Understanding nitrate dynamics in groundwater systems as a function of climatic conditions, especially during contrasting patterns of drought and wet cycles, is limited by a lack of temporal and spatial data. Nitrate sensors have the capability for making accurate, high-frequency measurements of nitrate in situ, but have not yet been evaluated for long-term use in groundwater wells. We measured in situ nitrate continuously in two groundwater monitoring wells —one rural and one urban—located in the recharge zone of a productive karst aquifer in central Texas in order to resolve changes that occur over both short-term (hourly to daily) and long-term (monthly to yearly) periods. Nitrate concentrations, measured as nitrate-nitrogen in milligrams per liter (mg/L), during drought conditions showed little or no temporal change as groundwater levels declined. During aquifer recharge, extremely rapid changes in concentration occurred at both wells as documented by hourly data. At both sites, nitrate concentrations were affected by recharging surface water as evidenced by nitrate concentrations in groundwater recharge (0.8–1.3 mg/L) that were similar to previously reported values for regional recharging streams. Groundwater nitrate concentrations responded differently at urban and rural sites during groundwater recharge. Concentrations at the rural well (approximately 1.0 mg/L) increased as a result of higher nitrate concentrations in groundwater recharge relative to ambient nitrate concentrations in groundwater, whereas concentrations at the urban well (approximately 2.7 mg/L) decreased as a result of the dilution of higher ambient nitrate concentrations relative to those in groundwater recharge. Notably, nitrate concentrations decreased to as low as 0.8 mg/L at the urban site during recharge but postrecharge concentrations exceeded 3.0 mg/L. A return to higher nitrate concentrations postrecharge indicates mobilization of a localized source of elevated nitrate within the urbanized area of the aquifer. Changes in specific conductance were observed at both sites during groundwater recharge, and a significant correlation between specific conductance and nitrate (correlation coefficient [R] = 0.455) was evident at the urban site where large (3-fold) changes in nitrate occurred. Nitrate concentrations and specific conductance measured during a depth profile indicated that the water column was generally homogeneous as expected for this karst environment, but changes were observed in the most productive zone of the aquifer that might indicate some heterogeneity within the complex network of flow paths. Resolving the timing and magnitude of changes and characterizing fine-scale vertical differences would not be possible using conventional sampling techniques. The patterns observed in situ provided new insight into the dynamic nature of nitrate in a karst groundwater system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.038","usgsCitation":"Opsahl, S.P., Musgrove, M., and Slattery, R.N., 2017, New insights into nitrate dynamics in a karst groundwater system gained from in situ high-frequency optical sensor measurements: Journal of Hydrology, v. 546, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.038.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-067710","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.469970703125,\n 29.11857441491087\n ],\n [\n -97.55584716796875,\n 29.11857441491087\n ],\n [\n -97.55584716796875,\n 30.458144351018078\n ],\n [\n -100.469970703125,\n 30.458144351018078\n ],\n [\n -100.469970703125,\n 29.11857441491087\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"546","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05123e4b0220bbd9a1d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn 0000-0003-1607-3864 mmusgrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-3864","contributorId":197013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","email":"mmusgrov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187569,"text":"70187569 - 2017 - Biota: Providing often-overlooked connections among freshwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T11:25:00","indexId":"70187569","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3720,"text":"Water Resources Impact","printIssn":"1522-3175","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biota: Providing often-overlooked connections among freshwater systems","docAbstract":"When we think about connections in and among aquatic systems, we typically envision clear headwater streams flowing into downstream rivers, river floodwaters spilling out onto adjacent floodplains, or groundwater connecting wetlands to lakes and streams. However, there is another layer of connectivity moving materials among freshwater systems, one with connections that are not always tied to downgradient flows of surface waters and groundwater. These movements are those of organisms, key components of virtually every freshwater system on the planet. In their movements across the landscape, biota connect aquatic systems in often-overlooked ways.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Mushet, D.M., Christensen, J.R., Bennett, M., and Alexander, L., 2017, Biota: Providing often-overlooked connections among freshwater systems: Water Resources Impact, v. 19, no. 2, p. 11-13.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-082235","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340992,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.awra.org/impact/"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d536e4b0e541a03d451f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Jay R.","contributorId":179361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Michah","contributorId":191888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"Michah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, Laurie C.","contributorId":138989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Laurie C.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182761,"text":"70182761 - 2017 - Defining snow drought and why it matters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T11:32:04","indexId":"70182761","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining snow drought and why it matters","docAbstract":"On 12 February, water resource managers at the Oroville Dam issued an evacuation warning that forced some 180,000 Californians to relocate to higher ground. The story of how conditions got to this point involves several factors, but two clearly stand out: the need to prevent water shortages during a record drought, followed by one of the wettest October–February periods in California history.
The situation at Oroville Dam highlights difficulties that many reservoir managers face in managing flood risks while simultaneously storing water to mitigate severe droughts and smaller snowpacks. Central to this difficulty is the idea of “snow drought,” a term that’s gaining traction in both scientific and lay literature.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2017EO068775","collaboration":"none","usgsCitation":"Harpold, A., Dettinger, M.D., and Rajagopal, S., 2017, Defining snow drought and why it matters: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 98, Webpage, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017EO068775.","productDescription":"Webpage","ipdsId":"IP-080163","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017eo068775","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a3ee4b01ccd54ff3f79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harpold, Adrian","contributorId":184147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harpold","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rajagopal, Seshadri","contributorId":184148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopal","given":"Seshadri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182788,"text":"70182788 - 2017 - Preparing future fisheries professionals to make good decisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:37:24","indexId":"70182788","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preparing future fisheries professionals to make good decisions","docAbstract":"Future fisheries professionals will face decision-making challenges in an increasingly complex field of fisheries management. Though fisheries students are well trained in the use of the scientific method to understand the natural world, they are rarely exposed to structured decision making (SDM) as part of an undergraduate or graduate education. Specifically, SDM encourages users (e.g., students, managers) to think critically and communicate the problem and then identify specific, measurable objectives as they relate to the problem. Next, users must think critically and creatively about management alternatives that can be used to meet the objectives—there must be more than one alternative or there is no decision to be made. Lastly, the management alternatives are evaluated with regard to how likely they are to succeed in terms of multiple, possibly completing, objectives, such as how stakeholder groups value outcomes of management actions versus monetary cost. We believe that exposure to SDM and its elements is an important part of preparing future fisheries professional to meet the challenges they may face. These challenges include reduced budgets, the growth of potentially competing natural resource interest groups, and stakeholder desire to be involved in management decisions affecting public trust resources, just to name a few.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2016.1199233","usgsCitation":"Colvin, M., and Peterson, J., 2017, Preparing future fisheries professionals to make good decisions: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 8, p. 473-474, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2016.1199233.