This research aims at building a decision support system (DSS) for selecting an optimum projection considering various factors, such as pixel size, areal extent, number of categories, spatial pattern of categories, resampling methods, and error correction methods. Specifically, this research will investigate three goals theoretically and empirically and, using the already developed empirical base of knowledge with these results, develop an expert system for map projection of raster data for regional and global database modeling. The three theoretical goals are as follows:
(1) The development of a dynamic projection that adjusts projection formulas for latitude on the basis of raster cell size to maintain equal-sized cells.
(2) The investigation of the relationships between the raster representation and the distortion of features, number of categories, and spatial pattern.
(3) The development of an error correction and resampling procedure that is based on error analysis of raster projection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01383","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., Seong, J., Steinwand, D., and Finn, M., 2002, Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-383, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01383.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0383/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60867,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0383/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seong, J.C.","contributorId":104109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seong","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinwand, D.R.","contributorId":84806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32939,"text":"ofr02195 - 2002 - Progress on geoenvironmental models for selected mineral deposit types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-09T15:49:25","indexId":"ofr02195","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-195","title":"Progress on geoenvironmental models for selected mineral deposit types","docAbstract":"Since the beginning of economic geology as a subdiscipline of the geological sciences, economic geologists have tended to classify mineral deposits on the basis of geological, mineralogical, and geochemical criteria, in efforts to systematize our understanding of mineral deposits as an aid to exploration. These efforts have led to classifications based on commodity, geologic setting (Cox and Singer, 1986), inferred temperatures and pressures of ore formation (Lindgren, 1933), and genetic setting (Park and MacDiarmid, 1975; Jensen and Bateman, 1979). None of these classification schemes is mutually exclusive; instead, there is considerable overlap among all of these classifications. A natural outcome of efforts to classify mineral deposits is the development of “mineral deposit models.” A mineral deposit model is a systematically arranged body of information that describes some or all of the essential characteristics of a selected group of mineral deposits; it presents a concept within which essential attributes may be distinguished and from which extraneous, coincidental features may be recognized and excluded (Barton, 1993). Barton (1993) noted that the grouping of deposits on the basis of common characteristics forms the basis for a classification, but the specification of the characteristics required for belonging to the group is the basis for a model. Models range from purely descriptive to genetic. A genetic model is superior to a descriptive model because it provides a basis to distinguish essential from extraneous attributes, and it has flexibility to accommodate variability in sources, processes, and local controls. In general, a descriptive model is a necessary prerequisite to a genetic model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02195","usgsCitation":"2002, Progress on geoenvironmental models for selected mineral deposit types: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-195, 213 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02195.","productDescription":"213 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3102,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65df46","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762440,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762441,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33048,"text":"wri004275 - 2002 - Simulated transport and biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a fractured dolomite aquifer near Niagara Falls, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T11:41:51","indexId":"wri004275","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4275","title":"Simulated transport and biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a fractured dolomite aquifer near Niagara Falls, New York","docAbstract":"Leakage of trichloroethene (TCE) from a neutralization pond at a former manufacturing facility near Niagara Falls, N.Y. during 1950-87 into the Guelph Formation of the Lockport Group, a fractured dolomite aquifer, created a plume of TCE and its metabolites that, by 1990, extended about 4,300 feet south of the facility. A smaller plume of dense, nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPL) probably serves as a continuing source of TCE. The presence of the TCE metabolites cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene in the plume, and the results of previous laboratory microcosm studies, indicate that the TCE is being degraded by naturally occurring microorganisms. Biodegradation rates of TCE and its metabolites were estimated through simulation with BIOMOC, a solute-transport model that represents multispecies reactions through Monod kinetics. A fracture zone in the Guelph Formation was represented as a porous medium containing an extensive, 3-foot thick layer with several interconnected fractures; this layer is bounded above and below by subhorizontal stratigraphic contacts. The Monod reaction constants were estimated through nonlinear regression to minimize the difference between computed concentrations of TCE and its metabolites, and the concentrations measured before and during 5 years of pump-and-treat remediation.
Transport simulations indicated that, by April 1998, the chlorinated ethene plume had reached a dynamic equilibrium between the rate of TCE dissolution and the rate of removal through pumping and biodegradation. Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at the site can be simulated as first-order reactions because the concentrations are generally less than the half-saturation constants estimated for Monod kinetics (320 mg/L for TCE, 10 mg/L for DCE, and 1 mg/L for VC). Computed degradation rates are proportional to the estimated ground-water velocity, which could vary by more than an order magnitude at the site, as indicated by the estimated range of fracture porosity--3 to 0.3 percent. Half-lives corresponding to first-order rate constants estimated for the lower velocity (5 to 15 feet per day) ranged from 21 to 25 days for TCE, 170 to 230 days for DCE, and 18 to 23 days for VC.
Chlorinated ethene concentrations of April 1998 were better reproduced when the TCE source was represented as a constant concentration than as a constant flux, because the latter predicted that the plume would dissipate after 5 years of pump-and-treat remediation. This result indicates that the rate of TCE dissolution is not limited by the mass of TCE in the DNAPL plume. Simulation of diffusion by the transport model MOC3D indicated that concentrations of these contaminants within the rock matrix surrounding the fracture zone were relatively unchanged after 5 years of pump-and-treat remediation. The principal sources of uncertainty in the prediction of biodegradation rates and of the fate of chlorinated ethenes at the site are the fracture porosity and DNAPL mass in the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":" Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004275","collaboration":" Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., 2002, Simulated transport and biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a fractured dolomite aquifer near Niagara Falls, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4275, vi, 55 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004275.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324248,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4275/wri20004275.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4275"},{"id":163076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4275/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Niagara Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.10774230957031,\n 43.04982335155648\n ],\n [\n -78.81214141845703,\n 43.04982335155648\n ],\n [\n -78.81214141845703,\n 43.182899476099216\n ],\n [\n -79.10774230957031,\n 43.182899476099216\n ],\n [\n -79.10774230957031,\n 43.04982335155648\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The annual Planetary Geologic Mappers Meeting serves two purposes. In addition to giving mappers the opportunity to exchange ideas, experiences, victories, and problems with others, presentations are reviewed by the Geologic Mapping Subcommittee (GeMS) to provide input to the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Mapping Program review panel’s consideration of new proposals and progress reports that include mapping tasks. Funded mappers bring both oral presentation materials (slides or viewgraphs) and map products to post for review by GeMS and fellow mappers. Additionally, the annual meetings typically feature optional field trips offering earth analogs and parallels to planetary mapping problems.
