Rocks with potential for karst formation are found in all 50 states. Damage due to karst subsidence and sinkhole collapse is a natural hazard of national scope. Repair of damage to buildings, highways, and other infrastructure represents a significant national cost. Sparse and incomplete data show that the average cost of karst-related damages in the United States over the last 15 years is estimated to be at least \\$300,000,000 per year and the actual total is probably much higher. This estimate is lower than the estimated annual costs for other natural hazards; flooding, hurricanes and cyclonic storms, tornadoes, landslides, earthquakes, or wildfires, all of which average over $1 billion per year. Very few state organizations track karst subsidence and sinkhole damage mitigation costs; none occurs at the Federal level. Many states discuss the karst hazard in their State hazard mitigation plans, but seldom include detailed reports of subsidence incidents or their mitigation costs. Most State highway departments do not differentiate karst subsidence or sinkhole collapse from other road repair costs. Amassing of these data would raise the estimated annual cost considerably. Information from insurance organizations about sinkhole damage claims and payouts is also not readily available. Currently there is no agency with a mandate for developing such data. If a more realistic estimate could be made, it would illuminate the national scope of this hazard and make comparison with costs of other natural hazards more realistic.
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Hills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:00:12","indexId":"70142172","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5422,"text":"Internal Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2015-01","title":"Hydrologic response for a high-elevation storm in the South Dakota Black Hills","docAbstract":"A group of thunderstorms produced >4 in of rain during four periods of progressively more intense rainfall across a small part of a relatively high-elevation area of the northern Black Hills on 5 August 2014. The resulting hydrologic response was noteworthy in two very small headwater drainage basins, where the measured peak flows are by far the largest—relative to drainage area—ever documented for the high-elevation Limestone Plateau area. However, peak flows attenuated quickly in a downstream direction owing to the storms tracking perpendicular to the drainage direction, moderately dry antecedent conditions, and progressive widening of the valley bottoms.","language":"English","publisher":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service","usgsCitation":"Bunkers, M.J., Smith, M., Driscoll, D.G., and Hoogestraat, G., 2015, Hydrologic response for a high-elevation storm in the South Dakota Black Hills: Internal Report 2015-01, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-061903","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K. ghoogest@usgs.gov","contributorId":2336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","email":"ghoogest@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147404,"text":"70147404 - 2015 - Point-source stochastic-method simulations of ground motions for the PEER NGA-East Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T09:04:39","indexId":"70147404","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Point-source stochastic-method simulations of ground motions for the PEER NGA-East Project","docAbstract":"Ground-motions for the PEER NGA-East project were simulated using a point-source stochastic method. The simulated motions are provided for distances between of 0 and 1200 km, M from 4 to 8, and 25 ground-motion intensity measures: peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and 5%-damped pseudoabsolute response spectral acceleration (PSA) for 23 periods ranging from 0.01 s to 10.0 s. Tables of motions are provided for each of six attenuation models. The attenuation-model-dependent stress parameters used in the stochastic-method simulations were derived from inversion of PSA data from eight earthquakes in eastern North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"NGA-East Median Ground-Motion Models for the Central and Eastern North America Region","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER)","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2015, Point-source stochastic-method simulations of ground motions for the PEER NGA-East Project, 39 p.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-062687","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://peer.berkeley.edu/publications/peer_reports/reports_2015/reports_2015.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa831e4b0764e6c62794b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70141198,"text":"70141198 - 2015 - Long-term monitoring program: Evaluating chronic exposure of harlequin ducks and sea otters to lingering Exxon Valdez Oil in Western Prince William Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T13:08:31","indexId":"70141198","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Long-term monitoring program: Evaluating chronic exposure of harlequin ducks and sea otters to lingering Exxon Valdez Oil in Western Prince William Sound","docAbstract":"We found that average cytochrome P4501A induction (as measured by EROD activity) during March 2014 was not elevated in wintering harlequin ducks captured in areas of Prince William Sound oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, relative to those captured in unoiled areas. This result is consistent with findings from March 2013. We interpret these findings to indicate that exposure of harlequin ducks to residual Exxon Valdez oil abated within 24 years after the original spill. Results from preceding sampling in 2011 indicated that EROD activity was elevated in harlequin ducks in oiled relative to unoiled areas, although the magnitude of elevation was lower than in previous years (1998-2009), suggesting that the rate or intensity of exposure was diminishing by 2011. The data presented in this report add to a growing body of literature indicating that persistence of oil in the environment, and exposure of wildlife to that oil, can occur over much longer time frames than previously assumed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Bowen, L., Miles, A.K., Ballachey, B.E., and Bodkin, J.L., 2015, Long-term monitoring program: Evaluating chronic exposure of harlequin ducks and sea otters to lingering Exxon Valdez Oil in Western Prince William Sound, 46 p.","productDescription":"46 p.","ipdsId":"IP-061863","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.50927734375,\n 54.533832507944304\n ],\n [\n -164.50927734375,\n 54.20101023973888\n ],\n [\n -163.9599609375,\n 53.77468884583577\n ],\n [\n -162.26806640625,\n 53.74871079689897\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 54.149567212540525\n ],\n [\n -155.85205078125,\n 54.61025498157912\n ],\n [\n -153.6767578125,\n 55.7642131648377\n ],\n [\n -152.314453125,\n 56.27996083172844\n ],\n [\n -144.4921875,\n 60.4788788301667\n ],\n [\n -144.0087890625,\n 60.80206374467983\n ],\n [\n -144.580078125,\n 61.20679804263029\n ],\n [\n -144.7998046875,\n 61.52269494598361\n ],\n [\n -145.74462890625,\n 61.554109444927185\n ],\n [\n -146.44775390625,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -148.6669921875,\n 61.91827102335593\n ],\n [\n -149.6337890625,\n 61.7419302246182\n ],\n [\n -150.6005859375,\n 61.37567331572747\n ],\n [\n -153.91845703125,\n 59.93300042374631\n ],\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 59.567723306212955\n ],\n [\n -155.32470703125,\n 59.108308258604964\n ],\n [\n -155.17089843749997,\n 58.81374171570782\n ],\n [\n -155.50048828125,\n 58.35563036280964\n ],\n [\n -156.533203125,\n 57.69240553526455\n ],\n [\n -159.19189453125,\n 56.64414704199467\n ],\n [\n -160.7958984375,\n 55.91227293006361\n ],\n [\n -162.8173828125,\n 55.2415520356525\n ],\n [\n -164.50927734375,\n 54.533832507944304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa833e4b0764e6c627954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":540565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Lizabeth 0000-0001-9115-4336 lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miles, A. 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Density may be an important factor determining the role of omnivorous crayfish in benthic communities, especially if density alters the strength of trophic interactions. The effect of crayfish density on a simple benthic food web using ceramic tiles was examined in three treatments (crayfish exclusion cage, cage control (open to crayfish), and exposed ceramic tiles) in mesocosms stocked with 6, 12, or 18 crayfish·m-2. We hypothesized that at low densities crayfish consumption of herbivorous chironomids would increase algal abundance, but at high densities crayfish would reduce both periphyton and invertebrates. In the experiment, periphyton and chironomid abundance increased with declining crayfish biomass on day 30 but not day 15. The magnitude of crayfish effects on day 15 periphyton chlorophyll a abundance increased with crayfish biomass, but crayfish effects on day 30 periphyton chlorophyll a or chironomid biomass did not increase with crayfish biomass. In this experiment there was little evidence for a trophic cascade at low crayfish densities and strong omnivory by crayfish dominated trophic dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Astacology","doi":"10.5869/fc.2015.v21-1.165","usgsCitation":"Ludlam, J., Banks, B.T., and Magoulick, D.D., 2015, Density-dependent effects of omnivorous stream crayfish on benthic trophic dynamics: Freshwater Crayfish, v. 21, no. 1, p. 165-170, https://doi.org/10.5869/fc.2015.v21-1.165.