In the past, efforts to prevent catastrophic losses from natural hazards have largely been undertaken by individual property owners based on site—specific evaluations of risks to particular buildings. Public efforts to assess community vulnerability and encourage mitigation have focused on either aggregating site—specific estimates or adopting standards based upon broad assumptions about regional risks. This paper develops an alternative, intermediate—scale approach to regional risk assessment and the evaluation of community mitigation policies. Properties are grouped into types with similar land uses and levels of hazard, and hypothetical community mitigation strategies for protecting these properties are modeled like investment portfolios. The portfolios consist of investments in mitigation against the risk to a community posed by a specific natural hazard. and are defined by a community's mitigation budget and the proportion of the budget invested in locations of each type.
The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated through an integrated assessment of earthquake—induced lateral—spread ground failure risk in the Watsonville, California area. Data from the magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 are used to model lateral—spread ground failure susceptibility. Earth science and economic data are combined and analyzed in a Geographic Information System (CIS). The portfolio model is then used to evaluate the benefits of mitigating the risk in different locations. Two mitigation policies, one that prioritizes mitigation by land use type and the other by hazard zone, are compared with a status quo policy of doing no further mitigation beyond that which already exists. The portfolio representing the hazard zone rule yields a higher expected return than the land use portfolio does; however, the hazard zone portfolio experiences a higher standard deviation. Therefore, neither portfolio is clearly preferred. The two mitigation policies both reduce expected losses and increase overall expected community wealth compared to the status quo policy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206810109465024","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R., Dinitz, L., Rabinovici, S., and Evans, A., 2001, A portfolio approach to evaluating natural hazard mitigation policies: An application to lateral-spread ground failure in coastal California: International Geology Review, v. 43, no. 5, p. 424-440, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465024.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"440","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Watsonville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.92901611328125,\n 36.74438649742862\n ],\n [\n -121.22177124023436,\n 36.74438649742862\n ],\n [\n -121.22177124023436,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -121.92901611328125,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -121.92901611328125,\n 36.74438649742862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e3e4b0c8380cd469cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinitz, L.B.","contributorId":16192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinitz","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rabinovici, S.J.M.","contributorId":103832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabinovici","given":"S.J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, A.M.","contributorId":20117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023677,"text":"70023677 - 2001 - Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023677","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998","docAbstract":"Temporal wet-season trends from 1987 to 1998 of total N and total P concentrations (TN and TP, respectively) in 14 tributaries to the Swan-Canning Estuary in Western Australia were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall or Seasonal kendall tests. Six of the catchments drained clay soils primarily on the Darling Plateau, which borders the sandy coastal plain on the east; two rural catchments drained the coastal plain; and six urban catchments drained the coastal plain. Generally, TN and TP were lower in tributaries draining clay soils than in tributaries draining siliceous sandy soils. Annual median TN and TP were relatively constant and no trends were detected in tributaries draining clay soils. TN and TP were higher (median TN = 1.6 and TP = 0.1 mg 1-1) and more variable temporally in tributaries draining the coastal plain. Statistically significant (?? < 0.01) TN trends were detected in 50% of the urban coastal plain tributaries and most were decreasing (-0.07 to +0.53 mg 1-1 year-1). Decreasing TP trends were detected at the two rural coastal plain tributaries and two of the urban drains (-0.01 to 0.15 mg 1-1 year-1 over periods from 5 to 12 years). Flow adjustment of TN and TP was responsible for removing trends in the raw data at some sites. The inter-annual variability of TN and TP of coastal plain tributaries was also related to the proximity of the water table to the land surface, which in turn was related to the annual precipitation. Fixed-interval sampling may be able to detect TN and TP changes associated with the implementation of management strategies in sandy coastal plain catchments. Tributary sampling during rainstorms and continuous monitoring of discharge are needed to better define processes controlling nutrient flux and concentration variability, and to detect trends in the urban catchments and the clay soil catchments, primarily those draining the Darling Plateau. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.300","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Donohue, R., Davidson, W., Peters, N., Nelson, S., and Jakowyna, B., 2001, Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 13, p. 2411-2434, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.300.","startPage":"2411","endPage":"2434","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.300"},{"id":232145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb816e4b08c986b32767b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donohue, R.","contributorId":20925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohue","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, W.A.","contributorId":107065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, S.","contributorId":18138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jakowyna, B.","contributorId":80037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakowyna","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023659,"text":"70023659 - 2001 - Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023659","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone","docAbstract":"The pattern of b-value of the frequency-magnitude relation, or mean magnitude, varies little in the Kaoiki-Hilea area of Hawaii, and the b-values are normal, with b = 0.8 in the top 10 km and somewhat lower values below that depth. We interpret the Kaoiki-Hilea area as relatively stable, normal Hawaiian crust. In contrast, the b-values beneath Kilauea's South Flank are anomalously high (b = 1.3-1.7) at depths between 4 and 8 km, with the highest values near the East Rift zone, but extending 5-8 km away from the rift. Also, the anomalously high b-values vary along strike, parallel to the rift zone. The highest b-values are observed near Hiiaka and Pauahi craters at the bend in the rift, the next highest are near Makaopuhi and also near Puu Kaliu. The mildest anomalies occur adjacent to the central section of the rift. The locations of the three major and two minor b-value anomalies correspond to places where shallow magma reservoirs have been proposed based on analyses of seismicity, geodetic data and differentiated lava chemistry. The existence of the magma reservoirs is also supported by magnetic anomalies, which may be areas of dike concentration, and self-potential anomalies, which are areas of thermal upwelling above a hot source. The simplest explanation of these anomalously high b-values is that they are due to the presence of active magma bodies beneath the East Rift zone at depths down to 8 km. In other volcanoes, anomalously high b-values correlate with volumes adjacent to active magma chambers. This supports a model of a magma body beneath the East Rift zone, which may widen and thin along strike, and which may reach 8 km depth and extend from Kilauea's summit to a distance of at least 40 km down rift. The anomalously high b-values at the center of the South Flank, several kilometers away from the rift, may be explained by unusually high pore pressure throughout the South Flank, or by anomalously strong heterogeneity due to extensive cracking, or by both phenomena. The major b-value anomalies are located SSE of their parent reservoirs, in the direction of motion of the flank, suggesting that magma reservoirs leave an imprint in the mobile flank. We hypothesize that the extensive cracking may have been acquired when the anomalous parts of the South Flank, now several kilometers distant from the rift zone, were generated at the rift zone near persistent reservoirs. Since their generation, these volumes may have moved seaward, away from the rift, but earthquakes occurring in them still use the preexisting complex crack distribution. Along the decollement plane at 10 km depth, the b-values are exceptionally low (b = 0.5), suggesting faulting in a more homogeneous medium. