{"pageNumber":"1130","pageRowStart":"28225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70170212,"text":"70170212 - 2016 - The Chahnaly low sulfidation epithermal gold deposit, western Makran volcanic arc, southeastern Iran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T08:48:49","indexId":"70170212","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Chahnaly low sulfidation epithermal gold deposit, western Makran volcanic arc, southeastern Iran","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The Chahnaly low-sulfidation epithermal Au deposit and nearby Au prospects are located northwest of the intermittently active Bazman stratovolcano on the western end of the Makran volcanic arc, which formed as the result of subduction of the remnant Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the Lut block. The arc hosts the Siah Jangal epithermal and Kharestan porphyry prospects, near Taftan volcano, as well as the Saindak Cu-Au porphyry deposit and world-class Reko Diq Cu-Au porphyry deposit, near Koh-i-Sultan volcano to the east-northeast in Pakistan. The host rocks for the Chahnaly deposit include early Miocene andesite and andesitic volcaniclastic rocks that are intruded by younger dacitic domes. Unaltered late Miocene dacitic ignimbrites overlie these rocks. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon geochronology data yield ages between 21.8 and 9.9 Ma for the acidic-intermediate regional volcanism. The most recent volcanic activity of the Bazman stratovolcano involved extrusion of an olivine basalt during Pliocene to Quaternary times. Interpretation of geochemical data indicate that the volcanic rocks are synsubduction and calc-alkaline to subalkaline. The lack of a significant negative Eu anomaly, a listric-shaped rare earth element pattern, and moderate La/Yb ratios of host suites indicate a high water content of the source magma.</p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Gold and electrum are temporally and spatially related to a series of structurally controlled, 030&deg;-trending, subvertical hydrothermal breccias with chalcedony-adularia that cut porphyritic andesite and andesitic volcaniclastic rocks. Gold is associated with pyrite, a siliceous matrix of hydrothermal breccia, and previously formed vein clasts, as well as with iron oxides and hydroxides in oxidized zones. Rare silver minerals include Ag-bearing electrum and naumannite, iodargyrite, an unnamed silver diiodide, and hessite. Hydrothermal alteration is generally well developed surrounding the ore-bearing hydrothermal breccia. The main types of alteration in the area include an inner ~0.5- to 20-m-thick gold-bearing hydrothermal breccia composed of quartz-chalcedonyadularia-illite-pyrite, a ~5- to 50-m-thick zone of quartz, chalcedony, pyrite, illitic phengite, phengite, illitic muscovite, illite, illitic paragonite, paragonite, muscovite, montmorillonite and, rarely, siderite, and a 30- to 70-m outer propylitic zone of Fe-Mg chlorite, calcite, ankerite, dolomite, epidote, palygorskite, and pyrite.</p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">The Chahnaly Au deposit formed during the early stages of magmatism. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology of host andesite and 40Ar/39Ar dating of two samples of gold-associated adularia show that the ore-stage adularia (19.83 &plusmn; 0.10 and 19.2 &plusmn; 0.5 Ma) is younger, by as much as 1.5 million years, than the volcanic host rock (20.32 &plusmn; 0.4 Ma). Therefore, either hydrothermal activity continued well after volcanism or a second magmatic event rejuvenated hydrothermal activity. This second magmatic event may be related to eruption of porphyritic andesite at ~20.32 &plusmn; 0.40 Ma, which is within error of ~19.83 &plusmn; 0.10 Ma adularia. The new LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb host rock and vein adularia 40Ar/39Ar ages suggest that early Miocene magmatism and mineralization in the Bazman area is of a similar age to that of the Saindak porphyry and Tanjeel porphyry center of the giant Reko Diq deposit. This confirms the existence of early Miocene arc magmatism and mineralization along the Iranian part of the Makran volcanic arc. Ore, alteration mineralogy, and alteration patterns indicate that the Chahnaly deposit is a typical low-sulfidation epithermal Au deposit, located in a poorly explored part of the Makran volcanic arc in Iran. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.3.619","usgsCitation":"Sholeh, A., Rastad, E., Huston, D.L., Gemmell, J.B., and Taylor, R.D., 2016, The Chahnaly low sulfidation epithermal gold deposit, western Makran volcanic arc, southeastern Iran: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 3, p. 619-639, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.3.619.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"639","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055033","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran, Pakistan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              60.216064453125,\n              27.98470011861268\n            ],\n            [\n              60.216064453125,\n              29.869228848968312\n            ],\n            [\n              63.4075927734375,\n              29.869228848968312\n            ],\n            [\n              63.4075927734375,\n              27.98470011861268\n            ],\n            [\n              60.216064453125,\n              27.98470011861268\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f5f9de4b0ef3b7ca32970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sholeh, Ali","contributorId":168565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sholeh","given":"Ali","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25338,"text":"Tarbiat Modares University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rastad, Ebrahim","contributorId":119934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastad","given":"Ebrahim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huston, David L.","contributorId":67139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gemmell, J. Bruce","contributorId":168566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gemmell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":16141,"text":"University of Tasmania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290 rtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":3412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"rtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70170227,"text":"70170227 - 2016 - Geochemical evidence for seasonal controls on the transportation of Holocene loess, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T09:28:25","indexId":"70170227","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for seasonal controls on the transportation of Holocene loess, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Loess is a widespread Quaternary deposit in Alaska and loess accretion occurs today in some regions, such as the Matanuska Valley. The source of loess in the Matanuska Valley has been debated for more than seven decades, with the Knik River and the Matanuska River, both to the east, being the leading candidates and the Susitna River, to the west, as a less favorable source. We report here new stratigraphic, mineralogic, and geochemical data that test the competing hypotheses of these river sources. Loess thickness data are consistent with previous studies that show that a source or sources lay to the east, which rules out the Susitna River as a source. Knik and Matanuska River silts can be distinguished using Sc–Th–La, La</span><sub>N</sub><span>/Yb</span><sub>N</sub><span> vs. Eu/Eu</span><sup>∗</sup><span>, Cr/Sc, and As/Sb. Matanuska Valley loess falls clearly within the range of values for these ratios found in Matanuska River silt. Dust storms from the Matanuska River are most common in autumn, when river discharge is at a minimum and silt-rich point bars are exposed, wind speed from the north is beginning to increase after a low-velocity period in summer, snow depth is still minimal, and soil temperatures are still above freezing. Thus, seasonal changes in climate and hydrology emerge as critical factors in the timing of aeolian silt transport in southern Alaska. These findings could be applicable to understanding seasonal controls on Pleistocene loess accretion in Europe, New Zealand, South America, and elsewhere in North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.02.005","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Budahn, J.R., Skipp, G.L., and McGeehin, J., 2016, Geochemical evidence for seasonal controls on the transportation of Holocene loess, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska, USA: Aeolian Research, v. 21, p. 61-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.02.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-068983","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.02.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-162.255031,54.978353],[-162.30058,54.832594],[-162.41737,54.877491],[-162.255031,54.978353]]],[[[-160.0179,55.15613],[-159.889174,55.287138],[-159.905365,55.164689],[-159.816419,55.178051],[-160.183466,54.91568],[-160.191392,55.108574],[-160.0179,55.15613]]],[[[-159.455311,55.061452],[-159.328791,54.980598],[-159.426615,54.942266],[-159.455311,55.061452]]],[[[-161.718614,55.154166],[-161.608634,55.116906],[-161.862504,55.127598],[-161.718614,55.154166]]],[[[-160.506927,55.32773],[-160.486174,55.193617],[-160.806009,55.12567],[-160.797147,55.381521],[-160.344369,55.362962],[-160.330722,55.261045],[-160.506927,55.32773]]],[[[-160.21178,55.455862],[-160.141834,55.387154],[-160.27997,55.395905],[-160.21178,55.455862]]],[[[-165.790523,54.171758],[-165.714198,54.120815],[-166.098255,54.103538],[-166.002465,54.213629],[-165.790523,54.171758]]],[[[-165.523466,54.299895],[-165.405377,54.212837],[-165.629725,54.132558],[-165.681458,54.236914],[-165.523466,54.299895]]],[[[-162.801865,54.48944],[-162.588883,54.450064],[-162.611891,54.368077],[-162.86005,54.425452],[-162.801865,54.48944]]],[[[-170.286318,57.128169],[-170.311707,57.219122],[-170.161647,57.229656],[-170.286318,57.128169]]],[[[178.785825,51.633434],[179.462765,51.376176],[178.634021,51.623981],[178.785825,51.633434]]],[[[-176.762478,51.867878],[-176.789558,51.957211],[-176.603598,51.997056],[-176.543309,51.838624],[-176.268243,51.785498],[-176.930952,51.59247],[-176.918065,51.788003],[-176.762478,51.867878]]],[[[-177.800647,51.778294],[-177.909185,51.596671],[-178.172666,51.839985],[-177.615311,51.85508],[-177.800647,51.778294]]],[[[-177.360408,51.727533],[-177.631523,51.696844],[-177.099266,51.936119],[-177.13096,51.762772],[-177.360408,51.727533]]],[[[177.601645,52.016377],[177.235523,51.87326],[177.661607,52.112746],[177.601645,52.016377]]],[[[179.758993,51.946595],[179.649484,51.87367],[179.482464,51.982834],[179.758993,51.946595]]],[[[-174.301818,52.278949],[-174.408277,52.289872],[-174.185347,52.417788],[-173.989415,52.325275],[-174.177679,52.233638],[-174.090169,52.139119],[-175.27485,52.018619],[-174.301818,52.278949]]],[[[-173.602446,52.153773],[-173.019588,52.097881],[-173.511915,52.031278],[-174.04675,52.122403],[-173.602446,52.153773]]],[[[173.587554,52.476785],[173.769503,52.512072],[173.725696,52.356579],[173.3955,52.402647],[173.587554,52.476785]]],[[[172.763366,52.823656],[172.469022,52.911337],[173.107249,52.993228],[173.421682,52.845477],[172.763366,52.823656]]],[[[-168.211705,53.256184],[-169.041338,52.839348],[-168.617143,53.260985],[-168.366519,53.252024],[-168.315847,53.481729],[-167.816998,53.517947],[-167.872879,53.36736],[-168.211705,53.256184]]],[[[-166.728918,54.003111],[-166.57509,53.879236],[-166.373689,54.01003],[-166.210964,53.933557],[-166.547438,53.749404],[-166.119922,53.855048],[-166.111317,53.776856],[-166.656234,53.487119],[-167.798984,53.284757],[-167.102305,53.515077],[-167.16164,53.605909],[-167.041245,53.707929],[-166.779991,53.719126],[-167.141966,53.826932],[-166.728918,54.003111]]],[[[-169.553937,56.608682],[-169.473138,56.601741],[-169.75575,56.591922],[-169.553937,56.608682]]],[[[-165.721389,60.16962],[-165.539367,59.965175],[-166.157071,59.748886],[-167.111785,59.989349],[-167.421489,60.205431],[-166.847438,60.213592],[-166.124379,60.414253],[-165.697326,60.297238],[-165.721389,60.16962]]],[[[-173.052751,60.515252],[-172.951862,60.605671],[-172.269754,60.333887],[-172.595895,60.318233],[-173.052751,60.515252]]],[[[-160.918586,58.746935],[-160.700627,58.817368],[-160.880515,58.581325],[-161.07563,58.549916],[-160.918586,58.746935]]],[[[-151.930565,60.51632],[-151.839194,60.485862],[-152.079995,60.341191],[-151.930565,60.51632]]],[[[-131.246018,54.989555],[-131.253671,54.866779],[-131.469097,54.913153],[-131.246018,54.989555]]],[[[-131.759896,55.381845],[-131.748334,55.128588],[-131.870568,55.364553],[-131.759896,55.381845]]],[[[-158.800682,55.891025],[-158.7036,55.841532],[-158.889198,55.810123],[-158.800682,55.891025]]],[[[-131.56956,55.284114],[-131.350575,55.067042],[-131.579882,55.017576],[-131.56956,55.284114]]],[[[-133.344847,55.569327],[-133.289854,55.50187],[-133.609073,55.241486],[-133.690174,55.304409],[-133.733029,55.558757],[-133.644202,55.470815],[-133.344847,55.569327]]],[[[-133.104304,55.426907],[-133.416549,55.739647],[-133.701152,55.78516],[-133.347915,55.803943],[-133.384089,55.87677],[-133.799931,55.925349],[-133.548802,56.14284],[-133.593728,56.352192],[-133.094977,56.250583],[-132.146062,55.470346],[-132.514798,55.576767],[-132.608786,55.486348],[-132.408317,55.512522],[-132.166857,55.363039],[-132.214912,55.2457],[-131.979818,55.211787],[-132.180334,55.015557],[-131.984592,55.027978],[-131.999591,54.731975],[-132.142277,54.691674],[-132.55839,54.932612],[-132.598675,55.150482],[-132.748854,54.996007],[-133.119294,55.251405],[-132.909706,54.923594],[-132.650001,54.904387],[-132.676226,54.680865],[-132.866355,54.700386],[-133.21042,55.040269],[-133.223791,55.229317],[-133.473593,55.255547],[-133.021557,55.366336],[-133.104304,55.426907]]],[[[-147.483828,60.618636],[-147.487635,60.728092],[-147.3087,60.665274],[-147.483828,60.618636]]],[[[-147.217704,60.293504],[-146.962633,60.311911],[-147.533041,59.852401],[-147.912883,59.79224],[-147.217704,60.293504]]],[[[-147.562801,60.579821],[-147.720124,60.202002],[-147.908985,60.224359],[-147.782548,60.4833],[-147.562801,60.579821]]],[[[-132.977163,56.439673],[-132.634335,56.422174],[-132.662081,56.274795],[-133.010587,56.309492],[-132.977163,56.439673]]],[[[-135.631777,58.380673],[-135.538502,58.337842],[-135.727908,58.365444],[-135.631777,58.380673]]],[[[-134.713987,58.220748],[-134.215981,58.162128],[-133.832895,57.635733],[-134.202353,57.90633],[-133.870327,57.381298],[-134.565687,57.023737],[-134.646773,57.226327],[-134.578511,57.400291],[-134.486023,57.372492],[-134.969189,58.367542],[-134.713987,58.220748]]],[[[-155.656727,55.860872],[-155.564404,55.809476],[-155.718593,55.772356],[-155.656727,55.860872]]],[[[-152.24289,58.241192],[-152.265111,58.135732],[-152.562829,58.177979],[-152.706831,58.050577],[-153.075746,58.099571],[-152.876788,58.002307],[-152.982406,57.984697],[-153.419783,58.059638],[-153.156402,58.090087],[-153.209672,58.15035],[-152.610955,58.475775],[-152.56771,58.621304],[-152.354709,58.63828],[-152.493991,58.354684],[-152.328063,58.434372],[-151.964103,58.269049],[-152.081083,58.154275],[-152.24289,58.241192]]],[[[-153.940505,56.558317],[-154.343096,56.510171],[-154.223759,56.612955],[-153.940505,56.558317]]],[[[-152.417424,57.815464],[-152.324284,57.824444],[-152.468172,57.600996],[-152.179531,57.624809],[-152.323683,57.467861],[-152.9663,57.51217],[-152.601148,57.382165],[-153.079288,57.32196],[-152.97091,57.282624],[-153.163333,57.216713],[-152.874839,57.16095],[-153.301142,56.991192],[-153.328206,57.141993],[-153.675981,57.06983],[-153.543429,56.995245],[-153.97178,56.744861],[-154.129017,56.742168],[-153.804787,57.113158],[-154.298965,56.846479],[-154.574343,57.239919],[-154.777368,57.280008],[-154.629678,57.510197],[-154.22566,57.661366],[-153.994572,57.656905],[-153.802932,57.350896],[-153.877756,57.629529],[-153.667261,57.639008],[-153.93522,57.813047],[-153.721176,57.890615],[-153.557647,57.734741],[-153.324872,57.831048],[-153.528697,57.921717],[-153.469421,57.977282],[-153.127278,57.856748],[-153.299009,57.985626],[-152.723425,57.99172],[-152.904312,57.750825],[-152.415177,57.973081],[-152.324103,57.916604],[-152.417424,57.815464]]],[[[-134.283312,55.925175],[-134.173104,55.918519],[-134.327238,55.83644],[-134.283312,55.925175]]],[[[-134.121514,56.069847],[-134.224073,56.065223],[-134.292353,56.352644],[-134.067466,56.390987],[-134.089604,56.472582],[-134.401407,56.725419],[-134.339168,56.90183],[-134.19095,56.861675],[-134.273113,56.933823],[-133.76778,56.780469],[-133.713331,56.598298],[-133.895746,56.511217],[-133.971228,56.083293],[-134.054411,56.224854],[-134.121514,56.069847]]],[[[-132.546463,56.606563],[-132.984751,56.51264],[-133.325392,56.791864],[-133.089388,56.535474],[-133.603669,56.435413],[-133.689996,56.839421],[-134.049218,57.029203],[-133.104611,57.005701],[-132.546463,56.606563]]],[[[-134.666587,56.169947],[-135.054049,56.527658],[-135.005249,56.602252],[-135.398678,56.779201],[-135.372021,57.228003],[-135.674687,57.336747],[-135.526036,57.509697],[-134.849477,57.40967],[-134.615955,56.637289],[-134.666587,56.169947]]],[[[-135.587961,57.89732],[-135.29156,57.737468],[-134.929726,57.759203],[-134.824891,57.500067],[-135.025148,57.454315],[-135.571606,57.674397],[-135.669416,57.389296],[-135.892131,57.408048],[-136.563223,58.035052],[-136.354836,58.192279],[-136.404805,58.267232],[-136.239246,58.171913],[-135.823562,58.282975],[-135.522646,58.185909],[-135.581753,57.997568],[-135.420107,58.144202],[-134.912854,57.979287],[