Climate envelope models are widely used to describe potential future distribution of species under different climate change scenarios. It is broadly recognized that there are both strengths and limitations to using climate envelope models and that outcomes are sensitive to initial assumptions, inputs, and modeling methods Selection of predictor variables, a central step in modeling, is one of the areas where different techniques can yield varying results. Selection of climate variables to use as predictors is often done using statistical approaches that develop correlations between occurrences and climate data. These approaches have received criticism in that they rely on the statistical properties of the data rather than directly incorporating biological information about species responses to temperature and precipitation. We evaluated and compared models and prediction maps for 15 threatened or endangered species in Florida based on two variable selection techniques: expert opinion and a statistical method. We compared model performance between these two approaches for contemporary predictions, and the spatial correlation, spatial overlap and area predicted for contemporary and future climate predictions. In general, experts identified more variables as being important than the statistical method and there was low overlap in the variable sets (<40%) between the two methods Despite these differences in variable sets (expert versus statistical), models had high performance metrics (>0.9 for area under the curve (AUC) and >0.7 for true skill statistic (TSS). Spatial overlap, which compares the spatial configuration between maps constructed using the different variable selection techniques, was only moderate overall (about 60%), with a great deal of variability across species. Difference in spatial overlap was even greater under future climate projections, indicating additional divergence of model outputs from different variable selection techniques. Our work is in agreement with other studies which have found that for broad-scale species distribution modeling, using statistical methods of variable selection is a useful first step, especially when there is a need to model a large number of species or expert knowledge of the species is limited. Expert input can then be used to refine models that seem unrealistic or for species that experts believe are particularly sensitive to change. It also emphasizes the importance of using multiple models to reduce uncertainty and improve map outputs for conservation planning. Where outputs overlap or show the same direction of change there is greater certainty in the predictions. Areas of disagreement can be used for learning by asking why the models do not agree, and may highlight areas where additional on-the-ground data collection could improve the models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.11.016","usgsCitation":"Brandt, L.A., Benscoter, A., Harvey, R.G., Speroterra, C., Bucklin, D., Romanach, S.S., Watling, J.I., and Mazzotti, F., 2017, Comparison of climate envelope models developed using expert-selected variables versus statistical selection: Ecological Modelling, v. 345, p. 10-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.11.016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-079574","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J101BT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for comparison of climate envelope models developed using expert-selected variables versus statistical selection"},{"id":334065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"345","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1976e4b0ad67323f97de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":146646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benscoter, Allison 0000-0003-4205-3808 abenscoter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4205-3808","contributorId":178750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benscoter","given":"Allison","email":"abenscoter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Rebecca G.","contributorId":149719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12558,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Speroterra, Carolina","contributorId":178751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Speroterra","given":"Carolina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bucklin, David N.","contributorId":58963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucklin","given":"David N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romanach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":140419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanach","given":"Stephanie","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watling, James I.","contributorId":175275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watling","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":27555,"text":"John Carroll University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":12358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12604,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70180205,"text":"70180205 - 2017 - A carbon balance model for the great dismal swamp ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T10:30:06","indexId":"70180205","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1183,"text":"Carbon Balance and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A carbon balance model for the great dismal swamp ecosystem","docAbstract":"Carbon storage potential has become an important consideration for land management and planning in the United States. The ability to assess ecosystem carbon balance can help land managers understand the benefits and tradeoffs between different management strategies. This paper demonstrates an application of the Land Use and Carbon Scenario Simulator (LUCAS) model developed for local-scale land management at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. We estimate the net ecosystem carbon balance by considering past ecosystem disturbances resulting from storm damage, fire, and land management actions including hydrologic inundation, vegetation clearing, and replanting.
We modeled the annual ecosystem carbon stock and flow rates for the 30-year historic time period of 1985–2015, using age-structured forest growth curves and known data for disturbance events and management activities. The 30-year total net ecosystem production was estimated to be a net sink of 0.97 Tg C. When a hurricane and six historic fire events were considered in the simulation, the Great Dismal Swamp became a net source of 0.89 Tg C. The cumulative above and below-ground carbon loss estimated from the South One and Lateral West fire events totaled 1.70 Tg C, while management activities removed an additional 0.01 Tg C. The carbon loss in below-ground biomass alone totaled 1.38 Tg C, with the balance (0.31 Tg C) coming from above-ground biomass and detritus.
Natural disturbances substantially impact net ecosystem carbon balance in the Great Dismal Swamp. Through alternative management actions such as re-wetting, below-ground biomass loss may have been avoided, resulting in the added carbon storage capacity of 1.38 Tg. Based on two model assumptions used to simulate the peat system, (a burn scar totaling 70 cm in depth, and the soil carbon accumulation rate of 0.36 t C/ha−1/year−1 for Atlantic white cedar), the total soil carbon loss from the South One and Lateral West fires would take approximately 1740 years to re-amass. Due to the impractical time horizon this presents for land managers, this particular loss is considered permanent. Going forward, the baseline carbon stock and flow parameters presented here will be used as reference conditions to model future scenarios of land management and disturbance.
The United States Northern Great Plains (NGP) has a high potential for landscape-scale conservation, but this grassland landscape is threatened by encroachment of woody species. We surveyed NGP land managers to identify patterns in, and illustrate a broad range of, individual managers' perceptions on (1) the threat of woody encroachment to grasslands they manage, and (2) what management practices they use that may influence woody encroachment in this region. In the 34 surveys returned, which came from predominantly public lands in the study area, 79% of responses reported moderate or substantial woody encroachment. Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) and Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) were the most problematic encroachers. Thirty-one survey respondents said that prescribed fire was used on the lands they manage, and 64% of these responses reported that controlling woody encroachment was a fire management objective. However, only 18% of survey respondents using prescribed fire were achieving their desired fire return interval. Most respondents reported using mechanical and/or chemical methods to control woody species. In contrast to evidence from the central and southern Great Plains, few survey respondents viewed grazing as affecting encroachment. Although the NGP public land managers we surveyed clearly recognize woody encroachment as a problem and are taking steps to address it, many feel that the rate of their management is not keeping pace with the rate of encroachment. Developing strategies for effective woody plant control in a variety of NGP management contexts requires filling ecological science gaps and overcoming societal barriers to using prescribed fire.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/043.037.0114","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A.J., and Leis, S.A., 2017, Woody encroachment in northern Great Plains grasslands: Perceptions, actions, and needs: Natural Areas Journal, v. 37, no. 1, p. 118-127, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.037.0114.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-064186","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3375/043.037.0114","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c799e4b0ba3b075e05d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":147543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leis, Sherry A.","contributorId":178699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leis","given":"Sherry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192286,"text":"70192286 - 2017 - In memoriam - William Toshio (Tosh) Yasutake, 1922-2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T09:47:37","indexId":"70192286","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In memoriam - William Toshio (Tosh) Yasutake, 1922-2016","docAbstract":"William Toshio (Tosh) Yasutake, 1922-2016 passed away peacefully at home on December 12, 2016, at the age of 94. He is survived by Fumi, his wife of 66 years, as well as four children and six grandchildren. With his death, the fish health community has lost an outstanding scientist as well as a kind, unassuming, and wonderful human being.
