Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
Improving water quality of Cheney Reservoir in south-central Kansas is an important objective of State and local water managers. The reservoir serves as a water supply for about 350,00 people in the Wichita area and an important recreational resource for the area. In 1992, a task force was formed to study and prepare a plan to identify and mitigate potential sources of stream contamination in the Cheney Reservoir watershed. This task force was established to develop stream-water-quality goals to aid in the development and implementation of best-management practices in the watershed. In 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey entered into a cooperative study with the city of Wichita to assess the water quality in the Cheney Reservoir watershed. Water-quality constituents of particular concern in the Cheney Reservoir watershed are phosphorus, nitrate, and total suspended solids. Water-quality samples were collected at five streamflow-gaging sites upstream from the reservoir and at the outflow of the reservoir. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a 4-year (1997-2000) data-collection effort to quantify the occurrence of phosphorus, nitrate, and suspended solids during base-flow, runoff, and long-term streamflow conditions (all available data for 1997-2000) and to compare these results to stream-water-quality goals established by the Cheney Reservoir Task Force.
Mean concentrations of each of the constituents examined during this study exceeded the Cheney Reservoir Task Force stream-water-quality goal for at least one of the streamflow conditions evaluated. Most notably, mean base-flow and mean long-term concentrations of total phosphorus and mean base-flow concentrations of dissolved nitrate exceeded the goals of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.25 milligram per liter, respectively, at all five sampling sites upstream from the reservoir. Additionally, the long-term stream-water-quality goal for dissolved nitrate was exceeded by the mean concentration at one upstream sampling site, and the base-flow total suspended solids goal (20 milligrams per liter) and long-term total suspended solids goal (100 milligrams per liter) were each exceeded by mean concentrations at three upstream sampling sites. Generally, it seems unlikely that water-quality goals for streams in the Cheney Reservoir watershed will be attainable for mean base-flow and mean long-term total phosphorus and total suspended solids concentrations and for mean base-flow dissolved nitrate concentrations as long as current (2001) watershed conditions and practices persist. However, future changes in these conditions and practices that mitigate the transport of these consitutents may modify this conclusion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Milligan, C.R., and Pope, L.M., 2001, Occurrence of phosphorus, nitrate, and suspended solids in streams of the Cheney Reservoir Watershed, south-central Kansas, 1997–2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4199, Report: iv, 18 p.; Additional Report Piece, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014199.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; Additional Report Piece","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360170,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4199/wrir20014199.pdf","text":"Report","size":"101 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U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
A steady-state finite difference model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in four regional aquifers in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. The Glaciofluvial, Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall aquifers were simulated as layers 1 through 4, respectively, in the model. Separately calculated vertical conductances input to the model were used to simulate the intervening Till/“Red Beds”, Saginaw, and Michigan confining units, respectively. The model domain was laterally bound by a continuous specifiedhead boundary, formed from Lakes Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, together with the St. Clair and Detroit River connecting channels.
The model was developed to quantify regional ground-water flow in the aquifer systems using independently determined recharge estimates. The flow model showed that groundwater heads and flows in the Glaciofluvial aquifer are controlled by local stream stages and discharges, resulting in localized flow cells accounting for 95-percent of the overall model water budget. Simulation of recharge to an unspecified water table also enabled the estimation of ground-water discharge to three Great Lakes.
A computer diskette contains all MODFLOW and MODFLOWP input files, as well as digital model surfaces and several Fortran processing routines used to construct the surfaces. The diskette also provides the data used for calibration and sensitivity analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00504","usgsCitation":"Hoaglund, J.R., Huffman, G., and Granneman, N., 2000, Simulation of ground water flow in the Glaciofluvial, Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall Aquifers, Central Lower Peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-504, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00504.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392379,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0504/ofr00504.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-504"},{"id":176862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0504/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall Aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.3525390625,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -83.3203125,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -83.3203125,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -86.3525390625,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -86.3525390625,\n 42.13082130188811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoaglund, John Robert III","contributorId":13685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoaglund","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, G.C.","contributorId":44150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Granneman, N.J.","contributorId":32978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granneman","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038037,"text":"70038037 - 2000 - U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T14:41:37.42066","indexId":"70038037","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-19T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is an impartial scientific organization that strives to produce scientific results that are relevant to the people of the United States and their land and resource managers. USGS does not improve the quality of its customers' lives; it provides the informational tools for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and other customers to understand and improve their own lives.
