{"pageNumber":"113","pageRowStart":"2800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16499,"records":[{"id":70168354,"text":"70168354 - 2016 - Body size and condition influence migration timing of juvenile Arctic grayling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T09:55:50","indexId":"70168354","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body size and condition influence migration timing of juvenile Arctic grayling","docAbstract":"<p><span>Freshwater fishes utilising seasonally available habitats within annual migratory circuits time movements out of such habitats with changing hydrology, although individual attributes of fish may also mediate the behavioural response to environmental conditions. We tagged juvenile Arctic grayling in a seasonally flowing stream on the Arctic Coastal Plain in Alaska and recorded migration timing towards overwintering habitat. We examined the relationship between individual migration date, and fork length (FL) and body condition index (BCI) for fish tagged in June, July and August in three separate models. Larger fish migrated earlier; however, only the August model suggested a significant relationship with BCI. In this model, 42% of variability in migration timing was explained by FL and BCI, and fish in better condition were predicted to migrate earlier than those in poor condition. Here, the majority (33%) of variability was captured by FL with an additional 9% attributable to BCI. We also noted strong seasonal trends in BCI reflecting overwinter mass loss and subsequent growth within the study area. These results are interpreted in the context of size and energetic state-specific risks of overwinter starvation and mortality (which can be very high in the Arctic), which may influence individuals at greater risk to extend summer foraging in a risky, yet prey rich, habitat. Our research provides further evidence that heterogeneity among individuals within a population can influence migratory behaviour and identifies potential risks to late season migrants in Arctic beaded stream habitats influenced by climate change and petroleum development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/eff.12199","usgsCitation":"Heim, K.C., Wipfli, M.S., Whitman, M.S., and Seitz, A.C., 2016, Body size and condition influence migration timing of juvenile Arctic grayling: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 25, no. 1, p. 156-166, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12199.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"166","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059954","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ublutuoch River","volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c44829e4b0946c652116c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heim, Kurt C.","contributorId":138832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heim","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seitz, Andrew C.","contributorId":156324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seitz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168373,"text":"70168373 - 2016 - Mercury remediation in wetland sediment using zero-valent iron and granular activated carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-04T14:37:31","indexId":"70168373","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury remediation in wetland sediment using zero-valent iron and granular activated carbon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wetlands are hotspots for production of toxic methylmercury (MeHg) that can bioaccumulate in the food web. The objective of this study was to determine whether the application of zero-valent iron (ZVI) or granular activated carbon (GAC) to wetland sediment could reduce MeHg production and bioavailability to benthic organisms. Field mesocosms were installed in a wetland fringing Hodgdon Pond (Maine, USA), and ZVI and GAC were applied. Pore-water MeHg concentrations were lower in treated compared with untreated mesocosms; however, sediment MeHg, as well as total Hg (THg), concentrations were not significantly different between treated and untreated mesocosms, suggesting that smaller pore-water MeHg concentrations in treated sediment were likely due to adsorption to ZVI and GAC, rather than inhibition of MeHg production. In laboratory experiments with intact vegetated sediment clumps, amendments did not significantly change sediment THg and MeHg concentrations; however, the mean pore-water MeHg and MeHg:THg ratios were lower in the amended sediment than the control. In the laboratory microcosms, snails (</span><i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i><span>) accumulated less MeHg in sediment treated with ZVI or GAC. The study results suggest that both GAC and ZVI have potential for reducing MeHg bioaccumulation in wetland sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.047","usgsCitation":"Lewis, A.S., Huntington, T.G., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., and Amirbahman, A., 2016, Mercury remediation in wetland sediment using zero-valent iron and granular activated carbon: Environmental Pollution, v. 212, p. 366-373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.047.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"373","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067067","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"212","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4482ce4b0946c652116f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Ariel S.","contributorId":166710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Ariel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24494,"text":"Univ. of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amirbahman, Aria","contributorId":44031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amirbahman","given":"Aria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70169998,"text":"70169998 - 2016 - Wetland tree transpiration modified by river-floodplain connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T13:10:03","indexId":"70169998","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-15T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland tree transpiration modified by river-floodplain connectivity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrologic connectivity provisions water and nutrient subsidies to floodplain wetlands and may be particularly important in floodplains with seasonal water deficits through its effects on soil moisture. In this study, we measured sapflow in 26 trees of two dominant floodplain forest species (</span><i>Celtis laevigata</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Quercus lyrata</i><span>) at two hydrologically distinct sites in the lower White River floodplain in Arkansas, USA. Our objective was to investigate how connectivity-driven water table variations affected water use, an indicator of tree function. Meteorological variables (photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit) were the dominant controls over water use at both sites; however, water table variations explained some site differences. At the wetter site, highest sapflow rates were during a late-season overbank flooding event, and no flood stress was apparent. At the drier site, sapflow decreased as the water table receded. The late-season flood pulse that resulted in flooding at the wetter site did not affect the water table at the drier site; accordingly, higher water use was not observed at the drier site. The species generally associated with wetter conditions (</span><i>Q. lyrata</i><span>) was more positively responsive to the flood pulse. Flood water subsidy lengthened the effective growing season, demonstrating ecological implications of hydrologic connectivity for alleviating water deficits that otherwise reduce function in this humid floodplain wetland.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/2015JG003208","usgsCitation":"Allen, S.T., Krauss, K.W., Cochran, J.W., King, S.L., and Keim, R., 2016, Wetland tree transpiration modified by river-floodplain connectivity: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 121, no. 3, p. 753-766, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003208.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"766","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068177","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Wesley","contributorId":168410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochran","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wesley","affiliations":[{"id":25282,"text":"School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keim, Richard F.","contributorId":21858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keim","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70168399,"text":"70168399 - 2016 - Seasonal flows of international British Columbia-Alaska rivers: The nonlinear influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T11:25:31","indexId":"70168399","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-12T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal flows of international British Columbia-Alaska rivers: The nonlinear influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northern portion of the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (PCTR) is one of the least anthropogenically modified regions on earth and remains in many respects a frontier area to science. Rivers crossing the northern PCTR, which is also an international boundary region between British Columbia, Canada and Alaska, USA, deliver large freshwater and biogeochemical fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and establish linkages between coastal and continental ecosystems. We evaluate interannual flow variability in three transboundary PCTR watersheds in response to El Ni&ntilde;o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). Historical hydroclimatic datasets from both Canada and the USA are analyzed using an up-to-date methodological suite accommodating both seasonally transient and highly nonlinear teleconnections. We find that streamflow teleconnections occur over particular seasonal windows reflecting the intersection of specific atmospheric and terrestrial hydrologic processes. The strongest signal is a snowmelt-driven flow timing shift resulting from ENSO- and PDO-associated temperature anomalies. Autumn rainfall runoff is also modulated by these climate modes, and a glacier-mediated teleconnection contributes to a late-summer ENSO-flow association. Teleconnections between AO and freshet flows reflect corresponding temperature and precipitation anomalies. A coherent NPGO signal is not clearly evident in streamflow. Linear and monotonically nonlinear teleconnections were widely identified, with less evidence for the parabolic effects that can play an important role elsewhere. The streamflow teleconnections did not vary greatly between hydrometric stations, presumably reflecting broad similarities in watershed characteristics. These results establish a regional foundation for both transboundary water management and studies of long-term hydroclimatic and environmental change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.10.007","usgsCitation":"Fleming, S.W., Hood, E., Dalhke, H., and O’Neel, S., 2016, Seasonal flows of international British Columbia-Alaska rivers: The nonlinear influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns: Advances in Water Resources, v. 87, p. 42-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.10.