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"170","ipdsId":"IP-016009","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5971c1c3e4b0ec1a4885dad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludlam, J.P.","contributorId":47605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlam","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, B. T.","contributorId":194947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banks","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoulick, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9665-5957 danmag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-5957","contributorId":2513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"Daniel","email":"danmag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168349,"text":"70168349 - 2015 - Detection probabilities of electrofishing, hoop nets, and benthic trawls for fishes in two western North American rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-18T10:16:00","indexId":"70168349","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection probabilities of electrofishing, hoop nets, and benthic trawls for fishes in two western North American rivers","docAbstract":"Research comparing different sampling techniques helps improve the efficiency and efficacy of sampling efforts. We compared the effectiveness of three sampling techniques (small-mesh hoop nets, benthic trawls, boat-mounted electrofishing) for 30 species in the Green (WY, USA) and Kootenai (ID, USA) rivers by estimating conditional detection probabilities (probability of detecting a species given its presence at a site). Electrofishing had the highest detection probabilities (generally greater than 0.60) for most species (88%), but hoop nets also had high detectability for several taxa (e.g., adult burbot Lota lota, juvenile northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis). Benthic trawls had low detection probabilities (<0.05) for most taxa (84%). Gear-specific effects were present for most species indicating large differences in gear effectiveness among techniques. In addition to gear effects, habitat characteristics also influenced detectability of fishes. Most species-specific habitat relationships were idiosyncratic and reflected the ecology of the species. Overall findings of our study indicate that boat-mounted electrofishing and hoop nets are the most effective techniques for sampling fish assemblages in large, coldwater rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/022015-JFWM-011","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.D., Quist, M., and Hardy, R.S., 2015, Detection probabilities of electrofishing, hoop nets, and benthic trawls for fishes in two western North American rivers: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 6, no. 2, p. 371-391, https://doi.org/10.3996/022015-JFWM-011.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"391","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053442","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/022015-jfwm-011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River, Green River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.08850097656249,\n 41.51474739095224\n ],\n [\n -110.08850097656249,\n 42.0227732629691\n ],\n [\n -109.37164306640625,\n 42.0227732629691\n ],\n [\n -109.37164306640625,\n 41.51474739095224\n ],\n [\n -110.08850097656249,\n 41.51474739095224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.6033935546875,\n 48.61112192003074\n ],\n [\n -116.6033935546875,\n 49.00004203215395\n ],\n [\n -116.05133056640625,\n 49.00004203215395\n ],\n [\n -116.05133056640625,\n 48.61112192003074\n ],\n [\n -116.6033935546875,\n 48.61112192003074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c6f93fe4b0946c65240729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Christopher D.","contributorId":167031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. mquist@usgs.gov","contributorId":166707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael C.","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":619789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardy, Ryan S.","contributorId":167032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6764,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Nampa, Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160734,"text":"70160734 - 2015 - Great Lakes prey fish populations: A cross-basin Overview of status and trends based on bottom trawl surveys, 1978-2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T09:32:47","indexId":"70160734","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Great Lakes prey fish populations: A cross-basin Overview of status and trends based on bottom trawl surveys, 1978-2014","docAbstract":"The assessment of Great Lakes prey fish stocks have been conducted annually with bottom trawls since the 1970s by the Great Lakes Science Center, sometimes assisted by partner agencies. These stock assessments provide data on the status and trends of prey fish that are consumed by important commercial and recreational fishes. Although all these annual surveys are conducted using\nbottom trawls, they differ among the lakes in the proportion of the lake covered, seasonal timing, trawl gear used, and the manner in which the trawl is towed (across or along bottom contours). Because each assessment is unique, population indices were standardized to the highest value for a time series within each lake for the following prey species: Cisco (Coregonus artedi), Bloater (C. hoyi), Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax), Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus). In this report, standardized indices are presented in graphical form along with synopses to provide a short, informal cross-basin summary of the status and trends of principal prey fishes.","largerWorkTitle":"Compiled reports to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission of the Annual Bottom Trawl and Acoustics Surveys, 2014","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","collaboration":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., and Weidel, B., 2015, Great Lakes prey fish populations: A cross-basin Overview of status and trends based on bottom trawl surveys, 1978-2014, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-063855","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313014,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/lakecom/common_docs/Compiled%20Reports%20from%20USGS%202015.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bce4b0c2e071a99ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173670,"text":"70173670 - 2015 - Combining split-beam and dual-frequency identification sonars to estimate abundance of anadromous fishes in the Roanoke River, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T15:28:27","indexId":"70173670","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining split-beam and dual-frequency identification sonars to estimate abundance of anadromous fishes in the Roanoke River, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Riverine hydroacoustic techniques are an effective method for evaluating abundance of upstream migrating anadromous fishes. To use these methods in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, at a wide site with uneven bottom topography, we used a combination of split-beam sonar and dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) deployments. We aimed a split-beam sonar horizontally to monitor midchannel and near-bottom zones continuously over the 3-month spring monitoring periods in 2010 and 2011. The DIDSON was rotated between seven cross-channel locations (using a vertical aim) and nearshore regions (using horizontal aims). Vertical deployment addressed blind spots in split-beam coverage along the bottom and provided reliable information about the cross-channel and vertical distributions of upstream migrants. Using a Bayesian framework, we modeled sonar counts within four cross-channel strata and apportioned counts by species using species proportions from boat electrofishing and gill netting. Modeled estimates (95% credible intervals [CIs]) of total upstream migrants in 2010 and 2011 were 2.5 million (95% CI, 2.4–2.6 million) and 3.6 million (95% CI, 3.4–3.9 million), respectively. Results indicated that upstream migrants are extremely shore- and bottom-oriented, suggesting nearshore DIDSON monitoring improved the accuracy and precision of our estimates. This monitoring protocol and model may be widely applicable to river systems regardless of their cross-sectional width or profile.