latitudes, where the growing season of vegetation is short, isotope ratios in herbivore tissues are expected to differ between seasons. Summer ratios likely reflect diet composition, whereas winter ratios would reflect diet and nutrient recycling by the animals. We tested this hypothesis using data collected from blood samples of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces) in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Stable isotope ratios of moose and caribou were significantly different from each other in late summer-autumn and winter. Also, late summer-autumn and winter ratios differed significantly between seasons in both species. Nonetheless, we were unable to evaluate whether differences in seasonal isotopic ratios were a result of diet selection or a response to nutrient recycling. We believe that additional studies on plant isotopic ratios as related to ecological factors in conjunction with investigations of diet selection by the herbivores will enhance our understanding of those interactions. Also, controlled studies investigating the relation between diet and physiological responses in herbivores will increase the utility of isotopic analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores.
","language":"English","publisher":"Lakehead University","publisherLocation":"Thunder Bay, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Ben-David, M., Shochat, E., and Adams, L., 2001, Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: Examples from moose and caribou: Alces, v. 37, no. 2, p. 421-434.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"434","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://flash.lakeheadu.ca/~arodgers/Alces/vol37b_2001.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ben-David, Merav","contributorId":190901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-David","given":"Merav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shochat, Einav","contributorId":94261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shochat","given":"Einav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023280,"text":"70023280 - 2001 - Implications for eruptive processes as indicated by sulfur dioxide emissions from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1979-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T16:32:42","indexId":"70023280","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications for eruptive processes as indicated by sulfur dioxide emissions from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1979-1997","docAbstract":"Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, currently hosts the longest running SO2 emission-rate data set on the planet, starting with initial surveys done in 1975 by Stoiber and his colleagues. The 17.5-year record of summit emissions, starting in 1979, shows the effects of summit and east rift eruptive processes, which define seven distinctly different periods of SO2 release. Summit emissions jumped nearly 40% with the onset (3 January 1983) of the Pu`u `Ō`ō-Kūpaianaha eruption on the east rift zone (ERZ). Summit SO2 emissions from Kı̄lauea showed a strong positive correlation with short-period, shallow, caldera events, rather than with long-period seismicity as in more silicious systems. This correlation suggests a maturation process in the summit magma-transport system from 1986 through 1993. During a steady-state throughput-equilibrium interval of the summit magma reservoir, integration of summit-caldera and ERZ SO2 emissions reveals an undegassed volume rate of effusion of 2.1×105 m3/d. This value corroborates the volume-rate determined by geophysical methods, demonstrating that, for Kı̄lauea, SO2 emission rates can be used to monitor effusion rate, supporting and supplementing other, more established geophysical methods. For the 17.5 years of continuous emission rate records at Kı̄lauea, the volcano has released 9.7×106 t (metric tonnes) of SO2, 1.7×106 t from the summit and 8.0×106 t from the east rift zone. On an annual basis, the average SO2 release from Kı̄lauea is 4.6×105 t/y, compared to the global annual volcanic emission rate of 1.2×107 t/y.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00291-2","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., Gerlach, T., and Stokes, J.B., 2001, Implications for eruptive processes as indicated by sulfur dioxide emissions from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1979-1997: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 108, no. 1-4, p. 283-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00291-2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3917e4b0c8380cd617ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stokes, J. B.","contributorId":19182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023278,"text":"70023278 - 2001 - Travel times of P and S from the global digital seismic networks: Implications for the relative variation of P and S velocity in the mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T18:25:35.764818","indexId":"70023278","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Travel times of P and S from the global digital seismic networks: Implications for the relative variation of P and S velocity in the mantle","docAbstract":"We present new data sets of P and S arrival times which have been handpicked from long-period vertical and transverse component recordings of the various global seismic networks. Using events which occurred from 1976 to 1994 results in ∼38,000 globally well-distributed measurements of teleseismic P and ∼41,000 measurements of S. These data are particularly useful for looking at the relative variation of S and P velocities in the lower mantle. We describe both the measurement techniques and the gross characteristics of the data sets. The size of our data sets allows us to exploit the internal consistency of the data to identify outliers using a summary ray analysis. Since the polarity of each arrival is also known, we can construct fault plane solutions and/or compare with polarities predicted by the Harvard centroid moment tensor solutions to further diagnose phase misidentification. This analysis results in ∼5% of the data being identified as outliers. An analysis of variance indicates that the S residual travel times are dominated by the effects of three-dimensional structure but the P data have comparable contributions from noise and source mislocation effects. The summary ray analysis reveals the basic character of lower mantle structure, and there are large-scale patterns in both the S and P data sets that correlate quite well with each other. This analysis suggests that on average, d ln vs/d ln vp is an increasing function of depth in the mantle going from a value of ∼1.7 at the top of the lower mantle to an apparent value of 4 near the base of the mantle. This latter extreme value of R seems to result mainly from data which sample one region in the lowermost mantle under the central Pacific, where large positive S residuals are associated with very small P residuals. Such an anomaly cannot be thermal in origin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Unions","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900378","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bolton, H., and Masters, G., 2001, Travel times of P and S from the global digital seismic networks: Implications for the relative variation of P and S velocity in the mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B7, p. 13527-13540, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900378.