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068958","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7pg1n1rj","text":"External Repository"},{"id":317991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -140,\n              55\n            ],\n            [\n              -140,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -125,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -125,\n              55\n            ],\n            [\n              -140,\n              55\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf0231e4b06458514b310f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Sean W.","contributorId":140495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalhke, Helen","contributorId":166741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalhke","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168342,"text":"70168342 - 2016 - Wide-area estimates of evapotranspiration by red gum (<i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>) and associated vegetation in the Murray-Darling River Basin, Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T10:59:08","indexId":"70168342","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wide-area estimates of evapotranspiration by red gum (<i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>) and associated vegetation in the Murray-Darling River Basin, Australia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Floodplain red gum forests (</span><i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i><span>&nbsp;plus associated grasses, reeds and sedges) are sites of high biodiversity in otherwise arid regions of southeastern Australia. They depend on periodic floods from rivers, but dams and diversions have reduced flood frequencies and volumes, leading to deterioration of trees and associated biota. There is a need to determine their water requirements so environmental flows can be administered to maintain or restore the forests. Their water requirements include the frequency and extent of overbank flooding, which recharges the floodplain soils with water, as well as the actual amount of water consumed in evapotranspiration (ET). We estimated the flooding requirements and ET for a 38&thinsp;134&thinsp;ha area of red gum forest fed by the Murrumbidgee River in Yanga National Park, New South Wales. ET was estimated by three methods: sap flux sensors placed in individual trees; a remote sensing method based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index from MODIS satellite imagery and a water balance method based on differences between river flows into and out of the forest. The methods gave comparable estimates yet covered different spatial and temporal scales. We estimated flood frequency and volume requirements by comparing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values from Landsat images with flood history from 1995 to 2014, which included both wet periods and dry periods. ET during wet years is about 50% of potential ET but is much less in dry years because of the trees' ability to control stomatal conductance. Based on our analyses plus other studies, red gum trees at this location require environmental flows of 2000&thinsp;GL&thinsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;every other year, with peak flows of 20&thinsp;000&thinsp;ML&thinsp;d</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>, to produce flooding sufficient to keep them in good condition. However, only about 120&ndash;200&thinsp;GL&thinsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;of river water is consumed in ET, with the remainder flowing out of the forest where it enters the Murray River system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10734","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Doody, T.M., Glenn, E.P., Jarchow, C.J., Barreto-Munoz, A., and Didan, K., 2016, Wide-area estimates of evapotranspiration by red gum (<i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>) and associated vegetation in the Murray-Darling River Basin, Australia: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1376-1387, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10734.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1376","endPage":"1387","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064981","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Murray-Darling River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              143.4814453125,\n              -34.73032697882121\n            ],\n            [\n              143.4814453125,\n              -34.31394984163212\n            ],\n            [\n              144.35623168945312,\n              -34.31394984163212\n            ],\n            [\n              144.35623168945312,\n              -34.73032697882121\n            ],\n            [\n              143.4814453125,\n              -34.73032697882121\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f35e4b08d617f660028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doody, Tanya M.","contributorId":138691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doody","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12494,"text":"CSIRO Land and Water, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarchow, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0424-4104 cjarchow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-4104","contributorId":5813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarchow","given":"Christopher","email":"cjarchow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barreto-Munoz, Armando","contributorId":131000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barreto-Munoz","given":"Armando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7204,"text":"University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Didan, Kamel","contributorId":130999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Didan","given":"Kamel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7204,"text":"University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70168337,"text":"70168337 - 2016 - An empirical assessment of which inland floods can be managed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T10:24:37","indexId":"70168337","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical assessment of which inland floods can be managed","docAbstract":"<p><span>Riverine flooding is a significant global issue. Although it is well documented that the influence of landscape structure on floods decreases as flood size increases, studies that define a threshold flood-return period, above which landscape features such as topography, land cover and impoundments can curtail floods, are lacking. Further, the relative influences of natural versus built features on floods is poorly understood. Assumptions about the types of floods that can be managed have considerable implications for the cost-effectiveness of decisions to invest in transforming land cover (e.g., reforestation) and in constructing structures (e.g., storm-water ponds) to control floods. This study defines parameters of floods for which changes in landscape structure can have an impact. We compare nine flood-return periods across 31 watersheds with widely varying topography and land cover in the southeastern United States, using long-term hydrologic records (&ge;20 years). We also assess the effects of built flow-regulating features (best management practices and artificial water bodies) on selected flood metrics across urban watersheds. We show that landscape features affect magnitude and duration of only those floods with return periods &le;10 years, which suggests that larger floods cannot be managed effectively by manipulating landscape structure. Overall, urban watersheds exhibited larger (270&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s) but quicker (0.41 days) floods than non-urban watersheds (50&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s and 1.5 days). However, urban watersheds with more flow-regulating features had lower flood magnitudes (154&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s), but similar flood durations (0.55 days), compared to urban watersheds with fewer flow-regulating features (360&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s and 0.23 days). Our analysis provides insight into the magnitude, duration and count of floods that can be curtailed by landscape structure and its management. Our findings are relevant to other areas with similar climate, topography, and land use, and can help ensure that investments in flood management are made wisely after considering the limitations of landscape features to regulate floods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.044","usgsCitation":"Mogollon, B., Frimpong, E.A., Hoegh, A.B., and Angermeier, P.L., 2016, An empirical assessment of which inland floods can be managed: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 167, p. 38-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.044.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060039","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f2ce4b08d617f65ffe0","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.044","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.044","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Mogollón Beatriz, Frimpong Emmanuel A., Hoegh Andrew B., Angermeier Paul L.","journalName":"Journal of Environmental Management","publicationDate":"2/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mogollon, Beatriz","contributorId":166682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mogollon","given":"Beatriz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35590,"text":"USAID/USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frimpong, Emmanuel A.","contributorId":79372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpong","given":"Emmanuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoegh, Andrew B.","contributorId":166684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoegh","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168340,"text":"70168340 - 2016 - An index of floodplain surface complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T09:52:47","indexId":"70168340","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-10T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An index of floodplain surface complexity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Floodplain surface topography is an important component of floodplain ecosystems. It is the primary physical template upon which ecosystem processes are acted out, and complexity in this template can contribute to the high biodiversity and productivity of floodplain ecosystems. There has been a limited appreciation of floodplain surface complexity because of the traditional focus on temporal variability in floodplains as well as limitations to quantifying spatial complexity. An index of floodplain surface complexity (FSC) is developed in this paper and applied to eight floodplains from different geographic settings. The index is based on two key indicators of complexity, variability in surface geometry (VSG) and the spatial organisation of surface conditions (SPO), and was determined at three sampling scales. FSC, VSG, and SPO varied between the eight floodplains and these differences depended upon sampling scale. Relationships between these measures of spatial complexity and seven geomorphological and hydrological drivers were investigated. There was a significant decline in all complexity measures with increasing floodplain width, which was explained by either a power, logarithmic, or exponential function. There was an initial rapid decline in surface complexity as floodplain width increased from 1.5 to 5 km, followed by little change in floodplains wider than 10 km. VSG also increased significantly with increasing sediment yield. No significant relationships were determined between any of the four hydrological variables and floodplain surface complexity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/hess-20-431-2016","usgsCitation":"Scown, M.W., Thoms, M.C., and De Jager, N.R., 2016, An index of floodplain surface complexity: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 20, p. 431-441, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-431-2016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"441","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064127","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-431-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc5f2de4b08d617f65ffe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scown, Murray W.","contributorId":145709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scown","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24492,"text":"Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, University of New England, Armidale, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thoms, Martin C. 0000-0002-8074-0476","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-0476","contributorId":145710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoms","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16205,"text":"Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, University of New England, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125 ndejager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":3717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"ndejager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70164477,"text":"70164477 - 2016 - Spatial and temporal variation in microcystins occurrence in wadeable streams in the southeastern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:32:00","indexId":"70164477","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-08T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in microcystins occurrence in wadeable streams in the southeastern USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite historical observations of potential microcystin-producing cyanobacteria (including </span><i>Leptolyngbya</i><span>,</span><i>Phormidium</i><span>, </span><i>Pseudoanabaena</i><span>, and </span><i>Anabaena</i><span> species) in 74% of headwater streams in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina (USA) from 1993 to 2011, fluvial cyanotoxin occurrence has not been systematically assessed in the southeastern United States. To begin to address this data gap, a spatial reconnaissance of fluvial microcystin concentrations was conducted in 75 wadeable streams in the Piedmont region (southeastern USA) during June 2014. Microcystins were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (limit = 0.10 µg/L) in 39% of the streams with mean, median, and maximum detected concentrations of 0.29 µg/L, 0.11 µg/L, and 3.2 µg/L, respectively. Significant (α = 0.05) correlations were observed between June 2014 microcystin concentrations and stream flow, total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio, and water temperature; but each of these factors explained 38% or less of the variability in fluvial microcystins across the region. Temporal microcystin variability was assessed monthly through October 2014 in 5 of the streams where microcystins were observed in June and in 1 reference location; microcystins were repeatedly detected in all but the reference stream. Although microcystin concentrations in the present study did not exceed World Health Organization recreational guidance thresholds, their widespread occurrence demonstrates the need for further investigation of possible in-stream environmental health effects as well as potential impacts on downstream lakes and reservoirs. </span><i>Environ Toxicol Chem</i><span> 2016;9999:1–7. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/etc.3391","usgsCitation":"Loftin, K.A., Clark, J.M., Journey, C.A., Kolpin, D.W., Van Metre, P., and Bradley, P.M., 2016, Spatial and temporal variation in microcystins occurrence in wadeable streams in the southeastern USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 9, p. 2281-2287, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3391.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2281","endPage":"2287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069266","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VQ30RM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Periphyton (1993-2011) 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kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. pcvanmet@usgs.gov","contributorId":486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70174139,"text":"70174139 - 2016 - Invertebrates in managed waterfowl marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T15:55:45","indexId":"70174139","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Invertebrates in managed waterfowl marshes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Invertebrates are an important food for breeding, migrating, and wintering waterfowl. Sparse study has been devoted to understanding the influence of waterfowl and wetland management on production of invertebrates for waterfowl foods; however, manipulation of hydrology and soils may change or enhance production. Fish can compete with waterfowl for invertebrate forage in wetlands and harm aquatic macrophytes; biomanipulation (e.g., stocking piscivores) may improve waterfowl habitat quality. Similarly, some terrestrial vertebrates (e.g., beaver (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Castor canadensis</i><span>)) may positively or negatively impact invertebrate communities in waterfowl habitats. Various challenges exist to wetland management for invertebrates for waterfowl, but the lack of data on factors influencing production may be the most limiting.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invertebrates in freshwater wetlands: an international perspective on their ecology","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0","usgsCitation":"Stafford, J.D., Janke, A.K., Webb, E.B., and Chipps, S.R., 2016, Invertebrates in managed waterfowl marshes, chap. <i>of</i> Invertebrates in freshwater wetlands: an international perspective on their ecology, p. 565-600, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"600","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066622","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb1e4b07657d1a90cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janke, Adam K. 0000-0003-2781-7857","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-7857","contributorId":130959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janke","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7176,"text":"Dept of Natl Res Mgmt, SDSU, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70161832,"text":"sir20155188 - 2016 - Water balance monitoring for two bioretention gardens in Omaha, Nebraska, 2011–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T08:27:29","indexId":"sir20155188","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-05T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5188","title":"Water balance monitoring for two bioretention gardens in Omaha, Nebraska, 2011–14","docAbstract":"<p>Bioretention gardens are used to help mitigate stormwater runoff in urban settings in an attempt to restore the hydrologic response of the developed land to a natural predevelopment response in which more water is infiltrated rather than routed directly to urban drainage networks. To better understand the performance of bioretention gardens in facilitating infiltration of stormwater in eastern Nebraska, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Douglas County Environmental Services and the Nebraska Environmental Trust, assessed the water balance of two bioretention gardens located in Omaha, Nebraska by monitoring the amount of stormwater entering and leaving the gardens. One garden is on the Douglas County Health Center campus, and the other garden is on the property of the Eastern Nebraska Office on Aging.</p><p>For the Douglas County Health Center, bioretention garden performance was evaluated on the basis of volume reduction by comparing total inflow volume to total outflow volume. The bioretention garden reduced inflow volumes from a minimum of 33 percent to 100 percent (a complete reduction in inflow volume) depending on the size of the event. Although variable, the percent reduction of the inflow volume tended to decrease with increasing total event rainfall. To assess how well the garden reduces stormwater peak inflow rates, peak inflows were plotted against peak outflows measured at the bioretention garden. Only 39 of the 255 events had any overflow, indicating 100 percent peak reduction in the other events. Of those 39 events having overflow, the mean peak reduction was 63 percent.</p><p>No overflow events were recorded at the bioretention garden at the Eastern Nebraska Office on Aging; therefore, data were not available for an event-based overflow analysis.Monitoring period summary of the water balance at both bio-retention gardens indicates that most of the stormwater in the bioretention gardens is stored in the subsurface.</p><p>Evapotranspiration was attributed to a small percentage of the outputs on an annual basis (3 percent at Douglas County Health Center site and 5 percent at Eastern Nebraska Office onAging site), which indicates that vegetative water uptake is not a primary factor in the water budget.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County Environmental Services and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Strauch, K.R., Rus, D.L., Holm, K.E., 2016, Water balance monitoring for two bioretention gardens in Omaha, Nebraska, 2011–14, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Report 2015–5188, 19 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155188.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066874","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TS1H1R","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water Balance Monitoring Data for Two Biorentention Gardens in Omaha, Nebraska 2011-17"},{"id":315021,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5188/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":315022,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5188/sir20155188.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5188"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Douglas County","city":"Omaha","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96,\n              41.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              41.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.9,\n              41.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.9,\n              41.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              41.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, USGS Nebraska Water Science Center<br> 5231 South 19th Street<br> Lincoln, Nebraska 68512</p><p><a href=\"http://ne.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://ne.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ne.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Water Balance Monitoring</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5c7a8e4b0cc7999810d4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holm, Kent E.","contributorId":156289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holm","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70164413,"text":"70164413 - 2016 - Dietary uptake of Cu sorbed to hydrous iron oxide is linked to cellular toxicity and feeding inhibition in a benthic grazer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:09:29","indexId":"70164413","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-03T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary uptake of Cu sorbed to hydrous iron oxide is linked to cellular toxicity and feeding inhibition in a benthic grazer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Whereas feeding inhibition caused by exposure to contaminants has been extensively documented, the underlying mechanism(s) are less well understood. For this study, the behavior of several key feeding processes, including ingestion rate and assimilation efficiency, that affect the dietary uptake of Cu were evaluated in the benthic grazer&nbsp;</span><i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i><span>&nbsp;following 4&ndash;5 h exposures to Cu adsorbed to synthetic hydrous ferric oxide (Cu&ndash;HFO). The particles were mixed with a cultured alga to create algal mats with Cu exposures spanning nearly 3 orders of magnitude at variable or constant Fe concentrations, thereby allowing first order and interactive effects of Cu and Fe to be evaluated. Results showed that Cu influx rates and ingestion rates decreased as Cu exposures of the algal mat mixture exceeded 10</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;nmol/g. Ingestion rate appeared to exert primary control on the Cu influx rate. Lysosomal destabilization rates increased directly with Cu influx rates. At the highest Cu exposure where the incidence of lysosomal membrane damage was greatest (51%), the ingestion rate was suppressed 80%. The findings suggested that feeding inhibition was a stress response emanating from excessive uptake of dietary Cu and cellular toxicity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b04755","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M.N., Fuller, C.C., and Ringwood, A.H., 2016, Dietary uptake of Cu sorbed to hydrous iron oxide is linked to cellular toxicity and feeding inhibition in a benthic grazer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 3, p. 1552-1560, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04755.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1552","endPage":"1560","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071269","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b324aae4b0cc79997f04da","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b04755","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04755","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Cain Daniel J., Croteau Marie-Noële, Fuller Christopher C., Ringwood Amy H.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"2/2/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ringwood, Amy H.","contributorId":156285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ringwood","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168424,"text":"70168424 - 2016 - PHT3D-UZF: A reactive transport model for variably-saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T13:13:35","indexId":"70168424","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PHT3D-UZF: A reactive transport model for variably-saturated porous media","docAbstract":"<p>A modified version of the MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based reactive transport model PHT3D was developed to extend current reactive transport capabilities to the variably-saturated component of the subsurface system and incorporate diffusive reactive transport of gaseous species. Referred to as PHT3D-UZF, this code incorporates flux terms calculated by MODFLOW's unsaturated-zone flow (UZF1) package. A volume-averaged approach similar to the method used in UZF-MT3DMS was adopted. The PHREEQC-based computation of chemical processes within PHT3D-UZF in combination with the analytical solution method of UZF1 allows for comprehensive reactive transport investigations (i.e., biogeochemical transformations) that jointly involve saturated and unsaturated zone processes. Intended for regional-scale applications, UZF1 simulates downward-only flux within the unsaturated zone. The model was tested by comparing simulation results with those of existing numerical models. The comparison was performed for several benchmark problems that cover a range of important hydrological and reactive transport processes. A 2D simulation scenario was defined to illustrate the geochemical evolution following dewatering in a sandy acid sulfate soil environment. Other potential applications include the simulation of biogeochemical processes in variably-saturated systems that track the transport and fate of agricultural pollutants, nutrients, natural and xenobiotic organic compounds and micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, as well as the evolution of isotope patterns.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Water Well Journal Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Worthington, OH","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12318","usgsCitation":"Wu, M.Z., Post, V., Salmon, S.U., Morway, E.D., and Prommer, H., 2016, PHT3D-UZF: A reactive transport model for variably-saturated porous media: Ground Water, v. 54, no. 1, p. 23-34, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12318.