-135.140674,57.926114],[-134.991819,57.835436],[-135.19896,57.775092],[-135.587961,57.89732]]],[[[-135.703464,57.32204],[-135.575722,57.104231],[-135.854131,56.995043],[-135.755997,57.121225],[-135.849974,57.265895],[-135.703464,57.32204]]],[[[-162.587754,63.275727],[-162.252411,63.541753],[-161.310181,63.471312],[-160.809089,63.731332],[-160.976038,64.235761],[-161.492926,64.407851],[-161.388621,64.532783],[-161.024185,64.499719],[-160.783398,64.71716],[-161.149655,64.911985],[-161.42986,64.759027],[-162.188146,64.672395],[-162.790167,64.325182],[-162.940776,64.542417],[-163.217757,64.632062],[-163.311983,64.58828],[-163.033231,64.519314],[-163.175336,64.399334],[-163.597834,64.563356],[-165.001961,64.433917],[-166.189546,64.575798],[-166.451788,64.691761],[-166.410198,64.827968],[-166.530518,64.937114],[-166.911922,65.125965],[-166.521506,65.149242],[-166.439404,65.319058],[-167.398458,65.400259],[-168.127044,65.626584],[-165.80503,66.33331],[-164.400727,66.58111],[-163.754171,66.551284],[-163.904813,66.230303],[-164.046937,66.209404],[-163.623921,66.058281],[-161.838018,66.022582],[-161.548429,66.239912],[-161.067871,66.235164],[-161.360743,66.375943],[-161.912946,66.344436],[-161.87488,66.511446],[-162.501415,66.742503],[-162.601052,66.898455],[-162.271769,66.904144],[-162.013623,66.779406],[-162.033156,66.631585],[-161.624334,66.450143],[-161.326349,66.478371],[-161.86618,66.704978],[-161.719587,66.916898],[-161.485121,66.945647],[-161.62216,67.008146],[-163.69887,67.114443],[-163.878781,67.416125],[-164.209816,67.639079],[-166.784578,68.340431],[-166.305962,68.46154],[-166.222496,68.860441],[-163.973678,68.985044],[-163.137614,69.352178],[-163.016456,69.538142],[-163.118176,69.589156],[-162.916958,69.692512],[-163.010545,69.728109],[-161.922949,70.291599],[-160.839536,70.344534],[-159.209082,70.870067],[-159.132483,70.828359],[-159.290577,70.811262],[-159.13779,70.758609],[-157.768452,70.875842],[-156.56865,71.352561],[-155.513987,71.096794],[-155.95205,70.964831],[-155.969194,70.827982],[-155.543031,70.847175],[-155.03174,71.146473],[-154.61605,71.026182],[-154.577386,70.835335],[-154.181863,70.768325],[-153.23848,70.922467],[-152.259966,70.84282],[-152.187197,70.801546],[-152.471531,70.68884],[-152.433781,70.616926],[-151.695162,70.549675],[-151.91921,70.472686],[-151.844375,70.434959],[-149.461755,70.518271],[-147.681722,70.199954],[-145.842689,70.164102],[-144.902304,69.96451],[-143.574986,70.154598],[-142.746807,70.042531],[-141.377718,69.634631],[-141.002672,69.645609],[-141.00184,60.306105],[-139.989142,60.18524],[-139.738924,60.31842],[-139.086669,60.357654],[-139.200346,60.090701],[-137.604277,59.243057],[-137.526424,58.906834],[-136.581521,59.164909],[-136.474326,59.464194],[-136.234229,59.524731],[-136.256889,59.623646],[-135.477436,59.799626],[-135.254125,59.701339],[-135.027456,59.563692],[-134.961972,59.280376],[-134.702383,59.247836],[-134.250526,58.858046],[-133.379908,58.427909],[-133.461475,58.385526],[-132.29792,57.269469],[-132.371312,57.095229],[-132.051044,57.051155],[-132.080262,56.850926],[-131.9301,56.835211],[-131.849898,56.661227],[-130.102761,56.116696],[-130.023189,55.930665],[-130.150595,55.767031],[-129.982348,55.302079],[-130.409764,54.881192],[-130.854966,54.766341],[-131.093806,55.191335],[-130.925069,55.300713],[-130.901872,55.69738],[-131.093956,55.895675],[-131.243491,55.973689],[-130.94683,55.650716],[-130.959772,55.315892],[-131.000594,55.398012],[-131.160492,55.197481],[-131.263089,55.208318],[-131.191595,55.360527],[-131.402931,55.238065],[-131.828446,55.445214],[-131.664629,55.581525],[-131.713742,55.853263],[-131.828176,55.877284],[-131.936689,55.535151],[-132.183207,55.588128],[-132.283594,55.761774],[-132.067412,55.875078],[-131.943402,56.192557],[-132.320487,55.887648],[-132.708697,56.112124],[-132.543076,56.332276],[-132.382793,56.299203],[-132.394268,56.485579],[-132.204367,56.372086],[-132.371589,56.672473],[-132.528446,56.702056],[-132.432385,56.782385],[-132.770404,56.837486],[-132.91197,56.966651],[-132.813684,57.030218],[-133.466932,57.159356],[-133.489738,57.305192],[-133.287052,57.30292],[-133.475998,57.380394],[-133.478086,57.56173],[-133.66439,57.611707],[-133.65855,57.707924],[-133.234598,57.608749],[-134.049603,58.062027],[-134.087674,58.181952],[-134.631203,58.247446],[-135.368331,59.263275],[-135.295084,59.08761],[-135.38931,58.990528],[-135.142322,58.61637],[-135.056227,58.189884],[-135.433061,58.399899],[-135.90731,58.380839],[-136.120307,58.968418],[-136.150772,58.757266],[-136.247343,58.752935],[-136.877826,58.962392],[-136.928643,58.900131],[-136.463258,58.781607],[-136.422309,58.647412],[-136.246368,58.663185],[-136.041818,58.380161],[-136.70125,58.219416],[-137.608804,58.601234],[-138.131,59.002613],[-139.855565,59.53666],[-139.51818,59.687814],[-139.625896,59.904084],[-139.486032,60.012407],[-140.272266,59.700609],[-141.423134,59.877329],[-141.299609,59.937397],[-141.384318,60.071598],[-141.73624,59.961905],[-142.698419,60.093333],[-144.035037,60.020202],[-144.59088,59.795581],[-144.052539,60.041759],[-144.892815,60.292821],[-144.964135,60.444466],[-145.113885,60.300978],[-145.9469,60.455395],[-145.712891,60.583249],[-146.689523,60.271279],[-146.637783,60.467178],[-145.795141,60.601121],[-145.841742,60.685893],[-146.253471,60.622315],[-146.101458,60.719277],[-146.191553,60.73199],[-146.668151,60.692761],[-146.183555,60.846969],[-146.262969,60.867787],[-146.801009,60.80516],[-146.653827,61.047752],[-146.262451,61.090246],[-146.613659,61.118799],[-147.378483,60.877845],[-147.525453,60.896057],[-147.514173,61.096127],[-147.66899,60.841563],[-148.134384,60.791268],[-147.715826,61.249669],[-148.426951,60.827113],[-148.384491,60.687754],[-148.148059,60.758536],[-148.091712,60.676249],[-148.30652,60.550702],[-148.115163,60.596029],[-147.942106,60.444029],[-148.025994,60.279029],[-148.171278,60.335266],[-148.362497,60.221849],[-147.913221,60.132576],[-148.016432,59.999344],[-147.848469,60.078962],[-147.917935,59.985997],[-148.225235,59.950195],[-148.148011,59.994952],[-148.274241,60.013318],[-148.293213,60.151289],[-148.401601,59.9976],[-149.133115,60.044918],[-149.287588,59.906506],[-149.341584,60.076762],[-149.584254,59.866905],[-149.526358,59.703258],[-149.666147,59.850527],[-149.746364,59.860881],[-149.74622,59.637585],[-150.028296,59.788652],[-149.928962,59.723245],[-150.392481,59.387265],[-150.316945,59.585285],[-150.478742,59.458498],[-150.547729,59.590331],[-150.942212,59.233136],[-151.915684,59.227522],[-151.991618,59.313617],[-151.826047,59.439049],[-151.272459,59.555823],[-150.927312,59.793431],[-151.503822,59.633662],[-151.829137,59.720151],[-151.71801,60.009473],[-151.30609,60.387257],[-151.40927,60.720558],[-150.353702,61.031822],[-150.217179,60.930001],[-149.111617,60.878949],[-150.039304,61.144291],[-149.429513,61.447165],[-149.542776,61.489995],[-149.919682,61.26347],[-150.646221,61.296689],[-151.783271,60.868713],[-151.702833,60.727778],[-151.860179,60.753282],[-152.309221,60.506384],[-152.234199,60.393888],[-152.715881,60.241274],[-152.596784,60.101071],[-152.745083,59.904232],[-153.225937,59.858343],[-153.021945,59.834133],[-153.214156,59.634271],[-153.366613,59.633729],[-153.439977,59.784652],[-153.577828,59.555991],[-154.087803,59.367967],[-154.260121,59.14302],[-153.254798,58.861756],[-153.445002,58.70931],[-153.851432,58.611872],[-154.291163,58.13568],[-154.990431,58.013424],[-155.37861,57.710766],[-155.617188,57.769715],[-155.731412,57.555546],[-156.044031,57.564455],[-156.036722,57.470941],[-156.481632,57.338705],[-156.551239,57.2908],[-156.336427,57.336081],[-156.355401,57.159679],[-156.5472,56.986488],[-157.201724,56.767511],[-157.45759,56.848204],[-157.536486,56.615317],[-158.042012,56.596744],[-157.859766,56.483668],[-158.402954,56.455193],[-158.498837,56.38011],[-158.112718,56.240286],[-158.475258,56.093405],[-158.417889,56.036796],[-158.575042,56.121129],[-158.737009,55.953313],[-159.472801,55.83905],[-159.696713,55.573306],[-159.627482,55.803248],[-159.81107,55.85657],[-160.410823,55.66538],[-160.481633,55.489068],[-160.909625,55.52414],[-161.231535,55.357452],[-161.445196,55.368103],[-161.376102,55.569794],[-161.587047,55.62006],[-161.878076,55.223599],[-162.041236,55.236806],[-162.053281,55.074212],[-162.489735,55.064849],[-162.4168,55.104096],[-162.584872,55.298386],[-162.692309,55.197313],[-162.569289,54.97124],[-162.881639,54.934785],[-163.165036,55.099214],[-163.226313,55.042694],[-163.067008,54.979302],[-163.373207,54.800841],[-163.057228,54.688101],[-163.344791,54.751211],[-163.572383,54.623211],[-164.179617,54.599188],[-164.41682,54.431713],[-164.844931,54.417583],[-164.949781,54.575697],[-164.48678,54.922441],[-163.568159,55.049145],[-163.318885,54.88012],[-163.268767,55.145465],[-162.86152,55.198339],[-161.816225,55.888993],[-160.898682,55.999014],[-160.814205,55.953834],[-160.940845,55.822529],[-160.806014,55.738241],[-160.668102,55.723556],[-160.769155,55.858268],[-160.293924,55.765556],[-160.273176,55.856881],[-160.534541,55.989498],[-160.357156,56.279582],[-158.957471,56.851184],[-158.660298,56.789015],[-158.659945,57.034585],[-158.376249,57.265542],[-157.786046,57.542189],[-157.573472,57.522732],[-157.703782,57.721768],[-157.596601,58.08867],[-157.39735,58.173383],[-157.524477,58.414506],[-156.980888,58.891031],[-158.190283,58.61371],[-158.512547,58.78311],[-158.487015,58.999872],[-158.179588,59.012245],[-158.522231,59.021763],[-158.789632,58.814257],[-158.827852,58.626432],[-158.704052,58.482759],[-158.880927,58.39067],[-159.657362,58.938712],[-159.908386,58.779903],[-160.322922,58.953953],[-160.31778,59.070477],[-161.751999,58.551842],[-162.171722,58.648441],[-161.769501,58.774937],[-161.828171,59.062702],[-162.048584,59.254177],[-161.738312,59.46701],[-162.453176,60.27854],[-162.1724,60.624038],[-162.571198,60.25189],[-162.453176,60.197639],[-162.503647,59.99923],[-163.349027,59.81989],[-164.079837,59.828034],[-164.1916,60.024496],[-165.129403,60.433707],[-164.961439,60.508391],[-165.362975,60.506866],[-164.97125,60.711434],[-164.945958,60.92106],[-165.132488,60.850145],[-165.194945,60.9739],[-164.87045,61.079564],[-165.2897,61.181714],[-165.403007,61.06706],[-165.578127,61.100361],[-165.662892,61.29457],[-165.921194,61.40308],[-165.767226,61.45695],[-165.807627,61.529171],[-166.165232,61.550618],[-166.158976,61.700437],[-165.82214,61.67061],[-166.092081,61.800733],[-165.640216,61.848041],[-165.706155,62.108365],[-164.837703,62.685267],[-164.783858,62.946154],[-164.493118,63.17767],[-164.066991,63.262276],[-163.316203,63.037763],[-162.587754,63.275727]]],[[[-169.267598,63.343995],[-168.692939,63.302282],[-168.818344,63.163224],[-169.396308,63.136617],[-169.638309,62.937527],[-170.512102,63.341881],[-171.067663,63.424579],[-171.433319,63.307578],[-171.849984,63.485039],[-171.699647,63.781728],[-170.950817,63.570127],[-170.281988,63.68502],[-169.974858,63.470618],[-169.267598,63.343995]]],[[[-162.614621,63.621832],[-162.341892,63.594062],[-162.676581,63.555648],[-162.614621,63.621832]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"21","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f5f9ce4b0ef3b7ca32956","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.02.005","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.02.005","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Muhs Daniel R., Budahn James R., Skipp Gary L., McGeehin John P.","journalName":"Aeolian Research","publicationDate":"6/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":168575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skipp, Gary L. 0000-0002-9404-0980 gskipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-0980","contributorId":2102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","email":"gskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":167455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170921,"text":"70170921 - 2016 - 10,000 m under the sea: An overview of the HADES expedition to Kermadec Trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:55:55","indexId":"70170921","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"10,000 m under the sea: An overview of the HADES expedition to Kermadec Trench","docAbstract":"<p>The hadal zone of the world oceans (6000– 11,000 m) occupies &lt;1% of the marine realm and is found almost exclusively in trenches but represents ~40% of the total ocean depth range. Jamison et al. (2010 &amp; Jamison, 2015) have reviewed the current state of knowledge about the hydrology, physical characteristics, food supply, ecology and biodiversity of life in hadal trenches. This review concluded that, there appears to be a high level of endemism based on the few specimens collected from historical sampling efforts in the 1950s (Danish <i>Galathea</i> and Soviet <i>Vitjaz</i> expeditions), but because trenches are still largely unexplored there is a lot we do not know about the ecological structure and functioning of hadal environments. However, relatively recent advances in technology using remotely operated vehicles (ROV) and landers can help us explore hadal trenches in greater detail.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Kermadec Discoveries and Connections","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Kermadec Discoveries and Connections","conferenceDate":"April 11-12, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Queens Wharf, Wellington","language":"English","publisher":"Pew Foundation Charitable Trust","publisherLocation":"Wellington, NZ","usgsCitation":"Mills, S., Leduc, D., Drazen, J., Yancey, P., Jamieson, A., Clark, M., Rowden, A., Mayor, D., Piertney, S., Heyl, T., Bartlett, D., Bourque, J.R., Cho, W., Demopoulos, A.W., Fryer, P., Gerringer, M., Grammatopoulou, E., Herrera, S., Ichino, M., Lecroq, B., Linley, T., Meyer, K., Nunnally, C., Ruhl, H., Wallace, G., Young, C., and Shank, T., 2016, 10,000 m under the sea: An overview of the HADES expedition to Kermadec Trench, <i>in</i> Proceedings of Kermadec Discoveries and Connections, Queens Wharf, Wellington, April 11-12, 2016, p. 36-38.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-075761","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/analysis/2016/08/08/discoveries-and-connections-in-the-kermadecs"},{"id":340072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Kermadec Trench","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              170.947265625,\n              -36.10237644873643\n            ],\n            [\n              179.47265625,\n              -36.10237644873643\n            ],\n            [\n              179.47265625,\n              -19.72534224805787\n            ],\n            [\n              170.947265625,\n              -19.72534224805787\n            ],\n            [\n              170.947265625,\n              -36.10237644873643\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a4de4b0c3010a8087c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, S.","contributorId":169249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25457,"text":"NIWA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leduc, D.","contributorId":169250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leduc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25457,"text":"NIWA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drazen, J.C.","contributorId":50863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drazen","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yancey, P.","contributorId":169252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yancey","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16752,"text":"Whitman College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jamieson, A.J.","contributorId":169253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25458,"text":"U. of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, M.R.","contributorId":88135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowden, A.A.","contributorId":169254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowden","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25457,"text":"NIWA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mayor, D.J.","contributorId":169255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayor","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16752,"text":"Whitman College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Piertney, S.","contributorId":169256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piertney","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25458,"text":"U. of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Heyl, T.","contributorId":169257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heyl","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16633,"text":"WHOI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bartlett, D.","contributorId":169258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlett","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25459,"text":"SIO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bourque, Jill R. 0000-0003-3809-2601 jbourque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-2601","contributorId":5452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourque","given":"Jill","email":"jbourque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cho, W.","contributorId":7544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cho","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. 0000-0003-2096-4694 ademopoulos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":145681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","email":"ademopoulos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Fryer, P.","contributorId":65995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Gerringer, M.","contributorId":169259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerringer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25429,"text":"UH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Grammatopoulou, E.","contributorId":169260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grammatopoulou","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25460,"text":"U. Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Herrera, S.","contributorId":169261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrera","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16633,"text":"WHOI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ichino, M.","contributorId":169262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ichino","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25461,"text":"NOC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Lecroq, B.","contributorId":169263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lecroq","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24659,"text":"JAMSTEC, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Linley, T.D.","contributorId":169264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linley","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[{"id":25458,"text":"U. of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Meyer, K.","contributorId":28204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nunnally, C.","contributorId":169265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nunnally","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25429,"text":"UH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Ruhl, H.","contributorId":31416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Wallace, G.","contributorId":191225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Young, C.","contributorId":67709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Shank, T.M.","contributorId":169251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shank","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16633,"text":"WHOI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}}