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2014.992558","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.B., and Hightower, J.E., 2015, Combining split-beam and dual-frequency identification sonars to estimate abundance of anadromous fishes in the Roanoke River, North Carolina: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 2, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2014.992558.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057374","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f031e4b04f417c24da3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Jacob B.","contributorId":171491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173867,"text":"70173867 - 2015 - Testing assumptions for conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T15:41:38","indexId":"70173867","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing assumptions for conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands","docAbstract":"Managed wetlands provide critical foraging and roosting habitats for shorebirds during migration; therefore, ensuring their availability is a priority action in shorebird conservation plans. Contemporary shorebird conservation plans rely on a number of assumptions about shorebird prey resources and migratory behavior to determine stopover habitat requirements. For example, the US Shorebird Conservation Plan for the Southeast-Caribbean region assumes that average benthic invertebrate biomass in foraging habitats is 2.4 g dry mass m−2 and that the dominant prey item of shorebirds in the region is Chironomid larvae. For effective conservation and management, it is important to test working assumptions and update predictive models that are used to estimate habitat requirements. We surveyed migratory shorebirds and sampled the benthic invertebrate community in coastal managed wetlands of South Carolina. We sampled invertebrates at three points in time representing early, middle, and late stages of spring migration, and concurrently surveyed shorebird stopover populations at approximately 7-day intervals throughout migration. We used analysis of variance by ranks to test for temporal variation in invertebrate biomass and density, and we used a model based approach (linear mixed model and Monte Carlo simulation) to estimate mean biomass and density. There was little evidence of a temporal variation in biomass or density during the course of spring shorebird migration, suggesting that shorebirds did not deplete invertebrate prey resources at our site. Estimated biomass was 1.47 g dry mass m−2 (95 % credible interval 0.13–3.55), approximately 39 % lower than values used in the regional shorebird conservation plan. An additional 4728 ha (a 63 % increase) would be required if habitat objectives were derived from biomass levels observed in our study. Polychaetes, especially Laeonereis culveri(2569 individuals m−2), were the most abundant prey in foraging habitats at our site. Polychaetes have lower caloric content than levels assumed in the regional plan; when lower caloric content and lower biomass levels are used to determine habitat objectives, an additional 6395 ha would be required (86 % increase). Shorebird conservation and management plans would benefit from considering the uncertainty in parameters used to derive habitat objectives, especially biomass and caloric content of prey resources. Iterative testing of models that are specific to the planning region will provide rapid advances for management and conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4","usgsCitation":"Collazo, J., James Lyons, and Herring, G., 2015, Testing assumptions for conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands: Wetlands Ecology and Management, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060239","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c38e4b07657d19a6a17","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Lyons James E., Collazo Jaime A., Herring Garth","journalName":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","publicationDate":"12/28/2015","auditedOn":"7/29/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"12/28/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collazo, Jaime jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James Lyons","contributorId":149502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James Lyons","affiliations":[{"id":17753,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Bird Habitat Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197945,"text":"70197945 - 2015 - Seismic hazard assessment: Honing the debate, testing the models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T14:30:22.58483","indexId":"70197945","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard assessment: Honing the debate, testing the models","docAbstract":"Four workshops held in 2013–2014 at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis brought together university, government, and insurance industry scientists from countries that straddle plate boundaries and those in plate interiors. Participants were invited; the workshops’ goals involved developing tests of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and other earthquake hazard assessment strategies and seeking viable alternatives to overcome weaknesses to these strategies.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2015EO031841","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., and Stirling, M.W., 2015, Seismic hazard assessment: Honing the debate, testing the models: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.1029/2015EO031841.","productDescription":"HTML document","ipdsId":"IP-063007","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2015eo031841","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355414,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e9b6e4b060350a15d34a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, Ross","contributorId":206052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stirling, Mark W.","contributorId":175118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197947,"text":"70197947 - 2015 - GEAR1: A Global Earthquake Activity Rate model constructed from geodetic strain rates and smoothed seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-28T16:06:55","indexId":"70197947","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GEAR1: A Global Earthquake Activity Rate model constructed from geodetic strain rates and smoothed seismicity","docAbstract":"Global earthquake activity rate model 1 (GEAR1) estimates the rate of shallow earthquakes with magnitudes 6–9 everywhere on Earth. It was designed to be reproducible and testable. Our preferred hybrid forecast is a log–linear blend of two parent forecasts based on the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) catalog (smoothing 4602 m≥5.767 shallow earthquakes, 1977–2004) and the Global Strain Rate Map version 2.1 (smoothing 22,415 Global Positioning System velocities), optimized to best forecast the 2005–2012 Global CMT catalog. Strain rate is a proxy for fault stress accumulation, and earthquakes indicate stress release, so a multiplicative blend is desirable, capturing the strengths of both approaches. This preferred hybrid forecast outperforms its seismicity and strain‐rate parents; the chance that this improvement stems from random seismicity fluctuations is less than 1%. The preferred hybrid is also tested against the independent parts of the International Seismological Centre‐Global Earthquake Model catalog (m≥6.8 during 1918–1976) with similar success. GEAR1 is an update of this preferred hybrid. Comparing GEAR1 to the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Version 3 (UCERF3), net earthquake rates agree within 4% at m≥5.8 and at m≥7.0. The spatial distribution of UCERF3 epicentroids most resembles GEAR1 after UCERF3 is smoothed with a 30 km kernel. Because UCERF3 has been constructed to derive useful information from fault geometry, slip rates, paleoseismic data, and enhanced seismic catalogs (not used in our model), this is encouraging. To build parametric catastrophe bonds from GEAR1, one could calculate the magnitude for which there is a 1% (or any) annual probability of occurrence in local regions.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150058","usgsCitation":"Bird, P., Jackson, D.D., Kagan, Y.Y., Kreemer, C., and Stein, R., 2015, GEAR1: A Global Earthquake Activity Rate model constructed from geodetic strain rates and smoothed seismicity: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 5, p. 2538-2554, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150058.