The rate of population growth (lambda) is an important demographic parameter used to assess the viability of a population and to develop management and conservation agendas. We examined the use of resighting data to estimate lambda for the snail kite population in Florida from 1997-2000. The analyses consisted of (1) a robust design approach that derives an estimate of lambda from estimates of population size and (2) the Pradel (1996) temporal symmetry (TSM) approach that directly estimates lambda using an open-population capture-recapture model. Besides resighting data, both approaches required information on the number of unmarked individuals that were sighted during the sampling periods. The point estimates of lambda differed between the robust design and TSM approaches, but the 95% confidence intervals overlapped substantially. We believe the differences may be the result of sparse data and do not indicate the inappropriateness of either modelling technique. We focused on the results of the robust design because this approach provided estimates for all study years. Variation among these estimates was smaller than levels of variation among ad hoc estimates based on previously reported index statistics. We recommend that lambda of snail kites be estimated using capture-resighting methods rather than ad hoc counts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108854","usgsCitation":"Dreitz, V., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Bennetts, R., Kitchens, W., and DeAngelis, D., 2002, The use of resighting data to estimate the rate of population growth of the snail kite in Florida: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 609-623, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108854.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"623","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633ece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreitz, V.J.","contributorId":65432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreitz","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5211162,"text":"5211162 - 2002 - Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211162","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"Pradel's (1996) temporal symmetry model permitting direct estimation and modelling of population growth rate, lambda sub i provides a potentially useful tool for the study of population dynamics using marked animals. Because of its recent publication date, the approach has not seen much use, and there have been virtually no investigations directed at robustness of the resulting estimators. Here we consider several potential sources of bias, all motivated by specific uses of this estimation approach. We consider sampling situations in which the study area expands with time and present an analytic expression for the bias in lambda hat sub i. We next consider trap response in capture probabilities and heterogeneous capture probabilities and compute large-sample and simulation-based approximations of resulting bias in lambda hat sub i. These approximations indicate that trap response is an especially important assumption violation that can produce substantial bias. Finally, we consider losses on capture and emphasize the importance of selecting the estimator for lambda sub i that is appropriate to the question being addressed. For studies based on only sighting and resighting data, Pradel's (1996) lambda hat prime sub i is the appropriate estimator.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Statistical analysis of data from marked bird populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"EURING 2000 Conference, Point Reyes, California, October 1-7. PDF on file: 5829_Hines.pdf","usgsCitation":"Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 2002, Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data, chap. of Statistical analysis of data from marked bird populations, p. 573-587.","productDescription":"669","startPage":"573","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"669","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4779e4b07f02db47f3f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211159,"text":"5211159 - 2002 - Model-based estimation of individual fitness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211159","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Model-based estimation of individual fitness","docAbstract":"Fitness is the currency of natural selection, a measure of the propagation rate of genotypes into future generations. Its various definitions have the common feature that they are functions of survival and fertility rates. At the individual level, the operative level for natural selection, these rates must be understood as latent features, genetically determined propensities existing at birth. This conception of rates requires that individual fitness be defined and estimated by consideration of the individual in a modelled relation to a group of similar individuals; the only alternative is to consider a sample of size one, unless a clone of identical individuals is available. We present hierarchical models describing individual heterogeneity in survival and fertility rates and allowing for associations between these rates at the individual level. We apply these models to an analysis of life histories of Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla ) observed at several colonies on the Brittany coast of France. We compare Bayesian estimation of the population distribution of individual fitness with estimation based on treating individual life histories in isolation, as samples of size one (e.g. McGraw & Caswell, 1996).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Statistical analysis of data from marked bird populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"EURING 2000 Conference, Point Reyes, California, October 1-7. PDF on file: 5825_Link.pdf","usgsCitation":"Link, W., Cooch, E., and Cam, E., 2002, Model-based estimation of individual fitness, chap. of Statistical analysis of data from marked bird populations, p. 207-224.","productDescription":"669","startPage":"207","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"669","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3f97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cam, E.","contributorId":12952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211173,"text":"5211173 - 2002 - Contrasting determinants of abundance in ancestral and colonized ranges of an invasive brood parasite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5211173","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contrasting determinants of abundance in ancestral and colonized ranges of an invasive brood parasite","docAbstract":"Avian species distributions are typically regarded as constrained by spatially extensive variables such as climate, habitat, spatial patchiness, and microhabitat attributes. We hypothesized that the distribution of a brood parasite depends as strongly on host distribution patterns as on biophysical factors and examined this hypothesis with respect to the national distribution of the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). We applied a classification and regression (CART) analysis to data from the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and the Christmas Bird Count (CBC) and derived hierarchically organized statistical models of the influence of climate and weather, cropping and land use, and host abundance and distribution on the distribution of the Brown-headed Cowbird within the conterminous United States. The model accounted for 47.2% of the variation in cowbird incidence, and host abundance was the top predictor with an R2 of 18.9%. The other predictors identified by the model (crops 15.7%, weather and climate 14.3%, and region 9.6%) fit the ecological profile of this cowbird. We showed that host abundance was independent of these environmental predictors of cowbird distribution. At the regional scale host abundance played a very strong role in determining cowbird abundance in the cowbird?s colonized range east and west of their ancestral range in the Great Plains (26.6%). Crops were not a major predictor for cowbirds in their ancestral range, although they are the most important predictive factor (33%) for the grassland passerines that are the cowbird?s ancestral hosts. Consequently our findings suggest that the distribution of hosts does indeed take precedence over habitat attributes in shaping the cowbird?s distribution at a national scale, within an envelope of constraint set by biophysical factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Predicting Species Occurrences : Issues of Accuracy and Scale","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","collaboration":"OCLC: 48501074 PDF on file: 5878_Hahn.pdf","usgsCitation":"Hahn, D., and O’Connor, R., 2002, Contrasting determinants of abundance in ancestral and colonized ranges of an invasive brood parasite, chap. of Predicting Species Occurrences : Issues of Accuracy and Scale, p. 219-228.","productDescription":"xvii, 868","startPage":"219","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db6919fe","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507671,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heglund, Patricia J.","contributorId":51248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"Patricia J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507670,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, Michael L.","contributorId":111417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507672,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haufler, Jonathan B.","contributorId":112340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haufler","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507673,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wall, William A.","contributorId":113497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507674,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, R.J.","contributorId":37861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211157,"text":"5211157 - 2002 - Test