Analysis of suspended-sediment concentration data in San Francisco Bay is complicated by spatial and temporal variability. In situ optical backscatterance sensors provide continuous suspended-sediment concentration data, but inaccessibility, vandalism, and cost limit the number of potential monitoring stations. Satellite imagery reveals the spatial distribution of surficial-suspended sediment concentrations in the Bay; however, temporal resolution is poor. Analysis of the in situ sensor data in conjunction with the satellite reflectance data shows the effects of physical processes on both the spatial and temporal distribution of suspended sediment in San Francisco Bay. Plumes can be created by large freshwater flows. Zones of high suspended-sediment concentrations in shallow subembayments are associated with wind-wave resuspension and the spring-neap cycle. Filaments of clear and turbid water are caused by different transport processes in deep channels, as opposed to adjacent shallow water.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.2000.0730","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, C., Schoellhamer, D., Stumpf, R.P., and Lindsay, C., 2001, Combined use of remote sensing and continuous monitoring to analyse the variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in San Francisco Bay, California: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 53, no. 6, p. 801-812, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0730.","startPage":"801","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0730"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7dce4b0c8380cd4cd35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, C.A.","contributorId":61208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumpf, R. 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The approaches adopted include measuring rainfall events and pore-pressure responses in both saturated and unsaturated soils at the site. To account for soil variability, the Richards equation is solved within deterministic and stochastic frameworks. The deterministic simulations considered average water-retention data, adjusted retention data to account for stones or cobbles, retention functions for a heterogeneous pore structure, and continuous retention functions for preferential flow. The stochastic simulations applied the Monte Carlo approach which considers statistical distribution and autocorrelation of the saturated conductivity and its cross correlation with the retention function. Although none of the models is capable of accurately predicting field measurements, appreciable improvement in accuracy was attained using stochastic, preferential flow, and heterogeneous pore-structure models. For the current study, continuum-flow models provide reasonable accuracy for practical purposes, although they are expected to be less accurate than multi-domain preferential flow models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s100400100129","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"El-Kadi, A., and Torikai, J., 2001, Identifying variably saturated water-flow patterns in a steep hillslope under intermittent heavy rainfall: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 9, no. 3, p. 231-242, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400100129.","startPage":"231","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208162,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400100129"},{"id":233674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a385de4b0c8380cd61545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"El-Kadi, A. 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This research represents some of the earliest data on the occurrence of cyanazine degradates in groundwater. Although cyanazine was infrequently detected in the 64 wells across Iowa sampled in 1999, cyanazine degradates were commonly found during this study. The most frequently detected cyanazine compound was DCAC (32.8%) followed by CAC (29.7%), CAM (17.2%), DEC (3.1%), and cyanazine (3.1%). The frequency of detection for cyanazine or one or more of its degradates (CYTOT) was more than 12-fold over that of cyanazine alone (39.1% for CYTOT versus 3.1% for cyanazine). Of the total measured concentration of cyanazine, only 0.2% was derived from its parent compound - with DCAC (74.1%) and CAC (18.4%) comprising 92.5% of this total. Thus, although DCAC and CAC had similar frequencies of detection, DCAC was generally present in higher concentrations. No concentrations of cyanazine compounds for this study exceeded water-quality criteria for the protection of human health. Only cyanazine, however, has such a criteria established. Nevertheless, because these cyanazine degradates are still chlorinated, they may have similar toxicity as their parent compound - similar to what has been found with the chlorinated degradates of atrazine. Thus, the results of this study documented that data on the degradates for cyanazine are critical for understanding its fate and transport in the hydrologic system. Furthermore, the prevalence of the chlorinated degradates of cyanazine found in groundwater suggests that to accurately determine the overall effect on human health and the environment from cyanazine its degradates should also be considered. In addition, because CYTOT was found in 57.6% of the samples collected from alluvial aquifers, about 2-5 times more frequently than the other major aquifer types (glacial drift, bedrock/karst, bedrock/nonkarst) under investigation, this finding has long-term implications for the occurrence of CYTOT in streams. It is anticipated that low-level concentrations of CYTOT will continue to be detected in streams for years after the use of cyanazine has terminated (scheduled for the year 2000 in the United States), primarily through its movement from groundwater into streams during base-flow conditions.
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\"}}]}","volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6be3e4b0c8380cd7493b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linhart, S. M.","contributorId":102517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linhart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023576,"text":"70023576 - 2001 - Historical trace metal accumulation in the sediments of an urbanized region of the Lake Champlain watershed, Burlington, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T14:20:43","indexId":"70023576","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trace metal accumulation in the sediments of an urbanized region of the Lake Champlain watershed, Burlington, Vermont","docAbstract":"This study documents the history of pollution inputs in the Burlington region of Lake Champlain, Vermont using measurements of anthropogenic metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ag) in four age-dated sediment cores. Sediments record a history of contamination in a region and can be used to assess the changing threat to biota over time and to evaluate the effectiveness of discharge regulations on anthropogenic inputs. Grain size, magnetic susceptibility, radiometric dating and pollen stratigraphy were combined with trace metal data to provide an assessment of the history of contamination over the last 350 yr in the Burlington region of Lake Champlain. Magnetic susceptibility was initially used to identify land-use history for each site because it is a proxy indicator of soil erosion. Historical trends in metal inputs in the Burlington region from the seventeenth through the twentieth centuries are reflected in downcore variations in metal concentrations and accumulation rates. Metal concentrations increase above background values in the early to mid nineteenth century. The metal input rate to the sediments increases around 1920 and maximum concentrations and accumulation rates are observed in the late 1960s. Decreases in concentration and accumulation rate between 1970 and the present are observed, for most metals. The observed trends are primarily a function of variations in anthropogenic inputs and not variations in sediment grain size. Grain size data were used to remove texture variations from the metal profiles and results show trends in the anthropogenic metal signals remain. Radiometric dating and pollen stratigraphy provide well-constrained dates