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"13527","endPage":"13540","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb777e4b08c986b3272b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolton, H.","contributorId":50325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolton","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masters, G.","contributorId":65637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023266,"text":"70023266 - 2001 - Precise K-Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, Rb-Sr and U/Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma fish canyon tuff reference standard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70023266","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precise K-Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, Rb-Sr and U/Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma fish canyon tuff reference standard","docAbstract":"The accuracy of ages measured using the 40Ar/39Ar technique is affected by uncertainties in the age of radiation fluence-monitor minerals. At present, there is lack of agreement about the ages of certain minerals used as fluence monitors. The accuracy of the age of a standard may be improved if the age can be measured using different decay schemes. This has been done by measuring ages on minerals from the Oligocene Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT) using the K-Ar, 40Ar/39Ar. Rb-Sr and U/Pb methods. K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar total fusion ages of sanidine, biotite and hornblende yielded a mean age of 27.57 ?? 0.36 Ma. The weighted mean 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of sanidine and biotite is 27.57 ?? 0.18 Ma. A biotite-feldspar Rb-Sr isochron yielded an age of 27.44 ?? 0.16 Ma. The U-Pb data for zircon are complex because of the presence of Precambrian zircons and inheritance of radiogenic Pb. Zircons with 207Pb/235U < 0.4 yielded a discordia line with a lower concordia intercept of 27.52 ?? 0.09 Ma. Evaluation of the combined data suggests that the best age for FCT is 27.51 Ma. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00291-6","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Lanphere, M.A., and Baadsgaard, H., 2001, Precise K-Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, Rb-Sr and U/Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma fish canyon tuff reference standard: Chemical Geology, v. 175, no. 3-4, p. 653-671, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00291-6.","startPage":"653","endPage":"671","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00291-6"}],"volume":"175","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8137e4b0c8380cd7b3fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baadsgaard, H.","contributorId":11798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baadsgaard","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":45056,"text":"wri004170 - 2001 - Characterization of water quality in selected tributaries of the Alamosa River, southwestern Colorado, including comparisons to instream water-quality standards and toxicological reference values, 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T18:33:22.425813","indexId":"wri004170","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4170","title":"Characterization of water quality in selected tributaries of the Alamosa River, southwestern Colorado, including comparisons to instream water-quality standards and toxicological reference values, 1995-97","docAbstract":"A comprehensive water-quality sampling network was implemented by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1995 through 1997 at 12 tributary sites to the Alamosa River. The network was designed to address data gaps identified in the initial ecological risk assessment of the Summitville Superfund site. Tributaries draining hydrothermally altered areas had higher median values for nearly all measured properties and constituents than tributaries draining unaltered areas. Colorado instream standards for pH, copper, iron, and zinc were in attainment at most tributary sites. Instream standards for pH and chronic aquatic-life standards for iron were not attained in Jasper Creek. Toxicological reference values were most often exceeded at Iron Creek, Alum Creek, Bitter Creek, Wightman Fork, and Burnt Creek. These tributaries all drain hydrothermally altered areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004170","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, R.F., and Ferguson, S.A., 2001, Characterization of water quality in selected tributaries of the Alamosa River, southwestern Colorado, including comparisons to instream water-quality standards and toxicological reference values, 1995-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4170, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004170.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414559,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37094.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4170","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Alamosa River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.367,\n 37.464\n ],\n [\n -106.667,\n 37.464\n ],\n [\n -106.667,\n 37.342\n ],\n [\n -106.367,\n 37.342\n ],\n [\n -106.367,\n 37.464\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, Roderick F. rfortiz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Roderick","email":"rfortiz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferguson, Sheryl A.","contributorId":78698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Sheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023251,"text":"70023251 - 2001 - Using absolute gravimeter data to determine vertical gravity gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023251","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2718,"text":"Metrologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using absolute gravimeter data to determine vertical gravity gradients","docAbstract":"The position versus time data from a free-fall absolute gravimeter can be used to estimate the vertical gravity gradient in addition to the gravity value itself. Hipkin has reported success in estimating the vertical gradient value using a data set of unusually good quality. This paper explores techniques that may be applicable to a broader class of data that may be contaminated with \"system response\" errors of larger magnitude than were evident in the data used by Hipkin. This system response function is usually modelled as a sum of exponentially decaying sinusoidal components. The technique employed here involves combining the x0, v0 and g parameters from all the drops made during a site occupation into a single least-squares solution, and including the value of the vertical gradient and the coefficients of system response function in the same solution. The resulting non-linear equations must be solved iteratively and convergence presents some difficulties. Sparse matrix techniques are used to make the least-squares problem computationally tractable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Metrologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/38/2/6","issn":"00261394","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D., 2001, Using absolute gravimeter data to determine vertical gravity gradients: Metrologia, v. 38, no. 2, p. 147-153, https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/38/2/6.","startPage":"147","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/38/2/6"},{"id":232315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc02ae4b08c986b329f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, D.S.","contributorId":74167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023483,"text":"70023483 - 2001 - Effects of urbanization on streamflow in the Atlanta area (Georgia, USA): A comparative hydrological approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023483","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urbanization on streamflow in the Atlanta area (Georgia, USA): A comparative hydrological approach","docAbstract":"For the period from 1958 to 1996, streamflow characteristics of a highly urbanized watershed were compared with less-urbanized and non-urbanized watersheds within a 20 000 km2 region in the vicinity of Atlanta, Georgia: In the Piedmont and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces of the southeastern USA. Water levels in several wells completed in surficial and crystalline-rock aquifers were also evaluated. Data were analysed for seven US Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauges, 17 National Weather Service rain gauges, and five USGS monitoring wells. Annual runoff coefficients (RCs; runoff as a fractional percentage of precipitation) for the urban stream (Peachtree Creek) were not significantly greater than for the less-urbanized watersheds. The RCs for some streams were similar to others and the similar streams were grouped according to location. The RCs decreased from the higher elevation and higher relief watersheds to the lower elevation and lower relief watersheds: Values were 0.54 for the two Blue Ridge streams. 