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We used a 30-y mark&ndash;recapture study of colonially breeding cliff swallows (</span><i>Petrochelidon pyrrhonota</i><span>) to show that the survival advantages of different colony sizes fluctuated among years. Colony size was under both stabilizing and directional selection in different years, and reversals in the sign of directional selection regularly occurred. Directional selection was predicted in part by drought conditions: birds in larger colonies tended to be favored in cooler and wetter years, and birds in smaller colonies in hotter and drier years. Oscillating selection on colony size likely reflected annual differences in food availability and the consequent importance of information transfer, and/or the level of ectoparasitism, with the net benefit of sociality varying under these different conditions. Averaged across years, there was no net directional change in selection on colony size. The wide range in cliff swallow group size is probably maintained by fluctuating survival selection and represents the first case, to our knowledge, in which fitness advantages of different group sizes regularly oscillate over time in a natural vertebrate population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1600218113","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.B., Brown, M.B., Roche, E.A., O'brien, V., and Page, C.E., 2016, Fluctuating survival selection explains variation in avian group size: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 113, no. 18, p. 5113-518, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600218113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5113","endPage":"518","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071213","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600218113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fb8e4b071321fe56a26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Charles B.","contributorId":168888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25379,"text":"Dept of Biol Sc, Univ of Tulsa, Tulsa OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Mary Bomberger","contributorId":150841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Bomberger","affiliations":[{"id":18117,"text":"School of Natl Res, Univ of NE, Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roche, Erin A. eroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":5558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Erin","email":"eroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'brien, Valerie A","contributorId":168889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'brien","given":"Valerie A","affiliations":[{"id":25380,"text":"Div of Sc & Math, Tulsa Community College-Metro Campus,Tulsa OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Page, Catherine E.","contributorId":168890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Page","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":25379,"text":"Dept of Biol Sc, Univ of Tulsa, Tulsa OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176538,"text":"70176538 - 2016 - Estimates of lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) diet in Lake Ontario using two and three isotope mixing models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T12:44:11","indexId":"70176538","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) diet in Lake Ontario using two and three isotope mixing models","docAbstract":"<p>Recent development of multi-dimensional stable isotope models for estimating both foraging patterns and niches have presented the analytical tools to further assess the food webs of freshwater populations. One approach to refine predictions from these analyses is to include a third isotope to the more common two-isotope carbon and nitrogen mixing models to increase the power to resolve different prey sources. We compared predictions made with two-isotope carbon and nitrogen mixing models and three-isotope models that also included sulphur (<i>δ</i><sup>34</sup>S) for the diets of Lake Ontario lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>). We determined the isotopic compositions of lake trout and potential prey fishes sampled from Lake Ontario and then used quantitative estimates of resource use generated by two- and three-isotope Bayesian mixing models (SIAR) to infer feeding patterns of lake trout. Both two- and three-isotope models indicated that alewife (<i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>) and round goby (<i>Neogobius melanostomus</i>) were the primary prey items, but the three-isotope models were more consistent with recent measures of prey fish abundances and lake trout diets. The lake trout sampled directly from the hatcheries had isotopic compositions derived from the hatchery food which were distinctively different from those derived from the natural prey sources. Those hatchery signals were retained for months after release, raising the possibility to distinguish hatchery-reared yearlings and similarly sized naturally reproduced lake trout based on isotopic compositions. Addition of a third-isotope resulted in mixing model results that confirmed round goby have become an important component of lake trout diet and may be overtaking alewife as a prey resource.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.010","usgsCitation":"Colborne, S.F., Rush, S.A., Paterson, G., Johnson, T.B., Lantry, B.F., and Fisk, A.T., 2016, Estimates of lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) diet in Lake Ontario using two and three isotope mixing models: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 3, p. 695-702, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"702","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066386","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science 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A.","contributorId":127332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rush","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6778,"text":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paterson, Gordon","contributorId":12755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paterson","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Timothy B.","contributorId":49753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 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,{"id":70182739,"text":"70182739 - 2016 - Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T11:33:23","indexId":"70182739","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile","docAbstract":"Soon after the onset of an eruption, model forecasts of ash dispersal are used to mitigate the hazards to aircraft, infrastructure and communities downwind. However, it is a significant challenge to constrain the model inputs during an evolving eruption. Here we demonstrate that volcanic lightning may be used in tandem with satellite detection to recognize and quantify changes in eruption style and intensity. Using the eruption of Calbuco volcano in southern Chile on 22-23 April 2015, we investigate rates of umbrella cloud expansion from satellite observations, occurrence of lightning, and mapped characteristics of the fall deposits. Our remote-sensing analysis gives a total erupted volume that is within uncertainty of the mapped volume (0.56 ±0.28 km3 bulk). Observations and volcanic plume modeling further suggest that electrical activity was enhanced both by ice formation in the ash clouds >10 km asl and development of a low-level charge layer from ground-hugging currents.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068076","usgsCitation":"Van Eaton, A.R., Amigo, A., Bertin, D., Mastin, L.G., Giacosa, R.E., Gonzalez, J., Valderrama, O., Fontijn, K., and Behnke, S., 2016, Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 7, p. 3563-3571, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068076.","productDescription":"9 p. 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,{"id":70184231,"text":"70184231 - 2016 - Postseismic gravity change after the 2006–2007 great earthquake doublet and constraints on the asthenosphere structure in the central Kuril Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T10:56:04","indexId":"70184231","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postseismic gravity change after the 2006–2007 great earthquake doublet and constraints on the asthenosphere structure in the central Kuril Islands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large earthquakes often trigger viscoelastic adjustment for years to decades depending on the rheological properties and the nature and spatial extent of coseismic stress. The 2006 </span><i>M<sub>w</sub></i><span>8.3 thrust and 2007 </span><i>M<sub>w</sub></i><span>8.1 normal fault earthquakes of the central Kuril Islands resulted in significant postseismic gravity change in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) but without a discernible coseismic gravity change. The gravity increase of ~4 μGal, observed consistently from various GRACE solutions around the epicentral area during 2007–2015, is interpreted as resulting from gradual seafloor uplift by ~6 cm produced by postseismic relaxation. The GRACE data are best fit with a model of 25–35 km for the elastic thickness and ~10</span><sup>18</sup><span> Pa s for the Maxwell viscosity of the asthenosphere. The large measurable postseismic gravity change (greater than coseismic change) emphasizes the importance of viscoelastic relaxation in understanding tectonic deformation and fault-locking scenarios in the Kuril subduction zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068167","usgsCitation":"Han, S., Sauber, J., and Pollitz, F., 2016, Postseismic gravity change after the 2006–2007 great earthquake doublet and constraints on the asthenosphere structure in the central Kuril Islands: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 7, p. 3169-3177, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068167.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3169","endPage":"3177","ipdsId":"IP-074384","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068167","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Kuril Islands","volume":"43","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8339e4b014cc3a3a99e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Shin-Chan","contributorId":187537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Shin-Chan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauber, Jeanne","contributorId":71734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauber","given":"Jeanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178184,"text":"70178184 - 2016 - A revised surface age for the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T17:01:06","indexId":"70178184","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A revised surface age for the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars ","docAbstract":"<p><span>The North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) of Mars contain a complex stratigraphy that has been suggested to retain a record of past eccentricity- and obliquity-forced climate changes. The surface accumulation rate in the current climate can be constrained by the crater retention age. We scale NPLD crater diameters to account for icy target strength and compare surface age using a new production function for recent small impacts on Mars to the previously used model of Hartmann (2005). Our results indicate that ice is accumulating in these craters several times faster than previously thought, with a 100 m diameter crater being completely infilled within centuries. Craters appear to have a diameter-dependent lifetime, but the data also permit a complete resurfacing of the NPLD at ~1.5 ka.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068434","usgsCitation":"Landis, M., Byrne, S., Daubar, I., Herkenhoff, K.E., and Dundas, C.M., 2016, A revised surface age for the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars : Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 7, p. 3060-3068, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068434.