for the sediments thereby allowing the metal profiles to be interpreted in terms of land-use history.This study documents the history of pollution inputs in the Burlington region of Lake Champlain, Vermont using measurements of anthropogenic metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ag) in four age-dated sediment cores. Sediments record a history of contamination in a region and can be used to assess the changing threat to biota over time and to evaluate the effectiveness of discharge regulations on anthropogenic inputs. Grain size, magnetic susceptibility, radiometric dating and pollen stratigraphy were combined with trace metal data to provide an assessment of the history of contamination over the last 350 yr in the Burlington region of Lake Champlain. Magnetic susceptibility was initially used to identify land-use history for each site because it is a proxy indicator of soil erosion. Historical trends in metal inputs in the Burlington region from the seventeenth through the twentieth centuries are reflected in downcore variations in metal concentrations and accumulation rates. Metal concentrations increase above background values in the early to mid nineteenth century. The metal input rate to the sediments increases around 1920 and maximum concentrations and accumulation rates are observed in the late 1960s. Decreases in concentration and accumulation rate between 1970 and the present are observed for most metals. The observed trends are primarily a function of variations in anthropogenic inputs and not variations in sediment grain size. Grain size data were used to remove texture variations from the metal profiles and results show trends in the anthropogenic metal signals remain. Radiometric dating and pollen stratigraphy provide well-constrained dates for the sediments thereby allowing the metal profiles to be interpreted in terms of land-use history.","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1005224425075","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Mecray, E., King, J., Appleby, P., and Hunt, A., 2001, Historical trace metal accumulation in the sediments of an urbanized region of the Lake Champlain watershed, Burlington, Vermont: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 125, no. 1, p. 201-230, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005224425075.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1741","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.51776123046875,\n 43.96514454266273\n ],\n [\n -73.07830810546875,\n 43.96514454266273\n ],\n [\n -73.07830810546875,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -73.51776123046875,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -73.51776123046875,\n 43.96514454266273\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"125","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31a2e4b0c8380cd5e0ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mecray, E.L.","contributorId":14840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, J.W.","contributorId":19265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Appleby, P.G.","contributorId":23254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appleby","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, A.S.","contributorId":72976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023572,"text":"70023572 - 2001 - Eruptive stratigraphy of the Tatara-San Pedro complex, 36°S, sourthern volcanic zone, Chilean Andes: Reconstruction method and implications for magma evolution at long-lived arc volcanic centers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T19:34:43.999113","indexId":"70023572","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruptive stratigraphy of the Tatara-San Pedro complex, 36°S, sourthern volcanic zone, Chilean Andes: Reconstruction method and implications for magma evolution at long-lived arc volcanic centers","docAbstract":"The Quaternary Tatara–San Pedro volcanic complex (36°S, Chilean Andes) comprises eight or more unconformity-bound volcanic sequences, representing variably preserved erosional remnants of volcanic centers generated during ∼930 ky of activity. The internal eruptive histories of several dominantly mafic to intermediate sequences have been reconstructed, on the basis of correlations of whole-rock major and trace element chemistry of flows between multiple sampled sections, but with critical contributions from photogrammetric, geochronologic, and paleomagnetic data. Many groups of flows representing discrete eruptive events define internal variation trends that reflect extrusion of heterogeneous or rapidly evolving magma batches from conduit–reservoir systems in which open-system processes typically played a large role. Long-term progressive evolution trends are extremely rare and the magma compositions of successive eruptive events rarely lie on precisely the same differentiation trend, even where they have evolved from similar parent magmas by similar processes. These observations are not consistent with magma differentiation in large long-lived reservoirs, but they may be accommodated by diverse interactions between newly arrived magma inputs and multiple resident pockets of evolved magma and/or crystal mush residing in conduit-dominated subvolcanic reservoirs. Without constraints provided by the reconstructed stratigraphic relations, the framework for petrologic modeling would be far different. A well-established eruptive stratigraphy may provide independent constraints on the petrologic processes involved in magma evolution—simply on the basis of the specific order in which diverse, broadly cogenetic magmas have been erupted. The Tatara–San Pedro complex includes lavas ranging from primitive basalt to high-SiO2 rhyolite, and although the dominant erupted magma type was basaltic andesite (∼52–55 wt % SiO2) each sequence is characterized by unique proportions of mafic, intermediate, and silicic eruptive products. Intermediate lava compositions also record different evolution paths, both within and between sequences. No systematic long-term pattern is evident from comparisons at the level of sequences. The considerable diversity of mafic and evolved magmas of the Tatara–San Pedro complex bears on interpretations of regional geochemical trends. The variable role of open-system processes in shaping the compositions of evolved Tatara–San Pedro complex magmas, and even some basaltic magmas, leads to the conclusion that addressing problems such as arc magma genesis and elemental fluxes through subduction zones on the basis of averaged or regressed reconnaissance geochemical datasets is a tenuous exercise. Such compositional indices are highly instructive for identifying broad regional trends and first-order problems, but they should be used with extreme caution in attempts to quantify processes and magma sources, including crustal components, implicated in these trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/42.3.555","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Dungan, M., Wulff, A., and Thompson, R., 2001, Eruptive stratigraphy of the Tatara-San Pedro complex, 36°S, sourthern volcanic zone, Chilean Andes: Reconstruction method and implications for magma evolution at long-lived arc volcanic centers: Journal of Petrology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 555-626, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.3.555.","productDescription":"72 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"626","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Andes Mountains, Tatara-San Pedro Volcanic Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.22932453832438,\n -32.53514728524265\n ],\n [\n -74.22932453832438,\n -37.51540860294333\n ],\n [\n -68.79863955586832,\n -37.51540860294333\n ],\n [\n -68.79863955586832,\n -32.53514728524265\n ],\n [\n -74.22932453832438,\n -32.53514728524265\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a59e4b0c8380cd522fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dungan, M.A.","contributorId":36304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dungan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wulff, A.","contributorId":96452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulff","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, R.","contributorId":103444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023560,"text":"70023560 - 2001 - User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023560","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension","docAbstract":"Numerical simulation for ground-water modeling often involves handling large input and output data sets. A geographic information system (GIS) provides an integrated platform to manage, analyze, and display disparate data and can greatly facilitate modeling efforts in data compilation, model calibration, and display of model parameters and results. Furthermore, GIS can be used to generate information for decision making through spatial overlay and processing of model results. Arc View is the most widely used Windows-based GIS software that provides a robust user-friendly interface to facilitate data handling and display. An extension is an add-on program to Arc View that provides additional specialized functions. An Arc View interface for the ground-water flow and transport models MODFLOW and MT3D was built as an extension for facilitating modeling. The extension includes preprocessing of spatially distributed (point, line, and polygon) data for model input and postprocessing of model output. An object database is used for linking user dialogs and model input files. The Arc View interface utilizes the capabilities of the 3D Analyst extension. Models can be automatically calibrated through the Arc View interface by external linking to such programs as PEST. The efficient pre- and postprocessing capabilities and calibration link were demonstrated for ground-water modeling in southwest Kansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Tsou, M., and Whittemore, D.O., 2001, User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 6, no. 3, p. 251-257, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251).","startPage":"251","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251)"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfc5e4b08c986b329d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsou, Ming-shu","contributorId":20507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsou","given":"Ming-shu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023559,"text":"70023559 - 2001 - Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023559","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis","docAbstract":"A mixed population of flood flows was shown to cause quality-of-fit problems if a single-population flood-frequency distribution was used to describe the flood data. The three populations in this mix were \"ordinary,\" tropical cyclone, and ice-jam-release floods. Parametric descriptions of the single and separated flood populations were evaluated using probability-plot correlation-coefficient tests. These tests quantified how well the flood-probability distributions agreed with plotting-position descriptions of the data and quantified the differences due to the mixed-population analysis. High outliers caused the high skewness found in the single- population analyses. The tropical cyclone component was underestimated by single-population analyses at gauging stations in Massachusetts that had little data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Murphy, P., 2001, Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 6, no. 1, p. 62-70, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62).","startPage":"62","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207302,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62)"},{"id":232138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c9be4b0c8380cd52c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, P.J.","contributorId":91903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023547,"text":"70023547 - 2001 - Natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leachate plume of a municipal landfill: Using alkylbenzenes as process probes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:01:47","indexId":"70023547","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leachate plume of a municipal landfill: Using alkylbenzenes as process probes","docAbstract":"More than 70 individual VOCs were identified in the leachate plume of a closed municipal landfill. Concentrations were low when compared with data published for other landfills, and total VOCs accounted for less than 0.1% of the total dissolved organic carbon. The VOC concentrations in the core of the anoxic leachate plume are variable, but in all cases they were found to be near or below detection limits within 200 m of the landfall. In contrast to the VOCs, the distributions of chloride ion, a conservative tracer, and nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon, indicate little dilution over the same distance. Thus, natural attentuation processes are effectively limiting migration of the VOC plume. The distribution of C2-3-benzenes, paired on the basis of their octanol-water partition coefficients and Henry's law constants, were systematically evaluated to assess the relative importance of volatilization, sorption, and biodegradation as attenuation mechanisms. Based on our data, biodegradation appears to be the process primarily responsible for the observed attenuation of VOCs at this site. We believe that the alkylbenzenes are powerful process probes that can and should be exploited in studies of natural attenuation in contaminated ground water systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02300.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., Cozzarelli, I.M., Scholl, M.A., and Matthews, L., 2001, Natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leachate plume of a municipal landfill: Using alkylbenzenes as process probes: Groundwater, v. 39, no. 2, p. 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02300.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62e1e4b0c8380cd72177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matthews, L.L.","contributorId":81278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthews","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023546,"text":"70023546 - 2001 - A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques and their effect on sensitivity analysis and inverse modeling results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:21:48.913436","indexId":"70023546","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques and their effect on sensitivity analysis and inverse modeling results","docAbstract":"Five common numerical techniques for solving the advection-dispersion equation (finite difference, predictor corrector, total variation diminishing, method of characteristics, and modified method of characteristics) were tested using simulations of a controlled conservative tracer-test experiment through a heterogeneous, two-dimensional sand tank. The experimental facility was constructed using discrete, randomly distributed, homogeneous blocks of five sand types. This experimental model provides an opportunity to compare the solution techniques: the heterogeneous hydraulic-conductivity distribution of known structure can be accurately represented by a numerical model, and detailed measurements can be compared with simulated concentrations and total flow through the tank. The present work uses this opportunity to investigate how three common types of results - simulated breakthrough curves, sensitivity analysis, and calibrated parameter values - change in this heterogeneous situation given the different methods of simulating solute transport. The breakthrough curves show that simulated peak concentrations, even at very fine grid spacings, varied between the techniques because of different amounts of numerical dispersion. Sensitivity-analysis results revealed: (1) a high correlation between hydraulic conductivity and porosity given the concentration and flow observations used, so that both could not be estimated; and (2) that the breakthrough curve data did not provide enough information to estimate individual values of dispersivity for the five sands. This study demonstrates that the choice of assigned dispersivity and the amount of numerical dispersion present in the solution technique influence estimated hydraulic conductivity values to a surprising degree.","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02312.