Geographical information system (GIS) techniques were used to investigate the spatial association between metallic mineral sites and lithodiversity in Nevada. Mineral site data sets include various size and type subsets of about 5,500 metal-bearing occurrences and deposits. Lithodiversity was calculated by counting the number of unique geological map units within four sizes of square-shaped sample neighborhoods (2.5-by-2.5, 5-by-5, 10-by-10, and 20-by-20 km) on three different scales of geological maps (national, 1:2,500,000; state, 1:500,000; county, 1:250,000). The spatial association between mineral sites and lithodiversity was observed to increase with increasing lithodiversity. This relationship is consistent for (1) both basin-range and range-only regions, (2) four sizes of sample neighborhoods, (3) various mineral site subsets, (4) the three scales of geological maps, and (5) areas not covered by large-scale maps. A map scale of 1:500,000 and lithodiversity sampling neighborhood of 5-by-5 km was determined to best describe the association. Positive associations occurred for areas having >3 geological map units per neighborhood, with the strongest observed at approximately >7 units. Areas in Nevada with more than three geological map units per 5-by-5 km neighborhood contain more mineral sites than would be expected resulting from chance. High lithodiversity likely reflects the occurrence of complex structural, stratigraphic, and intrusive relationships that are thought to control, focus, localize, or expose mineralization. The application of lithodiversity measurements to areas that are not well explored may help delineate regional-scale exploration targets and provide GIS-supported mineral resource assessment and exploration activity another method that makes use of widely available geological map data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012569225111","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Mihalasky, M., and Bonham-Carter, G.F., 2001, Lithodiversity and its spatial association with metallic mineral sites, Great Basin of Nevada: Natural Resources Research, v. 10, no. 3, p. 209-226, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012569225111.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.30253929528,\n 36.31974362640953\n ],\n [\n -115.9562068978177,\n 36.442506812478015\n ],\n [\n -115.67056236656772,\n 36.891932970588755\n ],\n [\n -115.46182213219298,\n 37.03238787814462\n ],\n [\n -114.79165611656788,\n 37.198841287861526\n ],\n [\n -114.54995689781774,\n 37.48707380681229\n ],\n [\n -114.04458580406789,\n 37.548071719773205\n ],\n [\n -114.01738304528034,\n 42.00743165806438\n ],\n [\n -115.89604515465514,\n 41.999267654974176\n ],\n [\n -116.41240257653014,\n 41.425186214732406\n ],\n [\n -116.84086937340511,\n 41.30150208401204\n ],\n [\n -117.5000490609051,\n 41.991102604355916\n ],\n [\n -120.0159182015303,\n 41.999267654974176\n ],\n [\n -120.00493187340493,\n 38.98094835885698\n ],\n [\n -116.30253929528,\n 36.31974362640953\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4832e4b0c8380cd67cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mihalasky, M.J. 0000-0002-0082-3029","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-3029","contributorId":40759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihalasky","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonham-Carter, G. 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However, because existing topographic and bathymetric data have been collected independently for different purposes, it has been difficult to use them together at the land/water interface owing to differences in format, projection, resolution, accuracy, and datums. As a first step toward solving the problems of integrating diverse coastal datasets, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are collaborating on a joint demonstration project to merge their data for the Tampa Bay region of Florida. The best available topographic and bathymetric data were extracted from the USGS National Elevation Dataset and the NOAA hydrographic survey database, respectively. Before being merged, the topographic and bathymetric datasets were processed with standard geographic information system tools to place them in a common horizontal reference frame. Also, a key part of the preprocessing was transformation to a common vertical reference through the use of VDatum, a new tool created by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey for vertical datum conversions. The final merged product is a seamless topographic/bathymetric model covering the Tampa Bay region at a grid spacing of 1 arc-second. Topographic LIDAR data were processed and merged with the bathymetry to demonstrate the incorporation of recent third party data sources for several test areas. A primary application of a merged topographic/bathymetric elevation model is for user-defined shoreline delineation, in which the user decides on the tidal condition (for example, low or high water) to be superimposed on the elevation data to determine the spatial position of the water line. Such a use of merged topographic/bathymetric data could lead to the development of a shoreline zone, which could reduce redundant mapping efforts by federal, state, and local agencies by allowing them to customize their portrayals of the shoreline using a standard baseline elevation dataset.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.4031/002533201788058062","issn":"00253324","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D., and Wilson, R., 2001, Development of a seamless multisource topographic/bathymetric elevation model of Tampa Bay: Marine Technology Society Journal, v. 35, no. 4, p. 58-64, https://doi.org/10.4031/002533201788058062.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4031/002533201788058062","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0043e4b0c8380cd4f68c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":87098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Robert","contributorId":99425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023453,"text":"70023453 - 2001 - A geostatistical approach to predicting sulfur content in the Pittsburgh coal bed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023453","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geostatistical approach to predicting sulfur content in the Pittsburgh coal bed","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey (USGS) is completing a national assessment of coal resources in the five top coal-producing regions in the US. Point-located data provide measurements on coal thickness and sulfur content. The sample data and their geologic interpretation represent the most regionally complete and up-to-date assessment of what is known about top-producing US coal beds. The sample data are analyzed using a combination of geologic and Geographic Information System (GIS) models to estimate tonnages and qualities of the coal beds. Traditionally, GIS practitioners use contouring to represent geographical patterns of \"similar\" data values. The tonnage and grade of coal resources are then assessed by using the contour lines as references for interpolation. An assessment taken to this point is only indicative of resource quantity and quality. Data users may benefit from a statistical approach that would allow them to better understand the uncertainty and limitations of the sample data. To develop a quantitative approach, geostatistics were applied to the data on coal sulfur content from samples taken in the Pittsburgh coal bed (located in the eastern US, in the southwestern part of the state of Pennsylvania, and in adjoining areas in the states of Ohio and West Virginia). Geostatistical methods that account for regional and local trends were applied to blocks 2.7 mi (4.3 km) on a side. The data and geostatistics support conclusions concerning the average sulfur content and its degree of reliability at regional- and economic-block scale over the large, contiguous part of the Pittsburgh outcrop, but not to a mine scale. To validate the method, a comparison was made with the sulfur contents in sample data taken from 53 coal mines located in the study area. The comparison showed a high degree of similarity between the sulfur content in the mine samples and the sulfur content represented by the geostatistically derived contours. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00035-0","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Watson, W., Ruppert, L., Bragg, L.J., and Tewalt, S., 2001, A geostatistical approach to predicting sulfur content in the Pittsburgh coal bed: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00035-0.