Tosh was born on June 10, 1922, in Seattle, Washington, to Jack and Hide Yasutake. He was in his first year of studies at the University of Washington when Pearl Harbor was attacked by Imperial Japan on December 7, 1941. Following the attack, Tosh and his family (father, mother, sister, and two brothers) were among the 110,000–120,000 people of Japanese ancestry who were forced from their homes on the Pacific coast and incarcerated in internment camps in the interior. In June 1942, Tosh enlisted in the U.S. Army, serving as an unarmed combat medic in the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team, the most decorated unit for its size and length of service in the history of American warfare. Wounded in October 1944 during the Vosges Mountains campaign near Bruyères, France, Tosh was evacuated and missed the ensuing battle to rescue the “Lost Battalion,” at which his replacement was killed. Tosh returned to action in Italy in February 1945 and served until the end of the war in Europe, earning both a Purple Heart and a Bronze Star for bravery. In October 2010, the Congressional Gold Medal was awarded to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and in 2012 the surviving members were made chevaliers of the French Légion d’Honneur for actions contributing to the liberation of France in World War II.
After the war, Tosh returned to the University of Washington on the GI Bill and received a B.S. degree in zoology in 1951. In 1953 he began his research career at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory at Cook, Washington, where he conducted pioneering research on nutritional fish diseases with John Halver. Tosh was one of the first to recognize hepatomas in hatchery-reared Rainbow Trout and helped to trace the disease to an aflatoxin produced by the mold Aspergillus flavis, which grew during the storage of ingredients for fish diets. In 1960, he transferred to the Western Fisheries Research Center (WFRC) in Seattle (then called the Western Fish Disease Laboratory) to start a fish pathology diagnostic laboratory. There he described the histopathology of diseases of economically important fishes, identified etiologic agents, and worked with hatchery biologists to improve the health, quality, and survival of salmonids released from federal and state hatcheries. Tosh was instrumental in recognizing that the viruses of Oregon sockeye disease and Chinook Salmon virus disease were one entity and in giving the disease its present name: infectious hematopoietic necrosis. In recognition of his pioneering research, Tosh was awarded a doctorate in fish pathology by the University of Tokyo in 1980, the first American to have been so honored. In 1983, he published his classic textbook The Microscopic Anatomy of Salmonids: An Atlas, which quickly became a standard reference work in fish pathology and is still in wide use today. For his outstanding career achievements, in 1987 Tosh received the S. F. Snieszko Distinguished Service Award, the highest honor bestowed by the American Fisheries Society’s Fish Health Section (AFS–FHS). Tosh retired in 1988 but continued his research at the WFRC as a senior scientist emeritus, providing technical assistance to federal and state agencies and to the aquaculture industry worldwide. His culminating project was to digitize his lifetime collection of photomicrographs and prepare an atlas, “Histopathology of Selected Parasitic Salmonid Diseases: A Color Atlas,” that is now posted on the Web sites of the WFRC and the AFS–FHS. Although his presence will be sorely missed, his research contributions have become part of the foundation of today’s knowledge of fisheries biology and have assured him a place in history.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/08997659.2017.1295674","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D.G., and Winton, J., 2017, In memoriam - William Toshio (Tosh) Yasutake, 1922-2016: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 29, no. 1, p. 57-58, https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2017.1295674.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-084526","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05123e4b0220bbd9a1da3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winton, James R. jwinton@usgs.gov","contributorId":127569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James R.","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180019,"text":"70180019 - 2017 - Seventy-five years of vegetation treatments on public rangelands in the Great Basin of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:00:56","indexId":"70180019","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seventy-five years of vegetation treatments on public rangelands in the Great Basin of North America","docAbstract":"Rock-detention structures are used as restoration treatments to engineer ephemeral stream channels of southeast Arizona, USA, to reduce streamflow velocity, limit erosion, retain sediment, and promote surface-water infiltration. Structures are intended to aggrade incised stream channels, yet little quantified evidence of efficacy is available. The goal of this 3-year study was to characterize the geomorphic impacts of rock-detention structures used as a restoration strategy and develop a methodology to predict the associated changes. We studied reaches of two ephemeral streams with different watershed management histories: one where thousands of loose-rock check dams were installed 30 years prior to our study, and one with structures constructed at the beginning of our study. The methods used included runoff, sediment transport, and geomorphic modelling and repeat terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) surveys to map landscape change. Where discharge data were not available, event-based runoff was estimated using KINEROS2, a one-dimensional kinematic-wave runoff and erosion model. Discharge measurements and estimates were used as input to a two-dimensional unsteady flow-and-sedimentation model (Nays2DH) that combined a gridded flow, transport, and bed and bank simulation with geomorphic change. Through comparison of consecutive DEMs, the potential to substitute uncalibrated models to analyze stream restoration is introduced. We demonstrate a new approach to assess hydraulics and associated patterns of aggradation and degradation resulting from the construction of check-dams and other transverse structures. Notably, we find that stream restoration using rock-detention structures is effective across vastly different timescales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.017","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., Sankey, J.B., Dean, D.J., Caster, J.J., DeLong, S.B., Henderson-DeLong, W., and Pelletier, J.D., 2017, Quantifying geomorphic change at ephemeral stream restoration sites using a coupled-model approach: Geomorphology, v. 283, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.017.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-078626","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Bone Creek subwatershed, Turkey Pen subwatershed","geographicExtents":"{\n 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb13ae4b01ccd54f9ee14","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.017","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.017","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Norman Laura M., Sankey Joel B., Dean David, Caster Joshua, DeLong Stephen, DeLong Whitney, Pelletier Jon D.","journalName":"Geomorphology","publicationDate":"4/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"1/20/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, David J. 0000-0003-0203-088X djdean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-088X","contributorId":131047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"David","email":"djdean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caster, Joshua J. 0000-0002-2858-1228 jcaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-1228","contributorId":131114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henderson-DeLong, Whitney","contributorId":182018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson-DeLong","given":"Whitney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pelletier, Jon D.","contributorId":22657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelletier","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179869,"text":"70179869 - 2017 - Using groundwater age distributions to understand changes in methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) concentrations in ambient groundwater, northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T08:36:53","indexId":"70179869","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using groundwater age distributions to understand changes in methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) concentrations in ambient groundwater, northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Temporal changes in methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) concentrations