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., and Hill, M.C., 2001, A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques and their effect on sensitivity analysis and inverse modeling results: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 2, p. 300-307, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02312.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"307","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e375e4b0c8380cd46033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023540,"text":"70023540 - 2001 - Seabed observation & sampling system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:19:25","indexId":"70023540","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabed observation & sampling system","docAbstract":"SEABOSS has proved to be a valuable addition to the USGS data-acquisition and processing field program. It has allowed researchers to collect high-quality images and seabed samples in a timely manner. It is a simple, dependable and trouble-free system with a track record of over 3,000 deployments. When used as part of the USGS seafloor mapping acquisition, processing, and ground-truth program, SEABOSS has been invaluable in providing information quickly and efficiently, with a minimum of downtime. SEABOSS enables scientists to collect high-quality images and samples of the seabed, essential to the study of sedimentary environments and biological habitats and to the interpretation of side-scan sonar and multibeam imagery, the most common tools for mapping the seabed.","language":"English","issn":"00933651","usgsCitation":"Blackwood, D., and Parolski, K., 2001, Seabed observation & sampling system: Sea Technology, v. 42, no. 2, p. 39-43.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8822e4b08c986b3167f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwood, D.","contributorId":39853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parolski, K.","contributorId":13010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parolski","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023537,"text":"70023537 - 2001 - Identifying unprotected and potentially at risk plant communities in the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T10:33:09","indexId":"70023537","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying unprotected and potentially at risk plant communities in the western USA","docAbstract":"We analyzed the conservation status of 73 vegetation cover types distributed across a 1.76 million km2 region in 10 states of the western USA. We found that 25 vegetation cover types had at least 10% of their area in nature reserves. These were generally plant communities located at higher elevations and thus more commonly associated with national parks and wilderness areas. All but three of the remaining 48 cover types occurred with sufficient area on publicly owned lands in the region to imply that transforming land management intent on these lands could also increase their protection. We also analyzed the level of protection afforded each cover type across its entire geographic distribution in the region. Most cover types that were at least minimally protected in total across the region were also at least minimally protected in most areas of their occurrence. Our results show that there is a realistic opportunity to design a system of biodiversity reserves in this region that represent the full range of environmental conditions in which the various plant communities occur. Conducting this type of broad-scale analysis is a necessary first step in that process and provides a database for others to work from.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00146-4","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Wright, R., Scott, J.M., Mann, S., and Murray, M., 2001, Identifying unprotected and potentially at risk plant communities in the western USA: Biological Conservation, v. 98, no. 1, p. 97-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00146-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a385ce4b0c8380cd61542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mann, S.","contributorId":69713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, M.","contributorId":89960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023532,"text":"70023532 - 2001 - Price current-meter standard rating development by the U.S. geological survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023532","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Price current-meter standard rating development by the U.S. geological survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has developed new standard rating tables for use with Price type AA and pygmy current meters, which are employed to measure streamflow velocity. Current-meter calibration data, consisting of the rates of rotation of meters at several different constant water velocities, have shown that the original rating tables are no longer representative of the average responsiveness of newly purchased meters or meters in the field. The new rating tables are based on linear regression equations that are weighted to reflect the population mix of current meters in the field and weighted inversely to the variability of the data at each calibration velocity. For calibration velocities of 0.3 m/s and faster, at which most streamflow measurements are made, the new AA-rating predicts the true velocities within 1.5% and the new pygmy-meter rating within 2.0% for more than 95% of the meters. At calibration velocities, the new AA-meter rating is up to 1.4% different from the original rating, and the new pygmy-meter rating is up to 1.6% different.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:4(250)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, E., Schwarz, G., Thibodeaux, K., and Turcios, L., 2001, Price current-meter standard rating development by the U.S. geological survey: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 127, no. 4, p. 250-257, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:4(250).","startPage":"250","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:4(250)"},{"id":232371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b89e4b0c8380cd7e293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, E. F.","contributorId":66666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thibodeaux, K.G.","contributorId":16440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thibodeaux","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turcios, L.M.","contributorId":6477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turcios","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023526,"text":"70023526 - 2001 - Contribution of base flow to nonpoint source pollution loads in an agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:14:35.127235","indexId":"70023526","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of base flow to nonpoint source pollution loads in an agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"Nonpoint source pollution of surface water from overland flow, drainage tiles, and ground water discharge is a major cause of water quality impairment in Iowa. Nonpoint source pollution from base flow ground water was estimated in the Walnut Creek watershed by measuring chemical loads of atrazine, nitrate, chloride, and sulfate at 18 tributary creeks and 19 tiles. Loads were measured during a stable base flow period at creeks and tiles that discharged into Walnut Creek between two stream gauges. Chemical concentrations of atrazine (< 0.1−12 μg/L), nitrate (0.1 to 15 mg/L, and chloride (1.5 to 26 mg/L) in water were similar for creek and tile samples. Water draining predominantly agricultural row crop areas had much higher concentrations than water draining restored prairie areas. Three methods were used to estimate base flow discharge in the watershed: (1) Darcy flux; (2) watershed discharge budget; and (3) discharge-drainage area; each yielded similar results (31.2 L/s to 62.3 L/s). Base flow loads to the main channel were estimated by subtracting the loads from the upstream gauge; creeks and tiles, from the total load measured at the downstream gauge station. Base flow concentration for atrazine ranged from 0.15 to 0.29 μg/L and sulfate concentration ranged from 32 to 64 mg/L, whereas concentrations for nitrate and chloride were negative (−1 to −4 mg/L). Calculated base flow concentrations of atrazine and sulfate appeared to be reasonable estimates, but negative concentrations of nitrate and chloride imply either loss of chemical mass in the stream from upstream to downstream sampling points or measurement error. Load data suggest little contribution from base flow pollutants to Walnut Creek water quality, with most of the pollutant load derived from major tributary creeks. Results from this study have implication for determining total maximum daily loads in agricultural watersheds where contributions from point sources (creeks and tiles) can be used to estimate loads from nonpoint source ground water inputs.