{"pageNumber":"1139","pageRowStart":"28450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165359,"records":[{"id":70203506,"text":"70203506 - 2015 - A practical guide to the use of major elements, trace elements, and isotopes in compositional data analysis: Applications for deep formation brine geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-20T10:16:54","indexId":"70203506","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T10:16:27","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A practical guide to the use of major elements, trace elements, and isotopes in compositional data analysis: Applications for deep formation brine geochemistry","docAbstract":"In the geosciences, isotopic ratios and trace element concentrations are often used along with major element concentrations to help determine sources of and processes affecting geochemical variation. Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) is a set of tools, generally attuned to major element data, concerned with the proper statistical treatment and removal of spurious correlations from compositional data. Though recent insights have been made on the incorporation of trace elements and stable isotope ratios to CoDA, this study provides a general approach to thinking about how radiogenic isotopes, stable isotopes, and trace elements fit with major elements in the CoDA framework. In the present study, we use multiple data sets of deep formation brines and compare traditional mixing models to their CoDA counterparts to examine fluid movement between reservoirs. Concentrations of individual isotopes are calculated using isotopic ratios and global mean isotopic abundances. One key result is that isotope parts (e.g.   18O, 17O, 16O, 2H, 1H, 87Sr, 86Sr) can simply be modelled by the major element concentration (H2O, Sr) in a clr-biplot as they are perfectly dependent. Another important result is that an ilr transformation of radiogenic isotope parts (e.g. 86Sr and 87Sr in 87Sr/86Sr) and trace elements can, like stable isotopes in delta notation, be treated as a linear function of the isotopic ratio or trace element concentration, scaled only by a constant. This implies that there are multiple situations in which an ilr transformation provides little additional insight for the analysis of trends: (1) any two parts with low log ratio variance (e.g. an isotope ratio), no matter their concentrations in the solution, (2) any low concentration parts (trace elements) or a ratio of a trace to a major element, no matter the variance of the elements, and (3) large positive ratios (major/trace) over a restricted range of variance. Similarly, a multivariate ilr transformation of a large data set with many parts will also be a simple perturbation if the balances are evenly split between parts. CoDA transformations, however, even if they do not provide new insight in some specific cases, will provide consistent interpretations for all types of data.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Compositional Data Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop on Compositional Data Analysis","conferenceDate":"June 1-5, 2015","conferenceLocation":"L'Escala, Spain","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-44811-4_2","usgsCitation":"Blondes, M., Engle, M.A., and Geboy, N., 2015, A practical guide to the use of major elements, trace elements, and isotopes in compositional data analysis: Applications for deep formation brine geochemistry, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the International Workshop on Compositional Data Analysis, L'Escala, Spain, June 1-5, 2015, p. 13-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44811-4_2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"29","ipdsId":"IP-070706","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geboy, Nicholas 0000-0003-3949-3001 ngeboy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-3001","contributorId":215664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geboy","given":"Nicholas","email":"ngeboy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160736,"text":"70160736 - 2015 - Current land bird distribution and trends in population abundance between 1982 and 2012 on Rota, Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:06:31","indexId":"70160736","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Current land bird distribution and trends in population abundance between 1982 and 2012 on Rota, Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"<p>The western Pacific island of Rota is the fourth largest human-inhabited island in the Mariana archipelago and designated an Endemic Bird Area. Between 1982 and 2012, 12 point-transect distance-sampling surveys were conducted to assess bird population status. Surveys did not consistently sample the entire island; thus, we used a ratio estimator to estimate bird abundances in strata not sampled during every survey. Trends in population size were reliably estimated for 11 of 13 bird species, and 7 species declined over the 30-y time series, including the island collared-dove <i>Streptopelia bitorquata</i>, white-throated ground-dove <i>Gallicolumba xanthonura</i>, Mariana fruit-dove <i>Ptilinopus roseicapilla</i>, collared kingfisher <i>Todiramphus chloris orii</i>, Micronesian myzomela <i>Myzomela rubratra</i>, black drongo <i>Dicrurus macrocercus</i>, and Mariana crow <i>Corvus kubaryi</i>. The endangered Mariana crow (x̄  =  81 birds, 95% CI 30&ndash;202) declined sharply to fewer than 200 individuals in 2012, down from 1,491 birds in 1982 (95% CI  =  815&ndash;3,115). Trends increased for white tern <i>Gygis alba</i>, rufous fantail <i>Rhipidura rufifrons mariae</i>, and Micronesian starling <i>Aplonis opaca</i>. Numbers of the endangered Rota white-eye <i>Zosterops rotensis</i> declined from 1982 to the late 1990s but returned to 1980s levels by 2012, resulting in an overall stable trend. Trends for the yellow bittern<i> Ixobrychus sinensis</i> were inconclusive. Eurasian tree sparrow <i>Passer montanus</i> trends were not assessed; however, their numbers in 1982 and 2012 were similar. Occupancy models of the 2012 survey data revealed general patterns of land cover use and detectability among 12 species that could be reliably modeled. Occupancy was not assessed for the Eurasian tree sparrow because of insufficient detections. Based on the 2012 survey, bird distribution and abundance across Rota revealed three general patterns: 1) range restriction, including Mariana crow, Rota white-eye, and Eurasian tree sparrow; 2) widespread distribution, low abundance, including collared kingfisher, island collared-dove, white-throated ground-dove, Mariana fruit-dove, white tern, yellow bittern, black drongo, and Micronesian myzomela; and 3) widespread distribution, high abundance, including rufous fantail and Micronesian starling. The Mariana crow was dispersed around the periphery of the island in steep forested land-cover types. In contrast, the Rota white-eye was restricted to the high-elevation mesa. Only for the white-throated ground-dove was there a significant difference among cover types, with lower occupancy in open field than in forested areas. Vegetation was included in the best-fit occupancy models for yellow bittern, black drongo, Micronesian myzomela, and Micronesian starling, but vegetation type was not a significant variable nor included in the top models for the remaining five species: white tern, island collared-dove, Mariana fruit-dove, collared kingfisher, and rufous fantail. Given declining population trends, the Rota bird-monitoring program could benefit from establishing threshold and alert limits and identifying alternative research and management actions. Continued monitoring and demographic sampling, in conjunction with ecological studies, are needed to understand why most bird species on Rota are declining, identify the causative agents, and assess effectiveness of conservation actions, especially for the Mariana crow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.3996/112014-JFWM-085","usgsCitation":"Camp, R., Brinck, K., Gorresen, P.M., Amidon, F.A., Radley, P.M., Berkowitz, S., and Banko, P.C., 2015, Current land bird distribution and trends in population abundance between 1982 and 2012 on Rota, Mariana Islands: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 6, no. 2, p. 511-540, https://doi.org/10.3996/112014-JFWM-085.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"540","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061310","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research 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Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":37020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amidon, Fred A.","contributorId":107200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amidon","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radley, Paul M.","contributorId":7626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radley","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berkowitz, S. Paul","contributorId":44836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkowitz","given":"S. Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70175224,"text":"70175224 - 2015 - Meteorological variables to aid forecasting deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T08:22:38","indexId":"70175224","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meteorological variables to aid forecasting deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Deep slab avalanches are particularly challenging to forecast. These avalanches are difficult to trigger, yet when they release they tend to propagate far and can result in large and destructive avalanches. We utilized a 44-year record of avalanche control and meteorological data from Bridger Bowl ski area in southwest Montana to test the usefulness of meteorological variables for predicting seasons and days with deep slab avalanches. We defined deep slab avalanches as those that failed on persistent weak layers deeper than 0.9&nbsp;m, and that occurred after February 1st. Previous studies often used meteorological variables from days prior to avalanches, but we also considered meteorological variables over the early months of the season. We used classification trees and random forests for our analyses. Our results showed seasons with either dry or wet deep slabs on persistent weak layers typically had less precipitation from November through January than seasons without deep slabs on persistent weak layers. Days with deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers often had warmer minimum 24-hour air temperatures, and more precipitation over the prior seven days, than days without deep slabs on persistent weak layers. Days with deep wet slab avalanches on persistent weak layers were typically preceded by three days of above freezing air temperatures. Seasonal and daily meteorological variables were found useful to aid forecasting dry and wet deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers, and should be used in combination with continuous observation of the snowpack and avalanche activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.08.007","usgsCitation":"Marienthal, A., Hendrikx, J., Birkeland, K.W., and Irvine, K.M., 2015, Meteorological variables to aid forecasting deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 120, p. 