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207467,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00035-0"},{"id":232445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e408e4b0c8380cd4636e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, W.D.","contributorId":96730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bragg, L. J.","contributorId":104055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tewalt, S.J.","contributorId":55838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023452,"text":"70023452 - 2001 - The influence of weather on Golden Eagle migration in northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023452","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of weather on Golden Eagle migration in northwestern Montana","docAbstract":"We analyzed the influence of 17 weather factors on migrating Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) near the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. Local weather measurements were recorded at automated stations on the flanks of two peaks within the migration path. During a total of 506 hr of observation, the yearly number of Golden Eagles in autumn counts (1994-96) averaged 1973; spring counts (1995 and 1996) averaged 605 eagles. Mean passage rates (eagles/hr) were 16.5 in autumn and 8.2 in spring. Maximum rates were 137 in autumn and 67 in spring. Using generalized linear modeling, we tested for the effects of weather factors on the number of eagles counted. In the autumn model, the number of eagles increased with increasing air temperature, rising barometric pressure, decreasing relative humidity, and interactions among those factors. In the spring model, the number of eagles increased with increasing wind speed, barometric pressure, and the interaction between these factors. Our data suggest that a complex interaction among weather factors influenced the number of eagles passing on a given day. We hypothesize that in complex landscapes with high topographic relief, such as Glacier National Park, numerous weather factors produce different daily combinations to which migrating eagles respond opportunistically. ?? 2001 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Yates, R., McClelland, B., Mcclelland, P., Key, C., and Bennetts, R., 2001, The influence of weather on Golden Eagle migration in northwestern Montana: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 81-90.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad41e4b08c986b323ab9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, R.E.","contributorId":67252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClelland, B.R.","contributorId":28325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mcclelland, P.T.","contributorId":99336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcclelland","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023449,"text":"70023449 - 2001 - Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023449","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey is building models of the Florida Everglades to be used in managing south Florida surface water flows for habitat restoration and maintenance. Because of the low gradients in the Everglades, vegetation structural characteristics are very important and greatly influence surface water flow and distribution. Vegetation density is being evaluated as an index of surface resistance to flow. Digital multispectral videography (DMSV) has been captured over several sites just before field collection of vegetation data. Linear regression has been used to establish a relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values computed from the DMSV and field-collected biomass and density estimates. Spatial analysis applied to the DMSV data indicates that thematic mapper (TM) resolution is at the limit required to capture land surface heterogeneity. The TM data collected close to the time of the DMSV will be used to derive a regional sawgrass density map.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., 2001, Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 267, p. 507-512.","startPage":"507","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"267","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3878e4b0c8380cd6159b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023445,"text":"70023445 - 2001 - Identifying determinants of nations' wetland management programs using structural equation modeling: An exploratory analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023445","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying determinants of nations' wetland management programs using structural equation modeling: An exploratory analysis","docAbstract":"Integrated management and policy models suggest that solutions to environmental issues may be linked to the socioeconomic and political Characteristics of a nation. In this study, we empirically explore these suggestions by applying them to the wetland management activities of nations. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate a model of national wetland management effort and one of national wetland protection. Using five predictor variables of social capital, economic capital, environmental and political characteristics, and land-use pressure, the multivariate models were able to explain 60% of the variation in nations' wetland protection efforts based on data from 90 nations, as defined by level of participation, in the international wetland convention. Social capital had the largest direct effect on wetland protection efforts, suggesting that increased social development may eventually lead to better wetland protection. In contrast, increasing economic development had a negative linear relationship with wetland protection efforts, suggesting the need for explicit wetland protection programs as nations continue to focus on economic development. Government, environmental characteristics, and land-use pressure also had a positive direct effect on wetland protection, and mediated the effect of social capital on wetland protection. Explicit wetland protection policies, combined with a focus on social development, would lead to better wetland protection at the national level.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002670010194","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., Mendelssohn, I., Reams, M., Templet, P., and Grace, J., 2001, Identifying determinants of nations' wetland management programs using structural equation modeling: An exploratory analysis: Environmental Management, v. 27, no. 6, p. 859-868, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002670010194.","startPage":"859","endPage":"868","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002670010194"},{"id":232327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a384be4b0c8380cd614ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, M.K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":102239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendelssohn, I.A.","contributorId":24317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelssohn","given":"I.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reams, M.A.","contributorId":102240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reams","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Templet, P.H.","contributorId":14609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templet","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023443,"text":"70023443 - 2001 - MODIS land data at the EROS data center DAAC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T16:42:55.214657","indexId":"70023443","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODIS land data at the EROS data center DAAC","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, SD, USA, is the primary national archive for land processes data and one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC) for the Earth Observing System (EOS). One of EDC's functions as a DAAC is the archival and distribution of Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Data collected from the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite Terra. More than 500,000 publicly available MODIS land data granules totaling 25 Terabytes (Tb) are currently stored in the EDC archive. This collection is managed, archived, and distributed by EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Core System (ECS) at EDC. EDC User Services support the use of MODIS Land data, which include land surface reflectance/albedo, temperature/emissivity, vegetation characteristics, and land cover, by responding to user inquiries, constructing user information sites on the EDC web page, and presenting MODIS materials worldwide.