0.37 for the four middle Piedmont streams (near Atlanta), and 0.28 for a southern Piedmont stream. For the 25 largest stormflows, the peak flows for Peachtree Creek were 30% to 100% greater then peak flows for the other stream. The storm recession period for the urban stream was 1-2 days less than that for the other streams and the recession was characterized by a 2-day storm recession constant that was, on average, 40 to 100% greater, i.e. streamflow decreased more rapidly than for the other streams. Baseflow recession constants ranged from 35 to 40% lower for Peachtree Creek than for the other streams; this is attributed to lower evapotranspiration losses, which result in a smaller change in groundwater storage than in the less-urbanized watersheds. Low flow of Peachtree Creek ranged from 25 to 35% less than the other streams, possibly the result of decreased infiltration caused by the more efficient routing of stormwater and the paving of groundwater rechange areas. The timing of daily or monthly groundwater-level fluctuations was similar annually in each well, reflecting the seasonal recharge. Although water-level monitoring only began in the 1980s for the two urban wells, water levels displayed a notable decline compared with non-urban wells since then; this is attributed to decreased groundwater rechange in the urban watersheds due to increased imperviousness and related rapid storm runoff. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.218","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Rose, S., and Peters, N., 2001, Effects of urbanization on streamflow in the Atlanta area (Georgia, USA): A comparative hydrological approach: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1441-1457, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.218.","startPage":"1441","endPage":"1457","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207359,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.218"},{"id":232252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0829e4b0c8380cd519da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, S.","contributorId":56002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014711,"text":"1014711 - 2001 - Florida panther habitat use response to prescribed fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T15:41:01","indexId":"1014711","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Florida panther habitat use response to prescribed fire","docAbstract":"The Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) is one of the most endangered mammals in the world, with only 30-50 adults surviving in and around Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge and the adjacent Big Cypress National Preserve. Managers at these areas conduct annual prescribed burns in pine (Pinus sp.) as a cost-effective method of managing wildlife habitat. Our objectives were to determine if temporal and spatial relationships existed between prescribed fire an panther use of pine. to accomplish this, we paired fire-event data from the Refuge an the Preserve with panther radiolocations collected between 1989 and 1998, determined the time that had elapsed since burning had occurred in management units associated with the radiolocations, and generated a frequency distribution based on those times. We then generated ant expected frequency distribution, based on random use relative to time since burning. This analysis revealed that panther use of burned pine habitats was greatest during the first year after a management unit was burned. Also, compositional analysis indicated that panthers were more likely to position their home ranges in areas that contained pine. We conclude that prescribed burning is important to panther ecology. We suggest that panthers were attracted to <1-year-old burns because of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and other prey responses to vegetation and structural changed caused by the prescribed fires. The strong selection for stands burned within 1 year is a persuasive indication that it is the burning in pine, rather than the pine per se, that most influenced habitat use. Before burning rotation lengths are reduced, however, we suggest managers determine effects of shorter burning intervals on vegetation composition and evaluate the landscape-scale changes that would result.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803287","usgsCitation":"Dees, C.S., Clark, J.D., and van Manen, F.T., 2001, Florida panther habitat use response to prescribed fire: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 1, p. 141-147, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803287.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84539794921875,\n 26.330345320410842\n ],\n [\n -80.8319091796875,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -80.79071044921875,\n 25.31423555219758\n ],\n [\n -81.09283447265625,\n 25.334096684794456\n ],\n [\n -81.19171142578125,\n 25.420950798326693\n ],\n [\n -81.2274169921875,\n 25.522614647623293\n ],\n [\n -81.25762939453124,\n 25.626668871238568\n ],\n [\n -81.331787109375,\n 25.68361258391759\n ],\n [\n -81.38397216796875,\n 25.725683932942644\n ],\n [\n -81.49932861328125,\n 25.82708887795793\n ],\n [\n -81.61468505859375,\n 25.861695091343652\n ],\n [\n -81.64764404296875,\n 25.854280326572407\n ],\n [\n -81.69158935546875,\n 25.83697740052369\n ],\n [\n -81.73553466796875,\n 25.903703303407667\n ],\n [\n -81.77398681640625,\n 26.000018556696844\n ],\n [\n -81.7987060546875,\n 26.071586453170973\n ],\n [\n -81.83441162109374,\n 26.19241214758277\n ],\n [\n -81.84539794921875,\n 26.330345320410842\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dees, Catherine S.","contributorId":168720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dees","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7006,"text":"Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":320987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023382,"text":"70023382 - 2001 - Some simple guides to finding useful information in exploration geochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T18:52:33.134261","indexId":"70023382","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some simple guides to finding useful information in exploration geochemical data","docAbstract":"Most regional geochemistry data reflect processes that can produce superfluous bits of noise and, perhaps, information about the mineralization process of interest. There are two end-member approaches to finding patterns in geochemical data—unsupervised learning and supervised learning. In unsupervised learning, data are processed and the geochemist is given the task of interpreting and identifying possible sources of any patterns. In supervised learning, data from known subgroups such as rock type, mineralized and nonmineralized, and types of mineralization are used to train the system which then is given unknown samples to classify into these subgroups.