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.08.007.","startPage":"227","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061005","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bridger Bowl ski area","volume":"120","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315cae4b006cb45558b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marienthal, Alex","contributorId":173365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marienthal","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27212,"text":"Snow and Avalanche Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrikx, Jordy 0000-0001-6194-3596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-3596","contributorId":140954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrikx","given":"Jordy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13628,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 173480, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. 59717.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birkeland, Karl W.","contributorId":173366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birkeland","given":"Karl","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27213,"text":"USDA Forest Service National Avalanche Center, Bozeman, MT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168396,"text":"70168396 - 2015 - Assessment of environmental DNA for detecting presence of imperiled aquatic amphibian species in isolated wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T15:03:17","indexId":"70168396","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of environmental DNA for detecting presence of imperiled aquatic amphibian species in isolated wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging tool that allows low-impact sampling for aquatic species by isolating DNA from water samples and screening for DNA sequences specific to species of interest. However, researchers have not tested this method in naturally acidic wetlands that provide breeding habitat for a number of imperiled species, including the frosted salamander (</span><i>Ambystoma cingulatum</i><span>), reticulated flatwoods salamanders (</span><i>Ambystoma bishopi</i><span>), striped newt (</span><i>Notophthalmus perstriatus</i><span>), and gopher frog (</span><i>Lithobates capito</i><span>). Our objectives for this study were to develop and optimize eDNA survey protocols and assays to complement and enhance capture-based survey methods for these amphibian species. We collected three or more water samples, dipnetted or trapped larval and adult amphibians, and conducted visual encounter surveys for egg masses for target species at 40 sites on 12 different longleaf pine (</span><i>Pinus palustris</i><span>) tracts. We used quantitative PCRs to screen eDNA from each site for target species presence. We detected flatwoods salamanders at three sites with eDNA but did not detect them during physical surveys. Based on the sample location we assumed these eDNA detections to indicate the presence of frosted flatwoods salamanders. We did not detect reticulated flatwoods salamanders. We detected striped newts with physical and eDNA surveys at two wetlands. We detected gopher frogs at 12 sites total, three with eDNA alone, two with physical surveys alone, and seven with physical and eDNA surveys. We detected our target species with eDNA at 9 of 11 sites where they were present as indicated from traditional surveys and at six sites where they were not detected with traditional surveys. It was, however, critical to use at least three water samples per site for eDNA. Our results demonstrate eDNA surveys can be a useful complement to traditional survey methods for detecting imperiled pond-breeding amphibians. Environmental DNA may be particularly useful in situations where detection probability using traditional survey methods is low or access by trained personnel is limited.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/042014-JFWM-034","usgsCitation":"McKee, A.M., Calhoun, D.L., Barichivich, W.J., Spear, S.F., Goldberg, C.S., and Glenn, T.C., 2015, Assessment of environmental DNA for detecting presence of imperiled aquatic amphibian species in isolated wetlands: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 6, no. 2, p. 498-510, https://doi.org/10.3996/042014-JFWM-034.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"498","endPage":"510","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063883","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","county":"Irwin County","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola National Forest, Fall Line Sandhills Wildlife Management Area, Fort Benning, Fort Stewart, Joseph W. 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Great Lakes lake whitefish (</span><i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i><span>) have demonstrated dramatic changes in growth and life history traits since the appearance of dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes, but the role of habitat occupancy in driving these changes is poorly understood. To better understand temporal changes in lake whitefish depth of capture (</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>), we compiled a database of fishery-independent surveys representing multiple populations across all five Laurentian Great Lakes. By demonstrating the importance of survey design in estimating&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>, we describe a novel method for detecting survey-based bias in&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;and removing potentially biased data. Using unbiased&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;estimates, we show clear differences in the pattern and timing of changes in lake whitefish&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;between our reference sites (Lake Superior) and those that have experienced significant benthic food web changes (lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario). Lake whitefish&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;in Lake Superior tended to gradually shift to shallower waters, but changed rapidly in other locations coincident with dreissenid establishment and declines in&nbsp;</span><i>Diporeia</i><span>&nbsp;densities. Almost all lake whitefish populations that were exposed to dreissenids demonstrated deeper&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;following benthic food web change, though a subset of these populations subsequently shifted to more shallow depths. In some cases in lakes Huron and Ontario, shifts towards more shallow&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;are occurring well after documented&nbsp;</span><i>Diporeia</i><span>&nbsp;collapse, suggesting the role of other drivers such as habitat availability or reliance on alternative prey sources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.014","collaboration":"Lakehead University, IISD-Experimental Lakes Area, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","usgsCitation":"Rennie, M.D., Weidel, B., Claramunt, R., and Dunlob, E.S., 2015, Changes in depth occupied by Great Lakes lake whitefish populations and the influence of survey design: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1150-1161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.014.","productDescription":"12 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S.","contributorId":150805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunlob","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174200,"text":"70174200 - 2015 - Seismic hazard in the Nation's breadbasket","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T12:12:29","indexId":"70174200","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard in the Nation's breadbasket","docAbstract":"<p>The USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps were updated in 2014 and included several important changes for the central United States (CUS). Background seismicity sources were improved using a new moment-magnitude-based catalog; a new adaptive, nearest-neighbor smoothing kernel was implemented; and maximum magnitudes for background sources were updated. Areal source zones developed by the Central and Eastern United States Seismic Source Characterization for Nuclear Facilities project were simplified and adopted. The weighting scheme for ground motion models was updated, giving more weight to models with a faster attenuation with distance compared to the previous maps. Overall, hazard changes (2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, across a range of ground-motion frequencies) were smaller than 10% in most of the CUS relative to the 2008 USGS maps despite new ground motion models and their assigned logic tree weights that reduced the probabilistic ground motions by 5&ndash;20%.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/103114EQS174M","usgsCitation":"Boyd, O.S., Haller, K., Luco, N., Moschetti, M.P., Mueller, C., Petersen, M.D., Rezaeian, S., and Rubinstein, J.L., 2015, Seismic hazard in the Nation's breadbasket: Earthquake Spectra, v. S1, no. 31, p. 109-130, https://doi.org/10.1193/103114EQS174M.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"130","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064918","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1193/103114eqs174m","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"S1","issue":"31","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2c6e4b07dd077c6aa3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haller, Kathleen 0000-0001-8847-7302 haller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-7302","contributorId":172556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mueller, Charles 0000-0002-1868-9710 cmueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9710","contributorId":140380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"cmueller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893 srezaeian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":4395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","email":"srezaeian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rubinstein, Justin L. 0000-0003-1274-6785 jrubinstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6785","contributorId":2404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Justin","email":"jrubinstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70173614,"text":"70173614 - 2015 - Water quality and fish dynamics in forested wetlands associated with an oxbow lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T16:29:30","indexId":"70173614","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality and fish dynamics in forested wetlands associated with an oxbow lake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forested wetlands represent some of the most distinct environments in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Depending on season, water in forested wetlands can be warm, stagnant, and oxygen-depleted, yet may support high fish diversity. Fish assemblages in forested wetlands are not well studied because of difficulties in sampling heavily structured environments. During the April&ndash;July period, we surveyed and compared the water quality and assemblages of small fish in a margin wetland (forested fringe along a lake shore), contiguous wetland (forested wetland adjacent to a lake), and the open water of an oxbow lake. Dissolved-oxygen levels measured hourly 0.5 m below the surface were higher in the open water than in either of the forested wetlands. Despite reduced water quality, fish-species richness and catch rates estimated with light traps were greater in the forested wetlands than in the open water. The forested wetlands supported large numbers of fish and unique fish assemblages that included some rare species, likely because of their structural complexity. Programs developed to refine agricultural practices, preserve riparian zones, and restore lakes should include guidance to protect and reestablish forested wetlands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bioone","doi":"10.1656/058.014.0404","usgsCitation":"Andrews, C.S., Miranda, L.E., and Kroger, R., 2015, Water quality and fish dynamics in forested wetlands associated with an oxbow lake: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 14, no. 4, p. 623-634, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.014.0404.