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2538","endPage":"2554","ipdsId":"IP-063010","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e9b6e4b060350a15d348","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, Peter","contributorId":195948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, David D.","contributorId":94762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kagan, Yan Y.","contributorId":206059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kagan","given":"Yan","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kreemer, Corne","contributorId":15902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreemer","given":"Corne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stein, Ross 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":206056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198169,"text":"70198169 - 2015 - Fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in alluvial groundwater of an irrigated agricultural region with dairies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-18T16:07:40","indexId":"70198169","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in alluvial groundwater of an irrigated agricultural region with dairies","docAbstract":"Surveys of microbiological groundwater quality were conducted in a region with intensive animal agriculture in California, USA. The survey included monitoring and domestic wells in eight concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and 200 small (domestic and community supply district) supply wells across the region. Campylobacter was not detected in groundwater, whereas Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella were each detected in 2 of 190 CAFO monitoring well samples. Nonpathogenic generic E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in 24.2% (46/190) and 97.4% (185/190) groundwater samples from CAFO monitoring wells and in 4.2% (1/24) and 87.5% (21/24) of CAFO domestic wells, respectively. Concentrations of both generic E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were significantly associated with well depth, season, and the type of adjacent land use in the CAFO. No pathogenic bacteria were detected in groundwater from 200 small supply wells in the extended survey. However, 4.5 to 10.3% groundwater samples were positive for generic E. coli and Enterococcus. Concentrations of generic E. coli were not significantly associated with any factors, but concentrations of Enterococcus were significantly associated with proximity to CAFOs, seasons, and concentrations of potassium in water. Among a subset of E. coli and Enterococcus isolates from both surveys, the majority of E. coli (63.6%) and Enterococcus (86.1%) isolates exhibited resistance to multiple (≥3) antibiotics. Findings confirm significant microbial and antibiotic resistance loading to CAFO groundwater. Results also demonstrate significant attenuative capacity of the unconfined alluvial aquifer system with respect to microbial transport.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2134/jeq2015.03.0139","usgsCitation":"Li, X., Atwill, E.R., Antaki, E., Applegate, O., Bergamaschi, B.A., Bond, R.F., Chase, J.T., Ransom, K.M., Samuels, W.B., Watanabe, N., and Harter, T., 2015, Fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in alluvial groundwater of an irrigated agricultural region with dairies: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 44, no. 5, p. 1435-1447, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.03.0139.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1435","endPage":"1447","ipdsId":"IP-099545","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.03.0139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 33.284619968887675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcb43e4b0f5d57878ecab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Xunde","contributorId":206430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Xunde","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37325,"text":"Univ. Calif.-Davis, Dept. of Population Health and Reproduction; Western Institute for Food Safety and Security","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwill, Edward R.","contributorId":206431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atwill","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37325,"text":"Univ. Calif.-Davis, Dept. of Population Health and Reproduction; Western Institute for Food Safety and Security","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antaki, Elizabeth","contributorId":206432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antaki","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37326,"text":"Western Institute for Food Safety and Security","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Applegate, Olin","contributorId":206433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Applegate","given":"Olin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37327,"text":"Dept. of Land, Air and Water Resources, Univ. of California, Davis, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bond, Ronald F.","contributorId":206447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chase, Jennifer T. jchase@usgs.gov","contributorId":3961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Jennifer","email":"jchase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ransom, Katherine M","contributorId":178789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ransom","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Samuels, William B.","contributorId":198816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samuels","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Watanabe, Naoko","contributorId":178244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watanabe","given":"Naoko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Harter, Thomas","contributorId":178245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harter","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70197944,"text":"70197944 - 2015 - 2014 M=6.0 South Napa earthquake triggered widespread aftershocks and stressed several major faults and exotic fault clusters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-28T16:28:25","indexId":"70197944","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2014 M=6.0 South Napa earthquake triggered widespread aftershocks and stressed several major faults and exotic fault clusters","docAbstract":"The strongest San Francisco Bay area earthquake since the 1989 Mw 7.0 Loma Prieta shock struck near Napa on 24 August 2014. Field mapping (Dawson et al., 2014; Earthquake Engineering Research Institute [EERI], 2014; Brocher et al., 2015) and seismic and geodetic source inversions (Barnhart et al., 2015; Dreger et al., 2015; Wei et al., 2015) indicate that a 15-km-long northwest-trending section of the West Napa Valley fault ruptured in the earthquake. Remarkably, it was the first indisputable surface rupture in the Bay area since 1906. The Napa event, along with other smaller earthquakes such as the 1980 Mw 5.8 Livermore and 1984 Mw 6.2 Morgan Hill events on the Calaveras and Hayward faults over the past 3–4 decades, may indicate that the Bay area region is emerging from the stress shadow of the 1906 Mw 7.8 San Francisco earthquake (Harris and Simpson, 1998; Pollitz et al., 2004). Since 1979, there has been a 140% increase in the rate of Mw≥4.1 shocks (Fig. 1) in the broader Bay area, with most concentrated in a corridor extending north from the 1989 Loma Prieta aftershock zone through the Calaveras, Greenville, Green Valley, Napa, and Rodgers Creek faults east of the San Francisco Bay (Fig. 1a). This corridor roughly coincides with the 1906 stress shadow that is being eroded away by more than a century of stress reaccumulation. The Napa event, as well as the surrounding faults on which we calculate the resulting hazard increases, all lie within this zone.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1785/0220150102","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., and Stein, R., 2015, 2014 M=6.0 South Napa earthquake triggered widespread aftershocks and stressed several major faults and exotic fault clusters: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 6, p. 1593-1602, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150102.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1602","ipdsId":"IP-065333","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.5357666015625,\n 36.804886560237236\n ],\n [\n -121.16271972656249,\n 36.804886560237236\n ],\n [\n -121.16271972656249,\n 38.69408504756833\n ],\n [\n -123.5357666015625,\n 38.69408504756833\n ],\n [\n -123.5357666015625,\n 36.804886560237236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e9b7e4b060350a15d34c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross","contributorId":206051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193365,"text":"70193365 - 2015 - Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: An in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T09:38:40","indexId":"70193365","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: An in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur","docAbstract":"High spatial resolution textural (scanning electron microscope (SEM)), chemical (electron microprobe (EMP)) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spec- trometry (LA-ICP-MS)), and sulfur isotopic (secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)) analyses of pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit (232±4 Ma) in the West Qinling orogen, central China were conducted to distinguish pyrite types and gain insights into the source and evolution of sulfur in