\nThe 2001 Mappers Meeting, June 18-19, was convened by Tim Parker, Dave Senske, and Ken Tanaka and was hosted by Larry Crumpler and Jayne Aubele of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Oral presentations were given in the Museum’s Honeywell Auditorium, and maps were posted in the Sandia Room. In addition to active mappers, guests included local science teachers who had successfully competed for the right to attend and listen to the reports. It was a unique pleasure for mappers to have the opportunity to interact with and provide information to teachers responding so enthusiastically to the meeting presentation.
\nOn Sunday, June 17, Larry and Jayne conducted an optional pre-meeting field trip. The flanks of Rio Grande Rift, east and west of Albuquerque and Valles Caldera north of town presented tectonic, volcanic, and sedimentary examples of the Rift and adjoining areas analogous to observed features on Mars and Venus. The arid but volcanically and tectonically active environment of New Mexico’s rift valley enables focus on features that appear morphologically young and spectacular in satellite images and digital relief models. The theme of the trip was to see what, at orbiter resolution, \"obvious\" geologic features look like at lander (outcrop) scales. Trips to the top of the rift-flanking mountains (Sandia Peak, 10,600 ft) and the Valles Caldera, as well as various active spring deposits highlighted the day.
\nAfter welcoming remarks from the host, Larry Crumpler, opening remarks by Tim Parker and Dave Senske and a report on mapping program status by Ken Tanaka, the mappers’ oral presentations began the morning of June 18, with a session on Venus Geologic Mapping. The afternoon continued with an exciting USGS Planetary GIS on the Web (PIGWAD) demonstration and ended with an open discussion of issues in planetary mapping. Posted maps of Venus quadrangles were viewed during the morning break.
\nTuesday’s Mars Geologic Mapping session began with a pep talk from Tim Parker encouraging mapping community input to the MER landing site selection committee and continued with Steve Saunders describing the potential contribution of Odyssey Mission data to the geologic mapping of Mars. A Mars map poster session was held during the morning break, and the meeting was adjourned mid-afternoon.
\nAfter the mappers meeting on Tuesday, attendants were treated to a \"Field trip to Mars.\" The Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico houses an outstanding collection of meteorites, including those that have been identified as originating from Mars. The Institute tour featured examples of most of the different lithologies exhibited by martian meteorites identified to date, as well as some of the analytical tests (scanning electron microscope) they are conducting on specimens from ALH84001.
\nWednesday, June 20, featured an optional post-meeting field trip to see a travertine quarry and nearby sites of travertine deposition, the Very Large Array near Socorro, and other volcanic features within the Rio Grande Rift.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0278","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., and Senske, D.A., 2002, Abstracts of the annual Planetary Geologic Mappers Meeting, June 18-19, 2001, Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-78, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0278.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0278.jpg"},{"id":283406,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0078/pdf/of02-078.pdf"},{"id":3707,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Rift;Mars;Valles Caldera;Venus","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a38f1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Parker, Thomas J. tparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Thomas","email":"tparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749308,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senske, David A.","contributorId":32975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senske","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70219222,"text":"70219222 - 2002 - Effects of flow on the fish communities of a regulated California river: Implications for managing native fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T15:36:40.004678","indexId":"70219222","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-15T08:33:49","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of flow on the fish communities of a regulated California river: Implications for managing native fishes","docAbstract":"We assessed the importance of flow regime to the success of native and non‐native fish species by analysing winter/spring seining data collected from 1987 to 1997 on the resident fish communities of the lower Tuolumne River, California. The data were analysed using regression models to predict the percentage of non‐native fish at a site. The regression models included various combinations of the variables longitudinal location of the site, mean April/May stream discharge in the year of sampling, and mean April/May stream discharge in the previous year. Comparison of the models indicated that the best model included longitudinal location and stream discharge in the previous year. This model is consistent with the hypothesis that flow in the previous year differentially affects reproductive success of native and non‐native species and thus the resulting community sampled in the following winter/spring. A detrended correspondence analysis of percentage abundance species data identified a co‐occurring group of native species and a co‐occurring group of non‐native species with the non‐native red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) grouping separately. The differing reproductive strategies of the species were consistent with the hypothesis concerning spawning success. Our results indicate that flow regime is an important determinant of the reproductive success of native and non‐native fish species in regulated rivers. Manipulations of flow regime are a potentially powerful tool for managing native fish species, but should be considered in combination with other restoration efforts and in the context of ecosystem restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.673","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., and Ford, T., 2002, Effects of flow on the fish communities of a regulated California river: Implications for managing native fishes: River Research and Applications, v. 18, no. 4, p. 331-342, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.673.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"342","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tuolumne River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.19979858398438,\n 37.473768205267504\n ],\n [\n -120.42663574218749,\n 37.473768205267504\n ],\n [\n -120.42663574218749,\n 37.74574303801687\n ],\n [\n -121.19979858398438,\n 37.74574303801687\n ],\n [\n -121.19979858398438,\n 37.473768205267504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, Tim","contributorId":256820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70246275,"text":"70246275 - 2002 - Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes: New methods, new perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-29T15:46:35.936572","indexId":"70246275","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T10:17:59","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes: New methods, new perspectives","docAbstract":"The ability to traverse barriers of high water velocity limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, and is central to effective fishway design. This dissertation provides a detailed analysis of volitional sprinting behavior of six migratory fish species (American shad Alosa sapidissima, alewife A. pseudoharengus, blueback herring A. aestivalis, striped bass Morone saxatilis , walleye Stizostedion vitreum, and white sucker Catostomus commersoni), against controlled water velocities of 1.5–4.5 m · s−1 in a large, open-channel flume. In Chapter 1, I develop models of maximum distance traversed ( Dmax) by fish ascending these flows, accounting for water velocity and other covariate effects. I then demonstrate the application of these models, using them to predict proportions of active migrants capable of traversing a range of distances and flow velocities. Chapter 2 focuses on behavior and swimming performance of American shad, analyzing covariate effects on attempt rate as well as Dmax, and formalizing how rate and distance jointly affect overall rates of passage. Models describe a complex pattern of varying responses of attempt rate and Dmax to hydraulics, temperature, effort expended on and recovery time since the previous attempt. In Chapter 3, I use the effect of swimming speed on fatigue time to calculate an optimal swimming speed that maximizes the over-ground distance fish can traverse, and hence defines their maximum ability to traverse velocity barriers. This speed reduces to a constant groundspeed within a given gait, regardless of the speed of flow. Data from all six species support this view, although only American shad exhibit a clear shift from the optimum prolonged speed to the optimum sprint speed at the predicted critical flow velocity. Throughout this dissertation I make extensive and novel use of statistical techniques developed for survival analysis to analyze and model behavioral data, both with respect to attempt rate and to D max. Chapter 4 provides an overview of these methods and demonstrates their application to a fish passage study of downstream-migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. An understanding of the principles described here will help the reader to better understand the findings of the previous three chapters.