for age-specificity in survival of the common tern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211157","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Test for age-specificity in survival of the common tern","docAbstract":"Much effort in life-history theory has been addressed to the dependence of life-history traits on age, especially the phenomenon of senescence and its evolution. Although senescent declines in survival are well documented in humans and in domestic and laboratory animals, evidence for their occurrence and importance in wild animal species remains limited and equivocal. Several recent papers have suggested that methodological issues may contribute to this problem, and have encouraged investigators to improve sampling designs and to analyse their data using recently developed approaches to modelling of capture-mark-recapture data. Here we report on a three-year, two-site, mark-recapture study of known-aged common terns (Sterna hirundo) in the north-eastern USA. The study was nested within a long-term ecological study in which large numbers of chicks had been banded in each year for > 25 years. We used a range of models to test the hypothesis of an influence of age on survival probability. We also tested for a possible influence of sex on survival. The cross-sectional design of the study (one year's parameter estimates) avoided the possible confounding of effects of age and time. The study was conducted at a time when one of the study sites was being colonized and numbers were increasing rapidly. We detected two-way movements between the sites and estimated movement probabilities in the year for which they could be modelled. We also obtained limited data on emigration from our study area to more distant sites. We found no evidence that survival depended on either sex or age, except that survival was lower among the youngest birds (ages 2-3 years). Despite the large number of birds included in the study (1599 known-aged birds, 2367 total), confidence limits on estimates of survival probability were wide, especially for the oldest age-classes, so that a slight decline in survival late in life could not have been detected. In addition, the cross-sectional design of this study meant that a decline in survival probability within individuals (actuarial senescence) could have been masked by heterogeneity in survival probability among individuals (mortality selection). This emphasizes the need for the development of modelling tools permitting separation of these two phenomena, valid under field conditions in which the recapture probabilities are less than one.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Statistical analysis of data from marked bird populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"EURING 2000 Conference, Point Reyes, California, October 1-7.","usgsCitation":"Nisbet, I., and Cam, E., 2002, Test for age-specificity in survival of the common tern, chap. of Statistical analysis of data from marked bird populations, p. 65-83.","productDescription":"669","startPage":"65","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"669","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cam, E.","contributorId":12952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211155,"text":"5211155 - 2002 - Occam's shadow: levels of analysis in evolutionary ecology - where to next?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T20:39:00","indexId":"5211155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occam's shadow: levels of analysis in evolutionary ecology - where to next?","docAbstract":"Evolutionary ecology is the study of evolutionary processes, and the ecological conditions that influence them. A fundamental paradigm underlying the study of evolution is natural selection. Although there are a variety of operational definitions for natural selection in the literature, perhaps the most general one is that which characterizes selection as the process whereby heritable variation in fitness associated with variation in one or more phenotypic traits leads to intergenerational change in the frequency distribution of those traits. The past 20 years have witnessed a marked increase in the precision and reliability of our ability to estimate one or more components of fitness and characterize natural selection in wild populations, owing particularly to significant advances in methods for analysis of data from marked individuals. In this paper, we focus on several issues that we believe are important considerations for the application and development of these methods in the context of addressing questions in evolutionary ecology. First, our traditional approach to estimation often rests upon analysis of aggregates of individuals, which in the wild may reflect increasingly non-random (selected) samples with respect to the trait(s) of interest. In some cases, analysis at the aggregate level, rather than the individual level, may obscure important patterns. While there are a growing number of analytical tools available to estimate parameters at the individual level, and which can cope (to varying degrees) with progressive selection of the sample, the advent of new methods does not reduce the need to consider carefully the appropriate level of analysis in the first place. Estimation should be motivated a priori by strong theoretical analysis. Doing so provides clear guidance, in terms of both (i) assisting in the identification of realistic and meaningful models to include in the candidate model set, and (ii) providing the appropriate context under which the results are interpreted. Second, while it is true that selection (as defined) operates at the level of the individual, the selection gradient is often (if not generally) conditional on the abundance of the population. As such, it may be important to consider estimating transition rates conditional on both the parameter values of the other individuals in the population (or at least their distribution), and population abundance. This will undoubtedly pose a considerable challenge, for both single- and multi-strata applications. It will also require renewed consideration of the estimation of abundance, especially for open populations. Thirdly, selection typically operates on dynamic, individually varying traits. Such estimation may require characterizing fitness in terms of individual plasticity in one or more state variables, constituting analysis of the norms of reaction of individuals to variable environments. This can be quite complex, especially for traits that are under facultative control. Recent work has indicated that the pattern of selection on such traits is conditional on the relative rates of movement among and frequency of spatially heterogeneous habitats, suggesting analyses of evolution of life histories in open populations can be misleading in some cases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108421","collaboration":"EURING 2000 Conference, Point Reyes, California, October 1-7. PDF on file: 5821 Cooch.pdf","usgsCitation":"Cooch, E., Cam, E., and Link, W., 2002, Occam's shadow: levels of analysis in evolutionary ecology - where to next?: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 19-48, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108421.","startPage":"19","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267821,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108421"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6492ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cam, E.","contributorId":12952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211150,"text":"5211150 - 2002 - Modelling postfledging survival and age-specific breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: A case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T16:10:42.999751","indexId":"5211150","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling postfledging survival and age-specific breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: A case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut","docAbstract":"We modeled postfledging survival and age-specific breeding probabilities in endangered Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) at Falkner Island, Connecticut, USA using capture-recapture data from 1988-1998 of birds ringed as chicks and as adults. While no individuals bred as 2-yr-olds during this period, about three-quarters of the young that survived and returned as 3-yr-olds nested, and virtually all surviving birds had begun breeding by the time they reached 5 years of age. We found no evidence of temporal variation in age of first breeding of birds from different cohorts. There was significant temporal variation in the annual survival of adults and the survival over the typical 3-yr maturation period of prebreeding birds, with extremely low values for both groups from the 1991 breeding season. The estimated overwinter survival rate (0.62) for adults from 1991-1992 was about three-quarters the usual rate of about 0.83, but the low survival of fledglings from 1991 resulted in less than 25% of the otherwise expected number of young from that cohort returning as breeding birds; this suggests that fledglings suffered a greater proportional decrease in survival than did adults. The survival estimates of young from 1989 and 1990 show that these cohorts were not negatively influenced by the events that decimated the young from 1991, and the young from 1992 and 1993 had above-average survival estimates. The apparent decrease since 1996 in development of fidelity of new recruits to this site is suspected due mainly to nocturnal disturbance and predation of chicks causing low productivity.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108764","usgsCitation":"Spendelow, J.A., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Lebreton, J., and Pradel, R., 2002, Modelling postfledging survival and age-specific breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: A case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 385-405, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108764.