in groundwater were evaluated in the northeastern United States, an area of the nation with widespread low-level detections of MtBE based on a national survey of wells selected to represent ambient conditions. MtBE use in the U.S. peaked in 1999 and was largely discontinued by 2007. Six well networks, each representing specific areas and well types (monitoring or supply wells), were each sampled at 10 year intervals between 1996 and 2012. Concentrations were decreasing or unchanged in most wells as of 2012, with the exception of a small number of wells where concentrations continue to increase. Statistically significant increasing concentrations were found in one network sampled for the second time shortly after the peak of MtBE use, and decreasing concentrations were found in two networks sampled for the second time about 10 years after the peak of MtBE use. Simulated concentrations from convolutions of estimates for concentrations of MtBE in recharge water with age distributions from environmental tracer data correctly predicted the direction of MtBE concentration changes in about 65 percent of individual wells. The best matches between simulated and observed concentrations were found when simulating recharge concentrations that followed the pattern of national MtBE use. Some observations were matched better when recharge was modeled as a plume moving past the well from a spill at one point in time. Modeling and sample results showed that wells with young median ages and narrow age distributions responded more quickly to changes in the contaminant source than wells with older median ages and broad age distributions. Well depth and aquifer type affect these responses. Regardless of the timing of decontamination, all of these aquifers show high susceptibility for contamination by a highly soluble, persistent constituent.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.058","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B.D., Ayotte, J.D., Jurgens, B.C., and DeSimone, L., 2017, Using groundwater age distributions to understand changes in methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) concentrations in ambient groundwater, northeastern United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 579, p. 579-587, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.058.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"587","ipdsId":"IP-072310","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.058","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.817626953125,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -70.609130859375,\n 41.74672584176937\n ],\n [\n -70.477294921875,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -70.59814453125,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -70.38940429687499,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -68.763427734375,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -69.114990234375,\n 45.48324350868221\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 45.390735154248894\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -72.147216796875,\n 42.73894375124377\n ],\n [\n -71.817626953125,\n 41.29431726315258\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -74.234619140625,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -73.970947265625,\n 40.153686857794035\n ],\n [\n -74.59716796875,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -75.421142578125,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 39.155622393423215\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -74.937744140625,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -75.025634765625,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -75.025634765625,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 38.90813299596705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 40.04023218690451\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 40.58475654701271\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 40.58475654701271\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 40.04023218690451\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 40.04023218690451\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"579","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881ded1e4b01192927d9f65","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.058","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.058","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Lindsey Bruce D., Ayotte Joseph D., Jurgens Bryant C., Desimone Leslie A.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"2/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":175346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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2017 - Projected impacts of climate, urbanization, water management, and wetland restoration on waterbird habitat in California’s Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T13:32:47","indexId":"70179846","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected impacts of climate, urbanization, water management, and wetland restoration on waterbird habitat in California’s Central Valley","docAbstract":"The Central Valley of California is one of the most important regions for wintering waterbirds in North America despite extensive anthropogenic landscape modification and decline of historical wetlands there. Like many other mediterranean-climate ecosystems across the globe, the Central Valley has been subject to a burgeoning human population and expansion and intensification of agricultural and urban development that have impacted wildlife habitats. Future effects of urban development, changes in water supply management, and precipitation and air temperature related to global climate change on area of waterbird habitat in the Central Valley are uncertain, yet potentially substantial. Therefore, we modeled area of waterbird habitats for 17 climate, urbanization, water supply management, and wetland restoration scenarios for years 2006–2099 using a water resources and scenario modeling framework. Planned wetland restoration largely compensated for adverse effects of climate, urbanization, and water supply management changes on habitat areas through 2065, but fell short thereafter for all except one scenario. Projected habitat reductions due to climate models were more frequent and greater than under the recent historical climate and their magnitude increased through time. After 2065, area of waterbird habitat in all scenarios that included severe warmer, drier climate was projected to be >15% less than in the “existing” landscape most years. The greatest reduction in waterbird habitat occurred in scenarios that combined warmer, drier climate and plausible water supply management options affecting priority and delivery of water available for waterbird habitats. This scenario modeling addresses the complexity and uncertainties in the Central Valley landscape, use and management of related water supplies, and climate to inform waterbird habitat conservation and other resource management planning. Results indicate that increased wetland restoration and additional conservation and climate change adaptation strategies may be warranted to maintain habitat adequate to support waterbirds in the Central Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0169780","usgsCitation":"Matchett, E., and Fleskes, J.P., 2017, Projected impacts of climate, urbanization, water management, and wetland restoration on waterbird habitat in California’s Central Valley: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 1, e0169780; 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169780.","productDescription":"e0169780; 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-080857","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470129,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169780","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334996,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H13050","text":"Data for projected impacts of climate, urbanization, water management, and wetland restoration on waterbird habitat in California’s Central Valley"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.89306640624999,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 38.039438891821746\n ],\n [\n -119.454345703125,\n 34.985003130171066\n ],\n [\n -118.77319335937499,\n 34.903952965590065\n ],\n [\n -118.57543945312501,\n 35.18278813800229\n ],\n [\n -118.80615234374999,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -119.91577148437499,\n 37.431250501793585\n ],\n [\n -121.212158203125,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -121.761474609375,\n 40.12009038025332\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 40.66397287638688\n ],\n [\n -122.89306640624999,\n 40.329795743702064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881ded1e4b01192927d9f6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matchett, Elliott 0000-0001-5095-2884 