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Massachusetts-Amherst","usgsCitation":"Castro-Santos, T.R., 2002, Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes: New methods, new perspectives, AAI3056208.","productDescription":"AAI3056208","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":418627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3056208/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33040,"text":"wri014277 - 2002 - Flood-hazard mapping in Honduras in response to Hurricane Mitch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"wri014277","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4277","title":"Flood-hazard mapping in Honduras in response to Hurricane Mitch","docAbstract":"The devastation in Honduras due to flooding from Hurricane Mitch in 1998 prompted the U.S. Agency for International Development, through the U.S. Geological Survey, to develop a country-wide systematic approach of flood-hazard mapping and a demonstration of the method at selected sites as part of a reconstruction effort. The design discharge chosen for flood-hazard mapping was the flood with an average return interval of 50 years, and this selection was based on discussions with the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Honduran Public Works and Transportation Ministry. A regression equation for estimating the 50-year flood discharge using drainage area and annual precipitation as the explanatory variables was developed, based on data from 34 long-term gaging sites. This equation, which has a standard error of prediction of 71.3 percent, was used in a geographic information system to estimate the 50-year flood discharge at any location for any river in the country. The flood-hazard mapping method was demonstrated at 15 selected municipalities. High-resolution digital-elevation models of the floodplain were obtained using an airborne laser-terrain mapping system. Field verification of the digital elevation models showed that the digital-elevation models had mean absolute errors ranging from -0.57 to 0.14 meter in the vertical dimension. From these models, water-surface elevation cross sections were obtained and used in a numerical, one-dimensional, steady-flow stepbackwater model to estimate water-surface profiles corresponding to the 50-year flood discharge. From these water-surface profiles, maps of area and depth of inundation were created at the 13 of the 15 selected municipalities. At La Lima only, the area and depth of inundation of the channel capacity in the city was mapped. At Santa Rose de Aguan, no numerical model was created. The 50-year flood and the maps of area and depth of inundation are based on the estimated 50-year storm tide. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014277","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., 2002, Flood-hazard mapping in Honduras in response to Hurricane Mitch: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4277, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014277.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014277","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, M. C.","contributorId":90782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32373,"text":"ofr02139 - 2002 - Magnetic susceptibilities measured on rocks of the upper Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T17:03:08","indexId":"ofr02139","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-139","title":"Magnetic susceptibilities measured on rocks of the upper Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"We have measured magnetic susceptibility in the field on most of the geologic rock formations exposed in the upper Cook Inlet near Anchorage and Kenai, Alaska. Measured susceptibilities range from less than our detection limit of 0.01 x 10-3 (SI) to greater than 100 x 10-3 (SI). As expected, mafic igneous rocks have the highest susceptibilities and some sedimentary rocks the lowest. Rocks of the Tertiary Sterling Formation yielded some moderate to high susceptibility values. Although we do not have detailed information on the magnetic mineralogy of the rocks measured here, the higher susceptibilities are sufficient to explain the magnitudes of some short-wavelength aeromagnetic anomalies observed on recent surveys of the upper Cook Inlet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02139","usgsCitation":"Alstatt, A., Saltus, R.W., Bruhn, R., and Haeussler, P.J., 2002, Magnetic susceptibilities measured on rocks of the upper Cook Inlet, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-139, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02139.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3359,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States ","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alstatt, A.A.","contributorId":36984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alstatt","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruhn, R.L.","contributorId":46972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruhn","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":33061,"text":"wri014236 - 2002 - A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T22:17:24.775107","indexId":"wri014236","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4236","title":"A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes basin","docAbstract":"The St. Clair-Detroit River waterway connects Lake Huron with Lake Erie in the Great Lakes basin to form part of the international boundary between the United States and Canada. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is developed to compute flow velocities and water levels as part of a source water assessment of public water intakes. The model, which uses the generalized finite-element code RMA2, discretizes the waterway into a mesh formed by 13,783 quadratic elements defined by 42,936 nodes. Seven steady-state scenarios are used to calibrate the model by adjusting parameters associated with channel roughness in 25 material zones. An inverse modeling code is used to systematically adjust model parameters and to determine their associated uncertainty by use of nonlinear regression. Calibration results show close agreement between simulated and expected flows in major channels and water levels at gaging stations. Sensitivity analyses describe the amount of information available to estimate individual model parameters, and quantify the utility of flow measurements at selected cross sections and water-level measurements at gaging stations. Further data collection, model calibration analysis, and grid refinements are planned to assess and enhance two-dimensional flow simulation capabilities describing the horizontal flow distributions in St. Clair and Detroit Rivers and circulation patterns in Lake St. Clair.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri014236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Source Water Assessment Program and Detroit Water and Sewerage Department","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., and Koschik, J.A., 2002, A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the St. Clair-Detroit River waterway in the Great Lakes basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4236, v, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014236.","productDescription":"v, 63 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014236.JPG"},{"id":3235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014236","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426216,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51465.