hydrothermal fluids. The results reveal an enormous variation (−27.1 to +69.6‰) in sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite deposited during three paragenetic stages. Pre-ore framboidal pyrite, which is characterized by low concentra- tions of As, Au, Cu, Co, and Ni, has negative δ34S values of −27.1 to −7.6‰ that are interpreted in terms of bacterial re- duction of marine sulfate during sedimentation and diagenesis of the Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sequences, the predom- inant lithologies in the deposit area, and the most important hosts of many sediment-hosted gold deposits throughout the West Qinling orogen. The ore-stage hydrothermal pyrite con- tains high concentrations of Au, As, Cu, Sb, Tl, and Bi and hasa relatively narrow range of positive δ34S values ranging from +8.1 to +15.2‰. The sulfur isotope data are comparable to those of ore pyrite from many Triassic orogenic gold deposits and Paleozoic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn de- posits in the West Qinling orogen, both being hosted mainly in the Devonian sequence. This similarity indicates that sulfur, responsible for the auriferous pyrite at Qiuling, was largely derived from the metamorphic devolatization of Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks. Post-ore-stage pyrite, which is sig- nificantly enriched in Co and Ni but depleted in Au and As, has unusually high δ34S values ranging from +37.4 to +69.6 ‰, that are interpreted to result from thermochemical reduc- tion of evaporite sulfates in underlying Cambrian sedimentary rocks with very high δ34S values. The variations in Au content and sulfur isotopic compositions across a single ore-stage py- rite grain may reflect displacement of indigenous groundwater with low δ34S values by auriferous metamorphic fluids with high δ34S values. The very low-grade metamorphism of the host rocks and the metamorphic derivation of sulfur for the ore pyrite indicate that the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit is an epizonal manifestation of an orogenic gold system in the West Qinling orogen.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-015-0597-9","usgsCitation":"Chen, L., Li, X., Li, J., Hofstra, A.H., Liu, Y., and Koenig, A.E., 2015, Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: An in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur: Mineralium Deposita, v. 50, no. 6, p. 643-656, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-015-0597-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"656","ipdsId":"IP-061524","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd24e4b0531197b13cb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Lei","contributorId":199376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Xian-hua","contributorId":199377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Xian-hua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Jian-wei","contributorId":199378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Jian-wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Yu","contributorId":199381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Yu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koenig, Alan E. 0000-0002-5230-0924 akoenig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":1564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Alan","email":"akoenig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193683,"text":"70193683 - 2015 - Regulating services as measures of ecological resilience on DoD lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T10:20:18","indexId":"70193683","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"Project RC-201114","title":"Regulating services as measures of ecological resilience on DoD lands","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the capacity and flow of ecosystem services can help DoD land managers make decisions that enhance cost-effectiveness, minimize environmental damage, and maximize resources available for military missions. We demonstrated a methodology to quantify and map selected regulating services (RS), which helps land managers envision tradeoffs. Our objectives were to 1) estimate current capacity of and demand for selected RS within DoD lands, 2) examine the effects of future DoD land management and climate changes on the capacity and flow of these RS, and 3) project how land-use and climate changes in nearby lands affect future demand for RS. Our approach incorporates widely accepted models and equations, remote sensing, GIS analysis, and stakeholder involvement. Required data include land cover/use, soil type, precipitation, and air temperature. We integrated data into the a) Surface Curve Number Method and b) Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation to estimate capacity of sediment, nitrogen (N) and surface-water regulation. Capacities and flows of RS vary greatly across landscapes and are likely to vary as climate changes or development occurs. Analyses of RS capacity and flow can help managers and planners prioritize actions in the context of best management practices and compatible use buffers. Staff surveys indicated that our approach was informative and easy to use. Implementation may be most limited by on-installation personnel time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Angermeier, P.L., and Villamagna, A.M., 2015, Regulating services as measures of ecological resilience on DoD lands, v, 93 p.","productDescription":"v, 93 p.","ipdsId":"IP-064228","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency/Natural-Resources/Watershed-Processes-and-Management/RC-201114"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villamagna, Amy M.","contributorId":201421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villamagna","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193502,"text":"70193502 - 2015 - Soil formation: Chapter 6","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T14:46:29","indexId":"70193502","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Soil formation: Chapter 6","docAbstract":"Soil formation reflects the complex interaction of many factors, among the most important of which are (i) the nature of the soil parent material, (ii) regional climate, (iii) organisms, including humans, (iv) topography and (v) time. These processes operate in Earth's critical zone; the thin veneer of our planet where rock meets life. Understanding the operation of these soil-forming factors requires an interdisciplinary approach and is a necessary predicate to charactering soil processes and functions, mitigating soil degradation and adapting soil management to environmental change. In this chapter, we discuss how these soil-forming factors operate both singly and in concert in natural and human modified environments. We emphasize the role that soil organic matter plays in these processes to provide context for understanding the benefits that it bestows on humanity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil carbon: Science, management and policy for multiple benefits","language":"English","publisher":"CABI","doi":"10.1079/9781780645322.0082","usgsCitation":"Goldhaber, M.B., and Banwart, S.A., 2015, Soil formation: Chapter 6, chap. of Soil carbon: Science, management and policy for multiple benefits, p. 82-97, https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645322.0082.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-046328","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banwart, Steven A.","contributorId":199483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banwart","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193730,"text":"70193730 - 2015 - Formulating the American Geophysical Union's Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy: Challenges and lessons learned","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-31T15:22:40.119859","indexId":"70193730","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Formulating the American Geophysical Union's Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy: Challenges and lessons learned","docAbstract":"Creating an ethics policy for a large, diverse geosciences organization is a challenge, especially in the midst of the current contentious dialogue in the media related to such issues as climate change, sustaining natural resources, and responding to natural hazards. In 2011, the American Geophysical Union (AGU) took on this challenge, creating an Ethics Task Force to update their ethics policies to better support their new Strategic Plan and respond to the changing scientific research environment. Dialogue with AGU members and others during the course of creating the new policy unveiled some of the following issues to be addressed. Scientific results and individual scientists are coming under intense political and public scrutiny, with the efficacy of the science being questioned. In some cases, scientists are asked to take sides and/or provide opinions on issues beyond their research, impacting their objectivity. Pressure related to competition for funding and the need to publish high quality and quantities of papers has led to recent high-profile plagiarism, data