{"pageNumber":"1137","pageRowStart":"28400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40871,"records":[{"id":61475,"text":"mf2372 - 2002 - Hydrostructural maps of the Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T09:09:37","indexId":"mf2372","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2372","title":"Hydrostructural maps of the Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"The locations of principal faults and structural zones that may influence ground-water flow were compiled in support of a three-dimensional ground-water model for the Death Valley regional flow system (DVRFS), which covers 80,000 square km in southwestern Nevada and southeastern California.  Faults include Neogene extensional and strike-slip faults and pre-Tertiary thrust faults.  Emphasis was given to characteristics of faults and deformed zones that may have a high potential for influencing hydraulic conductivity.  These include:  (1) faulting that results in the juxtaposition of stratigraphic units with contrasting hydrologic properties, which may cause ground-water discharge and other perturbations in the flow system; (2) special physical characteristics of the fault zones, such as brecciation and fracturing, that may cause specific parts of the zone to act either as conduits or as barriers to fluid flow; (3) the presence of a variety of lithologies whose physical and deformational characteristics may serve to impede or enhance flow in fault zones; (4) orientation of a fault with respect to the present-day stress field,  possibly influencing hydraulic conductivity along the fault zone; and (5) faults that have been active in late Pleistocene or Holocene time and areas of contemporary seismicity, which may be associated with enhanced permeabilities.\n      The faults shown on maps A and B are largely from Workman and others (in press), and fit one or more of the following criteria:  (1) faults that are more than 10 km in map length; (2) faults with more than 500 m of displacement; and (3) faults in sets that define a significant structural fabric that characterizes a particular domain of the DVRFS.  The following fault types are shown:  Neogene normal, Neogene strike-slip, Neogene low-angle normal, pre-Tertiary thrust, and structural boundaries of Miocene calderas.  We have highlighted faults that have late Pleistocene to Holocene displacement (Piety, 1996).  Areas of thick Neogene basin-fill deposits (thicknesses 1-2 km, 2-3 km, and >3 km) are shown on map A, based on gravity anomalies and depth-to-basement modeling by Blakely and others (1999).  We have interpreted the positions of faults in the subsurface, generally following the interpretations of Blakely and others (1999).  Where geophysical constraints are not present, the faults beneath late Tertiary and Quaternary cover have been extended based on geologic reasoning.  Nearly all of these concealed faults are shown with continuous solid lines on maps A and B, in order to provide continuous structures for incorporation into the hydrogeologic framework model (HFM).  Map A also shows the potentiometric surface, regional springs (25-35 degrees Celsius, D'Agnese and others, 1997), and cold springs (Turner and others, 1996).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2372","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office","usgsCitation":"Potter, C., Sweetkind, D.S., Dickerson, R., and Killgore, M., 2002, Hydrostructural maps of the Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2372, 2 maps Sheets: 34 x 50 inches; Readme; Metadata; ArcInfo Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2372.","productDescription":"2 maps Sheets: 34 x 50 inches; Readme; Metadata; ArcInfo Files","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2372.png"},{"id":6045,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2372/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110287,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50573.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"50573"}],"scale":"350000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada;California","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,35.0 ], [ -118.0,38.0 ], [ -115.0,38.0 ], [ -115.0,35.0 ], [ -118.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, C. J. 0000-0002-2300-6670","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":89925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":265746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, D. S.","contributorId":61507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickerson, R. P.","contributorId":23968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Killgore, M.L.","contributorId":60316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killgore","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70242862,"text":"70242862 - 2002 - Analysis of long-period events recorded at Mount Etna (Italy) in 1992, and their relationship to eruptive activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-20T15:17:22.189589","indexId":"70242862","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-14T10:11:38","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of long-period events recorded at Mount Etna (Italy) in 1992, and their relationship to eruptive activity","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id15\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id16\"><p>Seismic activity recorded at Mount Etna during 1992 was characterized by long-period (LP) events and tremor with fluctuating amplitudes. These signals were associated with the evolution of the eruptive activity that began on December 14, 1991. Following the occurrence of numerous volcano-tectonic earthquakes at the onset of the eruption, LP events dominated the overall seismicity starting in January, 1992. The LP activity occurred primarily in swarms, which were temporally correlated with episodic collapses of the crater floor in the Northeast Crater. Source depths determined for selected LP events suggest a source region located slightly east of Northeast Crater and extending from the surface to a depth of 2000 m. Based on the characteristic signatures of the time series, four families of LP events are identified. Each family shares common spectral peaks independent of azimuth and distance to the source. These spectral features are used to develop a fluid-filled crack model of the source. We hypothesize that the locus of the LP events represents a segment of the magma feeding system connecting a depressurizing magma body with a dike extending in the SSE direction along the western wall of Valle del Bove, toward the site of the Mount Etna eruption. We surmise that magma withdrawal from the source volume beneath Northeast Crater may have caused repeated collapses of the crater floor. Some collapse events may have produced pressure transients in the subjacent dike which acted as seismic wave sources for LP events.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00299-2","usgsCitation":"Falsaperla, S., Privitera, E., Chouet, B.A., and Dawson, P.B., 2002, Analysis of long-period events recorded at Mount Etna (Italy) in 1992, and their relationship to eruptive activity: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 114, p. 419-440, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00299-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Mount Etna, Sicily","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              14.756568258935886,\n              37.94752101472075\n            ],\n            [\n              14.756568258935886,\n              37.4668040977421\n            ],\n            [\n              15.277388894542014,\n              37.4668040977421\n            ],\n            [\n              15.277388894542014,\n              37.94752101472075\n            ],\n            [\n              14.756568258935886,\n              37.94752101472075\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falsaperla, S.","contributorId":304280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falsaperla","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Privitera, Eugenio","contributorId":272203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Privitera","given":"Eugenio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56370,"text":"Istituto Nazionale de Geofisica e Vulcanologia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70112525,"text":"70112525 - 2002 - Flow and sediment suspension events on the inner shelf of central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T14:40:30","indexId":"70112525","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-12T14:28:09","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and sediment suspension events on the inner shelf of central California","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey conducted a field experiment in the late spring and early summer of 1998 off northern Santa Cruz County, California, to study sediment fluxes along the central California shelf. As part of this study, a bottom-mounted instrument package was deployed in a sediment-filled paleo-stream channel (h=12 m) off a pocket beach to measure waves, currents, suspended-sediment concentration, temperature, salinity, and seabed-level changes. The observations of suspended-sediment concentration revealed intermittent, intense periods of sediment suspension near the bed that were associated with the passage of individual large waves or wave groups. We used an ensemble averaging technique to characterize the temporal structure of near-bed sediment suspension events (SSEs) defined as when the near-bed instantaneous concentration exceeded the mean by three standard deviations. During the 800 h of deployment, over 9500 SSEs occurred. The 3917 SSEs that began under onshore flow were found to have a different temporal structure than the 5650 events that began during offshore flow. The longer mean duration of the onshore flow events caused an average of 83% of the sediment suspended during the course of the events to be carried offshore after the reversal of flow. All of the sediment suspended during the offshore events was carried offshore due to the shorter mean duration of these events. SSEs are shown to contribute 12% on average and up to 95% of the total sediment suspended by mass, demonstrating the importance of these events to sediment transport in this type of environment. Suspended-sediment transport models developed for the shelf, which use the product of the mean current and the mean suspended-sediment concentration, cannot accurately model the magnitude and direction of suspended-sediment transport on this energetic inner shelf due to the lack of information regarding the instantaneous coupling between fluid flow and sediment suspension. We conclude that time-variant models must be used to accurately model suspended-sediment transport in this type of environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00267-5","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., and Jaffe, B.E., 2002, Flow and sediment suspension events on the inner shelf of central California: Marine Geology, v. 181, no. 1-3, p. 195-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00267-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288651,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00267-5"}],"scale":"450000","projection":"Mercator Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Cruz County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,35.5 ], [ -123.5,38.0 ], [ -121.0,38.0 ], [ -121.0,35.5 ], [ -123.