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Wyss, M., Klein, F., Nagamine, K., and Wiemer, S., 2001, Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 106, no. 1-2, p. 23-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8.","startPage":"23","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8"},{"id":232500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4ce4b0c8380cd491a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyss, M.","contributorId":68880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyss","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, F.","contributorId":45453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagamine, K.","contributorId":40377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagamine","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiemer, S.","contributorId":22115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023654,"text":"70023654 - 2001 - Seismic reflection images of shallow faulting, northernmost Mississippi embayment, north of the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023654","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic reflection images of shallow faulting, northernmost Mississippi embayment, north of the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection surveys document tectonic faults that displace Pleistocene and older strata just beyond the northeast termination of the New Madrid seismic zone, at the northernmost extent of the Mississippi embayment. These faults, which are part of the Fluorspar Area fault complex in southeastern Illinois, are directly in line with the northeast-trending seismic zone. The reflection data were acquired using an elastic weight-drop source recorded to 500 msec by a 48-geophone array (24-fold) with a 10-ft (??3.0m) station interval. Recognizable reflections were recorded to about 200 msec (100-150 m). The effects of multiple reflections, numerous diffractions, low apparent velocity (i.e., steeply dipping) noise, and the relatively low-frequency content of the recorded signal provided challenges for data processing and interpreting subtle fault offsets. Data processing steps that were critical to the detection of faults included residual statics, post-stack migration, deconvolution, and noise-reduction filtering. Seismic migration was crucial for detecting and mitigating complex fault-related diffraction patterns, which produced an apparent 'folding' of reflectors on unmigrated sections. Detected individual offsets of shallow reflectors range from 5 to 10 m for the top of Paleozoic bedrock and younger strata. The migrated sections generally indicate vertical to steeply dipping normal and reverse faults, which in places outline small horsts and/or grabens. Tilting or folding of stratal reflectors associated with faulting is also locally observed. At one site, the observed faulting is superimposed over a prominent antiformal structure, which may itself be a product of the Quaternary deformation that produced the steep normal and reverse faults. Our results suggest that faulting of the Paleozoic bedrock and younger sediments of the northern Mississippi embayment is more pervasive and less localized than previously thought.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000039","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McBride, J., and Nelson, W., 2001, Seismic reflection images of shallow faulting, northernmost Mississippi embayment, north of the New Madrid seismic zone: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 1, p. 128-129, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000039.","startPage":"128","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000039"},{"id":232418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b42e4b08c986b3176e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023651,"text":"70023651 - 2001 - The importance of survey timing in monitoring breeding seabird numbers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023651","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of survey timing in monitoring breeding seabird numbers","docAbstract":"We conducted weekly aerial surveys of islands along the central Maine coast from April-June of 1993-1997 and used aerial photographs to determine peak nest count dates for Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-Backed Gulls (Larus marinus). These data also were used to determine the potential effect of survey timing on the ability to detect long-term trends in the abundance of these species. The number of cormorant nests in the study area peaked in mid-June, while Great Black-backed and Herring gulls peaked in late May and early June, respectively. Peak nesting dates generally were consistent for each island across years, but varied by up to a month between islands during a given year. A 10-year monitoring program using annual surveys conducted between 23 May and 23 June, or biennial surveys conducted from 2-17 June, would have an 80% probability of detecting annual changes of ??5% for all three species in this region. Received 1 November 2000, accepted 4 December 2000.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., and Krohn, W., 2001, The importance of survey timing in monitoring breeding seabird numbers: Waterbirds, v. 24, no. 1, p. 22-33.","startPage":"22","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad00e4b08c986b3238ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.M.","contributorId":78707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023645,"text":"70023645 - 2001 - Aerogeophysical measurements of collapse-prone hydrothermally altered zones at Mount Rainier volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023645","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerogeophysical measurements of collapse-prone hydrothermally altered zones at Mount Rainier volcano","docAbstract":"Hydrothermally altered rocks can weaken volcanoes, increasing the potential for catastrophic sector collapses that can lead to destructive debris flows1. Evaluating the hazards associated with such alteration is difficult because alteration has been mapped on few active volcanoes1-4 and the distribution and severity of subsurface alteration is largely unknown on any active volcano. At Mount Rainier volcano (Washington, USA), collapses of hydrothermally altered edifice flanks have generated numerous extensive debris flows5,6 and future collapses could threaten areas that are now densely populated7. Preliminary geological mapping and remote-sensing data indicated that exposed alteration is contained in a dyke-controlled belt trending east-west that passes through the volcano's summit3-5,8. But here we present helicopter-borne electromagnetic and magnetic data, combined with detailed geological mapping, to show that appreciable thicknesses of mostly buried hydrothermally altered rock lie mainly in the upper west flank of Mount Rainier. We identify this as the likely source for future large debris flows. But as negligible amounts of highly altered rock lie in the volcano's core, this might impede collapse retrogression and so limit the volumes and inundation areas of future debris flows. Our results demonstrate that high-resolution geophysical and geological observations can yield unprecedented views of the three-dimensional distribution of altered rock.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/35054533","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Finn, C., Sisson, T.W., and Deszcz-Pan, M., 2001, Aerogeophysical measurements of collapse-prone hydrothermally altered zones at Mount Rainier volcano: Nature, v. 409, no. 6820, p. 600-603, https://doi.org/10.1038/35054533.","startPage":"600","endPage":"603","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35054533"},{"id":232301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"409","issue":"6820","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e71fe4b0c8380cd47876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, M.","contributorId":102422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023640,"text":"70023640 - 2001 - Olivine-liquid relations of lava erupted by Kilauea volcano from 1994 to 1998: Implications for shallow magmatic processes associated with the ongoing east-rift-zone eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:47:22.112866","indexId":"70023640","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Olivine-liquid relations of lava erupted by Kilauea volcano from 1994 to 1998: Implications for shallow magmatic processes associated with the ongoing east-rift-zone eruption","docAbstract":"From 1994 through 1998, the eruption of Kîlauea, in Hawai’i, was dominated by steady-state effusion at Pu‘u ‘Ô‘ô that was briefly disrupted by an eruption 4 km uprift at Nāpau Crater on January 30, 1997. In this paper, I describe the systematic relations of whole-rock, glass, olivine, and olivine-inclusion compositions of lava samples collected throughout this interval. This suite comprises vent samples and tube-contained flows collected at variable distances from the vent. The glass composition of tube lava varies systematically with distance and allows for the “vent-correction” of glass thermometry and olivine–liquid KD as a function of tube-transport distance. Combined olivine–liquid data for vent samples and “vent-corrected” lava-tube samples are used to document pre-eruptive magmatic conditions. KD values determined for matrix glasses and forsterite cores define three types of olivine phenocrysts: type A (in equilibrium with host glass), type B (Mg-rich relative to host glass) and type C (Mg-poor relative to host glass). All three types of olivine have a cognate association with melts that are present within the shallow magmatic plumbing system during this interval. During steady-state eruptive activity, the compositions of whole-rock, glass and most olivine phenocrysts (type A) all vary sympathetically over time and as influenced by changes of magmatic pressure within the summit-rift-zone plumbing system. Type-A olivine is interpreted as having grown during passage from the summit magma-chamber along the east-rift-zone conduit. Type-B olivine (high Fo) is consistent with equilibrium crystallization from bulk-rock compositions and is likely to have grown within the summit magma-chamber. Lower-temperature, fractionated lava was erupted during non-steady-state activity of the Nāpau Crater eruption. Type-A and type-B olivine–liquid relations indicate that this lava is a mixture of rift-stored and summit-derived magmas. Post- Nāpau lava (at Pu‘u ‘Ô‘ô) gradually increases in temperature and MgO content, and contains type-C olivine with complex zoning, indicating magma hybridization associated with the flushing of rift-stored components through the eruption conduit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.39.2.239","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C.R., 2001, Olivine-liquid relations of lava erupted by Kilauea volcano from 1994 to 1998: Implications for shallow magmatic processes associated with the ongoing east-rift-zone eruption: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 39, no. 2, p. 239-266, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.2.239.