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Westerville, OH, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb00350.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Wolter, C., 2001, Contribution of base flow to nonpoint source pollution loads in an agricultural watershed: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 1, p. 49-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb00350.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Walnut Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.00245666503906,\n 41.534796133205184\n ],\n [\n -93.58428955078125,\n 41.534796133205184\n ],\n [\n -93.58428955078125,\n 41.70521588311188\n ],\n [\n -94.00245666503906,\n 41.70521588311188\n ],\n [\n -94.00245666503906,\n 41.534796133205184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa81e4b0c8380cd4db2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolter, C.F.","contributorId":23301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolter","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023518,"text":"70023518 - 2001 - A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T16:30:10.25075","indexId":"70023518","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography","docAbstract":"The geologic structure of the Earth's upper crust can be revealed by modeling variation in seismic arrival times and in potential field measurements. We demonstrate a simple method for sequentially satisfying seismic traveltime and observed gravity residuals in an iterative 3-D inversion. The algorithm is portable to any seismic analysis method that uses a gridded representation of velocity structure. Our technique calculates the gravity anomaly resulting from a velocity model by converting to density with Gardner's rule. The residual between calculated and observed gravity is minimized by weighted adjustments to the model velocity-depth gradient where the gradient is steepest and where seismic coverage is least. The adjustments are scaled by the sign and magnitude of the gravity residuals, and a smoothing step is performed to minimize vertical streaking. The adjusted model is then used as a starting model in the next seismic traveltime iteration. The process is repeated until one velocity model can simultaneously satisfy both the gravity anomaly and seismic traveltime observations within acceptable misfits. We test our algorithm with data gathered in the Puget Lowland of Washington state, USA (Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound [SHIPS] experiment). We perform resolution tests with synthetic traveltime and gravity observations calculated with a checkerboard velocity model using the SHIPS experiment geometry, and show that the addition of gravity significantly enhances resolution. We calculate a new velocity model for the region using SHIPS traveltimes and observed gravity, and show examples where correlation between surface geology and modeled subsurface velocity structure is enhanced.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206810109465061","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Blakely, R., and Brocher, T., 2001, A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography: International Geology Review, v. 43, no. 12, p. 1073-1086, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465061.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1086","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.68408203124999,\n 46.924007100770275\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 46.924007100770275\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 48.23199134320962\n ],\n [\n -123.68408203124999,\n 48.23199134320962\n ],\n [\n -123.68408203124999,\n 46.924007100770275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58ae4b0c8380cd46de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023517,"text":"70023517 - 2001 - A comparison of U.S. geological survey seamless elevation models with shuttle radar topography mission data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T13:19:32.521773","indexId":"70023517","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A comparison of U.S. geological survey seamless elevation models with shuttle radar topography mission data","docAbstract":"Elevation models produced from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data will be the most comprehensive, consistently processed, highest resolution topographic dataset ever produced for the Earth's land surface. Many applications that currently use elevation data will benefit from the increased availability of data with higher accuracy, quality, and resolution, especially in poorly mapped areas of the globe. SRTM data will be produced as seamless data, thereby avoiding many of the problems inherent in existing multi-source topographic databases. Serving as precursors to SRTM datasets, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has produced and is distributing seamless elevation datasets that facilitate scientific use of elevation data over large areas. GTOPO30 is a global elevation model with a 30 arc-second resolution (approximately 1-kilometer). The National Elevation Dataset (NED) covers the United States at a resolution of 1 arc-second (approximately 30-meters). Due to their seamless format and broad area coverage, both GTOPO30 and NED represent an advance in the usability of elevation data, but each still includes artifacts from the highly variable source data used to produce them. The consistent source data and processing approach for SRTM data will result in elevation products that will be a significant addition to the current availability of seamless datasets, specifically for many areas outside the U.S. One application that demonstrates some advantages that may be realized with SRTM data is delineation of land surface drainage features (watersheds and stream channels). Seamless distribution of elevation data in which a user interactively specifies the area of interest and order parameters via a map server is already being successfully demonstrated with existing USGS datasets. Such an approach for distributing SRTM data is ideal for a dataset that undoubtedly will be of very high interest to the spatial data user community.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2001)","conferenceDate":"Jul 9-13, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, NSW, Australia","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D., Williams, J., and Miller, W., 2001, A comparison of U.S. geological survey seamless elevation models with shuttle radar topography mission data, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 2, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Jul 9-13, 2001, p. 754-756.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"754","endPage":"756","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e354e4b0c8380cd45f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, D. 