{"pageNumber":"1127","pageRowStart":"28150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165446,"records":[{"id":70168359,"text":"70168359 - 2015 - Toward a mechanistic understanding of human-induced rapid environmental change: A case study linking energy development, avian nest predation, and predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T11:32:01","indexId":"70168359","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a mechanistic understanding of human-induced rapid environmental change: A case study linking energy development, avian nest predation, and predators","docAbstract":"
    \n
  1. Demographic consequences of human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) have been widely documented for many populations. The mechanisms underlying such patterns, however, are rarely investigated and yet are critical to understand for effective conservation and management.
    2. \n
  2. We investigated the mechanisms underlying reduced avian nest survival with intensification of natural gas development, an increasing source of human-induced rapid environmental change globally. We tested the hypothesis that energy development increased the local activity of important nest predator species, thereby elevating nest predation rates. During 2011–2012, we surveyed predators and monitored 668 nests of Brewer's sparrows Spizella breweri (BRSP), sagebrush sparrows Artemisiospiza nevadensis(SASPs) and sage thrashers Oreoscoptes montanus (SATHs) breeding at twelve sites spanning a gradient of habitat loss from energy development in western Wyoming, USA.
    3. \n
  3. Nine species, representing four mammalian and three avian families, were video-recorded depredating eggs and nestlings. Important nest predator species differed across songbird species, despite similar nesting habitats. Approximately 75% of depredation events were by rodents.
    4. \n
  4. Consistent with our predictions, detections of most rodent nest predators increased with surrounding habitat loss due to natural gas development, which was associated with increased probability of nest predation for our three focal bird species.
    5. \n
  5. An altered nest predator assemblage was therefore at least partly responsible for elevated avian nest predation risk in areas with more surrounding energy development.
    6. \n
  6. Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate one mechanism, that is the local augmentation of predators, by which human-induced rapid environmental change can influence the demography of local populations. Given the accelerating trajectory of global energy demands, an important next step will be to understand why the activity and/or abundance of rodent predators increased with surrounding habitat loss from energy development activities.
    7. \n
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12513","usgsCitation":"Hethcoat, M.G., and Chalfoun, A.D., 2015, Toward a mechanistic understanding of human-induced rapid environmental change: A case study linking energy development, avian nest predation, and predators: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 52, no. 6, p. 1492-1499, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12513.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1492","endPage":"1499","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064786","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12513","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44832e4b0946c65211722","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12513","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12513","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Hethcoat Matthew G., Chalfoun Anna D.","journalName":"Journal of Applied Ecology","publicationDate":"9/4/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hethcoat, Matthew G.","contributorId":66565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hethcoat","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D. achalfoun@usgs.gov","contributorId":3735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","email":"achalfoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168357,"text":"70168357 - 2015 - Incorporating microbial dormancy dynamics into soil decomposition models to improve quantification of soil carbon dynamics of northern temperate forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T10:53:43","indexId":"70168357","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating microbial dormancy dynamics into soil decomposition models to improve quantification of soil carbon dynamics of northern temperate forests","docAbstract":"

Soil carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Microbial-based decomposition models have seen much growth recently for quantifying this role, yet dormancy as a common strategy used by microorganisms has not usually been represented and tested in these models against field observations. Here we developed an explicit microbial-enzyme decomposition model and examined model performance with and without representation of microbial dormancy at six temperate forest sites of different forest types. We then extrapolated the model to global temperate forest ecosystems to investigate biogeochemical controls on soil heterotrophic respiration and microbial dormancy dynamics at different temporal-spatial scales. The dormancy model consistently produced better match with field-observed heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux (RH) than the no dormancy model. Our regional modeling results further indicated that models with dormancy were able to produce more realistic magnitude of microbial biomass (<2% of soil organic carbon) and soil RH (7.5 ± 2.4 Pg C yr−1). Spatial correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon content was the dominating factor (correlation coefficient = 0.4–0.6) in the simulated spatial pattern of soil RHwith both models. In contrast to strong temporal and local controls of soil temperature and moisture on microbial dormancy, our modeling results showed that soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) was a major regulating factor at regional scales (correlation coefficient = −0.43 to −0.58), indicating scale-dependent biogeochemical controls on microbial dynamics. Our findings suggest that incorporating microbial dormancy could improve the realism of microbial-based decomposition models and enhance the integration of soil experiments and mechanistically based modeling.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JG003130","usgsCitation":"He, Y., Yang, J., Zhuang, Q., Harden, J.W., McGuire, A.D., Liu, Y., Wang, G., and Gu, L., 2015, Incorporating microbial dormancy dynamics into soil decomposition models to improve quantification of soil carbon dynamics of northern temperate forests: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 12, p. 2596-2611, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003130.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2596","endPage":"2611","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062475","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jg003130","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482be4b0946c652116e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Yujie","contributorId":32444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Yujie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, Jinyan","contributorId":166929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Jinyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhuang, Qianlai","contributorId":101975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Qianlai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Yaling","contributorId":166930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Yaling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Gangsheng","contributorId":166931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Gangsheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gu, Lianhong 0000-0001-5756-8738","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5756-8738","contributorId":166932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gu","given":"Lianhong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70168365,"text":"70168365 - 2015 - Population trends and survival of nesting green sea turtles Chelonia mydas on Aves Island, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T15:06:23.594321","indexId":"70168365","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Population trends and survival of nesting green sea turtles Chelonia mydas on Aves Island, Venezuela","title":"Population trends and survival of nesting green sea turtles Chelonia mydas on Aves Island, Venezuela","docAbstract":"

Long-term demographic data are valuable for assessing the effect of anthropogenic impacts on endangered species and evaluating recovery programs. Using a 2-state open robust design model, we analyzed mark-recapture data from green turtles Chelonia mydas sighted between 1979 and 2009 on Aves Island, Venezuela, a rookery heavily impacted by human activities before it was declared a wildlife refuge in 1972. Based on the encounter histories of 7689 nesting females, we estimated the abundance, annual survival, and remigration intervals for this population. Female survival varied from 0.14-0.91, with a mean of 0.79, which is low compared to survival of other populations from the Caribbean (mean = 0.84) and Australia (mean = 0.95), even though we partially corrected for tag loss, which is known to negatively bias survival estimates. This supports prior suggestions that Caribbean populations in general, and the Aves Island population in particular, may be more strongly impacted than populations elsewhere. It is likely that nesters from this rookery are extracted while foraging in remote feeding grounds where hunting still occurs. Despite its relatively low survival, the nesting population at Aves Island increased during the past 30 years from approx. 500 to >1000 nesting females in 2009. Thus, this population, like others in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, seems to be slowly recovering following protective management. Although these findings support the importance of long-term conservation programs aimed at protecting nesting grounds, they also highlight the need to extend management actions to foraging grounds where human activities may still impact green turtle populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/esr00695","usgsCitation":"Garcia-Cruz, M.A., Lampo, M., Penaloza, C.L., Kendall, W., Sole, G., and Rodriguez-Clark, K.M., 2015, Population trends and survival of nesting green sea turtles Chelonia mydas on Aves Island, Venezuela: Endangered Species Research, v. 29, no. 2, p. 103-116, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00695.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061027","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Venezuela","otherGeospatial":"Aves Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -63.38424114450454,\n 15.41986000335801\n ],\n [\n -63.38424114450454,\n 15.383063099888886\n ],\n [\n -63.33335107339563,\n 15.383063099888886\n ],\n [\n -63.33335107339563,\n 15.41986000335801\n ],\n [\n -63.38424114450454,\n 15.41986000335801\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44831e4b0946c6521170b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia-Cruz, Marco A.","contributorId":166909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Cruz","given":"Marco","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lampo, Margarita","contributorId":166910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lampo","given":"Margarita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penaloza, Claudia L.","contributorId":166911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penaloza","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, William L. 0000-0003-0084-9891 wkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":166709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William L.","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sole, Genaro","contributorId":166912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sole","given":"Genaro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodriguez-Clark, Kathryn M.","contributorId":166913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez-Clark","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168364,"text":"70168364 - 2015 - Evaluation of a waistband for attaching external radiotransmitters to anurans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T09:18:56","indexId":"70168364","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a waistband for attaching external radiotransmitters to anurans","docAbstract":"