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.401611328125,\n 19.169815723556237\n ],\n [\n -155.01434326171872,\n 19.321511226817176\n ],\n [\n -155.137939453125,\n 19.469181787843322\n ],\n [\n -155.30548095703125,\n 19.43421929772403\n ],\n [\n -155.40298461914062,\n 19.338357615423384\n ],\n [\n -155.47164916992188,\n 19.233363381183896\n ],\n [\n -155.401611328125,\n 19.169815723556237\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d6ce4b0c8380cd75125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, Carl R. cthornber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023639,"text":"70023639 - 2001 - A new tracer‐density criterion for heterogeneous porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T10:22:29","indexId":"70023639","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new tracer‐density criterion for heterogeneous porous media","docAbstract":"Tracer experiments provide information about aquifer material properties vital for accurate site characterization. Unfortunately, density‐induced sinking can distort tracer movement, leading to an inaccurate assessment of material properties. Yet existing criteria for selecting appropriate tracer concentrations are based on analysis of homogeneous media instead of media with heterogeneities typical of field sites. This work introduces a hydraulic‐gradient correction for heterogeneous media and applies it to a criterion previously used to indicate density‐induced instabilities in homogeneous media. The modified criterion was tested using a series of two‐dimensional heterogeneous intermediate‐scale tracer experiments and data from several detailed field tracer tests. The intermediate‐scale experimental facility (10.0×1.2×0.06 m) included both homogeneous and heterogeneous (σln k2 = 1.22) zones. The field tracer tests were less heterogeneous (0.24 < σln k2 < 0.37), but measurements were sufficient to detect density‐induced sinking. Evaluation of the modified criterion using the experiments and field tests demonstrates that the new criterion appears to account for the change in density‐induced sinking due to heterogeneity. The criterion demonstrates the importance of accounting for heterogeneity to predict density‐induced sinking and differences in the onset of density‐induced sinking in two‐ and three‐dimensional systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900287","usgsCitation":"Barth, G.R., Illangasekare, T.H., Hill, M.C., and Rajaram, H., 2001, A new tracer‐density criterion for heterogeneous porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 1, p. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900287.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900287","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4bae4b0c8380cd4689d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Gilbert R.","contributorId":15374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Illangasekare, Tissa H.","contributorId":194933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Illangasekare","given":"Tissa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajaram, Harihar","contributorId":194934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajaram","given":"Harihar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023633,"text":"70023633 - 2001 - Enhanced algorithm performance for land cover classification from remotely sensed data using bagging and boosting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T16:04:04","indexId":"70023633","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced algorithm performance for land cover classification from remotely sensed data using bagging and boosting","docAbstract":"Two ensemble methods, bagging and boosting, were investigated for improving algorithm performance. Our results confirmed the theoretical explanation [1] that bagging improves unstable, but not stable, learning algorithms. While boosting enhanced accuracy of a weak learner, its behavior is subject to the characteristics of each learning algorithm.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/36.911126","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Chan, J., Huang, C., and DeFries, R., 2001, Enhanced algorithm performance for land cover classification from remotely sensed data using bagging and boosting: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 39, no. 3, p. 693-695, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.911126.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"695","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.911126"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a096ce4b0c8380cd51edc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chan, J.C.-W.","contributorId":17802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"J.C.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, C.","contributorId":65255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeFries, R.","contributorId":13404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFries","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023632,"text":"70023632 - 2001 - Moose, caribou, and grizzly bear distribution in relation to road traffic in Denali National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-11T16:51:07.137193","indexId":"70023632","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moose, caribou, and grizzly bear distribution in relation to road traffic in Denali National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"Park managers are concerned that moose (Alces alces), caribou (Rangifer tarandus), and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) may be avoiding areas along the 130 km road through Denali National Park as a result of high traffic volume, thus decreasing opportunities for visitors to view wildlife. A wildlife monitoring system was developed in 1996 that used 19 landscape level view sheds, stratified into four sections based on decreasing traffic along the road corridor. Data were collected from 22 samplings of all viewsheds during May-August in 1996 and 1997. In 1997, nine backcountry viewsheds were established in three different areas to determine whether density estimates for each species in the backcountry were higher than those for the same animals in similar road-corridor areas. Densities higher than those in the road corridor were found in one backcountry area for moose and in two backcountry areas for grizzly bears. None of the backcountry areas showed a higher density of caribou. We tested hypotheses that moose, caribou, and grizzly bear distributions were unrelated to the road and traffic. Moose sightings were lower than expected within 300 m of the road. More caribou and grizzly bears than expected occurred between 601 and 900 m from the road, while more moose and fewer caribou than expected occurred between 900 and 1200 m from the road. Bull moose in stratum 1 were distributed farther from the road than bulls and cows in stratum 4; cows in stratum 1 and bul1s in stratum 2 were distributed farther from the road than cows in stratum 4. Grizzly bears in stratum 2 were distributed farther from the road than bears in stratum 3. The distribution of moose sightings suggests traffic avoidance, but the spatial pattern of preferred forage may have had more of an influence. Caribou and grizzly bear distributions indicated no pattern of traffic avoidance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic762","usgsCitation":"Yost, A.C., and Wright, R., 2001, Moose, caribou, and grizzly bear distribution in relation to road traffic in Denali National Park, Alaska: Arctic, v. 54, no. 1, p. 41-48, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic762.