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":98500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.","contributorId":76270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, W.","contributorId":93184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023516,"text":"70023516 - 2001 - Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:30:36","indexId":"70023516","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier","docAbstract":"Many published studies have used visual comparison of the timing of peak breakthrough of colloids versus conservative dissolved tracers (hereafter referred to as dissolved tracers or tracers) in subsurface media to determine whether they are advected differently, and to elucidate the mechanisms of differential advection. This purely visual approach of determining differential advection may have artifacts, however, due to the attachment of colloids to subsurface media. The attachment of colloids to subsurface media may shift the colloidal peak breakthrough to earlier times, causing an apparent \"faster\" peak breakthrough of colloids relative to dissolve tracers even though the transport velocities for the colloids and the dissolved tracers may actually be equivalent. In this paper, a peak shift analysis was presented to illustrate the artifacts associated with the purely visual approach in determining differential advection, and to quantify the peak shift due to colloid attachment. This peak shift analysis was described within the context of microsphere and bromide transport within a zero-valent iron (ZVI) permeable reactive barrier (PRB) located in Fry Canyon, Utah. Application of the peak shift analysis to the field microsphere and bromide breakthrough data indicated that differential advection of the microspheres relative to the bromide occurred in the monitoring wells closest to the injection well in the PRB. It was hypothesized that the physical heterogeneity at the grain scale, presumably arising from differences in inter- versus intra-particle porosity, contributed to the differential advection of the microspheres versus the bromide in the PRB. The relative breakthrough (RB) of microspheres at different wells was inversely related to the ionic strength of ground water at these wells, in agreement with numerous studies showing that colloid attachment is directly related to solution ionic strength.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02471.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Zhang, P., Johnson, W., Piana, M., Fuller, C.C., and Naftz, D.L., 2001, Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 6, p. 831-840, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02471.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"840","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ebde4b0c8380cd7a703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, P.","contributorId":92822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.P.","contributorId":43315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piana, M.J.","contributorId":22940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piana","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023510,"text":"70023510 - 2001 - Kullback-Leibler information in resolving natural resource conflicts when definitive data exist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023510","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kullback-Leibler information in resolving natural resource conflicts when definitive data exist","docAbstract":"Conflicts often arise in the management of natural resources. Often they result from differing perceptions, varying interpretations of the law, and self-interests among stakeholder groups (for example, the values and perceptions about spotted owls and forest management differ markedly among environmental groups, government regulatory agencies, and timber industries). We extend the conceptual approach to conflict resolution of Anderson et al. (1999) by using information-theoretic methods to provide quantitative evidence for differing stakeholder positions. Importantly, we assume that relevant empirical data exist that are central to the potential resolution of the conflict. We present a hypothetical example involving an experiment to assess potential effects of a chemical on monthly survival probabilities of the hen clam (Spisula solidissima). The conflict centers on 3 stakeholder positions: 1) no effect, 2) an acute effect, and 3) an acute and chronic effect of the chemical treatment. Such data were given to 18 analytical teams to make independent analyses and provide the relative evidence for each of 3 stakeholder positions in the conflict. The empirical evidence strongly supports only one of the 3 positions in the conflict: the application of the chemical causes acute and chronic effects on monthly survival, following treatment. Formal inference from all the stakeholder positions is provided for the 2 key parameters underlying the hen clam controversy. The estimates of these parameters were essentially unbiased (the relative bias for the control and treatment group's survival probability was -0.857% and 1.400%, respectively) and precise (coefficients of variation were 0.576% and 2.761%, respectively). The advantages of making formal inference from all the models, rather than drawing conclusions from only the estimated best model, is illustrated. Finally, we contrast information-theoretic and Bayesian approaches in terms of how positions in the controversy enter the formal analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., Burnham, K., and White, G.C., 2001, Kullback-Leibler information in resolving natural resource conflicts when definitive data exist: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1260-1270.","startPage":"1260","endPage":"1270","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40cde4b0c8380cd65053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023508,"text":"70023508 - 2001 - Design and performance of a rugged standard operative temperature thermometer for avian studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023508","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2476,"text":"Journal of Thermal Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design and performance of a rugged standard operative temperature thermometer for avian studies","docAbstract":"The lack of a truly satisfactory sensor which can characterize the thermal environment at the spatial scale experienced by small endotherms has hindered study of their thermoregulatory behavior. We describe a general design for a rugged, easily constructed sensor to measure standard operative temperature, Tes. We present specific designs for adult dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) and hatchling mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Sensor response was stable and repeatable (??1.4%) over the course of several months. Over the range of conditions for which validation data were available (variable air temperature and wind with negligible net radiation), sensors predicted the mean net heat production of live animals to within ??0.023W (equivalent to ??1??C at Tes= 15??C). The main limit on accuracy was scatter in the data on metabolism and evaporative water loss in live animals. These sensors are far more rugged and easily constructed than the heated taxidermic mounts previously used to measure Tes. These characteristics facilitate the use of significant numbers of sensors in thermal mapping studies of endotherms. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Thermal Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0306-4565(01)00006-7","issn":"03064565","usgsCitation":"Bakken, G., Boysen, A., Korschgen, C.E., Kenow, K., and Lima, S., 2001, Design and performance of a rugged standard operative temperature thermometer for avian studies: Journal of Thermal Biology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 595-604, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4565(01)00006-7.","startPage":"595","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207584,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4565(01)00006-7"},{"id":232652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff39e4b0c8380cd4f0a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakken, G.S.","contributorId":96629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakken","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boysen, A.F.","contributorId":99507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boysen","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lima, S.L.","contributorId":88125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lima","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023503,"text":"70023503 - 2001 - Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:35:44.990133","indexId":"70023503","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The geologic framework and surficial morphology of the shoreface and inner continental shelf off the Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, barrier island were mapped using high-resolution sidescan-sonar, bathymetric, and seismic-reflection surveying techniques, a suite of over 200 diver vibracores, and extensive seafloor observations by divers. The inner shelf is a sediment-starved, active surface of marine erosion; modern sediments, where present, form a patchy veneer over Tertiary and Quaternary units. The lithology of the underlying units exerts a primary control on the distribution, texture, and composition of surficial sediments, as well as inner-shelf bathymetry.