,{"id":70170410,"text":"70170410 - 2016 - Effects of Coralliophila violacea on tissue loss in the scleractinian corals Porites spp. depend on host response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:30:28","indexId":"70170410","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-12T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of Coralliophila violacea on tissue loss in the scleractinian corals Porites spp. depend on host response","title":"Effects of Coralliophila violacea on tissue loss in the scleractinian corals Porites spp. depend on host response","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated interactions between the corallivorous gastropod&nbsp;</span><i>Coralliophila violacea</i><span>&nbsp;and its preferred hosts&nbsp;</span><i>Porites</i><span>&nbsp;spp. Our objectives were to experimentally determine whether tissue loss could progress in&nbsp;</span><i>Porites</i><span>&nbsp;during or after&nbsp;</span><i>Coralliophila</i><span>&nbsp;predation on corals with and without tissue loss and to histologically document snail predation. In 64% of feeding scars, tissue regenerated within 3 wk, leaving no trace of predation. However, in roughly 28% of scars, lesions progressed to subacute tissue loss resembling white syndrome. In feeding experiments, scars from snails previously fed diseased tissue developed progressive tissue loss twice as frequently as scars from snails previously fed healthy tissue. Scars from previously healthy-fed snails were 3 times as likely to heal as those from previously diseased-fed snails. Histology revealed marked differences in host responses to snails;&nbsp;</span><i>P. cylindrica</i><span>&nbsp;manifested a robust inflammatory response with fewer secondary colonizing organisms such as algae, sponges, and helminths, whereas&nbsp;</span><i>P. rus</i><span>&nbsp;showed no evident inflammation and more secondary colonization. We conclude that lesion progression associated with&nbsp;</span><i>Coralliophila</i><span>&nbsp;may be associated with secondary colonization of coral tissues damaged by predator-induced trauma and necrosis. Importantly, variation at the cellular level should be considered when explaining interspecific differences in host responses in corals impacted by phenomena such as predation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao02982","usgsCitation":"Raymundo, L., Work, T.M., Miller, R.L., and Lozada-Misa, P., 2016, Effects of Coralliophila violacea on tissue loss in the scleractinian corals Porites spp. depend on host response: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 119, p. 75-83, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02982.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066889","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02982","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a83ce4b0ef3b7caba528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymundo, L.","contributorId":77777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymundo","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lozada-Misa, P.L.","contributorId":168737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lozada-Misa","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25351,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170469,"text":"70170469 - 2016 - Ecosystem level methane fluxes from tidal freshwater and brackish marshes of the Mississippi River Delta: Implications for coastal wetland carbon projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T08:34:10","indexId":"70170469","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-12T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem level methane fluxes from tidal freshwater and brackish marshes of the Mississippi River Delta: Implications for coastal wetland carbon projects","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sulfate from seawater inhibits methane production in tidal wetlands, and by extension, salinity has been used as a general predictor of methane emissions. With the need to reduce methane flux uncertainties from tidal wetlands, eddy covariance (EC) techniques provide an integrated methane budget. The goals of this study were to: 1) establish methane emissions from natural, freshwater and brackish wetlands in Louisiana based on EC; and 2) determine if EC estimates conform to a methane-salinity relationship derived from temperate tidal wetlands with chamber sampling. Annual estimates of methane emissions from this study were 62.3&nbsp;g CH</span><sub><span>4</span></sub><span>/m</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>/yr and 13.8&nbsp;g CH</span><sub><span>4</span></sub><span>/m</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>/yr for the freshwater and brackish (8–10&nbsp;psu) sites, respectively. If it is assumed that long-term, annual soil carbon sequestration rates of natural marshes are ~200&nbsp;g C/m</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>/yr (7.3 tCO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>e/ha/yr), healthy brackish marshes could be expected to act as a net radiative sink, equivalent to less than one-half the soil carbon accumulation rate after subtracting methane emissions (4.1 tCO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>e/ha/yr). Carbon sequestration rates would need case-by-case assessment, but the EC methane emissions estimates in this study conformed well to an existing salinity-methane model that should serve as a basis for establishing emission factors for wetland carbon offset projects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0746-7","usgsCitation":"Holm, G., Perez, B.C., McWhorter, D.E., Krauss, K.W., Johnson, D., Raynie, R.C., and Killebrew, C.J., 2016, Ecosystem level methane fluxes from tidal freshwater and brackish marshes of the Mississippi River Delta: Implications for coastal wetland carbon projects: Wetlands, v. 36, no. 3, p. 401-413, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0746-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"413","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066949","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.2032470703125,\n              29.940655389125002\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2911376953125,\n              30.007273923504556\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4998779296875,\n              30.007273923504556\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68115234375,\n              29.869228848968312\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.758056640625,\n              29.692824739380754\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7415771484375,\n              29.511330027309146\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              29.420460341013133\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.19775390625,\n              29.477861195816843\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1593017578125,\n              29.7453016622136\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2032470703125,\n              29.940655389125002\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b2de4b071321fe31c63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm, Guerry O.","contributorId":79219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"Guerry O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perez, Brian C.","contributorId":42286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McWhorter, David E.","contributorId":168801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWhorter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":18062,"text":"CH2MHILL, Austin, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Darren J.","contributorId":100291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Darren J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raynie, Richard C.","contributorId":168802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raynie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13608,"text":"Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Killebrew, Charles J.","contributorId":168803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Killebrew","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13608,"text":"Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70168793,"text":"sim3353 - 2016 - Map of landslides triggered by the January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T11:01:37","indexId":"sim3353","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-12T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3353","title":"Map of landslides triggered by the January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>The magnitude (M) 7.0 Haiti earthquake of January 12, 2010, triggered landslides throughout much of Haiti on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea. The epicenter of the quake was located at 18.44°N., 72.57°W. at a depth of 13 kilometers (km) approximately 25 km southwest of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Although estimates vary widely, the most reliable surveys of casualties indicate that the earthquake caused 158,679 fatalities and more than 300,000 injuries. The U.S. Geological Survey compared publicly available satellite imagery acquired both before and after the earthquake and mapped 23,567 landslides that were triggered by the strong shaking. Our mapping from aerial photography and satellite imagery was augmented by field observations.</p><p>Most of the landslides triggered by the earthquake were south of the Léogâne fault on the footwall and were fairly shallow falls and slides in weathered limestone (2–5 meters [m] thick) and volcanic rock and soil (generally &lt;1 m thick). Landslides extended from the north to the south coasts of the southwestern peninsula (southwest of Port-au-Prince) and almost 60 km to the east and west of the epicenter. The highest concentration of landslides was on the steep limestone slopes of incised river valleys, but large numbers of landslides also occurred on gentler slopes in weathered volcanic rocks. Although some high landslide concentrations did occur near areas of maximum fault slip, the overall distribution of landslides appears to involve complex interactions between geology, topography, and strong shaking with limited spatial correlation between fault slip and landslides.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3353","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Jibson, R.W., and Schmitt, R.G., 2016, Map of landslides triggered by the January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3353, 15 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:150,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3353.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 15 p.; 2 Maps: 36.0 x 29.0 inches; Read Me; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068322","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3353/sim3353.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"22.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3533 Pamphlet"},{"id":319848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3353/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":319858,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3353/sim3353_map_geo.pdf","text":"Georeferenced Map","size":"85.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3533 Georeferenced Map"},{"id":319873,"rank":8,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3353/sim3353_LS_inventory.met","text":"Metadata","size":"12.0 kB","description":"SIM 3533 Metadata (met)"},{"id":319872,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3353/sim3353_shapefile.zip","text":"Shapefile","size":"11.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3533 Shapefile"},{"id":319856,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3353/sim3353_readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"8.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3533 ReadMe file"},{"id":319857,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3353/sim3353_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"18.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3533 Map"},{"id":319867,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3353/sim3353_Haiti_Landslide_inventory.gdb.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"6.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3533 Geodatabase"},{"id":319875,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3353/sim3353_LS_inventory.xml","text":"Metadata (xml)","size":"11.0 kB","description":"SIM 3533 Metadata (xml)"}],"country":"Haiti","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.1,\n              18.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.1,\n              18.65\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.9,\n              18.65\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.9,\n              18.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.1,\n              18.1\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Center Director, USGS Geologic Hazards Science Center <br>Box 25046, Mail Stop 966<br>Denver, CO 80225</p><p><a href=\"http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/\">http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of Study Area</li><li>The 2010 Haiti Earthquake</li><li>Mapping and Interpretation</li><li>Landslides Triggered by the Earthquake</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570e0e1ae4b0ef3b7ca220b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmitt, Robert G. 0000-0001-8060-1954 rschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-1954","contributorId":5611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Robert","email":"rschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70177031,"text":"70177031 - 2016 - Estimating evapotranspiration and groundwater flow from water-table fluctuations for a general wetland scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T16:04:56","indexId":"70177031","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating evapotranspiration and groundwater flow from water-table fluctuations for a general wetland scenario","docAbstract":"The use of diurnal water-table fluctuation methods to calculate evapotranspiration (ET) and groundwater flow is of increasing interest in ecohydrological studies. Most studies of this type, however, have been located in riparian wetlands of semi-arid regions where groundwater levels are consistently below topographic surface elevations and precipitation events are infrequent. Current methodologies preclude application to a wider variety of wetland systems. In this study, we extended a method for estimating sub-daily ET and groundwater flow rates from water-level fluctuations to fit highly dynamic, non-riparian wetland scenarios. Modifications included (1) varying the specific yield to account for periodic flooded conditions and (2) relating empirically derived ET to estimated potential ET for days when precipitation events masked the diurnal signal. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we estimated ET and groundwater fluxes over two growing seasons (2006–2007) in 15 wetlands within a ridge-and-swale wetland complex of the Laurentian Great Lakes under flooded and non-flooded conditions. Mean daily ET rates for the sites ranged from 4.0 mm d−1 to 6.6 mm d−1. Shallow groundwater discharge rates resulting from evaporative demand ranged from 2.5 mm d−1 to 4.3 mm d−1. This study helps to expand our understanding of the evapotranspirative demand of plants under various hydrologic and climate conditions. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/eco.1356","usgsCitation":"Weber, L.C., Wiley, M.J., and Wilcox, D., 2016, Estimating evapotranspiration and groundwater flow from water-table fluctuations for a general wetland scenario: Ecohydrology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 378-390, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1356.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-018006","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/106891","text":"External Repository"},{"id":329644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329620,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eco.1356/abstract"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, Lisa C.","contributorId":124586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiley, Michael J.","contributorId":139111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6649,"text":"University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas 0000-0002-2871-4131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-4131","contributorId":175418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27569,"text":"SUNY – College at Brockport","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170207,"text":"70170207 - 2016 - Validation of ultrasound as a noninvasive tool to measure subcutaneous fat depth in leatherback sea turtles (<i>Dermochelys coriacea</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-18T10:20:27","indexId":"70170207","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-11T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of ultrasound as a noninvasive tool to measure subcutaneous fat depth in leatherback sea turtles (<i>Dermochelys coriacea</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Leatherback turtles (</span><i><i>Dermochelys coriacea</i></i><span>) undergo substantial cyclical changes in body condition between foraging and nesting. Ultrasonography has been used to measure subcutaneous fat as an indicator of body condition in many species but has not been applied in sea turtles. To validate this technique in leatherback turtles, ultrasound images were obtained from 36 live-captured and dead-stranded immature and adult turtles from foraging and nesting areas in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Ultrasound measurements were compared with direct measurements from surgical biopsy or necropsy. Tissue architecture was confirmed histologically in a subset of turtles. The dorsal shoulder region provided the best site for differentiation of tissues. Maximum fat depth values with the front flipper in a neutral (45&ndash;90&deg;) position demonstrated good correlation with direct measurements. Ultrasound-derived fat measurements may be used in the future for quantitative assessment of body condition as an index of health in this critically endangered species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2015-0023.1","usgsCitation":"Harris, H.S., Benson, S.R., James, M.C., Martin, K.J., Stacy, B.A., Daoust, P., Rist, P.M., Work, T.M., Balazs, G.H., and Seminoff, J.A., 2016, Validation of ultrasound as a noninvasive tool to measure subcutaneous fat depth in leatherback sea turtles (<i>Dermochelys coriacea</i>): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 47, no. 1, p. 275-279, https://doi.org/10.1638/2015-0023.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"279","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063169","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570cbc9ce4b0ef3b7ca0dbe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Heather S.","contributorId":97235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, Scott R.","contributorId":49096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, Michael C.","contributorId":168556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25333,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4T3, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Kelly J.","contributorId":168557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25334,"text":"Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 U.S. Highway 1, Juno Beach, Florida, 33408, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stacy, Brian A.","contributorId":74698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacy","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Daoust, Pierre-Yves","contributorId":168558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daoust","given":"Pierre-Yves","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25335,"text":"University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rist, Paul M.","contributorId":168559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rist","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25335,"text":"University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Balazs, George H.","contributorId":127680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balazs","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7109,"text":"NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI 96818.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Seminoff, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":77005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seminoff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70170200,"text":"70170200 - 2016 - Response of ecosystem metabolism to low densities of spawning Chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:28:33","indexId":"70170200","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-11T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of ecosystem metabolism to low densities of spawning Chinook salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Marine derived nutrients delivered by large runs of returning salmon are thought to subsidize the in situ food resources that support juvenile salmon. In the Pacific Northwest, USA, salmon have declined to &lt;10% of their historical abundance, with subsequent declines of marine derived nutrients once provided by large salmon runs. We explored whether low densities (&lt;0.001 spawners/m</span><span>2</span><span>) of naturally spawning Chinook Salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>) can affect ecosystem metabolism. We measured gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) continuously before, during, and after salmon spawning. We compared downstream reaches with low densities of spawning salmon to upstream reaches with fewer or no spawners in 3 mid-sized (4</span><span>th</span><span>-order) rivers in northern Washington. In addition, we measured chemical, physical, and biological factors that may be important in controlling rates of GPP and ER. We observed that low densities of spawning salmon can increase GPP by 46% during spawning, but values quickly return to those observed before spawning. No difference in ER was observed between up- and downstream reaches. Based on our results, salmon density, temperature, and the proximity to salmon redds were the most important factors controlling rates of GPP, whereas temperature was most important for ER. These results suggest that even at low spawning densities, salmon can stimulate basal resources that may propagate up the food web. Understanding how recipient ecosystems respond to low levels of marine derived nutrients may inform nutrient augmentation studies aimed at enhancing fish populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","doi":"10.1086/686686","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, J.R., Bellmore, J., and Watson, G.A., 2016, Response of ecosystem metabolism to low densities of spawning Chinook salmon: Freshwater Science, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1874-1890, https://doi.org/10.1086/686686.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1874","endPage":"1890","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062729","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570cbc9ae4b0ef3b7ca0dbda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benjamin, Joseph R. 0000-0003-3733-6838 jbenjamin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-6838","contributorId":3999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Joseph","email":"jbenjamin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellmore, J. Ryan jbellmore@usgs.gov","contributorId":4527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellmore","given":"J. Ryan","email":"jbellmore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Grace A. gwatson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Grace","email":"gwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170199,"text":"70170199 - 2016 - Quaternary alluvial fans of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, northern México: OSL ages and implications for climatic history of the region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T19:11:05.395441","indexId":"70170199","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-11T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5070,"text":"Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary alluvial fans of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, northern México: OSL ages and implications for climatic history of the region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Alluvial fans formed from sediments derived from erosion of the Juárez Mountains in northernmost México have a significant flood impact on the Ciudad Juárez, which is built on the fan system. The northern part of Ciudad Juárez is the most active; further south, older parts of the fan, upon which the rest of the city is built, were largely eroded by natural processes prior to human habitation and subsequently modified only recently by human construction. Three aeolian sand samples, collected from the uppermost (youngest) parts of the fan system in the city area, in places where human intervention has not disturbed the sediment, and constrain the latest dates of fan building. Depositional ages of the Quaternary alluvial fans were measured using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) on aeolian sands that have inter-fingered with alluvial fan material. These dates are: a) sample P1, 31 ka; b) sample P2, 41 ka; c) sample P3, 74 ka, between Oxygen Isotope Stages (OIS) 3 to 5. They demonstrate that fan development, in the area now occupied by the city, terminated in the Late Pleistocene, immediately after what we interpret to have been an extended period of erosion without further deposition, lasting from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. The three dates broadly correspond to global glacial periods, implying that the cool, dry periods may reflect periods of aeolian transport in northern México in between phases that were wetter to form the alluvial fans. Alluvial fan margins inter-finger with fluvial terrace sediments derived from the Río Bravo, indicating an additional component of fan dissection by Río Bravo lateral erosion, presumed to be active during earlier times than our OSL ages, but these are not yet dated. Further dating is required to ascertain the controls on the fan and fluvial system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sociedad Geológica Mexicana","doi":"10.18268/BSGM2016v68n1a13","usgsCitation":"Zuniga de Leon, D., Kershaw, S., and Mahan, S.A., 2016, Quaternary alluvial fans of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, northern México: OSL ages and implications for climatic history of the region: Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, v. 68, no. 1, p. 111-128, https://doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2016v68n1a13.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064242","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2016v68n1a13","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","city":"Ciudad Juarez","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.5289306640625,\n              31.630290821551032\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5289306640625,\n              31.753860822284455\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.42353057861327,\n              31.753860822284455\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.42353057861327,\n              31.630290821551032\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5289306640625,\n              31.630290821551032\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570cbc9ae4b0ef3b7ca0dbd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuniga de Leon, David","contributorId":168549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zuniga de Leon","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25331,"text":"University of Juárez, Chihuahua, México","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kershaw, Stephen","contributorId":168550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kershaw","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25332,"text":"Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70164456,"text":"sir20165012 - 2016 - Variability in rainfall at monitoring stations and derivation of a long-term rainfall intensity record in the Grand Canyon Region, Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T09:26:18","indexId":"sir20165012","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-11T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5012","title":"Variability in rainfall at monitoring stations and derivation of a long-term rainfall intensity record in the Grand Canyon Region, Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">In this study, we examine rainfall datasets of varying temporal length, resolution, and spatial distribution to characterize rainfall depth, intensity, and seasonality for monitoring stations along the Colorado River within Marble and Grand Canyons. We identify maximum separation distances between stations at which rainfall measurements might be most useful for inferring rainfall characteristics at other locations. We demonstrate a method for applying relations between daily rainfall depth and intensity, from short-term high-resolution data to lower-resolution longer-term data, to synthesize a long-term record of daily rainfall intensity from 1950&ndash;2012. We consider the implications of our spatio-temporal characterization of rainfall for understanding local landscape change in sedimentary deposits and archaeological sites, and for better characterizing past and present rainfall and its potential role in overland flow erosion within the canyons. We find that rainfall measured at stations within the river corridor is spatially correlated at separation distances of tens of kilometers, and is not correlated at the large elevation differences that separate stations along the Colorado River from stations above the canyon rim. These results provide guidance for reasonable separation distances at which rainfall measurements at stations within the Grand Canyon region might be used to infer rainfall at other nearby locations along the river. Like other rugged landscapes, spatial variability between rainfall measured at monitoring stations appears to be influenced by canyon and rim physiography and elevation, with preliminary results suggesting the highest elevation landform in the region, the Kaibab Plateau, may function as an important orographic influence. Stations at specific locations within the canyons and along the river, such as in southern (lower) Marble Canyon and eastern (upper) Grand Canyon, appear to have strong potential to receive high-intensity rainfall that can generate runoff which may erode alluvium. The characterization of past and present rainfall variability in this study will be useful for future studies that evaluate more spatially continuous datasets in order to better understand the rainfall dynamics within this, and potentially other, deep canyons.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165012","usgsCitation":"Caster, Joshua, and Sankey, J.B., 2016, Variability in rainfall at monitoring stations and derivation of a long-term rainfall intensity record in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5012, 38 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165012.