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057960","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/2a7c3f99-f753-479d-b8b1-b53d62f37a78","text":"External Repository"},{"id":317994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf105ae4b06458514b6933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Ming Zhi","contributorId":166763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Ming","email":"","middleInitial":"Zhi","affiliations":[{"id":24500,"text":"School of Earth and Environment, Univ. of Western Austrailia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, Vincent E. A.","contributorId":166764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"Vincent E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":24501,"text":"National Centre for Groundwater Reserach and Training, Flinders Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salmon, S. Ursula","contributorId":166765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmon","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ursula","affiliations":[{"id":24500,"text":"School of Earth and Environment, Univ. of Western Austrailia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morway, Eric D. 0000-0002-8553-6140 emorway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-6140","contributorId":4320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric","email":"emorway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prommer, H.","contributorId":12264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prommer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70168703,"text":"70168703 - 2016 - Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: Finding the common ground","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:54:00","indexId":"70168703","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1468,"text":"Ecology and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: Finding the common ground","docAbstract":"<p>Management actions to protect endangered species and conserve ecosystem function may not always be in precise alignment. Efforts to recover the California Ridgway&rsquo;s Rail (<i>Rallus obsoletus obsoletus</i>; hereafter, California rail), a federally and state-listed species, and restoration of tidal marsh ecosystems in the San Francisco Bay estuary provide a prime example of habitat restoration that has conflicted with species conservation. On the brink of extinction from habitat loss and degradation, and non-native predators in the 1990s, California rail populations responded positively to introduction of a non-native plant, Atlantic cordgrass (<i>Spartina alterniflora</i>). California rail populations were in substantial decline when the non-native Spartina was initially introduced as part of efforts to recover tidal marshes. Subsequent hybridization with the native Pacific cordgrass (<i>Spartina foliosa</i>) boosted California rail populations by providing greater cover and increased habitat area. The hybrid cordgrass (<i>S. alterniflora</i> &times; <i>S. foliosa</i>) readily invaded tidal mudflats and channels, and both crowded out native tidal marsh plants and increased sediment accretion in the marsh plain. This resulted in modification of tidal marsh geomorphology, hydrology, productivity, and species composition. Our results show that denser California rail populations occur in invasive <i>Spartina</i> than in native <i>Spartina</i> in San Francisco Bay. Herbicide treatment between 2005 and 2012 removed invasive <i>Spartina</i> from open intertidal mud and preserved foraging habitat for shorebirds. However, removal of invasive Spartina caused substantial decreases in California rail populations. Unknown facets of California rail ecology, undesirable interim stages of tidal marsh restoration, and competing management objectives among stakeholders resulted in management planning for endangered species or ecosystem restoration that favored one goal over the other. We have examined this perceived conflict and propose strategies for moderating harmful effects of restoration while meeting the needs of both endangered species and the imperiled native marsh ecosystem.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ES-08134-210119","usgsCitation":"Casazza, M.L., Overton, C.T., Bui, T.D., Hull, J.M., Albertson, J.D., Bloom, V.K., Bobzien, S., McBroom, J., Latta, M., Olofson, P., Rohmer, T.M., Schwarzbach, S.E., Strong, D., Grijalva, E., Wood, J.K., Skalos, S., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2016, Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: Finding the common ground: Ecology and Society, v. 21, no. 1, Article 19; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08134-210119.","productDescription":"Article 19; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071474","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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Jennifer","contributorId":167185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBroom","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24635,"text":"Invasive Spartina Project","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Latta, Marilyn","contributorId":167186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latta","given":"Marilyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24636,"text":"California State Coastal Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Olofson, Peggy","contributorId":167187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olofson","given":"Peggy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24637,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rohmer, Tobias M.","contributorId":167188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohmer","given":"Tobias","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24638,"text":"Invasive Spartina Project; Olofson Environmental Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schwarzbach, Steven E. steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":1025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"Steven","email":"steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Strong, Donald R.","contributorId":17933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"Donald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Grijalva, Erik","contributorId":167189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grijalva","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wood, Julian K.","contributorId":167190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17734,"text":"Point Blue Conservation Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Skalos, Shannon 0000-0003-1229-8580 sskalos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1229-8580","contributorId":167191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalos","given":"Shannon","email":"sskalos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70188368,"text":"70188368 - 2016 - Lithospheric rheology constrained from twenty-five years of postseismic deformation following the 1989 Mw 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:21:27","indexId":"70188368","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Lithospheric rheology constrained from twenty-five years of postseismic deformation following the 1989 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake","title":"Lithospheric rheology constrained from twenty-five years of postseismic deformation following the 1989 Mw 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake","docAbstract":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: left;\">The October 17, 1989 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake provides the first opportunity of probing the crustal and upper mantle rheology in the San Francisco Bay Area since the 1906 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.9 San Francisco earthquake. Here we use geodetic observations including GPS and InSAR to characterize the Loma Prieta earthquake postseismic displacements from 1989 to 2013. Pre-earthquake deformation rates are constrained by nearly 20 yr of USGS trilateration measurements and removed from the postseismic measurements prior to the analysis. We observe GPS horizontal displacements at mean rates of 1–4 mm/yr toward Loma Prieta Mountain until 2000, and ∼2 mm/yr surface subsidence of the northern Santa Cruz Mountains between 1992 and 2002 shown by InSAR, which is not associated with the seasonal and longer-term hydrological deformation in the adjoining Santa Clara Valley. Previous work indicates afterslip dominated in the early (1989–1994) postseismic period, so we focus on modeling the postseismic viscoelastic relaxation constrained by the geodetic observations after 1994. The best fitting model shows an elastic 19-km-thick upper crust above an 11-km-thick viscoelastic lower crust with viscosity of ∼6 × 10<sup>18</sup> Pas, underlain by a viscous upper mantle with viscosity between 3 × 1018 and 2 × 10<sup>19</sup> Pas. The millimeter-scale postseismic deformation does not resolve the viscosity in the different layers very well, and the lower-crustal relaxation may be localized in a narrow shear zone. However, the inferred lithospheric rheology is consistent with previous estimates based on post-1906 San Francisco earthquake measurements along the San Andreas fault system. The viscoelastic relaxation may also contribute to the enduring increase of aseismic slip and repeating earthquake activity on the San Andreas fault near San Juan Bautista, which continued for at least a decade after the Loma Prieta event.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.018","usgsCitation":"Huang, M., Burgmann, R., and Pollitz, F., 2016, Lithospheric rheology constrained from twenty-five years of postseismic deformation following the 1989 Mw 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 435, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.018.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","ipdsId":"IP-068757","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United states","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              37.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25,\n              37.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25,\n              36.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              36.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              37.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"435","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910ade4b0764e6c5e8863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Mong-Han","contributorId":192699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Mong-Han","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland","contributorId":192700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162657,"text":"sir20155158 - 2016 - Water quality and hydrology of Silver Lake, Oceana County, Michigan, with emphasis on lake response to nutrient loading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:35:15","indexId":"sir20155158","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-29T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5158","title":"Water quality and hydrology of Silver Lake, Oceana County, Michigan, with emphasis on lake response to nutrient loading","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1>\n<p>Silver Lake is a 672-acre inland lake located in Oceana County, Michigan, and is a major tourist destination due to its proximity to Lake Michigan and the surrounding outdoor recreational opportunities. In recent years, Silver Lake exhibited patterns of high phosphorus concentrations, elevated chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentrations, and nuisance algal blooms. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Silver Lake Improvement Board and in collaboration with the Annis Water Resources Institute (AWRI) of Grand Valley State University, designed a study to assess the hydrologic and nutrient inputs to Silver Lake in order to identify the events and conditions that affect the nutrient chemistry and production of algal blooms in the lake. This information can inform water-resource managers in developing various management strategies to prevent or reduce the occurrence of future algal blooms.</p>\n<p>USGS and AWRI scientists collected data from November 2012 to December 2014 to provide information for future management decisions for Silver Lake. Silver Lake can be classified as a polymictic lake and has a residence time of approximately 223 days. Based on the mean lake Secchi depth, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen concentrations, Silver Lake is classified as a eutrophic lake. In-situ bioassay results indicate that algal growth in Silver Lake is colimited by both nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutrient budget for Silver Lake was calculated using the BATHTUB model based on 2 years of water-quality data collection. The BATHTUB model, developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, treats the lake as a well-mixed system with multiple inputs and outlets for both water and dissolved constituents, such as nutrients.