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"474","ipdsId":"IP-076018","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a3de4b01ccd54ff3f75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvin, Michael E. 0000-0002-6581-4764","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-4764","contributorId":171431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colvin","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[{"id":26913,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182714,"text":"70182714 - 2017 - Geochemistry and hydrology of perched groundwater springs: assessing elevated uranium concentrations at Pigeon Spring relative to nearby Pigeon Mine, Arizona (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:40:26","indexId":"70182714","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and hydrology of perched groundwater springs: assessing elevated uranium concentrations at Pigeon Spring relative to nearby Pigeon Mine, Arizona (USA)","docAbstract":"The processes that affect water chemistry as the water flows from recharge areas through breccia-pipe uranium deposits in the Grand Canyon region of the southwestern United States are not well understood. Pigeon Spring had elevated uranium in 1982 (44 μg/L), compared to other perched springs (2.7–18 μg/L), prior to mining operations at the nearby Pigeon Mine. Perched groundwater springs in an area around the Pigeon Mine were sampled between 2009 and 2015 and compared with material from the Pigeon Mine to better understand the geochemistry and hydrology of the area. Two general groups of perched groundwater springs were identified from this study; one group is characterized by calcium sulfate type water, low uranium activity ratio 234U/238U (UAR) values, and a mixture of water with some component of modern water, and the other group by calcium-magnesium sulfate type water, higher UAR values, and radiocarbon ages indicating recharge on the order of several thousand years ago. Multivariate statistical principal components analysis of Pigeon Mine and spring samples indicate Cu, Pb, As, Mn, and Cd concentrations distinguished mining-related leachates from perched groundwater springs. The groundwater potentiometric surface indicates that perched groundwater at Pigeon Mine would likely flow toward the northwest away from Pigeon Spring. The geochemical analysis of the water, sediment and rock samples collected from the Snake Gulch area indicate that the elevated uranium at Pigeon Spring is likely related to a natural source of uranium upgradient from the spring and not likely related to the Pigeon Mine.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1494-8","usgsCitation":"Beisner, K.R., Paretti, N.V., Tillman, F.D., Naftz, D.L., Bills, D.J., Walton-Day, K., and Gallegos, T.J., 2017, Geochemistry and hydrology of perched groundwater springs: assessing elevated uranium concentrations at Pigeon Spring relative to nearby Pigeon Mine, Arizona (USA): Hydrogeology Journal, v. 25, no. 2, p. 539-556, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1494-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"556","ipdsId":"IP-076753","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1494-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Pigeon Spring","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.641667,\n 36.916667\n ],\n [\n -112.175,\n 36.916667\n ],\n [\n -112.175,\n 36.566667\n ],\n [\n -112.641667,\n 36.566667\n ],\n [\n -112.641667,\n 36.916667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548bce4b01ccd54fddfa2","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1494-8","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1494-8","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Beisner Kimberly R., Paretti Nicholas V., Tillman Fred D., Naftz David L., Bills Donald J., Walton-Day Katie, Gallegos Tanya J.","journalName":"Hydrogeology Journal","publicationDate":"11/23/2016","auditedOn":"2/15/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"11/23/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly R. 0000-0002-2077-6899 kbeisner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-6899","contributorId":2733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","email":"kbeisner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. 0000-0003-2178-4820 nparetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-4820","contributorId":173412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":147809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bills, Donald J. 0000-0001-8955-3370 djbills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8955-3370","contributorId":177439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":184043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70182734,"text":"70182734 - 2017 - Nonnative trout invasions combined with climate change threaten persistence of isolated cutthroat trout populations in the southern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T13:15:14","indexId":"70182734","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonnative trout invasions combined with climate change threaten persistence of isolated cutthroat trout populations in the southern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Effective conservation of Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lineages native to the Rocky Mountains will require estimating effects of multiple stressors and directing management toward the most important ones. Recent\nanalyses have focused on the direct and indirect effects of a changing climate on contemporary ranges, which are much reduced from historic ranges owing to past habitat loss and nonnative trout invasions. However, nonnative trout continue to invade Cutthroat Trout populations in the southern Rocky Mountains. Despite management to isolate and protect these native populations, nonnatives still surmount barriers or are illegally stocked above them. We used data on the incidence of invasions by nonnative Brook Trout (BT) Salvelinus fontinalis and the rate of their\ninvasion upstream to simulate effects on a set of 309 conservation populations of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (CRCT) O. c. pleuriticus isolated in headwater stream fragments. A previously developed Bayesian network model was used to compare direct and indirect effects of climate change (CC) alone on population persistence versus the added effects of BT invasions. Although CC alone is predicted to extirpate only one CRCT population by 2080, BT invasions and CC together are predicted to completely extirpate 122 populations (39% of the total) if managers do\nnot intervene. Another 113 populations (37%) will be at risk of extirpation after CC and invasions, primarily owing to stochastic risks in short stream fragments that are similar under CC alone. Overall, invasions and CC will\nreduce the number of stream fragments that are long enough to buffer CRCT populations against negative genetic consequences and stochastic disturbances by 48, a decrease of 38% compared to CC alone. High priorities are (1) research to estimate how CC and human factors alter the incidence and rate of BT invasions and (2) management to prevent new illegal introductions, repair inadequate barriers, and monitor and address new invasions.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis ","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1264507","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J., Fausch, K.D., Hooten, M., and Peterson, D.P., 2017, Nonnative trout invasions combined with climate change threaten persistence of isolated cutthroat trout populations in the southern Rocky Mountains: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 37, no. 2, p. 314-325, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1264507.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"314","endPage":"325","ipdsId":"IP-074344","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming ","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River basin ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.57763671875,\n 42.56117285531808\n ],\n [\n -110.90698242187499,\n 41.30257109430557\n ],\n [\n -111.104736328125,\n 39.342794408952365\n ],\n [\n -111.983642578125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 36.62434536776987\n ],\n [\n -110.028076171875,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -108.270263671875,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 37.23907530202184\n ],\n [\n -106.666259765625,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -107.55615234375,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -107.73193359375,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -109.27001953125,\n 42.56117285531808\n ],\n [\n -109.57763671875,\n 42.56117285531808\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a3ee4b01ccd54ff3f7c","chorus":{"doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1264507","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1264507","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","authors":"Roberts James J., Fausch Kurt D., Hooten Mevin B., Peterson Douglas P.","journalName":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","publicationDate":"2/27/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, James 0000-0002-4193-610X jroberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-610X","contributorId":5453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"jroberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fausch, Kurt D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":184071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":673491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Douglas P.","contributorId":145877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182202,"text":"70182202 - 2017 - Flammability as an ecological and evolutionary driver","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:38:20","indexId":"70182202","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flammability as an ecological and evolutionary driver","docAbstract":"Demographic changes in populations, such as skewed sex ratios, are of concern to conservationists, especially in small populations in which stochastic and other events can produce declines leading to extirpation. We documented a decline in one of the few remaining populations of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) in southern California, USA, which dropped from 40 to 5 adults between 2000 and 2015. Declines were unequal between sexes (94% for males, 82% for females). Adult sex ratios were female-biased in 10 of 16 yr. The proportion of paired males that were polygynous ranged from 0% to 100%, depending on the ratio of females to males in the adult population. Some males paired with up to 5 females simultaneously. We investigated the role of nestling sex ratio in the female-biased adult sex ratio by using genetic techniques to determine sex from blood samples collected from 162 nestlings in 72 nests from 2002 to 2009. Both population-level and within-brood nestling sex ratios were female-biased, and were not influenced by nest order (first or subsequent), parental mating type (monogamous or polygynous), or year. Disproportionately more females than males were recruited into the breeding population, mirroring nestling and fledgling sex ratios. It thus appears that a skewed nestling sex ratio has contributed to a female-biased adult population, which in turn has influenced mating behavior. We propose that the capacity for polygyny, which generally occurs at low levels in Southwestern Willow Flycatchers, has allowed this population to persist through a decline that might otherwise have resulted in extinction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-16-119.1","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., Howell, S.L., and Wood, D.A., 2017, Female-biased sex ratio, polygyny, and persistence in the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus): The Condor, v. 119, no. 1, p. 17-25, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-16-119.