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059167","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Blue Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.44958114624023,\n              33.92726625895817\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41662216186523,\n              33.92712382336637\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41662216186523,\n              33.897777013859475\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.45026779174805,\n              33.89791949850677\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.44958114624023,\n              33.92726625895817\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f065e4b04f417c24dd45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Caroline S.","contributorId":143700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroger, Robert","contributorId":143701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kroger","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174270,"text":"70174270 - 2015 - Hybridization between Dusky Grouse and Sharp-tailed Grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T09:20:20","indexId":"70174270","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybridization between Dusky Grouse and Sharp-tailed Grouse","docAbstract":"<p>Cache County, Utah, 7 April 2013: rare hybrid combination of grouse noted. Hybridization between Dusky Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) and Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) has been rarely documented in the wild. The only published record was of one collected from Osoyoos, British Columbia, in 1906 (Brooks 1907, Lincoln 1950). There is also one record of this hybrid in captivity (McCarthy 2006)...Although hybridization within genera is more common than between genera, it is perhaps not all too remarkable that these species would hybridize, given that Dendragapus and Tympanuchus are each other&rsquo;s closest relatives (Drovetski 2002). The ranges of these two species overlap over a broad area ranging roughly from parts of northern Utah and Colorado to Yukon and the Northwest Territories. Given the close relatedness and extent of overlap of their ranges, it is perhaps surprising that there have not been more reports of this hybrid combination in the over-100 years since Brooks (1907) first described one. The species may be segregated by habitat use, as Sharp-tailed prefer open grassland sites for lekking and shrub areas for nesting, and Dusky are often found in more densely forested conifer stands&mdash;although Dusky often use more open habitats in the spring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","issn":"01601121","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, R.P., 2015, Hybridization between Dusky Grouse and Sharp-tailed Grouse: Western Birds, v. 46, no. 4, p. 351-352.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"352","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057527","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d31e4b0ef4d2f45fab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Ryan P. 0000-0002-8710-7956 rodonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8710-7956","contributorId":4657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Ryan","email":"rodonnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70173962,"text":"70173962 - 2015 - Geospatial resources for the geologic community: The USGS National Map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T15:13:12","indexId":"70173962","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geospatial resources for the geologic community: The USGS National Map","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geospatial data are a key component of investigating, interpreting, and communicating the geological sciences. Locating geospatial data can be time-consuming, which detracts from time spent on a study because these data are not obviously placed in central locations or are served from many disparate databases. The National Map of the US Geological Survey is a publicly available resource for accessing the geospatial base map data needs of the geological community from a central location. The National Map data are available through a viewer and download platform providing access to eight primary data themes, plus the US Topo and scanned historical topographic maps. The eight themes are elevation, orthoimagery, hydrography, geographic names, boundaries, transportation, structures, and land cover, and they are being offered for download as predefined tiles in formats supported by leading geographic information system software. Data tiles are periodically refreshed to capture the most current content and are an efficient method for disseminating and receiving geospatial information. Elevation data, for example, are offered as a download from the National Map as 1&deg; &times; 1&deg; tiles for the 10- and 30- m products and as 15&prime; &times; 15&prime; tiles for the higher-resolution 3-m product. Vector data sets with smaller file sizes are offered at several tile sizes and formats. Partial tiles are not a download option&mdash;any prestaged data that intersect the requesting bounding box will be, in their entirety, part of the download order. While there are many options for accessing geospatial data via the Web, the National Map represents authoritative sources of data that are documented and can be referenced for citation and inclusion in scientific publications. Therefore, National Map products and services should be part of a geologist&rsquo;s first stop for geospatial information and data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/682008","usgsCitation":"Witt, E.C., 2015, Geospatial resources for the geologic community: The USGS National Map: Journal of Geology, v. 123, no. 3, p. 283-294, https://doi.org/10.1086/682008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"294","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063473","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a653be4b07657d1a11daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witt, Emitt C. III 0000-0002-1814-7807 ecwitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7807","contributorId":1612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"Emitt","suffix":"III","email":"ecwitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174840,"text":"70174840 - 2015 - Monitoring changes in seismic velocity related to an ongoing rapid inflation event at Okmok volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T14:52:07.249021","indexId":"70174840","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring changes in seismic velocity related to an ongoing rapid inflation event at Okmok volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Okmok is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc. In an effort to improve our ability to detect precursory activity leading to eruption at Okmok, we monitor a recent, and possibly ongoing, GPS-inferred rapid inflation event at the volcano using ambient noise interferometry (ANI). Applying this method, we identify changes in seismic velocity outside of Okmok&rsquo;s caldera, which are related to the hydrologic cycle. Within the caldera, we observe decreases in seismic velocity that are associated with the GPS-inferred rapid inflation event. We also determine temporal changes in waveform decorrelation and show a continual increase in decorrelation rate over the time associated with the rapid inflation event. Themagnitude of relative velocity decreases and decorrelation rate increases are comparable to previous studies at Piton de la Fournaise that associate such changes with increased production of volatiles and/ormagmatic intrusion within the magma reservoir and associated opening of fractures and/or fissures. Notably, the largest decrease in relative velocity occurs along the intrastation path passing nearest to the center of the caldera. This observation, along with equal amplitude relative velocity decreases revealed via analysis of intracaldera autocorrelations, suggests that the inflation sourcemay be located approximately within the center of the caldera and represent recharge of shallow magma storage in this location. Importantly, there is a relative absence of seismicity associated with this and previous rapid inflation events at Okmok. Thus, these ANI results are the first seismic evidence of such rapid inflation at the volcano.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB011939","usgsCitation":"Bennington, N., Haney, M.M., De Angelis, S., Thurber, C., and Freymueller, J., 2015, Monitoring changes in seismic velocity related to an ongoing rapid inflation event at Okmok volcano, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 8, p. 5664-5676, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011939.