The shoreface is dominated by a linear, cross-shore morphology of rippled scour depressions (RSDs) extending from just seaward of the surf zone onto the inner shelf. On the upper shoreface, the RSDs are incised up to 1 m below surrounding areas of fine sand, and have an asymmetric cross section that is steeper-sided to the north. On the inner shelf, the RSDs have a similar but more subdued cross-sectional profile. The depressions are floored primarily by shell hash and quartz gravel. Vibracore data show a thick (up to 1.5 m) sequence of RSD sediments that unconformably overlies ancient coastal lithosomes. In this sediment-starved inner shelf setting, rippled scour depressions probably form initially on preexisting coarse-sediment substrates such as modern lag deposits of paleofluvial channel lithosomes or ancient tidal inlet thalwegs. Interannual observations of seafloor morphologic change and the longer-term record contained in vibracores suggest that the present seafloor morphology is either relatively stable or represents a recurring, preferential morphologic state to which the seafloor returns after storm-induced perturbations. The apparent stability is interpreted to be the result of interactions at several scales that contribute to a repeating, self-reinforcing pattern of forcing and sedimentary response which ultimately causes the RSDs to be maintained as sediment-starved bedforms responding to both along-shore and across-shore flows.
Sediment accumulation from over 30 years of extensive beach nourishment at Wrightsville Beach appears to have exceeded the local shoreface accommodation space, resulting in the \"leaking\" of beach and shoreface sediment to the inner shelf. A macroscopically identifiable beach nourishment sediment on the shoreface and inner shelf was used to identify the decadal-scale pattern of sediment dispersal. The nourishment sediment is present in a seaward-thinning wedge that extends from the beach over a kilometer onto the inner shelf to waters depths of 14 m. This wedge is best developed offshore of the shoreline segment that has received the greatest volume of beach nourishment.
","largerWorkTitle":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1306/032101710958","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Thieler, R., Pilkey, O., Cleary, W., and Schwab, W.C., 2001, Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 71, no. 6, p. 958-970, https://doi.org/10.1306/032101710958.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"958","endPage":"970","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Wrightsville Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.81562203476128,\n 34.18743466787062\n ],\n [\n -77.81493538925368,\n 34.18388461948598\n ],\n [\n -77.80858391830607,\n 34.18629866864269\n ],\n [\n -77.80463570663616,\n 34.19254647506095\n ],\n [\n -77.79931420395098,\n 34.19921975702705\n ],\n [\n -77.7915894419882,\n 34.2084478936936\n ],\n [\n -77.78077477524015,\n 34.22491405796035\n ],\n [\n -77.76893014023032,\n 34.23910644406463\n ],\n [\n -77.76961678573794,\n 34.24237035450281\n ],\n [\n -77.77236336776905,\n 34.24336369342993\n ],\n [\n -77.78352135727124,\n 34.2288881671807\n ],\n [\n -77.79141778061111,\n 34.2171072260782\n ],\n [\n -77.79450768539637,\n 34.21597162662759\n ],\n [\n -77.79485100814986,\n 34.21157103419219\n ],\n [\n -77.80446404525973,\n 34.19879381863886\n ],\n [\n -77.81562203476128,\n 34.18743466787062\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca0e4b0c8380cd6fe30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieler, R.E.","contributorId":59988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilkey, O.H. Jr.","contributorId":20931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkey","given":"O.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleary, W.J.","contributorId":65254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleary","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023498,"text":"70023498 - 2001 - The effects of timber harvesting on the structure and composition of adjacent old-growth coast redwood forest, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023498","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of timber harvesting on the structure and composition of adjacent old-growth coast redwood forest, California, USA","docAbstract":"Data collected across timber harvest boundaries on nine sites within the Redwood National and State Park management area in California, USA, were used to estimate the effective size of old-growth coast redwood preserves. Fourteen variables related to stand structure and composition, wildlife habitat, and physical environment were significantly correlated to distance from the timber harvest boundary using multiple regression analysis. A maximum depth of edge influence of 200 m was determined for variables exhibiting a significant correlation to the distance from the harvest edge. A spatial analysis using ArcView indicated that 53% of the old growth preserved within the study area was influenced by edge conditions, leaving 47% as effective old-growth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1014486030462","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Russell, W.H., and Jones, C., 2001, The effects of timber harvesting on the structure and composition of adjacent old-growth coast redwood forest, California, USA: Landscape Ecology, v. 16, no. 8, p. 731-741, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014486030462.","startPage":"731","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014486030462"}],"volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baba2e4b08c986b322f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, William H.","contributorId":77328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, C.","contributorId":42914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023495,"text":"70023495 - 2001 - Interoperability and information discovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T19:28:00.873662","indexId":"70023495","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2864,"text":"New Review of Information Networking","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interoperability and information discovery","docAbstract":"In the context of information systems, there is interoperability when the distinctions between separate information systems are not a barrier to accomplishing a task that spans those systems. Interoperability so defined implies that there are commonalities among the systems involved and that one can exploit such commonalities to achieve interoperability. The challenge of a particular interoperability task is to identify relevant commonalities among the systems involved and to devise mechanisms that exploit those commonalities.
The present paper focuses on the particular interoperability task of information discovery. The Global Information Locator Service (GILS) is described as a policy, standards, and technology framework for addressing interoperable information discovery on a global and long‐term basis. While there are many mechanisms for people to discover and use all manner of data and information resources, GILS initiatives exploit certain key commonalities that seem to be sufficient to realize useful information discovery interoperability at a global, long‐term scale.