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-080488","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-16-119.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fbfe4b01ccd54f8b50b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, Barbara E. 0000-0002-3679-3044 barbara_kus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-3044","contributorId":3026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"Barbara E.","email":"barbara_kus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, Scarlett L. 0000-0001-7538-4860 showell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-4860","contributorId":140441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Scarlett","email":"showell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70240670,"text":"70240670 - 2017 - Controls on pore types and pore-size distribution in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China: Implications for pore-evolution models of lacustrine mudrocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-13T17:57:15.747555","indexId":"70240670","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-16T11:48:02","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3906,"text":"Interpretation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on pore types and pore-size distribution in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China: Implications for pore-evolution models of lacustrine mudrocks","docAbstract":"Our main objectives are to (1) learn if pore-evolution models developed from marine mudrocks can be directly applied to lacustrine mudrocks, (2) investigate what controls the different pore types and sizes of Chang 7 organic matter (OM)-rich argillaceous mudstones of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, and (3) describe the texture, fabric, mineralogy, and thermal maturity variation in the Chang 7 mudstones. Lacustrine mudstones from nine cored wells along a depositional dip in the southeastern Ordos Basin, China, were investigated. Helium porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy of Ar-ion milled samples were applied. Measured average total porosity of samples from a proximal to distal transect (
Introduction
Climate change is expected to impose significant tension on the geographic distribution of tree species. Yet, tree species range shifts may be delayed by their long life spans, capacity to withstand long periods of physiological stress, and dispersal limitations. Wildfire could theoretically break this biological inertia by killing forest canopies and facilitating species redistribution under changing climate. We investigated the capacity of wildfire to modulate climate-induced tree redistribution across a montane landscape in the central Rocky Mountains under three climate scenarios (contemporary and two warmer future climates) and three wildfire scenarios (representing historical, suppressed, and future fire regimes).
Methods
Distributions of four common tree species were projected over 90 years by pairing a climate niche model with a forest landscape simulation model that simulates species dispersal, establishment, and mortality under alternative disturbance regimes and climate scenarios.
Results
Three species (Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, subalpine fir) declined in abundance over time, due to climate-driven contraction in area suitable for establishment, while one species (ponderosa pine) was unable to exploit climate-driven expansion of area suitable for establishment. Increased fire frequency accelerated declines in area occupied by Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and subalpine fir, and it maintained local abundance but not range expansion of ponderosa pine.
Conclusions
Wildfire may play a larger role in eliminating these conifer species along trailing edges of their distributions than facilitating establishment along leading edges, in part due to dispersal limitations and interspecific competition, and future populations may increasingly depend on persistence in locations unfavorable for their establishment.
N2 fixation and ammonia oxidation (AO) are the two most important processes in the nitrogen (N) cycle of biological soil crusts (BSCs). We studied the short-term response of acetylene reduction assay (ARA) rates, an indicator of potential N2 fixation, and AO rates to temperature (T, -5°C to 35°C) in BSC of different successional stages along the BSC ecological succession and geographic origin (hot Chihuahuan and cooler Great Basin deserts). ARA in all BSCs increased with T until saturation occurred between 15 and 20°C, and declined at 30–35°C. Culture studies using cyanobacteria isolated from these crusts indicated that the saturating effect was traceable to their inability to grow well diazotrophically within the high temperature range. Below saturation, temperature response was exponential, with Q10 significantly different in the two areas (~ 5 for Great Basin BSCs; 2–3 for Chihuahuan BSCs), but similar between the two successional stages. However, in contrast to ARA, AO showed a steady increase to 30–35°C in Great Basin, and Chihuhuan BSCs showed no inhibition at any tested temperature. The T response of AO also differed significantly between Great Basin (Q10 of 4.5–4.8) and Chihuahuan (Q10 of 2.4–2.6) BSCs, but not between successional stages. Response of ARA rates to T did not differ from that of AO in either desert. Thus, while both processes scaled to T in unison until 20°C, they separated to an increasing degree at higher temperature. As future warming is likely to occur in the regions where BSCs are often the dominant living cover, this predicted decoupling is expected to result in higher proportion of nitrates in soil relative to ammonium. As nitrate is more easily lost as leachate or to be reduced to gaseous forms, this could mean a depletion of soil N over large landscapes globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0164932","usgsCitation":"Zhou, X., Smith, H.J., Giraldo Silva, A., Belnap, J., and Garcia-Pichel, F., 2017, Differential responses of dinitrogen fixation, diazotrophic cyanobacteria and ammonia oxidation reveal a potential warming-induced imbalance of the N-cycle in biological soil crusts: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 10, e0164932; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164932.","productDescription":"e0164932; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-068683","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164932","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a576b7e4b057081a24ed0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Xiaobing","contributorId":181757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Xiaobing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Hilda J. 0000-0001-5775-1401 hsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5775-1401","contributorId":4469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Hilda","email":"hsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giraldo Silva, Ana","contributorId":181758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giraldo Silva","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garcia-Pichel, Ferran","contributorId":166779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Pichel","given":"Ferran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24511,"text":"Arizona State University, Tempe AZ USA 85287","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180975,"text":"70180975 - 2017 - A regional assessment of chemicals of concern in surface waters of four Midwestern United States national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-10T13:31:00","indexId":"70180975","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional assessment of chemicals of concern in surface waters of four Midwestern United States national parks","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic chemicals and their potential for adverse biological effects raise concern for aquatic ecosystem health in protected areas. During 2013–15, surface waters of four Midwestern United States national parks were sampled and analyzed for wastewater indicators, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides. More chemicals and higher concentrations were detected at the two parks with greater urban influences (Mississippi National River and Recreation Area and Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore) than at the two more remote parks (Apostle Islands National Lakeshore and Isle Royale National Park). Atrazine (10–15 ng/L) and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (16–120 ng/L) were the only chemicals detected in inland lakes of a remote island national park (Isle Royale National Park). Bisphenol A and organophosphate flame retardants were commonly detected at the other sampled parks. Gabapentin and simazine had the highest observed concentrations (> 1000 ng/L) in three and two samples, respectively. At the two parks with urban influences, metolachlor and simazine concentrations were similar to those reported for other major urban rivers in the United States. Environmental concentrations of detected chemicals were often orders of magnitude less than standards or reference values with three exceptions: (1) hydrochlorothiazide exceeded a human health-based screening value in seven samples, (2) estrone exceeded a predicted critical environmental concentration for fish pharmacological effects in one sample, and (3) simazine was approaching the 4000 ng/L Maximum Contaminant Level in one sample even though this concentration is not expected to reflect peak pesticide use. Although few environmental concentrations were approaching or exceeded standards or reference values, concentrations were often in ranges reported to elicit effects in aquatic biota. Data from this study will assist in establishing a baseline for chemicals of concern in Midwestern national parks and highlight the need to better understand the sources, pathways, and potential adverse effects to aquatic systems in national parks.