To locate patterns of interest, it is helpful to transform the data and to remove unwanted masking patterns. With trace elements use of a logarithmic transformation is recommended. In many situations, missing censored data can be estimated using multiple regression of other uncensored variables on the variable with censored values.
In unsupervised learning, transformed values can be standardized, or normalized, to a Z-score by subtracting the subset's mean and dividing by its standard deviation. Subsets include any source of differences that might be related to processes unrelated to the target sought such as different laboratories, regional alteration, analytical procedures, or rock types. Normalization removes effects of different means and measurement scales as well as facilitates comparison of spatial patterns of elements. These adjustments remove effects of different subgroups and hopefully leave on the map the simple and uncluttered pattern(s) related to the mineralization only.
Supervised learning methods, such as discriminant analysis and neural networks, offer the promise of consistent and, in certain situations, unbiased estimates of where mineralization might exist. These methods critically rely on being trained with data that encompasses all populations fairly and that can possibly fall into only the identified populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1011552810482","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Singer, D., and Kouda, R., 2001, Some simple guides to finding useful information in exploration geochemical data: Natural Resources Research, v. 10, no. 2, p. 137-147, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011552810482.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"147","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92e8e4b08c986b31a19a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, R.","contributorId":30772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kouda","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023510,"text":"70023510 - 2001 - Kullback-Leibler information in resolving natural resource conflicts when definitive data exist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023510","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kullback-Leibler information in resolving natural resource conflicts when definitive data exist","docAbstract":"Conflicts often arise in the management of natural resources. Often they result from differing perceptions, varying interpretations of the law, and self-interests among stakeholder groups (for example, the values and perceptions about spotted owls and forest management differ markedly among environmental groups, government regulatory agencies, and timber industries). We extend the conceptual approach to conflict resolution of Anderson et al. (1999) by using information-theoretic methods to provide quantitative evidence for differing stakeholder positions. Importantly, we assume that relevant empirical data exist that are central to the potential resolution of the conflict. We present a hypothetical example involving an experiment to assess potential effects of a chemical on monthly survival probabilities of the hen clam (Spisula solidissima). The conflict centers on 3 stakeholder positions: 1) no effect, 2) an acute effect, and 3) an acute and chronic effect of the chemical treatment. Such data were given to 18 analytical teams to make independent analyses and provide the relative evidence for each of 3 stakeholder positions in the conflict. The empirical evidence strongly supports only one of the 3 positions in the conflict: the application of the chemical causes acute and chronic effects on monthly survival, following treatment. Formal inference from all the stakeholder positions is provided for the 2 key parameters underlying the hen clam controversy. The estimates of these parameters were essentially unbiased (the relative bias for the control and treatment group's survival probability was -0.857% and 1.400%, respectively) and precise (coefficients of variation were 0.576% and 2.761%, respectively). The advantages of making formal inference from all the models, rather than drawing conclusions from only the estimated best model, is illustrated. Finally, we contrast information-theoretic and Bayesian approaches in terms of how positions in the controversy enter the formal analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., Burnham, K., and White, G.C., 2001, Kullback-Leibler information in resolving natural resource conflicts when definitive data exist: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1260-1270.","startPage":"1260","endPage":"1270","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40cde4b0c8380cd65053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014983,"text":"1014983 - 2001 - Survey protocol for assessment of endangered freshwater mussels the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T19:26:40.736572","indexId":"1014983","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2402,"text":"Journal of North American Benthological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey protocol for assessment of endangered freshwater mussels the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires a biological assessment of any activity that is authorized, funded, or carried out by a federal agency and likely to affect a federally listed endangered species or its critical habitat. We developed a standardized survey protocol for biological assessments of the effects of bridge replacements on 2 federally listed endangered freshwater mussels, Epioblasma torulosa rangiana and Pleurobema clava, found in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania. The protocol combines qualitative sampling to determine species present with quantitative sampling to estimate density. Data on species present satisfy the minimum requirement of a biological assessment, whereas estimates of density are needed to assess the number of individuals that would die as a result of bridge replacement. Some excavation of substrate is necessary for unbiased population estimates because of species and sex-specific differences in detection at the substrate surface. We reduced the amount of excavation and cost of the survey by using a statistical sampling technique called double sampling, which uses counts from excavating a subset of quadrats to calibrate counts from searching the substrate surface of all quadrats. We applied the survey protocol to the Allegheny River at West Hickory where E. t. rangiana was the 3rd and P. clava was the 4th most abundant mussel at the site. Only 31% of P. clava and 52% of E. t. rangiana (80% of females, 45% of males) were detected at the substrate surface. We estimated that 9173 (95% CI: 6309–13,336) E. t. rangiana and 7010 (95% CI: 4462–11,013) P. clava lived within 50 m of the existing bridge and would be affected immediately by bridge construction. (Population estimates did not include mussels too small to be retained on a 6.35-mm-mesh sieve.) Application of the protocol is not limited to biological assessment under the ESA, but is appropriate where site-specific status of freshwater mussel populations is required.