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic762","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.87499958685197,\n 62.80551463545791\n ],\n [\n -148.82488142609475,\n 63.42326621647058\n ],\n [\n -148.8857485290811,\n 63.7272415471883\n ],\n [\n -149.51470859327273,\n 63.71226952329886\n ],\n [\n -149.663494845017,\n 63.57716432493615\n ],\n [\n -150.04222348582053,\n 63.54102756998597\n ],\n [\n -150.39390008085232,\n 63.42931706567359\n ],\n [\n -150.81320679031333,\n 63.46257390741599\n ],\n [\n -150.8673108818568,\n 63.51087858265976\n ],\n [\n -152.23343919332666,\n 63.25940967576716\n ],\n [\n -151.87499958685197,\n 62.80551463545791\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e24e4b0c8380cd7080c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yost, A. C.","contributorId":90502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yost","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022746,"text":"70022746 - 2001 - Climate logging with a new rapid optical technique at siple dome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022746","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate logging with a new rapid optical technique at siple dome","docAbstract":"The dust logger design is based on a decade of experience in the use of light sources to measure optical properties of deep Antarctic ice. Light is emitted at the top of the instrument by side-directed LEDs, scattered or absorbed by dust in the ice surrounding the borehole, and collected in a downhole-pointing photomultiplier tube (PMT) a meter below. With this method the ice is sampled at ambient pressure in a much larger volume than is the case in a core study, and the entire length can be logged in one day. In ice in which scattering is dominated by bubbles, the absorption from dust impurities is perceived as a drop in signal, whereas in bubble-free ice the scattering from dust increases the light collected. We report on results obtained in Siple Dome Hole A in December 2000. The instrument measured increases in dust concentration extending over many meters during glacial maxima, as well as narrow spikes due to ??? 1 cm thick ash and dust bands of volcanic origin. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to clarify data analysis and predict the capabilities of future designs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001GL013763","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Bay, R., Price, P., Clow, G., and Gow, A.J., 2001, Climate logging with a new rapid optical technique at siple dome: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 24, p. 4635-4638, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013763.","startPage":"4635","endPage":"4638","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479012,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013763","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208213,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013763"}],"volume":"28","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f652e4b0c8380cd4c6bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bay, R.C.","contributorId":103839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bay","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, P.B.","contributorId":59590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gow, A. J.","contributorId":45070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gow","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023621,"text":"70023621 - 2001 - Developing a geomorphic approach for ranking watersheds for rehabilitation, Zuni Indian Reservation, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023621","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a geomorphic approach for ranking watersheds for rehabilitation, Zuni Indian Reservation, New Mexico","docAbstract":"As a result of past erosion problems on the Zuni Indian Reservation in western New Mexico, the US Congress in 1990 authorized the Zuni Tribe to begin a program for watershed rehabilitation. This paper describes an approach to rank the most appropriate watersheds for rehabilitation for the Zuni Reservation. The approach was based on data collected during a 3-year study on geomorphic and anthropogenic characteristics of the Rio Nutria Watershed, including data on (i) arroyo cross-sectional changes, (ii) erosion-control structures, and (iii) sheetwash erosion. Results of this 3-year study indicated that 61 of 85 channel cross-sections aggraded and channels with lower width-to-depth ratios eroded. Results on assessment of erosion-control structures, some dating back to the 1930's, indicated that 60% of earthen dams and 22% of rock-and-brush structures were breached or flanked in the Rio Nutria Watershed. Sheetwash erosion measured on five land-cover sites (sagebrush, pasture, chained pin??on and juniper, unchained pin??on and juniper, and ponderosa pine) indicated chained pin??on and juniper sites and pasture sites had the highest volume-weighted sediment concentrations of 13,000 and 9970 ppm, respectively. Based on interpretations of the 3-year study in the Rio Nutria Watershed, a two-stage approach was developed to rank the most appropriate watersheds for rehabilitation on the Zuni Reservation. In the first stage, the reservation was divided into eight major watersheds, which were ranked according to the most potential for erosion. In the second stage, the watershed with the most potential for erosion was divided into sub-basins, which were ranked according to the most potential for erosion. Quantitative and qualitative information on physical and anthropogenic factors were used at each stage to rank the watersheds. Quantitative physical data included headcut density, percentage of bare ground, percentage of chained area, channel width-to-depth ratio, change in channel density from 1934 to 1988, and sheetwash erosion rates. Qualitative physical data included erosion rankings on the main channels, tributaries, and entire basins. Anthropogenic data included density of dirt roads and condition of erosion-control structures. A community survey and agricultural acreage were also used in the selection process. The first stage analysis resulted in the selection of the Rio Nutria Watershed as the most appropriate major watershed for rehabilitation. In the second stage, the Rio Nutria Watershed was divided into 15 sub-basins; the analysis indicated the highest priority sub-basins for rehabilitation were Benny Draw, Coal Mine Canyon Draw, and Garcia Draw.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00065-9","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A., Cheama, A., and Lalio, S., 2001, Developing a geomorphic approach for ranking watersheds for rehabilitation, Zuni Indian Reservation, New Mexico: Geomorphology, v. 37, no. 1-2, p. 105-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00065-9.","startPage":"105","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207520,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00065-9"},{"id":232539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000ae4b0c8380cd4f557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, A. C.","contributorId":99590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheama, A.","contributorId":97282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheama","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lalio, S.M.","contributorId":35909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lalio","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023617,"text":"70023617 - 2001 - Habitat evaluation using GIS a case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023617","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat evaluation using GIS a case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox","docAbstract":"Concern over the fate of plant and animal species throughout the world has accelerated over recent decades. Habitat loss is considered the main culprit in reducing many species' abundance and range, leading to numerous efforts to plan and manage habitat preservation. Our work uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data and modeling to define a spatially explicit analysis of habitat value, using the San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) of California (USA) as an example. Over the last 30 years, many field studies and surveys have enhanced our knowledge of the life history, behavior, and needs of the kit fox, which has been proposed as an umbrella or indicator species for grassland habitat in the San Joaquin Valley of California. There has yet been no attempt to convert much of this field knowledge into a model of spatial habitat value useful for planning purposes. This is a significant omission given the importance and visibility of the imperiled kit fox and increasing trends toward spatially explicit modeling and planning. In this paper we apply data from northern California to derive a small-cell GIS raster of habitat value for the kit fox that incorporates both intrinsic habitat quality and neighborhood context, as well the effects of barriers such as roads. Such a product is a useful basis for assessing the presence and amounts of good (and poor) quality habitat and for eventually constructing GIS representations of viable animal territories that could be included in future reserves. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5","issn":"01692046","usgsCitation":"Gerrard, R., Stine, P., Church, R., and Gilpin, M., 2001, Habitat evaluation using GIS a case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 52, no. 4, p. 239-255, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5.","startPage":"239","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5"},{"id":232497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f0ae4b0c8380cd5ca23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerrard, R.","contributorId":99737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerrard","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stine, P.","contributorId":26361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stine","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Church, R.","contributorId":95233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilpin, M.","contributorId":65965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilpin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022744,"text":"70022744 - 2001 - Optical dating of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022744","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optical dating of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake","docAbstract":"Optical ages for five samples of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake were determined using an infrared optical-dating method on K-feldspar separates and, as a test of accuracy, compared to ages determined by AMS 14C dating of detrital plant fragments found in the same beds. Two optical ages were about 20% younger than calibrated 14C ages of about 3.1 and 4.3 ka. Correction of the optical ages using measured anomalous fading rates brings them into agreement with the 14C ages. The approach used holds significant promise for improving the accuracy of infrared optical-dating methods. Luminescence data for the other three samples result in optical age limits much greater than the 14C ages. These data provide a textbook demonstration of the correlation between scatter in the luminescence intensity of individual sample aliquots and their normalization values that is expected when the samples contain sand grains not adequately exposed to daylight just prior to or during deposition and burial. Thus, the data for these three samples suggest that the tsunamis eroded young and old sand deposits before dropping the sand in the lake. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00043-9","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Ollerhead, J., Huntley, D., Nelson, A., and Kelsey, H., 2001, Optical dating of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, no. 18, p. 1915-1926, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00043-9.","startPage":"1915","endPage":"1926","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00043-9"}],"volume":"20","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ecee4b0c8380cd757f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ollerhead, J.","contributorId":84123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollerhead","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntley, D.J.","contributorId":24932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntley","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelsey, H.M.","contributorId":84300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023615,"text":"70023615 - 2001 - Three-dimenstional crustal velocity structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T13:50:37.202349","indexId":"70023615","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimenstional crustal velocity structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia","docAbstract":"The Strait of Georgia is a topographic depression straddling the boundary between the Insular and Coast belts in southwestern British Columbia. Two shallow earthquakes located within the strait (M = 4.6 in 1997 and M = 5.0 in 1975) and felt throughout the Vancouver area illustrate the seismic potential of this region. As part of the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS) experiment, seismic instruments were placed in and around the Strait of Georgia to record shots from a marine source within the strait. We apply a tomographic inversion procedure to first-arrival traveltime data to derive a minimum-structure 3-D P-wave velocity model for the upper crust to about 13 km depth. We also present a 2-D velocity model for a profile orientated across the Strait of Georgia derived using a minimum-parameter traveltime inversion approach.
This paper represents the first detailed look at crustal velocity variations within the major Cretaceous to Cenozoic Georgia Basin, which underlies the Strait of Georgia. The 3-D velocity model clearly delineates the structure of the Georgia Basin. Taking the 6 km s−1 isovelocity contour to represent the top of the underlying basement, the basin thickens from between 2 and 4 km in the northwestern half of the strait to between 8 and 9 km at the southeastern end of the study region. Basin velocities in the northeastern half are 4.5–6 km s−1 and primarily represent the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group. Velocities to the south are lower (3–6 km s−1) because of the additional presence of the overlying Tertiary Huntingdon Formation and more recent sediments, including glacial and modern Fraser River deposits. In contrast to the relatively smoothly varying velocity structure of the basin, velocities of the basement rocks, which comprise primarily Palaeozoic to Jurassic rocks of the Wrangellia Terrane and possibly Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Coast Belt, show significantly more structure, probably an indication of the varying basement rock lithologies. The 2-D velocity model more clearly reveals the velocity layering associated with the recent sediments, Huntingdon Formation and Nanaimo Group of the southern Georgia Basin, as well as the underlying basement. We interpret lateral variation in sub-basin velocities of the 2-D model as a transition from Wrangellian to Coast Belt basement rocks. The effect of the narrow, onshore–offshore recording geometry of the seismic experiment on model resolution was tested to allow a critical assessment of the validity of the 3-D velocity model. Lateral resolution throughout the model to a depth of 3–5 km below the top of the basement is generally 10–20 km.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.0956-540X.2000.01364.x","usgsCitation":"Zelt, B., Ellis, R., Zelt, C., Hyndman, R., Lowe, C., Spence, G., and Fisher, M.A., 2001, Three-dimenstional crustal velocity structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia: Geophysical Journal International, v. 144, no. 3, p. 695-712, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-540X.2000.01364.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"712","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478944,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-540x.2000.01364.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410925,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.0956-540X.2000.01364.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Strait of Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.211181640625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -125.211181640625,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -125.211181640625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb350e4b08c986b325cf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, B.C.","contributorId":63572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, R.M.","contributorId":9034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, C.A.","contributorId":74911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyndman, R.D.","contributorId":45831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, C.","contributorId":96453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spence, G.D.","contributorId":85750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70022743,"text":"70022743 - 2001 - Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:20:29","indexId":"70022743","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance","docAbstract":"Genetic markers that differ in mode of inheritance and rate of evolution (a sex-linked Z-specific microsatellite locus, five biparentally inherited microsatellite loci, and maternally inherited mitochondrial [mtDNA] sequences) were used to evaluate the degree of spatial genetic structuring at macro- and microgeographic scales, among breeding regions and local nesting populations within each region, respectively, for a migratory sea duck species, the spectacled eider (Somateria fisheri). Disjunct and declining breeding populations coupled with sex-specific differences in seasonal migratory patterns and life history provide a series of hypotheses regarding rates and directionality of gene flow among breeding populations from the Indigirka River Delta, Russia, and the North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The degree of differentiation in mtDNA haplotype frequency among breeding regions and populations within regions was high (ϕCT = 0.189, P < 0.01; ϕSC = 0.059, P < 0.01, respectively). Eleven of 17 mtDNA haplotypes were restricted to a single breeding region. Genetic differences among regions were considerably lower for nuclear DNA loci (sex-linked: ϕST = 0.001, P > 0.05; biparentally inherited microsatellites: mean θ = 0.001, P > 0.05) than was observed for mtDNA. Using models explicitly designed for uniparental and biparentally inherited genes, estimates of spatial divergence based on nuclear and mtDNA data together with elements of the species' breeding ecology were used to estimate effective population size and degree of male and female gene flow. Differences in the magnitude and spatial patterns of gene correlations for maternally inherited and nuclear genes revealed that females exhibit greater natal philopatry than do males. Estimates of generational female and male rates of gene flow among breeding regions differed markedly (3.67 × 10−4 and 1.28 × 10−2, respectively). Effective population size for mtDNA was estimated to be at least three times lower than that for biparental genes (30,671 and 101,528, respectively). Large disparities in population sizes among breeding areas greatly reduces the proportion of total genetic variance captured by dispersal, which may accelerate rates of