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.114","usgsCitation":"Elliott, S.M., and VanderMeulen, D., 2017, A regional assessment of chemicals of concern in surface waters of four Midwestern United States national parks: Science of the Total Environment, v. 579, p. 1726-1735, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.114.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1726","endPage":"1735","ipdsId":"IP-075898","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Isle Royale National Park, Mississippi National River","volume":"579","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589edf25e4b099f50d3dc58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Sarah M. 0000-0002-1414-3024 selliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-3024","contributorId":1472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Sarah","email":"selliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanderMeulen, David","contributorId":179172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanderMeulen","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70249815,"text":"70249815 - 2017 - Assessment of transfer patterns and origins of in-channel wood in large rivers using repeated field surveys and wood characterisation (the Isère River upstream of Pontcharra, France)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-31T11:52:37.923116","indexId":"70249815","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T06:35:40","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of transfer patterns and origins of in-channel wood in large rivers using repeated field surveys and wood characterisation (the Isère River upstream of Pontcharra, France)","docAbstract":"When and whence does wood enter large mountain alluvial rivers? How stable through time are characteristics and quantities of wood deposited in a reach? These simple questions related to the complex practice of wood budgeting are explored on the Isère River in France. We hypothesise that (i) the wood originates from the riparian zone all along the alluvial reach and that (ii) the characters and quantity of wood in the reach can vary through time according to flood occurrence and provenance. In order to validate these hypotheses, two complementary approaches were performed: (i) wood pieces were surveyed along 190 km river length and taxonomy, in-channel wood macromorphology, and dendrochemistry were used to infer wood origin (local vs. upstream, respective subbasin contributions) and transport conditions; (ii) wood movement was monitored using both tracking techniques in specific sampling plots and with an experiment orchestrated using wood placement coupled with a significant artificial flood. Surveys were done over a period of 3 years so as to include two distinct sampling events to explore wood deposition and mobilisation within a channel network under different flood conditions. One of the subbasins, the Arly River, underwent a 1-in-30-year flood in 2004, allowing us to assess its effect on in-channel wood quantity and characteristics.
Results confirm that wood is primarily introduced by erosion from river banks but they are not always as close as expected from the sites of deposition. Temporal variability of wood introduced, deposited, and transferred downstream is also significant in terms of abundance and origin as shown by dendrochemical and macromorphological signatures. The types of wood observed along the channel length changes through time. Large flood signature can be detected from wood characteristics and uplands make a slight contribution. But in average, wood characteristics do not change much (no significant difference between years and tributaries in wood characteristics based on discriminant analysis). Data suggest that the interannual variability is fairly low, so that the diversity of wood characteristics is maintained by the complex and multiple sources of wood in the network. Further research is needed to better understand such patterns and to study physical breakage in space and time to better infer distance between sources and depositional zones.
Conservation biology often requires the control of invasive species. One method is the development and use of biocides. Identifying new chemicals as part of the biocide registration approval process can require screening millions of compounds. Traditionally, screening new chemicals has been done in vivo using test organisms. Using in vitro (e.g., cell lines) and in silico (e.g., computer models) methods decrease test organism requirements and increase screening speed and efficiency. These methods, however, would be greatly improved by better understanding how individual fish species metabolize selected compounds.
We combined cell assays and metabolomics to create a powerful tool to facilitate the identification of new control chemicals. Specifically, we exposed cell lines established from bighead carp and silver carp larvae to thiram (7 concentrations) then completed metabolite profiling to assess the dose-response of the bighead carp and silver carp metabolome to thiram. Forty one of the 700 metabolomic markers identified in bighead carp exhibited a dose-response to thiram exposure compared to silver carp in which 205 of 1590 metabolomic markers exhibited a dose-response. Additionally, we identified 11 statistically significant metabolomic markers based upon volcano plot analysis common between both species. This smaller subset of metabolites formed a thiram-specific metabolomic fingerprint which allowed for the creation of a toxicant specific, rather than a species-specific, metabolomic fingerprint. Metabolomic fingerprints may be used in biocide development and improve our understanding of ecologically significant events, such as mass fish kills.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.046","usgsCitation":"Putnam, J.G., Nelson, J., Leis, E.M., Erickson, R.A., Hubert, T.D., and Amberg, J.J., 2017, Using silver and bighead carp cell lines for the identification of a unique metabolite fingerprint from thiram-specific chemical exposure: Chemosphere, v. 168, p. 1477-1485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.046.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1477","endPage":"1485","ipdsId":"IP-078135","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de194ee4b02ff32c699c9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, Joel G. 0000-0002-5464-4587 jgputnam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-4587","contributorId":5783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Joel","email":"jgputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Justine 0000-0003-2530-5815 jenelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-5815","contributorId":168767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Justine","email":"jenelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leis, Eric M.","contributorId":187767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leis","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hubert, Terrance D. 0000-0001-9712-1738 thubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-1738","contributorId":3036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terrance","email":"thubert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amberg, Jon J. jamberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":147776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":687385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182759,"text":"70182759 - 2017 - Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States: Pharmaceuticals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T08:46:57","indexId":"70182759","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States: Pharmaceuticals","docAbstract":"Mobile and persistent chemicals that are present in urban wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals, may survive\non-site ormunicipal wastewater treatment and post-discharge environmental processes. These pharmaceuticals\nhave the potential to reach surface and groundwaters, essential drinking-water sources. A joint, two-phase U.S.\nGeological Survey-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study examined source and treated waters from 25\ndrinking-water treatment plants from across the United States. Treatment plants that had probable wastewater\ninputs to their source waters were selected to assess the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in such source waters,\nand to identify which pharmaceuticals persist through drinking-water treatment. All samples were analyzed\nfor 24 pharmaceuticals in Phase I and for 118 in Phase II.\nIn Phase I, 11 pharmaceuticals were detected in all source-water samples, with amaximumof nine pharmaceuticals\ndetected in any one sample. The median number of pharmaceuticals for all 25 samples was five.\nQuantifiable pharmaceutical detections were fewer, with a maximum of five pharmaceuticals in any one\nsample and a median for all samples of two. In Phase II, 47 different pharmaceuticals were detected in all\nsource-water samples, with a maximum of 41 pharmaceuticals detected in any one sample. The median\nnumber of pharmaceuticals for all 25 samples was eight. For 37 quantifiable pharmaceuticals in Phase II,\nmedian concentrations in source water were below 113 ng/L.