ematchett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-2884","contributorId":5541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Elliott","email":"ematchett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":177154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179848,"text":"70179848 - 2017 - Changes in the Chemistry of Groundwater Reacted with CO2: Comparison of Laboratory Results with the ZERT Field Pilot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T16:14:08","indexId":"70179848","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3828,"text":"Procedia Earth and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the Chemistry of Groundwater Reacted with CO2: Comparison of Laboratory Results with the ZERT Field Pilot","docAbstract":"As part of the ZERT program, sediments from two wells at the ZERT site, located in Bozeman, Montana, USA were reacted with a solution having the composition of local groundwater. A total of 50 water samples were collected from 7 containers placed for 15 days in a glove box with one atmosphere of CO2 to investigate detailed changes in the concentrations of major, minor and trace inorganic compounds, and to compare these with changes observed in groundwater at the ZERT site following CO2 injection. Laboratory results included rapid changes in pH (8.6 to 5.7), alkalinity (243 to 1295 mg/L as HCO3), electrical conductance (539 to 1822 μS/cm), Ca (28 to 297 mg/L), Mg (18 to 63 mg/L), Fe (5 to 43 μg/L) and Mn (2 to 837 μg/L) following CO2 injection. These chemical changes, which are in general agreement with those obtained from sampling the ZERT monitoring wells, could provide early detection of CO2 leakage into shallow groundwater. Dissolution of calcite, some dolomite and minor Mn-oxides, and desorption/ion exchange are likely the main geochemical processes responsible for the observed changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.043","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., Abedini, A.A., Beers, S., and Thomas, B., 2017, Changes in the Chemistry of Groundwater Reacted with CO2: Comparison of Laboratory Results with the ZERT Field Pilot: Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, v. 17, p. 241-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.043.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"244","ipdsId":"IP-078040","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881ded1e4b01192927d9f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abedini, Atosa A.","contributorId":69668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abedini","given":"Atosa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beers, Sarah","contributorId":178450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beers","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thomas, Burt","contributorId":178451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Burt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179781,"text":"70179781 - 2017 - Age and growth comparisons of Hovsgol grayling (Thymallus nigrescens Dorogostaisky, 1923), Baikal grayling (T. baicalensis Dybowski, 1874), and lenok (Brachymystax lenok Pallas, 1773) in lentic and lotic habitats of Northern Mongolia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:19:31","indexId":"70179781","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth comparisons of Hovsgol grayling (Thymallus nigrescens Dorogostaisky, 1923), Baikal grayling (T. baicalensis Dybowski, 1874), and lenok (Brachymystax lenok Pallas, 1773) in lentic and lotic habitats of Northern Mongolia","docAbstract":"Despite concern over the conservation status of many Mongolian salmonids and the importance of their ecological role in Mongolia's aquatic ecosystems, little is known about their basic biology. Hovsgol grayling (Thymallus nigrescens) is endemic to Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia and listed as endangered on the Mongolian Red List. Baikal grayling (T. baicalensis) and lenok (Brachymystax lenok) are found in lakes and rivers throughout the Selenge drainage. A detailed study of the age and growth of these three salmonids was conducted based on 1,682 samples collected from July 2006 to July 2013 in Lake Hovsgol, its outlet the Eg River, and one of the Eg's largest tributaries, the Uur River. Our results suggest that Hovsgol grayling in particular can reach a much older maximum age (17 years in our samples) than previously believed based on aging from scales. Female Hovsgol grayling were heavier at a given length than their male counterparts. Lenok had a greater average length-at-age in Lake Hovsgol compared to the rivers and greater weight-at-length in the warmer Uur River than in the Eg; female lenok from the rivers had a greater average length-at-age than their male counterparts. This study provides critical new information for the management and conservation of these threatened salmonid species in Mongolia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.13247","usgsCitation":"Tsogtsaikhan, P., Mendsaikhan, B., Jargalmaa, G., Ganzorig, B., Weidel, B., Filosa, C., Free, C., Young, T., and Jensen, O.P., 2017, Age and growth comparisons of Hovsgol grayling (Thymallus nigrescens Dorogostaisky, 1923), Baikal grayling (T. baicalensis Dybowski, 1874), and lenok (Brachymystax lenok Pallas, 1773) in lentic and lotic habitats of Northern Mongolia: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 33, no. 1, p. 108-115, https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13247.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"115","ipdsId":"IP-062756","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13247","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 99.66796875,\n 50.14874640066278\n ],\n [\n 100.94238281249999,\n 50.14874640066278\n ],\n [\n 100.94238281249999,\n 51.67255514839674\n ],\n [\n 99.66796875,\n 51.67255514839674\n ],\n [\n 99.66796875,\n 50.14874640066278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d3ce4b01dfadfff1527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsogtsaikhan, Pureviin","contributorId":178386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsogtsaikhan","given":"Pureviin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendsaikhan, Budiin","contributorId":178383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendsaikhan","given":"Budiin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jargalmaa, Ganzorigiin","contributorId":178384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jargalmaa","given":"Ganzorigiin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ganzorig, Batsaikhanii","contributorId":178385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ganzorig","given":"Batsaikhanii","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Filosa, Christopher","contributorId":178387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filosa","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Free, Christopher","contributorId":178388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Free","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Young, Talia","contributorId":141088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Talia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jensen, Olaf P.","contributorId":92159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Olaf","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70179745,"text":"70179745 - 2017 - Signals of impending change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:20:53","indexId":"70179745","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5263,"text":"Nature Ecology & Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Signals of impending change","docAbstract":"Society has an increasing awareness that there are finite limits to what we can expect the planet to absorb and still provide goods and services at current rates1. Both historical reconstructions and contemporary events continue to remind us that ecological regime changes are often abrupt rather than gradual. This reality motivates researchers who seek to discover leading indicators for impending ecosystem change. Berdugo et al.2 report an important advance in our ability to anticipate the conversion of arid lands from self-organized, self-maintaining and productive ecosystems, to a state characterized by disorganization and low functionality. Such conversions have important implications for our understanding of ‘desertification’ — which is a shift from arid to desert-like conditions.
Theoretical studies have suggested that patterns in the patchiness of vegetation might indicate how close a system is to making an abrupt change to desert-like conditions3,4,5. Empirical studies, however, have tended to show instead that simply the total cover of vegetation, rather than its arrangement, often foretells the state of the system4,5,6,7,8,9. Berdugo et al.2 combine these competing ideas into one integrated perspective. They show how major environmental drivers, such as aridity, influence both vegetation cover and patchiness, as well as where self-organizing, stabilizing forces in the vegetation are likely to be found.