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Falkner Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.65531301498413,\n 41.21052697828058\n ],\n [\n -72.6528239250183,\n 41.21052697828058\n ],\n [\n -72.6528239250183,\n 41.21402980164528\n ],\n [\n -72.65531301498413,\n 41.21402980164528\n ],\n [\n -72.65531301498413,\n 41.21052697828058\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613efa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spendelow, Jeffrey A. 0000-0001-8167-0898 jspendelow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":4355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jspendelow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":330258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebreton, Jean-Dominique","contributorId":172792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebreton","given":"Jean-Dominique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pradel, Roger","contributorId":176008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pradel","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5200256,"text":"5200256 - 2002 - Analysis and Management of Animal Populations: Modeling, Estimation and Decision Making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5200256","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Analysis and Management of Animal Populations: Modeling, Estimation and Decision Making","docAbstract":"This book deals with the processes involved in making informed decisions about the management of animal populations. It covers the modeling of population responses to management actions, the estimation of quantities needed in the modeling effort, and the application of these estimates and models to the development of sound management decisions. The book synthesizes and integrates in a single volume the methods associated with these themes, as they apply to ecological assessment and conservation of animal populations. KEY FEATURES * Integrates population modeling, parameter estimation and * decision-theoretic approaches to management in a single, cohesive framework * Provides authoritative, state-of-the-art descriptions of quantitative * approaches to modeling, estimation and decision-making * Emphasizes the role of mathematical modeling in the conduct of science * and management * Utilizes a unifying biological context, consistent mathematical notation, * and numerous biological examples","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","collaboration":"OCLC: 49666129. Book reviews: SCIENCE 298(5592):367-368, October 11, 2002 BIOMETRICS 60(3):842, 2004. View the publisher's description and table of contents at URLs above. PDF on file: 5850_Williams_TOC.pdf","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., Nichols, J., and Conroy, M., 2002, Analysis and Management of Animal Populations: Modeling, Estimation and Decision Making, xvii, 817.","productDescription":"xvii, 817","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680ca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5200269,"text":"5200269 - 2002 - Exposure of free-flying birds to anticholinesterase insecticides in two conventionally managed fruit orchards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5200269","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Exposure of free-flying birds to anticholinesterase insecticides in two conventionally managed fruit orchards","docAbstract":"Conventionally managed orchards receive extensive applications of anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) insecticides throughout the growing season. Because many avian species make use of these environments for nesting and foraging, they may receive substantial exposure to anti-ChEs. The model used to assess avian risk in these environments is highly simplified, and indicator species used in risk studies may misrepresent the risk of the species in the field. A better understanding of avian risk is needed, and should begin with a closer examination o# their exposure in these environments. Exposure of free-flying birds was examined in two conventional orchards during the nesting seasons of 1999 and 2000. Our goal was to demonstrate the influences of species and chemical differences on the exposure we observed. Plasma ChE activity and ChE reactivation were used to identify exposure in multiple species following anti-ChE applications (applied singly and in mixtures). Chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina), American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis), and American robins (Turdus migratorius) demonstrated significant ChE activity depression in 1999 (p 0.005), and only chipping sparrows demonstrated significant depression in 2000 (p = 0.0002). These three species demonstrated the highest proportion of exposed individuals among all species examined in both years. Because many chemicals were simultaneously present in each orchard, chemical influences on the exposure we observed could not be discerned. This work does demonstrate, however, that avian species differ significantly in their exposure, and that chipping sparrows demonstrated the greatest exposure among the species analyzed. These results underscore the need for multiple species studies and for choosing indicator species on a biologically relevant basis.","language":"English","publisher":"M.S. Thesis, University of Maryland","publisherLocation":"College Park, MD","collaboration":"Funded by Patuxent ; Nimish Vyas on the Advisory Committee","usgsCitation":"Borges, S., 2002, Exposure of free-flying birds to anticholinesterase insecticides in two conventionally managed fruit orchards, vii, 81.","productDescription":"vii, 81","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1d1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borges, S.L.","contributorId":101344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borges","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200268,"text":"5200268 - 2002 - Breeding population density and habitat use of Swainson's warblers in a Georgia floodplain forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5200268","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Breeding population density and habitat use of Swainson's warblers in a Georgia floodplain forest","docAbstract":"I examined density and habitat use of a Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) breeding population in Georgia. This songbird species is inadequately monitored, and may be declining due to anthropogenic alteration of floodplain forest breeding habitats. I used distance sampling methods to estimate density, finding 9.4 singing males/ha (CV = 0.298). Individuals were encountered too infrequently to produce a Iow-variance estimate, and distance sampling thus may be impracticable for monitoring this relatively rare species. I developed a set of multivariate habitat models using binary logistic regression techniques, based on measurement of 22 variables in 56 plots occupied by Swainson's Warblers and 110 unoccupied plots. Occupied areas were characterized by high stem density of cane (Arundinaria gigantea) and other shrub layer vegetation, and presence of abundant and accessible leaf litter. I recommend two habitat models, which correctly classified 87-89% of plots in cross-validation runs, for potential use in habitat assessment at other locations.","language":"English","publisher":"M.S. Thesis, University of Georgia","publisherLocation":"Athens, GA","collaboration":"Partially funded by Patuxent ; Joe Meyers Major Professor","usgsCitation":"Wright, E., 2002, Breeding population density and habitat use of Swainson's warblers in a Georgia floodplain forest, ix, 89.","productDescription":"ix, 89","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb41e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, E.A.","contributorId":33025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80034,"text":"i2698E - 2002 - Backscatter Intensity and Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography of Quadrangles 1 and 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"i2698E","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2698","subseriesTitle":"GIS","chapter":"E","title":"Backscatter Intensity and Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography of Quadrangles 1 and 2","docAbstract":"The Great South Channel separates the western part of Georges Bank from Nantucket Shoals and is a major conduit for the exchange of water between the Gulf of Maine to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Water depths range mostly between 65 and 80 m in the region. A minimum depth of 45 m occurs in the east-central part of the mapped area, and a maximum depth of 100 m occurs in the northwest corner. The channel region is characterized by strong tidal and storm currents that flow dominantly north and south. Major topographic features of the seabed were formed by glacial and postglacial processes. Ice containing rock debris moved from north to south, sculpting the region into a broad shallow depression and depositing sediment to form the irregular depressions and low gravelly mounds and ridges that are visible in parts of the mapped area. Many other smaller glacial featuresprobably have been eroded by waves and currents at worksince the time when the region, formerly exposed bylowered sea level or occupied by ice, was invaded by the sea. The low, irregular and somewhat lumpy fabric formed by the glacial deposits is obscured in places by drifting sand and by the linear, sharp fabric formed by modern sand features. Today, sand transported by the strong north-south-flowing tidal and storm currents has formed large, east-west-trending dunes. These bedforms (ranging between 5 and 20 m in height) contrast strongly with, and partly mask, the subdued topography of the older glacial features.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maps Showing Sea Floor Topography, Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography, and Backscatter Intensity of Quadrangles 1 and 2 in the Great South Channel Region, Western Georges Bank","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2698E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., Middleton, T.J., and Fuller, S.J., 2002, Backscatter Intensity and Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography of Quadrangles 1 and 2 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2698, 1 Sheet: 40 x 57 inches; Also available on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2698E.