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.128","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Batt, A.L., Glassmeyer, S.T., Noriega, M.C., Kolpin, D.W., Mash, H., and Schenck, K.M., 2017, Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States: Pharmaceuticals: Science of the Total Environment, v. 579, p. 1629-1642, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.128.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1642","ipdsId":"IP-066272","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7017633","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"579","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a3ee4b01ccd54ff3f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batt, Angela L.","contributorId":184134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batt","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glassmeyer, Susan T.","contributorId":184135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glassmeyer","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noriega, Mary C. mnoriega@usgs.gov","contributorId":2553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noriega","given":"Mary","email":"mnoriega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mash, Heath","contributorId":184088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mash","given":"Heath","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schenck, Kathleen M.","contributorId":184136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenck","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70192093,"text":"70192093 - 2017 - Rainfall-runoff of anthropogenic waste indicators from agricultural fields applied with municipal biosolids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T14:06:34.304778","indexId":"70192093","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall-runoff of anthropogenic waste indicators from agricultural fields applied with municipal biosolids","docAbstract":"The presence of anthropogenic contaminants such as antimicrobials, flame-retardants, and plasticizers in runoff from agricultural fields applied with municipal biosolids may pose a potential threat to the environment. This study assesses the potential for rainfall-induced runoff of 69 anthropogenic waste indicators (AWIs), widely found in household and industrial products, from biosolids amended field plots. The agricultural field containing the test plots was treated with biosolids for the first time immediately prior to this study. AWIs present in soil and biosolids were isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by full-scan gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results for 18 AWIs were not evaluated due to their presence in field blank QC samples, and another 34 did not have sufficient detection frequency in samples to analyze trends in data. A total of 17 AWIs, including 4-nonylphenol, triclosan, and tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, were present in runoff with acceptable data quality and frequency for subsequent interpretation. Runoff samples were collected 5 days prior to and 1, 9, and 35 days after biosolids application. Of the 17 AWIs considered, 14 were not detected in pre-application samples, or their concentrations were much smaller than in the sample collected one day after application. A range of trends was observed for individual AWI concentrations (typically from 0.1 to 10 μg/L) over the course of the study, depending on the combination of partitioning and degradation mechanisms affecting each compound most strongly. Overall, these results indicate that rainfall can mobilize anthropogenic contaminants from biosolids-amended agricultural fields, directly to surface waters and redistribute them to terrestrial sites away from the point of application via runoff. For 14 of 17 compounds examined, the potential for runoff remobilization during rainstorms persists even after three 100-year rainstorm-equivalent simulations and the passage of a month.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.033","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.L., Borch, T., Furlong, E.T., Davis, J., Yager, T., Yang, Y., and Kolpin, D.W., 2017, Rainfall-runoff of anthropogenic waste indicators from agricultural fields applied with municipal biosolids: Science of the Total Environment, v. 580, p. 83-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.033.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"89","ipdsId":"IP-073810","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"580","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffaae4b0220bbd988fb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borch, Thomas","contributorId":195631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borch","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Jessica","contributorId":197745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yager, Tracy tjyager@usgs.gov","contributorId":1881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy","email":"tjyager@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yang, Yun-Ya","contributorId":197746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yun-Ya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70192046,"text":"70192046 - 2017 - The invasive ant, Solenopsis invicta, reduces herpetofauna richness and abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T16:27:53","indexId":"70192046","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The invasive ant, Solenopsis invicta, reduces herpetofauna richness and abundance","title":"The invasive ant, Solenopsis invicta, reduces herpetofauna richness and abundance","docAbstract":"Amphibians and reptiles are declining globally. One potential cause of this decline includes impacts resulting from co-occurrence with non-native red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Although a growing body of anecdotal and observational evidence from laboratory experiments supports this hypothesis, there remains a lack of field scale manipulations testing the effect of fire ants on reptile and amphibian communities. We addressed this gap by measuring reptile and amphibian (“herpetofauna”) community response to successful fire ant reductions over the course of 2 years following hydramethylnon application to five 100–200 ha plots in southeastern coastal South Carolina. By assessing changes in relative abundance and species richness of herpetofauna in response to fire ant reductions, we were able to assess whether some species were particularly vulnerable to fire ant presence, and whether this sensitivity manifested at the community level. We found that herpetofauna abundance and species richness responded positively to fire ant reductions. Our results document that even moderate populations of red imported fire ants decrease both the abundance and diversity of herpetofauna. Given global herpetofauna population declines and continued spread of fire ants, there is urgency to understand the impacts of fire ants beyond anecdotal and singles species studies. Our results provides the first community level investigation addressing these dynamics, by manipulating fire ant abundance to reveal a response in herpetofauna species abundance and richness.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-016-1343-7","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.R., Birge, H.E., Slater, J., and Wiggers, E., 2017, The invasive ant, Solenopsis invicta, reduces herpetofauna richness and abundance: Biological Invasions, v. 19, no. 2, p. 713-722, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1343-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"722","ipdsId":"IP-076507","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05123e4b0220bbd9a1da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birge, Hannah E.","contributorId":166737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birge","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slater, J.","contributorId":198243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiggers, E.","contributorId":198244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiggers","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193475,"text":"70193475 - 2017 - Evolutionary and functional mitogenomics associated with the genetic restoration of the Florida panther","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:45:15","indexId":"70193475","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolutionary and functional mitogenomics associated with the genetic restoration of the Florida panther","docAbstract":"Florida panthers are endangered pumas that currently persist in reduced patches of habitat in South Florida, USA. We performed mitogenome reference-based assemblies for most parental lines of the admixed Florida panthers that resulted from the introduction of female Texas pumas into South Florida in 1995. With the addition of 2 puma mitogenomes, we characterized 174 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 12 individuals. We defined 5 haplotypes (Pco1–Pco5), one of which (Pco1) had a geographic origin exclusive to Costa Rica and Panama and was possibly introduced into the Everglades National Park, Florida, prior to 1995. Haplotype Pco2 was native to Florida. Haplotypes Pco3 and Pco4 were exclusive to Texas, whereas haplotype Pco5 had an undetermined geographic origin. Phylogenetic inference suggests that haplotypes Pco1–Pco4 diverged ~202000 (95% HPDI = 83000–345000) years ago and that haplotypes Pco2–Pco4 diverged ~61000 (95% HPDI = 9000–127000) years ago. These results are congruent with a south-to-north continental expansion and with a recent North American colonization by pumas. Furthermore, pumas may have migrated from Texas to Florida no earlier than ~44000 (95% HPDI = 2000–98000) years ago. Synonymous mutations presented a greater mean substitution rate than other mitochondrial functional regions: nonsynonymous mutations, tRNAs, rRNAs, and control region. Similarly, all protein-coding genes were under predominant negative selection constraints. We directly and indirectly assessed the presence of potential deleterious SNPs in the ND2 and ND5 genes in Florida panthers prior to and as a consequence of the introduction of Texas pumas. Screenings for such variants are recommended in extant Florida panthers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esx015","usgsCitation":"Ochoa, A., Onorato, D.P., Fitak, R.R., Roelke-Parker, M., and Culver, M., 2017, Evolutionary and functional mitogenomics associated with the genetic restoration of the Florida panther: Journal of Heredity, v. 108, no. 4, p. 449-455, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esx015.