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2001)","conferenceDate":"9 July 2001 through 13 July 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, NSW","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","usgsCitation":"Jenkerson, C.B., and Reed, B., 2001, MODIS land data at the EROS data center DAAC, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 5, Sydney, NSW, 9 July 2001 through 13 July 2001, p. 2274-2276.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2274","endPage":"2276","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ae7e4b0c8380cd6912d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkerson, Calli B. 0000-0002-3780-9175","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-9175","contributorId":24958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkerson","given":"Calli","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, B. 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C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023435,"text":"70023435 - 2001 - Habitat fragmentation effects on birds in grasslands and wetlands: A critique of our knowledge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:41:38","indexId":"70023435","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat fragmentation effects on birds in grasslands and wetlands: A critique of our knowledge","docAbstract":"Habitat fragmentation exacerbates the problem of habitat loss for grassland and wetland birds. Remaining patches of grasslands and wetlands may be too small, too isolated, and too influenced by edge effects to maintain viable populations of some breeding birds. Knowledge of the effects of fragmentation on bird populations is critically important for decisions about reserve design, grassland and wetland management, and implementation of cropland set-aside programs that benefit wildlife. In my review of research that has been conducted on habitat fragmentation, I found at least five common problems in the methodology used. The results of many studies are compromised by these problems: passive sampling (sampling larger areas in larger patches), confounding effects of habitat heterogeneity, consequences of inappropriate pooling of data from different species, artifacts associated with artificial nest data, and definition of actual habitat patches. As expected, some large-bodied birds with large territorial requirements, such as the northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), appear area sensitive. In addition, some small species of grassland birds favor patches of habitat far in excess of their territory size, including the Savannah (Passerculus sandwichensis), grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum) and Henslow's (A. henslowii) sparrows, and the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Other species may be area sensitive as well, but the data are ambiguous. Area sensitivity among wetland birds remains unknown since virtually no studies have been based on solid methodologies. We need further research on grassland bird response to habitat that distinguishes supportable conclusions from those that may be artifactual.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525165","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 2001, Habitat fragmentation effects on birds in grasslands and wetlands: A critique of our knowledge: Great Plains Research, v. 11, no. 2, p. 211-231.","startPage":"211","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268123,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/568/"},{"id":232131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f0de4b0c8380cd5ca44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023428,"text":"70023428 - 2001 - Aircraft and runway deicers at General Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. 1. Biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen in receiving streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-12T16:34:44.038896","indexId":"70023428","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aircraft and runway deicers at General Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. 1. Biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen in receiving streams","docAbstract":"Aircraft and runway deicers are used during cold weather at many of the world's airports to facilitate safe air travel. Propylene glycol-, ethylene glycol-, and urea-based deicers are known to have very high biochemical oxygen demand. At General Mitchell International Airport (GMIA) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, deicer application, water chemistry, and dissolved oxygen (DO) data were collected for two deicing seasons in order to evaluate and define premanagement water quality parameters prior to the implementation of a glycol management program. Calculations using stream-monitoring data during a controlled release of deicer provided an estimate of 0.8/d for the first-order decay rate constant, substantially higher than published laboratory test results. For eight precipitation events with deicing activities, between 2.4 and 99% of propylene and ethylene glycol applied to aircraft was delivered directly to receiving streams. The percentage of glycol runoff during an event increased with increasing storm-flow volume. Elevated concentrations of glycol and biochemical oxygen demand were measured downstream from the airport. However, the frequency of low DO concentrations in the receiving streams is comparable with that at an upstream reference site. This is possibly due to slowed bacteria metabolism at low water temperatures, short travel times, and dilution from downstream tributaries.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620200709","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Booth, N., and Hall, D.W., 2001, Aircraft and runway deicers at General Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. 1. Biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen in receiving streams: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1474-1482, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200709.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1474","endPage":"1482","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Milwaukee","otherGeospatial":"General Mitchell International Airport","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.88736343383789,\n 42.929907987457206\n ],\n [\n -87.88187026977539,\n 42.95943765774351\n ],\n [\n -87.88942337036133,\n 42.95931202958201\n ],\n [\n -87.88942337036133,\n 42.96132204938573\n ],\n [\n -87.88787841796875,\n 42.963457623478156\n ],\n [\n -87.88702011108398,\n 42.96697487803267\n ],\n [\n -87.89405822753906,\n 42.96684926526142\n ],\n [\n -87.89749145507812,\n 42.96559312344092\n ],\n [\n -87.89714813232422,\n 42.95943765774351\n ],\n [\n -87.90109634399414,\n 42.95956328564849\n ],\n [\n -87.90332794189453,\n 42.96169892078859\n ],\n [\n -87.9096794128418,\n 42.96207578988295\n ],\n [\n -87.90950775146484,\n 42.948004444683725\n ],\n [\n -87.92375564575195,\n 42.942601198450284\n ],\n [\n -87.92547225952148,\n 42.93782584192321\n ],\n [\n -87.92444229125977,\n 42.93455827932248\n ],\n [\n -87.9180908203125,\n 42.93518667021124\n ],\n [\n -87.91156768798828,\n 42.937951513945265\n ],\n [\n -87.90950775146484,\n 42.93807718571084\n ],\n [\n -87.9100227355957,\n 42.93003367563783\n ],\n [\n -87.90349960327147,\n 42.93015936356198\n ],\n [\n -87.90075302124023,\n 42.92852540054244\n ],\n [\n -87.90006637573242,\n 42.92613722277429\n ],\n [\n -87.8961181640625,\n 42.92601152664274\n ],\n [\n -87.89525985717772,\n 42.93015936356198\n ],\n [\n -87.88736343383789,\n 42.929907987457206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e92ae4b0c8380cd48127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, S.R.","contributorId":76346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, N.L.","contributorId":60815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, D. W.","contributorId":106528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023426,"text":"70023426 - 2001 - Intertidal growth of larval and juvenile lumpfish in maine: A 20-year assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023426","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intertidal growth of larval and juvenile lumpfish in maine: A 20-year assessment","docAbstract":"Larval and juvenile lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus L., were collected and measured over a 20-year period, 1979-1999, from tidepools along the coast of Maine. Using this extensive data base reduces the effects of annual variations in hatching times, early growth patterns, and locale for analyzing monthly size using length measurements. This can provide an effective field measurement of intertidal growth. Most fish were encountered during the months of July and August, and even when adjusted for number of sampling trips, 78% of the juveniles were encountered in tidepools during these months. Based on average lengths, size increased by 23% between June and July, 43% between July and August, and 34% between August and September.