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3060","endPage":"3068","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-070849","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068434","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"43","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5821a0dde4b02f1a881de974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landis, Margaret E.","contributorId":176713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landis","given":"Margaret E.","affiliations":[{"id":25655,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1629 E. University Blvd., The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daubar, Ingrid J.","contributorId":34431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daubar","given":"Ingrid J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70170268,"text":"ofr20151212 - 2016 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-18T08:33:49","indexId":"ofr20151212","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-15T19:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1212","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2015","docAbstract":"<h1>Significant Findings</h1>\n<p>An analysis of total-dissolved-gas (TDG) and water-temperature data collected at eight fixed monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in water year 2015 indicated the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>All but 1 of the 85 TDG sensor laboratory checks that were performed after field deployment were within &plusmn;0.5-percent saturation of a primary standard.</li>\n<li>After 3&ndash;4 weeks of deployment in the river, 79 of 89 TDG sensor field checks were within &plusmn;1.0-percent saturation of a secondary standard. Nine of the field checks greater than &plusmn;1.0-percent saturation occurred at the John Day Dam tailwater station and resulted in periods of deleted TDG data at the station.</li>\n<li>All 90 barometric pressure field checks were within &plusmn;1 millimeter of mercury of a primary stand-ard, and all 90 water-temperature field checks were within &plusmn;0.2 degrees Celsius of a secondary standard.</li>\n<li>TDG data were considered complete if received in real time and within 1-percent saturation of the expected value on the basis of calibration data, replicate quality-control measurements, and comparison to river conditions at adjacent stations. For the eight monitoring stations, data completeness ranged from 71.9 to 99.8 percent.</li>\n<li>All quality-assurance values exceed the criteria established by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers TDG monitoring plan. Criteria for data completeness (95-percent) were met at seven of the eight monitoring stations. Deleted data at the John Day tailwater station resulted in data completeness below criteria.</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Bragg, H.M., and Johnston, M.W., 2016, Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1212, 26 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151212.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070454","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science 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Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5712029be4b0ef3b7ca593e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bragg, Heather M. hmbragg@usgs.gov","contributorId":428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Heather M.","email":"hmbragg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Matthew W. mattj@usgs.gov","contributorId":3066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Matthew","email":"mattj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169109,"text":"sim3354 - 2016 - Geologic map of the Rio Rico and Nogales 7.5’ quadrangles, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:04:57","indexId":"sim3354","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-15T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3354","title":"Geologic map of the Rio Rico and Nogales 7.5’ quadrangles, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>The Rio Rico and Nogales (Arizona) 1:24,000-scale quadrangles are located in the Basin and Range Province of southern Arizona, and the southern edge of the map is the international border with Sonora, Mexico.&nbsp; The major urban area is Nogales, a bi-national city known as &ldquo;the gateway to Mexico.&rdquo;&nbsp; Rocks exposed in the map area range in age from Jurassic through Quaternary.&nbsp; Major physiographic, geologic, and hydrologic features in the map area include the southern San Cayetano Mountains, Grosvenor Hills, and Sonoita Creek in the northern part, and Mount Benedict and the Mount Benedict horst block in the southcentral part. The horst block is bounded by the Santa Cruz River on the east and Nogales Wash on the west.</p>\n<p>The objectives of our mapping were to define the geologic framework for the Nogales area and the upper Santa Cruz basin to support ongoing multidisciplinary projects. This new work will improve understanding of the Nogales Formation to more fully assess its groundwater resource potential. We significantly revised the Miocene Nogales Formation based on geologic mapping combined with new geochronologic, geophysical, and petrographic studies.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3354","usgsCitation":"Page, W.R., Menges, C.M., Gray, Floyd, Berry, M.E., Bultman, M.W., Cosca, M.A., and VanSistine, D.P., 2016, Geologic map of the Rio Rico and Nogales 7.5’ quadrangles, Santa Cruz County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3354, 32 p. pamphlet, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3354.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: v, 32 p.; 3 Sheets: 37.93 x 40.26 inches or smaller; Appendix; Metadata: text, xml; Read Me; Spatial Data: Base maps, Geodatabase, Shapefiles.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059210","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science 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Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3354/sim3354_gdb.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"39.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM  3354 Geodatabase"},{"id":320052,"rank":12,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3354/sim3354_metadata.xml","text":"Metadata xml","size":"20.0 kB","description":"SIM  3354 Metadata xml"},{"id":319996,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3354/sim3354_sheet1_geo.pdf","text":"Georeferenced geologic map","size":"146.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM  3354 Georeferenced geologic map"},{"id":319989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3354/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Santa Cruz County","otherGeospatial":"Rio Rico and Nogales 7.5' Quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              31.3325\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.875,\n              31.3329\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.875,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              31.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Center Director, USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center<br>Box 25046, Mail Stop 980<br>Denver, CO 80225</p><p><a href=\"http://gec.cr.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://gec.cr.usgs.gov/\">http://gec.cr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Description of Map Units</li><li>Stratigraphy</li><li>Structure</li><li>Summary</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5712029ae4b0ef3b7ca593de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, William R. 0000-0002-0722-9911 rpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-9911","contributorId":1628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"William","email":"rpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menges, Christopher M. 0000-0002-8045-2933 cmmenges@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-2933","contributorId":1045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menges","given":"Christopher","email":"cmmenges@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4113-8212 meberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-8212","contributorId":1544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Margaret","email":"meberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bultman, Mark W. 0000-0001-8352-101X mbultman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-101X","contributorId":3348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bultman","given":"Mark","email":"mbultman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"VanSistine, D. Paco 0000-0003-1166-2547","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2547","contributorId":61906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanSistine","given":"D. Paco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70154778,"text":"70154778 - 2016 - Notes on the origin of copromacrinite based on nitrogen functionalities and δ13C and δ15N determined on samples from the Peach Orchard coal bed, southern Magoffin County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T15:54:47","indexId":"70154778","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the origin of copromacrinite based on nitrogen functionalities and δ13C and δ15N determined on samples from the Peach Orchard coal bed, southern Magoffin County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0040\">This paper represents the first attempt to show, by means other than just petrographic ones, that one type of macrinite, herein designated copromacrinite, may result from macrofauna feces. For that purpose a combination of coal petrography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental-analysis continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry methods were used to determine nitrogen functionalities and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup>C and<i>&delta;</i><sup>15</sup>N compositions in 1) vitrinite-rich, 2) fusinite&nbsp;+&nbsp;semifusinite-rich, and 3) macrinite-rich (with a possible coprolitic origin) samples of the high volatile A bituminous Peach Orchard coal (Bolsovian; Middle Pennsylvanian) from Magoffin County, Kentucky. There were no significant differences between pyridinic-N and quaternary-N abundance in the three samples, however, pyrrolic-N was higher (~&nbsp;54%) in the macrinite-rich sample than in the other two samples (~&nbsp;38%). The data suggest that pyridinic-N and quaternary-N are independent of maceral group composition and that pyrrolic-N is dependent on maceral composition (fusinite&nbsp;+&nbsp;semifusinite versus macrinite).&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup>C values obtained for bulk and demineralized coal of the vitrinite- and fusinite&nbsp;+&nbsp;semifusinite-rich samples are similar with&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup>C values of &minus;&nbsp;24.80&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.01&permil; VPDB and &minus;&nbsp;24.61&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.09&permil; VPDB for bulk samples and &minus;&nbsp;24.81&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.07&permil; VPDB and &minus;&nbsp;24.52&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.04&permil; VPDB for demineralized samples. These values are within the expected range for vitrinite-rich samples and the slightly higher&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup>C value of the fusinite&nbsp;+&nbsp;semifusinite-rich sample is expected as&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup>C values for inertinite are higher than for vitrinite. However, there was a significant shift to a lower&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup>C value (&minus;&nbsp;26.80&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.01&permil; VPDB for the bulk sample value) for the macrinite-rich sample. Because the samples are basically isorank, and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup>C (and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>15</sup>N) shifts do not occur during maturation until anthracite rank, the difference may be related to the presence or composition of the macrinite within the sample which lacks heat-effect indicators, such as devolatilization vacuoles and distorted pores.