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America\"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6570e4b0c8380cd72bc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilkington, M.","contributorId":105476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkington","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuevas, A.","contributorId":87332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuevas","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hernandez, I.","contributorId":86141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Urrutia, Jaime","contributorId":45489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urrutia","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023771,"text":"70023771 - 2001 - Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:21:29","indexId":"70023771","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations","docAbstract":"Standard reference water samples (SRWS) were collected from two mine sites, one near Ophir, CO, USA and the other near Redding, CA, USA. The samples were filtered, preserved, and analyzed for rare earth element (REE) concentrations (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These two samples were acid mine waters with elevated concentrations of REEs (0.45–161 μg/l). Seventeen international laboratories participated in a ‘round-robin’ chemical analysis program, which made it possible to evaluate the data by robust statistical procedures that are insensitive to outliers. The resulting most probable values are reported. Ten to 15 of the participants also reported values for Ba, Y, and Sc. Field parameters, major ion, and other trace element concentrations, not subject to statistical evaluation, are provided.
The Quaternary Tatara–San Pedro volcanic complex (36°S, Chilean Andes) comprises eight or more unconformity-bound volcanic sequences, representing variably preserved erosional remnants of volcanic centers generated during ∼930 ky of activity. The internal eruptive histories of several dominantly mafic to intermediate sequences have been reconstructed, on the basis of correlations of whole-rock major and trace element chemistry of flows between multiple sampled sections, but with critical contributions from photogrammetric, geochronologic, and paleomagnetic data. Many groups of flows representing discrete eruptive events define internal variation trends that reflect extrusion of heterogeneous or rapidly evolving magma batches from conduit–reservoir systems in which open-system processes typically played a large role. Long-term progressive evolution trends are extremely rare and the magma compositions of successive eruptive events rarely lie on precisely the same differentiation trend, even where they have evolved from similar parent magmas by similar processes. These observations are not consistent with magma differentiation in large long-lived reservoirs, but they may be accommodated by diverse interactions between newly arrived magma inputs and multiple resident pockets of evolved magma and/or crystal mush residing in conduit-dominated subvolcanic reservoirs. Without constraints provided by the reconstructed stratigraphic relations, the framework for petrologic modeling would be far different. A well-established eruptive stratigraphy may provide independent constraints on the petrologic processes involved in magma evolution—simply on the basis of the specific order in which diverse, broadly cogenetic magmas have been erupted. The Tatara–San Pedro complex includes lavas ranging from primitive basalt to high-SiO2 rhyolite, and although the dominant erupted magma type was basaltic andesite (∼52–55 wt % SiO2) each sequence is characterized by unique proportions of mafic, intermediate, and silicic eruptive products. Intermediate lava compositions also record different evolution paths, both within and between sequences. No systematic long-term pattern is evident from comparisons at the level of sequences. The considerable diversity of mafic and evolved magmas of the Tatara–San Pedro complex bears on interpretations of regional geochemical trends. The variable role of open-system processes in shaping the compositions of evolved Tatara–San Pedro complex magmas, and even some basaltic magmas, leads to the conclusion that addressing problems such as arc magma genesis and elemental fluxes through subduction zones on the basis of averaged or regressed reconnaissance geochemical datasets is a tenuous exercise. Such compositional indices are highly instructive for identifying broad regional trends and first-order problems, but they should be used with extreme caution in attempts to quantify processes and magma sources, including crustal components, implicated in these trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/42.3.555","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Dungan, M., Wulff, A., and Thompson, R., 2001, Eruptive stratigraphy of the Tatara-San Pedro complex, 36°S, sourthern volcanic zone, Chilean Andes: Reconstruction method and implications for magma evolution at long-lived arc volcanic centers: Journal of Petrology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 555-626, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.3.555.","productDescription":"72 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"626","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Andes Mountains, Tatara-San Pedro Volcanic Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.22932453832438,\n -32.53514728524265\n ],\n [\n -74.22932453832438,\n -37.51540860294333\n ],\n [\n -68.79863955586832,\n -37.51540860294333\n ],\n [\n -68.79863955586832,\n -32.53514728524265\n ],\n [\n -74.22932453832438,\n -32.53514728524265\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a59e4b0c8380cd522fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dungan, M.A.","contributorId":36304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dungan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wulff, A.","contributorId":96452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulff","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, R.","contributorId":103444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":87364,"text":"87364 - 2001 - Uncertainty and spatial linear models for ecological data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T14:19:49.009581","indexId":"87364","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Uncertainty and spatial linear models for ecological data","docAbstract":"Models are not perfect; they do not fit the data exactly and they do not allow exact prediction. Given that models are imperfect, we need to assess the uncertainties in the fits of the models and their ability to predict new outcomes. The goals of building models for scientific problems include (1) understanding and developing appropriate relationships between variables, and (2) predicting variables in the future or at locations where data have not been collected. Ecological models range in complexity from those that are relatively simple (e.g., linear regression) to those that are very complex (e.g., ecosystem models, forest-growth models, and nitrogen-cycling models). In a mathematical model, parameters control the relationships between variables in the model. In this framework of parametric modeling, inference is the process whereby we take output (data) and estimate model parameters, whereas deduction is the process whereby we take a parameterized model and obtain output (data) or deduce properties. We often add random components in both inference and deduction to reflect a model’s lack-of-fit and our uncertainty about predicting outcomes. Complex models in ecology have largely been of the deductive type, where the scientist takes some values of parameters (usually obtained from an independent data source or chosen from a reasonable range of values) and then simulates results based on model relationships. These models may be quite realistic, but the manner in which their parameters are obtained for the simulations is questionable.