fabrication, and conflict of interest cases. The complexities of a continuously advancing digital environment for conducting, reviewing, and publishing science has raised concerns over the ease of plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, inappropriate peer review, and the need for better accessibility of data and methods. Finally, students and scientists need consistent education and encouragement on the importance of ethics and integrity in scientific research. The new AGU Scientific Integrity and Ethics Policy tries to address these issues and provides an inspirational code of conduct to encourage a responsible, positive, open, honest scientific research environment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoethics: Ethical challenges and case studies in Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-799935-7.00008-3","usgsCitation":"Gundersen, L.C., and Townsend, R., 2015, Formulating the American Geophysical Union's Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy: Challenges and lessons learned, chap. 8 of Geoethics: Ethical challenges and case studies in Earth Sciences, p. 83-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-799935-7.00008-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-055893","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc5ae4b06e28e9c23d9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gundersen, Linda C. lgundersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gundersen","given":"Linda","email":"lgundersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, Randy","contributorId":199806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Townsend","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194338,"text":"70194338 - 2015 - Testing the effectiveness of automated acoustic sensors for monitoring vocal activity of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T10:02:35","indexId":"70194338","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Testing the effectiveness of automated acoustic sensors for monitoring vocal activity of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus","title":"Testing the effectiveness of automated acoustic sensors for monitoring vocal activity of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus","docAbstract":"Cryptic nest sites and secretive breeding behavior make population estimates and monitoring of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus difficult and expensive. Standard audio-visual and radar protocols have been refined but require intensive field time by trained personnel. We examined the detection range of automated sound recorders (Song Meters; Wildlife Acoustics Inc.) and the reliability of automated recognition models (“recognizers”) for identifying and quantifying Marbled Murrelet vocalizations during the 2011 and 2012 breeding seasons at Kodiak Island, Alaska. The detection range of murrelet calls by Song Meters was estimated to be 60 m. Recognizers detected 20 632 murrelet calls (keer and keheer) from a sample of 268 h of recordings, yielding 5 870 call series, which compared favorably with human scanning of spectrograms (on average detecting 95% of the number of call series identified by a human observer, but not necessarily the same call series). The false-negative rate (percentage of murrelet call series that the recognizers failed to detect) was 32%, mainly involving weak calls and short call series. False-positives (other sounds included by recognizers as murrelet calls) were primarily due to complex songs of other bird species, wind and rain. False-positives were lower in forest nesting habitat (48%) and highest in shrubby vegetation where calls of other birds were common (97%–99%). Acoustic recorders tracked spatial and seasonal trends in vocal activity, with higher call detections in high-quality forested habitat and during late July/early August. Automated acoustic monitoring of Marbled Murrelet calls could provide cost-effective, valuable information for assessing habitat use and temporal and spatial trends in nesting activity; reliability is dependent on careful placement of sensors to minimize false-positives and on prudent application of digital recognizers with visual checking of spectrograms.","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Ornithology","usgsCitation":"Cragg, J.L., Burger, A.E., and Piatt, J.F., 2015, Testing the effectiveness of automated acoustic sensors for monitoring vocal activity of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 43, no. 2, p. 151-160.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-057686","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349294,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/content/get.cgi?rn=1124"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.92919921875,\n 57.326521225217064\n ],\n [\n -154.76440429687497,\n 57.237448817822425\n ],\n [\n -154.610595703125,\n 57.1302771818769\n ],\n [\n -154.632568359375,\n 57.022794415389725\n ],\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 56.9149999944584\n ],\n [\n -154.3798828125,\n 56.83094409085875\n ],\n [\n -154.39086914062497,\n 56.71053615360101\n ],\n [\n -154.57763671874997,\n 56.626020608371924\n ],\n [\n -154.75341796875,\n 56.601838481314694\n ],\n [\n -154.86328125,\n 56.4199784113855\n ],\n [\n -154.76440429687497,\n 56.32262930069559\n ],\n [\n -154.599609375,\n 56.389583525613055\n ],\n [\n -154.46777343749997,\n 56.444276846622905\n ],\n [\n -154.237060546875,\n 56.46249048388979\n ],\n [\n -154.13818359375,\n 56.432129570086204\n ],\n [\n -153.885498046875,\n 56.523139564372194\n ],\n [\n -153.74267578125,\n 56.70450561416937\n ],\n [\n -153.6328125,\n 56.8249328650072\n ],\n [\n -153.12744140624997,\n 57.052681978717494\n ],\n [\n -152.55615234375,\n 57.314657355733274\n ],\n [\n -152.05078125,\n 57.468589192089354\n ],\n [\n -152.07275390625,\n 57.70414723434193\n ],\n [\n -152.29248046875,\n 57.77451753559619\n ],\n [\n -152.33642578125,\n 57.97315745102812\n ],\n [\n -152.07275390625,\n 58.06625598088454\n ],\n [\n -151.5673828125,\n 58.182288761718965\n ],\n [\n -151.78710937499997,\n 58.37867853932655\n ],\n [\n -152.138671875,\n 58.48220919993359\n ],\n [\n -152.20458984375,\n 58.63121664342478\n ],\n [\n -152.40234375,\n 58.73400476743346\n ],\n [\n -152.7978515625,\n 58.55106062287748\n ],\n [\n -153.21533203125,\n 58.344100629556614\n ],\n [\n -153.56689453125,\n 58.0546319113729\n ],\n [\n -153.74267578125,\n 57.938183012205315\n ],\n [\n -154.05029296875,\n 57.89149735271034\n ],\n [\n -154.18212890625,\n 57.72761921621492\n ],\n [\n -154.48974609375,\n 57.72761921621492\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 57.61010702068388\n ],\n [\n -154.92919921875,\n 57.326521225217064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cragg, Jenna L.","contributorId":200795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cragg","given":"Jenna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, Alan E.","contributorId":179916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194064,"text":"70194064 - 2015 - Artificial reefs and reef restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:35:29","indexId":"70194064","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial reefs and reef restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"We reviewed the published literature to provide an inventory of Laurentian Great Lakes artificial reef projects and their purposes. We also sought to characterize physical and biological monitoring for artificial reef projects in the Great Lakes and determine the success of artificial reefs in meeting project objectives. We found records of 6 artificial reefs in Lake Erie, 8 in Lake Michigan, 3 in Lakes Huron and Ontario, and 2 in Lake Superior. We found 9 reefs in Great Lakes connecting channels and 6 reefs in Great Lakes tributaries. Objectives of artificial reef creation have included reducing impacts of currents and waves, providing safe harbors, improving sport-fishing opportunities, and enhancing/restoring fish spawning habitats. Most reefs in the lakes themselves were incidental (not created purposely for fish habitat) or built to improve local sport fishing, whereas reefs in tributaries and connecting channels were more frequently built to benefit fish spawning. Levels of assessment of reef performance varied; but long-term monitoring was uncommon as was assessment of physical attributes. Artificial reefs were often successful at attracting recreational species and spawning fish; however, population-level benefits of artificial reefs are unclear. Stressors such as sedimentation and bio-fouling can limit the effectiveness of artificial reefs as spawning enhancement tools. Our investigation underscores the need to develop standard protocols for monitoring the biological and physical attributes of artificial structures. Further, long-term monitoring is needed to assess the benefits of artificial reefs to fish populations and inform future artificial reef projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.021","usgsCitation":"McLean, M.W., Roseman, E.F., Pritt, J.J., Kennedy, G.W., and Manny, B.A., 2015, Artificial reefs and reef restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.021.