&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>15</sup>N values are also similar for bulk and demineralized coal of the vitrinite- and fusinite&nbsp;+&nbsp;semifusinite-rich samples, and the bulk values were heavier in this samples (3.07&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.03&permil; Air and 2.92&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.10&permil; Air, respectively), and much lighter (&minus;&nbsp;2.83&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.09&permil; Air) for the macrinite-rich sample.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0045\">The study of Peach Orchard coal samples using reflected-light microscopy, isotopic composition, and nitrogen-forms analyses revealed that the macrinite-rich sample contains macrinite with coprolitic features (e.g. oxidation rind, mix of undigested palynomorphs, frequent and randomly located funginite, agglutination pulp of semifusinite reflectance, internal lack of bedding fabric, and suggestion of structures resulting from intestines and stomach walls), more pyrrolic-N (~&nbsp;16%), and lower&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup>C (~&nbsp;2&permil; VPDB) and&nbsp;<i>&delta;</i><sup>15</sup>N (~&nbsp;4&permil; Air) values than the vitrinite and semifusinite&nbsp;+&nbsp;fusinite rich samples. These findings suggest that the maceral macrinite has multiple origins based on petrography and measurable chemical differences between the macrinite, vitrinite, and semifusinite&nbsp;+&nbsp;fusinite fractions within the coal. Assuming that copromacrinite observed is an excretion then the anomalies observed may result from the symbiotic relations between the macrofauna (e.g. cockroaches) and microbiota during the digestive processes, and the nitrogen balance mechanisms inside macrofauna body.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.004","usgsCitation":"Valentim, B., Algarra, M., Guedes, A., Ruppert, L.F., and Hower, J., 2016, Notes on the origin of copromacrinite based on nitrogen functionalities and δ13C and δ15N determined on samples from the Peach Orchard coal bed, southern Magoffin County, Kentucky: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 160-161, p. 63-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.004.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"72","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062704","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Magoffin County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.9409,37.7163],[-82.945,37.681],[-82.9412,37.6741],[-82.9368,37.6681],[-82.9357,37.6649],[-82.9335,37.6622],[-82.9277,37.6598],[-82.9226,37.6569],[-82.9186,37.6541],[-82.9122,37.6535],[-82.9089,37.6494],[-82.9119,37.6467],[-82.9126,37.644],[-82.9028,37.6416],[-82.9015,37.6275],[-82.9034,37.6239],[-82.9042,37.6171],[-82.9062,37.6108],[-82.9063,37.6063],[-82.9025,37.5998],[-82.9038,37.5944],[-82.8965,37.5884],[-82.8974,37.5802],[-82.9009,37.5789],[-82.9022,37.5767],[-82.8995,37.5708],[-82.8967,37.5675],[-82.8886,37.5655],[-82.8878,37.5546],[-82.8851,37.5496],[-82.8859,37.5437],[-82.8779,37.5395],[-82.8798,37.5345],[-82.8921,37.5325],[-82.8939,37.5294],[-82.8917,37.5261],[-82.8908,37.5198],[-82.8958,37.5108],[-82.9022,37.5078],[-82.9064,37.5042],[-82.9101,37.4998],[-82.9092,37.4916],[-82.9157,37.4886],[-82.9256,37.4865],[-82.9289,37.4911],[-82.9341,37.4939],[-82.9365,37.4908],[-82.9406,37.4896],[-82.9417,37.4914],[-82.9466,37.5015],[-82.9482,37.5033],[-82.9494,37.5047],[-82.9529,37.5043],[-82.9545,37.5057],[-82.9502,37.5129],[-82.9599,37.5185],[-82.9685,37.521],[-82.9726,37.5215],[-82.9778,37.5225],[-82.9893,37.5255],[-82.9956,37.5279],[-82.9991,37.528],[-83.0008,37.5289],[-83.0001,37.5311],[-83,37.5339],[-83.0014,37.5457],[-83.0042,37.5476],[-83.0048,37.5485],[-83.007,37.5499],[-83.01,37.549],[-83.0175,37.5492],[-83.0143,37.5573],[-83.0181,37.5678],[-83.0162,37.5705],[-83.0109,37.5726],[-83.0096,37.5767],[-83.0117,37.5835],[-83.0272,37.5897],[-83.0302,37.5871],[-83.0378,37.5845],[-83.0429,37.5905],[-83.0515,37.5934],[-83.055,37.5935],[-83.0567,37.5931],[-83.0582,37.5999],[-83.0614,37.6081],[-83.0642,37.6132],[-83.0661,37.6073],[-83.0719,37.6097],[-83.0727,37.6188],[-83.075,37.6211],[-83.0857,37.6308],[-83.0897,37.6318],[-83.0911,37.6255],[-83.0988,37.6211],[-83.1023,37.6212],[-83.1088,37.6177],[-83.1154,37.6114],[-83.123,37.6093],[-83.1254,37.6076],[-83.1318,37.6059],[-83.1358,37.6078],[-83.1369,37.6114],[-83.1368,37.6141],[-83.1402,37.6174],[-83.1504,37.6257],[-83.1508,37.6312],[-83.1606,37.6354],[-83.1652,37.6346],[-83.1664,37.6356],[-83.1704,37.637],[-83.1738,37.6389],[-83.1854,37.6409],[-83.1872,37.6396],[-83.1986,37.6461],[-83.2101,37.6495],[-83.2177,37.6483],[-83.2217,37.6502],[-83.2302,37.6563],[-83.2347,37.6618],[-83.2398,37.6669],[-83.2415,37.6674],[-83.2439,37.6669],[-83.2462,37.667],[-83.2479,37.6688],[-83.2485,37.6693],[-83.2501,37.673],[-83.2558,37.6758],[-83.2586,37.6804],[-83.2562,37.6826],[-83.2514,37.6888],[-83.2501,37.6924],[-83.2424,37.6973],[-83.2498,37.7024],[-83.2617,37.7126],[-83.2626,37.7203],[-83.2607,37.7257],[-83.2532,37.7247],[-83.25,37.7323],[-83.2511,37.7346],[-83.2499,37.7351],[-83.2438,37.7449],[-83.2501,37.75],[-83.27,37.7663],[-83.271,37.769],[-83.2645,37.7721],[-83.2621,37.7743],[-83.2485,37.7826],[-83.2414,37.7879],[-83.2331,37.7923],[-83.2244,37.7899],[-83.2237,37.7926],[-83.2182,37.802],[-83.2138,37.811],[-83.2072,37.8195],[-83.199,37.8198],[-83.1944,37.817],[-83.1815,37.8195],[-83.178,37.8212],[-83.1737,37.8288],[-83.1741,37.8316],[-83.1131,37.8639],[-83.1314,37.8929],[-83.129,37.8946],[-83.1267,37.8946],[-83.1151,37.893],[-83.1062,37.8946],[-83.0889,37.8902],[-83.082,37.8874],[-83.0751,37.8836],[-83.0679,37.873],[-83.0662,37.8712],[-83.0563,37.8701],[-83.0463,37.8717],[-83.045,37.8767],[-83.0443,37.8789],[-83.0401,37.8847],[-83.0309,37.8805],[-83.0281,37.8777],[-83.0214,37.868],[-83.0168,37.8657],[-83.0157,37.8647],[-83.0139,37.8638],[-83.0048,37.8591],[-82.9996,37.8553],[-82.9838,37.8419],[-82.9865,37.831],[-82.986,37.8269],[-82.985,37.8237],[-82.9842,37.8124],[-82.9831,37.8106],[-82.9504,37.7949],[-82.9471,37.7572],[-82.9484,37.7196],[-82.9409,37.7163]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Magoffin\",\"state\":\"KY\"}}]}","volume":"160-161","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2a3e4b07dd077c6a7b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentim, Bruno","contributorId":145465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valentim","given":"Bruno","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16122,"text":"Centro de Geologia da Universidade do Porto and Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Algarra, Manuel","contributorId":145466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Algarra","given":"Manuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16122,"text":"Centro de Geologia da Universidade do Porto and Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guedes, Alexandra","contributorId":145467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guedes","given":"Alexandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16122,"text":"Centro de Geologia da Universidade do Porto and Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hower, James C. 0000-0003-4694-2776","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-2776","contributorId":34561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hower","given":"James C.","affiliations":[{"id":16123,"text":"University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, United States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70177884,"text":"70177884 - 2016 - A new organic reference material, L-glutamic acid, USGS41a, for δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N measurements − a replacement for USGS41","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-25T15:41:02","indexId":"70177884","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new organic reference material, L-glutamic acid, USGS41a, for δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N measurements − a replacement for USGS41","docAbstract":"<h3>Rationale</h3><p>The widely used <span class=\"smallCaps\">l</span>-glutamic acid isotopic reference material USGS41, enriched in both <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N, is nearly exhausted. A new material, USGS41a, has been prepared as a replacement for USGS41.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>USGS41a was prepared by dissolving analytical grade <span class=\"smallCaps\">l</span>-glutamic acid enriched in <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N together with <span class=\"smallCaps\">l</span>-glutamic acid of normal isotopic composition. The <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N values of USGS41a were directly or indirectly normalized with the international reference materials NBS 19 calcium carbonate (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C<sub>VPDB</sub> = +1.95 mUr, where milliurey = 0.001 = 1 ‰), LSVEC lithium carbonate (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C<sub>VPDB</sub> = −46.6 mUr), and IAEA-N-1 ammonium sulfate (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Air</sub> = +0.43 mUr) and USGS32 potassium nitrate (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N = +180 mUr exactly) by on-line combustion, continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and off-line dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>USGS41a is isotopically homogeneous; the reproducibility of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N is better than 0.07 mUr and 0.09 mUr, respectively, in 200-μg amounts. It has a <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C value of +36.55 mUr relative to VPDB and a <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N value of +47.55 mUr relative to N<sub>2</sub> in air. USGS41 was found to be hydroscopic, probably due to the presence of pyroglutamic acid. Experimental results indicate that the chemical purity of USGS41a is substantially better than that of USGS41.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The new isotopic reference material USGS41a can be used with USGS40 (having a <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C<sub>VPDB</sub> value of −26.39 mUr and a <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Air</sub> value of −4.52 mUr) for (i) analyzing local laboratory isotopic reference materials, and (ii) quantifying drift with time, mass-dependent isotopic fractionation, and isotope-ratio-scale contraction for isotopic analysis of biological and organic materials. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.7510","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., Mroczkowski, S.J., Brand, W.A., Brandes, L., Geilmann, H., and Schimmelmann, A., 2016, A new organic reference material, L-glutamic acid, USGS41a, for δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N measurements − a replacement for USGS41: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 30, no. 7, p. 859-866, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7510.