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5664","endPage":"5676","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068858","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb011939","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Okmok Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.25928811603328,\n              53.48606857460288\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.25928811603328,\n              53.35666372572206\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.0005045660394,\n              53.35666372572206\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.0005045660394,\n              53.48606857460288\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.25928811603328,\n              53.48606857460288\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdb4e4b0f1bea0e0f8a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennington, Ninfa","contributorId":49699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennington","given":"Ninfa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Angelis, Silvio","contributorId":172953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Angelis","given":"Silvio","affiliations":[{"id":27128,"text":"Univ. of Liverpool","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford","contributorId":44067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeff","contributorId":82190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70174146,"text":"70174146 - 2015 - Management and the conservation of freshwater ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T15:41:28","indexId":"70174146","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Management and the conservation of freshwater ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p>Riparian areas are the terrestrial environment adjacent to water that both influences and is influenced by the aquatic feature (Gregory&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1991; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010). Riparian areas along streams provide shade, sources of wood and organic matter, contribute to bank stability, filter sediments, take up excess nutrients from groundwater inputs, and other key processes that protect freshwaters (e.g. Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010; Richardson &amp; Danehy, 2007; Figure 9.1). Riparian areas also increase biodiversity through habitat complexity and close juxtaposition of aquatic and terrestrial environments (Quinn&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2004; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010). Alterations to riparian areas, despite their small area relative to the landscape, have disproportionate effects on habitats and fish communities (Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010; Wipfli &amp; Baxter, 2010). Key habitat losses and alterations are derived from modification of riparian areas by reducing instream habitat complexity (Bilby &amp; Ward, 1989; Fausch &amp; Northcote, 1992; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010), diminishing the productive basis of freshwater food webs (Belsky&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1999; Quinn&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2004), increasing nutrient, contaminant and sediment intrusion (Muscutt&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1993; Daniels &amp; Gilliam, 1996; Nguyen&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1998; Waters, 1999).</p>\n<p>Riparian and freshwater ecosystems are typically tightly coupled, especially in their natural states, and the linkages that couple them frequently exert strong influence on their associated invertebrate and fish fauna (e.g. Gregory&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1991; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010). Riparian habitats, and the condition of these habitats, further plays a key role in the ecology of these fresh waters, influencing critical processes such as water, nutrient and sediment delivery and dynamics; prey resources for fish and other consumers, and other organic materials exchanged between aquatic and terrestrial habitats (Nakano&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1999; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010); light and water temperature dynamics that in turn affect food web processes and fish metabolism and growth; aquatic physical habitat (wood); and terrestrial consumers that prey upon fishes (Bisson &amp; Bilby, 1998; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010; Wipfli &amp; Baxter, 2010). These processes in turn directly or indirectly influence fishes in freshwater systems (Wang&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2001; Pusey &amp; Arthington, 2003; Allan, 2004; Richardson&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010a).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139627085.010","usgsCitation":"Wipfli, M.S., and Richardson, J.S., 2015, Management and the conservation of freshwater ecosystems, p. 270-291, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139627085.010.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"291","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055418","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb1e4b07657d1a90cde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, John S.","contributorId":172517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174114,"text":"70174114 - 2015 - Why are freshwater fish so threatened?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T16:20:39","indexId":"70174114","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Why are freshwater fish so threatened?","docAbstract":"<p>The huge diversity of freshwater fishes is concentrated into an area of habitat that covers only about 1% of the Earth's surface, and much of this limited area has already been extensively impacted and intensively managed to meet human needs (Dudgeon&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2006). As outlined in Chapter 1, the number and proportions of threatened species tend to rise wherever fish diversity coincides with dense human populations, intensive resource use and development pressure. Of particular concern is the substantial proportion of the global diversity of freshwater fishes concentrated within the Mekong and Amazon Basins and west-central Africa (Berra, 2001; Abell&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2008; Dudgeon, 2011; Chapter 1) with extensive exploitation of water resources planned to accelerate in future years (Dudgeon, 2011; Chapter 1). If current trends continue, and the social, political and economic models that have been used to develop industrialised regions of the world over the past two centuries prevail, then the future of a significant proportion of global diversity of freshwater fish species is clearly uncertain.</p>\n<p>Understanding why so many freshwater fish species are threatened requires some understanding of their biology, diversity, distribution, biogeography and ecology, but also some appreciation of the social, economic and political forces that are causing humans to destroy the natural ecosystems upon which we all ultimately depend. To begin to understand the diversity of freshwater fishes, we first need to consider the processes that generated and continue to sustain the diversity of species we see today. Based on an understanding of how freshwater fish diversity is generated and sustained, we consider how vulnerable or resilient various freshwater fishes are to the range of anthropogenic impacts that impinge on freshwater ecosystems. Finally, we discuss how social, political and economic drivers influence human impacts on natural systems, and the changes needed to current models of development that can lead to a sustainable future for humans and the diverse range of freshwater fish species with which we share our planet. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the key issues and threats driving the declines in freshwater fish diversity identified in Chapter 1; subsequent chapters provide more detail on the key issues and address our options for developing a sustainable future for freshwater fishes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation of Freshwater Fishes","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139627085","usgsCitation":"Closs, G.P., Angermeier, P.L., Darwall, W.R., and Balcombe, S.R., 2015, Why are freshwater fish so threatened?, chap. <i>of</i> Conservation of Freshwater Fishes, p. 37-75, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139627085.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059105","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb9e4b07657d1a90daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Closs, Gerard P.","contributorId":172538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Closs","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darwall, William R.T.","contributorId":94981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darwall","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balcombe, Stephen R.","contributorId":172539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balcombe","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168393,"text":"70168393 - 2015 - Quantifying the adaptive cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T09:40:31","indexId":"70168393","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the adaptive cycle","docAbstract":"<p><span>The adaptive cycle was proposed as a conceptual model to portray patterns of change in complex systems. Despite the model having potential for elucidating change across systems, it has been used mainly as a metaphor, describing system dynamics qualitatively. We use a quantitative approach for testing premises (reorganisation, conservatism, adaptation) in the adaptive cycle, using Baltic Sea phytoplankton communities as an example of such complex system dynamics. Phytoplankton organizes in recurring spring and summer blooms, a well-established paradigm in planktology and succession theory, with characteristic temporal trajectories during blooms that may be consistent with adaptive cycle phases. We used long-term (1994&ndash;2011) data and multivariate analysis of community structure to assess key components of the adaptive cycle. Specifically, we tested predictions about: reorganisation: spring and summer blooms comprise distinct community states; conservatism: community trajectories during individual adaptive cycles are conservative; and adaptation: phytoplankton species during blooms change in the long term. All predictions were supported by our analyses. Results suggest that traditional ecological paradigms such as phytoplankton successional models have potential for moving the adaptive cycle from a metaphor to a framework that can improve our understanding how complex systems organize and reorganize following collapse. Quantifying reorganization, conservatism and adaptation provides opportunities to cope with the intricacies and uncertainties associated with fast ecological change, driven by shifting system controls. Ultimately, combining traditional ecological paradigms with heuristics of complex system dynamics using quantitative approaches may help refine ecological theory and improve our understanding of the resilience of ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0146053","usgsCitation":"Angeler, D., Allen, C.R., Garmestani, A.S., Gunderson, L.H., Hjerne, O., and Winder, M., 2015, Quantifying the adaptive cycle: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 12, e0146053: 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146053.","productDescription":"e0146053: 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071543","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146053","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Baltic Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              9.31640625,\n              53.69670647530323\n            ],\n            [\n              9.31640625,\n              66.17826596326798\n            ],\n            [\n              30.0146484375,\n              66.17826596326798\n            ],\n            [\n              30.0146484375,\n              53.69670647530323\n            ],\n            [\n              9.31640625,\n              