inbreeding (i.e., promote higher coancestries) within populations due to nonrandom pairing of males with females from the same breeding population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2105:SBGFIS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00143820","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., Petersen, M.R., Fields, R.L., Talbot, S.L., Pearce, J.M., and Chesser, R.K., 2001, Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance: Evolution, v. 55, no. 10, p. 2105-2115, https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2105:SBGFIS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2105","endPage":"2115","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Indigirka River Delta, North Slope [Alaska], Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","volume":"55","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8daee4b08c986b3184d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fields, Raymond L.","contributorId":182354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chesser, Ronald K.","contributorId":113098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022734,"text":"70022734 - 2001 - Coastline complexity: A parameter for functional classification of coastal environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022734","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coastline complexity: A parameter for functional classification of coastal environments","docAbstract":"To understand the role of the world's coastal zone (CZ) in global biogeochemical fluxes (particularly those of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediments) we must generalise from a limited number of observations associated with a few well-studied coastal systems to the global scale. Global generalisation must be based on globally available data and on robust techniques for classification and upscaling. These requirements impose severe constraints on the set of variables that can be used to extract information about local CZ functions such as advective and metabolic fluxes, and differences resulting from changes in biotic communities. Coastal complexity (plan-view tortuosity of the coastline) is a potentially useful parameter, since it interacts strongly with both marine and terrestrial forcing functions to determine coastal energy regimes and water residence times, and since 'open' vs. 'sheltered' categories are important components of most coastal habitat classification schemes. This study employs the World Vector Shoreline (WVS) dataset, originally developed at a scale of 1:250 000. Coastline complexity measures are generated using a modification of the Angle Measurement Technique (AMT), in which the basic measurement is the angle between two lines of specified length drawn from a selected point to the closest points of intersection with the coastline. Repetition of these measurements for different lengths at the same point yields a distribution of angles descriptive of the extent and scale of complexity in the vicinity of that point; repetition of the process at different points on the coast provides a basis for comparing both the extent and the characteristic scale of coastline variation along different reaches of the coast. The coast of northwestern Mexico (Baja California and the Gulf of California) was used as a case study for initial development and testing of the method. The characteristic angle distribution plots generated by the AMT analysis were clustered using LOICZVIEW, a high dimensionality clustering routine developed for large-scale coastal classification studies. The results show distinctive differences in coastal environments that have the potential for interpretation in terms of both biotic and hydrogeochemical environments, and that can be related to the resolution limits and uncertainties of the shoreline data used. These objective, quantitative measures of coastal complexity as a function of scale can be further developed and combined with other data sets to provide a key component of functional classification of coastal environments. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sea Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1385-1101(01)00073-9","issn":"13851101","usgsCitation":"Bartley, J., Buddemeier, R., and Bennett, D., 2001, Coastline complexity: A parameter for functional classification of coastal environments, in Journal of Sea Research, v. 46, no. 2, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(01)00073-9.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478858,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.589.3057","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(01)00073-9"},{"id":233602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f794e4b0c8380cd4cbbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartley, J.D.","contributorId":88533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartley","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, D.A.","contributorId":98919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023612,"text":"70023612 - 2001 - High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:41:23.646119","indexId":"70023612","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys flown over the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico, demonstrate that aeromagnetic methods can successfully map concealed and poorly exposed faults in sediment-filled basins. This is the first known use of aeromagnetic data as an aid to surficial mapping and hydrogeologic studies in a basin. Aeromagnetic maps show detailed fault patterns within the basin fill that revise the structural view of the basin. Concealed faults are more numerous and more closely spaced than expected. The Hubbell Springs fault is the central splay of three generally north-striking fault splays that can be traced for nearly 50 km. The splays converge on the north and may represent the southern extension of the Tijeras fault, contradicting the proposed southwest extension of the Tijeras fault across the basin. In profile view, the linear aeromagnetic anomalies associated with faults show a variety of signatures. One signature has potential for mapping fault-controlled sedimentation in the subsurface because it identifies increases in magnetic, likely coarse-grained, material in the hanging walls of faults.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0367:HRADAN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., 2001, High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico: Geology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 367-370, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0367:HRADAN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.91070556640625,\n 34.24813554589752\n ],\n [\n -106.77337646484375,\n 34.20271636159618\n ],\n [\n -106.61407470703125,\n 34.28218385709024\n ],\n [\n -106.5289306640625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -106.38885498046875,\n 34.73935551813357\n ],\n [\n -106.3861083984375,\n 35.05248370662468\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 35.16258214808429\n ],\n [\n -105.985107421875,\n 35.30840140169162\n ],\n [\n -105.809326171875,\n 35.59031875398378\n ],\n [\n -105.90545654296875,\n 35.737595151747826\n ],\n [\n -105.82855224609375,\n 35.980228800645676\n ],\n [\n -105.699462890625,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -105.6390380859375,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -105.83404541015625,\n 36.217687122250574\n ],\n [\n -106.04827880859375,\n 36.363798554158635\n ],\n [\n -106.2762451171875,\n 36.27527883184338\n ],\n [\n -106.28997802734375,\n 36.17779108329074\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 36.055760619006755\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 35.9357645138553\n ],\n [\n -106.380615234375,\n 35.862343734896484\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 35.74428307651204\n ],\n [\n -106.49322509765624,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -106.66900634765625,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -106.85302734374999,\n 35.572448615622804\n ],\n [\n -107.02056884765625,\n 35.39352808136067\n ],\n [\n -107.09747314453125,\n 35.47185482057798\n ],\n [\n -107.26226806640625,\n 35.40248356426937\n ],\n [\n -107.259521484375,\n 35.270289376094404\n ],\n [\n -107.42706298828125,\n 35.238889532322595\n ],\n [\n -107.50396728515625,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -107.58636474609375,\n 34.94673942495388\n ],\n [\n -107.5506591796875,\n 34.70775131553933\n ],\n [\n -107.54791259765625,\n 34.474863669009004\n ],\n [\n -107.29248046875,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -107.11944580078125,\n 34.36611072883117\n ],\n [\n -106.91070556640625,\n 34.24813554589752\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30fbe4b0c8380cd5db25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. 