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"866","ipdsId":"IP-071905","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58106f98e4b0f497e7961117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mroczkowski, Stanley J. 0000-0001-8026-6025 smroczko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-6025","contributorId":2628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"Stanley","email":"smroczko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":33091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brandes, Lauren lbrandes@usgs.gov","contributorId":176264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandes","given":"Lauren","email":"lbrandes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":652019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geilmann, Heike","contributorId":41303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geilmann","given":"Heike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schimmelmann, Arndt","contributorId":140051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"Arndt","affiliations":[{"id":13366,"text":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70171351,"text":"70171351 - 2016 - Fish community response to dam removal in a Maine coastal river tributary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T13:17:27","indexId":"70171351","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-14T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish community response to dam removal in a Maine coastal river tributary","docAbstract":"<p>Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a third-order tributary to the Penobscot River in Maine, historically has supported several anadromous fishes including Atlantic Salmon <i>Salmo salar</i>, Alewife <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>, and Sea Lamprey <i>Petromyzon marinus</i>. Two small dams constructed in the 1800s reduced or eliminated spawning runs entirely. In 2009, efforts to restore marine&ndash;freshwater connectivity in the system culminated in removal of the lowermost dam (Mill Dam) providing access to 4.7&nbsp;km of lotic habitat and unimpeded passage into the lentic habitat of Fields Pond. In anticipation of these barrier removals, we initiated a modified before-after-control-impact study, and monitored stream fish assemblages in fixed treatment and reference sites. Electrofishing surveys were conducted twice yearly since 2007. Results indicated that density, biomass, and diversity of the fish assemblage increased at all treatment sites upstream of the 2009 dam removal. No distinct changes in these metrics occurred at reference sites. We documented recolonization and successful reproduction of Atlantic Salmon, Alewife, and Sea Lamprey in previously inaccessible upstream reaches. These results clearly demonstrate that dam removal has enhanced the fish assemblage by providing an undisrupted stream gradient linking a small headwater lake and tributary with a large coastal river, its estuary, and the Atlantic Ocean.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1007164","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., Hogg, R.S., Coghlan, S.M., and Gardner, C., 2016, Fish community response to dam removal in a Maine coastal river tributary: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 3, p. 445-455, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1007164.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"455","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044287","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Penobscot","city":"Bangor","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.378662109375,\n              44.398467142258504\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.378662109375,\n              45.092913646051144\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.2086181640625,\n              45.092913646051144\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.2086181640625,\n              44.398467142258504\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.378662109375,\n              44.398467142258504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57496fafe4b07e28b665cc64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hogg, Robert S.","contributorId":169677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coghlan, Stephen M. Jr.","contributorId":169678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coghlan","given":"Stephen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, Cory","contributorId":169679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170267,"text":"70170267 - 2016 - Dairy-impacted wastewater is a source of iodinated disinfection byproducts in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:47:28","indexId":"70170267","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-14T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dairy-impacted wastewater is a source of iodinated disinfection byproducts in the environment","docAbstract":"<p>Iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are among the most toxic DBPs, but they are not typically measured in treated water. Iodinated DBPs can be toxic to humans, and they also have the potential to affect aquatic communities. Because of the specific use of iodine and iodine-containing compounds in dairies, such livestock operations can be a potential source of iodinated DBPs in corresponding receiving water bodies. DBPs [trihalomethanes (THMs), including iodinated THMs] were measured within dairy processing facilities (milking and cheese manufacturing) and surface waters that receive dairy-impacted effluents [either directly from the dairy or through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)] in three areas of the United States (California, New York, and Wisconsin). Iodo-THMs comprised 15&minus;29% of the total THMs in surface water near WWTP effluents that were impacted by dairy waste and 0&minus;100% of the total THMs in samples from dairy processing facilities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00109","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Hubbard, L.E., Kolpin, D.W., and Focazio, M.J., 2016, Dairy-impacted wastewater is a source of iodinated disinfection byproducts in the environment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 3, no. 5, p. 190-193, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00109.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"193","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073754","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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,{"id":70170258,"text":"70170258 - 2016 - Host contact and shedding patterns clarify variation in pathogen exposure and transmission in threatened tortoise <i>Gopherus agassizii</i>: implications for disease modelling and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T13:14:26","indexId":"70170258","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-14T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host contact and shedding patterns clarify variation in pathogen exposure and transmission in threatened tortoise <i>Gopherus agassizii</i>: implications for disease modelling and management","docAbstract":"<h1 class=\"article-section__header\">Summary</h1>\n<ol id=\"jane12511-list-0001\" class=\"o-list--numbered o-list--paragraph\">\n<li>Most directly transmitted infections require some form of close contact between infectious and susceptible hosts to spread. Often disease models assume contacts are equal and use mean field estimates of transmission probability for all interactions with infectious hosts.</li>\n<li>Such methods may inaccurately describe transmission when interactions differ substantially in their ability to cause infection. Understanding this variation in transmission risk may be critical to properly model and manage some infectious diseases. In this study, we investigate how varying exposure and transmission may be key to understanding disease dynamics in the threatened desert tortoise&nbsp;<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>.</li>\n<li>We created heterogeneity in&nbsp;<i>Mycoplasma agassizii</i>&nbsp;exposure (the putative bacterial agent of a respiratory disease) by varying the duration of interactions between naturally infected and uninfected captive desert tortoises. Using qPCR, we identified new infections and compared models of transmission probability as a function of contact duration and pathogen load. We then examined the contact patterns of a wild tortoise population using proximity loggers to identify heterogeneity in contact duration.</li>\n<li>The top-ranked model predicting&nbsp;<i>M.&nbsp;agassizii</i>&nbsp;transmission included a dose term defined as the product of the number of days in proximity to an infected host and the infection level of that host. Models predicted low transmission probability for short interactions, unless the infectious host had a high load of&nbsp;<i>M.&nbsp;agassizii</i>: such hosts were predicted to transmit infection at higher rates with any amount of contact. We observed predominantly short-lived interactions in a free-ranging tortoise population and thus, expect transmission patterns in this population to vary considerably with the frequency and duration of high infection levels.</li>\n<li>Mean field models may misrepresent natural transmission patterns in this and other populations depending on the distribution of high-risk contact and shedding events. Rapid outbreaks in generally solitary species may result from changes to their naturally low-risk contact patterns or due to increases in the frequency of severe infections or super-shedding events &ndash; population characteristics that should be further investigated to develop effective management strategies.</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"University Press","doi":"10.1111/1365-2656.12511","usgsCitation":"Aiello, C.M., Nussear, K.E., Esque, T., Emblidge, P.G., Sah, P., Bansal, S., and Hudson, P., 2016, Host contact and shedding patterns clarify variation in pathogen exposure and transmission in threatened tortoise <i>Gopherus agassizii</i>: implications for disease modelling and management: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 85, no. 3, p. 829-842, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12511.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"842","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068200","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12511","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78W3BC8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimates of pathogen exposure predict varying transmission likelihood: Host contact and shedding patterns may clarify disease dynamics in desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii"},{"id":320044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Las Vegas","otherGeospatial":"Desert Tortoise Conservation Center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          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,{"id":70174180,"text":"70174180 - 2016 - Using climate, energy, and spatial-based hypotheses to interpret macroecological patterns of North America chelonians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T16:43:17","indexId":"70174180","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-14T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using climate, energy, and spatial-based hypotheses to interpret macroecological patterns of North America chelonians","docAbstract":"<p>Our study investigates how factors, such as latitude, productivity, and several environmental variables, influence contemporary patterns of the species richness in North American turtles. In particular, we test several hypotheses explaining broad-scale species richness patterns on several species richness data sets: (<i>i</i>) total turtles, (<i>ii</i>) freshwater turtles only, (<i>iii</i>) aquatic turtles, (<i>iv</i>) terrestrial turtles only, (<i>v</i>) Emydidae, and (<i>vi</i>) Kinosternidae. In addition to spatial data, we used a combination of 25 abiotic variables in spatial regression models to predict species richness patterns. Our results provide support for multiple hypotheses related to broad-scale patterns of species richness, and in particular, hypotheses related to climate, productivity, water availability, topography, and latitude. In general, species richness patterns were positively associated with temperature, precipitation, diversity of streams, coefficient of variation of elevation, and net primary productivity. We also found that North America turtles follow the general latitudinal diversity gradient pattern (i.e., increasing species richness towards equator) by exhibiting a negative association with latitude. Because of the incongruent results among our six data sets, our study highlights the importance of considering phylogenetic constraints and guilds when interpreting species richness patterns, especially for taxonomic groups that occupy a myriad of habitats.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2016-0033","usgsCitation":"Ennen, J.R., Agha, M., Matamoros, W.A., Hazzard, S.C., and Lovich, J.E., 2016, Using climate, energy, and spatial-based hypotheses to interpret macroecological patterns of North America chelonians: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 94, p. 453-461, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0033.