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., 2001, Intertidal growth of larval and juvenile lumpfish in maine: A 20-year assessment: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 8, no. 3, p. 347-354.","startPage":"347","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3db3e4b0c8380cd6377d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J.R.","contributorId":29587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024009,"text":"70024009 - 2001 - Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:10:10","indexId":"70024009","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98","docAbstract":"Nitrate (NO3) and other nutrients discharged by the Mississippi River are suspected of causing a zone of depleted dissolved oxygen (hypoxic zone) in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. The hypoxic zone may have an adverse affect on aquatic life and commercial fisheries. The amount of NO3 delivered by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico is well documented, but the relative contributions of different sources of NO3, and the magnitude of subsequent in-stream transformations of NO3, are not well understood. Forty-two water samples collected in 1997 and 1998 at eight stations located either on the Mississippi River or its major tributaries were analysed for NO3, total nitrogen (N), atrazine, chloride concentrations and NO3 stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O). These data are used to assess the magnitude and nature of in-stream N transformation and to determine if the δ15N and δ18O of NO3 provide information about NO3 sources and transformation processes in a large river system (drainage area 2 900 000 km2) that would otherwise be unavailable using concentration and discharge data alone. Results from 42 samples indicate that the δ15N and δ18O ratios between sites on the Mississippi River and its tributaries are somewhat distinctive, and vary with season and discharge rate. Of particular interest are two nearly Lagrangian sample sets, in which samples from the Mississippi River at St Francisville, LA, are compared with samples collected from the Ohio River at Grand Chain, II, and the Mississippi River at Thebes, IL. In both Lagrangian sets, mass-balance calculations indicate only a small amount of in-stream N loss. The stable isotope data from the samples suggest that in-stream N assimilation and not denitrification accounts for most of the N loss in the lower Mississippi River during the spring and early summer months.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.214","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, K., 2001, Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1285-1300, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.214.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1285","endPage":"1300","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.214"},{"id":231711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f546e4b0c8380cd4c14a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023418,"text":"70023418 - 2001 - Topographic controls on the chemistry of subsurface stormflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023418","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic controls on the chemistry of subsurface stormflow","docAbstract":"Models are needed that describe how topography and other watershed characteristics affect the chemical composition of runoff waters, yet little spatially distributed data exist to develop such models. A topographically driven flushing mechanism for nitrate (NO3-) and dissolved organic carbon has been described in recent literature; however, this mechanism has not yet been thoroughly tested. A 24 ha catchment in the Catskill Mountains of New York was clearcut in the winter of 1996-97, resulting in elevated NO3- concentrations in soil water, groundwater and streamflow. We sampled shallow subsurface stormflow (SSSF) and streamflow six times during the spring and summer of 1998, 1 year after the harvest. We used a spatially distributed network of piezometers to investigate the relationship between topography and SSSF chemistry. Several indices of topography were computed, including the commonly employed topographic index of Beven and Kirkby (1979; Hydrological Sciences Bulletin 24: 43-69). Topographic index was positively correlated with NO3- concentrations in SSSF. The strength of the NO3- -topography relationship was best explained by antecedent soil temperature and antecedent precipitation conditions. Results suggest a topographically driven flushing of high NO3- shallow soil at the site during storm events. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.247","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Welsch, D., Kroll, C., McDonnell, J.J., and Burns, D.A., 2001, Topographic controls on the chemistry of subsurface stormflow: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 10, p. 1925-1938, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.247.","startPage":"1925","endPage":"1938","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.247"},{"id":232526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb478e4b08c986b3263b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsch, D.L.","contributorId":70562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsch","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroll, C.N.","contributorId":98916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroll","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023413,"text":"70023413 - 2001 - Regression models for estimating herbicide concentrations in U.S. streams from watershed characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T14:59:29.873017","indexId":"70023413","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models for estimating herbicide concentrations in U.S. streams from watershed characteristics","docAbstract":"Regression models were developed for estimating stream concentrations of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin from use-intensity data and watershed characteristics. Concentrations were determined from samples collected from 45 streams throughout the United States during 1993 to 1995 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA). Separate regression models were developed for each of six percentiles (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th) of the annual distribution of stream concentrations and for the annual time-weighted mean concentration. Estimates for the individual percentiles can be combined to provide an estimate of the annual distribution of concentrations for a given stream. Agricultural use of the herbicide in the watershed was a significant predictor in nearly all of the models. Several hydrologic and soil parameters also were useful in explaining the variability in concentrations of herbicides among the streams. Most of the regression models developed for estimation of concentration percentiles and annual mean concentrations accounted for 50 percent to 90 percent of the variability among streams. Predicted concentrations were nearly always within an order of magnitude of the measured concentrations for the model-development streams, and predicted concentration distributions reasonably matched the actual distributions in most cases. Results from application of the models to streams not included in the model development data set are encouraging, but further validation of the regression approach described in this paper is needed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03644.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Larson, S., and Gilliom, R.J., 2001, Regression models for estimating herbicide concentrations in U.S. streams from watershed characteristics: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 5, p. 1349-1367, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03644.