53.69670647530323\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbecae4b06458514aeede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garmestani, Ahjond S.","contributorId":77285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"Ahjond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunderson, Lance H.","contributorId":12182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hjerne, Olle","contributorId":166719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hjerne","given":"Olle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winder, Monika","contributorId":68178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winder","given":"Monika","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162128,"text":"70162128 - 2015 - General herpetological collecting is size-biased for five Pacific lizards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T16:21:14.713618","indexId":"70162128","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"General herpetological collecting is size-biased for five Pacific lizards","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate estimation of a species' size distribution is a key component of characterizing its ecology, evolution, physiology, and demography. We compared the body size distributions of five Pacific lizards (</span><i>Carlia ailanpalai, Emoia caeruleocauda, Gehyra mutilata,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Hemidactylus frenatus</span>,</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Lepidodactylus lugubris</span></i><span>) from general herpetological collecting (including visual surveys and glue boards) with those from complete censuses obtained by total removal. All species exhibited the same pattern: general herpetological collecting undersampled juveniles and oversampled mid-sized adults. The bias was greatest for the smallest juveniles and was not statistically evident for newly maturing and very large adults. All of the true size distributions of these continuously breeding species were skewed heavily toward juveniles, more so than the detections obtained from general collecting. A strongly skewed size distribution is not well characterized by the mean or maximum, though those are the statistics routinely reported for species' sizes. We found body mass to be distributed more symmetrically than was snout–vent length, providing an additional rationale for collecting and reporting that size measure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/14-093","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G.H., Yackel Adams, A., Campbell, E., and Fritts, T.H., 2015, General herpetological collecting is size-biased for five Pacific lizards: Journal of Herpetology, v. 49, no. 4, p. 507-512, https://doi.org/10.1670/14-093.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"512","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058201","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              145.1458740234375,\n              14.657997403502987\n            ],\n            [\n              145.1458740234375,\n              15.480151358815984\n            ],\n            [\n              146.1181640625,\n              15.480151358815984\n            ],\n            [\n              146.1181640625,\n              14.657997403502987\n            ],\n            [\n              145.1458740234375,\n              14.657997403502987\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5698d4cae4b0fbd3f7fa4c3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, Gordon H. roddag@usgs.gov","contributorId":3196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"Gordon","email":"roddag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. yackela@usgs.gov","contributorId":141033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy A.","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Earl W. III","contributorId":84202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Earl W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritts, Thomas H.","contributorId":77204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162632,"text":"70162632 - 2015 - High-resolution remote sensing of water quality in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:56:25","indexId":"70162632","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution remote sensing of water quality in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Francisco Bay&ndash;Delta Estuary watershed is a major source of freshwater for California and a profoundly human-impacted environment. The water quality monitoring that is critical to the management of this important water resource and ecosystem relies primarily on a system of fixed water-quality monitoring stations, but the limited spatial coverage often hinders understanding. Here, we show how the latest technology in visible/near-infrared imaging spectroscopy can facilitate water quality monitoring in this highly dynamic and heterogeneous system by enabling simultaneous depictions of several water quality indicators at very high spatial resolution. The airborne portable remote imaging spectrometer (PRISM) was used to derive high-spatial-resolution (2.6 &times; 2.6 m) distributions of turbidity, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chlorophyll-a concentrations in a wetland-influenced region of this estuary. A filter-passing methylmercury vs DOC relationship was also developed using in situ samples and enabled the high-spatial-resolution depiction of surface methylmercury concentrations in this area. The results illustrate how high-resolution imaging spectroscopy can inform management and policy development in important inland and estuarine water bodies by facilitating the detection of point- and nonpoint-source pollution, and by providing data to help assess the complex impacts of wetland restoration and climate change on water quality and ecosystem productivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b03518","usgsCitation":"Fichot, C.G., Downing, B.D., Bergamaschi, B.A., Windham-Myers, L., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Thompson, D., and Gierach, M.M., 2015, High-resolution remote sensing of water quality in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 573-583, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03518.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"583","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067066","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.1133804321289,\n              38.036734877267705\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1133804321289,\n              38.203115738057605\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9757080078125,\n              38.203115738057605\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9757080078125,\n              38.036734877267705\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1133804321289,\n              38.036734877267705\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49c7e4b07ca61bfea55a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fichot, Cedric G.","contributorId":152637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fichot","given":"Cedric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, David R.","contributorId":152638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gierach, Michelle M.","contributorId":152639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gierach","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70162143,"text":"70162143 - 2015 - Geologic cross sections and preliminary geologic map of the Questa Area, Taos County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-24T14:12:34","indexId":"70162143","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"578","subseriesTitle":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","title":"Geologic cross sections and preliminary geologic map of the Questa Area, Taos County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>In 2011, the senior authors were contacted by Ron Gardiner of Questa, and Village of Questa Mayor Esther Garcia, to discuss the existing and future groundwater supply for the Village of Questa. This meeting led to the development of a plan in 2013 to perform an integrated geologic, geophysical, and hydrogeologic investigation of the Questa area by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology &amp; Mineral Resources (NMBG), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and New Mexico Tech (NMT). </p><p>The NMBG was responsible for the geologic map and geologic cross sections. The USGS was responsible for a detailed geophysical model to be incorporated into the NMBG products. NMT was responsible for providing a graduate student to develop a geochemical and groundwater flow model. This report represents the final products of the geologic and geophysical investigations conducted by the NMBG and USGS. The USGS final products have been incorporated directly into the geologic cross sections. </p><p>The objective of the study was to characterize and interpret the shallow (to a depth of approximately 5,000 ft) three-dimensional geology and preliminary hydrogeology of the Questa area. The focus of this report is to compile existing geologic and geophysical data, integrate new geophysical data, and interpret these data to construct three, detailed geologic cross sections across the Questa area. These cross sections can be used by the Village of Questa to make decisions about municipal water-well development, and can be used in the future to help in the development of a conceptual model of groundwater flow for the Questa area. Attached to this report are a location map, a preliminary geologic map and unit descriptions, tables of water wells and springs used in the study, and three detailed hydrogeologic cross sections shown at two different vertical scales. The locations of the cross sections are shown on the index map of the cross section sheet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","usgsCitation":"Bauer, P.W., Grauch, V.J., Johnson, P.S., Thompson, R.A., Drenth, B.J., and Kelson, K., 2015, Geologic cross sections and preliminary geologic map of the Questa Area, Taos County, New Mexico: Open-File Report 578, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-069393","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea0e4b006455f2d61d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, Paul W.","contributorId":145562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16150,"text":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Peggy S.","contributorId":85689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelson, Keith I.","contributorId":75851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelson","given":"Keith I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162582,"text":"70162582 - 2015 - Substantial contribution of biomethylation to aquifer arsenic cycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T10:08:09","indexId":"70162582","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Substantial contribution of biomethylation to aquifer arsenic cycling","docAbstract":"<p>Microbes play a prominent role in transforming arsenic to and from immobile forms in aquifers1. Much of this cycling involves inorganic forms of arsenic2, but microbes can also generate organic forms through methylation3, although this process is often considered insignificant in aquifers4, 5, 6, 7. Here we identify the presence of dimethylarsinate and other methylated arsenic species in an aquifer hosted in volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. We find that dimethylarsinate is widespread in the aquifer and its concentration correlates strongly with arsenite concentration. We use laboratory incubation experiments and an aquifer injection test to show that aquifer microbes can produce dimethylarsinate at rates of about 0.1% of total dissolved arsenic per day, comparable to rates of dimethylarsinate production in surface environments. Based on these results, we estimate that globally, biomethylation in aquifers has the potential to transform 100 tons of inorganic arsenic to methylated arsenic species per year, compared with the 420&ndash;1,250 tons of inorganic arsenic that undergoes biomethylation in soils8. We therefore conclude that biomethylation could contribute significantly to aquifer arsenic cycling. Because biomethylation yields arsine and methylarsines, which are more volatile and prone to diffusion than other arsenic species, we further suggest that biomethylation may serve as a link between surface and subsurface arsenic cycling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2383","usgsCitation":"Maguffin, S.C., Kirk, M.F., Daigle, A.R., Hinkle, S.R., and Jin, Q., 2015, Substantial contribution of biomethylation to aquifer arsenic cycling: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 290-293, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2383.