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"461","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065530","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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     [\n              -118.828125,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.607421875,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.595703125,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.12304687500001,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.771484375,\n              44.15068115978091\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.595703125,\n              47.39834920035926\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.96875,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.28710937499997,\n              50.680797145321655\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.25390625,\n              52.855864177853995\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.90234375,\n              53.33087298301704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f30be4b07dd077c6ae41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":83858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matamoros, Wilfredo A.","contributorId":172518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matamoros","given":"Wilfredo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27060,"text":"Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Cencias y Artes de Chiapas, Museo de Zoologia, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México Apartado Postal 29000, México","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hazzard, Sarah C.","contributorId":172519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hazzard","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27061,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute, Tennessee Aquarium, 201 Chestnut Street, Chattanooga, TN, 37402 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70170260,"text":"fs20163022 - 2016 - 3D Elevation Program—Virtual USA in 3D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-15T08:16:28","indexId":"fs20163022","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3022","title":"3D Elevation Program—Virtual USA in 3D","docAbstract":"<div>\n<div><span>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) uses a&nbsp;</span><span>laser system called &lsquo;lidar&rsquo; (light detection and ranging) to&nbsp;</span><span>create a virtual reality map of the Nation that is very accurate. </span><span>3D maps have many uses with new uses being discovered all the time.</span></div>\n</div>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163022","usgsCitation":"Lukas, Vicki, Stoker, J.M., 2016, 3D Elevation Program—Virtual USA in 3D: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3022, 1 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163022.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074727","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":320047,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3022/fs20163022.pdf","text":"Fact Sheet","size":"1.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2016–3022"}],"contact":"<p>Director, National Geospatial Program &nbsp;<br>U.S. Geological Survey <br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive &nbsp;<br>511 National Center &nbsp;Reston, VA 20192&nbsp;</p><p>Email: 3dep@usgs.gov</p><p><a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/ngpo/\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/ngpo/\">http://www.usgs.gov/ngpo/</a><br></p><p><a href=\"http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/\" data-mce-href=\"http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/\">http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/</a><br></p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5710b11de4b0ef3b7ca52684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lukas, Vicki 0000-0002-3151-6689 vlukas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-6689","contributorId":2890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukas","given":"Vicki","email":"vlukas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoker, J. M. 0000-0003-2455-0931","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":44873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169095,"text":"sir20165030 - 2016 - Perchlorate and selected metals in water and soil within Mount Rushmore National Memorial, South Dakota, 2011–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T19:58:59","indexId":"sir20165030","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5030","title":"Perchlorate and selected metals in water and soil within Mount Rushmore National Memorial, South Dakota, 2011–15","docAbstract":"<p>Mount Rushmore National Memorial is located in the east-central part of the Black Hills area of South Dakota and is challenged to provide drinking water to about 3 million annual visitors and year-round park personnel. An environmental concern to water resources within Mount Rushmore National Memorial has been the annual aerial fireworks display at the memorial for the Independence Day holiday during 1998–2009. A major concern of park management is the contamination of groundwater and surface water by perchlorate, which is used as an oxidizing agent in firework displays. A study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, was completed to characterize the occurrence of perchlorate and selected metals (constituents commonly associated with fireworks) in groundwater and surface water within and adjacent to Mount Rushmore National Memorial during 2011–15. Concentrations of perchlorate and metals in 106 water samples (collected from 6 groundwater sites and 14 surface-water sites) and 11 soil samples (collected from 11 soil sites) are reported.</p><p>Within the Mount Rushmore National Memorial boundary, perchlorate concentrations were greatest in the Lafferty Gulch drainage basin, ranging from less than 0.20 to 38 micrograms per liter (μg/L) in groundwater samples and from 2.2 to 54 μg/L in surface-water samples. Sites within the Starling Gulch drainage basin also had some evidence of perchlorate contamination, with concentrations ranging from 0.61 to 19 μg/L. All groundwater and surface-water samples within the unnamed tributary to Grizzly Bear Creek drainage basin and reference sites outside the park boundary had concentrations less than 0.20 μg/L. Perchlorate concentrations in samples collected at the 200-foot-deep production well (Well 1) ranged from 17 to 38 μg/L with a median of 23 μg/L, whereas perchlorate concentrations in samples from the 500-foot-deep production well (Well 2) ranged from 2.1 to 17 μg/L, with a median of 6.1 μg/L. Perchlorate concentrations in samples of the treated groundwater were similar to the concentrations from Well 1, which was the predominant source of the water supply at Mount Rushmore National Memorial during the study period (2011–15). Springflow upstream from the production wells in the West Fork Lafferty Gulch drainage had the greatest perchlorate concentrations, ranging from 21 to 54 μg/L. The groundwater site within Lafferty Gulch drainage basin but downstream from the park boundary also had a perchlorate concentration less than 0.20 μg/L in the one sample collected at the site. Water samples collected at reference sites generally had concentrations of metals within the same range of those sites within the Mount Rushmore National Memorial boundary, presenting little evidence of metal contamination due to anthropogenic factors within the park boundary. Soil samples were collected near most water sampling sites and within the Hall of Records Canyon where fireworks were launched. Perchlorate concentrations in soil were greatest in the West Fork Lafferty Gulch drainage and Hall of Records Canyon, which are topographically higher than the two groundwater wells.</p><p>The perchlorate concentrations in groundwater and surface water within Lafferty Gulch drainage basin during 2011–15 were greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Interim Drinking Water Health Advisory benchmark of 15 μg/L. The perchlorate concentrations in the Mount Rushmore water supply relative to this benchmark are of concern; however, this health advisory is based on the assumption that consumers are using the supply as their primary water source and currently is not a regulated standard. The groundwater system at West Fork Lafferty Gulch is highly susceptible to contamination by way of recharge and is isolated from downstream movement by an intrusive body acting as a dam, which may explain why a contamination problem is not likely to disappear or disperse, as could happen in larger aquifer systems. The observed deposition of firework debris within Lafferty Gulch drainage basin coupled with the lack of alternative perchlorate sources indicates that past firework displays are the most probable source of perchlorate contamination.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and National Water Quality Program–National Park Service Water Quality Partnership","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G.K., and Rowe, B.L., 2016, Perchlorate and selected metals in water and soil within Mount Rushmore National Memorial, South Dakota, 2011–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5030, 29 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165030.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070373","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5030/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":320051,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5030/sir20165030_appendix.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"26.4 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5030 Appendix 1"},{"id":320050,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5030/sir20165030.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5030"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Rushmore","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.46129894256592,\n              43.88270687270729\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4487247467041,\n              43.88264500931701\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.45160007476807,\n              43.87450941385015\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4608268737793,\n              43.87426192585682\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.46275806427002,\n              43.88270687270729\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.46129894256592,\n              43.88270687270729\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, South Dakota Water Science Center<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1608 Mountain View Road<br>Rapid City, South Dakota 57702</p><p><a href=\"http://sd.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://sd.water.usgs.gov/\">http://sd.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Perchlorate and Metal Occurrence at Mount Rushmore National Memorial</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5710b11ee4b0ef3b7ca5268f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K. ghoogest@usgs.gov","contributorId":2336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","email":"ghoogest@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Barbara L. blrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Barbara","email":"blrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170241,"text":"70170241 - 2016 - Role of habitat complexity in predator-prey dynamics between an introduced fish and larval Long-toed Salamanders (<i>Ambystoma macrodactylum</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:35:48","indexId":"70170241","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of habitat complexity in predator-prey dynamics between an introduced fish and larval Long-toed Salamanders (<i>Ambystoma macrodactylum</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Predation by nonnative fishes has reduced abundance and increased extinction risk for amphibian populations worldwide. Although rare, fish and palatable amphibians have been observed to coexist where aquatic vegetation and structural complexity provide suitable refugia. We examined whether larval long-toed salamanders (<i>Ambystoma macrodactylum</i> Baird, 1849) increased use of vegetation cover in lakes with trout and whether adding vegetation structure could reduce predation risk and nonconsumptive effects (NCEs), such as reductions in body size and delayed metamorphosis. We compared use of vegetation cover by larval salamanders in lakes with and without trout and conducted a field experiment to investigate the influence of added vegetation structure on salamander body morphology and life history. The probability of catching salamanders in traps in lakes with trout was positively correlated with the proportion of submerged vegetation and surface cover. Growth rates of salamanders in enclosures with trout cues decreased as much as 85% and the probability of metamorphosis decreased by 56%. We did not find evidence that adding vegetation reduced NCEs in experimental enclosures, but salamanders in lakes with trout utilized more highly-vegetated areas which suggests that adding vegetation structure at the scale of the whole lake may facilitate coexistence between salamanders and introduced trout.