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"181","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76cce4b0abf75cf2c020","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159698,"text":"70159698 - 2002 - Artificial intelligence based decision support for trumpeter swan management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-23T19:01:45.380559","indexId":"70159698","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Artificial intelligence based decision support for trumpeter swan management","docAbstract":"<p>The number of trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) breeding in the Tri-State area where Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming come together has declined to just a few hundred pairs. However, these birds are part of the Rocky Mountain Population which additionally has over 3,500 birds breeding in Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, and Yukon Territory. To a large degree, these birds seem to have abandoned traditional migratory pathways in the flyway. Waterfowl managers have been interested in decision support tools that would help them explore simulated management scenarios in their quest towards reaching population recovery and the reestablishment of traditional migratory pathways. I have developed a decision support system to assist biologists with such management, especially related to wetland ecology. Decision support systems use a combination of models, analytical techniques, and information retrieval to help develop and evaluate appropriate alternatives. Swan management is a domain that is ecologically complex, and this complexity is compounded by spatial and temporal issues. As such, swan management is an inherently distributed problem. Therefore, the ecological context for modeling swan movements in response to management actions was built as a multiagent system of interacting intelligent agents that implements a queuing model representing swan migration. These agents accessed ecological knowledge about swans, their habitats, and flyway management principles from three independent expert systems. The agents were autonomous, had some sensory capability, and could respond to changing conditions. A key problem when developing ecological decision support systems is empirically determining that the recommendations provided are valid. Because Rocky Mountain trumpeter swans have been surveyed for a long period of time, I was able to compare simulated distributions provided by the system with actual field observations across 20 areas for the period 1988-2000. Applying the Matched Pairs Multivariate Permutation Test as a statistical tool was a new approach for comparing flyway distributions of waterfowl over time that seemed to work well. Based on this approach, the empirical evidence that I gathered led me to conclude that the base queuing model does accurately simulate swan distributions in the flyway. The system was insensitive to almost all model parameters tested. That remains perplexing, but might result from the base queuing model, itself, being particularly effective at representing the actual ecological diversity in the world of Rocky Mountain trumpeter swans, both spatial and temporally.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado State University","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Sojda, R.S., 2002, Artificial intelligence based decision support for trumpeter swan management, x, 183 p.","productDescription":"x, 183 p.","startPage":"ii","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"193","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/files/norock/products/Sojda_Dis.pdf"},{"id":311470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.92822265625,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.92822265625,\n              45.42158812329091\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7646484375,\n              45.42158812329091\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7646484375,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.92822265625,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf44e4b0112df6c62dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31525,"text":"ofr02020 - 2002 - Aeromagnetic Expression of Buried Basaltic Volcanoes Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:08","indexId":"ofr02020","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-020","title":"Aeromagnetic Expression of Buried Basaltic Volcanoes Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"A high-resolution aeromagnetic survey has defined a number of small dipolar anomalies indicating the presence of magnetic bodies buried beneath the surface of Crater Flat and the Amargosa Desert. Results of potential-field modeling indicate that isolated, small-volume, highly magnetic bodies embedded within the alluvial deposits of both areas produce the anomalies. Their physical characteristics and the fact that they tend to be aligned along major structural trends provide strong support for the hypothesis that the anomalies reflect buried basaltic volcanic centers. Other, similar anomalies are identified as possible targets for further investigation. High-resolution gravity and ground-magnetic surveys, perhaps along with drilling sources of selected anomalies and radiometric age determinations, can provide valuable constraints in estimating potential volcanic hazard to the potential nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr02020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office","usgsCitation":"O’Leary, D.W., Mankinen, E., Blakely, R., Langenheim, V., and Ponce, D., 2002, Aeromagnetic Expression of Buried Basaltic Volcanoes Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-020, iii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02020.","productDescription":"iii, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.416666666666664 ], [ -116.75,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.25,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.25,36.416666666666664 ], [ -116.75,36.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69691b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankinen, E. A. 0000-0001-7496-2681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":31786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31000,"text":"wri024017 - 2002 - Trends in selected streamflow and stream-channel characteristics for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T08:23:39","indexId":"wri024017","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4017","displayTitle":"Trends in Selected Streamflow and Stream-Channel Characteristics for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio","title":"Trends in selected streamflow and stream-channel characteristics for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio","docAbstract":"<p>Monotonic upward trends in annual mean streamflows and annual 7-day low flows were identified statistically for the streamflow-gaging station on the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio. No monotonic trends were identified for the annual peak streamflow series or partial-duration series of peak streamflows augmented with annual peak streamflows that did not exceed a base discharge of 4,000 cubic feet per second.</p><p>A plot of cumulative departure of annual precipitation from the long-term mean annual precipitation for the weather-observation station at Hiram, Ohio, indicates a relatively dry period extending from about 1910 to about 1968, followed by a relatively wet period extending from about 1968 to the late 1990s. A plot of cumulative departure of annual mean streamflow from the mean annual streamflow for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio, closely mimics the shape of the precipitation departure plot, indicating that the annual mean streamflows increased in concert with annual precipitation. These synchronous trends likely explain why upward trends in annual mean streamflows and annual 7-day low flows were observed. A lack of trend in peak streamflows indicates that the intensity and severity of flood-producing storms did not increase appreciably along with the increases in annual precipitation.</p><p>An analysis of point-of-zero-flow data indicates that the low-water control of the Chagrin River streamflow-gaging station tended to aggrade over the period 1930–93; however, the magnitude of aggradation is sufficiently small that its effect on stages of moderate to large floods would be negligible.