Radiotelemetry provides fine-scale temporal and spatial information about an individual's movements and habitat use; however, its use for monitoring amphibians has been restricted by transmitter mass and lack of suitable attachment techniques. We describe a novel waistband for attaching external radiotransmitters to anurans and evaluate the percentages of resulting abrasions, lacerations, and shed transmitters. We used radiotelemetry to monitor movements and habitat use of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in 2006 and 2011–2013 in Maine, USA; American toads (Anaxyrus americanus) in 2012 in North Carolina, USA; and, wood frogs, southern leopard frogs (L. sphenocephalus), and green frogs (L. clamitans) in 2012 in South Carolina, USA. We monitored 172 anurans for 1–365 days (56.4 ± 59.4) in a single year and 1–691 days (60.5 ± 94.1) across years. Our waistband resulted in an injury percentage comparable to 7 alternative anuran waistband attachment techniques; however, 12.5% fewer anurans shed their waistband when attached with our technique. Waistband retention facilitates longer monitoring periods and, thus, provides a greater quantity of data per radiotagged individual.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.554","usgsCitation":"Groff, L.A., Pitt, A.L., Baldwin, R.F., Calhoun, A.J., and Loftin, C., 2015, Evaluation of a waistband for attaching external radiotransmitters to anurans: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 39, no. 3, p. 610-615, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.554.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"615","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059664","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/2de99f8197794b30b5eb6bbf1c431a2c","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482be4b0946c652116dc","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/wsb.554","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.554","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Groff Luke A., Pitt Amber L., Baldwin Robert F., Calhoun Aram J. K., Loftin Cynthia S.","journalName":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","publicationDate":"7/2015","auditedOn":"10/1/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groff, Luke A.","contributorId":95735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groff","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitt, Amber L.","contributorId":166900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitt","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, Robert F.","contributorId":96415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calhoun, Aram J.K.","contributorId":93829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Aram","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loftin, Cyndy 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":146427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cyndy","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168369,"text":"70168369 - 2015 - Depth of artificial Burrowing Owl burrows affects thermal suitability and occupancy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T09:09:59","indexId":"70168369","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth of artificial Burrowing Owl burrows affects thermal suitability and occupancy","docAbstract":"

Many organizations have installed artificial burrows to help bolster local Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) populations. However, occupancy probability and reproductive success in artificial burrows varies within and among burrow installations. We evaluated the possibility that depth below ground might explain differences in occupancy probability and reproductive success by affecting the temperature of artificial burrows. We measured burrow temperatures from March to July 2010 in 27 artificial burrows in southern California that were buried 15–76 cm below the surface (measured between the surface and the top of the burrow chamber). Burrow depth was one of several characteristics that affected burrow temperature. Burrow temperature decreased by 0.03°C per cm of soil on top of the burrow. The percentage of time that artificial burrows provided a thermal refuge from above-ground temperature decreased with burrow depth and ranged between 50% and 58% among burrows. The percentage of time that burrow temperature was optimal for incubating females also decreased with burrow depth and ranged between 27% and 100% among burrows. However, the percentage of time that burrow temperature was optimal for unattended eggs increased with burrow depth and ranged between 11% and 95% among burrows. We found no effect of burrow depth on reproductive success across 21 nesting attempts. However, occupancy probability had a non-linear relationship with burrow depth. The shallowest burrows (15 cm) had a moderate probability of being occupied (0.46), burrows between 28 and 40 cm had the highest probability of being occupied (>0.80), and burrows >53 cm had the lowest probability of being occupied (<0.43). Burrowing Owls may prefer burrows at moderate depths because these burrows provide a thermal refuge from above-ground temperatures, and are often cool enough to allow females to leave eggs unattended before the onset of full-time incubation, but not too cool for incubating females that spend most of their time in the burrow during incubation. Our results suggest that depth is an important consideration when installing artificial burrows for Burrowing Owls. However, additional study is needed to determine the possible effects of burrow depth on reproductive success and on possible tradeoffs between the effects of burrow depth on optimal temperature and other factors, such as minimizing the risk of nest predation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12119","usgsCitation":"Nadeau, C.P., Conway, C.J., and Rathbun, N., 2015, Depth of artificial Burrowing Owl burrows affects thermal suitability and occupancy: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 86, no. 4, p. 288-297, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12119.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"297","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066728","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482ae4b0946c652116d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadeau, Christopher P.","contributorId":105956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rathbun, Nathan","contributorId":166899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathbun","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173495,"text":"70173495 - 2015 - Effects of geoduck (Panopea generosa) aquaculture on resident and transient macrofauna communities of Puget Sound, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T11:44:36","indexId":"70173495","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of geoduck (Panopea generosa) aquaculture on resident and transient macrofauna communities of Puget Sound, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"

In Washington state, commercial culture of geoducks (Panopea generosa) involves large-scale out-planting of juveniles to intertidal habitats, and installation of PVC tubes and netting to exclude predators and increase early survival. Structures associated with this nascent aquaculture method are examined to determine whether they affect patterns of use by resident and transient macrofauna. Results are summarized from regular surveys of aquaculture operations and reference beaches in 2009 to 2011 at three sites during three phases of culture: (1) pregear (-geoducks, -structure), (2) gear present (+geoducks, +structures), and (3) postgear (+geoducks, -structures). Resident macroinvertebrates (infauna and epifauna) were sampled monthly (in most cases) using coring methods at low tide during all three phases. Differences in community composition between culture plots and reference areas were examined with permutational analysis of variance and homogeneity of multivariate dispersion tests. Scuba and shoreline transect surveys were used to examine habitat use by transient fish and macroinvertebrates. Analysis of similarity and complementary nonmetric multidimensional scaling were used to compare differences between species functional groups and habitat type during different aquaculture phases. Results suggest that resident and transient macrofauna respond differently to structures associated with geoduck aquaculture. No consistent differences in the community of resident macrofauna were observed at culture plots or reference areas at the three sites during any year. Conversely, total abundance of transient fish and macroinvertebrates were more than two times greater at culture plots than reference areas when aquaculture structures were in place. Community composition differed (analysis of similarity) between culture and reference plots during the gear-present phase, but did not persist to the next farming stage (postgear). Habitat complexity associated with shellfish aquaculture may attract some structure-associated transient species observed infrequently on reference beaches, and may displace other species that typically occur in areas lacking epibenthic structure. This study provides a first look at the effects of multiple phases of geoduck farming on macrofauna, and has important implications for the management of a rapidly expanding sector of the aquaculture industry.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Shellfisheries Association","doi":"10.2983/035.034.0122","usgsCitation":"Mcdonald, P.S., Galloway, A.W., McPeek, K.C., and VanBlaricom, G.R., 2015, Effects of geoduck (Panopea generosa) aquaculture on resident and transient macrofauna communities of Puget Sound, Washington, USA: Journal of Shellfish Research, p. 189-202, https://doi.org/10.2983/035.034.0122.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061621","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.035888671875,\n 48.69458640884518\n ],\n [\n -122.95349121093749,\n 47.94026691125948\n ],\n [\n -122.882080078125,\n 47.72823964536174\n ],\n [\n -123.21441650390625,\n 47.36301344013392\n ],\n [\n -123.14849853515625,\n 47.023333688184934\n ],\n [\n -122.29156494140625,\n 47.04579711504287\n ],\n [\n -122.22564697265625,\n 47.34626718205302\n ],\n [\n -122.17071533203125,\n 47.53389264528655\n ],\n [\n -122.01965332031249,\n 47.557993859037765\n ],\n [\n -122.05535888671875,\n 47.700520033704954\n ],\n [\n -122.23114013671875,\n 47.897930761804936\n ],\n [\n -122.05810546875,\n 47.98624517426206\n ],\n [\n -122.04986572265624,\n 48.03034580796616\n ],\n [\n -122.46734619140625,\n 48.5147849720974\n ],\n [\n -122.41241455078125,\n 48.600225060468915\n ],\n [\n -122.43713378906249,\n 48.72720881940671\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 48.78153250728971\n ],\n [\n -123.035888671875,\n 48.69458640884518\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f32e4b07657d19c788f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mcdonald, P. Sean","contributorId":171699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mcdonald","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Aaron W.E.","contributorId":172072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galloway","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPeek, Kathleen C.","contributorId":172073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McPeek","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanBlaricom, Glenn R. glennvb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"Glenn","email":"glennvb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173494,"text":"70173494 - 2015 - Distribution, abundance, and habitat associations of a large bivalve (Panopea generosa) in a eutrophic, fjord estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T12:01:14","indexId":"70173494","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-15T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, abundance, and habitat associations of a large bivalve (Panopea generosa) in a eutrophic, fjord estuary","docAbstract":"