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2015-0160","usgsCitation":"Kenison, E., Litt, A., Pilliod, D.S., and McMahon, T.E., 2016, Role of habitat complexity in predator-prey dynamics between an introduced fish and larval Long-toed Salamanders (<i>Ambystoma macrodactylum</i>): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 94, no. 4, p. 243-249, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0160.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"249","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067344","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjz-2015-0160","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f5f9de4b0ef3b7ca32967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenison, Erin K","contributorId":168578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenison","given":"Erin K","affiliations":[{"id":5120,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litt, Andrea R.","contributorId":22226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litt","given":"Andrea R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":149254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, Tom E","contributorId":168579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMahon","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":5120,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170250,"text":"70170250 - 2016 - Forest cover changes due to hydrocarbon extraction disturbance in central Pennsylvania (2004–2010)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T16:36:22","indexId":"70170250","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2375,"text":"Journal of Maps","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest cover changes due to hydrocarbon extraction disturbance in central Pennsylvania (2004–2010)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The state of Pennsylvania has a long history of oil and gas extraction. In recent years with advances in technology such as hydraulic fracturing, hydrocarbon sources that were not profitable in the past are now being exploited. Here, we present an assessment of the cumulative impact of oil and gas extraction activities on the forests of 35 counties in Pennsylvania and their intersecting sub-watersheds between 2004 and 2010. The assessment categorizes counties and sub-watersheds based on the estimated amount of change to forest cover in the area. From the data collected we recognize that although forest cover has not been greatly impacted (with an average loss of percent forest coverage of 0.16% at the county level), landscape structure is affected. Increase in edge forest and decrease in interior forest is evident in many of the counties and sub-watersheds examined. These changes can have a detrimental effect on forest biodiversity and dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/17445647.2016.1170642","usgsCitation":"Roig-Silva, C., Slonecker, E.T., Milheim, L., Ballew, J.R., and Winters, S.G., 2016, Forest cover changes due to hydrocarbon extraction disturbance in central Pennsylvania (2004–2010): Journal of Maps, v. 12, no. s1, p. 131-138, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2016.1170642.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"138","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066163","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2016.1170642","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.541015625,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.518798828125,\n              40.9964840143779\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.52978515625,\n              39.71986348549764\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.057861328125,\n              39.72831341029745\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.662353515625,\n              40.333983227838104\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6953125,\n              40.91766362458114\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.025146484375,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5582275390625,\n              41.236511201246216\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.453857421875,\n              40.91766362458114\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.50354003906249,\n              41.15384235711447\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.970703125,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1025390625,\n              41.81636125072054\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3717041015625,\n              42.004407212963585\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.541015625,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"s1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f5f9ce4b0ef3b7ca32953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roig-Silva, Coral croig@usgs.gov","contributorId":168590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig-Silva","given":"Coral","email":"croig@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence 0000-0002-5793-0503 tslonecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0503","contributorId":168591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"tslonecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milheim, Lesley lmilheim@usgs.gov","contributorId":168592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"Lesley","email":"lmilheim@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballew, Jesse R. jballew@usgs.gov","contributorId":5708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballew","given":"Jesse","email":"jballew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":626629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winters, S. Gail gwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":5528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"S.","email":"gwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Gail","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70170243,"text":"70170243 - 2016 - Natural inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in anoxic and reduced groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T10:32:30","indexId":"70170243","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2169,"text":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in anoxic and reduced groundwater","docAbstract":"<h3>Aims</h3>\n<p>Inactivation rates of&nbsp;<i>E. coli</i>&nbsp;in groundwater have most often been determined in aerobic and oxidized systems. This study examined&nbsp;<i>E. coli</i>&nbsp;inactivation rates in anaerobic and extremely reduced groundwater systems that have been identified as recharge zones.</p>\n<h3>Methods and Results</h3>\n<p>Groundwater from six artesian wells was diverted to above ground, flow through mesocosms that contained laboratory grown&nbsp;<i>E. coli</i>&nbsp;in diffusion chambers. All groundwater was anaerobic and extremely reduced (ORP &lt;&nbsp;<span>-</span>300 mV). Cells were plated onto mTEC agar during 21 day incubation periods. All data fit a bi-phasic inactivation model, with &gt; 95% of the&nbsp;<i>E. coli</i>&nbsp;population being inactivated &lt; 11.0 hrs (mean&nbsp;<i>k</i>&nbsp;= 0.488&plusmn; 0.188 h<span>&minus;1</span>).</p>\n<h3>Conclusions</h3>\n<p>The groundwater geochemical conditions enhanced the inactivation of&nbsp;<i>E. coli</i>&nbsp;to rates approximately 21-fold greater than previously published inactivation rate in groundwater (mean&nbsp;<i>k</i>= 0.023 &plusmn; 0.030 h<span>&minus;1</span>). Also, mTEC agar inhibits&nbsp;<i>E. coli</i>&nbsp;growth following exposure to anaerobic and reduced groundwater.</p>\n<h3>Significance and Impact of the Study</h3>\n<p>Aquifer recharge zones with geochemical characteristics observed in this study complement above ground engineered processes (e.g., filtration, disinfection), while increasing the overall indicator microorganism log-reduction rate of a facility.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jam.13126","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J.T., 2016, Natural inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in anoxic and reduced groundwater: Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 120, no. 6, p. 1739-1750, https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13126.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1750","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066446","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13126","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f5f9ce4b0ef3b7ca3295a","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/jam.13126","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.13126","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Lisle J.T.","journalName":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","publicationDate":"5/13/2016","auditedOn":"11/8/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175004,"text":"70175004 - 2016 - Proposed Auxiliary Boundary Stratigraphic Section and Point (ASSP) for the base of the Ordovician System at Lawson Cove, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T09:27:41","indexId":"70175004","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proposed Auxiliary Boundary Stratigraphic Section and Point (ASSP) for the base of the Ordovician System at Lawson Cove, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"<p>T<span>he Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Ordovician System is at the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of the conodont Iapetognathus fluctivagus at Green Point in Newfoundland, Canada. Strata there are typical graptolitic facies that were deposited near the base of the continental slope.We propose establishing an Auxiliary boundary Stratotype Section and Point (ASSP) at the FAD of I. fluctivagus at the Lawson Cove section in the Ibex area of Millard County, Utah, USA. There, strata consist of typical shelly facies limestones that were deposited on a tropical carbonate platform and contain abundant conodonts, trilobites, brachiopods, and other fossil groups. Cambrian and Ordovician strata in this area are ~5300m thick, with the Lawson Cove section spanning 243m in three overlapping segments. Six other measured and studied sections in the area show stratigraphic relationships similar to those at Lawson Cove. Faunas have been used to divide these strata into 14 conodont and 7 trilobite zonal units. The widespread olenid trilobite Jujuyaspis occurs ~90cm above the proposed boundary at Lawson Cove; this genus is generally regarded as earliest Ordovician. Rhynchonelliform and linguliform brachiopods are common to abundant and are useful for correlation. The FAD of Iapetognathus fluctivagus and occurrences of Jujuyaspis and the Lower Ordovician planktonic graptolite Anisograptus matanensis all occur within a 2.4m interval of strata at a nearby section. Non-biological correlation tools include a detailed sequence stratigraphic classification and a detailed carbon-isotope profile. Especially useful for correlation is a positive \u000213C excursion peak ~15cm below the proposed boundary horizon. All of these correlation tools form an integrated framework that makes the Lawson Cove section especially useful as an ASSP for global correlation of strata with faunas typical of shallow, warm-water, shelly facies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.F., Evans, K.R., Ethington, R.L., Freeman, R., Loch, J.D., Repetski, J.E., Ripperdan, R., and Taylor, J.F., 2016, Proposed Auxiliary Boundary Stratigraphic Section and Point (ASSP) for the base of the Ordovician System at Lawson Cove, Utah, USA: Stratigraphy, v. 12, no. 3 - 4, p. 219-236.