</p>\n<p>Based on results of the BATHTUB model, which were conditioned on observed concentrations and flows, the mean annual input of phosphorus to Silver Lake was approximately 1,342 pounds (lb); the mean annual input of nitrogen to Silver Lake was approximately 51,998 lb. The major measured sources of phosphorus loading to Silver Lake were groundwater and Hunter Creek, whereas the major measured sources of nitrogen to Silver Lake were Hunter Creek, groundwater, and atmospheric deposition. The largest loading of phosphorus and nitrogen to Silver Lake occurred during the spring. Minimal phosphorus deposition (if any) occurred in the lakebed sediment; however, of the nitrogen that entered Silver Lake, approximately 42.2 percent was deposited in the lakebed sediment as simulated by the BATHTUB model.</p>\n<p>In addition to measured sources, a septic load model was used to estimate the likely range of septic contribution to groundwater and adjacent surface waters. The likely septic loading scenario estimates that septic systems contribute 47.8 percent of the phosphorus to groundwater and 22.3 percent of phosphorus to Hunter Creek. These results indicate that septic systems are a major source of phosphorus loading to Silver Lake. The likely septic loading scenario indicated that septic systems account for 0.95 percent of the nitrogen load to Hunter Creek and 1.1 percent of the contribution of nitrogen to groundwater.</p>\n<p>The BATHTUB model was used to estimate future nutrient loading and eutrophication scenarios based on water-quality data collected from Silver Lake, groundwater, major tributaries, and atmospheric deposition. A separate septic load model was used to estimate the septic contribution to groundwater or directly to surface water, and the nutrient load estimates were modeled using the BATHTUB model to determine subsequent water-quality changes to Silver Lake.</p>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li>BATHTUB model scenarios based on measured data:</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li>The first BATHTUB scenario evaluated the condition of Silver Lake and the change to lake water quality (trophic status) as a result of changes in nutrient loading from different sources. Based on BATHTUB model simulations, if groundwater loading of phosphorus and nitrogen only were decreased by 75 percent, and all of the other nutrient inputs stayed the same, the future condition of Silver Lake would most likely remain highly mesotrophic to eutrophic (the current [2014] condition of Silver Lake). If nutrient loading continued to increase in groundwater, the lake would continue to remain eutrophic with more frequent algal blooms. If nutrient loading from Hunter Creek only decreased by 50&ndash;75 percent, and all of the other nutrient inputs stayed the same as the baseline dataset, Silver Lake would remain eutrophic to highly mesotrophic. By reducing the input of manageable nutrient sources (Hunter Creek, groundwater, and lawn runoff) by 75 percent, the BATHTUB model simulation indicates that Silver Lake would be classified as mesotrophic, which is indicative of improved water quality, water clarity, and reduced algal bloom frequency.</li>\n<li>Simulations also were run using the BATHTUB model to evaluate the number of days Silver Lake could experience algal blooms (algal blooms are defined as modeled chlorophyll <i>a</i> in excess of 10 micrograms per liter [&micro;g/L]) as a result of an increase/decrease in phosphorus and nitrogen loading from groundwater, Hunter Creek, and (or) a combination of sources. If the phosphorus and nitrogen loading from Hunter Creek is decreased (and all other sources are not altered), Silver Lake will continue to experience algal blooms, but less frequently than what is currently experienced. The same scenario holds true if the nutrient loading from groundwater is decreased. Another scenario was simulated using a combination of sources, which includes increases and decreases in phosphorus and nitrogen loading from sources that are the most likely to be managed, and includes groundwater (as a result of conversion of household septic to sewers), Hunter Creek (conversion of household septic to sewers), and lawn runoff. Results of the BATHTUB model indicated that a 50-percent reduction of phosphorus and nitrogen from these sources would result in a considerable decrease in algal bloom frequency (from 231 to 132 days) and severity, and a 75-percent reduction would greatly reduce algal bloom occurrence on Silver Lake (from 231 to 57 days).</li>\n</ul>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>BATHTUB model scenarios based on septic load model:</li>\n<ul>\n<li>A scenario also was conducted using the BATHTUB model to simulate the conversion of septic to sewer and included a low, high, and medium (likely) scenario of nutrient loading to Silver Lake. Simulations of the BATHTUB model indicated that, under the likely scenario, the conversion of all onsite septic treatment to sewers would result in an overall change in lake trophic status from eutrophic to mesotrophic, thereby reducing the frequency of algal blooms and algal bloom intensity on Silver Lake (chlorophyll <i>a</i> &gt;10 &micro;g/L, from 231 to 184 days per year, or chlorophyll a &gt;20 &micro;g/L, from 80 to 49 days per year).</li>\n</ul>\n</ul>\n</ul>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Silver Lake Improvement Board","usgsCitation":"Brennan, A.K., Hoard, C.J., Duris, J.W., Ogdahl, M.E., and Steinman, A.D., 2015, Water quality and hydrology of Silver Lake, Oceana County, Michigan, with Emphasis on lake response to nutrient loading, 2012–14. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5158, 75 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155158.","productDescription":"xii, 75 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062273","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5158/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":315030,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5158/sir20155158.pdf","text":"Report","size":"43.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5158"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Oceana County","otherGeospatial":"Silver Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.50016784667969,\n              43.70734532390574\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.47733688354492,\n              43.7028779055427\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.46669387817383,\n              43.69977533580068\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.45862579345703,\n              43.693942070030545\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.45021438598633,\n              43.683763524273346\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.44712448120117,\n              43.67730794174066\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.4455795288086,\n              43.6666298770785\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.44918441772461,\n              43.65843379478084\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.45725250244139,\n              43.652969118285434\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.47167205810547,\n              43.646261790183424\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.49003982543945,\n              43.64116868896908\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.50720596313477,\n              43.64005063334694\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.5228271484375,\n              43.639677943516006\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.53329849243164,\n              43.640299091949906\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.5422248840332,\n              43.64390162623238\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.54016494750977,\n              43.65806121899918\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.53123855590819,\n              43.67693548309422\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.52111053466797,\n              43.688853013063195\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.50840759277344,\n              43.70238150517333\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.50016784667969,\n              43.70734532390574\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_mi@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Michigan Water Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> 6520 Mercantile Way Suite 5<br /> Lansing, MI 48911&ndash;5991<br /> <a href=\"http://mi.water.usgs.gov/\">http://mi.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Executive Summary</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Study Methods and Sampling Sites</li>\n<li>Lake Water-Quality Characteristics</li>\n<li>Hydrology: Sources of Water and Nutrients</li>\n<li>Nutrient Load Modeling</li>\n<li>Summary and Conclusions</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix 1. Estimation of Streamflow at Silver Lake Dam</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix 2. Additional Data Collected</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix 3. Quantification of Groundwater Flow to Silver Lake</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac8d2be4b0403299f4d482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Angela K. akbrennan@usgs.gov","contributorId":152662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Angela K.","email":"akbrennan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X cjhoard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":191767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"cjhoard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ogdahl, Mary E.","contributorId":152664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogdahl","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":18955,"text":"Annis Water Resources Institute-GVSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steinman, Alan D.","contributorId":71868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70162466,"text":"70162466 - 2016 - The Lassen hydrothermal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T09:32:26","indexId":"70162466","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Lassen hydrothermal system","docAbstract":"<p>The active Lassen hydrothermal system includes a central vapor-dominated zone or zones beneath the Lassen highlands underlain by ~240 &deg;C high-chloride waters that discharge at lower elevations. It is the best-exposed and largest hydrothermal system in the Cascade Range, discharging 41 &plusmn; 10 kg/s of steam (~115 MW) and 23 &plusmn; 2 kg/s of high-chloride waters (~27 MW). The Lassen system accounts for a full 1/3 of the total high-temperature hydrothermal heat discharge in the U.S. Cascades (140/400 MW). Hydrothermal heat discharge of ~140 MW can be supported by crystallization and cooling of silicic magma at a rate of ~2400 km<sup>3</sup>/Ma, and the ongoing rates of heat and magmatic CO<sub>2</sub> discharge are broadly consistent with a petrologic model for basalt-driven magmatic evolution. The clustering of observed seismicity at ~4&ndash;5 km depth may define zones of thermal cracking where the hydrothermal system mines heat from near-plastic rock. If so, the combined areal extent of the primary heat-transfer zones is ~5 km<sup>2</sup>, the average conductive heat flux over that area is &gt;25 W/m<sup>2</sup>, and the conductive-boundary length &lt;50 m. Observational records of hydrothermal discharge are likely too short to document long-term transients, whether they are intrinsic to the system or owe to various geologic events such as the eruption of Lassen Peak at 27 ka, deglaciation beginning ~18 ka, the eruptions of Chaos Crags at 1.1 ka, or the minor 1914&ndash;1917 eruption at the summit of Lassen Peak. However, there is a rich record of intermittent hydrothermal measurement over the past several decades and more-frequent measurement 2009&ndash;present. These data reveal sensitivity to climate and weather conditions, seasonal variability that owes to interaction with the shallow hydrologic system, and a transient 1.5- to twofold increase in high-chloride discharge in response to an earthquake swarm in mid-November 2014.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2138/am-2016-5456","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Bergfeld, D., Clor, L., and Evans, W.C., 2016, The Lassen hydrothermal system: American Mineralogist, v. 101, p. 343-354, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5456.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"354","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065939","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471298,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5456","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":315024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315023,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/2016/index.html?issue_number=02"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Volcanic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.7,\n              40.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7,\n              40.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2,\n              40.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2,\n              40.