Marine bivalves are important ecosystem constituents and frequently support valuable fisheries. In many nearshore areas, human disturbance—including declining habitat and water quality—can affect the distribution and abundance of bivalve populations, and complicate ecosystem and fishery management assessments. Infaunal bivalves, in particular, are frequently cryptic and difficult to detect; thus, assessing potential impacts on their populations requires suitable, scalable methods for estimating abundance and distribution. In this study, population size of a common benthic bivalve (the geoduck Panopea generosa) is estimated with a Bayesian habitat-based model fit to scuba and tethered camera data in Hood Canal, a fjord basin in Washington state. Densities declined more than two orders of magnitude along a north—south gradient, concomitant with patterns of deepwater dissolved oxygen, and intensity and duration of seasonal hypoxia. Across the basin, geoducks were most abundant in loose, unconsolidated, sand substrate. The current study demonstrates the utility of using scuba, tethered video, and habitat models to estimate the abundance and distribution of a large infaunal bivalve at a regional (385-km2) scale.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Shellfisheries Association","doi":"10.2983/035.034.0117","usgsCitation":"Mcdonald, P.S., Essington, T.E., Davis, J.P., Galloway, A.W., Stevick, B.C., Jensen, G.C., VanBlaricom, G.R., and Armstrong, D., 2015, Distribution, abundance, and habitat associations of a large bivalve (Panopea generosa) in a eutrophic, fjord estuary: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 34, no. 1, p. 137-145, https://doi.org/10.2983/035.034.0117.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063458","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hood Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84362792968749,\n 47.44480754169439\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 47.428087261714275\n ],\n [\n -122.93426513671875,\n 47.37696459572701\n ],\n [\n -123.02627563476562,\n 47.349989032003215\n ],\n [\n -123.07159423828125,\n 47.344406158662096\n ],\n [\n -123.101806640625,\n 47.352780247239586\n ],\n [\n -123.10867309570311,\n 47.333238640473475\n ],\n [\n -123.14163208007811,\n 47.336961408985005\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 47.352780247239586\n ],\n [\n -123.15948486328126,\n 47.38998234483188\n ],\n [\n -123.12240600585938,\n 47.4596655525415\n ],\n [\n -123.06335449218749,\n 47.53111102290634\n ],\n [\n -123.00155639648436,\n 47.61264397257417\n ],\n [\n -122.96585083007812,\n 47.640410285382224\n ],\n [\n -122.93014526367188,\n 47.65891296651944\n ],\n [\n -122.89993286132812,\n 47.706065135695745\n ],\n [\n -122.88894653320311,\n 47.743017409121826\n ],\n [\n -122.87933349609376,\n 47.81684332352077\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 47.82975208084834\n ],\n [\n -122.81204223632811,\n 47.86293128876346\n ],\n [\n -122.78045654296874,\n 47.83528342275264\n ],\n [\n -122.7777099609375,\n 47.81684332352077\n ],\n [\n -122.80929565429688,\n 47.70514099299205\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 47.68850362252604\n ],\n [\n -122.7777099609375,\n 47.75502125407674\n ],\n [\n -122.75161743164061,\n 47.79470655664555\n ],\n [\n -122.73239135742188,\n 47.82237604116143\n ],\n [\n -122.69119262695311,\n 47.850952356425296\n ],\n [\n -122.68981933593749,\n 47.869380336792005\n ],\n [\n -122.60879516601561,\n 47.8527954492302\n ],\n [\n -122.67608642578126,\n 47.79562911029222\n ],\n [\n -122.71728515624999,\n 47.74486433470359\n ],\n [\n -122.73788452148436,\n 47.71715357016648\n ],\n [\n -122.74200439453125,\n 47.68203210030427\n ],\n [\n -122.75161743164061,\n 47.66168780332917\n ],\n [\n -122.84225463867186,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -122.85873413085936,\n 47.64318610543658\n ],\n [\n -122.91366577148438,\n 47.613569753973955\n ],\n [\n -122.93701171874999,\n 47.581157652951454\n ],\n [\n -122.95486450195311,\n 47.57930492644292\n ],\n [\n -122.96585083007812,\n 47.57467282332527\n ],\n [\n -122.991943359375,\n 47.53945544742392\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 47.49864785970502\n ],\n [\n -123.06060791015624,\n 47.45037978769006\n ],\n [\n -123.10455322265625,\n 47.40299687942135\n ],\n [\n -123.09494018554686,\n 47.38440370312246\n ],\n [\n -123.04412841796875,\n 47.37603463349758\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 47.386263315961884\n ],\n [\n -122.97134399414061,\n 47.409502941311075\n ],\n [\n -122.85873413085936,\n 47.44294999517949\n ],\n [\n -122.84362792968749,\n 47.44480754169439\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f32e4b07657d19c788d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mcdonald, P. Sean","contributorId":171699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mcdonald","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Essington, Timothy E.","contributorId":95826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Essington","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13190,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Jonathan P.","contributorId":172078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galloway, Aaron W.E.","contributorId":172072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galloway","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stevick, Bethany C.","contributorId":172079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevick","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, Gregory C.","contributorId":172080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"VanBlaricom, Glenn R. glennvb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"Glenn","email":"glennvb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Armstrong, David A.","contributorId":172081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70168432,"text":"70168432 - 2015 - Large divergence of satellite and Earth system model estimates of global terrestrial CO2 fertilization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T11:20:50","indexId":"70168432","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large divergence of satellite and Earth system model estimates of global terrestrial CO2 fertilization","docAbstract":"

Atmospheric mass balance analyses suggest that terrestrial carbon (C) storage is increasing, partially abating the atmospheric [CO2] growth rate, although the continued strength of this important ecosystem service remains uncertain. Some evidence suggests that these increases will persist owing to positive responses of vegetation growth (net primary productivity; NPP) to rising atmospheric [CO2] (that is, ‘CO2 fertilization’). Here, we present a new satellite-derived global terrestrial NPP data set, which shows a significant increase in NPP from 1982 to 2011. However, comparison against Earth system model (ESM) NPP estimates reveals a significant divergence, with satellite-derived increases (2.8 ± 1.50%) less than half of ESM-derived increases (7.6  ±  1.67%) over the 30-year period. By isolating the CO2 fertilization effect in each NPP time series and comparing it against a synthesis of available free-air CO2 enrichment data, we provide evidence that much of the discrepancy may be due to an over-sensitivity of ESMs to atmospheric [CO2], potentially reflecting an under-representation of climatic feedbacks and/or a lack of representation of nutrient constraints. Our understanding of CO2 fertilization effects on NPP needs rapid improvement to enable more accurate projections of future C cycle–climate feedbacks; we contend that better integration of modelling, satellite and experimental approaches offers a promising way forward.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nclimate2879","usgsCitation":"Smith, W.K., Reed, S.C., Cleveland, C.C., Ballantyne, A.P., Anderegg, W.R., Wieder, W.R., Liu, Y.Y., and Running, S.W., 2015, Large divergence of satellite and Earth system model estimates of global terrestrial CO2 fertilization: Nature Climate Change, v. 6, p. 306-310, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2879.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"310","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066726","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf022be4b06458514b30f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, W. Kolby","contributorId":166783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kolby","affiliations":[{"id":24513,"text":"Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, Cory C.","contributorId":10264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballantyne, Ashley P","contributorId":166784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballantyne","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":24513,"text":"Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderegg, William R. L.","contributorId":166785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderegg","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R. L.","affiliations":[{"id":24514,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wieder, William R.","contributorId":75792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieder","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Yi Y","contributorId":166786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Yi","email":"","middleInitial":"Y","affiliations":[{"id":24515,"text":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Systems Science & Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Running, Steven W. 0000-0001-6906-3841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3841","contributorId":53258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70168435,"text":"70168435 - 2015 - Floristic similarity, diversity and endemism as indicators of refugia characteristics and needs in the West","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T13:18:14","indexId":"70168435","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1004,"text":"Biodiversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floristic similarity, diversity and endemism as indicators of refugia characteristics and needs in the West","docAbstract":"

The floras of mountain ranges, and their similarity, beta diversity and endemism, are indicative of processes of community assembly; they are also the initial conditions for coming disassembly and reassembly in response to climate change. As such, these characteristics can inform thinking on refugia. The published floras or approximations for 42 mountain ranges in the three major mountain systems (Sierra-Cascades, Rocky Mountains and Great Basin ranges) across the western USA and southwestern Canada were analysed. The similarity is higher among the ranges of the Rockies while equally low among the ranges of the Sierra-Cascades and Great Basin. Mantel correlations of similarity with geographic distance are also higher for the Rocky Mountains. Endemism is relatively high, but is highest in the Sierra-Cascades (due to the Sierra Nevada as the single largest range) and lowest in the Great Basin, where assemblages are allochthonous. These differences indicate that the geologic substrates of the Cascade volcanoes, which are much younger than any others, play a role in addition to geographic isolation in community assembly. The pattern of similarity and endemism indicates that the ranges of the Cascades will not function well as stepping stones and the endemic species that they harbor may need more protection than those of the Rocky Mountains. The geometry of the ranges is complemented by geology in setting the stage for similarity and the potential for refugia across the West. Understanding the geographic template as initial conditions for the future can guide the forecast of refugia and related monitoring or protection efforts.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2015.1117989","usgsCitation":"Malanson, G.P., Zimmerman, D.L., and Fagre, D.B., 2015, Floristic similarity, diversity and endemism as indicators of refugia characteristics and needs in the West: Biodiversity, v. 16, no. 4, p. 237-246, https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2015.1117989.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"246","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066834","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf0229e4b06458514b30f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malanson, George P.","contributorId":36768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malanson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Dale L.","contributorId":166811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168425,"text":"70168425 - 2015 - Past and future warming of a deep European lake (Lake Lugano): What are the climatic drivers?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T13:11:25","indexId":"70168425","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past and future warming of a deep European lake (Lake Lugano): What are the climatic drivers?","docAbstract":"