In cooperation with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, the USGS conducts research on water and mineral resources, animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance, natural hazards, and geologic resources. Digital data on cartography, mineral resources, stream flows, biota, and other data sets are available to American Indian and Alaska Native institutions. The USGS recognizes the need to learn from and share knowledge with Native peoples. This report describes most of the activities that the USGS conducted with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during Federal Fiscal Year 2000. Some of these USGS activities were conducted in concert with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Others were conducted by Tribes and the USGS.
In the year 2000, the USGS began examining its activities related to American Indians and Native Alaskans to determine how it can better serve these customers within its mandates. More Tribal governments, educational institutions, and other Tribal organizations are using geographic information systems and other digital technologies in recent years. As Tribes become more interested and more adept at managing digital information, they are seeking such data from the USGS with greater frequency. The increasing use of such technologies allows Tribal governments additional means of managing lands and resources for the benefit of current and future generations. The USGS recognizes the need to make its information available to Tribal governments, and to work with those governments and other institutions to advance data management capabilities.
The USGS is responding to this need by increasing the transfer of scientific information to American Indian and Alaska Native governments and by training employees of these governments to conduct and improve scientific studies. The USGS is also encouraging American Indians and Alaska Natives to pursue careers in science, and seeking ways to hire Indian and Native students. By identifying, improving, and disseminating information about available hiring mechanisms, the USGS is working to make hiring such students easier, and therefore more likely, for USGS managers.
The U.S. Geological Survey is the Federal science bureau within the Department of the Interior (DoI). The USGS is non-regulatory and is not a significant manager of Federal or Trust lands or assets. However, there are two types of USGS activities that do involve American Indians, Alaska Natives, and their lands. The first type of activity is the course of formal studies, conducted through existing USGS programs, that involve collection of specific types of data as well as investigative and research projects. These projects have a duration of two or three years, although a few are parts of longer-term activities. Some are funded through cooperative agreements or reimbursable accounts, from monies provided to the USGS by individual Tribal governments or by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The USGS provides matching funds for cooperative projects. These formal projects may also receive funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Indian Health Service (part of the Department of Health and Human Services), or other Federal agencies. The USGS routinely works with its sister bureaus in the Department of the Interior to provide the scientific information and expertise needed to meet the Department's science priorities. Within this context, the USGS and the Bureau of Indian Affairs are cooperating to use USGS knowledge for the benefit of American Indian and Native peoples and their lands.
The second type of USGS activity is less formal, based on initiatives designed and conducted by USGS employees. Frequently involving educational activities, these endeavors are prompted by employee interests, often as collateral issues, that result from an individual or group of USGS employees identifying and responding to an observed need. In these activities, USGS employees help us fulfill a mission of the USGS, to make science relevant, while helping their fellow citizens. USGS employees have also taken the initiative to assist American Indians and Alaska Natives through participation in several organizations that were created to foster knowledge of science among Native peoples and to help build support and communication networks. One such group is the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES). This group sponsors an annual national meeting in which USGS employees participate. USGS employees join this organization on a voluntary basis, paying the costs themselves, yet bringing the benefits of this expanded network to the USGS, as many employees do with other professional organizations.