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"St. Clair-Detroit River waterway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0879501608355,\n 43.0374169002277\n ],\n [\n -82.51163080551677,\n 43.022110010517125\n ],\n [\n -82.93531145019806,\n 42.76397209959876\n ],\n [\n -83.24344282814843,\n 42.36778660134971\n ],\n [\n -83.25529403499223,\n 41.98035457172526\n ],\n [\n -82.78124576122286,\n 42.33174324158898\n ],\n [\n -82.0879501608355,\n 43.0374169002277\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5ca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschik, John A.","contributorId":24020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32374,"text":"ofr02142 - 2002 - Post-glacial inflation-deflation cycles, tilting, and faulting in the Yellowstone Caldera based on Yellowstone Lake shorelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T14:03:14","indexId":"ofr02142","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-142","title":"Post-glacial inflation-deflation cycles, tilting, and faulting in the Yellowstone Caldera based on Yellowstone Lake shorelines","docAbstract":"The Yellowstone caldera, like many other later Quaternary calderas of the world, exhibits dramatic unrest. Between 1923 and 1985, the center of the Yellowstone caldera rose nearly one meter along an axis between its two resurgent domes (Pelton and Smith, 1979, Dzurisin and Yamashita, 1987). From 1985 until 1995-6, it subsided at about two cm/yr (Dzurisin and others, 1990). More recent radar interferometry studies show renewed inflation of the northeastern resurgent dome between 1995 and 1996; this inflation migrated to the southwestern resurgent dome from 1996 to 1997 (Wicks and others, 1998). We extend this record back in time using dated geomorphic evidence of postglacial Yellowstone Lake shorelines around the northern shore, and Yellowstone River levels in the outlet area. We date these shorelines using carbon isotopic and archeological methods. Following Meyer and Locke (1986) and Locke and Meyer (1994), we identify the modern shoreline as S1 (1.9 ? 0.3 m above the lake gage datum), map paleoshoreline terraces S2 to S6, and infer that the prominent shorelines were cut during intracaldera uplift episodes that produced rising water levels. Doming along the caldera axis reduces the gradient of the Yellowstone River from Le Hardys Rapids to the Yellowstone Lake outlet and ultimately causes an increase in lake level. The 1923-1985 doming is part of a longer uplift episode that has reduced the Yellowstone River gradient to a ?pool? with a drop of only 0.25 m over most of this 5 km reach. We also present new evidence that doming has caused submergence of some Holocene lake and river levels. Shoreline S5 is about 14 m above datum and estimated to be ~12.6 ka, because it post-dates a large hydrothermal explosion deposit from the Mary Bay area (MB-II) that occurred ~13 ka. S4 formed about 8 m above datum ~10.7 ka as dated by archeology and 14C, and was accompanied by offset on the Fishing Bridge fault. About 9.7 ka, the Yellowstone River eroded the ?S-meander?, followed by a ~5 m rise in lake level to S2. The lowest generally recognizable shoreline is S2. It is ~5 m above datum (3 m above S1) and is ~8 ka, as dated on both sides of the outlet. Yellowstone Lake and the river near Fishing Bridge were 5-6 m below their present level about 3-4 ka, as indicated by 14C ages from submerged beach deposits, drowned valleys, and submerged Yellowstone River gravels. Thus, the lake in the outlet region has been below or near its present level for about half the time since a 1 km-thick icecap melted from the Yellowstone Lake basin about 16 ka. The amplitude of two rises in lake and river level can be estimated based on the altitude of Le Hardys Rapids, indicators of former lake and river levels, and reconstruction of the river gradient from\r\nthe outlet to Le Hardys Rapids. Both between ~9.5 ka and ~8.5 ka, and after ~3 ka, Le Hardys Rapids (LHR) was uplifted about 8 meters above the outlet, suggesting a cyclic deformation process. Older possible rises in lake level are suggested by locations where the ~10.7 ka S4 truncates older shorelines, and valleys truncated by the ~12.6 ka S5 shoreline. Using these controls, a plot of lake level through time shows 5-7 millennial-scale oscillations since 14.5 ka. Major cycles of inflation and deflation are thousands of years long. Le Hardys Rapids has twice been uplifted ~8 m relative to the lake outlet. These two locations span only the central 25% of the historic caldera doming, so that if we use historic doming as a model, total projected uplift would be ~32 m. This ?heavy breathing? of the central part of the Yellowstone caldera may reflect a combination of several possible processes: magmatic inflation, tectonic stretching and deflation, and hydrothermal fluid sealing and inflation followed by cracking of the seal, pressure release, and deflation. Over the entire postglacial period, subsidence has balanced or slightly exceeded uplift as shown by older shorelines that descend towards the caldera axis. We","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02142","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., Cannon, K.P., Meyer, G.A., Trebesch, M.J., and Watts, R.D., 2002, Post-glacial inflation-deflation cycles, tilting, and faulting in the Yellowstone Caldera based on Yellowstone Lake shorelines: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-142, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02142.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3360,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683ada","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Kenneth P.","contributorId":14472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cannon","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":208458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Grant A.","contributorId":26340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Grant","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":208459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trebesch, Matthew J.","contributorId":48227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trebesch","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watts, Raymond D.","contributorId":105713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70161966,"text":"70161966 - 2002 - Ecological and evolutionary conditions for fruit abortion to regulate pollinating seed-eaters and increase plant production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T11:56:02","indexId":"70161966","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological and evolutionary conditions for fruit abortion to regulate pollinating seed-eaters and increase plant production","docAbstract":"Coevolved mutualisms, such as those between senita cacti, yuccas, and their respective obligate pollinators, benefit both species involved in the interaction. However, in these pollination mutualisms the pollinator's larvae impose a cost on plants through consumption of developing seeds and fruit. The effects of pollinators on benefits and costs are expected to vary with the abundance of pollinators, because large population sizes result in more eggs and larval seed-eaters. Here, we develop the hypothesis that fruit abortion, which is common in yucca, senita, and plants in general, could in some cases have the function of limiting pollinator abundance and, thereby, increasing fruit production. Using a general steady-state model of fruit production and pollinator dynamics, we demonstrate that plants involved in pollinating seed-eater mutualisms can increase their fecundity by randomly aborting fruit. We show that the ecological conditions under which fruit abortion can improve plants fecundity are not unusual. They are best met when the plant is long-lived, the population dynamics of the pollinator are much faster than those of the plant, the loss of one fruit via abortion kills a larva that would have the expectation of destroying more than one fruit through its future egg laying as an adult moth, and the effects of fruit abortion on pollinator abundance are spatially localized. We then use the approach of adaptive dynamics to find conditions under which a fruit abortion strategy based on regulating the pollinator population could feasibly evolve in this type of plant–pollinator interaction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/tpbi.2001.1571","usgsCitation":"Holland, J.N., and DeAngelis, D., 2002, Ecological and evolutionary conditions for fruit abortion to regulate pollinating seed-eaters and increase plant production: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 61, no. 3, p. 251-263, https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.2001.1571.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"263","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e041e4b039675d005e11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, J. Nathaniel","contributorId":49912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33053,"text":"wri004083 - 2002 - Application of advanced geophysical logging methods in the characterization of a fractured-sedimentary bedrock aquifer, Ventura County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T15:20:04","indexId":"wri004083","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4083","title":"Application of advanced geophysical logging methods in the characterization of a fractured-sedimentary bedrock aquifer, Ventura County, California","docAbstract":"An integrated suite of advanced geophysical logging methods was used to characterize the geology and hydrology of three boreholes completed in fractured-sedimentary bedrock in Ventura County, California. The geophysical methods included caliper, gamma, electromagnetic induction, borehole deviation, optical and acoustic televiewer, borehole radar, fluid resistivity, temperature, and electromagnetic flowmeter. The geophysical logging 1) provided insights useful for the overall geohydrologic characterization of the bedrock and 2) enhanced the value of information collected by other methods from the boreholes including core-sample analysis, multiple-level monitoring, and packer testing.