We used four decades (1972–2013) of temperature data from Lake Lugano, Switzerland and Italy, to address the hypotheses that: [i] the lake has been warming; [ii] part of the warming reflects global trends and is independent from climatic oscillations and [iii] the lake will continue to warm until the end of the 21st century. During the time spanned by our data, the surface waters of the lake (0–5 m) warmed at rates of 0.2–0.9 °C per decade, depending on season. The temperature of the deep waters (50-m bottom) displayed a rising trend in a meromictic basin of the lake and a sawtooth pattern in the other basin, which is holomictic. Long-term variation in surfacewater temperature correlated to global warming and multidecadal variation in two climatic oscillations, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the East Atlantic Pattern (EA).However, we did not detect an influence of the EA on the lake's temperature (as separate from the effect of global warming). Moreover, the effect of the AMO, estimated to a maximum of +1 °C, was not sufficient to explain the observed temperature increase (+2–3 °C in summer). Based on regional climate projections, we predicted that the lake will continue to warm at least until the end of the 21st century. Our results strongly suggest that the warming of Lake Lugano is tied to globalclimate change. To sustain current ecosystem conditions in Lake Lugano, we suggest that manage- ment plans that curtail eutrophication and (or) mitigation of global warming be pursued.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.08.004","usgsCitation":"Lepori, F., and Roberts, J., 2015, Past and future warming of a deep European lake (Lake Lugano): What are the climatic drivers?: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 4, p. 973-981, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.08.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"973","endPage":"981","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062114","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy, Switzerland","otherGeospatial":"Lake Lugano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 9.128265380859375,\n 46.02462129598765\n ],\n [\n 9.093246459960938,\n 46.003162403888766\n ],\n [\n 9.043121337890625,\n 46.01079318614809\n ],\n [\n 8.979263305664062,\n 45.98217232489232\n ],\n [\n 8.9703369140625,\n 45.94303320745295\n ],\n [\n 8.98681640625,\n 45.91294412737392\n ],\n [\n 8.977890014648438,\n 45.90099949265736\n ],\n [\n 8.968276977539062,\n 45.90386643939614\n ],\n [\n 8.966217041015625,\n 45.92536382097966\n ],\n [\n 8.949050903320312,\n 45.933482886823676\n ],\n [\n 8.90167236328125,\n 45.9000438108451\n ],\n [\n 8.892059326171875,\n 45.90338862522072\n ],\n [\n 8.883819580078125,\n 45.933960441921585\n ],\n [\n 8.887252807617188,\n 45.952581883190994\n ],\n [\n 8.854293823242188,\n 45.96212891405598\n ],\n [\n 8.86390686035156,\n 45.97549199391509\n ],\n [\n 8.881072998046875,\n 45.96976535445165\n ],\n [\n 8.89068603515625,\n 45.994099482736694\n ],\n [\n 8.916091918945312,\n 45.99553056897413\n ],\n [\n 8.902359008789062,\n 45.97024259702345\n ],\n [\n 8.90716552734375,\n 45.952104488469985\n ],\n [\n 8.90167236328125,\n 45.9353930825417\n ],\n [\n 8.913345336914062,\n 45.924408558629004\n ],\n [\n 8.942184448242188,\n 45.95783295371863\n ],\n [\n 8.951797485351562,\n 45.9874205909687\n ],\n [\n 8.944931030273438,\n 45.9950535443403\n ],\n [\n 8.953170776367188,\n 46.00602407059352\n ],\n [\n 8.977890014648438,\n 46.003162403888766\n ],\n [\n 9.043807983398438,\n 46.02795859751178\n ],\n [\n 9.08843994140625,\n 46.026528350100904\n ],\n [\n 9.1131591796875,\n 46.03987588680908\n ],\n [\n 9.128265380859375,\n 46.02462129598765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf022ee4b06458514b3105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lepori, Fabio","contributorId":166767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepori","given":"Fabio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24502,"text":"Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, James 0000-0002-4193-610X jroberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-610X","contributorId":5453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"jroberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168370,"text":"70168370 - 2015 - Influence of habitat and intrinsic characteristics on survival of neonatal pronghorn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T12:37:52","indexId":"70168370","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of habitat and intrinsic characteristics on survival of neonatal pronghorn","docAbstract":"

Increased understanding of the influence of habitat (e.g., composition, patch size) and intrinsic (e.g., age, birth mass) factors on survival of neonatal pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) is a prerequisite to successful management programs, particularly as they relate to population dynamics and the role of population models in adaptive species management. Nevertheless, few studies have presented empirical data quantifying the influence of habitat variables on survival of neonatal pronghorn. During 2002–2005, we captured and radiocollared 116 neonates across two sites in western South Dakota. We documented 31 deaths during our study, of which coyote (Canis latrans) predation (n = 15) was the leading cause of mortality. We used known fate analysis in Program MARK to investigate the influence of intrinsic and habitat variables on neonatal survival. We generated a priori models that we grouped into habitat and intrinsic effects. The highest-ranking model indicated that neonate mortality was best explained by site, percent grassland, and open water habitat; 90-day survival (0.80; 90% CI = 0.71–0.88) declined 23% when grassland and water increased from 80.1 to 92.3% and 0.36 to 0.40%, respectively, across 50% natal home ranges. Further, our results indicated that grassland patch size and shrub density were important predictors of neonate survival; neonate survival declined 17% when shrub density declined from 5.0 to 2.5 patches per 100 ha. Excluding the site covariates, intrinsic factors (i.e., sex, age, birth mass, year, parturition date) were not important predictors of survival of neonatal pronghorns. Further, neonatal survival may depend on available land cover and interspersion of habitats. We have demonstrated that maintaining minimum and maximum thresholds for habitat factors (e.g., percentages of grassland and open water patches, density of shrub patches) throughout natal home ranges will in turn, ensure relatively high (>0.50) neonatal survival rates, especially as they relate to coyote predation. Thus, landscape level variables (particularly percentages of open water, grassland habitats, and shrub density) should be incorporated into the development or implementation of pronghorn management plans across sagebrush steppe communities of the western Dakotas, and potentially elsewhere within the geographic range of pronghorn.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0144026","usgsCitation":"Jacques, C.N., Jenks, J., Grovenburg, T.W., and Klaver, R.W., 2015, Influence of habitat and intrinsic characteristics on survival of neonatal pronghorn: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 12, e0144026; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144026.","productDescription":"e0144026; 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067993","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Fall River County, Harding County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -102.89794921875,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -102.89794921875,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 45.205263456162385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 43.00866413845207\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 43.49676775343911\n ],\n [\n -102.9473876953125,\n 43.49676775343911\n ],\n [\n -102.9473876953125,\n 43.00866413845207\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 43.00866413845207\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f34e4b08d617f66001d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacques, Christopher N.","contributorId":15521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168329,"text":"70168329 - 2015 - How big of an effect do small dams have? Using geomorphological footprints to quantify spatial impact of low-head dams and identify patterns of across-dam variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T11:38:09","indexId":"70168329","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How big of an effect do small dams have? Using geomorphological footprints to quantify spatial impact of low-head dams and identify patterns of across-dam variation","docAbstract":"

Longitudinal connectivity is a fundamental characteristic of rivers that can be disrupted by natural and anthropogenic processes. Dams are significant disruptions to streams. Over 2,000,000 low-head dams (<7.6 m high) fragment United States rivers. Despite potential adverse impacts of these ubiquitous disturbances, the spatial impacts of low-head dams on geomorphology and ecology are largely untested. Progress for research and conservation is impaired by not knowing the magnitude of low-head dam impacts. Based on the geomorphic literature, we refined a methodology that allowed us to quantify the spatial extent of low-head dam impacts (herein dam footprint), assessed variation in dam footprints across low-head dams within a river network, and identified select aspects of the context of this variation. Wetted width, depth, and substrate size distributions upstream and downstream of six low-head dams within the Upper Neosho River, Kansas, United States of America were measured. Total dam footprints averaged 7.9 km (3.0–15.3 km) or 287 wetted widths (136–437 wetted widths). Estimates included both upstream (mean: 6.7 km or 243 wetted widths) and downstream footprints (mean: 1.2 km or 44 wetted widths). Altogether the six low-head dams impacted 47.3 km (about 17%) of the mainstem in the river network. Despite differences in age, size, location, and primary function, the sizes of geomorphic footprints of individual low-head dams in the Upper Neosho river network were relatively similar. The number of upstream dams and distance to upstream dams, but not dam height, affected the spatial extent of dam footprints. In summary, ubiquitous low-head dams individually and cumulatively altered lotic ecosystems. Both characteristics of individual dams and the context of neighboring dams affected low-head dam impacts within the river network. For these reasons, low-head dams require a different, more integrative, approach for research and management than the individualistic approach that has been applied to larger dams.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0141210","usgsCitation":"Fencl, J.S., Mather, M.E., Costigan, K., and Daniels, M.D., 2015, How big of an effect do small dams have? Using geomorphological footprints to quantify spatial impact of low-head dams and identify patterns of across-dam variation: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 11, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141210.","productDescription":"e0141210; 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063471","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141210","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f34e4b08d617f660016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fencl, Jane S.","contributorId":166699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fencl","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costigan, Katie H.","contributorId":166700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costigan","given":"Katie H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniels, Melinda D.","contributorId":166701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniels","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168330,"text":"70168330 - 2015 - Evaluation of capture techniques on lesser prairie-chicken trap injury and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T11:18:21","indexId":"70168330","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of capture techniques on lesser prairie-chicken trap injury and survival","docAbstract":"