Each part of the USGS has identified an American Indian/Alaska Native liaison. As USGS moves to a more regional organizational structure, it will establish contacts in the Western, Central, and Eastern Regions. Within the USGS, this report will help in developing outreach, educational, and program documents for use in future years. It is hoped that USGS employees, American Indians, and Alaska Natives will adapt these activities in new areas and will use the USGS contacts to expand the relevance of the USGS to more Americans.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038037","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000, xi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038037.","productDescription":"xi, 57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038037/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba52e4b08c986b3280e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70231299,"text":"70231299 - 2000 - Integration of a numerical model and remotely sensed data to study urban/rural land surface climate processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T15:58:48.077773","indexId":"70231299","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-20T10:53:14","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of a numerical model and remotely sensed data to study urban/rural land surface climate processes","docAbstract":"Simulation of urban/rural land surface climate processes using boundary layer climate models requires accurate input data with regard to surface thermal and radiative properties. The research reported here resulted in development of a procedure to integrate the satellite-derived surface biophysical parameters with a boundary layer climate model for simulating spatial surface energy exchange.
The procedure was tested through spatial surface energy balance simulation of an urban/rural landscape in eastern Nebraska. The modeled surface temperature and net radiation were compared to those derived from the concurrent satellite data. The errors of the modeled surface temperature were small, and were mainly attributed to uncertainties in the estimation of surface moisture availability and satellite-derived surface radiant temperature. Modeled net radiation was also in agreement with the values calculated from satellite data. Modeled turbulent heat fluxes were in general agreement as compared to those reported in the literature, but the model tended to overestimate the latent heat flux for most rural land cover types. It was concluded that by incorporation of satellite-derived surface physical parameters into a boundary layer model, simulation of spatial land surface climate processes was much improved. The method and procedures developed from this study can be utilized in other boundary layer climate models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(99)00124-7","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., 2000, Integration of a numerical model and remotely sensed data to study urban/rural land surface climate processes: Computers & Geosciences, v. 26, no. 4, p. 451-468, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(99)00124-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","city":"Lincoln, Omaha","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.97357177734375,\n 40.69521661351714\n ],\n [\n -95.82824707031249,\n 40.69521661351714\n ],\n [\n -95.82824707031249,\n 41.498292501398545\n ],\n [\n -96.97357177734375,\n 41.498292501398545\n ],\n [\n -96.97357177734375,\n 40.69521661351714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206367,"text":"70206367 - 2000 - Borehole-wall imaging with acoustic and optical televiewers for fractured-bedrock aquifer investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-31T09:39:58","indexId":"70206367","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-31T09:35:21","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Borehole-wall imaging with acoustic and optical televiewers for fractured-bedrock aquifer investigations","docAbstract":"Imaging with acoustic and optical televiewers results in continuous and oriented 360 degree views of the borehole wall from which the character and orientation of lithologic and structural features can be defined for fractured-bedrock aquifer investigations. Fractures are more clearly defined under a wider range of conditions on acoustic images than on optical images including dark-colored rocks, cloudy borehole water, and coated borehole walls. However, optical images allow for the direct viewing of the character of and relation between lithology, fractures, foliation, and bedding. The most powerful approach is the combined application of acoustic and optical imaging with integrated interpretation. Borehole-wall imaging provides information useful for the collection and interpretation of flowmeter and other geophysical logs, core samples, and hydraulic and water-quality data from packer testing and monitoring.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the seventh international symposium on borehole geophysics for minerals, geotechnical, and groundwater applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Symposium on Borehole Geophysics for Minerals, Geotechnical, and Groundwater Applications","conferenceDate":"October 24-26, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Professional Well Log Analysts","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Johnson, C.D., 2000, Borehole-wall imaging with acoustic and optical televiewers for fractured-bedrock aquifer investigations, in Proceedings of the seventh international symposium on borehole geophysics for minerals, geotechnical, and groundwater applications, Golden, CO, October 24-26, 2000, p. 43-53.