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7,\n              40.3\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac8d2ae4b0403299f4d476","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergfeld, Deborah 0000-0003-4570-7627 dbergfel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-7627","contributorId":152531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"Deborah","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clor, Laura 0000-0003-2633-5100 lclor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-5100","contributorId":150878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clor","given":"Laura","email":"lclor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70155909,"text":"70155909 - 2016 - Will it rise or will it fall? Managing the complex effects of urbanization on base flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T11:18:17","indexId":"70155909","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Will it rise or will it fall? Managing the complex effects of urbanization on base flow","docAbstract":"<p>Sustaining natural levels of base flow is critical to maintaining ecological function as stream catchments are urbanized. Research shows a variable response of stream base flow to urbanization, with base flow or water tables rising in some locations, falling in others, or elsewhere remaining constant. The variable baseflow response is due to the array of natural (e.g., physiographic setting and climate) and anthropogenic (e.g., urban development and infrastructure) factors that influence hydrology. Perhaps as a consequence of this complexity, few simple tools exist to assist managers to predict baseflow change in their local urban area. This paper addresses this management need by presenting a decision support tool. The tool considers the natural vulnerability of the landscape, together with aspects of urban development in predicting the likelihood and direction of baseflow change. Where the tool identifies a likely increase or decrease it guides managers toward strategies that can reduce or increase groundwater recharge, respectively. Where the tool finds an equivocal result, it suggests a detailed water balance be performed. The decision support tool is embedded within an adaptive-management framework that encourages managers to define their ecological objectives, assess the vulnerability of their ecological objectives to changes in water table height, and monitor baseflow responses to urbanization. We trial our framework using two very different case studies: Perth, Western Australia, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Together, these studies show how pre-development water table height, climate and geology together with aspects of urban infrastructure (e.g., stormwater practices, leaky pipes) interact such that urbanization has overall led to rising base flow (Perth) and falling base flow (Baltimore). Greater consideration of subsurface components of the water cycle will help to protect and restore the ecology of urban freshwaters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/685084","usgsCitation":"Bhaskar, A., Beesley, L., Burns, M.J., Fletcher, T.D., Hamel, P., Oldham, C., and Roy, A.H., 2016, Will it rise or will it fall? Managing the complex effects of urbanization on base flow: Freshwater Science, v. 35, no. 1, p. 293-310, https://doi.org/10.1086/685084.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"310","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064036","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/685084","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, United States","state":"Maryland, Western Australia","city":"Baltimore, Perth","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.79855346679688,\n              39.12153746241925\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.79855346679688,\n              39.41073305508498\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.41403198242188,\n              39.41073305508498\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.41403198242188,\n              39.12153746241925\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.79855346679688,\n              39.12153746241925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              114.9609375,\n              -32.43561304116276\n            ],\n            [\n              114.9609375,\n              -30.939924331023445\n            ],\n            [\n              116.993408203125,\n              -30.939924331023445\n            ],\n            [\n              116.993408203125,\n              -32.43561304116276\n            ],\n            [\n              114.9609375,\n              -32.43561304116276\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab3bb3e4b07ca61bfe3bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhaskar, Aditi abhaskar@usgs.gov","contributorId":146249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhaskar","given":"Aditi","email":"abhaskar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beesley, Leah","contributorId":146250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beesley","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16644,"text":"Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Matthew J.","contributorId":146251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16645,"text":"Waterway Ecosystem Research Group, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, T. D.","contributorId":146252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16646,"text":"Waterway Ecosystem Research Group, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley 3121, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamel, Perrine","contributorId":146253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamel","given":"Perrine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16647,"text":"Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oldham, Carolyn","contributorId":146254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldham","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16648,"text":"School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Clayton 3800, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70160085,"text":"sir20155171 - 2016 - Surface-water quality and suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River Basin, southeastern Missouri, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T11:13:05","indexId":"sir20155171","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5171","title":"Surface-water quality and suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River Basin, southeastern Missouri, 2011-13","docAbstract":"<p>Missouri was the leading producer of lead in the United States&mdash;as well as the world&mdash;for more than a century. One of the lead sources is known as the Old Lead Belt, located in southeast Missouri. The primary ore mineral in the region is galena, which can be found both in surface deposits and underground as deep as 200 feet. More than 8.5 million tons of lead were produced from the Old Lead Belt before operations ceased in 1972. Although active lead mining has ended, the effects of mining activities still remain in the form of large mine waste piles on the landscape typically near tributaries and the main stem of the Big River, which drains the Old Lead Belt. Six large mine waste piles encompassing more than 2,800 acres, exist within the Big River Basin. These six mine waste piles have been an available source of trace element-rich suspended sediments transported by natural erosional processes downstream into the Big River.</p>\n<p>A study was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7, to calculate and characterize suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River basin after reclamation of the mine waste piles ended in 2012. Streamflow and suspended sediments were quantified and sampled at two locations along a 68-mile reach of the Big River between Bonne Terre and Byrnes Mill, Missouri. The results will help regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, determine impaired reaches and ecosystems for remedial and restoration efforts.</p>\n<p>Continuous stream stage, water temperature, and turbidity, and discrete suspended-sediment concentration data were collected at the two sites between October 2011 and September 2013. Suspended-sediment samples were collected during various hydrologic conditions to develop a regression model between discrete suspended-sediment concentration and continuous turbidity. Suspended sediments collected during stormflow events were analyzed for concentrations of trace elements such as barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc within two sediment size fractions. Event loads and annual loads of suspended sediment and select trace elements in suspended sediments also were calculated.</p>\n<p>Suspended-sediment loads computed by the regression model increased downstream from about 201,000 tons at the upstream site to about 355,000 tons at the downstream site during the study period. Stormflow-event-based (hereinafter referred to as &ldquo;event-based&rdquo;) suspended-sediment loads ranged from 180 to 32,000 tons at the upstream sampling site and 390 to 53,000 tons at the downstream site along the Big River. Although only seven stormflow events at the upstream site and six at the downstream site were sampled, the event-based suspended-sediment loads accounted for nearly 30 percent of the total suspended-sediment loads computed at both sites, indicating most of the suspended sediment transported through the Big River occurs during higher streamflows.</p>\n<p>Sediment quality guidelines, known as the threshold effect concentration and the probable effect concentration, used to assess toxicity of trace-element concentrations in sediments were compared to the cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in suspended sediment samples collected during stormflow events. All concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in event-based suspended sediment samples exceeded the threshold and probable effect concentrations. Lead and zinc concentrations in the sediment size fraction less than 0.063 millimeters also exceeded the toxic effect threshold, above which sediment is considered to be heavily polluted causing adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of cadmium and zinc in event-based suspended sediment samples were notably higher in samples from the upstream site than samples from the downstream site, indicating the sources of sediments enriched in these trace elements decrease in the downstream area of the watershed. The reduction in concentration of cadmium and zinc could be from dissolution of the constituents during transport or possibly a decrease in downstream source material. The lead concentration exceedance of the probable effects concentration as well as the threshold effects concentration indicates that lead-rich suspended sediments in the fraction less than 0.063 millimeters are readily available within the Big River Basin for transport. These sediments remain in the system from historical mining, and as the reclamation of mine waste piles in the upstream area of the watershed reduce additional sediment loadings, these fine sediments may be continually&nbsp;released as the river scours the streambed and erodes stream banks causing the lead-rich suspended sediment to remain in a state of equilibrium.</p>\n<p>Barium concentrations in suspended-sediments were nearly twice as high in stormflow event samples collected at the downstream site as compared to samples from the upstream site. The source of barium in the Big River could be from Mineral Fork and Mill Creek, which flow through the historical barite (barium sulfate, also known as tiff) mining district in Washington County, and discharge into the Big River between the two study sites.</p>\n<p>Total trace-element loads and yields in suspended sediments were computed from the sampled events for each year in the study. The total barium loads in suspended sediments were higher for sampled events collected at the downstream site than the upstream site during both study years. Cadmium and zinc loads in suspended sediments were lower at the downstream site than the upstream site, although the decrease in total load was not substantial during the study period. Lead loads in suspended sediments were lower at the downstream site during the first study year, with a slightly higher load downstream in the second year though the increase from upstream to downstream was small. Event-based yields were higher at the upstream site, indicating that readily available sediment sources are closer to the upstream site where more mining affected areas are located. The estimates determined during large precipitation events indicate that large sources of suspended sediments with large concentrations of trace elements are still available for transport within the Big River.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7","usgsCitation":"Barr, M.N., 2016, Surface-water quality and suspended-sediment quantity and quality within the Big River Basin, southeastern Missouri, 2011–13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5171, 39 p.,  https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155171.