</p><p>Stage values associated with reference streamflows of 500 and 5,000 cubic feet per second tended to remain fairly stable during the period from about 1950 to 1970 and then decreased slightly during the period from about 1970 to 1980, suggesting that the flood-carrying capacity of the stream increased somewhat during the latter period. Since a large flood on May 26, 1989, significant changes have occurred in the relation between stage and streamflow. The most recent relation indicates that stage values associated with streamflows of 500 and 5,000 cubic feet per second are about 0.5 foot and 0.1 foot higher, respectively, than the pre-1989 levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Willoughby, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., and Kunze, A.E., 2002, Trends in selected streamflow and stream-channel characteristics for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4017, 14 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024017.","productDescription":"14 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4017/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2987,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4017/wri20024017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"960 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4017"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_oh@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_oh@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Ohio Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6460 Busch Blvd. <br>Columbus, OH 43229</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Streamflow Data</li><li>Trends in Streamflow and Stream-Channel Characteristics</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e484fe4b07f02db4fd77e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunze, Allison E. aekunze@usgs.gov","contributorId":2011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunze","given":"Allison","email":"aekunze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179843,"text":"70179843 - 2002 - Use of natural <sup>35</sup>S to trace sulphate cycling in small lakes, Flattops Wilderness Area, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:16:55","indexId":"70179843","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3729,"text":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus","onlineIssn":"1573-2940","printIssn":"1567-7230","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of natural <sup>35</sup>S to trace sulphate cycling in small lakes, Flattops Wilderness Area, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Measurements of the cosmogenically-produced </span><sup>35</sup><span>S, a radioisotope of sulphur (t</span><sub>1/2</sub><span> = 87 days), are reported for the Ned Wilson Lake watershed in Colorado. The watershed contains two small lakes and a flowing spring presumed to be representative of local ground water. The watershed is located in the Flattops Wilderness Area and the waters in the system have low alkalinity, making them sensitive to increases in acid and sulphate deposition. Time series of </span><sup>35</sup><span>S measurements were made during the summers of 1995 and 1996 (July–September) at all three sites. The system is dominated by melting snow and an initial concentration of 16–20 mBq L</span><sup>-1</sup><span>was estimated for snowmelt based on a series of snow samples collected in the Rocky Mountains. The two lakes had large initial </span><sup>35</sup><span>S concentrations in July, indicating that a large fraction of the lake water and sulphate was introduced by meltwater from that year's snowpack. In 1995 and 1996, </span><sup>35</sup><span>S concentrations decreased more rapidly than could be accounted for by decay, indicating that other processes were affecting </span><sup>35</sup><span>S concentrations. The most likely explanation is that exchange with sediments or the biota was removing </span><sup>35</sup><span>S from the lake and replacing it with older sulphate devoid of </span><sup>35</sup><span>S. In September of 1995 and 1996, </span><sup>35</sup><span>S concentrations increased, suggesting that atmospheric deposition is important in the sulphate flux of these lakes in late summer. Sulphur-35 concentrations in the spring water were highly variable but never higher than 3.6 mBq L</span><sup>-1</sup><span> and averaged 2 mBq L</span><sup>-1</sup><span>. Using a simple mixing model, it was estimated that 75% of the spring water was derived from precipitation of previous years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1020177802927","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., Turk, J.T., Campbell, D.H., and Mast, M.A., 2002, Use of natural <sup>35</sup>S to trace sulphate cycling in small lakes, Flattops Wilderness Area, Colorado, U.S.A.: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus, v. 2, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020177802927.","productDescription":"14 p.","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d9ae4b01dfadfff15b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30988,"text":"wri014215 - 2002 - Estimates of ground-water recharge, base flow, and stream reach gains and losses in the Willamette River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T14:07:53","indexId":"wri014215","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4215","title":"Estimates of ground-water recharge, base flow, and stream reach gains and losses in the Willamette River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Precipitation-runoff models, base-flow-separation techniques, and stream gain-loss measurements were used to study recharge and ground-water surface-water interaction as part of a study of the ground-water resources of the Willamette River Basin. The study was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the State of Oregon Water Resources Department. Precipitation-runoff models were used to estimate the water budget of 216 subbasins in the Willamette River Basin. The models were also used to compute long-term average recharge and base flow. Recharge and base-flow estimates will be used as input to a regional ground-water flow model, within the same study. Recharge and base-flow estimates were made using daily streamflow records. Recharge estimates were made at 16 streamflow-gaging-station locations and were compared to recharge estimates from the precipitation-runoff models. Base-flow separation methods were used to identify the base-flow component of streamflow at 52 currently operated and discontinued streamflow-gaging-station locations. Stream gain-loss measurements were made on the Middle Fork Willamette, Willamette, South Yamhill, Pudding, and South Santiam Rivers, and were used to identify and quantify gaining and losing stream reaches both spatially and temporally. These measurements provide further understanding of ground-water/surface-water interactions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Lee, K.K., and Risley, J.C., 2002, Estimates of ground-water recharge, base flow, and stream reach gains and\nlosses in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations\nReport 01–4215, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p., 1 over-size sheet ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2981,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4215/wri01-4215.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_or@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Oregon Water Science Center<br />U.S. Geological Survey<br />2130 SW 5th Avenue<br />Portland, Oregon 97201<br /><a href=\"http://or.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\">http://or.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Methods</li>\n<li>Results</li>\n<li>Summary and Conclusions</li>\n<li>Selected References</li>\n<li>Appendixes</li>\n</ul>","publishedDate":"2002-03-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Karl K.","contributorId":41050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30986,"text":"wri20014200 - 2002 - Numerical simulation of ground-water withdrawals in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T18:25:25.082239","indexId":"wri20014200","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4200","title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water withdrawals in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Numerical simulations indicate that ground-water withdrawals from the Hanamaulu and Puhi areas of the southern Lihue Basin will result in a decline in water levels and reductions in base flows of streams near proposed new water-supply wells. Most of the changes will be attained within 10 to 20 years of the start of pumping. Except for areas such as Puhi and Kilohana, the freshwater lens in most inland areas of the southern Lihue Basin is thick and model simulations indicate that changes in water level and the position of the freshwater- saltwater interface in response to pumping will be small relative to the present thickness of the freshwater lens. Effects of the proposed withdrawals on streamflow depend on withdrawal rate and proximity of the wells to streams. Placing pumped wells away from streams with low base flow and toward streams with high base flow can reduce the relative effect on individual streams. Simulation of the 0.42-million-gallon-per-day increase in withdrawal projected for 2000 indicates that the resulting changes in water levels and interface position, relative to conditions prior to the withdrawal increase, will be small, and that stream base flow will be reduced by less than 10 percent. Simulation of the 0.83-million-gallon-per-day withdrawal projected for 2010 indicates further thinning of the freshwater lens in the Puhi area, where the lens already may be thin, as well as base-flow reduction in Nawiliwili Stream. Simulation of an alternative distribution of the 0.83-million-gallon-per-day withdrawal indicates that the effects can be reduced by shifting most of the new withdrawal to the Hanamaulu area where the freshwater lens is thicker and stream base flows are greater. Simulation of the 1.16-million-gallon-per-day increase in withdrawal projected for 2020 indicates that if withdrawal is distributed only among Hana-maulu wells 1, 3, and 4, and Puhi well 5A, further thinning of the already-thin freshwater lens in the Puhi area would occur. Such a distribution would also exceed the maximum draft recommended by the water-systems standards used in Hawaii. Another simulation in which part of the 1.16 million gallons per day was distributed among three additional hypothetical wells in the Hanamaulu area showed that the pumping effects could be shifted from the Puhi area to the Hanamaulu area, where the freshwater lens is thicker, but that base flow in Hanamaulu Stream may decrease by as much as 16 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Kauai Department of Water","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., and Oki, D.S., 2002, Numerical simulation of ground-water withdrawals in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4200, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014200.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014200","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463369,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46637.