The logged boreholes, which have open intervals of 100 to 200 feet, penetrate a sequence of interbedded sandstone and mudstone with bedding striking 220 to 250 degrees and dipping 15 to 40 degrees to the northwest. Fractures intersected by the boreholes include fractures parallel to bedding and fractures with variable strike that dip moderately to steeply. Two to three flow zones were detected in each borehole. The flow zones consist of bedding-parallel or steeply dipping fractures or a combination of bedding-parallel fractures and moderately to steeply dipping fractures. About 75 to more than 90 percent of the measured flow under pumped conditions was produced by only one of the flow zones in each borehole.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004083","collaboration":" Prepared in cooperation with the University of Waterloo, Canada","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Lane, J.W., Singha, K., and Haeni, F.P., 2002, Application of advanced geophysical logging methods in the characterization of a fractured-sedimentary bedrock aquifer, Ventura County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4083, 28 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004083.","productDescription":"28 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4083/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323968,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4083/wri20004083.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4083"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Ventura County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.03823852539061,\n 34.093041824023096\n ],\n [\n -118.67774963378906,\n 34.093041824023096\n ],\n [\n -118.67774963378906,\n 34.326426048404265\n ],\n [\n -119.03823852539061,\n 34.326426048404265\n ],\n [\n -119.03823852539061,\n 34.093041824023096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) is a major national initiative led by the US Geological Survey that serves the needs of the earthquake monitoring, engineering, and research communities as well as national, state, and local governments, emergency response organizations, and the general public. Legislation authorizing the ANSS was passed in 2000, and low levels of funding for planning and initial purchases of new seismic instrumentation have been appropriated beginning in FY2000. When fully operational, the ANSS will be an advanced monitoring system (modern digital seismographs and accelerographs, communications networks, data collection and processing centers, and well-trained personnel) distributed across the United States that operates with high performance standards, gathers critical technical data, and effectively provides timely and reliable earthquake products, information, and services to meet the Nation’s needs. The ANSS will automatically broadcast timely and authoritative products describing the occurrence of earthquakes, earthquake source properties, the distribution of ground shaking, and, where feasible, broadcast early warnings and alerts for the onset of strong ground shaking. Most importantly, the ANSS will provide earthquake data, derived products, and information to the public, emergency responders, officials, engineers, educators, researchers, and other ANSS partners rapidly and in forms that are useful for their needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0292","usgsCitation":"Committee, A.T., 2002, Technical guidelines for the implementation of the Advanced National Seismic System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-92, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0292.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3354,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Committee, ANSS Technical Integration","contributorId":24826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Committee","given":"ANSS","email":"","middleInitial":"Technical Integration","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32365,"text":"ofr0268 - 2002 - Results of streamflow gain-loss studies in Texas, with emphasis on gains from and losses to major and minor aquifers, Texas, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T15:27:19","indexId":"ofr0268","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-68","title":"Results of streamflow gain-loss studies in Texas, with emphasis on gains from and losses to major and minor aquifers, Texas, 2000","docAbstract":"Data for all 366 known streamflow gain-loss studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas were aggregated. A water-budget equation that includes discharges for main channels, tributaries, return flows, and withdrawals was used to document the channel gain or loss for each of 2,872 subreaches for the studies. The channel gain or loss represents discharge from or recharge to aquifers crossed by the streams. Where applicable, the major or minor aquifer outcrop traversed by each subreach was identified, as was the length and location for each subreach. These data will be used to estimate recharge or discharge for major and minor aquifers in Texas, as needed by the Ground-Water Availability Modeling Program being conducted by the Texas Water Development Board. The data also can be used, along with current flow rates for streamflow-gaging stations, to estimate streamflow at sites remote from gaging stations, including sites where streamflow availability is needed for permitted withdrawals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0268","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Slade, R.M., Bentley, J.T., and Michaud, D., 2002, Results of streamflow gain-loss studies in Texas, with emphasis on gains from and losses to major and minor aquifers, Texas, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-68, HTML Document; Report: iii, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0268.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iii, 131 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bentley, J. Taylor","contributorId":85239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michaud, Dana","contributorId":92314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaud","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32380,"text":"ofr02184 - 2002 - Modified Mercalli intensities (MMI) for large earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, in 1811-1812 and near Charleston, South Carolina, in 1886","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T21:06:20.694379","indexId":"ofr02184","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-184","title":"Modified Mercalli intensities (MMI) for large earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, in 1811-1812 and near Charleston, South Carolina, in 1886","docAbstract":"Large historical earthquakes occurred in the eastern United States on December 16, 1811 near New Madrid, MO, on January 23, 1812 near New Madrid, MO, on February 7, 1812 near New Madrid, MO, and on September 1, 1886 near Charleston, SC. Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) assignments for these earthquakes were used by Bakun et al. (submitted) to estimate the location and moment magnitude M of these earthquakes from MMI observations. The MMI assignments used by Bakun et al. (submitted) are listed in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02184","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Johnston, A.C., and Hopper, M.G., 2002, Modified Mercalli intensities (MMI) for large earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, in 1811-1812 and near Charleston, South Carolina, in 1886: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-184, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02184.","productDescription":"31 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":166635,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02184.jpg"},{"id":415890,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51541.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283715,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0184/pdf/of02-184.pdf"},{"id":3365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0184/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri, South Carolina","city":"Charleston, New Madrid","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.42290520540121,\n 36.8082963196958\n ],\n [\n -89.97676652775205,\n 36.8082963196958\n ],\n [\n -89.97676652775205,\n 36.417218605917114\n ],\n [\n -89.42290520540121,\n 36.417218605917114\n ],\n [\n -89.42290520540121,\n 36.8082963196958\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.09420544548885,\n 32.92048237667073\n ],\n [\n -80.09420544548885,\n 32.66546855991345\n ],\n [\n -79.72879486352295,\n 32.66546855991345\n ],\n [\n -79.72879486352295,\n 32.92048237667073\n ],\n [\n -80.09420544548885,\n 32.92048237667073\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, A. C.","contributorId":85574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopper, M. G.","contributorId":39389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32376,"text":"ofr02161 - 2002 - Thermodynamic data for modeling acid mine drainage problems: compilation and estimation of data for selected soluble iron-sulfate minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:22","indexId":"ofr02161","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-161","title":"Thermodynamic data for modeling acid mine drainage problems: compilation and estimation of data for selected soluble iron-sulfate minerals","docAbstract":"Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs energy of formation, and entropy values have been compiled from the literature for the hydrated ferrous sulfate minerals melanterite, rozenite, and szomolnokite, and a variety of other hydrated sulfate compounds. On the basis of this compilation, it appears that there is no evidence for an excess enthalpy of mixing for sulfate-H2O systems, except for the first H2O molecule of crystallization. The enthalpy and Gibbs energy of formation of each H2O molecule of crystallization, except the first, in the iron(II) sulfate - H2O system is -295.15 and -238.0 kJ?mol-1, respectively. The absence of an excess enthalpy of mixing is used as the basis for estimating thermodynamic values for a variety of ferrous, ferric, and mixed-valence sulfate salts of relevance to acid-mine drainage systems.