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"455","ipdsId":"IP-084509","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esx015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8d1e4b09af898c86142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ochoa, Alexander","contributorId":169994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ochoa","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Onorato, David P.","contributorId":52704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onorato","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitak, Robert R.","contributorId":169991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitak","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelke-Parker, Melody","contributorId":72715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelke-Parker","given":"Melody","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":197693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188345,"text":"70188345 - 2017 - Ground motion in the presence of complex Topography II: Earthquake sources and 3D simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T16:13:07","indexId":"70188345","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground motion in the presence of complex Topography II: Earthquake sources and 3D simulations","docAbstract":"Eight seismic stations were placed in a linear array with a topographic relief of 222 m over Mission Peak in the east San Francisco Bay region for a period of one year to study topographic effects. Seventy‐two well‐recorded local earthquakes are used to calculate spectral amplitude ratios relative to a reference site. A well‐defined fundamental resonance peak is observed with individual station amplitudes following the theoretically predicted progression of larger amplitudes in the upslope direction. Favored directions of vibration are also seen that are related to the trapping of shear waves within the primary ridge dimensions. Spectral peaks above the fundamental one are also related to topographic effects but follow a more complex pattern. Theoretical predictions using a 3D velocity model and accurate topography reproduce many of the general frequency and time‐domain features of the data. Shifts in spectral frequencies and amplitude differences, however, are related to deficiencies of the model and point out the importance of contributing factors, including the shear‐wave velocity under the topographic feature, near‐surface velocity gradients, and source parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160159","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Ramirez-Guzman, L., Meremonte, M., and Leeds, A.L., 2017, Ground motion in the presence of complex Topography II: Earthquake sources and 3D simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, no. 1, p. 344-358, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160159.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-078909","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.05,\n 37.85\n ],\n [\n -121.65,\n 37.85\n ],\n [\n -121.65,\n 37.3\n ],\n [\n -122.05,\n 37.3\n ],\n [\n -122.05,\n 37.85\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf2de4b0f6c2d0d9c75e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo","contributorId":175444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meremonte, Mark","contributorId":192672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leeds, Alena L. 0000-0002-8756-3687 aleeds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-3687","contributorId":4077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeds","given":"Alena","email":"aleeds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189149,"text":"70189149 - 2017 - Paleoseismic potential of sublacustrine landslide records in a high-seismicity setting (south-central Alaska)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T15:51:27.424228","indexId":"70189149","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismic potential of sublacustrine landslide records in a high-seismicity setting (south-central Alaska)","docAbstract":"Sublacustrine landslide stratigraphy is considered useful for quantitative paleoseismology in low-seismicity settings. However, as the recharging of underwater slopes with sediments is one of the factors that governs the recurrence of slope failures, it is not clear if landslide deposits can provide continuous paleoseismic records in settings of frequent strong shaking. To test this, we selected three lakes in south-central Alaska that experienced a strong historical megathrust earthquake (the 1964 Mw9.2 Great Alaska Earthquake) and exhibit high sedimentation rates in their main basins (0.2 cm yr− 1–1.0 cm yr− 1). We present high-resolution reflection seismic data (3.5 kHz) and radionuclide data from sediment cores in order to investigate factors that control the establishment of a reliable landslide record. Seismic stratigraphy analysis reveals the presence of several landslide deposits in the lacustrine sedimentary infill. Most of these landslide deposits can be attributed to specific landslide events, as multiple landslide deposits sourced from different lacustrine slopes occur on a single stratigraphic horizon. We identify numerous events in the lakes: Eklutna Lake proximal basin (14 events), Eklutna Lake distal basin (8 events), Skilak Lake (7 events) and Kenai Lake (7 events). The most recent event in each basin corresponds to the historic 1964 megathrust earthquake. All events are characterized by multiple landslide deposits, which hints at a regional trigger mechanism, such as an earthquake (the synchronicity criterion). This means that the landslide record in each basin represents a record of past seismic events. Based on extrapolation of sedimentation rates derived from radionuclide dating, we roughly estimate a mean recurrence interval in the Eklutna Lake proximal basin, Eklutna Lake distal basin, Skilak Lake and Kenai Lake, at ~ 250 yrs., ~ 450 yrs., ~ 900 yrs. and ~ 450 yrs., respectively. This distinct difference in recording can be explained by variations in preconditioning factors like slope angle, slope recharging (sedimentation rate) and the sediment source area: faster slope recharging and a predominance of delta and alluvial fan failures, increase the sensitivity and lower the intensity threshold for slope instability. Also, the seismotectonic setting of the lakes has to be taken into account. This study demonstrates that sublacustrine landslides in several Alaskan lakes can be used as reliable recorders of strong earthquake shaking, when a multi-lake approach is used, and can enhance the temporal and spatial resolution of the paleoseismic record of south-central Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2016.05.004","usgsCitation":"Praet, N., Moernaut, J., Van Daele, M., Boes, E., Haeussler, P.J., Strupler, M., Schmidt, S., Loso, M.G., and De Batist, M., 2017, Paleoseismic potential of sublacustrine landslide records in a high-seismicity setting (south-central Alaska): Marine Geology, v. 384, p. 103-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.05.004.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"119","ipdsId":"IP-073802","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GK6YZG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Gridded Data from Multibeam Bathymetric Surveys of Eklutna, Kenai, and Skilak Lakes, Alaska"},{"id":470106,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.05.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.5009765625,\n 59.108308258604964\n ],\n [\n -147.48046875,\n 59.108308258604964\n ],\n [\n -147.48046875,\n 61.37567331572747\n ],\n [\n -153.5009765625,\n 61.37567331572747\n ],\n [\n -153.5009765625,\n 59.108308258604964\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"384","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595b5797e4b0d1f9f0536db1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Praet, Nore","contributorId":194083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Praet","given":"Nore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moernaut, Jasper","contributorId":194084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moernaut","given":"Jasper","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Daele, Maarten 0000-0002-8530-4438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-4438","contributorId":194085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Daele","given":"Maarten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27279,"text":"Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boes, Evelien","contributorId":194086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boes","given":"Evelien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Strupler, Michael","contributorId":194087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strupler","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmidt, Sabine","contributorId":194088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Sabine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Loso, Michael G.","contributorId":146361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loso","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12915,"text":"Alaska Pacific University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"De Batist, Marc 0000-0002-1625-2080","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-2080","contributorId":194089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Batist","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70193924,"text":"70193924 - 2017 - Prior knowledge-based approach for associating contaminants with biological effects: A case study in the St. Croix River basin, MN, WI, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T10:14:48","indexId":"70193924","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prior