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-080639","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 40.58058466412761\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLean, Matthew W. mmclean@usgs.gov","contributorId":5169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Matthew","email":"mmclean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":721974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. 0000-0002-5315-9838 eroseman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":168428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pritt, Jeremy J. jpritt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritt","given":"Jeremy","email":"jpritt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":721975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Gregory W. 0000-0003-1686-6960 gkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":3700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Gregory","email":"gkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193849,"text":"70193849 - 2015 - Upstream dam passage and use of an eel ladder by the common watersnake (Nerodia sipedon)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T15:42:57","indexId":"70193849","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Upstream dam passage and use of an eel ladder by the common watersnake (Nerodia sipedon)","title":"Upstream dam passage and use of an eel ladder by the common watersnake (Nerodia sipedon)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Review","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., and Loughman, Z.J., 2015, Upstream dam passage and use of an eel ladder by the common watersnake (Nerodia sipedon): Herpetological Review, v. 46, no. 2, p. 176-179.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"179","ipdsId":"IP-061308","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loughman, Zachary J.","contributorId":76157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughman","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193848,"text":"70193848 - 2015 - Decadal changes in phenology of peak abundance patterns of woodland pond salamanders in northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T12:30:52","indexId":"70193848","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5541,"text":"The Journal of North American Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal changes in phenology of peak abundance patterns of woodland pond salamanders in northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Woodland ponds are important landscape features that help sustain populations of amphibians that require this aquatic habitat for successful reproduction. Species abundance patterns often reflect site-specific differences in hydrology, physical characteristics, and surrounding vegetation. Large-scale processes such as changing land cover and environmental conditions are other potential drivers influencing amphibian populations in the Upper Midwest, but little information exists on the combined effects of these factors. We used Blue-spotted (Ambystoma laterale Hallowell) and Spotted Salamander (A. maculatum Shaw) monitoring data collected at the same woodland ponds thirteen years apart to determine if changing environmental conditions and vegetation cover in surrounding landscapes influenced salamander movement phenology and abundance. Four woodland ponds in northern Wisconsin were sampled for salamanders in April 1992-1994 and 2005-2007. While Blue-spotted Salamanders were more abundant than Spotted Salamanders in all ponds, there was no change in the numbers of either species over the years. However, peak numbers of Blue-spotted Salamanders occurred 11.7 days earlier (range: 9-14 days) in the 2000s compared to the 1990s; Spotted Salamanders occurred 9.5 days earlier (range: 3 - 13 days). Air and water temperatures (April 13- 24) increased, on average, 4.8°C and 3.7°C, respectively, between the decades regardless of pond. There were no discernible changes in canopy openness in surrounding forests between decades that would have warmed the water sooner (i.e., more light penetration). Our finding that salamander breeding phenology can vary by roughly 10 days in Wisconsin contributes to growing evidence that amphibian populations have responded to changing climate conditions by shifting life-cycle events. Managers can use this information to adjust monitoring programs and forest management activities in the surrounding landscape to avoid vulnerable amphibian movement periods. Considering direct and indirect stressors such as changing habitat and environmental conditions simultaneously to better understand trends in space and time can help improve monitoring programs for this taxa, which is at major risk of continued declines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Center for North American Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Donner, D.M., Ribic, C., Beck, A.J., Higgins, D., Eklund, D., and Reinecke, S., 2015, Decadal changes in phenology of peak abundance patterns of woodland pond salamanders in northern Wisconsin: The Journal of North American Herpetology, v. 1, p. 34-42.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-052626","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://jnah.cnah.org/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Medford-Park Falls District of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 45.63516665067313\n ],\n [\n -89.97528076171875,\n 45.63516665067313\n ],\n [\n -89.97528076171875,\n 45.94542053059529\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 45.94542053059529\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 45.63516665067313\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb1de4b09af898c8ccb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donner, Deahn M.","contributorId":171823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donner","given":"Deahn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Albert J.","contributorId":200078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higgins, Dale","contributorId":200079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Dale","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eklund, Dan","contributorId":200080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eklund","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reinecke, Susan","contributorId":200081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193847,"text":"70193847 - 2015 - Effects of population reduction on white-tailed deer home-range dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T12:19:46","indexId":"70193847","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of population reduction on white-tailed deer home-range dynamics","docAbstract":"Management strategies designed to reduce the negative impacts of overabundant Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) populations on forest regeneration may be influenced by changes in both population density and timber harvest. However, there is conflicting evidence as to how such changes in per capita resource availability influence home-range patterns. We compared home-range patterns of 33 female White-tailed Deer from a low-density population at a site with abundant browse to patterns of a sample of >100 females prior to a 75% reduction in population density and a doubling in timber harvest area. Home-range and core-area sizes were approximately 3 times larger than were found prior to population decline and timber harvest increase, consistent with predictions related to intraspecific competition. We also observed greater site fidelity than previously exhibited, although this may be an artifact of increased home-range sizes. Our results support previous research suggesting that White-tailed Deer home-range size is inversely related to population density and is driven, in part, by intraspecific competition for resources. Relationships among population density, resource availability, and home-range patterns among female White-tailed Deer appear to be complex and context specific.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1656/045.022.0215","usgsCitation":"Crimmins, S.M., Edwards, J.W., Campbell, T.A., Ford, W., Keyser, P.D., Miller, B.F., and Miller, K.V., 2015, Effects of population reduction on white-tailed deer home-range dynamics: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 22, no. 2, p. 403-412, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.022.0215.