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-065903","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science 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,{"id":70158929,"text":"ofr20151197 - 2016 - Ecological requirements for pallid sturgeon reproduction and recruitment in the Missouri River—Annual report 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T15:16:34","indexId":"ofr20151197","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1197","title":"Ecological requirements for pallid sturgeon reproduction and recruitment in the Missouri River—Annual report 2013","docAbstract":"<p>The Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project is a multiyear, multiagency collaborative research framework developed to provide information to support pallid sturgeon recovery and Missouri River management decisions. The project strategy integrates field and laboratory studies of pallid sturgeon reproductive ecology, early life history, habitat requirements, and physiology. The project scope of work is developed annually with collaborating research partners and in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery&mdash;Integrated Science Program. The research consists of several interdependent and complementary tasks that engage multiple disciplines.</p>\n<p>The research tasks in the 2013 scope of work emphasized understanding reproductive migrations and spawning of adult pallid sturgeon, and hatch and drift of free embryos and larvae. These tasks were addressed in four study sections located in three hydrologically and geomorphologically distinct parts of the Missouri River Basin: the Upper Missouri River downstream from Fort Peck Dam, including downstream reaches of the Milk River, the Lower Yellowstone River, and the Lower Missouri River downstream from Gavins Point Dam. The research is designed to inform management decisions related to channel re-engineering, flow modification, and pallid sturgeon population augmentation on the Missouri River, and throughout the range of the species. Research and progress made through this project are reported to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers annually. This annual report details the research effort and progress made by the Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project during 2013.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery–Integrated Science Program U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yankton, South Dakota","usgsCitation":"DeLonay, A.J., Jacobson, R.B., Chojnacki, K.A., Braaten, P.J., Buhl, K.J., Eder, B.L., Elliott, C.M., Erwin, S.O., Fuller,\nD.B., Haddix, T.M., Ladd, H.L.A., Mestl, G.E., Papoulias, D.M., Rhoten, J.C., Wesolek, C.J., and Wildhaber, M.L., 2016,\nEcological requirements for pallid sturgeon reproduction and recruitment in the Missouri River—Annual report 2013:\nU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1197, 99 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151197.","productDescription":"xi, 99 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          [\n              -92.8125,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7578125,\n              37.82280243352756\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.42822265625,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.63720703125,\n              38.805470223177466\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center <br />4200 New Haven Road <br />Columbia, MO 65201</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.cerc.usgs.gov/\">http://www.cerc.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project 2013 Scope of Work</li>\n<li>Hydroclimatic Conditions During 2013</li>\n<li>Task 1. Movement, Habitat Use, and Reproduction of Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River</li>\n<li>Task 2. Reproduction, Habitat Use, and Early Life Stage Dynamics of Pallid Sturgeon in the Yellowstone River</li>\n<li>Task 3. Examination of Pallid Sturgeon Use, Migrations and Spawning in the Milk River and Missouri River below Fort Peck Dam during 2013</li>\n<li>Task 5: Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program Synthesis&mdash;Towards Understanding Population Trends of Pallid Sturgeon and Other Targeted Species</li>\n<li>Task 6: Hatch, Dispersal and Settling Behavior of Early Life-Stage Pallid Sturgeon from Egg Through First Feeding</li>\n<li>Summary and Conclusions</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20139e4b0961cf2811bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J. 0000-0002-3752-2799 adelonay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":2725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"adelonay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chojnacki, Kimberly A. 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kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eder, Brandon L","contributorId":149097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eder","given":"Brandon L","affiliations":[{"id":17640,"text":"Nebraska Game and Parks Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elliott, Caroline M. 0000-0002-9190-7462 celliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-7462","contributorId":2380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Caroline","email":"celliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia 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,{"id":70159834,"text":"ds974 - 2016 - Modeled streamflow metrics on small, ungaged stream reaches in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T11:54:31","indexId":"ds974","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-21T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"974","title":"Modeled streamflow metrics on small, ungaged stream reaches in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Modeling streamflow is an important approach for understanding landscape-scale drivers of flow and estimating flows where there are no streamgage records. In this study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Colorado State University, the objectives were to model streamflow metrics on small, ungaged streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin and identify streams that are potentially threatened with becoming intermittent under drier climate conditions. The Upper Colorado River Basin is a region that is critical for water resources and also projected to experience large future climate shifts toward a drying climate. A random forest modeling approach was used to model the relationship between streamflow metrics and environmental variables. Flow metrics were then projected to ungaged reaches in the Upper Colorado River Basin using environmental variables for each stream, represented as raster cells, in the basin. Last, the projected random forest models of minimum flow coefficient of variation and specific mean daily flow were used to highlight streams that had greater than 61.84 percent minimum flow coefficient of variation and less than 0.096 specific mean daily flow and suggested that these streams will be most threatened to shift to intermittent flow regimes under drier climate conditions. Map projection products can help scientists, land managers, and policymakers understand current hydrology in the Upper Colorado River Basin and make informed decisions regarding water resources. With knowledge of which streams are likely to undergo significant drying in the future, managers and scientists can plan for stream-dependent ecosystems and human water users.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds974","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State University","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, L.V., and Shafroth, P.B., 2016, Modeled streamflow metrics on small, ungaged stream reaches in the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 974, 11 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds974.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070136","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438644,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H9938M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Modeled Streamflow Metrics on Small, Ungaged Stream Reaches in the Upper Colorado River Basin"},{"id":314550,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7H9938M","text":"Geospatial Data"},{"id":314505,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0974/ds974.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 974"},{"id":314503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0974/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.79638671875,\n              35.47856499535729\n            ],\n            [\n              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/>2150 Centre Avenue, Building C <br />Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118<br /><a href=\"https://www.fort.usgs.gov/\">https://www.fort.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Study Area</li>\n<li>Methods</li>\n<li>Results and Data Products</li>\n<li>Disclaimers</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>Accompanying Data Products</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a2013ce4b0961cf2811bb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Lindsay V.","contributorId":141182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170348,"text":"70170348 - 2016 - Can pore-clogging by ash explain post-fire runoff?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-18T15:45:37","indexId":"70170348","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can pore-clogging by ash explain post-fire runoff?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ash plays an important role in controlling runoff and erosion processes after wildfire and has frequently been hypothesised to clog soil pores and reduce infiltration. Yet evidence for clogging is incomplete, as research has focussed on identifying the presence of ash in soil; the actual flow processes remain unknown. We conducted laboratory infiltration experiments coupled with microscope observations in pure sands, saturated hydraulic conductivity analysis, and interaction energy calculations, to test whether ash can clog pores (i.e. block pores such that infiltration is hampered and ponding occurs). Although results confirmed previous observations of ash washing into pores, clogging was not observed in the pure sands tested, nor were conditions found for which this does occur. Clogging by means of strong attachment of ash to sand was deemed unlikely given the negative surface charge of the two materials. Ponding due to washing in of ash was also considered improbable given the high saturated conductivity of pure ash and ash&ndash;sand mixtures. This first mechanistic step towards analysing ash transport and attachment processes in field soils therefore suggests that pore clogging by ash is unlikely to occur in sands. Discussion is provided on other mechanisms by which ash can affect post-fire hydrology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Fire Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Roslyn, WA","doi":"10.1071/WF15037","usgsCitation":"Stoof, C.R., Gevaert, A.I., Baver, C., Hassanpour, B., Morales, V.L., Zhang, W., Martin, D.A., Giri, S.K., and Steenhuis, T.S., 2016, Can pore-clogging by ash explain post-fire runoff?: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 25, no. 3, p. 294-305, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF15037.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067418","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30k1c66k","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57160531e4b0ef3b7ca91fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoof, Cathelijne R.","contributorId":168663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoof","given":"Cathelijne","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gevaert, Anouk I.","contributorId":168664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gevaert","given":"Anouk","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baver, Christine","contributorId":168665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baver","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hassanpour, Bahareh","contributorId":168666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassanpour","given":"Bahareh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morales, Veronica L.","contributorId":168667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morales","given":"Veronica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25347,"text":"Abertay University, Dundee, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Wei","contributorId":168668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25348,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Giri, Shree K.","contributorId":168670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giri","given":"Shree","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Steenhuis, Tammo S.","contributorId":7985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhuis","given":"Tammo","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70162269,"text":"70162269 - 2016 - Ecological relevance of current water quality assessment unit designations in impaired rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-20T12:11:42","indexId":"70162269","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological relevance of current water quality assessment unit designations in impaired rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Managers often nest sections of water bodies together into assessment units (AUs) to monitor and assess water quality criteria. Ideally, AUs represent an extent of waters with similar ecological, watershed, habitat and land-use conditions and no overlapping characteristics with other waters. In the United States, AUs are typically based on political or hydrologic boundaries rather than on ecologically relevant features, so it can be difficult to detect changes in impairment status. Our goals were to evaluate if current AU designation criteria of an impaired water body in southeastern Idaho, USA that, like many U.S. waters, has three-quarters of its mainstem length divided into two AUs. We focused our evaluation in southeastern Idaho's Portneuf River, an impaired river and three-quarters of the river is divided into two AUs. We described biological and environmental conditions at multiple reaches within each AU. We used these data to (1) test if variability at the reach-scale is greater within or among AUs and, (2) to evaluate alternate AU boundaries based on multivariate analyses of reach-scale data. We found that some biological conditions had greater variability within an AU than between AUs. Multivariate analyses identified alternative, 2- and 3-group, AUs that reduced this variability. Our results suggest that the current AU designations in the mainstem Portneuf River contain ecologically distinct sections of river and that the existing AU boundaries should be reconsidered in light of the ecological conditions measured at the reach scale. Variation in biological integrity within designated AUs may complicate water quality and biological assessments, influence management decisions or affect where monitoring or mitigation resources are directed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.043","usgsCitation":"Layhee, M.J., Sepulveda, A.J., Ray, A., Mladenka, G., and Van Every, L., 2016, Ecological relevance of current water quality assessment unit designations in impaired rivers: Science of the Total Environment, v. 536, p. 198-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.043.