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Spatial uncertainty in ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4613-0209-4_10","usgsCitation":"Ver Hoef, J.M., Cressie, N., Fisher, R., and Case, T.J., 2001, Uncertainty and spatial linear models for ecological data, chap. of Spatial uncertainty in ecology, p. 214-237, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0209-4_10.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d51","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hunsaker, C.","contributorId":48887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505087,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodchild, M.","contributorId":112893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodchild","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505089,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedl, Mark A.","contributorId":113388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedl","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505090,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, Ted J.","contributorId":70714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505088,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Ver Hoef, Jay M","contributorId":217318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ver Hoef","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":39604,"text":"NOAA-NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cressie, Noel","contributorId":200280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cressie","given":"Noel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16754,"text":"University of Wollongong, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, Ted J.","contributorId":70714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023612,"text":"70023612 - 2001 - High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:41:23.646119","indexId":"70023612","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys flown over the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico, demonstrate that aeromagnetic methods can successfully map concealed and poorly exposed faults in sediment-filled basins. This is the first known use of aeromagnetic data as an aid to surficial mapping and hydrogeologic studies in a basin. Aeromagnetic maps show detailed fault patterns within the basin fill that revise the structural view of the basin. Concealed faults are more numerous and more closely spaced than expected. The Hubbell Springs fault is the central splay of three generally north-striking fault splays that can be traced for nearly 50 km. The splays converge on the north and may represent the southern extension of the Tijeras fault, contradicting the proposed southwest extension of the Tijeras fault across the basin. In profile view, the linear aeromagnetic anomalies associated with faults show a variety of signatures. One signature has potential for mapping fault-controlled sedimentation in the subsurface because it identifies increases in magnetic, likely coarse-grained, material in the hanging walls of faults.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0367:HRADAN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., 2001, High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico: Geology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 367-370, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0367:HRADAN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.91070556640625,\n 34.24813554589752\n ],\n [\n -106.77337646484375,\n 34.20271636159618\n ],\n [\n -106.61407470703125,\n 34.28218385709024\n ],\n [\n -106.5289306640625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -106.38885498046875,\n 34.73935551813357\n ],\n [\n -106.3861083984375,\n 35.05248370662468\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 35.16258214808429\n ],\n [\n -105.985107421875,\n 35.30840140169162\n ],\n [\n -105.809326171875,\n 35.59031875398378\n ],\n [\n -105.90545654296875,\n 35.737595151747826\n ],\n [\n -105.82855224609375,\n 35.980228800645676\n ],\n [\n -105.699462890625,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -105.6390380859375,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -105.83404541015625,\n 36.217687122250574\n ],\n [\n -106.04827880859375,\n 36.363798554158635\n ],\n [\n -106.2762451171875,\n 36.27527883184338\n ],\n [\n -106.28997802734375,\n 36.17779108329074\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 36.055760619006755\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 35.9357645138553\n ],\n [\n -106.380615234375,\n 35.862343734896484\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 35.74428307651204\n ],\n [\n -106.49322509765624,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -106.66900634765625,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -106.85302734374999,\n 35.572448615622804\n ],\n [\n -107.02056884765625,\n 35.39352808136067\n ],\n [\n -107.09747314453125,\n 35.47185482057798\n ],\n [\n -107.26226806640625,\n 35.40248356426937\n ],\n [\n -107.259521484375,\n 35.270289376094404\n ],\n [\n -107.42706298828125,\n 35.238889532322595\n ],\n [\n -107.50396728515625,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -107.58636474609375,\n 34.94673942495388\n ],\n [\n -107.5506591796875,\n 34.70775131553933\n ],\n [\n -107.54791259765625,\n 34.474863669009004\n ],\n [\n -107.29248046875,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -107.11944580078125,\n 34.36611072883117\n ],\n [\n -106.91070556640625,\n 34.24813554589752\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30fbe4b0c8380cd5db25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. 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The woodland soils on local mesas largely formed under different vegetation during cooler, moister conditions of the late Pleistocene; in other words, they are over 10,000 years old, and many are over 100,000 years old (McFadden et al., 1996). Changes in climate and vegetation in the early Holocene (8,500– 6,000 years ago) led to at least localized episodes of soil erosion on adjoining uplands (Reneau and McDonald, 1996; Reneau et al., 1996). During this time, the dominant climatic and associated vegetation patterns of the modern southwestern United States developed, including grasslands, piñon-juniper woodlands, and ponderosa pine savannas (Allen et al., 1998). On the basis of local fire history, the young ages of most piñon-juniper trees here, and soils data, we believe that many upland mesa areas now occupied by dense piñon-juniper woodlands were formerly more open, with fewer trees and well-developed herbaceous understories that: (1) protected the soil from excessive erosion during intense summer thunderstorm events, and (2) provided a largely continuous fuel matrix, which allowed surface fires to spread and maintain these vegetation types (Fig. 1). In contrast, rocky canyon walls have probably changed relatively little through the centuries, as grazing and fire suppression had fewer effects on such sites.