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S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022732,"text":"70022732 - 2001 - Moss and lichen cover mapping at local and regional scales in the boreal forest ecosystem of central Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:46:24","indexId":"70022732","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moss and lichen cover mapping at local and regional scales in the boreal forest ecosystem of central Canada","docAbstract":"Mosses and lichens are important components of boreal landscapes [Vitt et al., 1994; Bubier et al., 1997]. They affect plant productivity and belowground carbon sequestration and alter the surface runoff and energy balance. We report the use of multiresolution satellite data to map moss and lichens over the BOREAS region at a 10 m, 30 m, and 1 km scales. Our moss and lichen classification at the 10 m scale is based on ground observations of associations among soil drainage classes, overstory composition, and cover type among four broad classes of ground cover (feather, sphagnum, and brown mosses and lichens). For our 30 m map, we used field observations of ground cover-overstory associations to map mosses and lichens in the BOREAS southern study area (SSA). To scale up to a 1 km (AVHRR) moss map of the BOREAS region, we used the TM SSA mosaics plus regional field data to identify AVHRR overstory-ground cover associations. We found that: 1) ground cover, overstory composition and density are highly correlated, permitting inference of moss and lichen cover from satellite-based land cover classifications; 2) our 1 km moss map reveals that mosses dominate the boreal landscape of central Canada, thereby a significant factor for water, energy, and carbon modeling; 3) TM and AVHRR moss cover maps are comparable; 4) satellite data resolution is important; particularly in detecting the smaller wetland features, lakes, and upland jack pine sites; and 5) distinct regional patterns of moss and lichen cover correspond to latitudinal and elevational gradients. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001JD000509","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rapalee, G., Steyaert, L.T., and Hall, F., 2001, Moss and lichen cover mapping at local and regional scales in the boreal forest ecosystem of central Canada: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 106, no. D24, p. 33551-33563, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000509.","startPage":"33551","endPage":"33563","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"D24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e88e4b0c8380cd70ad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rapalee, G.","contributorId":35904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapalee","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, F.G.","contributorId":47099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023607,"text":"70023607 - 2001 - A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum stream temperatures across montane landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T18:56:31.073778","indexId":"70023607","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum stream temperatures across montane landscapes","docAbstract":"Temperature is an important variable structuring lotic biotas, but little is known about how montane landscapes function to determine stream temperatures. We developed an a priori hypothesis that was used to predict how watershed elements would interact to affect stream temperatures. The hypothesis was tested in a series of path analyses using temperature data from 26 sites on second-order to fourth-order streams across a fifth-order Rocky Mountain watershed. Based on the performance of the first hypothesis, two revised versions of the hypothesis were developed and tested that proved to be more accurate than the original hypothesis. The most plausible of the revised hypotheses accounted for 82 percent of the variation in maximum stream temperature, had a predicted data structure that did not deviate from the empirical data structure, and was the most parsimonious. The final working hypothesis suggested that stream temperature maxima were directly controlled by a large negative effect from mean basin elevation (direct effect = -0.57, p < 0.01) and smaller effects from riparian tree abundance (direct effect = -0.28, p = 0.03), and cattle density (direct effect = 0.24, p = 0.05). Watershed slope, valley constraint, and the abundance of grass across a watershed also affected temperature maxima, but these effects were indirect and mediated through cattle density and riparian trees. Three variables included in the a priori hypothesis - watershed aspect, stream width, and watershed size - had negligible effects on maximum stream temperatures and were omitted from the final working hypothesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00974.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Isaak, D., and Hubert, W., 2001, A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum stream temperatures across montane landscapes: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 351-366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00974.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"366","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains, Salt River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.04616216808714,\n 43.139890723203564\n ],\n [\n -111.12977536271666,\n 43.115178631422054\n ],\n [\n -111.21891670244534,\n 43.046032664721\n ],\n [\n -111.16225321517591,\n 42.92825485488726\n ],\n [\n -111.25277659117977,\n 42.933586502246754\n ],\n [\n -111.2873274980514,\n 42.91688872736688\n ],\n [\n -111.24241131911826,\n 42.80342663865923\n ],\n [\n -111.18367477743647,\n 42.70245285912256\n ],\n [\n -111.21960772058291,\n 42.568114256462025\n ],\n [\n -111.24379335539305,\n 42.5019200086148\n ],\n [\n -111.21200652107103,\n 42.43361558854676\n ],\n [\n -111.1422136891907,\n 42.279651660366284\n ],\n [\n -111.22582688382019,\n 42.207059013844685\n ],\n [\n -111.2230628112706,\n 42.106656327510365\n ],\n [\n -111.04547114995007,\n 42.000959395705166\n ],\n [\n -110.8913741053025,\n 42.11332062139613\n ],\n [\n -110.83471061803309,\n 42.26415344505111\n ],\n [\n -110.79946869302336,\n 42.460279038075896\n ],\n [\n -110.76284473173988,\n 42.51541115932892\n ],\n [\n -110.81121600136017,\n 42.64261801863492\n ],\n [\n -110.844384871957,\n 42.75586751710034\n ],\n [\n -110.8430028356822,\n 42.93860139371591\n ],\n [\n -110.90864955873833,\n 43.002309708424235\n ],\n [\n -110.93283519354848,\n 43.100775805618156\n ],\n [\n -110.96531304600808,\n 43.13104126026653\n ],\n [\n -111.04616216808714,\n 43.139890723203564\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42be4b0c8380cd46472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023605,"text":"70023605 - 2001 - The concept of hydrologic landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T18:30:52.645765","indexId":"70023605","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The concept of hydrologic landscapes","docAbstract":"Hydrologic landscapes are multiples or variations of fundamental hydrologic landscape units. A fundamental hydrologic landscape unit is defined on the basis of land-surface form, geology, and climate. The basic land-surface form of a fundamental hydrologic landscape unit is an upland separated from a lowland by an intervening steeper slope. Fundamental hydrologic landscape units have a complete hydrologic system consisting of surface runoff, ground-water flow, and interaction with atmospheric water. By describing actual landscapes in terms of land-surface slope, hydraulic properties of soils and geologic framework, and the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration, the hydrologic system of actual landscapes can be conceptualized in a uniform way. This conceptual framework can then be the foundation for design of studies and data networks, syntheses of information on local to national scales, and comparison of process research across small study units in a variety of settings. The Crow Wing River watershed in central Minnesota is used as an example of evaluating stream discharge in the context of hydrologic landscapes. Lake-research watersheds in Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Nebraska are used as an example of using the hydrologic-landscapes concept to evaluate the effect of ground water on the degree of mineralization and major-ion chemistry of lakes that lie within ground-water flow systems.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00973.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 2001, The concept of hydrologic landscapes: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 335-349, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00973.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"349","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.639066,45.935318],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-104.048807,48.933636],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.878454,49.333193],[-94.640803,48.741171],[-93.818375,48.534442],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-91.781928,46.697604],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.327548,46.550262],[-89.929158,46.29975],[-88.141001,45.930608],[-88.13364,45.823128],[-87.831442,45.714938],[-87.887828,45.358122],[-87.647454,45.345232],[-87.72796,45.207956],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-90.614589,42.508053],[-91.078097,42.806526],[-91.177728,43.118733],[-91.062562,43.243165],[-91.217706,43.50055]]],[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-98.568936,42.998537],[-98.042011,42.767316],[-97.834172,42.868794],[-97.256752,42.853913],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-95.850188,41.184798],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.336242,40.019104],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.053249,41.001406]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa53e4b08c986b3227d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023603,"text":"70023603 - 2001 - Does clutch size evolve in response to parasites and immunocompetence?