Ethical treatment of research animals is required under the Animal Welfare Act. This includes trapping methodologies that reduce unnecessary pain and duress. Traps used in research should optimize animal welfare conditions within the context of the proposed research study. Several trapping techniques are used in the study of lesser prairie-chickens, despite lack of knowledge of trap injury caused by the various methods. From 2006 to 2012, we captured 217, 40, and 144 lesser prairie-chickens Tympanuchus pallidicinctus using walk-in funnel traps, rocket nets, and drop nets, respectively, in New Mexico and Texas, to assess the effects of capture technique on injury and survival of the species. We monitored radiotagged, injured lesser prairie-chickens 7–65 d postcapture to assess survival rates of injured individuals. Injuries occurred disproportionately among trap type, injury type, and sex. The predominant injuries were superficial cuts to the extremities of males captured in walk-in funnel traps. However, we observed no mortalities due to trapping, postcapture survival rates of injured birds did not vary across trap types, and the daily survival probability of an injured and uninjured bird was ≥99%. Frequency and intensity of injuries in walk-in funnel traps are due to the passive nature of these traps (researcher cannot select specific individuals for capture) and incidental capture of individuals not needed for research. Comparatively, rocket nets and drop nets allow observers to target birds for capture and require immediate removal of captured individuals from the trap. Based on our results, trap injuries would be reduced if researchers monitor and immediately remove birds from walk-in funnels before they injure themselves; move traps to target specific birds and reduce recaptures; limit the number of consecutive trapping days on a lek; and use proper netting techniques that incorporate quick, efficient, trained handling procedures.

","language":"English","doi":"10.3996/032015-JFWM-022","usgsCitation":"Grisham, B.A., Boal, C.W., Mitchell, N.R., Gicklhorn, T.S., Borsdorf, P.K., Haukos, D.A., and Dixon, C., 2015, Evaluation of capture techniques on lesser prairie-chicken trap injury and survival: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 6, no. 2, p. 318-326, https://doi.org/10.3996/032015-JFWM-022.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063997","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/032015-jfwm-022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f30e4b08d617f660004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Natasia R.","contributorId":166697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Natasia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gicklhorn, Trevor S.","contributorId":166698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gicklhorn","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24740,"text":"Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borsdorf, Philip K.","contributorId":93386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borsdorf","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24740,"text":"Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dixon, Charles","contributorId":68203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70168336,"text":"70168336 - 2015 - Bioelectrical impedance analysis: A new tool for assessing fish condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:37:39","indexId":"70168336","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis: A new tool for assessing fish condition","docAbstract":"

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used in human health and nutrition fields but has only recently been considered as a potential tool for assessing fish condition. Once BIA is calibrated, it estimates fat/moisture levels and energy content without the need to kill fish. Despite the promise held by BIA, published studies have been divided on whether BIA can provide accurate estimates of body composition in fish. In cases where BIA was not successful, the models lacked the range of fat levels or sample sizes we determined were needed for model success (range of dry fat levels of 29%, n = 60, yielding an R2 of 0.8). Reduced range of fat levels requires an increased sample size to achieve that benchmark; therefore, standardization of methods is needed. Here we discuss standardized methods based on a decade of research, identify sources of error, discuss where BIA is headed, and suggest areas for future research.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2015.1106943","usgsCitation":"Hartman, K.J., Margraf, F.J., Hafs, A.W., and Cox, M.K., 2015, Bioelectrical impedance analysis: A new tool for assessing fish condition: Fisheries, v. 40, no. 12, p. 590-600, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2015.1106943.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"600","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056040","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f2ee4b08d617f65fff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Kyle J.","contributorId":6414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartman","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16210,"text":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Margraf, F. Joseph jmargraf@usgs.gov","contributorId":257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.","email":"jmargraf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hafs, Andrew W.","contributorId":57308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafs","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, M. Keith","contributorId":166685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160003,"text":"sir20155177 - 2015 - Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T15:03:46","indexId":"sir20155177","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-08T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5177","title":"Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington","docAbstract":"

Heavy sediment loads in the Sumas River of Whatcom County, Washington, increase seasonal turbidity and cause locally acute sedimentation. Most sediment in the Sumas River is derived from a deep-seated landslide of serpentinite that is located on Sumas Mountain and drained by Swift Creek, a tributary to the Sumas River. This mafic sediment contains high amounts of naturally occurring asbestiform chrysotile. A known human-health hazard, asbestiform chrysotile comprises 0.25–37 percent, by mass, of the total suspended sediment sampled from the Sumas River as part of this study, which included part of water year 2011 and all of water years 2012 and 2013. The suspended-sediment load in the Sumas River at South Pass Road, 0.6 kilometers (km) downstream of the confluence with Swift Creek, was 22,000 tonnes (t) in water year 2012 and 49,000 t in water year 2013. The suspended‑sediment load at Telegraph Road, 18.8 km downstream of the Swift Creek confluence, was 22,000 t in water year 2012 and 27,000 t in water year 2013. Although hydrologic conditions during the study were wetter than normal overall, the 2-year flood peak was only modestly exceeded in water years 2011 and 2013; runoff‑driven geomorphic disturbance to the watershed, which might have involved mass wasting from the landslide, seemed unexceptional. In water year 2012, flood peaks were modest, and the annual streamflow was normal. The fact that suspended-sediment loads in water year 2012 were equivalent at sites 0.6 and 18.8 km downstream of the sediment source indicates that the conservation of suspended‑sediment load can occur under normal hydrologic conditions. The substantial decrease in suspended-sediment load in the downstream direction in water year 2013 was attributed to either sedimentation in the intervening river reach, transfer to bedload as an alternate mode of sediment transport, or both.

The sediment in the Sumas River is distinct from sediment in most other river systems because of the large percentage of asbestiform chrysotile in suspension. The suspended sediment carried by the Sumas River consists of three major components: (1) a relatively dense, largely non-flocculated material that settles rapidly out of suspension; (2) a lighter component containing relatively high proportions of flocculated material, much of it composed of asbestiform chrysotile; and (3) individual chrysotile fibers that are too small to flocculate or settle out, and remain in suspension as wash load (these fibers are on the order of microns in length and tenths of microns in diameter). Whereas the bulk density of the first (heaviest) component of suspended sediment was between 1.5 and 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), the bulk density of the flocculated material was an order of magnitude lower (0.16 g/cm3), even after 24 hours of settling. Soon after immersion in water, the fresh chrysotile fibers derived from the Swift Creek landslide seem to flocculate readily into large bundles, or floccules, that exhibit settling velocities characteristic of coarse silts and fine sands (30 and 250 micrometers). In quiescent water within this river system, the floccules settle out quickly, but still leave between 2.4 and 19.5 million chrysotile fibers per liter in the clear overlying water. Consistent with the results from previous laboratory research, the amounts of asbestiform chrysotile in the water column in Swift Creek, as well as in the Sumas River close to and downstream of its confluence with Swift Creek, were determined to be directly correlated with pH. This observation offers a possible alternative to either turbidity or suspended‑sediment concentration as a surrogate for the concentration of fresh asbestiform chrysotile in suspension.

Continued movement and associated erosion of the landslide through mass wasting and runoff will maintain large sediment loads in Swift Creek and in the Sumas River for the foreseeable future. Given the present channel morphology of the river system, aggradation (that is, sediment accumulation) in Swift Creek and the Sumas River are also likely to continue.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Anderson, S.W., Barbash, J.E., Magirl, C.S., Cox, S.E., Norton, K.K., Gendaszek, A.S., Spanjer, A.R., and Foreman, J.R., 2016, Transport and deposition of asbestos-rich sediment in the Sumas River, Whatcom County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5177, 51 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155177.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; Appendixes A-H","startPage":"1","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066836","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316682,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","description":"SIR 2015-5177 PDF"},{"id":316683,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"25 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix A"},{"id":316684,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixb.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"51 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix B"},{"id":316685,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixc.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"6.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix C"},{"id":316686,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixd.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix D"},{"id":316687,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixe.xlsx","text":"Appendix E","size":"13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix E"},{"id":316688,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixf.xlsx","text":"Appendix F","size":"234 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix F"},{"id":316689,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixg.xlsx","text":"Appendix G","size":"29 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix G"},{"id":316690,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/sir20155177_appendixh.xlsx","text":"Appendix H","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix H"},{"id":316511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5177/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Whatcom County","otherGeospatial":"Sumas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.35267639160156,\n 49.00139345263396\n ],\n [\n -122.36160278320311,\n 48.99733908118444\n ],\n [\n -122.37876892089842,\n 48.98562459864604\n ],\n [\n -122.37670898437499,\n 48.97751295870069\n ],\n [\n -122.3650360107422,\n 48.972555195463336\n ],\n [\n -122.36709594726562,\n 48.94820993324199\n ],\n [\n -122.35748291015625,\n 48.91347483782297\n ],\n [\n -122.33070373535155,\n 48.90354608612109\n ],\n [\n -122.32315063476562,\n 48.87826399706969\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 48.86381134898791\n ],\n [\n -122.28675842285158,\n 48.84212454876025\n ],\n [\n -122.25997924804688,\n 48.83941303819501\n ],\n [\n -122.20985412597656,\n 48.871038194878636\n ],\n [\n -122.18788146972655,\n 48.907608086640366\n ],\n [\n -122.17758178710939,\n 48.950013693526294\n ],\n [\n -122.17758178710939,\n 48.98787759766659\n ],\n [\n -122.17689514160158,\n 49.002294379248696\n ],\n [\n -122.35267639160156,\n 49.00139345263396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-02-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b081bee4b010e2af2a11c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Scott W. 0000-0003-1678-5204 swanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1678-5204","contributorId":107001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Scott","email":"swanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbash, Jack E. 0000-0001-9854-8880 jbarbash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8880","contributorId":1003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"Jack","email":"jbarbash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, Stephen E. 0000-0001-6614-8225 secox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-8225","contributorId":1642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Stephen","email":"secox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norton, Katherine K. knorton@usgs.gov","contributorId":156270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Katherine K.","email":"knorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spanjer, Andrew R. 0000-0002-7288-2722 aspanjer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-2722","contributorId":156271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanjer","given":"Andrew","email":"aspanjer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":139316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James R.","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70164414,"text":"70164414 - 2015 - Do ducks and songbirds initiate more nests when the probability of survival is greater?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T21:23:50.2876","indexId":"70164414","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-03T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do ducks and songbirds initiate more nests when the probability of survival is greater?","docAbstract":"