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 40 x 57 inches; Also available on CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9792,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2698/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.05,40.9 ], [ -69.05,41.13333333333333 ], [ -68.78333333333333,41.13333333333333 ], [ -68.78333333333333,40.9 ], [ -69.05,40.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ad9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Tammie J.","contributorId":27532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Tammie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Sarah J.","contributorId":39878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39987,"text":"wri024116 - 2002 - Simulation of hydrodynamics, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 1994-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:53","indexId":"wri024116","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4116","title":"Simulation of hydrodynamics, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 1994-1995","docAbstract":"The tailwaters of Beaver Lake and other White River reservoirs support a cold-water trout fishery of significant economic yield in northwestern Arkansas. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission has requested an increase in existing minimum flows through the Beaver Lake dam to increase the amount of fishable waters downstream. Information is needed to assess the impact of additional minimum flows on temperature and dissolved-oxygen qualities of reservoir water above the dam and the release water. A two-dimensional, laterally averaged hydrodynamic, thermal and dissolved-oxygen model was developed and calibrated for Beaver Lake, Arkansas. The model simulates surface-water elevation, currents, heat transport and dissolved-oxygen dynamics. The model was developed to assess the impacts of proposed increases in minimum flows from 1.76 cubic meters per second (the existing minimum flow) to 3.85 cubic meters per second (the additional minimum flow). Simulations included assessing (1) the impact of additional minimum flows on tailwater temperature and dissolved-oxygen quality and (2) increasing initial water-surface elevation 0.5 meter and assessing the impact of additional minimum flow on tailwater temperatures and dissolved-oxygen concentrations. The additional minimum flow simulation (without increasing initial pool elevation) appeared to increase the water temperature (<0.9 degrees Celsius) and decrease dissolved oxygen concentration (<2.2 milligrams per liter) in the outflow discharge. Conversely, the additional minimum flow plus initial increase in pool elevation (0.5 meter) simulation appeared to decrease outflow water temperature (0.5 degrees Celsius) and increase dissolved oxygen concentration (<1.2 milligrams per liter) through time. However, results from both minimum flow scenarios for both water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration were within the boundaries or similar to the error between measured and simulated water column profile values.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024116","usgsCitation":"Haggard, B., and Green, W.R., 2002, Simulation of hydrodynamics, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 1994-1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4116, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024116.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3671,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ar.water.usgs.gov/LOCAL_REPORTS/WRIR_02-4116.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haggard, Brian","contributorId":81548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53430,"text":"wri024132 - 2002 - Ground-Water Resource Assessment in the Rio Grande de Manati Alluvial Plain, Rio Arriba Saliente Area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"wri024132","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4132","title":"Ground-Water Resource Assessment in the Rio Grande de Manati Alluvial Plain, Rio Arriba Saliente Area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The alluvial aquifer within a 160-acre area of the Rio Grande de Manati alluvial plain was investigated to evaluate its potential as a water-supply source for the Barrios Rio Arriba Saliente and Pugnado Afuera, municipio of Manati, Puerto Rico. Analysis of well boring samples and the results of electric resistivity surveys indicate that the average thickness of the unconsolidated alluvial deposits in the study area is about 100 to 110 feet. The alluvium is a mixture of sand and gravel, which generally has a porosity of 0.2 to 0.35. Short-duration pump tests in small-diameter piezometers indicate that the alluvial aquifer has a hydraulic conductivity of about 200 feet per day and a transmissivity of about 7,900 feet squared per day. \r\n\r\nAnalyses of water levels in piezometers, combined with stage measurements at a series of surveyed reference points along the Rio Grande de Manati channel, indicate that the water-table gradient in the alluvial aquifer is about 0.001, and that ground-water flow is generally from south to north, in the general direction of river flow. The water-table data indicate that the Rio Grande de Manati is the principal source of ground-water recharge to the alluvial aquifer in the study area. Because base flow for the Rio Grande de Manati is usually greater than 44 cubic feet per second, a continuous withdrawal rate of 0.5 to 1.0 cubic foot per second (225 to 450 gallons per minute) from a production well is possible. \r\n\r\nChemical analysis of a ground-water sample indicates that the alluvial aquifer water meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary standards for selected constituents. Bacteriological analysis of ground-water samples indicates that the ground water contains little or no fecal coliform or fecal streptococcus bacteria. Although long-term data from upstream of the study area indicate high levels of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus prior to 1996, bacteriological analyses of Rio Grande de Manati water samples obtained during the present study indicate that fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations are within the standards for surface water intended for use (or with the potential for use) as a raw source of public water supply in Puerto Rico. \r\n\r\nIf a production well were constructed in the study area, it would be located close to the river channel (within 500 to 800 feet). Pumping from the porous and permeable alluvial aquifer close to the river channel could substantially enhance recharge from the Rio Grande de Manati channel to the aquifer. Enhanced recharge could shorten travel times for ground water in the aquifer, which might not allow sufficient time to attenuate bacteria and viruses. Travel times for bacteria moving from the river channel to a hypothetical production well were estimated using the numerical transport model MODFLOW/MT3DMS with an uncalibrated model of the alluvial aquifer. The model assumes a well pumping at 1 cubic foot per second. The transport of particles from the river to the well is most sensitive to the porosity of the aquifer and the pumping rate of the well. Sensitivity analysis indicates that a decrease in pumpage will increase the time of travel for particles to move from the river to the pumping well. The model indicates that the leading edge of a plume would reach the production well in about 40 days assuming a porosity of 0.20, 60 days assuming a porosity of 0.275, and about 70 days assuming a porosity of 0.35. If the well were moved 50 feet further from the river, the leading edge of the plume would reach the well in about 50 days assuming a porosity of 0.20 and about 70 days assuming a porosity of 0.275. These estimates are considered worse case estimates because no decay rate was included in the simulation, and because the hypothetical well was located in the center of the alluvial plain rather than further eastward, away from the river channel.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024132","usgsCitation":"Torres-Gonzalez, S., Gómez-Gómez, F., and Warne, A.G., 2002, Ground-Water Resource Assessment in the Rio Grande de Manati Alluvial Plain, Rio Arriba Saliente Area, Puerto Rico (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4132, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024132.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5213,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pr.water.usgs.gov/public/online_pubs/wri02_4132/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":180714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres-Gonzalez, Sigfredo sttorres@usgs.gov","contributorId":3997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Gonzalez","given":"Sigfredo","email":"sttorres@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warne, Andrew G.","contributorId":9714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warne","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50088,"text":"fs11302 - 2002 - Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-13T17:23:18","indexId":"fs11302","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"113-02","title":"Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","docAbstract":"The water resources of the Coconino Plateau in northern Arizona are under increasing demand as a result of development. The population of this arid region continues to grow, and the number of visitors to the many national and state parks and monuments in the region has increased annually. The sustainability, protection, and maintenance of springs and seeps and associated riparian habitat on the Coconino Plateau are major issues that have broad public and governmental support.