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kauai, southern Lihue Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159.5152701492994,\n              22.134582977686122\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.5152701492994,\n              21.888822039815537\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.29927589293317,\n              21.888822039815537\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.29927589293317,\n              22.134582977686122\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.5152701492994,\n              22.134582977686122\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db5465d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31529,"text":"ofr0252 - 2002 - Simulating solute transport across horizontal-flow barriers using the MODFLOW ground-water transport process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:21:17","indexId":"ofr0252","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-52","displayTitle":"Simulating Solute Transport Across Horizontal-Flow Barriers Using the MODFLOW Ground-Water Transport Process","title":"Simulating solute transport across horizontal-flow barriers using the MODFLOW ground-water transport process","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0252","usgsCitation":"Hornberger, G., Konikow, L.F., and Harte, P., 2002, Simulating solute transport across horizontal-flow barriers using the MODFLOW ground-water transport process: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-52, 28 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0252.","productDescription":"28 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59798,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f312c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31524,"text":"ofr0219 - 2002 - CMGTooL user's manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T11:07:38","indexId":"ofr0219","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-19","title":"CMGTooL user's manual","docAbstract":"<p>During the past several years, the sediment transport group in the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) of the U. S. Geological Survey has made major revisions to its methodology of processing, analyzing, and maintaining the variety of oceanographic time-series data. First, CMGP completed the transition of the its oceanographic time-series database to a self-documenting NetCDF (Rew et al., 1997) data format. Second, CMGP’s oceanographic data variety and complexity have been greatly expanded from traditional 2-dimensional, single-point time-series measurements (e.g., Electro-magnetic current meters, transmissometers) to more advanced 3-dimensional and profiling time-series measurements due to many new acquisitions of modern instruments such as Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (RDI, 1996), Acoustic Doppler Velocitimeter, Pulse-Coherence Acoustic Doppler Profiler (SonTek, 2001), Acoustic Bacscatter Sensor (Aquatec, 1001001001001001001). In order to accommodate the NetCDF format of data from the new instruments, a software package of processing, analyzing, and visualizing time-series oceanographic data was developed. It is named CMGTooL.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The CMGTooL package contains two basic components: a user-friendly GUI for NetCDF file analysis, processing and manipulation; and a data analyzing program library. Most of the routines in the library are stand-alone programs suitable for batch processing.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>CMGTooL is written in MATLAB computing language (The Mathworks, 1997), therefore users must have MATLAB installed on their computer in order to use this software package. In addition, MATLAB’s Signal Processing Toolbox is also required by some CMGTooL’s routines. Like most MATLAB programs, all CMGTooL codes are compatible with different computing platforms including PC, MAC, and UNIX machines (Note: CMGTooL has been tested on different platforms that run MATLAB 5.2 (Release 10) or lower versions. Some of the commands related to MAC may not be compatible with later releases of MATLAB).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The GUI and some of the library routines call low-level NetCDF file I/O, variable and attribute functions. These NetCDF exclusive functions are supported by a MATLAB toolbox named NetCDF, created by Dr. Charles Denham . This toolbox has to be installed in order to use the CMGTooL GUI.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The CMGTooL GUI calls several routines that were initially developed by others. The authors would like to acknowledge the following scientists for their ideas and codes: Dr. Rich Signell (USGS), Dr. Chris Sherwood (USGS), and Dr. Bob Beardsley (WHOI).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Many special terms that carry special meanings in either MATLAB or the NetCDF Toolbox are used in this manual. Users are encouraged to read the documents of MATLAB and NetCDF for references.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0219","usgsCitation":"Xu, J., Lightsom, F., Noble, M.A., and Denham, C., 2002, CMGTooL user's manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-19, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0219.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2715,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0219.GIF"},{"id":283210,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0019/overview.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lightsom, Fran","contributorId":41053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Fran","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denham, Charles","contributorId":36600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denham","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30996,"text":"wri014271 - 2002 - Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of the 4-day annual low flow and regression equations for estimating the 4-day, 3-year low-flow frequency at ungaged sites on unregulated streams in New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-08T09:32:05","indexId":"wri014271","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4271","displayTitle":"Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of the 4-Day Annual Low Flow and Regression Equations for estimating the 4-Day, 3-Year Low-Flow Frequency at Ungaged Sites on Unregulated Streams in New Mexico","title":"Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of the 4-day annual low flow and regression equations for estimating the 4-day, 3-year low-flow frequency at ungaged sites on unregulated streams in New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Two regression equations were developed for estimating the 4-day, 3-year (4Q3) low-flow frequency at ungaged sites on unregulated streams in New Mexico. The first, a statewide equation for estimating the 4Q3 low-flow frequency from drainage area and average basin mean winter precipitation, was developed from the data for 50 streamflow-gaging stations that had non-zero 4Q3 low-flow frequency. The 4Q3 low-flow frequency for the 50 gaging stations ranged from 0.08 to 18.7 cubic feet per second. For this statewide equation, the average standard error of estimate was 126 percent and the coefficient of determination was 0.48. The second, an equation for estimating the 4Q3 low-flowfrequency in mountainous regions from drainage area, average basin mean winter precipitation, and average basin slope, was developed from the data for 40 gaging stations located above 7,500 feet in elevation. For this regression equation, the average standard error of estimate was 94 percent and the coefficient of determination was 0.66.</p><p>A U.S. Geological Survey computer-program interface for a geographical information system (GIS), called the GISWeasel,was used to determine basin and climatic characteristics for 84 gaging stations that were not affected by regulation. Mean monthly precipitation estimates from 1961 to 1990 were used in the GIS Weasel to compute the climatic characteristics of average basin winter precipitation and annual mean precipitation. The U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, which currently consists of the 7.5-minute, 30-meter digital elevation model for each State, was used in the GISWeasel to compute the basin characteristics of drainage area, average basin slope, average basin elevation, and average basin aspect. Basin and climatic characteristics that were statistically significant in the regression equation with the 4Q3 lowflow frequency were drainage area, which ranged from 1.62 to 5,900 square miles; average basin mean winter precipitation, which ranged from 3.89 to 19.42 inches; and average basin slope, which ranged from 0.166 to 0.517 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014271","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S.D., 2002, Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of the 4-day annual low flow and regression equations for estimating the 4-day, 3-year low-flow frequency at ungaged sites on unregulated streams in New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4271, iv, 22 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014271.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. ","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2986,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4271/wrir014271.