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1349","endPage":"1367","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5cfe4b0e8fec6cdc00a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023409,"text":"70023409 - 2001 - Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T12:20:40","indexId":"70023409","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines","docAbstract":"The objectives of this study were to compare approaches for evaluating the combined effects of chemical mixtures on the toxicity in field-collected sediments and to evaluate the ability of consensus-based probable effect concentrations (PECs) to predict toxicity in a freshwater database on both a national and regional geographic basis. A database was developed from 92 published reports, which included a total of 1,657 samples with high-quality matching sediment toxicity and chemistry data from across North America. The database was comprised primarily of 10- to 14-day or 28- to 42-day toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (designated as the HA10 or HA28 tests) and 10- to 14-day toxicity tests with the midges Chironomus tentans or C. riparius (designated as the CS10 test). Mean PEC quotients were calculated to provide an overall measure of chemical contamination and to support an evaluation of the combined effects of multiple contaminants in sediments. There was an overall increase in the incidence of toxicity with an increase in the mean quotients in all three tests. A consistent increase in the toxicity in all three tests occurred at a mean quotient > 0.5, however, the overall incidence of toxicity was greater in the HA28 test compared to the short-term tests. The longer-term tests, in which survival and growth are measured, tend to be more sensitive than the shorter-term tests, with acute to chronic ratios on the order of six indicated for H. azteca. Different patterns were observed among the various procedures used to calculate mean quotients. For example, in the HA28 test, a relatively abrupt increase in toxicity was associated with elevated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alone or with elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) alone, compared to the pattern of a gradual increase in toxicity observed with quotients calculated using a combination of metals, PAHs, and PCBs. These analyses indicate that the different patterns in toxicity may be the result of unique chemical signals associated with individual contaminants in samples. Though mean quotients can be used to classify samples as toxic or nontoxic, individual quotients might be useful in helping identify substances that may be causing or substantially contributing to the observed toxicity. An increase in the incidence of toxicity was observed with increasing mean quotients within most of the regions, basins, and areas in North America for all three toxicity tests. The results of these analyses indicate that the consensus-based PECs can be used to reliably predict toxicity of sediments on both a regional and national basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010216","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C., MacDonald, D., Wang, N., Crane, J., Field, L., Haverland, P., Kemble, N., Lindskoog, R., Severn, C., and Smorong, D., 2001, Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 8-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010216.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207426,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010216"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81fbe4b0c8380cd7b833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crane, J.L.","contributorId":47947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, L.J.","contributorId":103836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haverland, P.S.","contributorId":34672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haverland","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lindskoog, R.A.","contributorId":91659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskoog","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Severn, C.","contributorId":33189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smorong, D.E.","contributorId":31155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smorong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70023408,"text":"70023408 - 2001 - Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:18:54","indexId":"70023408","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae)","docAbstract":"Six subspecies of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) have been denoted based on perceived morphological and/or breeding locality differences among them. Three subspecies are migratory, breeding from the high arctic in North America and Siberia (lesser sandhill, G. c. canadensis), south through central Canada (Canadian sandhill, G. c. rowani) and into the northern United States (greater sandhill, G. c. tabida). A review of sandhill crane taxonomy indicates that the size variation, on the basis of which these subspecies were named, may be clinal and not diagnostic. The other three subspecies, all listed as endangered or threatened, are non-migratory, resident in Florida (G. c. pratensis), Mississippi (G. c. pulla), and Cuba (G. c. nesiotes). We used analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) sequences to determine whether haplotypes representing current subspecies show any genetic cohesion or are more consistent with a pattern of clinal variation in morphology. CR sequences indicate that only two highly divergent (5.3%) lineages of sandhill cranes occur in North America: one lineage composed only of arctic-nesting G. c. canadensis, the other of the remaining North American subspecies (we lack data on the Cuban population). The deep split between lineages is consistent with an estimated isolation of approximately 1.5 Mya (mid-Pleistocene), while the distribution of mutational changes within lineages is consistent with an hypothesis of rapid, post-Pleistocene population expansions. No other phylogeographic structuring is concordant with subspecific boundaries, however, analysis of molecular variance indicates that there is significant population genetic differentiation among all subspecies except G. c. tabida and G. c. rowani, which are indistinguishable. We suggest that recognition of the recently named G. c. rowani be abandoned.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1012203532300","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Rhymer, J., Fain, M., Austin, J.E., Johnson, D.H., and Krajewski, C., 2001, Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae): Conservation Genetics, v. 2, no. 3, p. 203-218, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012203532300.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"218","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012203532300"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b79e4b0c8380cd6f594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhymer, J.M.","contributorId":87092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhymer","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fain, M.G.","contributorId":98671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fain","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krajewski, C.","contributorId":35679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krajewski","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023405,"text":"70023405 - 2001 - Source parameters for the 1952 Kern County earthquake, California: A joint inversion of leveling and triangulation observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T17:34:31.520448","indexId":"70023405","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source parameters for the 1952 Kern County earthquake, California: A joint inversion of leveling and triangulation observations","docAbstract":"Coseismic leveling and triangulation observations are used to determine the faulting geometry and slip distribution of the July 21, 1952, Mw 7.3 Kern County earthquake on the White Wolf fault. A singular value decomposition inversion is used to assess the ability of the geodetic network to resolve slip along a multisegment fault and shows that the network is sufficient to resolve slip along the surface rupture to a depth of 10 km. Below 10 km, the network can only resolve dip slip near the fault ends. The preferred source model is a two-segment right-stepping fault with a strike of 51° and a dip of 75° SW. The epicentral patch has deep (6–27 km) left-lateral oblique slip, while the northeastern patch has shallow (1–12.5 km) reverse slip. There is nearly uniform reverse slip (epicentral, 1.6 m; northeast, 1.9 m), with 3.6 m of left-lateral strike slip limited to the epicentral patch. The seismic moment is M0 = 9.2 ± 0.5 × 1019 N m (Mw = 7.2). The signal-to-noise ratio of the leveling and triangulation data is reduced by 96% and 49%, respectively. The slip distribution from the preferred model matches regional geomorphic features and may provide a driving mechanism for regional shortening across the Comanche thrust and structural continuity with the Scodie seismic lineament to the northeast.