\nRegional stakeholders agree that an improved understanding of the regional hydrogeologic system is needed to address the concerns of water supply and ground-water sustainability. The base of information required to adequately describe the hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau currently does not exist. Hydrogeologic data is most abundant for large population centers like Flagstaff and Sedona, but is sparse for less populated areas like Williams, Tusayan, Valle, and Cameron. There are still large parts of the Coconino Plateau for which there is no basic geologic or hydrologic information available. In order to develop a hydrogeologic framework for the Coconino Plateau, a comprehensive effort is needs to compile existent data and collect additional data to fill in data gaps and reinforce limited information.
\nIn 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began an assessment of the hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) as part of the Rural Watershed Initiative, a program established by the State of Arizona and managed by the ADWR. Assessments also are underway in the upper-middle Verde River watershed (Woodhouse and others, 2002) to the south and in the Mogollon Highlands to the southeast (Parker and Flynn, 2000).
\nEach study has as its objectives: (1) the collection, compilation, and evaluation of all existing geologic, hydrologic, and related data pertaining to the study area and the creation of a database that is readily accessible to the public and (2) the development of an understanding of the hydrogeologic framework, which is the relation between hydrologic and geologic properties, that can be used for water-resources management purposes and that will support the development of conceptual and interpretive models that can be used to evaluate the effects of climate and water use on regional water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs11302","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Flynn, M., and Bills, D., 2002, Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 113-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11302.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288602,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0113-02/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Coconino Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.2018,34.4884 ], [ -113.2018,36.9257 ], [ -110.8575,36.9257 ], [ -110.8575,34.4884 ], [ -113.2018,34.4884 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ab7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44966,"text":"wri024033 - 2002 - Factors affecting ground-water exchange and catchment size for Florida lakes in mantled karst terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024033","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4033","title":"Factors affecting ground-water exchange and catchment size for Florida lakes in mantled karst terrain","docAbstract":"In the mantled karst terrain of Florida, the size of the catchment delivering ground-water inflow to lakes is often considerably smaller than the topographically defined drainage basin. The size is determined by a balance of factors that act individually to enhance or diminish the hydraulic connection between the lake and the adjacent surficial aquifer, as well as the hydraulic connection between the surficial aquifer and the deeper limestone aquifer. Factors affecting ground-water exchange and the size of the ground-water catchment for lakes in mantled karst terrain were examined by: (1) reviewing the physical and hydrogeological characteristics of 14 Florida lake basins with available ground-water inflow estimates, and (2) simulating ground-water flow in hypothetical lake basins. Variably-saturated flow modeling was used to simulate a range of physical and hydrogeologic factors observed at the 14 lake basins. These factors included: recharge rate to the surficial aquifer, thickness of the unsaturated zone, size of the topographically defined basin, depth of the lake, thickness of the surficial aquifer, hydraulic conductivity of the geologic units, the location and size of karst subsidence features beneath and onshore of the lake, and the head in the Upper Floridan aquifer. \r\n\r\nCatchment size and the magnitude of ground-water inflow increased with increases in recharge rate to the surficial aquifer, the size of the topographically defined basin, hydraulic conductivity in the surficial aquifer, the degree of confinement of the deeper Upper Floridan aquifer, and the head in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The catchment size and magnitude of ground-water inflow increased with decreases in the number and size of karst subsidence features in the basin, and the thickness of the unsaturated zone near the lake. Model results, although qualitative, provided insights into: (1) the types of lake basins in mantled karst terrain that have the potential to generate small and large amounts of ground-water inflow, and (2) the location of ground-water catchments that could be managed to safeguard lake water quality. Knowledge of how ground-water catchments are related to lakes could be used by water-resource managers to recommend setback distances for septic tank drain fields, agricultural land uses, and other land-use practices that contribute nutrients and major ions to lakes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024033","usgsCitation":"Lee, T., 2002, Factors affecting ground-water exchange and catchment size for Florida lakes in mantled karst terrain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4033, vi, 54 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024033.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3840,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Terrie Mackin","contributorId":49776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Terrie Mackin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47757,"text":"wri024250 - 2002 - Simulation of hydrodynamics, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in Norfork Lake, Arkansas, 1994-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T20:18:26.080068","indexId":"wri024250","displayToPublicDate":"2004-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4250","title":"Simulation of hydrodynamics, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in Norfork Lake, Arkansas, 1994-1995","docAbstract":"Outflow from Norfork Lake and other White River reservoirs support a cold-water trout fishery of significant economic yield in north-central Arkansas and south-central Missouri. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission has requested an increase in existing minimum flows through the Norfork Lake dam to increase the amount of fishable waters downstream. Information is needed to assess the impact of increased minimum flows on temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentrations of reservoir water and the outflow.\r\n\r\nA two-dimensional, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic, temperature, and dissolved-oxygen model was developed and calibrated for Norfork Lake, located on the Arkansas-Missouri State line. The model simulates water-surface elevation, heat transport, and dissolved-oxygen dynamics. The model was developed to assess the impacts of proposed increases in minimum flow from 1.6 cubic meter per second (the existing minimum flow) to 8.5 cubic meters per second (the increased minimum flow). Simulations included assessing the impact of (1) increased minimum flows and (2) increased minimum flows with increased water-surface elevation of 1.1 meter in Norfork Lake on outflow temperatures and dissolved-oxygen concentrations.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe increased minimum flow simulation (without increasing initial water-surface elevation) appeared to increase the water temperature and decrease dissolved-oxygen concentration in the outflow. Conversely, the increased minimum flow and initial increase in water-surface elevation (1.1 meter) simulation appeared to decrease outflow water temperature and increase dissolved-oxygen concentration through time. However, results from both scenarios for water temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentration were within the boundaries or similar to the error between measured and simulated water column profile values.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024250","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., and Green, W.R., 2002, Simulation of hydrodynamics, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in Norfork Lake, Arkansas, 1994-1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4250, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024250.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407994,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54524.