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2001–4271"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:%20dc_nm@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20dc_nm@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nm-water\">New Mexico Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6700 Edith Blvd NE<br><span class=\"locality\">Albuquerque</span>,&nbsp;<span class=\"state\">NM</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"postal-code\">87113</span></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Low-Flow Frequency Characteristics</li><li>Development of Regression Equations to Estimate 4-Day, 3-Year Low Flow at Ungaged Sites</li><li>Summary</li><li>Selected References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db67ffa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waltemeyer, Scott D.","contributorId":101709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltemeyer","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70161968,"text":"70161968 - 2002 - Population dynamics and mutualism: Functional responses of benefits and costs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T11:58:10","indexId":"70161968","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics and mutualism: Functional responses of benefits and costs","docAbstract":"<p><span>We develop an approach for studying population dynamics resulting from mutualism by employing functional responses based on density‐dependent benefits and costs. These functional responses express how the population growth rate of a mutualist is modified by the density of its partner. We present several possible dependencies of gross benefits and costs, and hence net effects, to a mutualist as functions of the density of its partner. Net effects to mutualists are likely a monotonically saturating or unimodal function of the density of their partner. We show that fundamental differences in the growth, limitation, and dynamics of a population can occur when net effects to that population change linearly, unimodally, or in a saturating fashion. We use the mutualism between senita cactus and its pollinating seed‐eating moth as an example to show the influence of different benefit and cost functional responses on population dynamics and stability of mutualisms. We investigated two mechanisms that may alter this mutualism's functional responses: distribution of eggs among flowers and fruit abortion. Differences in how benefits and costs vary with density can alter the stability of this mutualism. In particular, fruit abortion may allow for a stable equilibrium where none could otherwise exist.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/338510","usgsCitation":"Holland, J.N., DeAngelis, D., and Bronstein, J.L., 2002, Population dynamics and mutualism: Functional responses of benefits and costs: American Naturalist, v. 159, no. 3, p. 231-244, https://doi.org/10.1086/338510.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"244","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e04ce4b039675d005e4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, J. Nathaniel","contributorId":49912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bronstein, Judith L.","contributorId":66084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronstein","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161973,"text":"70161973 - 2002 - Exploring the effect of drought extent and interval on the Florida snail kite: Interplay between spatial and temporal scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T12:40:06","indexId":"70161973","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring the effect of drought extent and interval on the Florida snail kite: Interplay between spatial and temporal scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>The paper aims at exploring the viability of the Florida snail kite population under various drought regimes in its wetland habitat. The population dynamics of snail kites are strongly linked with the hydrology of the system due to the dependence of this bird species on one exclusive prey species, the apple snail, which is negatively affected by a drying out of habitat. Based on empirical evidence, it has been hypothesised that the viability of the snail kite population critically depends not only on the time interval between droughts, but also on the spatial extent of these droughts. A system wide drought is likely to result in reduced reproduction and increased mortality, whereas the birds can respond to local droughts by moving to sites where conditions are still favourable. This paper explores the implications of this hypothesis by means of a spatially-explicit individual-based model. The specific aim of the model is to study in a factorial design the dynamics of the kite population in relation to two scale parameters, the temporal interval between droughts and the spatial correlation between droughts. In the model high drought frequencies led to reduced numbers of kites. Also, habitat degradation due to prolonged periods of inundation led to lower predicted numbers of kites. Another main result was that when the spatial correlation between droughts was low, the model showed little variability in the predicted numbers of kites. But when droughts occurred mostly on a system wide level, environmental stochasticity strongly increased the stochasticity in kite numbers and in the worst case the viability of the kite population was seriously threatened.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00512-9","usgsCitation":"Mooij, W.M., Bennetts, R.E., Kitchens, W.M., and DeAngelis, D., 2002, Exploring the effect of drought extent and interval on the Florida snail kite: Interplay between spatial and temporal scales: Ecological Modelling, v. 149, no. 1-2, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00512-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"149","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e043e4b039675d005e1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooij, Wolf M.","contributorId":94169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooij","given":"Wolf","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennetts, Robert E.","contributorId":62508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":588236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30993,"text":"wri014259 - 2002 - Three-dimensional measurements of flow in uncased wells completed in basalt, Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, March 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-04T13:17:29","indexId":"wri014259","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4259","title":"Three-dimensional measurements of flow in uncased wells completed in basalt, Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, March 2000","docAbstract":"Several ground-water monitoring wells on the\nMountain Home Air Force Base in southwestern Idaho\nwere constructed in February 2000 to replace existing\nmonitoring wells that became ineffective as a result of\ndeclining water levels. Upon completion of the replacement\nwells, borehole geophysical logs were collected,\nincluding natural gamma radiation, electromagnetic\ninduction, caliper, fluid temperature, and resistivity.\nA prototype borehole acoustic doppler velocimeter\n(B-ADV) was used to make experimental three-dimensional\nmeasurements of lateral and vertical flow in two\nof the replacement wells, MW11–2 and MW3–2, each\n450 feet deep, to better understand ground-water flow\nin the basalt underlying this area.\nMeasurements indicated two independent flow\nzones in each well: unit B, from about 380 to about\n415 feet below land surface, and unit C, from about\n415 to about 430 feet below land surface. In each well,\ndirection of flow in unit B was north-northwest toward\nCanyon Creek and, in unit C, south-southwest toward\nthe Snake River. Measurements also indicated downward\nintraborehole flow in both wells. Unit B appeared\nto represent a local-scale flow regime; unit C appeared\nto represent a regional flow regime.\nThis information suggests the existence of a\ncomplex three-dimensional hydrogeologic setting that\ncannot be discriminated easily on conventional waterlevel\nmaps. Although data from only two wells are\ninsufficient to construct a conceptual model of the\nground-water flow regime, these experimental results\ndemonstrate the capability of the B-ADV to obtain\ndetailed flow measurements that, combined with data\nfrom other types of geophysical logs, discrete measurements\nof hydraulic head, and water chemistry,\nwould aid in future studies and management of the\nground-water resources, including contaminant transport\nand remediation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Air Force","usgsCitation":"Newhouse, M., and Hanson, R.T., 2002, Three-dimensional measurements of flow in uncased wells completed in basalt, Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, March 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4259, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014259.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262348,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4259/report.pdf"},{"id":262349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4259/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Elmore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.099849,42.911522 ], [ -116.099849,43.200762 ], [ -115.500096,43.200762 ], [ -115.500096,42.911522 ], [ -116.099849,42.911522 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newhouse, M.W.","contributorId":65892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhouse","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159760,"text":"70159760 - 2002 - Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T09:49:58","indexId":"70159760","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined phylogeographic relationships of moose (</span><i>Alces alces</i><span>) worldwide to test the proposed existence of two geographic races and to infer the timing and extent of demographic processes underpinning the expansion of this species across the Northern Hemisphere in the late Pleistocene. Sequence variation within the left hypervariable domain of the control region occurred at low or moderate levels worldwide and was structured geographically. Partitioning of genetic variance among regions indicated that isolation by distance was the primary agent for differentiation of moose populations but does not support the existence of distinct eastern and western races. Levels of genetic variation and structure of phylogenetic trees identify Asia as the origin of all extant mitochondrial lineages. A recent coalescence is indicated, with the most recent common ancestor dating to the last ice age. Moose have undergone two episodes of population expansion, likely corresponding to the final interstade of the most recent ice age and the onset of the current interglacial. Timing of expansion for the population in the Yakutia&ndash;Manchuria region of eastern Asia indicates that it is one of the oldest populations of moose and may represent the source of founders of extant populations in North America, which were colonized within the last 15,000 years. Our data suggest an extended period of low population size or a severe bottleneck prior to the divergence and expansion of extant lineages and a recent, less-severe bottleneck among European lineages. Climate change during the last ice age, acting through contraction and expansion of moose habitat and the flooding of the Bering land bridge, undoubtedly was a key factor influencing the divergence and expansion of moose populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1006/mpev.2001.1058","usgsCitation":"Hundertmark, K.J., Shields, G.F., Udina, I.G., Bowyer, R., Danilkin, A.A., and Schwartz, C.C., 2002, Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 22, no. 3, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.1058.