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"412","ipdsId":"IP-050131","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Randolph County","otherGeospatial":"MeadWestvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb1de4b09af898c8ccbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crimmins, Shawn M. 0000-0001-6229-5543 scrimmins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-5543","contributorId":5498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Shawn","email":"scrimmins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, John W.","contributorId":169827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Tyler A","contributorId":193051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keyser, Patrick D.","contributorId":146945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Brad F.","contributorId":200075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, Karl V.","contributorId":171517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189611,"text":"70189611 - 2015 - Earthquake geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T09:56:15","indexId":"70189611","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia)","docAbstract":"The Bulnay earthquake of July 23, 1905 (Mw 8.3-8.5), in north-central Mongolia, is one of the world's largest recorded intracontinental earthquakes and one of four great earthquakes that occurred in the region during the 20th century. The 375-km-long surface rupture of the left-lateral, strike-slip, N095°E trending Bulnay Fault associated with this earthquake is remarkable for its pronounced expression across the landscape and for the size of features produced by previous earthquakes. Our field observations suggest that in many areas the width and geometry of the rupture zone is the result of repeated earthquakes; however, in those areas where it is possible to determine that the geomorphic features are the result of the 1905 surface rupture alone, the size of the features produced by this single earthquake are singular in comparison to most other historical strike-slip surface ruptures worldwide. Along the 80 km stretch, between 97.18°E and 98.33°E, the fault zone is characterized by several meters width and the mean left-lateral 1905 offset is 8.9 ± 0.6 m with two measured cumulative offsets that are twice the 1905 slip. These observations suggest that the displacement produced during the penultimate event was similar to the 1905 slip. Morphotectonic analyses carried out at three sites along the eastern part of the Bulnay fault, allow us to estimate a mean horizontal slip rate of 3.1 ± 1.7 mm/yr over the Late Pleistocene-Holocene period. In parallel, paleoseismological investigations show evidence for two earthquakes prior to the 1905 event with recurrence intervals of ~2700-4000 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140119","usgsCitation":"Rizza, M., Ritz, J., Prentice, C.S., Vassallo, R., Braucher, R., Larroque, C., Arzhannikova, A., Arzhanikov, S., Mahan, S.A., Massault, M., Michelot, J., and Todbileg, M., 2015, Earthquake geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 1, p. 72-93, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140119.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-060346","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-01179837","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","otherGeospatial":"Bulnay Fault","volume":"105","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb9e4b0d1f9f065a8b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizza, Magali","contributorId":194806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rizza","given":"Magali","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritz, Jean-Franciois","contributorId":194807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritz","given":"Jean-Franciois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prentice, Carol S. 0000-0003-3732-3551 cprentice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3551","contributorId":2676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"Carol","email":"cprentice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vassallo, Ricardo","contributorId":194808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vassallo","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braucher, Regis","contributorId":194809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braucher","given":"Regis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larroque, Christophe","contributorId":194810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larroque","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arzhannikova, A.","contributorId":194811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arzhannikova","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arzhanikov, S.","contributorId":194812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arzhanikov","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Massault, M.","contributorId":194813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massault","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Michelot, J-L.","contributorId":194814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michelot","given":"J-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Todbileg, M.","contributorId":194815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todbileg","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70192139,"text":"70192139 - 2015 - Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T11:49:46","indexId":"70192139","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is assessing the undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group in onshore areas and State waters of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico region. The assessment is based on geologic elements of a total petroleum system. Four assessment units (AUs) are defined based on characterization of hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks, seals, traps, and the geohistory of the hydrocarbon products. Strata in each AU share similar stratigraphic, structural, and hydrocarbon-charge histories.\nThe Cotton Valley Group extends in the subsurface from southern Texas to the Florida Panhandle in an arcuate belt that crosses northern Louisiana, the southern part of Arkansas, and southern Mississippi and Alabama. Three of the AUs are quantitatively assessed for undiscovered volumes of hydrocarbons in conventional accumulations. The Cotton Valley Updip Oil AU includes areas between the maximum updip limit of the Cotton Valley Group and a curved belt of regional faults (included in the Peripheral Fault System AU). Hydrocarbon charge to this AU remains uncertain. The Peripheral Fault System Oil and Gas AU includes the Mexia, Talco, State Line, South Arkansas, Pickens, Gilbertown, and other fault segments, which trapped early oil that migrated from source rocks within the Smackover Formation. Hydrocarbons in the Downdip Oil and Gas AU are primarily associated with low-amplitude salt-related features in the East Texas, North Louisiana, and Mississippi salt basins. The Tight Sandstone Gas AU contains gas-charged sandstones previously referred to collectively as “massive.” Their reservoir properties are consistent with the USGS’s definition of continuous reservoirs, and their resources, therefore, are assessed using a separate methodology. Optimal coincidence of low-permeability sandstone, gas-mature source rocks, and complex structures of the regional Sabine feature encouraged development of a general “sweet spot” area in eastern Texas.","conferenceTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies 2015 65th Annual Convention","conferenceDate":"September 20-22, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Eoff, J.D., Dubiel, R.F., Pearson, O.N., and Whidden, K.J., 2015, Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies 2015 65th Annual Convention, v. 65, Houston, TX, September 20-22, 2015, p. 93-105.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-064950","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347044,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/065/065001/93_gcags650093.htm"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 24.287026865376436\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 24.287026865376436\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 24.287026865376436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3ce4b06e28e9c252d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eoff, Jennifer D. jeoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":3418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eoff","given":"Jennifer","email":"jeoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, Ofori N. 0000-0002-9550-1128 opearson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-1128","contributorId":1680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Ofori","email":"opearson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192313,"text":"70192313 - 2015 - Gopherus Agassizii (Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise). 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The habitat in the area is typical of the Sonoran Desert in that part of California with various trees and shrubs including Larrea tridentate (creosote bush), Parkinsonia florida (blue palo verde), Olneya tesota (ironwood), Fouquieria splendens (ocotillo) and Psorothamnus spinosus (smoketree), as well as numerous species of cacti, herbaceous plants and shrubs. The 89.4 mm in carapace length G. agassizii was estimated to be four years old by counting growth rings on the plastron, and weighed 160g. It was found basking on a flat spot on a north-facing, steep, rocky slope with a Ferocactus cylindraceus (California barrel cactus) spine impaling the G. agassizii under the right leg.
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