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":84660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4250/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4250/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Norfolk Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.35107421874999,\n 36.21879505532196\n ],\n [\n -92.11074829101562,\n 36.21879505532196\n ],\n [\n -92.11074829101562,\n 36.54384614538856\n ],\n [\n -92.35107421874999,\n 36.54384614538856\n ],\n [\n -92.35107421874999,\n 36.21879505532196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4938e4b07f02db586d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44927,"text":"wri024187 - 2002 - Water-quality, biological, and habitat assessment of the Boeuf River Basin, southeastern Arkansas, 1994-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:57","indexId":"wri024187","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4187","title":"Water-quality, biological, and habitat assessment of the Boeuf River Basin, southeastern Arkansas, 1994-96","docAbstract":"Water-quality and biological samples were collected at several sites in the Boeuf River Basin between November 1994 and December 1996. Water-quality and benthic macroinvertebrate community samples were collected and habitat was measured once at 25 ambient monitoring sites during periods of seasonal low flow. Water-quality storm-runoff samples were collected during 11 storm events at two sites (one draining a cotton field and one draining a forested area). Water-quality samples were collected at one site during the draining of a catfish pond.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples from the 25 ambient sites indicate that streams in the Boeuf River Basin typically are turbid and nutrient enriched in late fall during periods of relatively low flow. Most suspended solids concentrations ranged from about 50 to 200 milligrams per liter (mg/L), most total nitrogen concentrations ranged from about 1.1 to 1.8 mg/L, and most total phosphorus concentrations ranged from about 0.25 to 0.40\r\nmg/L.\r\n\r\nSuspended solids, total nitrogen, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved orthophosphorus concentrations from samples collected during storm events were typically higher at the cotton field site than at the forested site. Estimated annual yields of suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus were substantially higher from the cotton field than from the forested area. Dissolved chloride concentrations typically were higher at the forested site than from the cotton field site. Typically, the suspended solids and nutrient concentrations from the 25 ambient sites were lower than concentrations in runoff from the cotton field but higher than concentrations in runoff from the forest area. Concentrations of sulfate, chloride, suspended solids, and some nutrients in samples from the catfish pond generally were greater than concentrations in samples from other sites. Total phosphorus, orthophosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations from the catfish pond generally were lower than concentrations in samples from other sites.\r\n\r\nBiological condition scores calculated using macroinvertebrate samples and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Rapid Bioassessment Protocol II indicated that most of the 25 ambient sites would be in the 'moderately impaired' category. However, substantial uncertainty exists in this rating because bioassessment data were compared with data from a reference site outside of the Boeuf River Basin sampled using different methods. Several metrics indicated that communities at most of the ambient sites are composed of more tolerant macroinvertebrates than the community at the reference site.\r\n\r\nHabitat assessments (using Rapid Bioassessment Protocol II) indicated the reference site outside the Boeuf River Basin had better habitat than the ambient sites. Physical habitat scores for the 25 ambient sites indicated that most ambient sites had poor bottom substrate cover, embeddedness values, and flow and had poor to fair habitat related to most other factors. Most habitat factors at the reference site were considered good to excellent.\r\n\r\nPart of the variation in biological condition scores was explained by physical habitat scores and concentrations of suspended solids and dissolved oxygen. However, a considerable amount of variability in biological condition scores is not explained by these factors.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024187","usgsCitation":"Barks, C.S., Petersen, J., and Usrey, F.D., 2002, Water-quality, biological, and habitat assessment of the Boeuf River Basin, southeastern Arkansas, 1994-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4187, iv, 36 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024187.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3804,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ar.water.usgs.gov/LOCAL_REPORTS/WRIR_02-4187/WRIR_02-4187.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a0e4b07f02db49468a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barks, C. Shane csbarks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barks","given":"C.","email":"csbarks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Shane","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Usrey, Faron D.","contributorId":62875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usrey","given":"Faron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50704,"text":"ofr02397 - 2002 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Kanaga Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-12T15:19:14","indexId":"ofr02397","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-397","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Kanaga Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Kanaga Volcano is a steep-sided, symmetrical, cone-shaped, 1307 meter high, andesitic stratovolcano on the north end of Kanaga Island (51°55’ N latitude, 177°10’ W longitude) in the western Aleutian Islands of Alaska. Kanaga Island is an elongated, low-relief (except for the volcano) island, located about 35 kilometers west of the community of Adak on Adak Island and is part of the Andreanof Islands Group of islands. Kanaga Volcano is one of the 41 historically active volcanoes in Alaska and has erupted numerous times in the past 11,000 years, including at least 10 eruptions in the past 250 years (Miller and others, 1998). The most recent eruption occurred in 1993-95 and caused minor ash fall on Adak Island and produced blocky aa lava flows that reached the sea on the northwest and west sides of the volcano (Neal and others, 1995).\n\nThe summit of the volcano is characterized by a small, circular crater about 200 meters in diameter and 50-70 meters deep. Several active fumaroles are present in the crater and around the crater rim. The flanking slopes of the volcano are steep (20-30 degrees) and consist mainly of blocky, linear to spoonshaped lava flows that formed during eruptions of late Holocene age (about the past 3,000 years). The modern cone sits within a circular caldera structure that formed by large-scale collapse of a preexisting volcano. Evidence for eruptions of this preexisting volcano mainly consists of lava flows exposed along Kanaton Ridge, indicating that this former volcanic center was predominantly effusive in character. In winter (October-April), Kanaga Volcano may be covered by substantial amounts of snow that would be a source of water for lahars (volcanic mudflows). In summer, much of the snowpack melts, leaving only a patchy distribution of snow on the volcano. Glacier ice is not present on the volcano or on other parts of Kanaga Island.\n\nKanaga Island is uninhabited and is part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The island is remote and often shrouded by clouds and fog. It can be reached only by boat, helicopter,or amphibiouslanding aircraft.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02397","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Miller, T.P., and Nye, C.J., 2002, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Kanaga Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-397, Report: iv, 34 p.; Plate: 29.00 inches x 21.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02397.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; Plate: 29.00 inches x 21.00 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4175,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0397/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283893,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0397/pdf/of02-397.pdf"},{"id":283894,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0397/pdf/of02-397plate.