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, China, Finland, Russia, Sweden, United States","state":"Alaska, 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Kris J.","contributorId":150026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hundertmark","given":"Kris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shields, Gerald F.","contributorId":149916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Udina, Irina G.","contributorId":150027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Udina","given":"Irina","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowyer, R. Terry","contributorId":9533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowyer","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Danilkin, Alexei A.","contributorId":150028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danilkin","given":"Alexei","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":30984,"text":"wri014047 - 2002 - Ecological effects on streams from forest fertilization: Literature review and conceptual framework for future study in the western Cascades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T21:06:29.437021","indexId":"wri014047","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4047","title":"Ecological effects on streams from forest fertilization: Literature review and conceptual framework for future study in the western Cascades","docAbstract":"<p>Fertilization of forests with urea-nitrogen has been studied numerous times for its effects on water quality. Stream nitrogen concentrations following fertilization are typically elevated during winter, including peaks in the tens-of-thousands of parts per billion range, with summer concentrations often returning to background or near-background levels. Despite these increases, water-quality criteria for nitrogen have rarely been exceeded. However, such criteria are targeted at fish toxicity or human health and are not relevant to concentrations that could cause ecological disturbances.</p>\n<p>Studies of the responses of stream biota to fertilization have been rare and have targeted either immediate, toxicity-based responses or used methods insensitive to ongoing ecological processes. This report reviews water-quality studies following forest fertilizations, emphasizing Cascade streams in the Pacific Northwest and documented biological responses in those streams. A conceptual model predicting potential ecological response to fertilization, which includes effects on algal growth and primary production, is presented. In this model, applied fertilizer nitrogen reaching streams is mostly exported during winter. However, some nitrogen retained in soils or stream and riparian areas may become available to aquatic biota during spring and summer. Biological responses may be minimal in small streams nearest to application because of light limitation, but may be elevated downstream where light is sufficient to allow algal growth. Ultimately, algal response could be greatest in downstream reaches, although ambient nutrient concentrations remain low due to uptake and benthic nutrient recycling. Ground-water flow paths and hyporheic processing could be critical in determining the fate of applied nitrogen. A framework is provided for testing this response in the Little River watershed, a tributary to the North Umpqua River, Oregon, at basic and intensive levels of investigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C.W., 2002, Ecological effects on streams from forest fertilization: Literature review and conceptual framework for future study in the western Cascades: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4047, 49 p.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430243,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49807.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2977,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4047/wri01-4047.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"},{"id":159990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Western Cascades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.1,\n              43.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1,\n              43.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.666,\n              43.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.666,\n              43.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1,\n              43.3\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_or@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Oregon Water Science Center<br />U.S. Geological Survey<br />2130 SW 5th Avenue<br />Portland, Oregon 97201<br /><a href=\"http://or.water.usgs.gov\">http://or.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Literature Review</li>\n<li>Little River Watershed</li>\n<li>Framework for Fertilization Study in Wolf Creek and Little River Watershed</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2002-03-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":139268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":204521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006623,"text":"70006623 - 2002 - Protocol for determining bull trout presence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T09:03:06","indexId":"70006623","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T08:59:40","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Protocol for determining bull trout presence","docAbstract":"<p> \nThe Western Division of the American Fisheries Society was requested to develop protocols for \ndetermining presence/absence and potential habitat suitability for bull trout. The general \napproach adopted is similar to the process for the marbled murrelet, whereby interim guidelines \nare initially used, and the protocols are subsequently refined as data are collected. Current data \nwere considered inadequate to precisely identify suitable habitat but could be useful in stratifying \nsampling units for presence/absence surveys. The presence/absence protocol builds on previous \napproaches (Hillman and Platts 1993; Bonar et al. 1997), except it uses the variation in observed \nbull trout densities instead of a minimum threshold density and adjusts for measured differences \nin sampling efficiency due to gear types and habitat characteristics. The protocol consists of: 1. \nrecommended sample sizes with 80% and 95% detection probabilities for juvenile and resident \nadult bull trout for day and night snorkeling and electrofishing adjusted for varying habitat \ncharacteristics for 50m and 100m sampling units, 2. sampling design considerations, including \npossible habitat characteristics for stratification, 3. habitat variables to be measured in the \nsampling units, and 3. guidelines for training sampling crews. Criteria for habitat strata consist \nof coarse, watershed-scale characteristics (e.g., mean annual air temperature) and fine-scale, \nreach and habitat-specific features (e.g., water temperature, channel width). The protocols will be \nrevised in the future using data from ongoing presence/absence surveys, additional research on \nsampling efficiencies, and development of models of habitat/species occurrence.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Division of American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., Dunham, J., Howell, P., Thurow, R., and Bonar, S., 2002, Protocol for determining bull trout presence, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p.","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d86be4b07c5f79a7f34e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James","contributorId":65851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, Philip","contributorId":64572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurow, Russell","contributorId":83031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurow","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonar, Scott","contributorId":76231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70199702,"text":"70199702 - 2002 - U.S. drinking water challenges in the twenty-first century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T13:47:07","indexId":"70199702","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T08:29:43","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. drinking water challenges in the twenty-first century","docAbstract":"<p><span>The access of almost all 270 million U.S. residents to reliable, safe drinking water distinguishes the United States in the twentieth century from that of the nineteenth century. The United States is a relatively water-abundant country with moderate population growth; nonetheless, current trends are sufficient to strain water resources over time, especially on a regional basis. We have examined the areas of public water infrastructure, global climate effects, waterborne disease (including emerging and resurging pathogens), land use, groundwater, surface water, and the U.S. regulatory history and its horizon. These issues are integrally interrelated and cross all levels of public and private jurisdictions. We conclude that U.S. public drinking water supplies will face challenges in these areas in the next century and that solutions to at least some of them will require institutional changes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.02110s143","usgsCitation":"Levin, R.B., Epstein, P.R., Ford, T.E., Harrington, W., Olson, E.R., and Reichard, E.G., 2002, U.S. drinking water challenges in the twenty-first century: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 110, no. Suppl 1, p. 43-52, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110s143.