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065524","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5012/cover.jpg"},{"id":319915,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5012/sir20165012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5012 Report"},{"id":319916,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5012/sir20165012_appendix4.csv","text":"Appendix 4","size":"400 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIR 2016-5012 Appendix 4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.0655517578125,\n              35.68407153314097\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0655517578125,\n              37.02448395075965\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3629150390625,\n              37.02448395075965\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3629150390625,\n              35.68407153314097\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0655517578125,\n              35.68407153314097\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/about/contact/personnel.aspx\">SBSC Staff</a>, Southwest Biological Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> 2255 N. Gemini Drive<br /> Flagstaff, AZ 86001<br /> <a href=\"http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/\">http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Materials and Methods</li>\n<li>Short-Term Spatial Rainfall Variability</li>\n<li>Long-Term Rainfall Depth Variability</li>\n<li>Long-Term Rainfall Intensity Variability</li>\n<li>Results</li>\n<li>Validation of Seasonal Depth-Intensity Models</li>\n<li>Estimation of Rainfall Intensity at NOAA COOP Stations</li>\n<li>Discussion</li>\n<li>Conclusions</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570cbc9de4b0ef3b7ca0dbed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caster, Joshua J. 0000-0002-2858-1228 jcaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-1228","contributorId":131114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168417,"text":"ofr20161018 - 2016 - Revisions to the original extent of the Devonian Shale-Middle and Upper Paleozoic Total Petroleum System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T13:20:27","indexId":"ofr20161018","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-11T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1018","title":"Revisions to the original extent of the Devonian Shale-Middle and Upper Paleozoic Total Petroleum System","docAbstract":"<p>Technically recoverable undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in continuous accumulations are present in Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian strata in the Appalachian Basin Petroleum Province. The province includes parts of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. The Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian strata are part of the previously defined Devonian Shale-Middle and Upper Paleozoic Total Petroleum System (TPS) that extends from New York to Tennessee. This publication presents a revision to the extent of the Devonian Shale-Middle and Upper Paleozoic TPS. The most significant modification to the maximum extent of the Devonian Shale-Middle and Upper Paleozoic TPS is to the south and southwest, adding areas in Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi where Devonian strata, including potential petroleum source rocks, are present in the subsurface up to the outcrop. The Middle to Upper Devonian Chattanooga Shale extends from southeastern Kentucky to Alabama and eastern Mississippi. Production from Devonian shale has been established in the Appalachian fold and thrust belt of northeastern Alabama. Exploratory drilling has encountered Middle to Upper Devonian strata containing organic-rich shale in west-central Alabama. The areas added to the TPS are located in the Valley and Ridge, Interior Low Plateaus, and Appalachian Plateaus physiographic provinces, including the portion of the Appalachian fold and thrust belt buried beneath Cretaceous and younger sediments that were deposited on the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161018","usgsCitation":"Enomoto, C.B., Rouse, W.A., Trippi, M.H., and Higley, D.K., 2016, Revisions to the original extent of the Devonian Shale-Middle and Upper Paleozoic Total Petroleum System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1018, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161018.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 6 p.; Shapefiles; Metadata Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068927","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319798,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1018/ofr20161018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"432 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1018"},{"id":319797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1018/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319922,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1018/ofr20161018_tps506704-metadata.zip","text":"Shapefiles and Metadata Files","size":"1.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016-1018"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.76220703125,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.79394531249999,\n              42.90816007196054\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5185546875,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.232421875,\n              41.623655390686395\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.00146484374999,\n              38.71980474264239\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.17675781249999,\n              36.63316209558658\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.330078125,\n              34.90395296559004\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.67041015625,\n              33.08233672856376\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.396484375,\n              32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.05712890625,\n              36.58024660149866\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.47558593749999,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.35546875,\n              41.1455697310095\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.76220703125,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> Mail Stop 956<br> 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br> Reston, VA 20192<br> <a href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/\">http://energy.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Revision</li><li>Conclusion</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570cbc9be4b0ef3b7ca0dbde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rouse, William A. 0000-0002-0790-370X wrouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-370X","contributorId":4172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouse","given":"William","email":"wrouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170127,"text":"70170127 - 2016 - Tree-ring-based estimates of long-term seasonal precipitation in the Souris River Region of Saskatchewan, North Dakota and Manitoba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T19:56:27","indexId":"70170127","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-11T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1180,"text":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree-ring-based estimates of long-term seasonal precipitation in the Souris River Region of Saskatchewan, North Dakota and Manitoba","docAbstract":"<p>Historically unprecedented flooding occurred in the Souris River Basin of Saskatchewan, North Dakota and Manitoba in 2011, during a longer term period of wet conditions in the basin. In order to develop a model of future flows, there is a need to evaluate effects of past multidecadal climate variability and/or possible climate change on precipitation. In this study, tree-ring chronologies and historical precipitation data in a four-degree buffer around the Souris River Basin were analyzed to develop regression models that can be used for predicting long-term variations of precipitation. To focus on longer term variability, 12-year moving average precipitation was modeled in five subregions (determined through cluster analysis of measures of precipitation) of the study area over three seasons (November&ndash;February, March&ndash;June and July&ndash;October). The models used multiresolution decomposition (an additive decomposition based on powers of two using a discrete wavelet transform) of tree-ring chronologies from Canada and the US and seasonal 12-year moving average precipitation based on Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Data and US Historical Climatology Network data. Results show that precipitation varies on long-term (multidecadal) time scales of 16, 32 and 64 years. Past extended pluvial and drought events, which can vary greatly with season and subregion, were highlighted by the models. Results suggest that the recent wet period may be a part of natural variability on a very long time scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2016.1164627","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., Vecchia, A.V., Akyuz, F.A., and Lin, W., 2016, Tree-ring-based estimates of long-term seasonal precipitation in the Souris River Region of Saskatchewan, North Dakota and Manitoba: Canadian Water Resources Journal, v. 41, no. 3, p. 412-428, https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2016.1164627.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"412","endPage":"428","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061513","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Manitoba, North Dakota, Saskatchewan","otherGeospatial":"Souris River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.798828125,\n              47.5913464767971\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.798828125,\n              50.45750402042058\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.89892578125,\n              50.45750402042058\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.89892578125,\n              47.5913464767971\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.798828125,\n              47.5913464767971\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570cbc9ce4b0ef3b7ca0dbe5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1080/07011784.2016.1164627","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2016.1164627","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","authors":"Ryberg Karen R., Vecchia Aldo V., Akyüz F. Adnan, Lin Wei","journalName":"Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques","publicationDate":"4/5/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401 avecchia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":1173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"avecchia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akyuz, F. Adnan","contributorId":140760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Akyuz","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Adnan","affiliations":[{"id":13555,"text":"North Dakota Climate Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, Wei","contributorId":93805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170406,"text":"70170406 - 2016 - Hg concentrations in fish from coastal waters of California and Western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:23:12","indexId":"70170406","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-09T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hg concentrations in fish from coastal waters of California and Western North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>The State of California conducted an extensive and systematic survey of mercury (Hg) in fish from the California coast in 2009 and 2010. The California survey sampled 3483 fish representing 46 species at 68 locations, and demonstrated that methylHg in fish presents a widespread exposure risk to fish consumers. Most of the locations sampled (37 of 68) had a species with an average concentration above 0.3&nbsp;&mu;g/g&nbsp;wet weight (ww), and 10 locations an average above 1.0&nbsp;&mu;g/g&nbsp;ww. The recent and robust dataset from California provided a basis for a broader examination of spatial and temporal patterns in fish Hg in coastal waters of Western North America. There is a striking lack of data in publicly accessible databases on Hg and other contaminants in coastal fish. An assessment of the raw data from these databases suggested the presence of relatively high concentrations along the California coast and in Puget Sound, and relatively low concentrations along the coasts of Alaska and Oregon, and the outer coast of Washington. The dataset suggests that Hg concentrations of public health concern can be observed at any location on the coast of Western North America where long-lived predator species are sampled. Output from a linear mixed-effects model resembled the spatial pattern observed for the raw data and suggested, based on the limited dataset, a lack of trend in fish Hg over the nearly 30-year period covered by the dataset. Expanded and continued monitoring, accompanied by rigorous data management procedures, would be of great value in characterizing methylHg exposure, and tracking changes in contamination of coastal fish in response to possible increases in atmospheric Hg emissions in Asia, climate change, and terrestrial Hg control efforts in coastal watersheds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.093","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Ross, J., Bezalel, S., Sim, L., Bonnema, A., Ichikawa, G., Heim, W., Schiff, K., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Ackerman, J., 2016, Hg concentrations in fish from coastal waters of California and Western North America: Science of the Total Environment, v. 568, p. 1146-1156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.093.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1146","endPage":"1156","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073269","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.3876953125,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08007812499999,\n              47.931066347509784\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1240234375,\n              46.9502622421856\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03613281249999,\n              46.042735653846506\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2119140625,\n              45.61403741135093\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              44.11914151643737\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4755859375,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              41.77131167976407\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.88281249999999,\n              37.09023980307208\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.87207031250001,\n              36.20882309283712\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.2568359375,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.24609374999999,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3232421875,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.79589843749999,\n              33.54139466898275\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.26855468749999,\n              32.657875736955305\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.158203125,\n              32.509761735919426\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.99316406249999,\n              32.657875736955305\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91601562499999,\n              33.394759218577995\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05859375,\n              33.65120829920497\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.84960937499999,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3876953125,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              37.19533058280065\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.70605468750001,\n              38.30718056188316\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.62890625,\n              39.436192999314095\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.1123046875,\n              43.197167282501276\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.67285156250001,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5849609375,\n              45.42929873257377\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              48.28319289548349\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              48.60385760823255\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.27734374999999,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.70605468750001,\n              48.31242790407178\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3984375,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3544921875,\n              48.719961222646276\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3876953125,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -132.978515625,\n              54.41892996865827\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.7373046875,\n              54.64841250231667\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.0341796875,\n              55.178867663281984\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.0341796875,\n              55.801280971180454\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.2099609375,\n              56.072035471800866\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.693359375,\n              56.3409012041991\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.7041015625,\n              56.8249328650072\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.099609375,\n              56.92099675839107\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.7587890625,\n              57.633639928856965\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.59375,\n              58.401711667608\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.208984375,\n              58.768200159239576\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.6923828125,\n              59.085738569819505\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.86816406249997,\n              59.355596110016315\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.52734375,\n              59.734253447591364\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.1865234375,\n              59.66774058164963\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.1865234375,\n              59.33318942659219\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.3291015625,\n              58.92733441827545\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.0322265625,\n              59.489726035537075\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.73535156249997,\n              59.82273188377389\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.21874999999997,\n              60.10867046303597\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.21874999999997,\n              60.34869562531862\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.70214843749997,\n              60.21799073323445\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.3173828125,\n              60.21799073323445\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.1083984375,\n              60.326947742998414\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.9765625,\n              