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"236","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068560","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/stratigraphy"}],"country":"United 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Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Rebecca","contributorId":173182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27177,"text":"Univ. of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loch, James D.","contributorId":20139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loch","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ripperdan, Robert","contributorId":173183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ripperdan","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27178,"text":"Consultant, Des Peres, Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Taylor, John F.","contributorId":80890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70169140,"text":"ofr20161037 - 2016 - Processing of multichannel seismic reflection data acquired in 2013 for seismic investigations of gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T13:20:22","indexId":"ofr20161037","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1037","title":"Processing of multichannel seismic reflection data acquired in 2013 for seismic investigations of gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>As part of a cooperative effort among the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, two grids of two-dimensional multichannel seismic reflection data were acquired in the Gulf of Mexico over lease blocks Green Canyon 955 and Walker Ridge 313 between April 18 and May 3, 2013. The purpose of the data acquisition was to fill knowledge gaps in an ongoing study of known gas hydrate accumulations in the area. These data were initially processed onboard the recording ship <i>R/V Pelican</i> for more quality control during the recording. The data were subsequently processed in detail by the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado, in two phases. The first phase was to create a &ldquo;kinematic&rdquo; dataset that removed extensive noise present in the data but did not preserve relative amplitudes. The second phase was to create a true relative amplitude dataset that included noise removal and &ldquo;wavelet&rdquo; deconvolution that preserved the amplitude information. This report describes the processing techniques used to create both datasets.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161037","collaboration":"Performed in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.J., Agena, W.F., Haines, S.S., and Hart, P.E., 2016, Processing of multichannel seismic reflection data acquired in 2013 for seismic investigations of gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016‒1037, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161037.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067340","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1037/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319936,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1037/ofr20161037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"30.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1037"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.7,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.7,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              26\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>Box 25046, MS-939<br>Denver Federal Center<br>Denver, CO 80225-0046</p><p><a href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/\">http://energy.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Data Acquisition</li><li>Shipboard Processing</li><li>Noise Analysis and Removal</li><li>Kinematic Stacking and Migration</li><li>Wavelet Deconvolution</li><li>True Relative Amplitude Stacking and Migration</li><li>Comparison of the Processing Results</li><li>Publicly Available, Digital, True Relative Amplitude Data</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Processing applied to navigation data</li><li>Appendix 2. Instructions on how to access the publicly available digitally processed data</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f5f9de4b0ef3b7ca32960","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70169005,"text":"sir20165029 - 2016 - Flood-inundation maps for a 9.1-mile reach of the Coast Fork Willamette River near Creswell and Goshen, Lane County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T15:20:35","indexId":"sir20165029","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5029","title":"Flood-inundation maps for a 9.1-mile reach of the Coast Fork Willamette River near Creswell and Goshen, Lane County, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Digital flood-inundation maps for a 9.1-mile reach of the Coast Fork Willamette River near Creswell and Goshen, Oregon, were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/</a>, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected stages at the USGS streamgage at Coast Fork Willamette River near Goshen, Oregon (14157500), at State Highway 58. Current stage at the streamgage for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation may be obtained at <a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/uv/?site_no=14157500&amp;PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/uv/?site_no=14157500&amp;PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/uv/?site_no=14157500&amp;PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060</a>. In addition, the National Weather Service (NWS) forecasted peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.</p><p>In this study, areas of inundation were provided by USACE. The inundated areas were developed from flood profiles simulated by a one-dimensional unsteady step‑backwater hydraulic model. The profiles were checked by the USACE using documented high-water marks from a January 2006 flood. The model was compared and quality assured using several other methods. The hydraulic model was then used to determine eight water-surface profiles at various flood stages referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from 11.8 to 19.8 ft, approximately 2.6 ft above the highest recorded stage at the streamgage (17.17 ft) since 1950. The intervals between stages are variable and based on annual exceedance probability discharges, some of which approximate NWS action stages.</p><p>The areas of inundation and water depth grids provided to USGS by USACE were used to create interactive flood‑inundation maps. The availability of these maps with current stage from USGS streamgage and forecasted stream stages from the NWS provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post flood recovery efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., and Haluska, T.L., 2016, Flood-inundation maps for a 9.1-mile reach of the Coast Fork Willamette River near Creswell and Goshen, Lane County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5029, 8 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165029.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 8 p.; Metadata","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053101","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319983,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5029/sir20165029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5029 Report PDF"},{"id":319984,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5029/sir20165029_metadata.html"},{"id":319982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5029/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Lane County","city":"Creswell, Goshen","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.98370361328124,\n              44.00318741021592\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.99022674560545,\n              43.9942964557587\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.96688079833984,\n              43.987133329129215\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.99571990966798,\n              43.95649503643676\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.99606323242188,\n              43.914959878503154\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98542022705078,\n              43.914959878503154\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.97683715820312,\n              43.94339481559037\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9813003540039,\n              43.95328204198018\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9541778564453,\n              43.990838502564706\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.97958374023438,\n              43.9965193192732\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9754638671875,\n              44.00219959217852\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98370361328124,\n              44.00318741021592\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_or@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_or@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Oregon Water Science Center<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>2130 SW 5th Avenue<br>Portland, Oregon 97201<br><a href=\"http://or.water.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"http://or.water.usgs.gov\">http://or.water.usgs.gov</a><br></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Water-Surface Profiles and Stage‑Discharge Ratings</li>\n<li>Development of Flood-Inundation Maps</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f5f9ce4b0ef3b7ca32950","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Glen W.","contributorId":19136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haluska, Tana 0000-0001-6307-4769 thaluska@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-4769","contributorId":1708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haluska","given":"Tana","email":"thaluska@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174884,"text":"70174884 - 2016 - A morphological review of subspecies of the Asian box turtle, <i>Cuora amboinensis </i>(Testudines, Geomydidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-20T11:23:14","indexId":"70174884","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A morphological review of subspecies of the Asian box turtle, <i>Cuora amboinensis </i>(Testudines, Geomydidae)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The turtle&nbsp;</span><i><i>Cuora amboinensis</i></i><span>&nbsp;has an extensive distribution covering most of southern mainland Asia, Indonesia, and extending to the Philippine Islands. Unlike many species,&nbsp;</span><i><i>C. amboinensis</i></i><span>&nbsp;occurs on both sides of Wallace's Line separating Asian and Australian flora and fauna. Four subspecies are currently recognized;&nbsp;</span><i><i>Cuora a</i>. kamaroma</i><span>&nbsp;(southern continental Asia, Java and the northern Philippines [introduced]),&nbsp;</span><i><i>C. a</i>. lineata</i><span>&nbsp;(Kachin Province, Myanmar [Burma] and adjacent Yunnan Province, China),&nbsp;</span><i><i>C. a</i>. couro</i><span>&nbsp;(Sumatra, Java, Sumbawa, and adjacent smaller Indonesian islands); and&nbsp;</span><i><i>C. a</i>. amboinensis</i><span>&nbsp;(Moluccas, Sulawesi, Philippines). Five pattern and 33 morphological characters were examined for variation in 691 individuals from throughout the species' range. Our analyses suggest that only two presently recognized subspecies are valid:&nbsp;</span><i>amboinensis</i><span>&nbsp;and</span><i>kamaroma</i><span>. Neither&nbsp;</span><i>couro</i><span>&nbsp;nor&nbsp;</span><i>lineata</i><span>&nbsp;are supported by our analysis. We recommend that&nbsp;</span><i><i>C. a</i>. couro</i><span>should be synonymized with the species&nbsp;</span><i><i>C. amboinensis</i></i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i><i>C. a</i>. lineata</i><span>&nbsp;with the subspecies&nbsp;</span><i><i>C. a</i>. kamaroma</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Biological Society of Washington","doi":"10.2988/0006-324X-129.Q2.144","usgsCitation":"Ernst, C.H., Laemmerzahl, A.F., and Lovich, J.E., 2016, A morphological review of subspecies of the Asian box turtle, <i>Cuora amboinensis </i>(Testudines, Geomydidae): Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 129, p. 144-156, https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-129.Q2.144.