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02161","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., Seal, R., and Chou, I., 2002, Thermodynamic data for modeling acid mine drainage problems: compilation and estimation of data for selected soluble iron-sulfate minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-161, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02161.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3361,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-161/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dc10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, Bruch S.","contributorId":19542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruch","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, I-Ming 0000-0001-5233-6479 imchou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I-Ming","email":"imchou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32364,"text":"ofr0261 - 2002 - Digital inventory of landslides and related deposits in Honduras triggered by Hurricane Mitch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T13:26:24","indexId":"ofr0261","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-61","title":"Digital inventory of landslides and related deposits in Honduras triggered by Hurricane Mitch","docAbstract":"Intense rainfall from Hurricane Mitch from October 27-31, 1998, exceeded 900 mm in places in Honduras and triggered in excess of 500,000 landslides throughout the country. Landslides damaged an estimated 70% of the road network in Honduras based on estimates by the U. S Army Corps of Engineers. Numbers of fatalities due to landslides are not accurately known due to the fact that numerous small villages throughout Honduras lost residents to landslides without an official count being recorded. A conservative estimate would place the number at near 1,000. Debris flows accounted for over 95% of the landslides and ranged in thickness from 1 to 15 m. Flow path lengths of these failures ranged from several meters to 7.5 km. The highest concentrations of debris flows occurred in the mountains near the town of Choluteca where over 900 mm of rain fell in three days. Although landslides other than debris flows were few, several deep-seated landslides in the city of Tegucigalpa severely impacted people and property. The 'El Berrinche' rotational slump/earth flow of approximately six million cubic meters volume destroyed the entire neighborhood of Colonia Soto near the center of the city. The landslide also dammed the Rio Choluteca and created a lagoon behind the landslide dam, which immediately posed a health problem for the city, because raw, untreated sewage was emptying into the Rio Choluteca. Several areas of highly concentrated landslides have been responsible for much of the flooding problem\r\nas well. Huge sediment influxes from landslide source areas near La Ceiba, La Libertad, Marale, and in several arms of El Cajon Reservoir have reduced stream capacities to practically nothing and have exacerbated flooding conditions in even the moderate rainfall seasons since Hurricane Mitch. The ongoing hazard to communities from landslides triggered during Hurricane Mitch are being analyzed\r\nusing aerial photography taken by the U.S. Air Force and by supplemental photography taken by local contractors. Through the use of digital elevation models derived from 1:50,000-scale topographic maps and geologic maps, landslide susceptibility maps will be derived to aid land-use planning and relocation\r\nefforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0261","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Hagaman, K.W., Held, M.D., and McKenna, J., 2002, Digital inventory of landslides and related deposits in Honduras triggered by Hurricane Mitch: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-61, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0261.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3345,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65aa5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagaman, Kirk W.","contributorId":13673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagaman","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Held, Matthew D.","contributorId":37384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Held","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenna, Jonathan P.","contributorId":6915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Jonathan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185171,"text":"70185171 - 2002 - Evaluating behavior of oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate during recharge and quantifying reduction rates in a contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:48:16","indexId":"70185171","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating behavior of oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate during recharge and quantifying reduction rates in a contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the biogeochemical changes that occur when recharge water comes in contact with a reduced aquifer. It specifically addresses (1) which reactions occur in situ, (2) the order in which these reactions will occur if terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) are introduced simultaneously, (3) the rates of these reactions, and (4) the roles of the aqueous and solid-phase portions of the aquifer. Recharge events of waters containing various combinations of O2, NO3, and SO4 were simulated at a shallow sandy aquifer contaminated with waste fuels and chlorinated solvents using modified push−pull tests to quantify rates. In situ rate constants for aerobic respiration (14.4 day -1), denitrification (5.04−7.44 day-1), and sulfate reduction (4.32−6.48 day-1) were estimated. Results show that when introduced together, NO3 and SO4can be consumed simultaneously at similar rates. To distinguish the role of aqueous phase from that of the solid phase of the aquifer, groundwater was extracted, amended with NO3 and SO4, and monitored over time. Results indicate that neither NO3 nor SO4 was reduced during the course of the aqueous-phase study, suggesting that NO3 and SO4 can behave conservatively in highly reduced water. It is clear that sediments and their associated microbial communities are important in driving redox reactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es015615q","usgsCitation":"McGuire, J., Long, D.T., Klug, M.J., Haack, S.K., and Hyndman, D.W., 2002, Evaluating behavior of oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate during recharge and quantifying reduction rates in a contaminated aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 12, p. 2993-2700, https://doi.org/10.1021/es015615q.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"2993","endPage":"2700","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d4e4b0849ce97c86f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Jennifer T.","contributorId":53979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jennifer T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, David T.","contributorId":20364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klug, Michael J.","contributorId":20930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klug","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyndman, David W.","contributorId":7868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":32337,"text":"ds71 - 2002 - Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T06:30:07","indexId":"ds71","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-09T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71","title":"Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles","docAbstract":"This product consists of Adobe Acrobat .PDF format documents for 10 surficial geologic strip maps along the Animas River watershed from its major headwater tributaries, south to Durango, Colorado. The Animas River originates in the San Juan Mountains north of the historic mining town of Silverton, Colorado. The surficial geologic maps identify surficial deposits, such as flood-plain and terrace gravels, alluvial fans, glacial till, talus, colluvium, landslides, and bogs. Sixteen primary units were mapped that included human-related deposits and structures, eight alluvial, four colluvial, one glacial, travertine deposits, and undifferentiated bedrock. Each of the surficial geologic strip maps has .PDF links to surficial geology photographs, which enable the user to take a virtual tour of these deposits. Geochemical data collected from mapped surficial deposits that pre- and postdate mining activity have aided in determining the geochemical baseline in the watershed. Several photographs with their corresponding geochemical baseline profiles are accessible through .PDF links from several of the maps. A single coverage for all surficial deposits mapped is included as an ArcInfo shape file as an Arc Export format .e00 file. A gradient map for major headwater tributary streams to the Animas River is also included. The gradient map has stream segments that are color-coded based on relative variations in slope and .PDF format links to each stream gradient profile. Stream gradients were derived from U.S. Geological Survey 10-m digital elevation model data. This project was accomplished in support of the U.S. Geological Survey's Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds71","usgsCitation":"Blair, R.W., Yager, D.B., and Church, S.E., 2002, Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-71, 5 p., 12 pls.","productDescription":"Report: i, 3 p.; Metadata; ReadMe; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":369930,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"12 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DDS-71 Read Me"},{"id":370014,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/dds71.pdf","text":"Report","size":"732 kB ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DDS-71"},{"id":369959,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/coverages/coverages.zip","text":"Coverages","size":"3.