Nesting chronology in grassland birds can vary by species, locality, and year. The date a nest is initiated can influence the subsequent probability of its survival in some grassland bird species. Because predation is the most significant cause of nest loss in grassland birds, we examined the relation between timing of nesting and nest survival. Periods of high nest survival that correspond with the peak of nesting activity might reflect long-term adaptations to specific predation pressures commonly recurring during certain periods of the nesting cycle. We evaluated this theory by comparing timing of nesting with date-specific nest survival rates for several duck and passerine species breeding in north-central North Dakota during 1998–2003. Nest survival decreased seasonally with date for five of the seven species we studied. We found little evidence to support consistent relations between timing of nesting, the number of nest initiations, and nest survival for any species we studied, suggesting that factors other than nest predation may better explain nesting chronology for these species. The apparent mismatch between date-specific patterns of nest survival and nest initiation underscores uncertainty about the process of avian nest site selection driven mainly by predation. Although timing of nesting differed among species, the general nesting period was fairly predictable across all years of study, suggesting the potential for research activities or management actions to be timed to take advantage of known periods when nests are active (or inactive). However, our results do not support the notion that biologists can take advantage of periods when many nests are active and survival is also high.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v129i4.1754","usgsCitation":"Grant, T.A., and Shaffer, T.L., 2015, Do ducks and songbirds initiate more nests when the probability of survival is greater?: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 129, no. 4, p. 323-330, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i4.1754.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"330","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045048","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i4.1754","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Bottineau County","otherGeospatial":"J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.5,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.5,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.5,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b324aae4b0cc79997f04e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Todd A.","contributorId":93752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162649,"text":"70162649 - 2015 - Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile). Long distance juvenile movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:41:31","indexId":"70162649","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile). Long distance juvenile movement","docAbstract":"

Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile) is the most widely distributed New World crocodilian species with its range extending from Peru in the south to the southern tip of peninsular Florida in the north. Crocodylus acutus occupies primarily coastal brackish water habitat, however it also occurs in freshwater to hypersaline habitats (Thorbjarnarson 2010. In Crocodiles. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. [Third Edition], American Crocodile Crocodylus acutus, pp. 46–53 S.C. Manolis and C. Stevenson. Crocodile Specialist Group, Darwin). There is limited literature on long distance movements of juvenile crocodilians worldwide and no literature on juvenile crocodiles in Florida. However, adult C. acutus in Florida have been documented to make seasonal movements of 5–15 km from preferred foraging habitat to nesting beaches (Mazzotti 1983. The Ecology of Crocodylus acutus in Florida. PhD Dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. 161pp), and one adult was documented making a 35 km trip from her nest site to preferred foraging habitat (Cherkiss et. al. 2006. Herpetol. Rev. 38:72–73). Rodda (1984. Herpetologica 40:444–451) reported on juvenile C. acutus movement in Gatun Lake, Panama, and found that juveniles stayed within 1 km of their nest site for the first month. Movements of juvenile Crocodylus porosus (Saltwater Crocodile) in a river system in Northern Australia showed a maximum movement of 38.9 km from a known nest site, with the majority of the crocodiles staying within 15.6 km downstream to 6.8 km upstream (Webb and Messel 1978. Aust. Wildlife Res. 5:263–283). Juvenile movement of Crocodylus niloticus (Nile Crocodile) in Lake Ngezi, Zimbabwe showed crocodiles restricted their movements from 1.0 km up to 4.5 km through the wet and dry seasons (Hutton 1989. Am. Zool. 29:1033–1049). Long distance movements of alligators were recorded for sizes ranging from 28 cm to 361 cm in a coastal refuge in Louisiana, where the distance traveled ranged from 0.3 km to 90.2 km. The data showed that the smaller alligators moved greater distance than larger ones (Lance et al. 2011. Southeast Nat. 10:389–398). An ongoing 30 year mark and recapture study for Crocodylus acutus in Florida allowed us to look at long distance movement (>30 km) of juveniles (30km). Initial and most recent captures as a juvenile were used to analyze distances moved (Fig. 1). These distances were measured linearly between capture locations. Maximum linear distances of 76.3 km and 69.6 km were recorded for animals 4838 and 6662. All crocodiles moved from nesting habitat through potentially optimal nursery habitat prior to reaching their recapture locations. These juvenile long distance movements could be due to larger crocodiles facilitating their dispersal from the nest location (Lance et al. 2011. op. cit.). These data (Table 1.) support that there is exchange of individuals among the nesting colonies and our ongoing efforts to monitor this threatened species allow us to make observations of how juvenile crocodiles are moving throughout the landscape in an ecosystem currently undergoing restoration.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Crespo, R., Beauchamp, J.S., Mazzotti, F., and Cherkiss, M.S., 2015, Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile). Long distance juvenile movement: Herpetological Review, v. 46, no. 4, p. 623-624.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"624","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060401","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b081a8e4b010e2af2a1158","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crespo, Rafael","contributorId":152647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crespo","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":138880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12559,"text":"University of Florida, FLEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank","contributorId":32609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168358,"text":"70168358 - 2015 - Sympatric cattle grazing and desert bighorn sheep foraging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T12:10:26","indexId":"70168358","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sympatric cattle grazing and desert bighorn sheep foraging","docAbstract":"