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"156","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073944","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science 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Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a176e4b030378fb47413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ernst, Carl H.","contributorId":22277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laemmerzahl, Arndt F.","contributorId":173008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laemmerzahl","given":"Arndt","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":27139,"text":"(AFL) Biology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444, U.S.A","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170264,"text":"70170264 - 2016 - Range expansion of moose in arctic Alaska linked to warming and increased shrub habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-15T09:27:27","indexId":"70170264","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range expansion of moose in arctic Alaska linked to warming and increased shrub habitat","docAbstract":"<p><span>Twentieth century warming has increased vegetation productivity and shrub cover across northern tundra and treeline regions, but effects on terrestrial wildlife have not been demonstrated on a comparable scale. During this period, Alaskan moose (</span><i>Alces alces gigas</i><span>) extended their range from the boreal forest into tundra riparian shrub habitat; similar extensions have been observed in Canada (</span><i>A</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>andersoni</i><span>) and Eurasia (</span><i>A</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>alces</i><span>). Northern moose distribution is thought to be limited by forage availability above the snow in late winter, so the observed increase in shrub habitat could be causing the northward moose establishment, but a previous hypothesis suggested that hunting cessation triggered moose establishment. Here, we use recent changes in shrub cover and empirical relationships between shrub height and growing season temperature to estimate available moose habitat in Arctic Alaska c. 1860. We estimate that riparian shrubs were approximately 1.1 m tall c. 1860, greatly reducing the available forage above the snowpack, compared to 2 m tall in 2009. We believe that increases in riparian shrub habitat after 1860 allowed moose to colonize tundra regions of Alaska hundreds of kilometers north and west of previous distribution limits. The northern shift in the distribution of moose, like that of snowshoe hares, has been in response to the spread of their shrub habitat in the Arctic, but at the same time, herbivores have likely had pronounced impacts on the structure and function of these shrub communities. These northward range shifts are a bellwether for other boreal species and their associated predators.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0152636","collaboration":"UAF","usgsCitation":"Tape, K., Gustine, D.D., Reuss, R.W., Adams, L., and Clark, J.A., 2016, Range expansion of moose in arctic Alaska linked to warming and increased shrub habitat: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152636.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"e0152636","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057050","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152636","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70169859,"text":"sir20165037 - 2016 - Selected low-flow frequency statistics for continuous-record streamgages in Georgia, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:25:07","indexId":"sir20165037","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5037","title":"Selected low-flow frequency statistics for continuous-record streamgages in Georgia, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the annual and monthly minimum 1- and 7-day average streamflows with the 10-year recurrence interval (1Q10 and 7Q10) for 197 continuous-record streamgages in Georgia. Streamgages used in the study included active and discontinued stations having a minimum of 10 complete climatic years of record as of September 30, 2013. The 1Q10 and 7Q10 flow statistics were computed for 85 streamgages on unregulated streams with minimal diversions upstream, 43 streamgages on regulated streams, and 69 streamgages known, or considered, to be affected by varying degrees of diversions upstream. Descriptive information for each of these streamgages, including the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) station number, station name, latitude, longitude, county, drainage area, and period of record analyzed also is presented.</p><p>Kendall’s tau nonparametric test was used to determine the statistical significance of trends in annual and monthly minimum 1-day and 7-day average flows for the 197 streamgages. Significant negative trends in the minimum annual 1-day and 7-day average streamflow were indicated for 77 of the 197 streamgages. Many of these significant negative trends are due to the period of record ending during one of the recent droughts in Georgia, particularly those streamgages with record through the 2013 water year. Long-term unregulated streamgages with 70 or more years of record indicate significant negative trends in the annual minimum 7-day average flow for central and southern Georgia. Watersheds for some of these streamgages have experienced minimal human impact, thus indicating that the significant negative trends observed in flows at the long-term streamgages may be influenced by changing climatological conditions. A Kendall-tau trend analysis of the annual air temperature and precipitation totals for Georgia indicated no significant trends. A comprehensive analysis of causes of the trends in annual and monthly minimum 1-day and 7-day average flows in central and southern Georgia is outside the scope of this study. Further study is needed to determine some of the causes, including both climatological and human impacts, of the significant negative trends in annual minimum 1-day and 7-day average flows in central and southern Georgia.</p><p>To assess the changes in the annual 1Q10 and 7Q10 statistics over time for long-term continuous streamgages with significant trends in record, the annual 1Q10 and 7Q10 statistics were computed on a decadal accumulated basis for 39 streamgages having 40 or more years of record that indicated a significant trend. Records from most of the streamgages showed a decline in 7Q10 statistics for the decades of 1980–89, 1990–99, and 2000–09 because of the recent droughts in Georgia. Twenty four of the 39 streamgages had complete records from 1980 to 2010, and records from 23 of these gages exhibited a decline in the 7Q10 statistics during this period, ranging from –6.3 to –76.2 percent with a mean of –27.3 percent. No attempts were made during this study to adjust streamflow records or statistical analyses on the basis of trends.</p><p>The monthly and annual 1Q10 and 7Q10 flow statistics for the entire period of record analyzed in the study are incorporated into the USGS StreamStatsDB, which is a database accessible to users through the recently released USGS StreamStats application for Georgia. StreamStats is a Web-based geographic information system that provides users with access to an assortment of analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management, and for engineering design applications, such as the design of bridges. StreamStats allows users to easily obtain streamflow statistics, basin characteristics, and other information for user-selected streamgages.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., 2016, Selected low-flow frequency statistics for continuous-record streamgages in Georgia, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5037, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165037. 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p>Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center <br> U.S. Geological Survey <br> 720 Gracern Road <br> Columbia, SC 29210<br> <a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/\">http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction&nbsp;</li>\n<li>Computation of Low-Flow Frequency Statistics</li>\n<li>Statistical Analysis of Trends in Annual and Monthly Minimum N-day Flows</li>\n<li>Effects of Trends on Low-Flow Frequency Statistics</li>\n<li>Access to Updated Low-Flow Characteristics Through StreamStats Application&nbsp;</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Glossary&nbsp;</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f5f9de4b0ef3b7ca3296b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170242,"text":"70170242 - 2016 - Phosphorus removal from aquaculture effluents at the Northeast Fishery Center in Lamar, Pennsylvania using iron oxide sorption media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T11:14:20","indexId":"70170242","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus removal from aquaculture effluents at the Northeast Fishery Center in Lamar, Pennsylvania using iron oxide sorption media","docAbstract":"<p>Three different iron oxide-based sorption media samples were tested for removal of phosphorus (P) from fish hatchery effluents using fixed bed processing. Two of the media samples were derived from residuals produced by the treatment of acid mine drainage, which were then compared to granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), a commercially available sorption medium. All of the media types removed from 50 to 70% of the P from the incoming aquaculture wastewater over 70&ndash;175&nbsp;days of operation without regeneration. In some of the sorption trials, the GFH media showed superior adsorption in the earlier stages of the trial, but the GFH appeared to reach saturation more quickly, so that media performance was similar &ndash; at about 60% removal of P &ndash; over a longer time period of 175&nbsp;days. Media regeneration tests were also conducted for both the commercial and mine drainage media, and demonstrated longer term performance, with overall P removal of 50&ndash;55%, over 223&nbsp;days of total operation, with the advantages of phosphorus recycle and media reuse.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.04.003","collaboration":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Fishery Center, Lamar, Pennsylvania","usgsCitation":"Sibrell, P., and Kehler, T., 2016, Phosphorus removal from aquaculture effluents at the Northeast Fishery Center in Lamar, Pennsylvania using iron oxide sorption media: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 72-73, p. 45-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.04.003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074705","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Elk County","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.0850830078125,\n              41.281934557995356\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.0850830078125,\n              41.60312076451184\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.25561523437499,\n              41.60312076451184\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.25561523437499,\n              41.281934557995356\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.0850830078125,\n              41.281934557995356\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72-73","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f5f9de4b0ef3b7ca3295d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibrell, Philip 0000-0001-5666-1228 psibrell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5666-1228","contributorId":168582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kehler, Thomas","contributorId":168583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kehler","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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