This paper describes ten of the specific commonalities that are key to GILS initiatives. It presents some of the practical implications for organizations in various roles: content provider, system engineer, intermediary, and searcher. The paper also provides examples of interoperable information discovery as deployed using GILS in four types of information communities: bibliographic, geographic, environmental, and government.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/13614570109516966","issn":"13614576","usgsCitation":"Christian, E., 2001, Interoperability and information discovery: New Review of Information Networking, v. 7, p. 5-26, https://doi.org/10.1080/13614570109516966.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d4ee4b0c8380cd63478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christian, E.","contributorId":99318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023483,"text":"70023483 - 2001 - Effects of urbanization on streamflow in the Atlanta area (Georgia, USA): A comparative hydrological approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023483","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urbanization on streamflow in the Atlanta area (Georgia, USA): A comparative hydrological approach","docAbstract":"For the period from 1958 to 1996, streamflow characteristics of a highly urbanized watershed were compared with less-urbanized and non-urbanized watersheds within a 20 000 km2 region in the vicinity of Atlanta, Georgia: In the Piedmont and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces of the southeastern USA. Water levels in several wells completed in surficial and crystalline-rock aquifers were also evaluated. Data were analysed for seven US Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauges, 17 National Weather Service rain gauges, and five USGS monitoring wells. Annual runoff coefficients (RCs; runoff as a fractional percentage of precipitation) for the urban stream (Peachtree Creek) were not significantly greater than for the less-urbanized watersheds. The RCs for some streams were similar to others and the similar streams were grouped according to location. The RCs decreased from the higher elevation and higher relief watersheds to the lower elevation and lower relief watersheds: Values were 0.54 for the two Blue Ridge streams. 0.37 for the four middle Piedmont streams (near Atlanta), and 0.28 for a southern Piedmont stream. For the 25 largest stormflows, the peak flows for Peachtree Creek were 30% to 100% greater then peak flows for the other stream. The storm recession period for the urban stream was 1-2 days less than that for the other streams and the recession was characterized by a 2-day storm recession constant that was, on average, 40 to 100% greater, i.e. streamflow decreased more rapidly than for the other streams. Baseflow recession constants ranged from 35 to 40% lower for Peachtree Creek than for the other streams; this is attributed to lower evapotranspiration losses, which result in a smaller change in groundwater storage than in the less-urbanized watersheds. Low flow of Peachtree Creek ranged from 25 to 35% less than the other streams, possibly the result of decreased infiltration caused by the more efficient routing of stormwater and the paving of groundwater rechange areas. The timing of daily or monthly groundwater-level fluctuations was similar annually in each well, reflecting the seasonal recharge. Although water-level monitoring only began in the 1980s for the two urban wells, water levels displayed a notable decline compared with non-urban wells since then; this is attributed to decreased groundwater rechange in the urban watersheds due to increased imperviousness and related rapid storm runoff. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.218","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Rose, S., and Peters, N., 2001, Effects of urbanization on streamflow in the Atlanta area (Georgia, USA): A comparative hydrological approach: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1441-1457, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.218.","startPage":"1441","endPage":"1457","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207359,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.218"},{"id":232252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0829e4b0c8380cd519da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, S.","contributorId":56002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023475,"text":"70023475 - 2001 - Interactive visualization of vegetation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T16:47:27.256646","indexId":"70023475","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interactive visualization of vegetation dynamics","docAbstract":"Satellite imagery provides a mechanism for observing seasonal dynamics of the landscape that have implications for near real-time monitoring of agriculture, forest, and range resources. This study illustrates a technique for visualizing timely information on key events during the growing season (e.g., onset, peak, duration, and end of growing season), as well as the status of the current growing season with respect to the recent historical average. Using time-series analysis of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite sensor, seasonal dynamics can be derived. We have developed a set of Java-based visualization and analysis tools to make comparisons between the seasonal dynamics of the current year with those from the past twelve years. In addition, the visualization tools allow the user to query underlying databases such as land cover or administrative boundaries to analyze the seasonal dynamics of areas of their own interest. The Java-based tools (data exploration and visualization analysis or DEVA) use a Web-based client-server model for processing the data. The resulting visualization and analysis, available via the Internet, is of value to those responsible for land management decisions, resource allocation, and at-risk population targeting.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2001)","conferenceDate":"Jul 9-13, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, NSW, Australia","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Reed, B., Swets, D., Bard, L., Brown, J., and Rowland, J., 2001, Interactive visualization of vegetation dynamics, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 1, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Jul 9-13, 2001, p. 210-212.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce2e4b0c8380cd63118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swets, D.","contributorId":78118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swets","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bard, L.","contributorId":95652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bard","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, J.","contributorId":57801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023467,"text":"70023467 - 2001 - Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70023467","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro","docAbstract":"New conodont alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) data collected from drill holes in the Appalachian basin of New York State allow refinement of thermal maturity maps for Ordovician and Devonian rocks. CAI isotherms on the new maps show a pattern that approximates that published by Harris et al. (1978) in eastern and western New York, but it differs in central New York, where the isotherms are shifted markedly westward by more than 100 km and are more tightly grouped. This close grouping of isograds reflects a steeper thermal gradient than previously noted by Harris et al. (1978) and agrees closely with the abrupt west-to-east increase in thermal maturity across New York noted by Johnsson (1986). These data show, in concordance with previous studies, that thermal maturity levels in these rocks are higher than can be explained by simple burial heating beneath the present thickness of overburden. The Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian Basin in New York must have been buried by very thick post-Devonian sediments (4-6 km suggested by Sarwar and Friedman 1995) or were exposed to a higher-than-normal geothermal flux caused by crustal extension, or a combination of the two.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Weary, D., Ryder, R.T., and Nyahay, R., 2001, Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 23, no. 4, p. 356-376.","startPage":"356","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb248e4b08c986b3256c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, D. J.","contributorId":40617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyahay, R.E.","contributorId":38405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyahay","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}