Foraging behavior affects animal fitness and is largely dictated by the resources available to an animal. Understanding factors that affect forage resources is important for conservation and management of wildlife. Cattle sympatry is proposed to limit desert bighorn population performance, but few studies have quantified the effect of cattle foraging on bighorn forage resources or foraging behavior by desert bighorn. We estimated forage biomass for desert bighorn sheep in 2 mountain ranges: the cattle-grazed Caballo Mountains and the ungrazed San Andres Mountains, New Mexico. We recorded foraging bout efficiency of adult females by recording feeding time/step while foraging, and activity budgets of 3 age-sex classes (i.e., adult males, adult females, yearlings). We also estimated forage biomass at sites where bighorn were observed foraging. We expected lower forage biomass in the cattle-grazed Caballo range than in the ungrazed San Andres range and lower biomass at cattle-accessible versus inaccessible areas within the Caballo range. We predicted bighorn would be less efficient foragers in the Caballo range. Groundcover forage biomass was low in both ranges throughout the study (Jun 2012–Nov 2013). Browse biomass, however, was 4.7 times lower in the Caballo range versus the San Andres range. Bighorn in the Caballo range exhibited greater overall daily travel time, presumably to locate areas of higher forage abundance. By selecting areas with greater forage abundance, adult females in the Caballo range exhibited foraging bout efficiency similar to their San Andres counterparts but lower overall daily browsing time. We did not find a significant reduction in forage biomass at cattle-accessible areas in the Caballo range. Only the most rugged areas in the Caballo range had abundant forage, potentially a result of intensive historical livestock use in less rugged areas. Forage conditions in the Caballo range apparently force bighorn to increase foraging effort by feeding only in areas where adequate forage remains.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1014","usgsCitation":"Garrison, K., Cain, J.W., Rominger, E.M., and Goldstein, E., 2015, Sympatric cattle grazing and desert bighorn sheep foraging: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 2, p. 197-207, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1014.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063344","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Caballo and San Andres mountain ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.71844482421875,\n 33.30069061612908\n ],\n [\n -106.71844482421875,\n 33.22720064403191\n ],\n [\n -106.71432495117188,\n 33.12145055836598\n ],\n [\n -106.7156982421875,\n 33.050112271849656\n ],\n [\n -106.70471191406249,\n 32.923402043498875\n ],\n [\n -106.69784545898438,\n 32.794201303793194\n ],\n [\n -106.71157836914061,\n 32.74685757900694\n ],\n [\n -106.84890747070312,\n 32.74570253945518\n ],\n [\n -106.87225341796875,\n 32.722598604044066\n ],\n [\n -106.87362670898438,\n 32.59773394005744\n ],\n [\n -106.99722290039062,\n 32.5988908941574\n ],\n [\n -107.01095581054688,\n 32.62780989050403\n ],\n [\n -107.02468872070312,\n 32.64746947229865\n ],\n [\n -107.07412719726562,\n 32.66828079034104\n ],\n [\n -107.10708618164062,\n 32.67059285991286\n ],\n [\n -107.13729858398438,\n 32.68099643258195\n ],\n [\n -107.1826171875,\n 32.6937102647229\n ],\n [\n -107.22518920898438,\n 32.72028788113862\n ],\n [\n -107.259521484375,\n 32.742237330951205\n ],\n [\n -107.25814819335936,\n 32.767645729906484\n ],\n [\n -107.27737426757812,\n 32.79304687845155\n ],\n [\n -107.29522705078125,\n 32.82536512222339\n ],\n [\n -107.30484008789061,\n 32.877280526855394\n ],\n [\n -107.31170654296875,\n 32.91533251206152\n ],\n [\n -107.31033325195312,\n 32.95567280997862\n ],\n [\n -107.3089599609375,\n 33.01442143484888\n ],\n [\n -107.314453125,\n 33.05586750447235\n ],\n [\n -107.303466796875,\n 33.09384260312052\n ],\n [\n -107.28012084960938,\n 33.12490094278685\n ],\n [\n -107.22381591796875,\n 33.13180130489295\n ],\n [\n -107.16888427734375,\n 33.13180130489295\n ],\n [\n -107.07275390625,\n 33.12490094278685\n ],\n [\n -106.93954467773438,\n 33.29839499061643\n ],\n [\n -106.71844482421875,\n 33.30069061612908\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf105fe4b06458514b6954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, Kyle","contributorId":166768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrison","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rominger, Eric M.","contributorId":91038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rominger","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Elise J.","contributorId":32825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Elise J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168328,"text":"70168328 - 2015 - Population ecology of the gulf ribbed mussel across a salinity gradient: recruitment, growth and density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T11:43:16","indexId":"70168328","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population ecology of the gulf ribbed mussel across a salinity gradient: recruitment, growth and density","docAbstract":"

Benthic intertidal bivalves play an essential role in estuarine ecosystems by contributing to habitat provision, water filtration, and promoting productivity. As such, changes that impact population distributions and persistence of local bivalve populations may have large ecosystem level consequences. Recruitment, growth, mortality, population size structure and density of the gulf coast ribbed mussel, Geukensia granosissima, were examined across a salinity gradient in southeastern Louisiana. Data were collected along 100-m transects at interior and edge marsh plots located at duplicate sites in upper (salinity ~4 psu), central (salinity ~8 psu) and lower (salinity ~15 psu) Barataria Bay, Louisiana, U.S.A. Growth, mortality and recruitment were measured in established plots from April through November 2012. Mussel densities were greatest within the middle bay (salinity ~8) regardless of flooding regime, but strongly associated with highest stem densities of Juncus roemerianus vegetation. Mussel recruitment, growth, size and survival were significantly higher at mid and high salinity marsh edge sites as compared to all interior marsh and low salinity sites. The observed patterns of density, growth and mortality in Barataria Bay may reflect detrital food resource availability, host vegetation community distribution along the salinity gradient, salinity tolerance of the mussel, and reduced predation at higher salinity edge sites.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES14-00499.1","usgsCitation":"Honig, A., Supan, J., and LaPeyre, M.K., 2015, Population ecology of the gulf ribbed mussel across a salinity gradient: recruitment, growth and density: Ecosphere, v. 6, no. 11, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00499.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060979","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es14-00499.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Bay","volume":"6","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc6d46e4b08d617f666296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honig, Aaron","contributorId":146622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Honig","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Supan, John","contributorId":146623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Supan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168331,"text":"70168331 - 2015 - First satellite tracks of the Endangered black-capped petrel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T11:05:23","indexId":"70168331","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First satellite tracks of the Endangered black-capped petrel","docAbstract":"

The black-capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata is an endangered seabird with fewer than 2000 breeding pairs restricted to a few breeding sites in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. To date, use areas at sea have been determined entirely from vessel-based surveys and opportunistic sightings and, as such, spatial and temporal gaps in our understanding of the species’ marine range are likely. To enhance our understanding of marine use areas, we deployed satellite tags on 3 black-capped petrels breeding on Hispaniola, representing the first tracking study for this species and one of the first published tracking studies for any breeding seabird in the Caribbean. During chick rearing, petrels primarily used marine habitats in the southern Caribbean Sea (ca. 18.0° to 11.5°N, 70.0° to 75.5°W) between the breeding site and the coasts of Venezuela and Colombia. Maximum distance from the breeding sites ranged from ca. 500 to 1500 km during the chick-rearing period. During the post-breeding period, each bird dispersed north and used waters west of the Gulf Stream offshore of the mid- and southern Atlantic coasts of the USA as well as Gulf Stream waters and deeper pelagic waters east of the Gulf Stream. Maximum distance from the breeding sites ranged from ca. 2000 to 2200 km among birds during the nonbreeding period. Petrels used waters located within 14 different exclusive economic zones, suggesting that international collaboration will benefit the development of management strategies for this species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Res","doi":"10.3354/esr00697","usgsCitation":"Jodice, P.G., Ronconi, R.A., Rupp, E., Wallace, G.E., and Satgé, Y., 2015, First satellite tracks of the Endangered black-capped petrel: Endangered Species Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 23-33, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00697.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064990","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00697","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 32.13840869677251\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -80.31005859375,\n 25.284437746983055\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 17.035777250427195\n ],\n [\n -71.4990234375,\n 12.404388944669792\n ],\n [\n -63.94042968749999,\n 10.768555807732437\n ],\n [\n -60.8203125,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 37.77071473849609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc6d41e4b08d617f66627b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ronconi, Robert A.","contributorId":166692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ronconi","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, Ernst","contributorId":166693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupp","given":"Ernst","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, George E.","contributorId":166695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Satgé, Yvan","contributorId":166696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Satgé","given":"Yvan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168335,"text":"70168335 - 2015 - Assessing gull abundance and food availability in urban parking lots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T14:51:50.767034","indexId":"70168335","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1914,"text":"Human-Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing gull abundance and food availability in urban parking lots","docAbstract":"

Feeding birds is a common activity throughout the world; yet, little is known about the extent of feeding gulls in urban areas. We monitored 8 parking lots in central Massachusetts, USA, during the fall and winter of 2011 to 2013 in 4 monitoring sessions to document the number of gulls present, the frequency of human–gull feeding interactions, and the effectiveness of signage and direct interaction in reducing human-provisioned food. Parking lots were divided between “education” and “no-education” lots. In education lots, we erected signs about problems caused when people feed birds and also asked people to stop feeding birds. We did not erect signs or ask people to stop feeding birds at no-education lots. We spent >1,200 hours in parking lots (range = 136 to 200 hours per parking lot), and gulls were counted every 20 minutes. We conducted >4,000 counts, and ring-billed gulls (Lorus delawarensis) accounted for 98% of all gulls. Our educational efforts were minimally effective. There were fewer feedings (P = 0.01) in education lots during one of the monitoring sessions but significantly more gulls (P = 0.008) in education lots during 2 monitoring sessions. While there was a marginal decrease (P = 0.055) in the number of feedings after no-education lots were transformed into education lots, there was no difference in gull numbers in these lots (P = 0.16). Education appears to have some influence in reducing the number of people feeding gulls, but our efforts were not able to reduce the number of human feeders or the amount of food enough to influence the number of gulls using parking lots.