Indium is an increasingly important metal in semiconductors and electronics and has uses in important energy technologies such as photovoltaic cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One significant flux of indium to the environment is from lead, zinc, copper, and tin mining and smelting, but little is known about its aqueous behavior after it is mobilized. In this study, we use Mineral Creek, a headwater stream in southwestern Colorado severely affected by heavy metal contamination as a result of acid mine drainage, as a natural laboratory to study the aqueous behavior of indium. At the existing pH of ~ 3, indium concentrations are 6–29 μg/L (10,000 × those found in natural rivers), and are completely filterable through a 0.45 μm filter. During a pH modification experiment, the pH of the system was raised to > 8, and > 99% of the indium became associated with the suspended solid phase (i.e. does not pass through a 0.45 μm filter). To determine the mechanism of removal of indium from the filterable and likely primarily dissolved phase, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine an upper bound for a sorption constant to iron oxides, and used this, along with other published thermodynamic constants, to model the partitioning of indium in Mineral Creek. Modeling results suggest that the removal of indium from the filterable phase is consistent with precipitation of indium hydroxide from a dissolved phase. This work demonstrates that nonferrous mining processes can be a significant source of indium to the environment, and provides critical information about the aqueous behavior of indium.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.136","usgsCitation":"White, S., Hussain, F.A., Hemond, H.F., Sacco, S.A., Shine, J.P., Runkel, R.L., Walton-Day, K., and Kimball, B.A., 2017, The precipitation of indium at elevated pH in a stream influenced by acid mine drainage: Science of the Total Environment, v. 574, p. 1484-1491, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.136.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1484","endPage":"1491","ipdsId":"IP-052032","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"574","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3bdbe4b0d96de2564537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Sarah Jane O.","contributorId":178311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Sarah Jane O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hussain, Fatima A.","contributorId":178312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hussain","given":"Fatima","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemond, Harold F.","contributorId":34673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sacco, Sarah A.","contributorId":178313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sacco","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shine, James P.","contributorId":178314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shine","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":1245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70188376,"text":"70188376 - 2017 - Multinomial N-mixture models improve the applicability of electrofishing for developing population estimates of stream-dwelling Smallmouth Bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:16:23","indexId":"70188376","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Multinomial N-mixture models improve the applicability of electrofishing for developing population estimates of stream-dwelling Smallmouth Bass","title":"Multinomial N-mixture models improve the applicability of electrofishing for developing population estimates of stream-dwelling Smallmouth Bass","docAbstract":"Failure to account for variable detection across survey conditions constrains progressive stream ecology and can lead to erroneous stream fish management and conservation decisions. In addition to variable detection’s confounding long-term stream fish population trends, reliable abundance estimates across a wide range of survey conditions are fundamental to establishing species–environment relationships. Despite major advancements in accounting for variable detection when surveying animal populations, these approaches remain largely ignored by stream fish scientists, and CPUE remains the most common metric used by researchers and managers. One notable advancement for addressing the challenges of variable detection is the multinomial N-mixture model. Multinomial N-mixture models use a flexible hierarchical framework to model the detection process across sites as a function of covariates; they also accommodate common fisheries survey methods, such as removal and capture–recapture. Effective monitoring of stream-dwelling Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu populations has long been challenging; therefore, our objective was to examine the use of multinomial N-mixture models to improve the applicability of electrofishing for estimating absolute abundance. We sampled Smallmouth Bass populations by using tow-barge electrofishing across a range of environmental conditions in streams of the Ozark Highlands ecoregion. Using an information-theoretic approach, we identified effort, water clarity, wetted channel width, and water depth as covariates that were related to variable Smallmouth Bass electrofishing detection. Smallmouth Bass abundance estimates derived from our top model consistently agreed with baseline estimates obtained via snorkel surveys. Additionally, confidence intervals from the multinomial N-mixture models were consistently more precise than those of unbiased Petersen capture–recapture estimates due to the dependency among data sets in the hierarchical framework. We demonstrate the application of this contemporary population estimation method to address a longstanding stream fish management issue. We also detail the advantages and trade-offs of hierarchical population estimation methods relative to CPUE and estimation methods that model each site separately.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1254127","usgsCitation":"Mollenhauer, R., and Brewer, S.K., 2017, Multinomial N-mixture models improve the applicability of electrofishing for developing population estimates of stream-dwelling Smallmouth Bass: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 37, no. 1, p. 211-224, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1254127.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"224","ipdsId":"IP-073138","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.28167724609375,\n 35.380092992092145\n ],\n [\n -94.46868896484375,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -93.64471435546875,\n 35.3509759564216\n ],\n [\n -93.6749267578125,\n 37.13623498442895\n ],\n [\n -95.2789306640625,\n 37.13623498442895\n ],\n [\n -95.28167724609375,\n 35.380092992092145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910ade4b0764e6c5e885c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mollenhauer, Robert","contributorId":176540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mollenhauer","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179658,"text":"70179658 - 2017 - Timescales of carbon turnover in soils with mixed crystalline mineralogies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-10T15:30:06","indexId":"70179658","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5259,"text":"SOIL","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timescales of carbon turnover in soils with mixed crystalline mineralogies","docAbstract":"Organic matter–mineral associations stabilize much of the carbon (C) stored globally in soils. Metastable short-range-order (SRO) minerals such as allophane and ferrihydrite provide one mechanism for long-term stabilization of organic matter in young soil. However, in soils with few SRO minerals and a predominance of crystalline aluminosilicate or Fe (and Al) oxyhydroxide, C turnover should be governed by chemisorption with those minerals. Here, we correlate mineral composition from soils containing small amounts of SRO minerals with mean turnover time (TT) of C estimated from radiocarbon (14C) in bulk soil, free light fraction and mineral-associated organic matter. We varied the mineral amount and composition by sampling ancient soils formed on different lithologies in arid to subhumid climates in Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. Mineral contents in bulk soils were assessed using chemical extractions to quantify Fe oxyhydroxides and SRO minerals. Because of our interest in the role of silicate clay mineralogy, particularly smectite (2 : 1) and kaolinite (1 : 1), we separately quantified the mineralogy of the clay-sized fraction using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and measured 14C on the same fraction.
Density separation demonstrated that mineral associated C accounted for 40–70 % of bulk soil organic C in A and B1 horizons for granite, nephelinite and arid-zone gabbro soils, and > 80 % in other soils. Organic matter strongly associated with the isolated clay-sized fraction represented only 9–47 % of the bulk soil C. The mean TT of C strongly associated with the clay-sized fraction increased with the amount of smectite (2 : 1 clays); in samples with > 40 % smectite it averaged 1020 ± 460 years. The C not strongly associated with clay-sized minerals, including a combination of low-density C, the C associated with minerals of sizes between 2 µm and 2 cm (including Fe oxyhydroxides as coatings), and C removed from clay-sized material by 2 % hydrogen peroxide had TTs averaging 190 ± 190 years in surface horizons. Summed over the bulk soil profile, we found that smectite content correlated with the mean TT of bulk soil C across varied lithologies. The SRO mineral content in KNP soils was generally very low, except for the soils developed on gabbros under more humid climate that also had very high Fe and C contents with a surprisingly short, mean C TTs. In younger landscapes, SRO minerals are metastable and sequester C for long timescales. We hypothesize that in the KNP, SRO minerals represent a transient stage of mineral evolution and therefore lock up C for a shorter time.