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"293","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051926","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49d3e4b07ca61bfea5e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maguffin, Scott C.","contributorId":152597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maguffin","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Matthew F.","contributorId":152598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirk","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daigle, Ashley R.","contributorId":152599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daigle","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jin, Qusheng","contributorId":152600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jin","given":"Qusheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70164445,"text":"70164445 - 2015 - Roost habitat of Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) in the canyonlands of Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:50:21","indexId":"70164445","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Roost habitat of Mexican Spotted Owls (<i>Strix occidentalis lucida</i>) in the canyonlands of Utah","title":"Roost habitat of Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) in the canyonlands of Utah","docAbstract":"<p>In large portions of their geographic range, Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) roost in forest-dominated environments, but in some areas the owls use relatively arid rocky canyonlands. We measured habitat characteristics at 133 male roosts (n = 20 males) during 1992-95, and 56 female roosts (n = 13 females) during 1994-95. Across all years and study areas, 44% of Mexican Spotted Owl roosts occurred in mixed-conifer forest patches, 30% in desert scrub habitat, 16% in pinyon-juniper woodlands, and 10% of roosts occurred in riparian vegetation. Two basic substrates were used as perches by owls, including rock ledges or various trees, where roost height averaged 9 m (0.54 SD), and average height of cliffs above perched owls was 50 m (58 SD). For both males and females, trees types used most frequently included various firs (51%), followed by pinyon pine (18%), Utah juniper (15%), and big-tooth maple or box elder combined (15%). Roost sites were located in canyons composed of cliff-forming geologic formations, primarily oriented north-west to south-east. The width of canyons measured at roosts averaged 68 m (105 SD), but ranged from 1-500 m. Canopy cover at roosts used by owls ranged from 44% to 71%, mean tree height of all trees present was 9.5 m and mean diameter of trees was 25.4 cm. Non-roost habitat was warmer, not as steep, and possessed fewer caves and ledges than roost habitat. Trees present in roost plots were taller, and thus showed greater average diameter than trees present in non-roost habitat.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/14-021.1","usgsCitation":"Willey, D.W., and van Riper, C., 2015, Roost habitat of Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) in the canyonlands of Utah: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 127, no. 4, p. 690-696, https://doi.org/10.1676/14-021.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"690","endPage":"696","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013513","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Zion National Park; Capitol Reef National Park; Manti 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W.","contributorId":59724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160609,"text":"70160609 - 2015 - Foraging mechanisms of siscowet lake trout (<I>Salvelinus namaycush siscowet</I>) on pelagic prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-05T10:05:44","indexId":"70160609","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging mechanisms of siscowet lake trout (<I>Salvelinus namaycush siscowet</I>) on pelagic prey","docAbstract":"<p>The reaction distance, angle of attack, and foraging success were determined for siscowet lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush siscowet</i>) during laboratory trials under lighting conditions that approximated downwelling spectral irradiance and intensity (9.00&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10<sup>8</sup>&ndash;1.06&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10<sup>14</sup>&nbsp;photons&nbsp;m<sup>&minus;&nbsp;2</sup>&nbsp;s<sup>&minus;&nbsp;1</sup>) at daytime depths. Siscowet reaction distance in response to golden shiners (<i>Notemigonus crysoleucas</i>) was directly correlated with increasing light intensity until saturation at 1.86&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10<sup>11</sup>&nbsp;photons&nbsp;m<sup>&minus;&nbsp;2</sup>&nbsp;s<sup>&minus;&nbsp;1</sup>, above which reaction distance was constant within the range of tested light intensities. At the lowest tested light intensity, sensory detection was sufficient to locate prey at 25&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;2&nbsp;cm, while increasing light intensities increased reaction distance up to 59&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;2&nbsp;cm at 1.06&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10<sup>14</sup>&nbsp;photons&nbsp;m<sup>&minus;&nbsp;2</sup>&nbsp;s<sup>&minus;&nbsp;1</sup>. Larger prey elicited higher reaction distances than smaller prey at all light intensities while moving prey elicited higher reaction distances than stationary prey at the higher light intensities (6.00&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10<sup>9</sup> to 1.06&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10<sup>14</sup>&nbsp;photons&nbsp;m<sup>&minus;&nbsp;2</sup>&nbsp;s<sup>&minus;&nbsp;1</sup>). The capture and consumption of prey similarly increased with increasing light intensity while time to capture decreased with increasing light intensity. The majority of orientations toward prey occurred within 120&deg; of the longitudinal axis of the siscowet's eyes, although reaction distances among 30&deg; increments along the entire axis were not significantly different. The developed predictive model will help determine reaction distances for siscowet in various photic environments and will help identify the mechanisms and behavior that allow for low light intensity foraging within freshwater systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.016","usgsCitation":"Keyler, T.D., Hrabik, T.R., Austin, C.L., Gorman, O.T., and Mensinger, A.F., 2015, Foraging mechanisms of siscowet lake trout (<I>Salvelinus namaycush siscowet</I>) on pelagic prey: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1162-1171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1162","endPage":"1171","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071047","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":313127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior, Apostle Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.48133850097656,\n              46.989855008117836\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.29182434082031,\n              46.99289939154502\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.29285430908202,\n              46.9036035979079\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.50193786621094,\n              46.9036035979079\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.48133850097656,\n              46.989855008117836\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56865fc6e4b0e7594ee74cc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keyler, Trevor D.","contributorId":150850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyler","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hrabik, Thomas R.","contributorId":35614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hrabik","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, C. Lee","contributorId":150851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Austin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mensinger, Allen F.","contributorId":150852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mensinger","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70164520,"text":"70164520 - 2015 - Interpretation of <i>S</i> waves generated by near-surface chemical explosions at SAFOD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T12:57:30","indexId":"70164520","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of <i>S</i> waves generated by near-surface chemical explosions at SAFOD","docAbstract":"<p><span>A series of near-surface chemical explosions conducted at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) were recorded by high-frequency downhole receiver arrays in separate experiments in November 2003 and May 2005. The 2003 experiment involved &sim;100&thinsp;&thinsp;kg shots detonated along a 46-km-long line (Hole&ndash;Ryberg line) centered on SAFOD and recorded by 32 three-component geophones in the pilot hole between 0.8 and 2.0&nbsp;km depth. The 2005 experiment involved &sim;36&thinsp;&thinsp;kg shots detonated at Parkfield Area Seismic Observatory (PASO) stations (at &sim;1&ndash;8&thinsp;&thinsp;km offset) recorded by 80 three-component geophones in the main hole between the surface and 2.4&nbsp;km depth. These data sample the downgoing seismic wavefield and constrain the shallow velocity and attenuation structure, as well as the first-order characteristics of the source. Using forward modeling on a velocity structure designed for the near field, both observed&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>- and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-wave energy for the PASO shots are identified with the travel times expected for direct and/or reflected phases. Larger-offset recordings from shots along the Hole&ndash;Ryberg line reveal substantial&nbsp;</span><i>SV</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>SH</i><span>&nbsp;energy, especially southwest of SAFOD from the source as indicated by&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>-to-</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;amplitude ratios. The generated&nbsp;</span><i>SV</i><span>&nbsp;energy is interpreted to arise chiefly from&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>-to-</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;conversions at subhorizontal discontinuities. This provides a simple mechanism for often-observed low&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>-to-</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;amplitude ratios from nuclear explosions in the far field, as originating from strong near-field wave conversions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of Amercia","doi":"10.1785/0120140242","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Ellsworth, W.L., and Rubinstein, J.L., 2015, Interpretation of <i>S</i> waves generated by near-surface chemical explosions at SAFOD: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 6, p. 2835-2851, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140242.