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Kanaga","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -177.263031,51.361492 ], [ -177.263031,51.655519 ], [ -177.025452,51.655519 ], [ -177.025452,51.361492 ], [ -177.263031,51.361492 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nye, Christopher J.","contributorId":55418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204424,"text":"70204424 - 2002 - Application of landscape models to alternative futures analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T10:30:57","indexId":"70204424","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-31T09:52:37","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"61","title":"Application of landscape models to alternative futures analyses","docAbstract":"Scientists and environmental managers alike are concerned about broadscale changes in land use and landscape pattern and their cumulative impact on environmental and economic end points, such as water quality and quantity, species habitat, productivity, erosion potential, recreational value, and overall ecological health (Rapport et al., 1998). They also are interested in predicting short-and long-term future impacts on ecological goods and services based on current land management policies and decisions (Steinitz, 1996). Because we have the means to adjust land management policies, it is worthwhile to develop approaches that can predict the consequences (alternative futures) of different land management policies for different environmental end points. This type of analysis can, for example, allow decision makers in resource conservation and restoration programs to estimate how they can get the most ecological benefit for the least cost
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing for healthy ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lewis","usgsCitation":"Neale, A., Jones, K.B., Maliha, N., van Remortel, R.D., Wickham, J.D., Riitters, K.H., and O’Neill, R.V., 2002, Application of landscape models to alternative futures analyses, chap. 61 of Managing for healthy ecosystems, p. 577-587.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"587","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Managing-for-Healthy-Ecosystems/Rapport-Lasley-Rolston-Nielsen-Qualset-Damania/p/book/9781566706124"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 37.13404537126446\n ],\n [\n -75.047607421875,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -75.4541015625,\n 39.32579941789298\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 40.16208338164617\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 40.96330795307353\n ],\n [\n -77.7886962890625,\n 41.04207384890103\n ],\n [\n -79.793701171875,\n 41.24890252240322\n ],\n [\n -80.43090820312499,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -81.5570068359375,\n 38.33734763569314\n ],\n [\n -81.5789794921875,\n 37.72293542866175\n ],\n [\n -82.100830078125,\n 36.804886560237236\n ],\n [\n -82.144775390625,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -75.970458984375,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 37.13404537126446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neale, A.C.","contributorId":9419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neale","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, K. Bruce","contributorId":66105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maliha, Nash","contributorId":178110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maliha","given":"Nash","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Remortel, Rick D.","contributorId":58911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Remortel","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36579,"text":"Lockheed Martin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wickham, James D.","contributorId":72278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riitters, Kurt H. 0000-0003-3901-4453","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-4453","contributorId":139788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riitters","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Neill, Robert V.","contributorId":138509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":39951,"text":"wri024211 - 2002 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa Area, northeastern Arizona — 2000–2001, and performance and sensitivity of the 1988 USGS numerical model of the N aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T22:34:18.176628","indexId":"wri024211","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4211","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa Area, northeastern Arizona — 2000–2001, and performance and sensitivity of the 1988 USGS numerical model of the N aquifer","docAbstract":"The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year.
\nThe monitoring program in Black Mesa has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) ground-water chemistry.
\nIn 2000, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,740 acre-feet, industrial use was 4,490 acre-feet, and municipal use was 3,250 acre-feet. From 1999 to 2000, total withdrawals increased by 9 percent, industrial use increased by 7 percent, and municipal use increased by 12 percent.
\nFrom 1999 to 2001, water levels declined in 10 of 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -0.4 foot. Water levels declined in 8 of 16 wells in the confined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -0.2 foot.
\nFrom the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2001, the median water-level change for 33 wells was -17.2 feet. Median water-level changes were -1.2 feet for 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer and -31.0 feet for 18 wells in the confined part.
\nDischarges were measured once in 1999 and once in 2001 at four springs. Discharges decreased by 5 percent and 33 percent at two springs and increased by 3 percent and 81 percent at two springs. For about the past 10 years, discharges did not significantly change in Burro Spring, the unnamed spring near Dennehotso, and Moenkopi School Spring. The record of discharge from a consistent measuring point for Pasture Canyon Spring is too short for statistical analysis of trends.
\nContinuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from July 1976 to 2000 at Moenkopi Wash, July 1996 to 2000 at Laguna Creek, June 1993 to 2000 at Dinnebito Wash, and April 1994 to 2000 at Polacca Wash. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. There is no significant trend in the median winter flows for Moenkopi Wash from 1977 to 2000. The records for the other three streams are too short for a statistical analysis of trends. The median winter flows for Dinnebito Wash and Polacca Wash, however, appear to have decreased during the last 6 years. There is no apparent trend in the median winter flows for Laguna Creek since 1997.
\n
\n
In 2001, water samples were collected from 12 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 102 to 628 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 9 of the wells and from the 4 springs had less than 350 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Water-chemistry data with sufficient years of record for a statistical analysis of trends over time are available from 7 wells and 4 springs. From about the mid-1980s or early 1990s to 2001 there are no significant trends in the concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in water samples from 6 of the 7 wells. The concentration of one tested constituent (dissolved solids) in samples from Rocky Ridge PM3 significantly increased from 1990 to 2001. From the late 1980s to 2001, there are no significant trends in the concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in water samples from Burro Spring, the unnamed spring near Dennehotso, and Pasture Canyon Spring. From 1987 to 2001, concentrations of chloride and sulfate significantly increased in water samples from Moenkopi School Spring and concentrations of dissolved solids did not significantly change.
\nThe performance and sensitivity of the 1988\nUSGS numerical model of the N aquifer were\nanalyzed. The overall performance of the model in\nsteady-state conditions is reasonable for residuals\nof heads (difference between observed and\nsimulated steady-state heads); 80 percent of the\nabsolute values of residuals are less than 38 feet.\nSimulated flows are about 40 percent different\nthan estimated flows at two of three discharge\nareas; however, this comparison is only a rough\napproximation of performance because the\naccuracy of the estimated steady-state flows is\nuncertain.
\nThe overall performance of the model for\ntransient conditions is fair for residuals of changes\nin head (difference between observed and\nsimulated changes in head from steady state to\n1999); 80 percent of the absolute values of\nresiduals are less than 31 feet. The model is biased\nin two areas. In the Tuba City area, simulated\nchanges in head are more negative than observed\nchanges in head; all six residuals are positive, and\nthree residuals are between 75 and 155 feet. In the\nconfined area of the aquifer, observed changes in\nhead are more negative than simulated changes in\nhead; 12 of the 17 residuals are negative, and\n8 residuals are between -57 and -20 feet.