Overall, we found crystalline Fe-oxyhydroxides (determined as the difference between Fe in dithionate citrate and oxalate extractions) to be the strongest predictor for soil C content, while the mean TT of soil C was best predicted from the amount of smectite, which was also related to more easily measured bulk properties such as cation exchange capacity or pH. Combined with previous research on C turnover times in 2 : 1 vs. 1 : 1 clays, our results hold promise for predicting C inventory and persistence based on intrinsic timescales of specific carbon–mineral interactions.
Comprehensive sampling of peat, underlying lakebed sediments, and coexisting waters of a naturally uraniferous montane wetland are combined with hydrologic measurements to define the important controls on uranium (U) supply and uptake. The major source of U to the wetland is groundwater flowing through locally fractured and faulted granite gneiss of Proterozoic age. Dissolved U concentrations in four springs and one seep ranged from 20 to 83 ppb (μg/l). Maximum U concentrations are ∼300 ppm (mg/kg) in lakebed sediments and >3000 ppm in peat. Uranium in lakebed sediments is primarily stratabound in the more organic-rich layers, but samples of similar organic content display variable U concentrations. Post-depositional modifications include variable additions of U delivered by groundwater. Uranium distribution in peat is heterogeneous and primarily controlled by proximity to groundwater-fed springs and seeps that act as local point sources of U, and by proximity to groundwater directed along the peat/lakebeds contact. Uranium is initially sorbed on various organic components of peat as oxidized U(VI) present in groundwater. Selective extractions indicate that the majority of sorbed U remains as the oxidized species despite reducing conditions that should favor formation of U(IV). Possible explanations are kinetic hindrances related to strong complex formation between uranyl and humic substances, inhibition of anaerobic bacterial activity by low supply of dissolved iron and sulfate, and by cold temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.01.001","usgsCitation":"Schumann, R.R., Zielinski, R.A., Otton, J.K., Pantea, M.P., and Orem, W.H., 2017, Uranium delivery and uptake in a montane wetland, north-central Colorado, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 78, no. 3, p. 363-379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.01.001.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"379","ipdsId":"IP-074221","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470147,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.01.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335496,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71DQ","text":"Stratigraphic, geochemical, and hydrologic data for the Boston Peak wetland, Larimer County, CO, USA"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -103.4912109375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -103.4912109375,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 38.805470223177466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589ffedfe4b099f50d3e0434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960 rschumann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":1569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.","email":"rschumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pantea, Michael P. mpantea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantea","given":"Michael","email":"mpantea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179508,"text":"70179508 - 2017 - Susceptibility and antibody response of the laboratory model zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-21T15:04:52.97662","indexId":"70179508","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Susceptibility and antibody response of the laboratory model zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus","title":"Susceptibility and antibody response of the laboratory model zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus","docAbstract":"Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 a number of passerine bird species have been found to play a role in the amplification of the virus. Arbovirus surveillance, observational studies and experimental studies have implicated passerine birds (songbirds, e.g., crows, American robins, house sparrows, and house finches) as significant reservoirs of WNV in North America, yet we lack a tractable passerine animal model for controlled studies of the virus. The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) serves as a model system across a diversity of fields, and here we develop the zebra finch a songbird model for WNV. Like many natural hosts of WNV, we found that zebra finches developed sufficient viremia to serve as a competent host, yet in general resisted mortality from infection. In the Australian zebra finch (AZF) T. g. castanotis, we detected WNV in the majority of sampled tissues by 4 days post injection (dpi). However, WNV was not detected in tissues of sacrificed birds at 14 dpi, shortly after the development of detectable anti-WNV antibodies in the majority of birds indicating successful viral clearance. We compared susceptibility between the two zebra finch subspecies AZF and Timor zebra finch (TZF) T. g. guttata. Compared to AZF, WNV RNA was detected in a larger proportion of challenged TZF and molecular detection of virus in the serum of TZF was significantly higher than in AZF. Given the observed moderate host competence and disease susceptibility, we suggest that zebra finches are appropriate as models for the study of WNV and although underutilized in this respect, may be ideal models for the study of the many diseases carried and transmitted by songbirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0167876","usgsCitation":"Hofmeister, E.K., Lund, M., Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., and Balakrishnan, C.N., 2017, Susceptibility and antibody response of the laboratory model zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 1, e0167876; 17 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167876.","productDescription":"e0167876; 17 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-075765","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470150,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167876","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":418291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7707ZM3"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e181ee4b0f5ce109fcad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofmeister, Erik K. 0000-0002-6360-3912 ehofmeister@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-3912","contributorId":3230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeister","given":"Erik","email":"ehofmeister@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, Melissa 0000-0003-4577-2015 mlund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4577-2015","contributorId":177923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Melissa","email":"mlund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. 0000-0002-5590-6518 vbochsler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-6518","contributorId":3234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","email":"vbochsler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balakrishnan, Christopher N.","contributorId":177924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balakrishnan","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179438,"text":"70179438 - 2017 - Spatial and temporal patterns of dissolved organic matter quantity and quality in the Mississippi River Basin, 1997–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T15:39:56","indexId":"70179438","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of dissolved organic matter quantity and quality in the Mississippi River Basin, 1997–2013","docAbstract":"Recent studies have found insignificant or decreasing trends in time-series dissolved organic carbon (DOC) datasets, questioning the assumption that long-term DOC concentrations in surface waters are increasing in response to anthropogenic forcing, including climate change, land use, and atmospheric acid deposition. We used the weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season (WRTDS) model to estimate annual flow-normalized concentrations and fluxes to determine if changes in DOC quantity and quality signal anthropogenic forcing at 10 locations in the Mississippi River Basin. Despite increases in agriculture and urban development throughout the basin, net increases in DOC concentration and flux were significant at only 3 of 10 sites from 1997 to 2013 and ranged between −3.5% to +18% and −0.1 to 19%, respectively. Positive shifts in DOC quality, characterized by increasing specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, ranged between +8% and +45%, but only occurred at one of the sites with significant DOC quantity increases. Basinwide reductions in atmospheric sulfate deposition did not result in large increases in DOC either, likely because of the high buffering capacity of the soil. Hydroclimatic factors including annual discharge, precipitation, and temperature did not significantly change during the 17-year timespan of this study, which contrasts with results from previous studies showing significant increases in precipitation and discharge over a century time scale. Our study also contrasts with those from smaller catchments, which have shown stronger DOC responses to climate, land use, and acidic deposition. This temporal and spatial analysis indicated that there was a potential change in DOC sources in the Mississippi River Basin between 1997 and 2013. However, the overall magnitude of DOC trends was not large, and the pattern in quantity and quality increases for the 10 study sites was not consistent throughout the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.11072","usgsCitation":"Stackpoole, S.M., Stets, E., Clow, D.W., Burns, D.A., Aiken, G.R., Aulenbach, B.T., Creed, I., Hirsch, R.M., Laudon, H., Pellerin, B., and Striegl, R.G., 2017, Spatial and temporal patterns of dissolved organic matter quantity and quality in the Mississippi River Basin, 1997–2013: Hydrological Processes, v. 31, no. 4, p. 902-915, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11072.