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DDS-71 Coverages"},{"id":369957,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/metadata/dds_71_metadata.txt","text":"Metadata","size":"20 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DDS-71 Metadata"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.85083333333333,37.28472222222222 ], [ -107.85083333333333,37.933611111111105 ], [ -107.55,37.933611111111105 ], [ -107.55,37.28472222222222 ], [ -107.85083333333333,37.28472222222222 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Management alternatives that could help mitigate the effects of water withdrawals on streamflow in the Ipswich River Basin were evaluated by simulation with a calibrated Hydrologic Simulation Program--Fortran (HSPF) model. The effects of management alternatives on streamflow were simulated for a 35-year period (1961-95). Most alternatives examined increased low flows compared to the base simulation of average 1989-93 withdrawals. Only the simulation of no septic-effluent inflow, and the simulation of a 20-percent increase in withdrawals, further lowered flows or caused the river to stop flowing for longer periods of time than the simulation of average 1989-93 withdrawals. Simulations of reduced seasonal withdrawals by 20 percent, and by 50 percent, resulted in a modest increase in low flow in a critical habitat reach (model reach 8 near the Reading town well field); log-Pearson Type III analysis of simulated daily-mean flow indicated that under these reduced withdrawals, model reach 8 would stop flowing for a period of seven consecutive days about every other year, whereas under average 1989-93 withdrawals this reach would stop flowing for a seven consecutive day period almost every year. Simulations of no seasonal withdrawals, and simulations that stopped streamflow depletion when flow in model reach 19 was below 22 cubic feet per second, indicated flow would be maintained in model reach 8 at all times. Simulations indicated wastewater-return flows would augment low flow in proportion to the rate of return flow. Simulations of a 1.5 million gallons per day return flow rate indicated model reach 8 would stop flowing for a period of seven consecutive days about once every 5 years; simulated return flow rates of 1.1 million gallons per day indicated that model reach 8 would stop flowing for a period of seven consecutive days about every other year. Simulation of reduced seasonal withdrawals, combined with no septic effluent return flow, indicated only a slight increase in low flow compared to low flows simulated under average 1989-93 withdrawals. Simulation of reduced seasonal withdrawal, combined with 2.6 million gallons per day wastewater-return flows, provided more flow in model reach 8 than that simulated under no withdrawals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01483","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., 2002, Effects of water-management alternatives on streamflow in the Ipswich River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-483, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01483.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2810,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01483/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":390452,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51402.htm"},{"id":161109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.2167,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -71.0203,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -71.0203,\n 42.6667\n ],\n [\n -71.2167,\n 42.6667\n ],\n [\n -71.2167,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Philip J.","contributorId":21588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31013,"text":"wri024042 - 2002 - Simulation of a proposed emergency outlet from Devils Lake, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T12:55:21","indexId":"wri024042","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4042","title":"Simulation of a proposed emergency outlet from Devils Lake, North Dakota","docAbstract":"From 1993 to 2001, Devils Lake rose more than 25 feet, flooding farmland, roads, and structures around the lake and causing more than $400 million in damages in the Devils Lake Basin. In July 2001, the level of Devils Lake was at 1,448.0 feet above sea level1, which was the highest lake level in more than 160 years. The lake could continue to rise to several feet above its natural spill elevation to the Sheyenne River (1,459 feet above sea level) in future years, causing extensive additional flooding in the basin and, in the event of an uncontrolled natural spill, downstream in the Red River of the North Basin as well. The outlet simulation model described in this report was developed to determine the potential effects of various outlet alternatives on the future lake levels and water quality of Devils Lake.
Lake levels of Devils Lake are controlled largely by precipitation on the lake surface, evaporation from the lake surface, and surface inflow. For this study, a monthly water-balance model was developed to compute the change in total volume of Devils Lake, and a regression model was used to estimate monthly water-balance data on the basis of limited recorded data. Estimated coefficients for the regression model indicated fitted precipitation on the lake surface was greater than measured precipitation in most months, fitted evaporation from the lake surface was less than estimated evaporation in most months, and ungaged inflow was about 2 percent of gaged inflow in most months.
Dissolved sulfate was considered to be the key water-quality constituent for evaluating the effects of a proposed outlet on downstream water quality. Because large differences in sulfate concentrations existed among the various bays of Devils Lake, monthly water-balance data were used to develop detailed water and sulfate mass-balance models to compute changes in sulfate load for each of six major storage compartments in response to precipitation, evaporation, inflow, and outflow from each compartment. The storage compartments--five for Devils Lake and one for Stump Lake--were connected by bridge openings, culverts, or natural channels that restricted mixing between compartments. A numerical algorithm was developed to calculate inflow and outflow from each compartment.
Sulfate loads for the storage compartments first were calculated using the assumptions that no interaction occurred between the bottom sediments and the water column and no wind- or buoyancy-induced mixing occurred between compartments. However, because the fitted sulfate loads did not agree with the estimated sulfate loads, which were obtained from recorded sulfate concentrations, components were added to the sulfate mass-balance model to account for the flux of sulfate between bottom sediments and the lake and for mixing between storage compartments. Mixing between compartments can occur during periods of open water because of wind and during periods of ice cover because of water-density differences between compartments. Sulfate loads calculated using the sulfate mass-balance model with sediment interaction and mixing between compartments closely matched sulfate loads computed from historical concentrations.
The water and sulfate mass-balance models were used to calculate potential future lake levels and sulfate concentrations for Devils Lake and Stump Lake given potential future values of monthly precipitation, evaporation, and inflow. Potential future inputs were generated using a scenario approach and a stochastic approach. In the scenario approach, historical values of precipitation, evaporation, and inflow were repeated in the future for a particular sequence of historical years. In the stochastic approach, a statistical time-series model was developed to randomly generate potential future inputs. The scenario approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of various outlet alternatives, and the stochastic approach was used to evaluate the hydrologic and water-quality effects of the potential outlet alternatives that were selected on the basis of the scenario analysis.