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900315","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bawden, G., 2001, Source parameters for the 1952 Kern County earthquake, California: A joint inversion of leveling and triangulation observations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B1, p. 771-785, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900315.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"785","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900315","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":199,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kern\",\"state\":\"CA\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-120.1945,35.788],[-120.1842,35.789],[-120.1655,35.7891],[-120.1474,35.7887],[-120.0816,35.7886],[-119.9688,35.7896],[-119.852,35.7891],[-119.7618,35.7906],[-119.6472,35.7895],[-119.5395,35.79],[-119.4301,35.7905],[-119.3308,35.7899],[-119.2169,35.7906],[-119.1182,35.7903],[-118.9027,35.789],[-118.6504,35.7897],[-118.6441,35.7896],[-118.5885,35.7897],[-118.5233,35.7892],[-118.4785,35.7915],[-118.4706,35.7919],[-118.4502,35.7908],[-118.2716,35.7896],[-118.2562,35.7894],[-118.2387,35.7897],[-118.2137,35.7894],[-118.1956,35.7896],[-118.1632,35.7893],[-118.0839,35.7865],[-118.0697,35.7859],[-118.009,35.7861],[-117.9234,35.7863],[-117.9249,35.7986],[-117.9005,35.7983],[-117.8738,35.7988],[-117.8523,35.7985],[-117.6362,35.7958],[-117.6355,35.7086],[-117.6537,35.7085],[-117.6527,35.6776],[-117.6176,35.6775],[-117.6166,35.6493],[-117.6353,35.6487],[-117.6354,35.6233],[-117.6352,35.5807],[-117.6356,35.5666],[-117.6351,35.5639],[-117.6346,35.4472],[-117.6352,35.3755],[-117.6353,35.3464],[-117.6351,35.3319],[-117.6343,35.3174],[-117.6341,35.3028],[-117.6345,35.2874],[-117.6343,35.2742],[-117.6341,35.2588],[-117.6339,35.2447],[-117.6342,35.2302],[-117.634,35.2157],[-117.6338,35.2011],[-117.6336,35.1861],[-117.6334,35.1707],[-117.6338,35.1562],[-117.6336,35.1417],[-117.6333,35.1271],[-117.6331,35.1126],[-117.6329,35.098],[-117.6352,35.0981],[-117.636,35.0872],[-117.6358,35.0727],[-117.6356,35.0581],[-117.6357,35.0295],[-117.6361,35.015],[-117.6357,34.985],[-117.6351,34.8233],[-117.6519,34.8227],[-117.6704,34.8221],[-117.7757,34.8229],[-118.1408,34.8195],[-118.1493,34.8195],[-118.5995,34.8175],[-118.8946,34.8181],[-118.8945,34.818],[-118.8825,34.791],[-118.9772,34.7902],[-118.9771,34.8126],[-119.2462,34.8147],[-119.2461,34.857],[-119.2797,34.858],[-119.2779,34.8793],[-119.3844,34.8794],[-119.385,34.884],[-119.3849,34.899],[-119.4382,34.8999],[-119.4438,34.8999],[-119.4544,34.8999],[-119.4571,34.9],[-119.4746,34.9004],[-119.4746,34.9005],[-119.4746,34.9136],[-119.474,34.9367],[-119.474,34.9499],[-119.474,34.9576],[-119.474,34.9721],[-119.4746,35.0184],[-119.4746,35.0325],[-119.4745,35.077],[-119.4908,35.077],[-119.4914,35.092],[-119.5004,35.0915],[-119.5088,35.0906],[-119.5628,35.0883],[-119.5583,35.1369],[-119.5566,35.1601],[-119.5549,35.1791],[-119.5769,35.1787],[-119.6095,35.1773],[-119.6675,35.1749],[-119.6675,35.1908],[-119.6675,35.2049],[-119.6688,35.2617],[-119.7397,35.2629],[-119.7572,35.2633],[-119.7746,35.2633],[-119.8113,35.2641],[-119.8122,35.3508],[-119.8815,35.3501],[-119.8824,35.41],[-119.8824,35.4246],[-119.8831,35.4377],[-119.9999,35.4396],[-120.0007,35.4695],[-120.0171,35.469],[-120.0194,35.4835],[-120.0358,35.4834],[-120.0359,35.497],[-120.0523,35.4974],[-120.053,35.5124],[-120.0699,35.5128],[-120.0711,35.5268],[-120.0875,35.5276],[-120.0876,35.6139],[-120.1951,35.6151],[-120.1947,35.7481],[-120.1942,35.7626],[-120.1945,35.788]]]}}]}","volume":"106","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9337e4b08c986b31a386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bawden, G.W.","contributorId":61139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023400,"text":"70023400 - 2001 - Fine-scale population structure in Atlantic salmon from Maine's Penobscot River drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T12:45:46","indexId":"70023400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale population structure in Atlantic salmon from Maine's Penobscot River drainage","docAbstract":"We report a survey of micro satellite DNA variation in Atlantic salmon from the unimpounded lower reaches of Maine's Penobscot River. Our analysis indicates that Atlantic salmon in the Penobscot River are distinct from other populations that have little or no history of human-mediated repopulation, including two of its tributaries, Cove Brook and Kenduskeag Stream, another Maine river, the Ducktrap, and Canada's Miramichi and Gander rivers. Significant heterogeneity was detected in allele frequency among all three subpopulations sampled in the Penobscot drainage. The high resolution of the 12-locus suite was quantified using maximum likelihood assignment tests, which correctly identified the source of 90.4-96.1% of individuals from within the Penobscot drainage. Current populations are clearly isolated from each other, however we are unable to determine from the present data whether the populations in Cove Brook and Kenduskeag Stream are recently diverged from populations stocked into the Penobscot River over the last century, or are aboriginal in origin. The degree of population structure identified in the Penobscot drainage is noteworthy in light of its lengthy history of systematic restocking, the geographic proximity of the subpopulations, and the extent of the differentiation. Similar population structure on this extremely limited geographic scale could exist among Atlantic salmon runs elsewhere in Maine and throughout the species' range and should be taken into account for future management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1011580217381","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Spidle, A., Bane, S.W., Lubinski, B., and King, T., 2001, Fine-scale population structure in Atlantic salmon from Maine's Penobscot River drainage: Conservation Genetics, v. 2, no. 1, p. 11-24, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011580217381.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207356,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011580217381"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1026e4b0c8380cd53b50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spidle, A.P.","contributorId":93429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spidle","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bane, Schill W.","contributorId":66448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bane","given":"Schill","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lubinski, B.A.","contributorId":58598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023399,"text":"70023399 - 2001 - Measurement of 224Ra and 226Ra activities in natural waters using a radon-in-air monitor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70023399","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of 224Ra and 226Ra activities in natural waters using a radon-in-air monitor","docAbstract":"We report a simple new technique for measuring low-level radium isotopes (224Ra and 226Ra) in natural waters. The radium present in natural waters is first preconcentrated onto MnO2-coated acrylic fiber (Mn fiber) in a column mode. The radon produced from the adsorbed radium is then circulated through a closed air-loop connected to a commercial radon-in-air monitor. The monitor counts alpha decays of radon daughters (polonium isotopes) which are electrostatically collected onto a silicon semiconductor detector. Count data are collected in energy-specific windows, which eliminate interference and maintain very low backgrounds. Radium-224 is measured immediately after sampling via 220Rn (216Po), and 226Ra is measured via 222Rn (218Po) after a few days of ingrowth of 222Rn. This technique is rapid, simple, and accurate for measurements of low-level 224Ra and 226Ra activities without requiring any wet chemistry. Rapid measurements of short-lived 222Rn and 224Ra, along with long-lived 226Ra, may thus be made in natural waters using a single portable system for environmental monitoring of radioactivity as well as tracing of various geochemical and geophysical processes. The technique could be especially useful for the on-site rapid determination of 224Ra which has recently been found to occur at elevated activities in some groundwater wells.