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"902","endPage":"915","ipdsId":"IP-066770","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11072","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586cc68ee4b0f5ce109fa93d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackpoole, Sarah M. 0000-0002-5876-4922 sstackpoole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-4922","contributorId":3784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackpoole","given":"Sarah","email":"sstackpoole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stets, Edward G. estets@usgs.gov","contributorId":174182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward G.","email":"estets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Creed, Irena F.","contributorId":81209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Creed","given":"Irena F.","affiliations":[{"id":27655,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Laudon, Hjalmar","contributorId":46812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laudon","given":"Hjalmar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. 0000-0003-3712-7884 bpeller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3712-7884","contributorId":147077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70191428,"text":"70191428 - 2017 - Disentangling the complexities of how legumes and their symbionts regulate plant nitrogen access and storage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-11T14:19:05","indexId":"70191428","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disentangling the complexities of how legumes and their symbionts regulate plant nitrogen access and storage","docAbstract":"Extreme space weather events are low-frequency, high-risk phenomena. Estimating their rates of occurrence, as well as their associated uncertainties, is difficult. In this study, we derive statistical estimates and uncertainties for the occurrence rate of an extreme geomagnetic storm on the scale of the Carrington event (or worse) occurring within the next decade. We model the distribution of events as either a power law or lognormal distribution and use (1) Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic to estimate goodness of fit, (2) bootstrapping to quantify the uncertainty in the estimates, and (3) likelihood ratio tests to assess whether one distribution is preferred over another. Our best estimate for the probability of another extreme geomagnetic event comparable to the Carrington event occurring within the next 10 years is 10.3% 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.9,18.7] for a power law distribution but only 3.0% 95% CI [0.6,9.0] for a lognormal distribution. However, our results depend crucially on (1) how we define an extreme event, (2) the statistical model used to describe how the events are distributed in intensity, (3) the techniques used to infer the model parameters, and (4) the data and duration used for the analysis. We test a major assumption that the data represent time stationary processes and discuss the implications. If the current trends persist, suggesting that we are entering a period of lower activity, our forecasts may represent upper limits rather than best estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016SW001470","usgsCitation":"Riley, P., and Love, J.J., 2017, Extreme geomagnetic storms: Probabilistic forecasts and their uncertainties: Space Weather, v. 15, no. 1, p. 53-64, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016SW001470.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","ipdsId":"IP-081721","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b996e4b05fe04cd65cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, Pete","contributorId":145704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Pete","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16202,"text":"Predictive Science Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192642,"text":"70192642 - 2017 - Reconstruction of spatio-temporal temperature from sparse historical records using robust probabilistic principal component regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T14:44:39","indexId":"70192642","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5542,"text":"Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstruction of spatio-temporal temperature from sparse historical records using robust probabilistic principal component regression","docAbstract":"Scientific records of temperature and precipitation have been kept for several hundred years, but for many areas, only a shorter record exists. To understand climate change, there is a need for rigorous statistical reconstructions of the paleoclimate using proxy data. Paleoclimate proxy data are often sparse, noisy, indirect measurements of the climate process of interest, making each proxy uniquely challenging to model statistically. We reconstruct spatially explicit temperature surfaces from sparse and noisy measurements recorded at historical United States military forts and other observer stations from 1820 to 1894. One common method for reconstructing the paleoclimate from proxy data is principal component regression (PCR). With PCR, one learns a statistical relationship between the paleoclimate proxy data and a set of climate observations that are used as patterns for potential reconstruction scenarios. We explore PCR in a Bayesian hierarchical framework, extending classical PCR in a variety of ways. First, we model the latent principal components probabilistically, accounting for measurement error in the observational data. Next, we extend our method to better accommodate outliers that occur in the proxy data. Finally, we explore alternatives to the truncation of lower-order principal components using different regularization techniques. One fundamental challenge in paleoclimate reconstruction efforts is the lack of out-of-sample data for predictive validation. Cross-validation is of potential value, but is computationally expensive and potentially sensitive to outliers in sparse data scenarios. To overcome the limitations that a lack of out-of-sample records presents, we test our methods using a simulation study, applying proper scoring rules including a computationally efficient approximation to leave-one-out cross-validation using the log score to validate model performance. The result of our analysis is a spatially explicit reconstruction of spatio-temporal temperature from a very sparse historical record.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/ascmo-3-1-2017","usgsCitation":"Tipton, J., Hooten, M., and Goring, S., 2017, Reconstruction of spatio-temporal temperature from sparse historical records using robust probabilistic principal component regression: Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography, v. 3, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-3-1-2017.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-076974","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-3-1-2017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e953e4b09af898c8cc0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tipton, John","contributorId":166999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tipton","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goring, Simon","contributorId":167180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goring","given":"Simon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193673,"text":"70193673 - 2017 - Beaver colony density trends on the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 1987 – 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T13:48:55","indexId":"70193673","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beaver colony density trends on the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 1987 – 2013","docAbstract":"The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) is a managed species in the United States. In northern Wisconsin, as part of the state-wide beaver management program, the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest removes beavers from targeted trout streams on U.S. Forest Service lands. However, the success of this management program has not been evaluated. Targeted removals comprise only 3% of the annual beaver harvest, a level of effort that may not affect the beaver population. We used colony location data along Forest streams from 1987–2013 (Nicolet, northeast Wisconsin) and 1997–2013 (Chequamegon, northwest Wisconsin) to assess trends in beaver colony density on targeted trout streams compared to non-targeted streams. On the Chequamegon, colony density on non-targeted trout and non-trout streams did not change over time, while colony density on targeted trout streams declined and then stabilized. On the Nicolet, beaver colony density decreased on both non-targeted streams and targeted trout streams. However, colony density on targeted trout streams declined faster. The impact of targeted trapping was similar across the two sides