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110s143","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"110","issue":"Suppl 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10f1a8e4b034bf6a805f0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levin, Ronnie B.","contributorId":208256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levin","given":"Ronnie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epstein, Paul R.","contributorId":208257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epstein","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, Tim E.","contributorId":208258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrington, Winston","contributorId":208186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrington","given":"Winston","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olson, Erik R.","contributorId":152553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reichard, Eric G. 0000-0002-7310-3866 egreich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":1207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"Eric","email":"egreich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":746268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70161965,"text":"70161965 - 2002 - Structural instability, multiple stable states, and hysteresis in periphyton driven by phosphorus enrichment in the Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T11:53:31","indexId":"70161965","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural instability, multiple stable states, and hysteresis in periphyton driven by phosphorus enrichment in the Everglades","docAbstract":"<p><span>Periphyton is a key component of the Everglades ecosystems. It is a major primary producer, providing food and habitat for a variety of organisms, contributing material to the surface soil, and regulating water chemistry. Periphyton is sensitive to the phosphorus (P) supply and P enrichment has caused dramatic changes in the native Everglades periphyton assemblages. Periphyton also affects P availability by removing P from the water column and depositing a refractory portion into sediment. A quantitative understanding of the response of periphyton assemblages to P supply and its effects on P cycling could provide critical supports to decision making in the conservation and restoration of the Everglades. We constructed a model to examine the interaction between periphyton and P dynamics. The model contains two differential equations: P uptake and periphyton growth are assumed to follow the Monod equation and are limited by a modified logistic equation. Equilibrium and stability analyses suggest that P loading is the driving force and determines the system behavior. The position and number of steady states and the stability also depend upon the rate of sloughing, through which periphyton deposits refractory P into sediment. Multiple equilibria may exist, with two stable equilibria separated by an unstable equilibrium. Due to nonlinear interplay of periphyton and P in this model, catastrophe and hysteresis are likely to occur.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/tpbi.2001.1554","usgsCitation":"Dong, Q., McCormick, P.V., Sklar, F.H., and DeAngelis, D., 2002, Structural instability, multiple stable states, and hysteresis in periphyton driven by phosphorus enrichment in the Everglades: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.2001.1554.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Everglades","volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e052e4b039675d005e76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, Quan 0000-0003-0571-5884 qdong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-5884","contributorId":4506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Quan","email":"qdong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Paul V.","contributorId":92756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sklar, Fred H.","contributorId":23327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sklar","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":61469,"text":"mf2361 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Eagle Quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T08:45:01","indexId":"mf2361","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2361","title":"Geologic map of the Eagle Quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Eagle quadrangle covers an area that straddles the Eagle River and Interstate 70 (I-70) and it includes the town of Eagle, Colo., which is located in the southwestern part of the quadrangle, just south of I-70 and the Eagle River, about 37 km west of Vail, Colo.  The map area is part of the I-70 urban corridor, which is experiencing rapid and escalating urban growth.  Geologic mapping along this corridor is needed for ongoing land-use planning.  A variety of rocks and deposits characterize the map area and areas nearby.  Sedimentary rocks present in the map area range in age from Pennsylvanian rocks, which were deposited in the ancestral Eagle basin during the formation of the ancestral Rocky Mountains, to Late Cretaceous rocks that were deposited just prior to the formation of the present Rocky Mountains.  The Pennsylvanian rocks in the map area include a thick sequence of evaporitic rocks (Eagle Valley Evaporite).  These evaporitic rocks are commonly complexly folded throughout the southern part of the quadrangle where they are exposed.  In general, in the central and northern parts of the quadrangle, the sedimentary rocks overlying the evaporite dip gently to moderately northward.  Consequently, the youngest sedimentary rocks (Late Cretaceous rocks) are exposed dipping gently to the north in the northern part of the quadrangle; landslide complexes are widespread along the northerly dipping, dip slopes in shaly rocks of the Cretaceous sequence in the northeastern part of the map area.  During the Early Miocene, basaltic volcanism formed extensive basaltic flows that mantled the previously deformed and eroded sedimentary rocks.  Erosional remnants of the basaltic flows are preserved in the southeastern, west-central, and north-central parts of the map area.  Some of these basaltic flows are faulted and downdropped in a manner that suggests they were downdropped in areas where large volumes of the underlying evaporitic rocks were removed from the subsurface, beneath the basaltic rocks, by dissolution or flowage of the evaporite in the subsurface.  Quaternary and late Tertiary(?) surficial deposits in the map area consist mainly of Quaternary alluvium and colluvium, late and middle Pleistocene terrace gravels of the Eagle River, Miocene(?) gravel remnants of the ancestral Eagle River and its tributaries, and Pleistocene to recent mass movement deposits that include landslides and debris flows.  Potential geologic hazards in the map area include landslides, debris flows, rockfalls, local flooding, ground subsidence, and expansive and corrosive soils.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2361","usgsCitation":"Lidke, D., 2002, Geologic map of the Eagle Quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2361, Sheet 38 by 32 inches ( in color). (Accompanied by 18 page text.), https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2361.","productDescription":"Sheet 38 by 32 inches ( in color). (Accompanied by 18 page text.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6039,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2361/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110285,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49794.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"49794"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.86749999999999,39.6175 ], [ -106.86749999999999,39.75 ], [ -106.75,39.75 ], [ -106.75,39.6175 ], [ -106.86749999999999,39.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31444,"text":"ofr0239 - 2002 - Resistivity structure across the Humboldt River basin, north-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T21:03:42.081914","indexId":"ofr0239","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-39","title":"Resistivity structure across the Humboldt River basin, north-central Nevada","docAbstract":"Magnetotelluric data collected along five profiles show deep\r\nresistivity structures beneath the Battle Mountain-Eureka and\r\nCarlin gold trends in north-central Nevada, which appear\r\nconsistent with tectonic breaks in the crust that possibly served\r\nas channels for hydrothermal fluids. It seems likely that gold\r\ndeposits along these linear trends were, therefore, controlled by\r\ndeep regional crustal fault systems.\r\nTwo-dimensional resistivity modeling of the magnetotelluric\r\ndata generally show resistive (30 to 1,000 ohm-m) crustal blocks\r\nbroken by sub-vertical, two-dimensional, conductive (1 to 10 ohmm)\r\nzones that are indicative of large-scale crustal fault zones.\r\nThese inferred fault zones are regional in scale, trend\r\nnortheast-southwest, north-south, and northwest-southeast, and\r\nextend to mid-crustal (20 km) depths. The conductors are about\r\n2- to 15-km wide, extend from about 1 to 4 km below the surface\r\nto about 20 km depth, and show two-dimensional electrical\r\nstructure. By connecting the locations of similar trending\r\nconductors together, individual regional crustal fault zones\r\nwithin the upper crust can be inferred that range from about 4-\r\nto 10-km wide and about 30- to 150-km long. One of these crustal\r\nfault zones coincides with the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral\r\ntrend. The interpreted electrical property sections also show\r\nregional changes in the resistive crust from south to north.\r\nMost of the subsurface in the upper 20 km beneath Reese River\r\nValley and southern Boulder Valley are underlain by rock that is\r\ngenerally more conductive than the subsurface beneath Kelly Creek\r\nBasin and northern Boulder Valley. This suggests that either\r\nelevated-temperature or high-salinity fluids, alteration, or\r\ncarbonaceous rocks are more pervasive in the more conductive area\r\n(Battle Mountain Heat-Flow High), which implies that the crust\r\nbeneath these valleys is either more fractured or has more\r\ncarbonaceous rocks than in the area surveyed along the 41st\r\nparallel.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr0239","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., and Williams, J.M., 2002, Resistivity structure across the Humboldt River basin, north-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-39, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0239.","productDescription":"114 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391188,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46505.htm"},{"id":59784,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2591,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr0239","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0039/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.25,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.25,\n              41.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              41.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              39.