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023603","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does clutch size evolve in response to parasites and immunocompetence?","docAbstract":"Parasites have been argued to influence clutch size evolution, but past work and theory has largely focused on within-species optimization solutions rather than clearly addressing among-species variation. The effects of parasites on clutch size variation among species can be complex, however, because different parasites can induce age-specific differences in mortality that can cause clutch size to evolve in different directions. We provide a conceptual argument that differences in immunocompetence among species should integrate differences in overall levels of parasite-induced mortality to which a species is exposed. We test this assumption and show that mortality caused by parasites is positively correlated with immunocompetence measured by cell-mediated measures. Under life history theory, clutch size should increase with increased adult mortality and decrease with increased juvenile mortality. Using immunocompetence as a general assay of parasite-induced mortality, we tested these predictions by using data for 25 species. We found that clutch size increased strongly with adult immunocompetence. In contrast, clutch size decreased weakly with increased juvenile immunocompetence. But, immunocompetence of juveniles may be constrained by selection on adults, and, when we controlled for adult immunocompetence, clutch size decreased with juvenile immunocompetence. Thus, immunocompetence seems to reflect evolutionary differences in parasite virulence experienced by species, and differences in age-specific parasite virulence appears to exert opposite selection on clutch size evolution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.98.4.2071","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Martin, T.E., Moller, A., Merino, S., and Clobert, J., 2001, Does clutch size evolve in response to parasites and immunocompetence?: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 98, no. 4, p. 2071-2076, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.4.2071.","startPage":"2071","endPage":"2076","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478956,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/29383","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207363,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.4.2071"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a038ee4b0c8380cd5052e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moller, A.P.","contributorId":45867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moller","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merino, S. 0000-0002-2834-2243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-2243","contributorId":26853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merino","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clobert, J.","contributorId":57997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clobert","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023595,"text":"70023595 - 2001 - Use of passive ambient ozone (O3) samplers in vegetation effects assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023595","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of passive ambient ozone (O3) samplers in vegetation effects assessment","docAbstract":"A stochastistic, Weibull probability model was developed and verified to simulate the underlying frequency distributions of hourly ozone (O3) concentrations (exposure dynamics) using the single, weekly mean values obtained from a passive (sodium nitrite absorbent) sampler. The simulation was based on the data derived from a co-located continuous monitor. Although at the moment the model output may be considered as being specific to the elevation and location of the study site, the results were extremely good. This effort for the approximation of the O3 exposure dynamics can be extended to other sites with similar data sets and in developing a generalized understanding of the stochastic O3 exposure-plant response relationships, conferring measurable benefits to the future use of passive O3 samplers, in the absence of continuous monitoring. Copyright ?? 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00228-1","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Krupa, S., Nosal, M., and Peterson, D.L., 2001, Use of passive ambient ozone (O3) samplers in vegetation effects assessment: Environmental Pollution, v. 112, no. 3, p. 303-309, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00228-1.","startPage":"303","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00228-1"},{"id":232742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf56e4b08c986b329ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krupa, S.","contributorId":64847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krupa","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nosal, M.","contributorId":57627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nosal","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022729,"text":"70022729 - 2001 - Microsatellite analyses of the trout of northwest Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T10:15:15","indexId":"70022729","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1739,"text":"Genetica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microsatellite analyses of the trout of northwest Mexico","docAbstract":"The trout of northwest Mexico represent an undescribed group of fish considered part of the Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pacific trout) complex of species and subspecies. Recent genetic studies have shown these fish to have important genetic diversity and a unique evolutionary history when compared to coastal rainbow trout. Increased levels of allelic diversity have been found in this species at the southern extent of its range. In this study we describe the trout in the Sierra Madre Occidental from the rios Yaqui, Mayo, Casas Grandes and de Bavispe, and their relationship to the more southern distribution of Mexican golden trout (O. chrysogaster) using 11 microsatellite loci. Microsatellite allelic diversity in Mexican trout was high with a mean of 6.6 alleles/locus, average heterozygosity = 0.35, and a mean Fst = 0.43 for all loci combined. Microsatellite data were congruent with previously published mtDNA results showing unique panmictic population structure in the Rio Yaqui trout that differs from Pacific coastal trout and Mexican golden trout. These data also add support for the theory of headwaters transfer of trout across the Continental Divide from tributaries of the Rio de Bavispe into the Rio Casas Grandes. Rio Mayo trout share a close genetic relationship to trout in Rio Yaqui, but sample sizes from the Rio Mayo prevent significant comparisons in this study. Microsatellite analyses show significant allelic frequency differences between Rio Yaqui trout and O. chrysogaster in Sinaloa and Durango Mexico, adding further support for a unique evolutionary status for this group of northwestern Mexican trout.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1013777701213","issn":"00166707","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J., and Sage, G.K., 2001, Microsatellite analyses of the trout of northwest Mexico: Genetica, v. 111, no. 1-3, p. 269-278, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013777701213.","startPage":"269","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013777701213"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56a0e4b0c8380cd6d6f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023586,"text":"70023586 - 2001 - Trends in evaporation and surface cooling in the Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023586","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in evaporation and surface cooling in the Mississippi River basin","docAbstract":"A synthesis of available data for the Mississippi River basin (area 3 ?? 106 km2) reveals an upward trend in evaporation during recent decades, driven primarily by increases in precipitation and secondarily by human water use. A cloud-related decrease in surface net radiation appears to have accompanied the precipitation trend. Resultant evaporative and radiative cooling of the land and lower atmosphere quantitatively explains downward trends in observed pan evaporation. These cooling tendencies also reconcile the observed regional atmospheric cooling with the anticipated regional \"greenhouse warming.\" If recent high levels of precipitation (which correlate with the North Atlantic Oscillation) are mainly caused by an internal climatic fluctuation, an eventual return to normal precipitation could reveal heretofore-unrealized warming in the basin. If, instead, they are caused by some unidentified forcing that will continue to grow in the future, then continued intensification of water cycling and suppression of warming in the basin could result.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012321","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., and Dunne, K., 2001, Trends in evaporation and surface cooling in the Mississippi River basin: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 7, p. 1219-1222, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012321.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1222","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487457,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012321","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207560,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012321"},{"id":232613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7e8e4b08c986b327568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}