of the Forest (60% reduction relative to non-targeted trout streams). Exploratory analyses of weather influences found that very dry conditions and severe winters were associated with transient reductions in beaver colony density on non-targeted streams on both sides of the Forest. Our findings may help land management agencies weigh more finely calibrated beaver control measures against continued large-scale removal programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0170099","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C., Donner, D.M., Beck, A.J., Rugg, D.J., Reinecke, S., and Eklund, D., 2017, Beaver colony density trends on the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 1987 – 2013: PLoS ONE, v. 12, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170099.","productDescription":"e0170099; 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-066625","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170099","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.5,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 46.81133924039194\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 46.81133924039194\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc3de4b06e28e9c23beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donner, Deahn M.","contributorId":171823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donner","given":"Deahn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Albert J.","contributorId":200078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rugg, David J.","contributorId":171931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rugg","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reinecke, Sue","contributorId":200301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Sue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eklund, Dan","contributorId":200080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eklund","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192516,"text":"70192516 - 2017 - Impacts of mesquite distribution on seasonal space use of lesser prairie-chickens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T13:45:42","indexId":"70192516","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of mesquite distribution on seasonal space use of lesser prairie-chickens","docAbstract":"Loss of native grasslands by anthropogenic disturbances has reduced availability and connectivity of habitat for many grassland species. A primary threat to contiguous grasslands is the encroachment of woody vegetation, which is spurred by disturbances that take on many forms from energy development, fire suppression, and grazing. These disturbances are exacerbated by natural- and human-driven cycles of changes in climate punctuated by drought and desertification conditions. Encroachment of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) into the prairies of southeastern New Mexico has potentially limited habitat for numerous grassland species, including lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus). To determine the magnitude of impacts of distribution of mesquite and how lesser prairie-chickens respond to mesquite presence on the landscape in southeastern New Mexico, we evaluated seasonal space use of lesser prairie-chickens in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. We derived several remotely sensed spatial metrics to characterize the distribution of mesquite. We then used these data to create population-level resource utilization functions and predict intensity of use of lesser prairie-chickens across our study area. Home ranges were smaller in the breeding season compared with the nonbreeding season; however, habitat use was similar across seasons. During both seasons, lesser prairie-chickens used areas closer to leks and largely avoided areas with mesquite. Relative to the breeding season, during the nonbreeding season habitat use suggested a marginal increase in mesquite within areas of low intensity of use, yet aversion to mesquite was strong in areas of medium to high intensity of use. To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate a negative behavioral response by lesser prairie-chickens to woody encroachment in native grasslands. To mitigate one of the possible limiting factors for lesser prairie-chickens, we suggest future conservation strategies be employed by land managersto reduce mesquite abundance in the southern portion of their current range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2016.09.006","usgsCitation":"Boggie, M.A., Strong, C.R., Lusk, D., Carleton, S.A., Gould, W., Howard, R.L., Nichols, C.T., Falkowski, M.J., and Hagen, C.A., 2017, Impacts of mesquite distribution on seasonal space use of lesser prairie-chickens: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 70, no. 1, p. 68-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2016.09.006.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-073814","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2016.09.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Chaves County, Lea 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T.","contributorId":193024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Clay","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Falkowski, Michael J.","contributorId":198547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falkowski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hagen, Christian A.","contributorId":177795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagen","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70191191,"text":"70191191 - 2017 - Investigating impacts of oil and gas development on greater sage-grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T13:54:33","indexId":"70191191","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating impacts of oil and gas development on greater sage-grouse","docAbstract":"The sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystem is one of the largest ecosystems in western North America providing habitat for species found nowhere else. Sagebrush habitats have experienced dramatic declines since the 1950s, mostly due to anthropogenic disturbances. The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a sagebrush-obligate species that has experienced population declines over the last several decades, which are attributed to a variety of disturbances including the more recent threat of oil and gas development. We developed a hierarchical, Bayesian state-space model to investigate the impacts of 2 measures of oil and gas development, and environmental and habitat conditions, on sage-grouse populations in Wyoming, USA using male lek counts from 1984 to 2008. Lek attendance of male sage-grouse declined by approximately 2.5%/year and was negatively related to oil and gas well density. We found little support for the influence of sagebrush cover and precipitation on changes in lek counts. Our results support those of other studies reporting negative impacts of oil and gas development on sage-grouse populations and our modeling approach allowed us to make inference to a longer time scale and larger spatial extent than in previous studies. In addition to sage-grouse, development may also negatively affect other sagebrush-obligate species, and active management of sagebrush habitats may be necessary to maintain some species.
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spread","docAbstract":"Connectivity is important for population persistence and can reduce the potential for inbreeding depression. Connectivity between populations can also facilitate disease transmission; respiratory diseases are one of the most important factors affecting populations of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). The mechanisms of connectivity in populations of bighorn sheep likely have implications for spread of disease, but the behaviors leading to connectivity between bighorn sheep groups are not well understood. From 2007–2012, we radio-collared and monitored 56 bighorn sheep in the Salmon River canyon in central Idaho. We used cluster analysis to define social groups of bighorn sheep and then estimated connectivity between these groups using a multi-state mark-recapture model. Social groups of bighorn sheep were spatially segregated and linearly distributed along the Salmon River canyon. Monthly probabilities of movement between adjacent male and female groups ranged from 0.08 (±0.004 SE) to 0.76 (±0.068) for males and 0.05 (±0.132) to 0.24 (±0.034) for females. Movements of males were extensive and probabilities of movement were considerably higher during the rut. Probabilities of movement for females were typically smaller than those of males and did not change seasonally. Whereas adjacent groups of bighorn sheep along the Salmon River canyon were well connected, connectivity between groups north and south of the Salmon River was limited. The novel application of a multi-state model to a population of bighorn sheep allowed us to estimate the probability of movement between adjacent social groups and approximate the level of connectivity across the population. Our results suggest high movement rates of males during the rut are the most likely to result in transmission of pathogens among both male and female groups. Potential for disease spread among female groups was smaller but non-trivial. Land managers can plan grazing of domestic sheep for spring and summer months when males are relatively inactive. Removal or quarantine of social groups may reduce probability of disease transmission in populations of bighorn sheep consisting of linearly distributed social groups.
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