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"205","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064737","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Portneuf River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.61810302734375,\n              42.60465241823049\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.61810302734375,\n              42.98355351219673\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.92047119140624,\n              42.98355351219673\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.92047119140624,\n              42.60465241823049\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.61810302734375,\n              42.60465241823049\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"536","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0aface4b0961cf280dbf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Layhee, Megan J. 0000-0003-1359-1455 mlayhee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-1455","contributorId":3955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layhee","given":"Megan","email":"mlayhee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam J. 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ray, Andrew","contributorId":101972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mladenka, Greg","contributorId":116680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladenka","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Every, Lynn","contributorId":127352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Every","given":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":6912,"text":"Idaho Department of Environmental Quality","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70162285,"text":"70162285 - 2016 - Sediment supply versus local hydraulic controls on sediment transport and storage in a river with large sediment loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T16:14:53","indexId":"70162285","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment supply versus local hydraulic controls on sediment transport and storage in a river with large sediment loads","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Rio Grande in the Big Bend region of Texas, USA, and Chihuahua and Coahuila, Mexico, undergoes rapid geomorphic changes as a result of its large sediment supply and variable hydrology; thus, it is a useful natural laboratory to investigate the relative importance of flow strength and sediment supply in controlling alluvial channel change. We analyzed a suite of sediment transport and geomorphic data to determine the cumulative influence of different flood types on changing channel form. In this study, physically based analyses suggest that channel change in the Rio Grande is controlled by both changes in flow strength and sediment supply over different spatial and temporal scales. Channel narrowing is primarily caused by substantial deposition of sediment supplied to the Rio Grande during tributary-sourced flash floods. Tributary floods have large suspended-sediment concentrations, occur for short durations, and attenuate rapidly downstream in the Rio Grande, depositing much of their sediment in downstream reaches. Long-duration floods on the mainstem have the capacity to enlarge the Rio Grande, and these floods, released from upstream dams, can either erode or deposit sediment in the Rio Grande depending upon the antecedent in-channel sediment supply and the magnitude and duration of the flood. Geomorphic and sediment transport analyses show that the locations and rates of sand erosion and deposition during long-duration floods are most strongly controlled by spatial changes in flow strength, largely through changes in channel slope. However, spatial differences in the in-channel sediment supply regulate sediment evacuation or accumulation over time in long reaches (greater than a kilometer).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of Geophysical Research","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003436","usgsCitation":"Dean, D.J., Topping, D.J., Schmidt, J.C., Griffiths, R.E., and Sabol, T.A., 2016, Sediment supply versus local hydraulic controls on sediment transport and storage in a river with large sediment loads: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 121, no. 1, p. 82-110, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003436.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062345","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003436","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.5623779296875,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5623779296875,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.6947021484375,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.6947021484375,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5623779296875,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0afafe4b0961cf280dbfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, David J. 0000-0003-0203-088X djdean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-088X","contributorId":131047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"David","email":"djdean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":140985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffiths, Ronald E. 0000-0003-3620-2926 rgriffiths@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-2926","contributorId":162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Ronald","email":"rgriffiths@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sabol, Thomas A. 0000-0002-4299-2285 tsabol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-2285","contributorId":3403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"Thomas","email":"tsabol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70169965,"text":"70169965 - 2016 - Isotopic composition of inorganic mercury and methylmercury downstream of a historical gold mining region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:08:45","indexId":"70169965","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-20T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of inorganic mercury and methylmercury downstream of a historical gold mining region","docAbstract":"<p><span>We measured total mercury (THg) and monomethyl mercury (MMHg) concentrations and mercury (Hg) isotopic compositions in sediment and aquatic organisms from the Yuba River (California, USA) to identify Hg sources and biogeochemical transformations downstream of a historical gold mining region. Sediment THg concentrations and &delta;</span><span>202</span><span>Hg decreased from the upper Yuba Fan to the lower Yuba Fan and the Feather River. These results are consistent with the release of Hg during gold mining followed by downstream mixing and dilution. The Hg isotopic composition of Yuba Fan sediment (&delta;</span><sup><span>202</span></sup><span>Hg = &minus;0.38 &plusmn; 0.17&permil; and &Delta;</span><sup><span>199</span></sup><span>Hg = 0.04 &plusmn; 0.03&permil;; mean &plusmn; 1 SD,&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 7) provides a fingerprint of inorganic Hg (IHg) that could be methylated locally or after transport downstream. The isotopic composition of MMHg in the Yuba River food web was estimated using biota with a range of %MMHg (the percent of THg present as MMHg) and compared to IHg in sediment, algae, and the food web. The estimated &delta;</span><sup><span>202</span></sup><span>Hg of MMHg prior to photodegradation (&minus;1.29 to &minus;1.07&permil;) was lower than that of IHg and we suggest this is due to mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) of up to &minus;0.9&permil; between IHg and MMHg. This result is in contrast to net positive MDF (+0.4 to +0.8&permil;) previously observed in lakes, estuaries, coastal oceans, and forests. We hypothesize that this unique relationship could be due to differences in the extent or pathway of biotic MMHg degradation in stream environments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b04413","usgsCitation":"Donovan, P.M., Blum, J.D., Singer, M.B., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., and Tsui, M.T., 2016, Isotopic composition of inorganic mercury and methylmercury downstream of a historical gold mining region: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 1691-1702, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04413.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1691","endPage":"1702","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067070","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, Joel D.","contributorId":83657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, Michael B.","contributorId":168369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25268,"text":"University of St Andrews, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsui, Martin T.K.","contributorId":168370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsui","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70173939,"text":"70173939 - 2016 - Impacts of Climate Change on Regulated Streamflow, Hydrologic Extremes, Hydropower Production, and Sediment Discharge in the Skagit River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T12:37:54","indexId":"70173939","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-19T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of Climate Change on Regulated Streamflow, Hydrologic Extremes, Hydropower Production, and Sediment Discharge in the Skagit River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Previous studies have shown that the impacts of climate change on the hydrologic response of the Skagit River are likely to be substantial under natural (i.e. unregulated) conditions. To assess the combined effects of changing natural flow and dam operations that determine impacts to regulated flow, a new integrated daily-time-step reservoir operations model was constructed for the Skagit River Basin. The model was used to simulate current reservoir operating policies for historical flow conditions and for projected flows for the 2040s (2030&ndash;2059) and 2080s (2070&ndash;2099). The results show that climate change is likely to cause substantial seasonal changes in both natural and regulated flow, with more flow in the winter and spring, and less in summer. Hydropower generation in the basin follows these trends, increasing (+ 19%) in the winter/ spring, and decreasing (- 29%) in the summer by the 2080s. The regulated 100-year flood is projected to increase by 23% by the 2040s and 49% by the 2080s. Peak winter sediment loading in December is projected to increase by 335% by the 2080s in response to increasing winter flows, and average annual sediment loading increases from 2.3 to 5.8 teragrams (+ 149%) per year by the 2080s. Regulated extreme low flows (7Q10) are projected to decrease by about 30% by the 2080s, but remain well above natural low flows. Both current and proposed alternative flood control operations are shown to be largely ineffective in mitigating increasing flood risks in the lower Skagit due to the distribution of flow in the basin during floods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3955/046.090.0104","usgsCitation":"Lee, S., Hamlet, A.F., and Grossman, E., 2016, Impacts of Climate Change on Regulated Streamflow, Hydrologic Extremes, Hydropower Production, and Sediment Discharge in the Skagit River Basin: Northwest Science, v. 90, no. 1, p. 23-43, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.090.0104.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063837","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3955/046.090.0104","text":"Publisher Index 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