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/mgls2000/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182118,"text":"70182118 - 2000 - Measurement of 1999 drought conditions in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T15:55:15","indexId":"70182118","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurement of 1999 drought conditions in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Accurate and reliable water-resources data collected during drought conditions are critical to regulatory agencies such as the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ). Droughts have affected Mississippi during 1940-44, 1951-57, 1962-71, 1980-82 and 1983-88. In late summer and early autumn 1999, many areas of Mississippi experienced near record drought conditions causing concern to many private and public interests. Personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the MDEQ Office of Land and Water Resources (MDEQ-OLWR) measured water levels and streamflows throughout the State of Mississippi during drought conditions in August through October 1999. Droughts are normal, recurring hydrological events caused by deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time that can have adverse effects on anthropogenic use of water. Much of the State of Mississippi has continued to experience drought conditions through late winter of 2000. Data on minimum streamflows are an important factor for determining the regulation of flow control structures, effluent discharge, and surface water withdrawals and other water-management decisions during droughts. Data on minimum streamflows become paramount during drought conditions. This report presents information related to the legal aspects of drought conditions and includes selected data collected at streamgages affected by severe drought conditions in Mississippi during the late summer and early autumn of 1999. Comparisons of low-flow characteristics at selected streamgages to other period-of-record low-flows at selected gages in the State are also presented.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the thirtieth Mississippi Water Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"30th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"April 18-19, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Raymond, MS","language":"English","publisher":"Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute, Mississippi State University","doi":"10.13140/2.1.3215.4246","usgsCitation":"Turnipseed, D.P., and Long, L.G., 2000, Measurement of 1999 drought conditions in Mississippi, in Proceedings of the thirtieth Mississippi Water Resources Conference, Raymond, MS, April 18-19, 2000, https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3215.4246.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83de4b025c4642862f0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ballweber, Jeffery A.","contributorId":181569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballweber","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730127,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Loyd G.","contributorId":181820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176057,"text":"ofr00065 - 2000 - Creating a standardized watersheds database for the Lower Rio Grande/Río Bravo, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T12:06:18","indexId":"ofr00065","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"00-065","title":"Creating a standardized watersheds database for the Lower Rio Grande/Río Bravo, Texas","docAbstract":"This report describes the creation of a large-scale watershed database for the lower Rio Grande/Río Bravo Basin in Texas. The watershed database includes watersheds delineated to all 1:24,000-scale mapped stream confluences and other hydrologically significant points, selected watershed characteristics, and hydrologic derivative datasets.
Computer technology allows generation of preliminary watershed boundaries in a fraction of the time needed for manual methods. This automated process reduces development time and results in quality improvements in watershed boundaries and characteristics. These data can then be compiled in a permanent database, eliminating the time-consuming step of data creation at the beginning of a project and providing a stable base dataset that can give users greater confidence when further subdividing watersheds.
A standardized dataset of watershed characteristics is a valuable contribution to the understanding and management of natural resources. Vertical integration of the input datasets used to automatically generate watershed boundaries is crucial to the success of such an effort. The optimum situation would be to use the digital orthophoto quadrangles as the source of all the input datasets. While the hydrographic data from the digital line graphs can be revised to match the digital orthophoto quadrangles, hypsography data cannot be revised to match the digital orthophoto quadrangles. Revised hydrography from the digital orthophoto quadrangle should be used to create an updated digital elevation model that incorporates the stream channels as revised from the digital orthophoto quadrangle. Computer-generated, standardized watersheds that are vertically integrated with existing digital line graph hydrographic data will continue to be difficult to create until revisions can be made to existing source datasets. Until such time, manual editing will be necessary to make adjustments for man-made features and changes in the natural landscape that are not reflected in the digital elevation model data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00065","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., Ulery, R.L., and Parcher, J.W., 2000, Creating a standardized watersheds database for the Lower Rio Grande/Río Bravo, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-065, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00065.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327796,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-065/00-065.pdf","text":"Creating a Standardized Watersheds Database for the Lower Rio Grande/ Río Bravo, Texas","size":"528 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Creating a Standardized Watersheds Database for the Lower Rio Grande/ Río Bravo, Texas"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Webb","city":"Rio Bravo","otherGeospatial":"Lower Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.50325965881348,\n 27.362391688477363\n ],\n [\n -99.50325965881348,\n 27.366889032381295\n ],\n [\n -99.45948600769043,\n 27.366889032381295\n ],\n [\n -99.45948600769043,\n 27.362391688477363\n ],\n [\n -99.50325965881348,\n 27.362391688477363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"CONTENTS