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es010804u","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kim, G., Burnett, W.C., Dulaiova, H., Swarzenski, P., and Moore, W., 2001, Measurement of 224Ra and 226Ra activities in natural waters using a radon-in-air monitor: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 23, p. 4680-4683, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010804u.","startPage":"4680","endPage":"4683","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207355,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010804u"},{"id":232246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52efe4b0c8380cd6c787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, G.","contributorId":102237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dulaiova, H.","contributorId":35507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulaiova","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, W.S.","contributorId":90875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023383,"text":"70023383 - 2001 - Paleoclimatic reconstruction using the correlation in δ18O of hackberry carbonate and environmental water, North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T09:29:27","indexId":"70023383","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoclimatic reconstruction using the correlation in δ18O of hackberry carbonate and environmental water, North America","docAbstract":"Celtis sp. (commonly known as “hackberry”) fruits were collected from 101 North American sites located in 13 states and one Canadian province between the years of 1979–1994. The biomineralized carbonate endocarp of the hackberry, which is a common botanical fossil found throughout the Quaternary sediments of the Great Plains, was analyzed for its δ18O value and plotted against the δ18O value of site environmental water to demonstrate the potential of the hackberry as a paleoclimate indicator. This correlation was reinforced by intensive studies on extracted tissue-water δ18O value and hackberry endocarp carbonate δ18O value from three trees in Sterling, Colorado. The observed correlation in the large data set between hackberry endocarp carbonate δ18O value and environmental water is [endocarp δ18O=38.56+0.69×environmental water δ18O] (R=0.88; R2=0.78; p value<0.0001). The relation of the hackberry carbonate to temperature in the Great Plains was the following: (average daily-maximum growing season temperature [°C])=6.33+0.67 (δ18O of endocarp carbonate) (R=0.73; R2=0.54; pvalue=0.0133). The δ18O value of early Holocene fossil hackberry carbonate in the Pintwater Cave, southern Nevada, suggested precipitation δ18O values more positive than today (∼−4‰ early Holocene vs ∼−9 to −10‰ today). This shift, combined with paleobotanical data, suggests an influx of summer monsoonal moisture to this region in the early Holocene. Alternatively, the more positive δ18O values could be viewed as suggestive of warmer temperatures, although the direct use of Great Plains hackberry/temperature relationships to the Great Basin is of debatable value.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/qres.2001.2259","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Jahren, A.H., Amundson, R., Kendall, C., and Wigand, P., 2001, Paleoclimatic reconstruction using the correlation in δ18O of hackberry carbonate and environmental water, North America: Quaternary Research, v. 56, no. 2, p. 252-263, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2259.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"263","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2259"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73cce4b0c8380cd77252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jahren, A. Hope","contributorId":45490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahren","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hope","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Ronald","contributorId":59925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wigand, Peter","contributorId":28777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigand","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023382,"text":"70023382 - 2001 - Some simple guides to finding useful information in exploration geochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T18:52:33.134261","indexId":"70023382","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some simple guides to finding useful information in exploration geochemical data","docAbstract":"Most regional geochemistry data reflect processes that can produce superfluous bits of noise and, perhaps, information about the mineralization process of interest. There are two end-member approaches to finding patterns in geochemical data—unsupervised learning and supervised learning. In unsupervised learning, data are processed and the geochemist is given the task of interpreting and identifying possible sources of any patterns. In supervised learning, data from known subgroups such as rock type, mineralized and nonmineralized, and types of mineralization are used to train the system which then is given unknown samples to classify into these subgroups.
To locate patterns of interest, it is helpful to transform the data and to remove unwanted masking patterns. With trace elements use of a logarithmic transformation is recommended. In many situations, missing censored data can be estimated using multiple regression of other uncensored variables on the variable with censored values.
In unsupervised learning, transformed values can be standardized, or normalized, to a Z-score by subtracting the subset's mean and dividing by its standard deviation. Subsets include any source of differences that might be related to processes unrelated to the target sought such as different laboratories, regional alteration, analytical procedures, or rock types. Normalization removes effects of different means and measurement scales as well as facilitates comparison of spatial patterns of elements. These adjustments remove effects of different subgroups and hopefully leave on the map the simple and uncluttered pattern(s) related to the mineralization only.
Supervised learning methods, such as discriminant analysis and neural networks, offer the promise of consistent and, in certain situations, unbiased estimates of where mineralization might exist. These methods critically rely on being trained with data that encompasses all populations fairly and that can possibly fall into only the identified populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1011552810482","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Singer, D., and Kouda, R., 2001, Some simple guides to finding useful information in exploration geochemical data: Natural Resources Research, v. 10, no. 2, p. 137-147, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011552810482.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"147","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92e8e4b08c986b31a19a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, R.","contributorId":30772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kouda","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023380,"text":"70023380 - 2001 - Major herbicides in ground water: Results from the National Water-Quality Assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T17:19:13.783285","indexId":"70023380","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major herbicides in ground water: Results from the National Water-Quality Assessment","docAbstract":"To improve understanding of the factors affecting pesticide occurrence in ground water, patterns of detection were examined for selected herbicides, based primarily on results from the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The NAWQA data were derived from 2227 sites (wells and springs) sampled in 20 major hydrologic basins across the USA from 1993 to 1995. Results are presented for six high-use herbicides—atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), cyanazine (2-[4-chloro-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis[ethylamino]-s-triazine), alachlor (2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]-N-[methoxymethyl]acetamide), acetochlor (2-chloro-N-[ethoxymethyl]- N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]acetamide), and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]acetamide)— as well as for prometon (2,4-bis[isopropylamino]-6-methoxy-s-triazine), a nonagricultural herbicide detected frequently during the study. Concentrations were <1 μg L−1 at 98% of the sites with detections, but exceeded drinking-water criteria (for atrazine) at two sites. In urban areas, frequencies of detection (at or above 0.01 μg L−1) of atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor in shallow ground water were positively correlated with their nonagricultural use nationwide (P < 0.05). Among different agricultural areas, frequencies of detection were positively correlated with nearby agricultural use for atrazine, cyanazine, alachlor, and metolachlor, but not simazine. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that for these five herbicides, frequencies of detection beneath agricultural areas were positively correlated with their agricultural use and persistence in aerobic soil. Acetochlor, an agricultural herbicide first registered in 1994 for use in the USA, was detected in shallow ground water by 1995, consistent with previous field-scale studies indicating that some pesticides may be detected in ground water within 1 yr following application. The NAWQA results agreed closely with those from other multistate studies with similar designs.
Three alternative gears—an AC electrofishing raft, bankpoles, and a 15-hoop-net set—were used in a standardized manner to sample channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in three prairie streams of varying size in three seasons. We compared these gears as to time required per sample, size selectivity, mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) among months, mean CPUE within months, effect of fluctuating stream stage, and sensitivity to population size. According to these comparisons, the 15-hoop-net set used during stable water levels in October had the most desirable characteristics. Using our catch data, we estimated the precision of CPUE and size structure by varying sample sizes for the 15-hoop-net set. We recommend that 11–15 repetitions of the 15-hoop-net set be used for most management activities. This standardized basic unit of effort will increase the precision of estimates and allow better comparisons among samples as well as increased confidence in management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0188:ASSPFC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Vokoun, J.C., and Rabeni, C.F., 2001, A standardized sampling protocol for channel catfish in prairie streams: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 1, p. 188-197, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0188:ASSPFC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big Creek, Grand River, Yellow Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.2791748046875,\n 39.37677199661635\n ],\n [\n -94.2791748046875,\n 40.250184183819854\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 40.250184183819854\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 39.37677199661635\n ],\n [\n -94.2791748046875,\n 39.37677199661635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5abe4b0c8380cd46ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vokoun, Jason C.","contributorId":173912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vokoun","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023375,"text":"70023375 - 2001 - Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023375","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars","docAbstract":"Based on topographic, morphologic, and stratigraphic evidence, we propose that ancient water-laid sediment is the dominant component of deposits within Hellas Planitia, Mars. Multiple-layered sediment is manifested by alternating benches and scarps visible in Mars orbiting camera narrow-angle (MOC NA) images. Viking Orbiter camera and MOC NA images were used to map contacts and stratigraphically order the different materials units within Hellas. Mars orbiting laser altimeter (MOLA) data reveal that the contacts of these sedimentary units, as well as a number of scarps or other abrupt changes in landscape texture, trace contours of constant elevation for thousands of km, and in one case all around the basin. Channels, consensually interpreted to be cut by water, lead into the basin. MOLA results indicate that the area encompassed by greater Hellas' highest closed contour is nearly one-fifth that of the entire northern plains, making the Hellas \"drainage\" area much larger than previously reported. If lakes formed under climatic conditions similar to the modern Martian climate, they would develop thick ice carapaces, then the lakes would eventually sublimate away. Two units within Hellas exhibit a reticulate or honeycomb pattern, which we speculate are impressions made by lake-lowered ice blocks grounding into initially soft mud.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.2001.6736","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.N., and Wilhelms, D., 2001, Hellas as a possible site of ancient ice-covered lakes on Mars: Icarus, v. 154, no. 2, p. 258-276, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6736.","startPage":"258","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478918,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6736","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6736"},{"id":232442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3046e4b0c8380cd5d4d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023368,"text":"70023368 - 2001 - Seasonal subsidence and rebound in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, observed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T11:25:24","indexId":"70023368","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal subsidence and rebound in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, observed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry","docAbstract":"Analyses of areal variations in the subsidence and rebound occurring over stressed aquifer systems, in conjunction with measurements of the hydraulic head fluctuations causing these displacements, can yield valuable information about the compressibility and storage properties of the aquifer system. Historically, stress‐strain relationships have been derived from paired extensometer/piezometer installations, which provide only point source data. Because of the general unavailability of spatially detailed deformation data, areal stress‐strain relations and their variability are not commonly considered in constraining conceptual and numerical models of aquifer systems. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques can map ground displacements at a spatial scale of tens of meters over 100 km wide swaths. InSAR has been used previously to characterize larger magnitude, generally permanent aquifer system compaction and land subsidence at yearly and longer timescales, caused by sustained drawdown of groundwater levels that produces intergranular stresses consistently greater than the maximum historical stress. We present InSAR measurements of the typically small‐magnitude, generally recoverable deformations of the Las Vegas Valley aquifer system occurring at seasonal timescales. From these we derive estimates of the elastic storage coefficient for the aquifer system at several locations in Las Vegas Valley. These high‐resolution measurements offer great potential for future investigations into the mechanics of aquifer systems and the spatial heterogeneity of aquifer system structure and material properties as well as for monitoring ongoing aquifer system compaction and land subsidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900404","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J., Zebker, H.A., Galloway, D.L., and Amelung, F., 2001, Seasonal subsidence and rebound in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, observed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1551-1566, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900404.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1566","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900404","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Las Vegas Valley","volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88dae4b08c986b316bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, Jorn","contributorId":15693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zebker, Howard A.","contributorId":80401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":124563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}