\nAnalysis of model sensitivity indicates that\nrecharge, transmissivity, and storage coefficient\nare the most important parameters for estimating\nheads, changes in heads, and flows. A strong\ncorrelation between recharge and transmissivity\nand a lack of independent and reliable estimates of\nrecharge, transmissivity, and discharge create a\nuniqueness problem in model calibration. Several\nmodels could be constructed and calibrated with\ndifferent values of recharge or transmissivity and\nstill have similar fits to the observed data.\nInformation from recent data and studies and more\nadvanced modeling techniques could be used to\ndevelop a more representative and less uncertain\nmodel. Future data collection and studies should\nfocus on obtaining a better definition of recharge,\ndischarge, transmissivity, and storage coefficient.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri024211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 2002, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa Area, northeastern Arizona — 2000–2001, and performance and sensitivity of the 1988 USGS numerical model of the N aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4211, vii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024211.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394547,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52780.htm"},{"id":288424,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4211/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4167,\n 35.5833\n ],\n [\n -109.5833,\n 35.5833\n ],\n [\n -109.5833,\n 36.8833\n ],\n [\n -111.4167,\n 36.8833\n ],\n [\n -111.4167,\n 35.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649ba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50692,"text":"ofr02370 - 2002 - Digital mapping techniques '02, workshop proceedings : May 19-22, 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-01T09:06:19","indexId":"ofr02370","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-370","title":"Digital mapping techniques '02, workshop proceedings : May 19-22, 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah","docAbstract":"The Digital Mapping Techniques '02 (DMT'02) workshop was attended by 101 technical experts from 43 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 25 state geological surveys (see Appendix A). This workshop was similar in nature to the previous five meetings, held in Lawrence, Kansas (Soller, 1997), in Champaign, Illinois (Soller, 1998a), in Madison, Wisconsin (Soller, 1999), in Lexington, Kentucky (Soller, 2000), and in Tuscaloosa, Alabama (Soller, 2001). This year's meeting was hosted by the Utah Geological Survey, from May 19 to 22, 2002, on the University of Utah campus in Salt Lake City. As in the previous meetings, the objective was to foster informal discussion and exchange of technical information. When an attendee adopts or modifies a newly learned technique on the basis of discussions at the workshop, the workshop clearly has met that objective. Evidence of learning and cooperation among participating agencies continued to be a highlight of the DMT workshops (see example in Soller, 1998b, and various papers in this volume).
All the DMT workshops have been coordinated by the Association of American State Geologists (AASG) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Capture Working Group, which was formed in August 1996 to support the AASG and the USGS in their effort to build a National Geologic Map Database (see Soller and Berg, this volume, and http://ncgmp.usgs.gov/ngmdbproject/standards/datacapt/). The Working Group was formed because increased production efficiencies, standardization, and quality of digital map products were needed for the database--and the State and Federal geological surveys--to provide more high-quality digital maps to the public.
At the 2002 meeting, oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions emphasized (1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, \"publishing\" includes Web-based release); (2) techniques for scanning already published maps and managing and delivering them on the Web; (3) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database; and (4) progress toward building a standard geologic map data model. In addition, special presentations were provided on building a statewide GIS council, incorporating geology as a NSDI Framework layer, and resolving the roles of surveyors and GIS professionals.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '02, workshop proceedings : May 19-22, 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '02, workshop","conferenceDate":"May 19-22, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02370","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 2002, Digital mapping techniques '02, workshop proceedings : May 19-22, 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-370, v, 214 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02370.","productDescription":"v, 214 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-370/dmt_02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":4166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-370/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ac43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69387,"text":"mf2381A - 2002 - Geologic map of the Death Valley ground-water model area, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:14:32","indexId":"mf2381A","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2381","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic map of the Death Valley ground-water model area, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2381A","usgsCitation":"Workman, J.B., Menges, C., Page, W.R., Taylor, E.M., Ekren, E.B., Rowley, P.D., Dixon, G.L., Thompson, R.A., and Wright, L., 2002, Geologic map of the Death Valley ground-water model area, Nevada and California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2381, Two sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2381A.","productDescription":"Two sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110333,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52024.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"52024"},{"id":6330,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2381/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,35 ], [ -118,38.25 ], [ -115,38.25 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -118,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Workman, Jeremiah B. 0000-0001-7816-6420 jworkman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-6420","contributorId":714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workman","given":"Jeremiah","email":"jworkman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menges, Christopher M.","contributorId":20409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menges","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, William R. 0000-0002-0722-9911 rpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-9911","contributorId":1628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"William","email":"rpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":1240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":280293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ekren, E. Bartlett","contributorId":47644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekren","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bartlett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rowley, Peter D.","contributorId":27435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wright, Lauren A.","contributorId":33760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Lauren A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":51076,"text":"ofr02301 - 2002 - An update of Quaternary faults of central and eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:13","indexId":"ofr02301","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-301","title":"An update of Quaternary faults of central and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"This is the online version of a CD-ROM publication. We have updated the eastern portion of our previous active fault map of Oregon (Pezzopane, Nakata, and Weldon, 1992) as a contribution to the larger USGS effort to produce digital maps of active faults in the Pacific Northwest region. The 1992 fault map has seen wide distribution and has been reproduced in essentially all subsequent compilations of active faults of Oregon. The new map provides a substantial update of known active or suspected active faults east of the Cascades. Improvements in the new map include (1) many newly recognized active faults, (2) a linked ArcInfo map and reference database, (3) more precise locations for previously recognized faults on shaded relief quadrangles generated from USGS 30-m digital elevations models (DEM), (4) more uniform coverage resulting in more consistent grouping of the ages of active faults, and (5) a new category of 'possibly' active faults that share characteristics with known active faults, but have not been studied adequately to assess their activity. The distribution of active faults has not changed substantially from the original Pezzopane, Nakata and Weldon map. Most faults occur in the south-central Basin and Range tectonic province that is located in the backarc portion of the Cascadia subduction margin. These faults occur in zones consisting of numerous short faults with similar rates, ages, and styles of movement. Many active faults strongly correlate with the most active volcanic centers of Oregon, including Newberry Craters and Crater Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02301","isbn":"060799679X","usgsCitation":"Weldon, R.J., Fletcher, D., Weldon, E., Scharer, K., and McCrory, P., 2002, An update of Quaternary faults of central and eastern Oregon (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-301, 1 CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02301.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10484,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-301/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weldon, Ray J. II","contributorId":47859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"Ray","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, D.K.","contributorId":100936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weldon, E.M.","contributorId":103350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scharer, K.M.","contributorId":62674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCrory, P.A.","contributorId":96287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}