60.909073282636484\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.1630859375,\n              61.10078883158897\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.349609375,\n              61.39671887310411\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.283203125,\n              61.85614879566797\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.3818359375,\n              62.08331486294795\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.0078125,\n              62.08331486294795\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.8095703125,\n              62.103882522897855\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.6552734375,\n              61.938950426660604\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.017578125,\n              61.66902436927203\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.984375,\n              61.05828537037916\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9951171875,\n              60.04290359809164\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.40136718749997,\n              58.99531118795094\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.36816406249997,\n              58.309488840677645\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.73046875,\n              57.25528054528889\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.4990234375,\n              56.559482483762245\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.7841796875,\n              55.677584411089505\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.5087890625,\n              54.749990970226925\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.2333984375,\n              53.82659674299413\n            ],\n            [\n              -174.5947265625,\n              53.014783245859235\n            ],\n            [\n              -177.71484375,\n              52.64306343665892\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.38476562499997,\n              52.05249047600099\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.38476562499997,\n              50.98609893339354\n            ],\n            [\n              -177.3193359375,\n              50.84757295365389\n            ],\n            [\n              -174.462890625,\n              51.37178037591739\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.2548828125,\n              51.91716758909015\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.57421875,\n              52.3755991766591\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.4208984375,\n              53.04121304075649\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.6962890625,\n              53.74871079689897\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.54296875,\n              54.13669645687002\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.30175781249997,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.115234375,\n              54.826007999094955\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.95117187499997,\n              55.47885346331034\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6767578125,\n              56.1944808772697\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.6552734375,\n              57.25528054528889\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.259765625,\n              57.938183012205315\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6005859375,\n              58.69977573144006\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.0625,\n              59.512029386502704\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.43652343749997,\n              59.40036514079251\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.42578125,\n              59.689926220143356\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.228515625,\n              59.40036514079251\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.8662109375,\n              59.689926220143356\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.591796875,\n              59.445075099047166\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.74609375,\n              58.88194208135912\n            ],\n            [\n              -138.0322265625,\n              58.309488840677645\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.7138671875,\n              57.088515327886505\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.966796875,\n              56.389583525613055\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.7802734375,\n              55.20395325785898\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.59375,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.978515625,\n              54.41892996865827\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.2919921875,\n              18.60460138845525\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6328125,\n              19.683970235888456\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9072265625,\n              20.673905264672843\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.708984375,\n              21.94304553343818\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.37890625,\n              22.63429269379353\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.7080078125,\n              22.836945920943855\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.4111328125,\n              21.739091217718574\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.6201171875,\n              20.838277806058933\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.345703125,\n              20.838277806058933\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.02734375,\n              20.3034175184893\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.6650390625,\n              19.269665296502332\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.09375,\n              18.271086109608877\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.86328125,\n              18.22935133838668\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.2919921875,\n              18.60460138845525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"568","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a843e4b0ef3b7caba593","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.093","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.093","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Davis J.A., Ross J.R.M., Bezalel S., Sim L., Bonnema A., Ichikawa G., Heim W.A., Schiff K., Eagles-Smith C.A., Ackerman J.T.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"10/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Jay","contributorId":150405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, John","contributorId":168729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bezalel, Shira","contributorId":168730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bezalel","given":"Shira","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sim, Lawrence","contributorId":168731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sim","given":"Lawrence","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonnema, Autumn","contributorId":140921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonnema","given":"Autumn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ichikawa, Gary","contributorId":140920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ichikawa","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heim, Wes","contributorId":63324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heim","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schiff, Kenneth C","contributorId":117688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiff","given":"Kenneth C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70170142,"text":"ofr20161060 - 2016 - Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T08:27:37","indexId":"ofr20161060","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1060","title":"Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2014","docAbstract":"<p>The Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is part of the Natural Hazards activity, as funded by Congressional appropriation. Investigations are carried out by the USGS and with cooperators at the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, University of Hawaiʻi Mānoa and Hilo, University of Utah, and University of Washington Geophysics Program. This report lists publications from all of these institutions.</p>\n<p>Only published papers and maps are included here; abstracts presented at scientific meetings are omitted. Publication dates are based on year of issue, with no attempt to assign them to a fiscal year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161060","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, Manuel, 2016, Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1060, 12 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161060.","productDescription":"ii, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074027","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1060/ofr20161060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"127 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1060"},{"id":319912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1060/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vhp/contact/\" target=\"_blank\">Program Coordinator</a>, Volcano Hazards Program&nbsp;<br />U.S. Geological Survey&nbsp;<br />12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 904&nbsp;<br />Reston, VA 20192&nbsp;<br /><a href=\"http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/</a></p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570ccad4e4b0ef3b7ca147a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70169018,"text":"tm7C13 - 2016 - User’s guide for GcClust—An R package for clustering of regional geochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:06:32.9755","indexId":"tm7C13","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7-C13","title":"User’s guide for GcClust—An R package for clustering of regional geochemical data","docAbstract":"<p>GcClust is a software package developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for statistical clustering of regional geochemical data, and similar data such as regional mineralogical data. Functions within the software package are written in the R statistical programming language. These functions, their documentation, and a copy of the user’s guide are bundled together in R’s unit of sharable code, which is called a “package.” The user’s guide includes step-by-step instructions showing how the functions are used to cluster data and to evaluate the clustering results. These functions are demonstrated in this report using test data, which are included in the package.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Computer Programs in Book 7: <i>Automated Data Processing and Computations</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm7C13","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J, and Smith, D.B., 2016, User's guide for GcClust—An R package for clustering of regional geochemical data: U.S. Geological Survey report Techniques and Methods 7–C13, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm7c13.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; Installation Instructions; Example R Scripts; GcClust; Read Me File","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072334","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320329,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://github.com/USGS-R/GcClust","text":"GcClust Source Code","description":"TM 7-C13GcClust Source Code"},{"id":319810,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/GcClust_1.0.tar.gz","text":"GcClust","size":"1.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"TM 7-C13 GcClust"},{"id":319809,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/ProcessScripts.R","text":"Example R scripts","size":"6.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"TM 7-C13 Example R scripts"},{"id":319808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/InstallationInstructions.txt","text":"Installation Instructions","size":"2.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"TM 7-C13 Installation Instructions"},{"id":319807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/00ReadMe.txt","text":"Read Me File","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"TM 7-C13 Read Me"},{"id":319806,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/tm7c13.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 7-C13"},{"id":319805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c13/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 13 of Section C: Computer Programs in Book 7: <i>Automated Data Processing and Computations</i>.","contact":"<p>Center Director, USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources<br>Science Center<br>Box 25046, Mail Stop 973<br>Denver, CO 80225</p><p><a href=\"http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/\">http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Organization of the Geochemical Data</li><li>Preparatory Steps</li><li>Pre-Processing and Analysis</li><li>Monte Carlo Sampling</li><li>Checking the Model</li><li>Splitting the Geochemical Data</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Installation Instructions</li><li>Appendix 2. Process Scripts</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570ccadfe4b0ef3b7ca147c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":622550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175896,"text":"70175896 - 2016 - Debris flow occurrence and sediment persistence, Upper Colorado River Valley, CO","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T15:32:04","indexId":"70175896","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Debris flow occurrence and sediment persistence, Upper Colorado River Valley, CO","docAbstract":"<p><span>Debris flow magnitudes and frequencies are compared across the Upper Colorado River valley to assess influences on debris flow occurrence and to evaluate valley geometry effects on sediment persistence. Dendrochronology, field mapping, and aerial photographic analysis are used to evaluate whether a 19th century earthen, water-conveyance ditch has altered the regime of debris flow occurrence in the Colorado River headwaters. Identifying any shifts in disturbance processes or changes in magnitudes and frequencies of occurrence is fundamental to establishing the historical range of variability (HRV) at the site. We found no substantial difference in frequency of debris flows cataloged at eleven sites of deposition between the east (8) and west (11) sides of the Colorado River valley over the last century, but four of the five largest debris flows originated on the west side of the valley in association with the earthen ditch, while the fifth is on a steep hillslope of hydrothermally altered rock on the east side. These results suggest that the ditch has altered the regime of debris flow activity in the Colorado River headwaters as compared to HRV by increasing the frequency of debris flows large enough to reach the Colorado River valley. Valley confinement is a dominant control on response to debris flows, influencing volumes of aggradation and persistence of debris flow deposits. Large, frequent debris flows, exceeding HRV, create persistent effects due to valley geometry and geomorphic setting conducive to sediment storage that are easily delineated by valley confinement ratios which are useful to land managers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-016-0695-1","usgsCitation":"Grimsley, K.J., Rathburn, S.L., Friedman, J.M., and Mangano, J.F., 2016, Debris flow occurrence and sediment persistence, Upper Colorado River Valley, CO: Environmental Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 76-92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0695-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061452","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park, Upper Colorado River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.87833404541014,\n              40.4090520858275\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.87833404541014,\n              40.50231368920858\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8144760131836,\n              40.50231368920858\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8144760131836,\n              40.4090520858275\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.87833404541014,\n              40.4090520858275\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82db2e4b03fd6b7da3671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimsley, Kyle J","contributorId":173887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimsley","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathburn, Sara L.","contributorId":140606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathburn","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13539,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mangano, Joseph F. 0000-0003-4213-8406 jmangano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8406","contributorId":4722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"Joseph","email":"jmangano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157329,"text":"sir20155137 - 2016 - Hydraulic model and flood-inundation maps developed for the Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:22:46","indexId":"sir20155137","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5137","title":"Hydraulic model and flood-inundation maps developed for the Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>A one-dimensional step-backwater model was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, to provide a means for predicting flood-plain inundation. The model was developed for selected reaches of the Pee Dee River, Brown Creek, and Rocky River, using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software. Multiple cross sections were defined on each modeled stream, and hydrologic data were collected between August 2011 and August 2013 at selected locations on the Pee Dee River and on its tributaries Brown Creek, Rocky River, and Thoroughfare Creek. Cross-section, stage, and flow data were used to develop the model and&nbsp;simulate water-surface profiles at 1.0-foot increments at the USGS streamgage Pee Dee River at Pee Dee Refuge near Ansonville, N.C. The profiles were produced for 31 selected water levels that ranged from approximately 193.0 feet to 223.0 feet in elevation at the Pee Dee River at Pee Dee Refuge streamgage.