knowledge-based approach for associating contaminants with biological effects: A case study in the St. Croix River basin, MN, WI, USA","docAbstract":"Evaluating potential adverse effects of complex chemical mixtures in the environment is challenging. One way to address that challenge is through more integrated analysis of chemical monitoring and biological effects data. In the present study, water samples from five locations near two municipal wastewater treatment plants in the St. Croix River basin, on the border of MN and WI, USA, were analyzed for 127 organic contaminants. Known chemical-gene interactions were used to develop site-specific knowledge assembly models (KAMs) and formulate hypotheses concerning possible biological effects associated with chemicals detected in water samples from each location. Additionally, hepatic gene expression data were collected for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed in situ, for 12 d, at each location. Expression data from oligonucleotide microarrays were analyzed to identify functional annotation terms enriched among the differentially-expressed probes. The general nature of many of the terms made hypothesis formulation on the basis of the transcriptome-level response alone difficult. However, integrated analysis of the transcriptome data in the context of the site-specific KAMs allowed for evaluation of the likelihood of specific chemicals contributing to observed biological responses. Thirteen chemicals (atrazine, carbamazepine, metformin, thiabendazole, diazepam, cholesterol, p-cresol, phenytoin, omeprazole, ethyromycin, 17β-estradiol, cimetidine, and estrone), for which there was statistically significant concordance between occurrence at a site and expected biological response as represented in the KAM, were identified. While not definitive, the approach provides a line of evidence for evaluating potential cause-effect relationships between components of a complex mixture of contaminants and biological effects data, which can inform subsequent monitoring and investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Pollution","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.005","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, A.L., Martinovic-Weigelt, D., Ankley, G., Lee, K., Garcia-Reyero, N., Perkins, E.J., Schoenfuss, H.L., and Villeneuve, D.L., 2017, Prior knowledge-based approach for associating contaminants with biological effects: A case study in the St. Croix River basin, MN, WI, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 221, p. 427-436, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"436","ipdsId":"IP-065526","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6139436","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River Basin","volume":"221","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8d0e4b09af898c8613c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Anthony L.","contributorId":173596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12503,"text":"University of Minnesota - Saint Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma","contributorId":173655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinovic-Weigelt","given":"Dalma","affiliations":[{"id":6748,"text":"University of St. Thomas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ankley, Gerald T.","contributorId":177970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ankley","given":"Gerald T.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garcia-Reyero, Natalia","contributorId":43961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Reyero","given":"Natalia","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":26924,"text":"USArmy Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perkins, Edward J.","contributorId":89063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":26924,"text":"USArmy Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Villeneuve, Daniel L.","contributorId":32091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villeneuve","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189317,"text":"70189317 - 2017 - Human health screening and public health significance of contaminants of emerging concern detected in public water supplies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T09:02:13","indexId":"70189317","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human health screening and public health significance of contaminants of emerging concern detected in public water supplies","docAbstract":"The source water and treated drinking water from twenty five drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) across the United States were sampled in 2010–2012. Samples were analyzed for 247 contaminants using 15 chemical and microbiological methods. Most of these contaminants are not regulated currently either in drinking water or in discharges to ambient water by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) or other U.S. regulatory agencies. This analysis shows that there is little public health concern for most of the contaminants detected in treated water from the 25 DWTPs participating in this study. For vanadium, the calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) was less than the screening MOE in two DWTPs. For silicon, the calculated MOE was less than the screening MOE in one DWTP. Additional study, for example a national survey may be needed to determine the number of people ingesting vanadium and silicon above a level of concern. In addition, the concentrations of lithium found in treated water from several DWTPs are within the range previous research has suggested to have a human health effect. Additional investigation of this issue is necessary. Finally, new toxicological data suggest that exposure to manganese at levels in public water supplies may present a public health concern which will require a robust assessment of this information.
","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.146","usgsCitation":"Benson, R., Conerly, O.D., Sander, W., Batt, A.L., Boone, J.S., Furlong, E.T., Glassmeyer, S., Kolpin, D.W., and Mash, H., 2017, Human health screening and public health significance of contaminants of emerging concern detected in public water supplies: Science of Total Environment, v. 579, p. 1643-1648, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.146.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1643","endPage":"1648","ipdsId":"IP-061632","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6277017","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"579","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b227e4b0d1f9f05b37df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Robert","contributorId":194436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benson","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conerly, Octavia D.","contributorId":194437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conerly","given":"Octavia","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sander, William","contributorId":194438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sander","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batt, Angela L.","contributorId":184134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batt","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boone, J. Scott","contributorId":178697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boone","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glassmeyer, Susan T.","contributorId":72924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmeyer","given":"Susan T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mash, Heath","contributorId":184088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mash","given":"Heath","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70190678,"text":"70190678 - 2017 - Integration of genetic and demographic data to assess population risk in a continuously distributed species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T14:33:09","indexId":"70190678","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of genetic and demographic data to assess population risk in a continuously distributed species","docAbstract":"The identification and demographic assessment of biologically meaningful populations is fundamental to species’ ecology and management. Although genetic tools are used frequently to identify populations, studies often do not incorporate demographic data to understand their respective population trends. We used genetic data to define subpopulations in a continuously distributed species. We assessed demographic independence and variation in population trends across the distribution. Additionally, we identified potential barriers to gene flow among subpopulations. We sampled greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) leks from across their range (≈175,000 Km2) in Wyoming and amplified DNA at 14 microsatellite loci for 1761 samples. Subsequently, we assessed population structure in unrelated individuals (n = 872) by integrating results from multiple Bayesian clustering approaches and used the boundaries to inform our assessment of long-term population trends and lek activity over the period of 1995–2013. We identified four genetic clusters of which two northern ones showed demographic independence from the others. Trends in population size for the northwest subpopulation were statistically different from the other three genetic clusters and the northeast and southwest subpopulations demonstrated a general trend of increasing proportion of inactive leks over time. Population change from 1996 to 2012 suggested population growth in the southern subpopulations and decline, or neutral, change in the northern subpopulations. We suggest that sage-grouse subpopulations in northern Wyoming are at greater risk of extirpation than the southern subpopulations due to smaller census and effective population sizes and higher variability within subpopulations. Our research is an example of incorporating genetic and demographic data and provides guidance on the identification of subpopulations of conservation concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-016-0885-7","usgsCitation":"Fedy, B., Row, J.R., and Oyler-McCance, S.J., 2017, Integration of genetic and demographic data to