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From 1979 to 1995, standardized whole-colony counts from aerial photographs were conducted in many years in California, Oregon, and Washington. In contrast, no aerial photographs of murre colonies in British Columbia have been taken and only a few other whole-colony counts have been conducted. Direct comparisons and statistical treatment of whole-colony counts were conducted using 1979-95 data. Complete data for all colonies were available only in 1988-89 when the breeding murre population was estimated to be 1.1 million, about 5-8% of the world population and 13-28% of the Pacific Ocean population. A summary of various natural and anthropogenic factors affecting murre populations in western North America since 1800, and particularly in 1979-95, also is provided.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and conservation of the common murre in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. 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2001 - The importance of survey timing in monitoring breeding seabird numbers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023651","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of survey timing in monitoring breeding seabird numbers","docAbstract":"We conducted weekly aerial surveys of islands along the central Maine coast from April-June of 1993-1997 and used aerial photographs to determine peak nest count dates for Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-Backed Gulls (Larus marinus). These data also were used to determine the potential effect of survey timing on the ability to detect long-term trends in the abundance of these species. The number of cormorant nests in the study area peaked in mid-June, while Great Black-backed and Herring gulls peaked in late May and early June, respectively. Peak nesting dates generally were consistent for each island across years, but varied by up to a month between islands during a given year. A 10-year monitoring program using annual surveys conducted between 23 May and 23 June, or biennial surveys conducted from 2-17 June, would have an 80% probability of detecting annual changes of ??5% for all three species in this region. Received 1 November 2000, accepted 4 December 2000.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., and Krohn, W., 2001, The importance of survey timing in monitoring breeding seabird numbers: Waterbirds, v. 24, no. 1, p. 22-33.","startPage":"22","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad00e4b08c986b3238ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.M.","contributorId":78707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022768,"text":"70022768 - 2001 - Seasonal variation in physiological condition of Amblema plicata in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70022768","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in physiological condition of Amblema plicata in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Measures of physiological condition are being used as sub-lethal endpoints in studies with unionids exposed to a variety of stressors, yet the natural seasonal variation in these measures are largely undocumented. We measured concentrations of glycogen in foot and mantle tissue and a tissue condition index (TCI) in Amblema plicata (Say 1817), about monthly, for 2 years in mussels that were: (1) obtained directly from the Upper Mississippi River (riverine group); and (2) relocated from the river into an artificial pond (relocated group). In both groups, we observed significant seasonal variation in all physiological indicators. Seasonal variation in glycogen was 72% in mantle and 52% in foot tissue and paralleled reproductive activity in this short-term breeder. In the relocated group, most of the variation in glycogen occurred during the first six months after relocation, suggesting that handling stress may have been a contributing factor. The significant seasonal variation in the TCI paralleled glycogen in riverine mussels. We observed tissue-specific differences in glycogen in the riverine group, but not in the relocated group. These data suggest that an interaction of environmental and biological factors influence the energetic status of mussels in natural populations. A better understanding of this variation is needed to interpret changes in physiological condition due to stressors such as relocation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07308000","usgsCitation":"Monroe, E., and Newton, T., 2001, Seasonal variation in physiological condition of Amblema plicata in the Upper Mississippi River: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 20, no. 3, p. 1167-1171.","startPage":"1167","endPage":"1171","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88ebe4b08c986b316c33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monroe, E.M.","contributorId":105822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022763,"text":"70022763 - 2001 - Contaminant sensitivity of threatened and endangered fishes compared to standard surrogate species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T14:00:14","indexId":"70022763","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant sensitivity of threatened and endangered fishes compared to standard surrogate species","docAbstract":"Standard environmental assessment procedures are designed to protect terrestrial and aquatic species. However, it is not known if endangered species are adequately protected by these procedures. At present, toxicological data obtained from studies with surrogate test fishes are assumed to be applicable to endangered fish species, but this assumption has not been validated. Static acute toxicity tests were used to compare the sensitivity of rainbow trout, fathead minnows, and sheepshead minnows to several federally listed fishes (Apache trout, Lahontan cutthroat trout, greenback cutthroat trout, bonytail chub, Colorado pikeminnow, razorback sucker, Leon Springs pupfish, and desert pupfish). Chemicals tested included carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, and permethrin. Results indicated that the surrogates and listed species were of similar sensitivity. In two cases, a listed species had a 96-h LC50 (lethal concentration to 50% of the population) that was less than one half of its corresponding surrogate. In all other cases, differences between listed and surrogate species were less than twofold. A safety factor of two would provide a conservative estimate for listed cold-water, warm-water, and euryhaline fish species.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620201229","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Sappington, L., Mayer, F., Dwyer, F., Buckler, D., Jones, J., and Ellersieck, M.R., 2001, Contaminant sensitivity of threatened and endangered fishes compared to standard surrogate species: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 12, p. 2869-2876, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620201229.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2869","endPage":"2876","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa38e4b0c8380cd4d9b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, F.L.","contributorId":79418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"F.