</p>\n<p>A series of digital flood-inundation maps were developed on the basis of the water-surface profiles produced by the model. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Program Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation</a>, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels at the USGS streamgage Pee Dee River at Pee Dee Refuge near Ansonville, N.C. These maps, when combined with real-time water-level information from USGS streamgages, provide managers with critical information to help plan flood-response activities and resource protection efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.G., and Wagner, C.R., 2016, Hydraulic model and flood-inundation maps developed for the Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5137, 14 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155137.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 14 p.; Metadata: 3 downloadable files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069288","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/sir20155137.pdf","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5137"},{"id":319789,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/sir20155137_peedee.xml","size":"15.6 KB xml","description":"SIR 2015-5137"},{"id":319787,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/sir20155137_peedee-grids.zip","size":"302 MB grids","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5137"},{"id":319788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/sir20155137_peedee-shapefiles.zip","size":"18.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":4,"text":"shapefile"},"description":"SIR 2015-5137"},{"id":319757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5137/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.266667,\n              35.233333\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.266667,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.85,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.85,\n              35.233333\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.266667,\n              35.233333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210<br> <a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/\">http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Constructing Water-Surface Profiles</li><li>Inundation Mapping</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477a9e4b0b13d3914e097","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170140,"text":"70170140 - 2016 - Mineral commodity summaries 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T16:53:37","indexId":"70170140","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":368,"text":"Mineral Commodity Summaries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Mineral commodity summaries 2016","docAbstract":"<p>This report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering 2015 nonfuel mineral industry data. Data sheets contain information on the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for more than 90 individual minerals and materials</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70170140","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Mineral commodity summaries 2016: U.S. Geological Survey, 202 p, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/70140094.","productDescription":"202 p.","numberOfPages":"205","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072363","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70170140.JPG"},{"id":319942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/index.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477ace4b0b13d3914e0ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, Joyce A. 0000-0003-1608-5611 jober@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5611","contributorId":394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"Joyce","email":"jober@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170185,"text":"70170185 - 2016 - An analysis of water data systems to inform the Open Water Data Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-04T15:36:35","indexId":"70170185","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of water data systems to inform the Open Water Data Initiative","docAbstract":"<p><span>Improving access to data and fostering open exchange of water information is foundational to solving water resources issues. In this vein, the Department of the Interior's Assistant Secretary for Water and Science put forward the charge to undertake an Open Water Data Initiative (OWDI) that would prioritize and accelerate work toward better water data infrastructure. The goal of the OWDI is to build out the Open Water Web (OWW). We therefore considered the OWW in terms of four conceptual functions: water data cataloging, water data as a service, enriching water data, and community for water data. To describe the current state of the OWW and identify areas needing improvement, we conducted an analysis of existing systems using a standard model for describing distributed systems and their business requirements. Our analysis considered three OWDI-focused use cases&mdash;flooding, drought, and contaminant transport&mdash;and then examined the landscape of other existing applications that support the Open Water Web. The analysis, which includes a discussion of observed successful practices of cataloging, serving, enriching, and building community around water resources data, demonstrates that we have made significant progress toward the needed infrastructure, although challenges remain. The further development of the OWW can be greatly informed by the interpretation and findings of our analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Associaton","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12417","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, D.L., Read, E.K., Lucido, J., Slawecki, T., and Young, D., 2016, An analysis of water data systems to inform the Open Water Data Initiative: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 52, no. 4, p. 845-858, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12417.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"858","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071340","costCenters":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12417","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570ccaace4b0ef3b7ca14703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, David L. 0000-0001-9489-1710 dblodgett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-1710","contributorId":3868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"David","email":"dblodgett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Read, Emily K. 0000-0002-9617-9433 eread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-9433","contributorId":5815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Emily","email":"eread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucido, Jessica M. jlucido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucido","given":"Jessica M.","email":"jlucido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slawecki, Tad","contributorId":168540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slawecki","given":"Tad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25325,"text":"LimnoTech, 501 Avis Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48108","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Dwane","contributorId":168541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Dwane","affiliations":[{"id":25326,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC, USA  20460","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188535,"text":"70188535 - 2016 - Tomographic Rayleigh-wave group velocities in the Central Valley, California centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:14:42","indexId":"70188535","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tomographic Rayleigh-wave group velocities in the Central Valley, California centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta","docAbstract":"If shaking from a local or regional earthquake in the San Francisco Bay region were to rupture levees in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta then brackish water from San Francisco Bay would contaminate the water in the Delta: the source of fresh water for about half of California. As a prelude to a full shear-wave velocity model that can be used in computer simulations and further seismic hazard analysis, we report on the use of ambient noise tomography to build a fundamental-mode, Rayleigh-wave group velocity model for the region around the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta in the western Central Valley, California. Recordings from the vertical component of about 31 stations were processed to compute the spatial distribution of Rayleigh wave group velocities. Complex coherency between pairs of stations were stacked over 8 months to more than a year. Dispersion curves were determined from 4 to about 18 seconds. We calculated average group velocities for each period and inverted for deviations from the average for a matrix of cells that covered the study area. Smoothing using the first difference is applied.  Cells of the model were about 5.6 km in either dimension. Checkerboard tests of resolution, which is dependent on station density, suggest that the resolving ability of the array is reasonably good within the middle of the array with resolution between 0.2 and 0.4 degrees. Overall, low velocities in the middle of each image reflect the deeper sedimentary syncline in the Central Valley. In detail, the model shows several centers of low velocity that may be associated with gross geologic features such as faulting along the western margin of the Central Valley, oil and gas reservoirs, and large cross cutting features like the Stockton arch. At shorter periods around 5.5s, the model’s western boundary between low and high velocities closely follows regional fault geometry and the edge of a residual isostatic gravity low. In the eastern part of the valley, the boundaries of the low velocity zone and gravity anomaly are better aligned at longer periods (around 10.5s) suggesting that the eastern edge of the gravity low is associated with deeper structure. There is a strong correspondence between a low in gravity near the Kirby Hills fault and low velocities from the ambient noise tomography.  At longer periods, higher velocities creep in from the east and narrow the overall dimension defined by the lower velocities. Overall, there is a strong correspondence between the shape and location of low velocities in the Rayleigh wave velocity images, and geological and geophysical features.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012376","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.P., Erdem, J., Seats, K., and Lawrence, J., 2016, Tomographic Rayleigh-wave group velocities in the Central Valley, California centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 4, p. 2429-2446, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012376.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"2429","endPage":"2446","ipdsId":"IP-062590","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012376","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley, Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.7117919921875,\n              39.89709437260048\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01416015625,\n              38.225235239076824\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4813232421875,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.00341796874999,\n              37.08585785263673\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.67932128906249,\n              36.730079507078415\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.55895996093749,\n              37.53150992479082\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.7017822265625,\n              38.043765107439675\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.08630371093749,\n              38.543869175876154\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.80590820312499,\n              39.317300373271024\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2838134765625,\n              39.774769485295465\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.948486328125,\n              40.29628651711716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              40.53050177574321\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97021484374999,\n              40.53050177574321\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.398681640625,\n              40.40094763151963\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72277832031251,\n              40.225024210604964\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7117919921875,\n              39.89709437260048\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b39e4b0764e6c65dc30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erdem, Jemile 0000-0003-2353-9431 jerdem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-9431","contributorId":127700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdem","given":"Jemile","email":"jerdem@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seats, Kevin","contributorId":192927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seats","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawrence, Jesse","contributorId":192928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Jesse","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170099,"text":"70170099 - 2016 - Influence of manatees' diving on their risk of collision with watercraft","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:44:59","indexId":"70170099","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-07T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of manatees' diving on their risk of collision with watercraft","docAbstract":"<p><span>Watercraft pose a threat to endangered Florida manatees (</span><i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i><span>). Mortality from watercraft collisions has adversely impacted the manatee population&rsquo;s growth rate, therefore reducing this threat is an important management goal. To assess factors that contribute to the risk of watercraft strikes to manatees, we studied the diving behavior of nine manatees carrying GPS tags and time&ndash;depth recorders in Tampa Bay, Florida, during winters 2002&ndash;2006. We applied a Bayesian formulation of generalized linear mixed models to depth data to model the probability (</span><i>P</i><sub><i>t</i></sub><span>) that manatees would be no deeper than 1.25 m from the water&rsquo;s surface as a function of behavioral and habitat covariates. Manatees above this threshold were considered to be within striking depth of a watercraft. Seventy-eight percent of depth records (individual range 62&ndash;86%) were within striking depth (mean = 1.09 m, max = 16.20 m), illustrating how vulnerable manatees are to strikes. In some circumstances manatees made consecutive dives to the bottom while traveling, even in areas &gt;14 m, possibly to conserve energy. This is the first documentation of potential cost-efficient diving behavior in manatees. Manatees were at higher risk of being within striking depth in shallow water (&lt;0.91 m), over seagrass, at night, and while stationary or moving slowly; they were less likely to be within striking depth when &le;50 m from a charted waterway. In shallow water the probability of a manatee being within striking depth was 0.96 (CI = 0.93&ndash;0.98) and decreased as water depth increased. The probability was greater over seagrass (</span><i>P</i><sub><i>t</i></sub><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>=</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>0.96, CI = 0.93&ndash;0.98) than over other substrates (</span><i>P</i><sub><i>t</i></sub><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>= 0.73, CI = 0.58&ndash;0.84). Quantitative approaches to assessing risk can improve the effectiveness of manatee conservation measures by helping identify areas for protection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLos One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0151450","usgsCitation":"Edwards, H.H., Martin, J., Deutsch, C., Muller, R.G., Koslovsky, S.M., Smith, A., and Barlas, M., 2016, Influence of manatees' diving on their risk of collision with watercraft: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 4, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151450.","productDescription":"15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060636","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151450","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.76275634765625,\n              28.13133880763851\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4139404296875,\n              28.06228599981216\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3260498046875,\n              27.81357174811185\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.47299194335936,\n              27.410785702577023\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.72018432617188,\n              27.42297612892041\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.84790039062499,\n              27.847576211806295\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.85888671875,\n              28.02592458049937\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.84515380859375,\n              28.13133880763851\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.77374267578125,\n              28.13739395116007\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76275634765625,\n              28.13133880763851\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5710bf30e4b0ef3b7ca55149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Holly H.","contributorId":66419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deutsch, Charles J.","contributorId":64135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Charles J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muller, Robert G","contributorId":168507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koslovsky, Stacie M.","contributorId":168508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koslovsky","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Alexander J.","contributorId":140345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Alexander J.","affiliations":[{"id":13464,"text":"Environmental Analyst, NY State Dept of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barlas, Margie E.","contributorId":168510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barlas","given":"Margie E.