Given potential future lake levels and sulfate concentrations generated using either the scenario or stochastic approach and potential future ambient flows and sulfate concentrations for the Sheyenne River receiving waters, daily outlet discharges could be calculated for virtually any outlet alternative. For the scenario approach, future ambient flows and sulfate concentrations for the Sheyenne River were generated using the same sequence of years used for generating water-balance data for Devils Lake. For the stochastic approach, a procedure was developed for generating daily Sheyenne River flows and sulfate concentrations that were \"in-phase\" with the generated water-balance data for Devils Lake.
Simulation results for the scenario approach indicated that neither of the West Bay outlet alternatives provided effective flood-damage reduction without exceeding downstream water-quality constraints. However, both Pelican Lake outlet alternatives provided significant flood-damage reduction with only minor downstream water-quality changes. The most effective alternative for controlling rising lake levels was a Pelican Lake outlet with a 480-cubic-foot-per-second pump capacity and a 250-milligram-per-liter downstream sulfate constraint. However, this plan is costly because of the high pump capacity and the requirement of a control structure on Highway 19 to control the level of Pelican Lake. A less costly, though less effective for flood-damage reduction, plan is a Pelican Lake outlet with a 300-cubic-foot-per-second pump capacity and a 250-milligram-per-liter downstream sulfate constraint. The plan is less costly because the pump capacity is smaller and because the control structure on Highway 19 is not required. The less costly Pelican Lake alternative with a 450-milligramper- liter downstream sulfate constraint rather than a 250-milligram-per-liter downstream sulfate constraint was identified by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as the preferred alternative for detailed design and engineering analysis.
Simulation results for the stochastic approach indicated that the geologic history of lake-level fluctuations of Devils Lake for the past 2,500 years was consistent with a climatic history that consisted of two climate states--a wet state, similar to conditions during 1980-99, and a normal state, similar to conditions during 1950-78. The transition times between the wet and normal climatic periods occurred randomly. The average duration of the wet climatic periods was 20 years, and the average duration of the normal climatic periods was 120 years.
The stochastic approach was used to generate 10,000 independent sequences of lake levels and sulfate concentrations for Devils Lake for water years 2001-50. Each trace began with the same starting conditions, and the duration of the current wet cycle was generated randomly for each trace. Each trace was generated for the baseline (natural) condition and for the Pelican Lake outlet with a 300-cubic-foot-per-second pump capacity and a 450-milligram-per-liter downstream sulfate constraint. The outlet significantly lowered the probabilities of future lake-level increases within the next 50 years and did not substantially increase the probabilities of reaching low lake levels or poor water-quality conditions during the same period.
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Our opportunity to cooperatively sample and study this district in Siberian Russia arose in 1990 through a memorandum of understanding between the U.S. Geological Survey and the former Ministry of Geology of the U.S.S.R. The world-class significance of these deposits and the possibility that understanding their geologic context, including construction of a credible 'ore-deposit model,' will lead to discovery of similar deposits elsewhere, inspired extensive studies of the ores, the mafic-intrusions which host them, and associated flood basalts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr200274","usgsCitation":"Czamanske, G.K., 2002, Petrographic and Geochemical Characterization of Ore-Bearing Intrusions of the Noril'sk type, Siberia; With Discussion of Their Origin, Including Additional Datasets and Core Logs (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-74, Log Files; Text Files; Data Files; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200274.","productDescription":"Log Files; Text Files; Data Files; Tables","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12859,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 85,68 ], [ 85,71 ], [ 91,71 ], [ 91,68 ], [ 85,68 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czamanske, Gerald K. 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(submitted) to develop a model for eastern North America for estimating the location and moment magnitude M of earthquakes from MMI observations. MMI assignments for most of the earthquakes considered by Bakun et al. (submitted) are published. MMI assignments for 6 other earthquakes used by Bakun et al. (submitted) are listed in this report: November 18, 1755 near Cape Ann, Massachusetts; January 5, 1843 near Marked Tree, Arkansas; October 31, 1895 in southern Illinois; November 18, 1929 on the Grand Banks, Newfoundland; September 26, 1990 in southeast Missouri; and May 4, 1991 near Risco, Missouri. MMI empirical site corrections developed and used by Bakun et al. (submitted) are also listed in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02109","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Johnston, A.C., and Hopper, M.G., 2002, Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI) for some earthquakes in eastern North America (ENA) and empirical MMI site corrections for towns in ENA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-109, Report: 71 p.; Tables 1-7; Explanation for Tables 1-6; Explanation for Table 7; References, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02109.","productDescription":"Report: 71 p.; Tables 1-7; Explanation for Tables 1-6; Explanation for Table 7; References","numberOfPages":"72","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02109.jpg"},{"id":2871,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283438,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0109/pdf/of02-109.pdf"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Arkansas;Illinois;Massachusetts;Missouri;Newfoundland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.05,32.92 ], [ -96.05,52.37 ], [ -50.04,52.37 ], [ -50.04,32.92 ], [ -96.05,32.92 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. 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Remediation efforts were started in 1995 in an attempt to contain trichloroethene and other contaminants in the ground water. The model was developed as a tool to test the effectiveness of the pump-and-treat remediation efforts as well as alternative remediation strategies. The model utilized stratigraphic data from approximately 76 Navy and 19 private wells to define the geometry of the shallow, intermediate, and deep aquifers and the intervening confining layers. Initial aquifer parameters and recharge estimates from aquifer tests and published remedial investigation reports were used in the model and then adjusted until simulated water levels closely matched observed water-level data collected prior to the onset of remediation in 1995. The calibrated model was then modified to depict the remedial pump-and-treat system, in which contaminated ground water is extracted, treated, and returned to the ground surface for infiltration. The water levels simulated by the modified model were compared with observed water levels for the 1998 calendar year, during which time the pump-and-treat system was in nearly continuous operation and the ground-water system had equilibrated to steady-state conditions. Although artificial boundaries were used in the model, the choice of model boundary conditions was simulation in the area of primary concern surrounding the western contaminant plume and extraction wells. Particle tracking results indicate that the model can effectively simulate the advective transport of contaminants from the source area to the pumping wells and thus be used to test alternative remedial pumping strategies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014252","usgsCitation":"Simonds, F.W., 2002, Simulation of ground-water flow and potential contaminant transport at Area 6 Landfill, Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Island County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4252, 52 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014252.","productDescription":"52 p. 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