","language":"English","publisher":"Berryman Institute","doi":"10.26077/m3ts-7d08","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.E., Whitney, J.J., MacKenzie, K.G., Koenen, K.K., and DeStefano, S., 2015, Assessing gull abundance and food availability in urban parking lots: Human-Wildlife Interactions, v. 9, no. 2, p. 180-190, https://doi.org/10.26077/m3ts-7d08.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054418","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.91444396972656,\n 42.2442770445118\n ],\n [\n -71.55258178710938,\n 42.2442770445118\n ],\n [\n -71.55258178710938,\n 42.489820989777066\n ],\n [\n -71.91444396972656,\n 42.489820989777066\n ],\n [\n -71.91444396972656,\n 42.2442770445118\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc6d3be4b08d617f666241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Daniel E.","contributorId":166686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, Jillian J.","contributorId":166687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitney","given":"Jillian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, Kenneth G.","contributorId":166688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koenen, Kiana K. G.","contributorId":34313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenen","given":"Kiana","email":"","middleInitial":"K. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":2874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176848,"text":"70176848 - 2015 - Validation of streamflow measurements made with M9 and RiverRay acoustic Doppler current profilers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-11T10:36:57","indexId":"70176848","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of streamflow measurements made with M9 and RiverRay acoustic Doppler current profilers","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Surface Water (OSW) previously validated the use of Teledyne RD Instruments (TRDI) Rio Grande (in 2007), StreamPro (in 2006), and Broadband (in 1996) acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) for streamflow (discharge) measurements made by the USGS. Two new ADCPs, the SonTek M9 and the TRDI RiverRay, were first used in the USGS Water Mission Area programs in 2009. Since 2009, the OSW and USGS Water Science Centers (WSCs) have been conducting field measurements as part of their stream-gaging program using these ADCPs. The purpose of this paper is to document the results of USGS OSW analyses for validation of M9 and RiverRay ADCP streamflow measurements. The OSW required each participating WSC to make comparison measurements over the range of operating conditions in which the instruments were used until sufficient measurements were available. The performance of these ADCPs was evaluated for validation and to identify any present and potential problems. Statistical analyses of streamflow measurements indicate that measurements made with the SonTek M9 ADCP using firmware 2.00–3.00 or the TRDI RiverRay ADCP using firmware 44.12–44.15 are unbiased, and therefore, can continue to be used to make streamflow measurements in the USGS stream-gaging program. However, for the M9 ADCP, there are some important issues to be considered in making future measurements. Possible future work may include additional validation of streamflow measurements made with these instruments from other locations in the United States and measurement validation using updated firmware and software.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001087","usgsCitation":"Boldt, J., and Oberg, K.A., 2015, Validation of streamflow measurements made with M9 and RiverRay acoustic Doppler current profilers: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 142, no. 2, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001087.","productDescription":"Article 04015054; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-065124","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe679ee4b0824b2d143715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boldt, Justin A. jboldt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boldt","given":"Justin A.","email":"jboldt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":650504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":650505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159980,"text":"ofr20151226 - 2015 - Science information to support Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) effects analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T09:08:04","indexId":"ofr20151226","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1226","title":"Science information to support Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) effects analysis","docAbstract":"

The Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Effects Analysis (EA) was commissioned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop a foundation of understanding of how pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) population dynamics are linked to management actions in the Missouri River. The EA consists of several steps: (1) development of comprehensive, conceptual ecological models illustrating pallid sturgeon population dynamics and links to management actions and other drivers; (2) compilation and assessment of available scientific literature, databases, and models; (3) development of predictive, quantitative models to explore the system dynamics and population responses to management actions; and (4) analysis and assessment of effects of system operations and actions on species’ habitats and populations. This report addresses the second objective, compilation and assessment of relevant information.

\n

Scientific information on pallid sturgeon and its environment has grown substantially during the last decade. Presently available (2015) information indicates that stocked sturgeon are surviving and growing, and that wild and hatchery sturgeon are spawning in the wild. However, natural recruitment to age-1 and older has not been detected since systematic sampling began in 2005. Population models indicate the sensitivity of population growth to certain demographic variables, in particular early-life stage survival and perhaps adult fecundity. This report documents the existing population models for the pallid sturgeon, and the substantial quantities of information developed through the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program (PSPAP), the Habitat Assessment and Monitoring Program (HAMP), the Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project (CSRP), range-wide genetics databases, and related research studies. The reference database compiled for the EA consists of over 190 peer-reviewed documents specifically related to pallid sturgeon and over 12,000 references on the Missouri River system and related species.

\n

Notwithstanding the large quantity of information available, the EA faces challenges in synthesizing the information into useful, quantitative models. In particular, critical demographic parameters for population models remain uncertain and the functional relationships between the two main categories of physical management action—changes in flow regime and reengineering channel form—and pallid sturgeon survival responses are obscure. In addition, there is an overarching uncertainty about how physical management actions interact with propagation management actions in view of evolving understanding of genetic structuring of the pallid sturgeon population. Synthesis efforts are also challenged by the fragmentation of information sources among projects and agencies; one objective of this report is to facilitate future assessments by providing documentation of what information is available and where.

\n

 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151226","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery Program","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Parsley, M.J., Annis, M.L., Colvin, M.E., Welker, T.L., and James, D.A.,\n2015, Science information to support Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon)\neffects analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1226, 78 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151226.","productDescription":"vii, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059606","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1226/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314738,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1226/ofr20151226.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1226"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -100.26123046875,\n 48.37084770238363\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -112.8076171875,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -102.06298828125,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201

\n

http://www.cerc.usgs.gov

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a898b0e4b0b28f1184dbcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsley, Michael J. 0000-0003-0097-6364 mparsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-6364","contributorId":2608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"Michael","email":"mparsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Annis, Mandy L.","contributorId":41575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annis","given":"Mandy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colvin, Michael E.","contributorId":140975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colvin","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welker, Timothy L.","contributorId":140976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welker","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"James, Daniel A.","contributorId":41737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70162262,"text":"70162262 - 2015 - The shifting climate portfolio of the Greater Yellowstone Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-20T13:40:54","indexId":"70162262","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The shifting climate portfolio of the Greater Yellowstone Area","docAbstract":"

Knowledge of climatic variability at small spatial extents (< 50 km) is needed to assess vulnerabilities of biological reserves to climate change. We used empirical and modeled weather station data to test if climate change has increased the synchrony of surface air temperatures among 50 sites within the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) of the interior western United States. This important biological reserve is the largest protected area in the Lower 48 states and provides critical habitat for some of the world’s most iconic wildlife. We focused our analyses on temporal shifts and shape changes in the annual distributions of seasonal minimum and maximum air temperatures among valley-bottom and higher elevation sites from 1948–2012. We documented consistent patterns of warming since 1948 at all 50 sites, with the most pronounced changes occurring during the Winter and Summer when minimum and maximum temperature distributions increased. These shifts indicate more hot temperatures and less cold temperatures would be expected across the GYA. Though the shifting statistical distributions indicate warming, little change in the shape of the temperature distributions across sites since 1948 suggest the GYA has maintained a diverse portfolio of temperatures within a year. Spatial heterogeneity in temperatures is likely maintained by the GYA’s physiographic complexity and its large size, which encompasses multiple climate zones that respond differently to synoptic drivers. Having a diverse portfolio of temperatures may help biological reserves spread the extinction risk posed by climate change.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0145060","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A.J., Tercek, M.T., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Ray, A., Thoma, D.P., Hossack, B.R., Pederson, G.T., Rodman, A., and Olliff, T., 2015, The shifting climate portfolio of the Greater Yellowstone Area: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 12, e0145060; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145060.","productDescription":"e0145060; 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065298","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145060","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n 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Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70162267,"text":"70162267 - 2015 - Invasion of American bullfrogs along the Yellowstone River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T09:05:57","indexId":"70162267","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasion of American bullfrogs along the Yellowstone River","docAbstract":"

The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is a globally distributed invasive species that was introduced to the Yellowstone River floodplain of Montana. Knowledge about floodplain habitat features that allow for bullfrog persistence and spread will help identify effective control strategies. We used field surveys in 2010, 2012 and 2013 to describe bullfrog spread in the Yellowstone River floodplain and the habitat features that are associated with bullfrog occupancy and colonization. Bullfrogs in our study area expanded from ~ 60 km in 2010 to 106 km in 2013, and are spreading to up- and downstream habitats. The number of breeding sites (i.e., presence of bullfrog eggs or larvae) increased from 12 sites in 2010 to 45 sites in 2013. We found that bullfrogs were associated with deeper waters, emergent vegetation and public-access sites, which are habitat features that characterize permanent waters and describe human-mediated introductions. Control strategies that reduce the hydroperiod of breeding sites may help to limit bullfrog persistence and spread, while an increase in public outreach and education may help prevent further bullfrog introductions at public-access sites.

","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/ai.2015.10.1.07","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A.J., Layhee, M.J., Stagliano, D., Chaffin, J., Begley, A., and Maxell, B.A., 2015, Invasion of American bullfrogs along the Yellowstone River: Aquatic Invasions, v. 10, no. 1, p. 69-77, https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2015.10.1.07.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-054064","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2015.10.1.07","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.86627197265625,\n 45.58713413436409\n ],\n [\n -108.86627197265625,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -107.09747314453125,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -107.09747314453125,\n 45.58713413436409\n ],\n [\n -108.86627197265625,\n 45.58713413436409\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0afade4b0961cf280dbf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam J. 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Layhee, Megan J. 0000-0003-1359-1455 mlayhee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-1455","contributorId":3955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layhee","given":"Megan","email":"mlayhee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stagliano, Dave","contributorId":152359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stagliano","given":"Dave","affiliations":[{"id":18912,"text":"Montana Natural Heritage Program, P.O. Box 201800, 1515 East Sixth Ave., Helena, MT 59620","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaffin, Jake","contributorId":152360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaffin","given":"Jake","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18913,"text":"Bureau of Land Management Montana/Dakotas State Office, 5001 Southgate Dr., Billings, MT 59101","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Begley, Allison","contributorId":152361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Begley","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18914,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, P.O. Box 200701, Helena, MT 59620","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maxell, Bryce A.","contributorId":100113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxell","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}