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":61471,"text":"mf2369 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Vail West quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:30","indexId":"mf2369","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2369","title":"Geologic map of the Vail West quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado","docAbstract":"      This new 1:24,000-scale geologic map of the Vail West 7.5' quadrangle, as part of the USGS Western Colorado I-70 Corridor Cooperative Geologic Mapping Project, provides new interpretations of the stratigraphy, structure, and geologic hazards in the area on the southwest flank of the Gore Range.\r\n      Bedrock strata include Miocene tuffaceous sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic and upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, and undivided Early(?) Proterozoic metasedimentary and igneous rocks.  Tuffaceous rocks are found in fault-tilted blocks.  Only small outliers of the Dakota Sandstone, Morrison Formation, Entrada Sandstone, and Chinle Formation exist above the redbeds of the Permian-Pennsylvanian Maroon Formation and Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, which were derived during erosion of the Ancestral Front Range east of the Gore fault zone.  In the southwestern area of the map, the proximal Minturn facies change to distal Eagle Valley Formation and the Eagle Valley Evaporite basin facies.  The Jacque Mountain Limestone Member, previously defined as the top of the Minturn Formation, cannot be traced to the facies change to the southwest.  Abundant surficial deposits include Pinedale and Bull Lake Tills, periglacial deposits, earth-flow deposits, common diamicton deposits, common Quaternary landslide deposits, and an extensive, possibly late Pliocene landslide deposit.  Landscaping has so extensively modified the land surface in the town of Vail that a modified land-surface unit was created to represent the surface unit.\r\n      Laramide movement renewed activity along the Gore fault zone, producing a series of northwest-trending open anticlines and synclines in Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata, parallel to the trend of the fault zone.  Tertiary down-to-the-northeast normal faults are evident and are parallel to similar faults in both the Gore Range and the Blue River valley to the northeast; presumably these are related to extensional deformation that occurred during formation of the northern end of the Rio Grande rift system in Colorado.\r\n      In the southwestern part of the map area, a diapiric(?) exposure of the Eagle Valley Evaporite exists and chaotic faults and folds suggest extensive dissolution and collapse of overlying bedrock, indicating the presence of a geologic hazard.  Quaternary landslides are common and indicate that landslide hazards are widespread in the area, particularly where old slide deposits are disturbed by construction.  The late Pliocene(?) landslide that consists largely of a smectitic upper Morrison Formation matrix and boulders of Dakota Sandstone is readily reactivated.  Debris flows are likely to invade low-standing areas within the towns of Vail and West Vail where tributaries of Gore Creek issue from the mountains on the north side of the valley.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2369","usgsCitation":"Scott, R.B., Lidke, D.J., and Grunwald, D.J., 2002, Geologic map of the Vail West quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2369, 18 p.; 1 map sheet 34 1/2 x 35 1/2 in. (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2369.","productDescription":"18 p.; 1 map sheet 34 1/2 x 35 1/2 in. (col.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110283,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49790.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"49790"},{"id":182886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6041,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2369/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.5,39.6175 ], [ -106.5,39.75 ], [ -106.36749999999999,39.75 ], [ -106.36749999999999,39.6175 ], [ -106.5,39.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Robert B. rbscott@usgs.gov","contributorId":766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Robert","email":"rbscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":265724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidke, David J. 0000-0003-4668-1617 dlidke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-1617","contributorId":1211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"David","email":"dlidke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grunwald, Daniel J.","contributorId":105373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grunwald","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70208243,"text":"70208243 - 2002 - Early developments in petroleum geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-31T12:46:18","indexId":"70208243","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-31T12:32:07","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early developments in petroleum geochemistry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Petroleum&nbsp;</span><a title=\"Learn more about Geochemistry from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/geochemistry\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/geochemistry\">geochemistry</a><span>&nbsp;is the outgrowth of the application of the principles and methods of organic chemistry to&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Petroleum Refining from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/petroleum-refining\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/petroleum-refining\">petroleum refining</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Petroleum Geology from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/petroleum-geology\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/petroleum-geology\">petroleum geology</a>. This paper reviews 120 years of petroleum geochemistry, from about 1860 to 1980, and includes a discussion of the formal recognition of petroleum geochemistry as an earth-science discipline starting in 1959 when a general petroleum geochemistry symposium was first organized at Fordham University, New York. A chronology of significant events, including concepts, techniques, and textbook publications, is presented. Because petroleum geochemistry has been a tool for petroleum exploration from the beginning, the early developments of surface prospecting, source-rock identification, and oil/oil and oil/source correlation are discussed, along with the application of geochemistry to petroleum migration, accumulation, and alteration. In addition the paper deals with the&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Biomarker from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/biomarker\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/biomarker\">biomarker</a>&nbsp;revolution, which began in earnest about 1964, and with early models of geothermal history. Concepts in petroleum geochemistry have continually evolved, enhanced by the development of new analytical techniques, leading to new discoveries concerning the origin and occurrence of petroleum.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00056-6","usgsCitation":"Hunt, J., Philp, R.P., and Kvenvolden, K.A., 2002, Early developments in petroleum geochemistry: Organic Geochemistry, v. 33, no. 9, p. 1025-1052, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00056-6.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1052","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, J.M.","contributorId":222090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Philp, R. Paul","contributorId":209694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Philp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70145538,"text":"70145538 - 2002 - Structural architecture of the central Brooks Range foothills, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T13:03:51","indexId":"70145538","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural architecture of the central Brooks Range foothills, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Five structural levels underlie the Brooks Range foothills, from lowest to highest: (1) autochthon, at a depth of ~9 km; (2) Endicott Mountains allochthon (EMA), thickest under the northern Brooks Range (&gt;15 km) and wedging out northward above the autochthon; (3) higher allochthons (HA), with a composite thickness of 1.5+ km, wedging out northward at or beyond the termination of EMA; (4) Aptian-Albian Fortress Mountain Formation (FM), deposited unconformably on deformed EMA and HA and thickening northward into a &gt;7-km-thick succession of deformed turbidites (Torok Formation); (5) gently folded Albian-Cenomanian deltaic deposits (Nanushuk Group). The dominant faulting pattern in levels 2-3 is thin-skinned thrusting and thrust-related folds formed before deposition of Cretaceous strata. These structures are cut by younger steeply south-dipping reverse faults that truncate and juxtapose structural levels 1-4 and expose progressively deeper structural levels to the south. Structural levels 4-5 are juxtaposed along a north-dipping zone of south-vergent folds and thrusts. Stratigraphic and fission-track age data suggest a kinematic model wherein the foothills belt was formed first, by thrusting of HA and EMA as deformational wedges onto the regionally south-dipping authochon at 140-120Ma. After deposition of FM and Torok during mid-Cretaceous hinterland extension and uplift, a second episode of contractional deformation at 60 Ma shortened the older allochthonous deformational wedges (EMA, HA) and overlying strata on north-vergent reverse faults. To the north, where the allochthons wedge out, shortening caused duplexing in the Torok and development of a triangle zone south of the Tuktu escarpment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., Potter, C.J., and O'Sullivan, P., 2002, Structural architecture of the central Brooks Range foothills, Alaska: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1153-1153.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1153","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":299462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffb3e4b027f0aee3d488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":36627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}