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buckler, D.R.","contributorId":54699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, J.R.","contributorId":15967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellersieck, Mark R.","contributorId":80841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70023475,"text":"70023475 - 2001 - Interactive visualization of vegetation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T16:47:27.256646","indexId":"70023475","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interactive visualization of vegetation dynamics","docAbstract":"Satellite imagery provides a mechanism for observing seasonal dynamics of the landscape that have implications for near real-time monitoring of agriculture, forest, and range resources. This study illustrates a technique for visualizing timely information on key events during the growing season (e.g., onset, peak, duration, and end of growing season), as well as the status of the current growing season with respect to the recent historical average. Using time-series analysis of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite sensor, seasonal dynamics can be derived. We have developed a set of Java-based visualization and analysis tools to make comparisons between the seasonal dynamics of the current year with those from the past twelve years. In addition, the visualization tools allow the user to query underlying databases such as land cover or administrative boundaries to analyze the seasonal dynamics of areas of their own interest. The Java-based tools (data exploration and visualization analysis or DEVA) use a Web-based client-server model for processing the data. The resulting visualization and analysis, available via the Internet, is of value to those responsible for land management decisions, resource allocation, and at-risk population targeting.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2001)","conferenceDate":"Jul 9-13, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, NSW, Australia","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Reed, B., Swets, D., Bard, L., Brown, J., and Rowland, J., 2001, Interactive visualization of vegetation dynamics, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 1, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Jul 9-13, 2001, p. 210-212.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce2e4b0c8380cd63118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swets, D.","contributorId":78118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swets","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bard, L.","contributorId":95652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bard","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, J.","contributorId":57801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023516,"text":"70023516 - 2001 - Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:30:36","indexId":"70023516","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier","docAbstract":"Many published studies have used visual comparison of the timing of peak breakthrough of colloids versus conservative dissolved tracers (hereafter referred to as dissolved tracers or tracers) in subsurface media to determine whether they are advected differently, and to elucidate the mechanisms of differential advection. This purely visual approach of determining differential advection may have artifacts, however, due to the attachment of colloids to subsurface media. The attachment of colloids to subsurface media may shift the colloidal peak breakthrough to earlier times, causing an apparent \"faster\" peak breakthrough of colloids relative to dissolve tracers even though the transport velocities for the colloids and the dissolved tracers may actually be equivalent. In this paper, a peak shift analysis was presented to illustrate the artifacts associated with the purely visual approach in determining differential advection, and to quantify the peak shift due to colloid attachment. This peak shift analysis was described within the context of microsphere and bromide transport within a zero-valent iron (ZVI) permeable reactive barrier (PRB) located in Fry Canyon, Utah. Application of the peak shift analysis to the field microsphere and bromide breakthrough data indicated that differential advection of the microspheres relative to the bromide occurred in the monitoring wells closest to the injection well in the PRB. It was hypothesized that the physical heterogeneity at the grain scale, presumably arising from differences in inter- versus intra-particle porosity, contributed to the differential advection of the microspheres versus the bromide in the PRB. The relative breakthrough (RB) of microspheres at different wells was inversely related to the ionic strength of ground water at these wells, in agreement with numerous studies showing that colloid attachment is directly related to solution ionic strength.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02471.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Zhang, P., Johnson, W., Piana, M., Fuller, C.C., and Naftz, D.L., 2001, Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 6, p. 831-840, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02471.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"840","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ebde4b0c8380cd7a703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, P.","contributorId":92822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.P.","contributorId":43315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piana, M.J.","contributorId":22940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piana","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023518,"text":"70023518 - 2001 - A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T16:30:10.25075","indexId":"70023518","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography","docAbstract":"The geologic structure of the Earth's upper crust can be revealed by modeling variation in seismic arrival times and in potential field measurements. We demonstrate a simple method for sequentially satisfying seismic traveltime and observed gravity residuals in an iterative 3-D inversion. The algorithm is portable to any seismic analysis method that uses a gridded representation of velocity structure. Our technique calculates the gravity anomaly resulting from a velocity model by converting to density with Gardner's rule. The residual between calculated and observed gravity is minimized by weighted adjustments to the model velocity-depth gradient where the gradient is steepest and where seismic coverage is least. The adjustments are scaled by the sign and magnitude of the gravity residuals, and a smoothing step is performed to minimize vertical streaking. The adjusted model is then used as a starting model in the next seismic traveltime iteration. The process is repeated until one velocity model can simultaneously satisfy both the gravity anomaly and seismic traveltime observations within acceptable misfits. We test our algorithm with data gathered in the Puget Lowland of Washington state, USA (Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound [SHIPS] experiment). We perform resolution tests with synthetic traveltime and gravity observations calculated with a checkerboard velocity model using the SHIPS experiment geometry, and show that the addition of gravity significantly enhances resolution. We calculate a new velocity model for the region using SHIPS traveltimes and observed gravity, and show examples where correlation between surface geology and modeled subsurface velocity structure is enhanced.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206810109465061","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Blakely, R., and Brocher, T., 2001, A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography: International Geology Review, v. 43, no. 12, p. 1073-1086, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465061.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1086","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.68408203124999,\n 46.924007100770275\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 46.924007100770275\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 48.23199134320962\n ],\n [\n -123.68408203124999,\n 48.23199134320962\n ],\n [\n -123.68408203124999,\n 46.924007100770275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58ae4b0c8380cd46de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}