","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6af00e4b0f2f0cebe46f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J.R.","contributorId":56872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulery, Randy L. rlulery@usgs.gov","contributorId":4679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulery","given":"Randy","email":"rlulery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":646964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parcher, Jean W. jwparcher@usgs.gov","contributorId":2209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcher","given":"Jean","email":"jwparcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":646965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170441,"text":"70170441 - 2000 - Effects of food limitation and emigration on self-thinning in experimental minnow cohorts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T15:11:32","indexId":"70170441","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of food limitation and emigration on self-thinning in experimental minnow cohorts","docAbstract":"Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Acknowledgments
Background
Watershed-Boundary Delineation
Standardized Watershed Classification
Watershed Characteristics
Topographic Datasets
Methods Used to Create a Standardized Watersheds Database
Source Datasets
DEM Processing—Creation of Hydrologic Derivatives
Watershed Delineation
Revision of the Hydrography
Computer-Generated Watershed Delineations
Review of Computer-Generated Watershed Delineations and
Manual DelineationsWatershed Region Coverage
Watershed Characteristics
Conflation of RF3 Attributes
Extending Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) to 12 Digits
Conclusions
Selected References
Appendix - Watershed Characteristic Computations
1. The theory of food-regulated self-thinning (FST) for mobile animals predicts population density (N) to be an inverse function of mean body mass (W) scaled to an exponent (b), such that N = k W−b, where k is a constant. FST also predicts energy requirements (or energy flow) to remain constant over time (termed energetic equivalence) as losses to cohorts (e.g. emigration and mortality) are balanced by increased growth of surviving individuals.
\n2. To test these predictions, we analysed the dynamics of six experimental minnow cohorts. Replicate populations of fish were held under identical conditions with a constant and limited supply of food over a 126-day period. Half of the cohorts were open to emigration, and half were closed so that fish could only be lost through starvation mortality.
\n3. Patterns of self-thinning indicated non-linear changes in population density and energy flow in relation to changes in mean body mass and time, respectively. Non-linear patterns of self-thinning were probably due to a delayed growth response to changes in population density effected through mortality and/or emigration. Contrary to results of similar experiments on other fish, emigration did not have a significant influence on the pattern of self-thinning.
\n4. These results may be attributed to trophic interactions within cohorts and the importance of social behaviour to cohort dynamics. Both population density and energy flow in our experimental populations appeared to cycle, with episodes of starvation and mortality alternating with food recovery and weight gain, as predicted by recent models of stepwise die-off and stunted growth in animal cohorts.
\n5. Most of the support for FST in mobile animals comes from observational data on mean body mass and population density. Potentially important mechanisms, including the manner in which individuals are lost or retained in populations, are usually not investigated directly. Such tests of FST can only provide equivocal support. Detailed observational study and controlled experiments are needed to understand casual mechanisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2000.00451.x","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Dickerson, B.R., Beever, E., Duncan, R.D., and Vinyard, G., 2000, Effects of food limitation and emigration on self-thinning in experimental minnow cohorts: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 69, no. 6, p. 927-934, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2000.00451.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"927","endPage":"934","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"69","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a83ee4b0ef3b7caba533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerson, B. R.","contributorId":168770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickerson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beever, E.","contributorId":168771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beever","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duncan, R. D.","contributorId":168772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vinyard, G.L.","contributorId":59388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinyard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}