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2835","endPage":"2851","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057606","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bb1bc5e4b08d617f654e1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Fred F. fpollitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Fred F.","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubinstein, Justin L. 0000-0003-1274-6785 jrubinstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6785","contributorId":2404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Justin","email":"jrubinstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161871,"text":"70161871 - 2015 - Critical loads of atmospheric deposition to Adirondack lake watersheds: A guide for policymakers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T16:24:46","indexId":"70161871","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Critical loads of atmospheric deposition to Adirondack lake watersheds: A guide for policymakers","docAbstract":"<p>Acid deposition is sometimes referred to as “acid rain,” although part of the acid load reaches the surface by means other than rainfall. In the eastern U.S., acid deposition consists of several forms of sulfur and nitrogen that largely originate as emissions to the atmosphere from sources such as electricity-generating facilities (coal, oil, and natural gas), diesel- and gasoline-burning vehicles, some agricultural activities, and smokestack industries. Acid deposition is known to cause deleterious effects to sensitive ecosystems of which the Adirondack region of New York State provides several well-known and well-studied examples. This largely forested region includes abundant lakes, streams, and wetlands and possesses several landscape features that result in high ecosystem sensitivity to acid deposition. These features include bedrock that weathers slowly, steep slopes, and thin, naturally acidic soils. An ecosystem is described as sensitive to, or affected by, acid deposition if prolonged exposure to acid deposition has resulted in detrimental ecosystem effects. Soils, streams, and lakes that are less sensitive are better able to buffer acid deposition. A principal reason that acidification is a concern for resource managers is because of the changes induced in native biota and their habitat on land and in water. As the chemistry of soils and surface waters in sensitive landscapes changes in response to prolonged exposure to acid deposition, organisms that cannot tolerate high acidity, such as sugar maple trees and many species of fish and aquatic insects, may be gradually eliminated from the ecosystem. Other biota such as red spruce may experience increased stress and reduced growth rates as a result of acidification, exposing these species to increased susceptibility to disease and other natural stressors and perhaps increased mortality. The ecological effects of acid deposition have been documented by extensive research that began in the U.S. in the 1970s and continues today. This report does not provide a detailed discussion of these ecological effects, but interested readers can refer to four publications that provide good summaries of current scientific knowledge of these effects, including extensive reference to previous research in the Adirondacks (Driscoll et al. 2001, Jenkins et al. 2007, Burns et al. 2011, Sullivan 2015).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Energy Research and Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., and Sullivan, T.J., 2015, Critical loads of atmospheric deposition to Adirondack lake watersheds: A guide for policymakers, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-058091","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiv7-LktazTAhWBOyYKHWKcBasQFggiMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyserda.ny.gov%2F-%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FPublications%2FResearch%2FEnvironmental%2FCritical-Loads-Atmospheric-Deposition-Andirondack-Watersheds-Policymakers.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFsh27dS6wWmxNnFdWHul_fyLdDUA"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d440e4b0f2e20545e417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy J.","contributorId":77812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162509,"text":"70162509 - 2015 - Validation of simulated earthquake ground motions based on evolution of intensity and frequency content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T09:10:09","indexId":"70162509","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of simulated earthquake ground motions based on evolution of intensity and frequency content","docAbstract":"<p><span>Simulated earthquake ground motions can be used in many recent engineering applications that require time series as input excitations. However, applicability and validation of simulations are subjects of debate in the seismological and engineering communities. We propose a validation methodology at the waveform level and directly based on characteristics that are expected to influence most structural and geotechnical response parameters. In particular, three time-dependent validation metrics are used to evaluate the evolving intensity, frequency, and bandwidth of a waveform. These validation metrics capture nonstationarities in intensity and frequency content of waveforms, making them ideal to address nonlinear response of structural systems. A two-component error vector is proposed to quantify the average and shape differences between these validation metrics for a simulated and recorded ground-motion pair. Because these metrics are directly related to the waveform characteristics, they provide easily interpretable feedback to seismologists for modifying their ground-motion simulation models. To further simplify the use and interpretation of these metrics for engineers, it is shown how six scalar key parameters, including duration, intensity, and predominant frequency, can be extracted from the validation metrics. The proposed validation methodology is a step forward in paving the road for utilization of simulated ground motions in engineering practice and is demonstrated using examples of recorded and simulated ground motions from the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140210","usgsCitation":"Rezaeian, S., Zhong, P., Hartzell, S.H., and Zareian, F., 2015, Validation of simulated earthquake ground motions based on evolution of intensity and frequency content: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 6, p. 3036-3049, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140210.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3036","endPage":"3049","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068675","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","otherGeospatial":"Northridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.55552673339842,\n              34.20044475954112\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.55552673339842,\n              34.27651009584797\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47278594970702,\n              34.27651009584797\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47278594970702,\n              34.20044475954112\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.55552673339842,\n              34.20044475954112\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49d8e4b07ca61bfea61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893 srezaeian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":4395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","email":"srezaeian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhong, Peng","contributorId":152543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhong","given":"Peng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6641,"text":"University of California at Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zareian, Farzin","contributorId":152544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zareian","given":"Farzin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6641,"text":"University of California at Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70160692,"text":"70160692 - 2015 - PCB concentrations of lake whitefish (<I>Coregonus clupeaformis</I>) vary by sex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-05T10:00:34","indexId":"70160692","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PCB concentrations of lake whitefish (<I>Coregonus clupeaformis</I>) vary by sex","docAbstract":"<p>We determined whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in 26 female lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) and 34 male lake whitefish from northern Lake Huron. In 5 of the 26 female lake whitefish, we also determined PCB concentrations in the somatic tissue and ovaries. In addition, bioenergetics modeling was used to determine the contribution of the growth dilution effect to the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. Whole-fish PCB concentrations for females and males averaged 60&nbsp;ng/g and 80&nbsp;ng/g, respectively; thus males were 34% higher in PCB concentration compared with females. Based on the PCB determinations in the somatic tissue and ovaries, we predicted that PCB concentration of females would increase by 2.5%, on average, immediately after spawning due to release of eggs. Thus, the change in PCB concentration due to release of eggs did not explain, to any degree, the higher PCB concentrations observed in males compared with females. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that the growth dilution effect could account for males being only 0.7% higher in PCB concentration compared with females. Thus, the growth dilution effect contributed very little to the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. We conclude that males were higher than females in PCB concentration most likely due to a higher rate of energy expenditure, stemming from greater activity and a greater resting metabolic rate. A higher rate of energy expenditure leads to a higher rate of food consumption, which, in turn, leads to a higher PCB accumulation rate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.010","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Ebener, M.P., and Sepulveda, M.S., 2015, PCB concentrations of lake whitefish (<I>Coregonus clupeaformis</I>) vary by sex: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1185-1190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.010.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1185","endPage":"1190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062003","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":313145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.5240020751953,\n              45.96785634304352\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.44091796875,\n              45.832626782661556\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.144287109375,\n              45.85080395917834\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.22050476074219,\n              45.97549199391509\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.43130493164062,\n              46.00411630923806\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.46701049804688,\n              46.00411630923806\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.46083068847656,\n              45.97549199391509\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4683837890625,\n              45.97071983548312\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5068359375,\n              45.97262874820093\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5240020751953,\n              45.96785634304352\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56865fc8e4b0e7594ee74cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda, Maria S.","contributorId":60960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70169234,"text":"70169234 - 2015 - Assessment of model estimates of land-atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub> exchange across northern Eurasia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T13:40:28","indexId":"70169234","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of model estimates of land-atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub> exchange across northern Eurasia","docAbstract":"<p><span>A warming climate is altering land-atmosphere exchanges of carbon, with a potential for increased vegetation productivity as well as the mobilization of permafrost soil carbon stores. Here we investigate land-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO</span><span>2</span><span>) cycling through analysis of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and its component fluxes of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) and soil carbon residence time, simulated by a set of land surface models (LSMs) over a region spanning the drainage basin of Northern Eurasia. The retrospective simulations cover the period 1960&ndash;2009 at 0.5&deg; resolution, which is a scale common among many global carbon and climate model simulations. Model performance benchmarks were drawn from comparisons against both observed CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;fluxes derived from site-based eddy covariance measurements as well as regional-scale GPP estimates based on satellite remote-sensing data. The site-based comparisons depict a tendency for overestimates in GPP and ER for several of the models, particularly at the two sites to the south. For several models the spatial pattern in GPP explains less than half the variance in the MODIS MOD17 GPP product. Across the models NEP increases by as little as 0.01 to as much as 0.79 g C m</span><span>&minus;2</span><span>&nbsp;yr</span><span>&minus;2</span><span>, equivalent to 3 to 340 % of the respective model means, over the analysis period. For the multimodel average the increase is 135 % of the mean from the first to last 10 years of record (1960&ndash;1969 vs. 2000&ndash;2009), with a weakening CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;sink over the latter decades. Vegetation net primary productivity increased by 8 to 30 % from the first to last 10 years, contributing to soil carbon storage gains. The range in regional mean NEP among the group is twice the multimodel mean, indicative of the uncertainty in CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;sink strength. The models simulate that inputs to the soil carbon pool exceeded losses, resulting in a net soil carbon gain amid a decrease in residence time. Our analysis points to improvements in model elements controlling vegetation productivity and soil respiration as being needed for reducing uncertainty in land-atmosphere CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;exchange. These advances will require collection of new field data on vegetation and soil dynamics, the development of benchmarking data sets from measurements and remote-sensing observations, and investments in future model development and intercomparison studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-4385-2015","usgsCitation":"Rawlins, M., McGuire, A., Kimball, J., Dass, P., Lawrence, D., Burke, E., Chen, X., Delire, C., Koven, C., MacDougall, A., Peng, S., Rinke, A., Saito, K., Zhang, W., Alkama, R., Bohn, T.J., Ciais, P., Decharme, B., Gouttevin, I., Hajima, T., Ji, D., Krinner, G., Lettenmaier, D., Miller, P., Moore, J., Smith, B., and Sueyoshi, T., 2015, Assessment of model estimates of land-atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub> exchange across northern Eurasia: Biogeosciences, v. 12, no. 14, p. 4385-4405, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4385-2015.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"4385","endPage":"4405","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059953","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4385-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Eurasia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.68242645263672,\n              46.13036330589103\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.68242645263672,\n              46.150107913663334\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.65873718261719,\n              46.150107913663334\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.65873718261719,\n              46.13036330589103\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.68242645263672,\n              46.13036330589103\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.73096370697021,\n              45.77300107536654\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.73096370697021,\n              45.78153149170592\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71843242645264,\n              45.78153149170592\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71843242645264,\n              45.77300107536654\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.73096370697021,\n              45.77300107536654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              5.9765625,\n              51.39920565355378\n            ],\n            [\n              5.9765625,\n              77.38950400539731\n            ],\n            [\n              180.35156249999997,\n              77.38950400539731\n            ],\n            [\n              180.35156249999997,\n              51.39920565355378\n            ],\n            [\n              5.9765625,\n              51.39920565355378\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fb0e4b0f59b85e1ea97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawlins, M.A.","contributorId":73445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawlins","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. 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,{"id":70169076,"text":"70169076 - 2015 - The importance of considering shifts in seasonal changes in discharges when predicting future phosphorus loads in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T12:37:34","indexId":"70169076","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of considering shifts in seasonal changes in discharges when predicting future phosphorus loads in streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this work, we hypothesize that phosphorus (P) concentrations in streams vary seasonally and with streamflow and that it is important to incorporate this variation when predicting changes in P loading associated with climate change. Our study area includes 14 watersheds with a range of land uses throughout the U.S. Great Lakes Basin. We develop annual seasonal load-discharge regression models for each watershed and apply these models with simulated discharges generated for future climate scenarios to simulate future P loading patterns for two periods: 2046&ndash;2065 and 2081&ndash;2100. We utilize output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 downscaled climate change projections that are input into the Large Basin Runoff Model to generate future discharge scenarios, which are in turn used as inputs to the seasonal P load regression models. In almost all cases, the seasonal load-discharge models match observed loads better than the annual models. Results using the seasonal models show that the concurrence of nonlinearity in the load-discharge model and changes in high discharges in the spring months leads to the most significant changes in P loading for selected tributaries under future climate projections. These results emphasize the importance of using seasonal models to understand the effects of future climate change on nutrient loads.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-015-0149-5","usgsCitation":"LaBeau, M.B., Mayer, A.S., Griffis, V., Watkins, D., Robertson, D.M., and Gyawali, R., 2015, The importance of considering shifts in seasonal changes in discharges when predicting future phosphorus loads in streams: Biogeochemistry, v. 126, no. 1-2, p. 153-172, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0149-5.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065192","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2ffe4b07dd077c6ad8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBeau, Meredith B.","contributorId":52897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBeau","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Alex S.","contributorId":81028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffis, Veronica","contributorId":167586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffis","given":"Veronica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watkins, David Jr.","contributorId":167587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkins","given":"David Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gyawali, Rabi","contributorId":167588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gyawali","given":"Rabi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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