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70170157,"text":"70170157 - 2016 - From \"Duck Factory\" to \"Fish Factory\": Climate induced changes in vertebrate communities of prairie pothole wetlands and small lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T16:18:55","indexId":"70170157","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-07T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From \"Duck Factory\" to \"Fish Factory\": Climate induced changes in vertebrate communities of prairie pothole wetlands and small lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Prairie Pothole Region&rsquo;s myriad wetlands and small lakes contribute to its stature as the &ldquo;duck factory&rdquo; of North America. The fishless nature of the region&rsquo;s aquatic habitats, a result of frequent drying, freezing, and high salinity, influences its importance to waterfowl. Recent precipitation increases have resulted in higher water levels and wetland/lake freshening. In 2012&ndash;13, we sampled chemical characteristics and vertebrates (fish and salamanders) of 162 Prairie Pothole wetlands and small lakes. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and bootstrapping techniques to reveal relationships. We found fish present in a majority of sites (84&nbsp;%). Fish responses to water chemistry varied by species. Fathead minnows (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Pimephales promelas</i><span>) and brook sticklebacks (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Culaea inconstans</i><span>) occurred across the broadest range of conditions. Yellow perch (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Perca flavescens</i><span>) occurred in a smaller, chemically defined, subset. Iowa darters (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Etheostoma exile</i><span>) were restricted to the narrowest range of conditions. Tiger salamanders (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Ambystoma mavortium</i><span>) rarely occurred in lakes with fish. We also compared our chemical data to similar data collected in 1966&ndash;1976 to explore factors contributing to the expansion of fish into previously fishless sites. Our work contributes to a better understanding of relationships between aquatic biota and climate-induced changes in this ecologically important area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0766-3","usgsCitation":"McLean, K.I., Mushet, D.M., and Stockwell, C., 2016, From \"Duck Factory\" to \"Fish Factory\": Climate induced changes in vertebrate communities of prairie pothole wetlands and small lakes: Wetlands, v. 36, no. s2, p. 407-421, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0766-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068956","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Kidder County, Stutsman County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.1129,47.3272],[-100.0347,47.327],[-99.6498,47.3274],[-99.6077,47.3267],[-99.5248,47.3275],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.2669,47.3268],[-98.8466,47.327],[-98.8392,47.327],[-98.8232,47.3272],[-98.8152,47.3271],[-98.4991,47.327],[-98.467,47.3266],[-98.4677,47.2402],[-98.4685,46.9788],[-98.4412,46.9789],[-98.4396,46.6296],[-98.7894,46.6294],[-99.0379,46.6309],[-99.1616,46.6317],[-99.4122,46.6316],[-99.4498,46.6319],[-99.912,46.6319],[-100.0799,46.6316],[-100.0794,46.705],[-100.0794,46.7123],[-100.0792,46.7454],[-100.0791,46.7513],[-100.0777,46.9794],[-100.1162,46.98],[-100.1139,47.1567],[-100.1129,47.3272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kidder\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"36","issue":"s2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570ccab2e4b0ef3b7ca14718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLean, Kyle I. kmclean@usgs.gov","contributorId":147397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Kyle","email":"kmclean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, Craig A.","contributorId":55257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170463,"text":"70170463 - 2016 - Integrated assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluent estrogenicity in the Upper Murray River, Australia, using the native Murray rainbowfish (<i>Melanotaenia fluviatilis</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:33:24","indexId":"70170463","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-07T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluent estrogenicity in the Upper Murray River, Australia, using the native Murray rainbowfish (<i>Melanotaenia fluviatilis</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The contamination of major continental river systems by endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) derived from the discharge of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can affect human and ecosystem health. As part of a long-term effort to develop a native fish model organism for assessment of endocrine disruption in Australia's largest watershed, the Murray-Darling River Basin, the present study evaluated endocrine disruption in adult males of the native Australian Murray rainbowfish (<i>Melanotaenia fluviatilis</i>) exposed to effluent from an activated sludge WWTP and water from the Murray River during a 28-d, continuous-flow, on-site experiment. Analysis of the WWTP effluent and river water detected estrone and 17&beta;-estradiol at concentrations up to approximately 25&thinsp;ng&thinsp;L</span><sup><span>&minus;1</span></sup><span>. Anti-estrogenicity of effluent samples was detected in vitro using yeast-based bioassays (yeast estrogen screen) throughout the experiment, but estrogenicity was limited to the first week of the experiment. Histological evaluation of the testes indicated significant suppression of spermatogenesis by WWTP effluent after 28&thinsp;d of exposure. Plasma vitellogenin concentrations and expression of vitellogenin messenger RNA in liver were not significantly affected by exposure to WWTP effluent. The combination of low contaminant concentrations in the WWTP effluent, limited endocrine disrupting effects in the Murray rainbowfish, and high in-stream dilution factors (&gt;99%) suggest minimal endocrine disruption impacts on native Australian fish in the Murray River downstream from the WWTP outfall.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1002/etc.2895","usgsCitation":"Vajda, A.M., Kumar, A., Woods, M., Williams, M., Doan, H., Tolsher, P., Kookana, R.S., and Barber, L.B., 2016, Integrated assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluent estrogenicity in the Upper Murray River, Australia, using the native Murray rainbowfish (<i>Melanotaenia fluviatilis</i>): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1078-1087, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2895.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1078","endPage":"1087","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062599","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Upper Murray River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              145.5908203125,\n              -27.215556209029675\n            ],\n            [\n              145.5908203125,\n              -28.265682390146466\n            ],\n            [\n              145.4150390625,\n              -29.228890030194215\n            ],\n            [\n              144.7119140625,\n              -30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              143.4375,\n              -31.16580958786196\n            ],\n            [\n              142.6904296875,\n              -31.95216223802496\n            ],\n            [\n              141.240234375,\n              -32.509761735919426\n            ],\n            [\n              140.2294921875,\n              -32.990235559651055\n            ],\n            [\n              139.5263671875,\n              -34.05265942137598\n            ],\n            [\n              138.9990234375,\n              -34.84987503195417\n            ],\n            [\n              138.6474609375,\n              -35.46066995149529\n            ],\n            [\n              139.21874999999997,\n              -35.675147436084664\n            ],\n            [\n              139.6142578125,\n              -36.42128244364948\n            ],\n            [\n              139.6142578125,\n              -36.949891786813275\n            ],\n            [\n              139.658203125,\n              -37.23032838760386\n            ],\n            [\n              140.009765625,\n              -37.40507375017693\n            ],\n            [\n              140.361328125,\n              -37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              141.0205078125,\n              -37.23032838760386\n            ],\n            [\n              142.0751953125,\n              -37.09023980307207\n            ],\n            [\n              143.61328125,\n              -36.949891786813275\n            ],\n            [\n              144.580078125,\n              -37.0551771066608\n            ],\n            [\n              145.5908203125,\n              -37.19533058280063\n            ],\n            [\n              147.7880859375,\n              -37.19533058280063\n            ],\n            [\n              149.23828125,\n              -36.63316209558656\n            ],\n            [\n              149.765625,\n              -36.42128244364948\n            ],\n            [\n              150.1171875,\n              -34.95799531086791\n            ],\n            [\n              150.46875,\n              -33.61461929233378\n            ],\n            [\n              151.34765625,\n              -31.989441837922893\n            ],\n            [\n              152.0947265625,\n              -28.574874047446983\n            ],\n            [\n              152.27050781249997,\n              -27.449790329784214\n            ],\n            [\n              152.27050781249997,\n              -26.509904531413927\n            ],\n            [\n              151.611328125,\n              -25.681137335685307\n            ],\n            [\n              150.33691406249997,\n              -25.005972656239177\n            ],\n            [\n              148.88671874999997,\n              -24.44714958973081\n            ],\n            [\n              147.83203125,\n              -24.086589258228027\n            ],\n            [\n              146.3818359375,\n              -24.04646399966658\n            ],\n            [\n              145.810546875,\n              -24.24696455430091\n            ],\n            [\n              145.3271484375,\n              -25.085598897064763\n            ],\n            [\n              145.1513671875,\n              -26.352497858154\n            ],\n            [\n              145.5908203125,\n              -27.215556209029675\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fbfe4b071321fe56a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vajda, Alan M.","contributorId":156301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vajda","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, Anupama","contributorId":168793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Anupama","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25361,"text":"CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, South Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woods, Marianne","contributorId":168794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woods","given":"Marianne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25361,"text":"CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, South Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Mike","contributorId":168795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25361,"text":"CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, South Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doan, Hai","contributorId":168796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doan","given":"Hai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25361,"text":"CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, South Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tolsher, Peter","contributorId":168797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tolsher","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25362,"text":"EGL Management Services, Victoria, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kookana, Rai S.","contributorId":168798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kookana","given":"Rai","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25361,"text":"CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, South Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70169354,"text":"fs20163018 - 2016 - Landsat International Cooperators and Global Archive Consolidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-26T15:38:43.560081","indexId":"fs20163018","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3018","displayTitle":"Landsat International Cooperators and Global Archive Consolidation","title":"Landsat International Cooperators and Global Archive Consolidation","docAbstract":"<p>Landsat missions have always been an important component of U.S. foreign policy, as well as science and technology policy. The Landsat program’s longstanding network of International Cooperators (ICs), which operates numerous International Ground Stations (IGS) around the world, embodies the United States’ policy of peaceful use of outer space and the worldwide dissemination of civil space technology for public benefit. Thus, the ICs provide an essential dimension to the Landsat mission.</p><p>In 2010, the Landsat Global Archive Consolidation (LGAC) initiative began, with goals to consolidate the Landsat data archives of all IGSs, make the data more accessible to the global Landsat user community, and significantly increase the frequency of observations over a given area of interest to contribute to the understanding of a changing Earth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163018","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Landsat International Cooperators and Global Archive Consolidation (ver. 1.3, April 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3018, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163018.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072463","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416367,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3018/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"3.57 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":416366,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3018/fs20163018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"572 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2016–3018"},{"id":319664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3018/coverthb4.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: April 7, 2016; Version 1.1: December 8, 2016; Version 1.2: June 10, 2019; Version 1.3: April 26, 2023","contact":"<p>Landsat User Services<br>Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>47914 252nd Street<br>Sioux Falls, SD 57198<br><br><a data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20custserv@usgs.gov\" href=\"mailto:%20custserv@usgs.gov\">custserv@usgs.gov</a><br></p><p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/national-land-imaging-program\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/national-land-imaging-program\">https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/national-land-imaging-program</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Landsat International Cooperator Network</li><li>Landsat Global Archive Consolidation</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-04-07","revisedDate":"2023-04-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572477aae4b0b13d3914e09f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":623895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}