assess population risk in a continuously distributed species: Conservation Genetics, v. 18, no. 1, p. 89-104, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0885-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-060878","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b8f220e4b08b1644e0aeeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fedy, Bradley C.","contributorId":40536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedy","given":"Bradley C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Row, Jeffery R.","contributorId":178107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Row","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195760,"text":"70195760 - 2017 - Building the vegetation drought response index for Canada (VegDRI-Canada) to monitor agricultural drought: first results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:03:02","indexId":"70195760","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1722,"text":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building the vegetation drought response index for Canada (VegDRI-Canada) to monitor agricultural drought: first results","docAbstract":"Drought is a natural climatic phenomenon that occurs throughout the world and impacts many sectors of society. To help decision-makers reduce the impacts of drought, it is important to improve monitoring tools that provide relevant and timely information in support of drought mitigation decisions. Given that drought is a complex natural hazard that manifests in different forms, monitoring can be improved by integrating various types of information (e.g., remote sensing and climate) that is timely and region specific to identify where and when droughts are occurring. The Vegetation Drought Response Index for Canada (VegDRI-Canada) is a recently developed drought monitoring tool for Canada. VegDRI-Canada extends the initial VegDRI concept developed for the conterminous United States to a broader transnational coverage across North America. VegDRI-Canada models are similar to those developed for the United States, integrating satellite observations of vegetation status, climate data, and biophysical information on land use and land cover, soil characteristics, and other environmental factors. Collectively, these different types of data are integrated into the hybrid VegDRI-Canada to isolate the effects of drought on vegetation. Twenty-three weekly VegDRI-Canada models were built for the growing season (April–September) through the weekly analysis of these data using a regression tree-based data mining approach. A 15-year time series of VegDRI-Canada results (s to 2014) was produced using these models and the output was validated by randomly selecting 20% of the historical data, as well as holdout year (15% unseen data) across the growing season that the Pearson’s correlation ranged from 0.6 to 0.77. A case study was also conducted to evaluate the VegDRI-Canada results over the prairie region of Canada for two drought years and one non-drought year for three weekly periods of the growing season (i.e., early-, mid-, and late season). The comparison of the VegDRI-Canada map with the Canadian Drought Monitor (CDM), an independent drought indicator, showed that the VegDRI-Canada maps depicted key spatial drought severity patterns during the two targeted drought years consistent with the CDM. In addition, VegDRI-Canada was compared with canola yields in the Prairie Provinces at the regional scale for a period from 2000 to 2014 to evaluate the indices’ applicability for monitoring drought impacts on crop production. The result showed that VegDRI-Canada values had a relatively higher correlation (i.e., r > 0.5) with canola yield for nonirrigated croplands in the Canadian Prairies region in areas where drought is typically a limiting factor on crop growth, but showed a negative relationship in the southeastern Prairie region, where water availability is less of a limiting factor and in some cases a hindrance to crop growth when waterlogging occurs. These initial results demonstrate VegDRI-Canada’s utility for monitoring drought-related vegetation conditions, particularly in drought prone areas. In general, the results indicated that the VegDRI-Canada models showed sensitivity to known agricultural drought events in Canada over the 15-year period mainly for nonirrigated areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15481603.2017.1286728","usgsCitation":"Tadesse, T., Champagne, C., Wardlow, B.D., Hadwen, T.A., Brown, J.F., Demisse, G.B., Bayissa, Y.A., and Davidson, A.M., 2017, Building the vegetation drought response index for Canada (VegDRI-Canada) to monitor agricultural drought: first results: GIScience and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 2, p. 230-257, https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2017.1286728.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"257","ipdsId":"IP-082660","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/99a8bce08c6143daaa4fc548ecdb117b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":352144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -138.779296875,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -51.67968749999999,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -51.67968749999999,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -138.779296875,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -138.779296875,\n 41.83682786072714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8d3e4b0da30c1bfc4bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tadesse, Tsegaye 0000-0002-4102-1137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-1137","contributorId":147617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadesse","given":"Tsegaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champagne, Catherine","contributorId":202836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champagne","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27920,"text":"Agriculture and Agrifood Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardlow, Brian D. 0000-0002-4767-581X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-581X","contributorId":191403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wardlow","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hadwen, Trevor A.","contributorId":202837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hadwen","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27920,"text":"Agriculture and Agrifood Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":176609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Demisse, Getachew B.","contributorId":202845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demisse","given":"Getachew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bayissa, Yared A.","contributorId":202846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayissa","given":"Yared","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davidson, Andrew M.","contributorId":202847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davidson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70187165,"text":"70187165 - 2017 - Tracer-based characterization of hyporheic exchange and benthic biolayers in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:20:57","indexId":"70187165","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracer-based characterization of hyporheic exchange and benthic biolayers in streams","docAbstract":"Shallow benthic biolayers at the top of the streambed are believed to be places of enhanced biogeochemical turnover within the hyporheic zone. They can be investigated by reactive stream tracer tests with tracer recordings in the streambed and in the stream channel. Common in-stream measurements of such reactive tracers cannot localize where the processing primarily takes place, whereas isolated vertical depth profiles of solutes within the hyporheic zone are usually not representative of the entire stream. We present results of a tracer test where we injected the conservative tracer bromide together with the reactive tracer resazurin into a third-order stream and combined the recording of in-stream breakthrough curves with multidepth sampling of the hyporheic zone at several locations. The transformation of resazurin was used as an indicator of metabolism, and high-reactivity zones were identified from depth profiles. The results from our subsurface analysis indicate that the potential for tracer transformation (i.e., the reaction rate constant) varied with depth in the hyporheic zone. This highlights the importance of the benthic biolayer, which we found to be on average 2 cm thick in this study, ranging from one third to one half of the full depth of the hyporheic zone. The reach-scale approach integrated the effects of processes along the reach length, isolating hyporheic processes relevant for whole-stream chemistry and estimating effective reaction rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016WR019393","usgsCitation":"Knapp, J., Gonzalez-Pinzon, R., Drummond, J.D., Larsen, L., Cirpka, O.A., and Harvey, J.W., 2017, Tracer-based characterization of hyporheic exchange and benthic biolayers in streams: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 2, p. 1575-1594, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019393.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1575","endPage":"1594","ipdsId":"IP-080169","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr019393","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006062e4b0e85db3a5ddd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knapp, Julia L.A.","contributorId":191389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Julia L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo","contributorId":191362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez-Pinzon","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drummond, Jennifer D.","contributorId":191390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drummond","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G.","contributorId":191391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cirpka, Olaf A.","contributorId":191392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cirpka","given":"Olaf","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}