{"pageNumber":"114","pageRowStart":"2825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":1016157,"text":"1016157 - 2002 - Predation by Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) on Western toads (Bufo boreas) in Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T16:03:21.278472","indexId":"1016157","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Predation by Oregon spotted frogs (<i>Rana pretiosa</i>) on Western toads (<i>Bufo boreas</i>) in Oregon, USA","title":"Predation by Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) on Western toads (Bufo boreas) in Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Toads of the genus <i>Bufo</i> co-occur with true frogs (family Ranidae) throughout their North American ranges. Yet, <i>Bufo</i> are rarely reported as prey for ranid frogs, perhaps due to dermal toxins that afford them protection from some predators. We report field observations from four different localities demonstrating that Oregon spotted frogs (<i>Rana pretiosa</i>) readily consume juvenile western toads (<i>Bufo boreas</i>) at breeding sites in Oregon. Unpalatability thought to deter predators of selected taxa and feeding mode may not protect juvenile stages of western toads from adult Oregon spotted frogs. Activity of juvenile western toads can elicit ambush behavior by Oregon spotted frog adults. Our review of published literature suggests that regular consumption of toadlets sets Oregon spotted frogs apart from most North American ranid frogs. Importance of the trophic context of juvenile western toads as a seasonally important resource to Oregon spotted frogs needs critical investigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0145:PBOSFR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., and Hayes, M., 2002, Predation by Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) on Western toads (Bufo boreas) in Oregon, USA: American Midland Naturalist, v. 147, no. 1, p. 145-152, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0145:PBOSFR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.42041015624999,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92626953124999,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92626953124999,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.42041015624999,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.42041015624999,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"147","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, M.P.","contributorId":56174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024216,"text":"70024216 - 2002 - Rodent middens, a new method for Quaternary research in arid zones of South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T08:58:13","indexId":"70024216","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3286,"text":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rodent middens, a new method for Quaternary research in arid zones of South America","docAbstract":"<p>In arid and semi-arid regions of South America, historical evidence for climate and vegetation change is scarce despite its importance for determining reference conditions and rates of natural variability in areas susceptible to modern desertification. Normal lines of evidence, such as pollen stratigraphies from lakes, are either rare or unobtainable in deserts; studies of late Quaternary vegetation history are few and generally inconclusive. This gap in knowledge may be corrected with discovery and development of fossil rodent middens in rocky environments throughout arid South America. These middens, mostly the work of Lagidium, Phyllotis, Abrocoma and Octodontomys, are rich in readily identifiable plant macrofossils, cuticles and pollen, as well as vertebrate and insect remains. In the North American deserts, more than 2,500 woodrat (Neotoma) middens analyzed since 1960 have yielded a detailed history of environmental change during the past 40,000 years. Preliminary work in the pre-puna, Monte and Patagonian Deserts of western Argentina, the Atacama Desert of northern Chile/southern Peru, the Mediterranean matorral of central Chile, and the Puna of the Andean altiplano suggest a similar potential for rodent middens in South America. Here we borrow from the North American experience to synthesize methodologies and approaches, summarize preliminary work, and explore the potential of rodent midden research in South America.</p>","language":"Spanish","issn":"0716078X","usgsCitation":"Betancourt, J., and Saavedra, B., 2002, Rodent middens, a new method for Quaternary research in arid zones of South America: Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, v. 75, no. 3, p. 527-546.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"546","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae2be4b0c8380cd87035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saavedra, B.","contributorId":73778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saavedra","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015266,"text":"1015266 - 2002 - Differences in Englemann spruce forest biogeochemistry east and west of the Continental Divide in Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:25:35","indexId":"1015266","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in Englemann spruce forest biogeochemistry east and west of the Continental Divide in Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"<p>We compared Englemann spruce biogeochemical processes in forest stands east and west of the Continental Divide in the Colorado Front Range. The divide forms a natural barrier for air pollutants such that nitrogen (N) emissions from the agricultural and urban areas of the South Platte River Basin are transported via upslope winds to high elevations on the east side but rarely cross over to the west side. Because there are far fewer emissions sources to the west, atmospheric N deposition is 1–2 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> on the west side, as compared with 3–5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> on the east side. Species composition, elevation, aspect, parent material, site history, and climate were matched as closely as possible across six east and six west side old-growth forest stands. Higher N deposition sites had significantly lower organic horizon C:N and lignin:N ratios, lower foliar C:N ratios, as well as greater %N, higher N:Ca, N:Mg, and N:P ratios, and higher potential net mineralization rates. When C:N ratios dropped below 29, as they did in east-side organic horizon soils, mineralization rates increased linearly. Our results are comparable to those from studies of the northeastern United States and Europe that have found changes in forest biogeochemistry in response to N deposition inputs between 3 and 60 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>. Though they are low by comparison with more densely populated and agricultural regions, current levels of N deposition, have caused measurable changes in Englemann spruce forest biogeochemistry east of the Continental Divide in Colorado.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-001-0054-8","usgsCitation":"Rueth, H., and Baron, J., 2002, Differences in Englemann spruce forest biogeochemistry east and west of the Continental Divide in Colorado, USA: Ecosystems, v. 5, no. 1, p. 45-57, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0054-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d79f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rueth, H.M.","contributorId":103611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rueth","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024433,"text":"70024433 - 2002 - Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Bighorn Basin, southern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70024433","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Bighorn Basin, southern Montana","docAbstract":"Records of Holocene vegetation and climate change at low elevations (<2000 m) are rare in the central Rocky Mountain region. We developed a record of Holocene vegetation and climate change from 55 14C-dated woodrat middens at two low-elevation sites (1275 to 1590 m, currently vegetated by Juniperus osteosperma woodlands, in the northern Bighorn Basin. Macrofossil and pollen analyses show that the early Holocene was cooler than today, with warming and drying in the middle Holocene. During the Holocene, boreal (Juniperus communis, J. horizontalis) and montane species (J. scopulorum) were replaced by a Great Basin species (J. osteosperma). J. osteosperma colonized the east side of the Pryor Mountains 4700 14C yr B.P. Downward movement of lower treeline indicates wetter conditions between 4400 and 2700 14C yr B.P. Increased aridity after 2700 14C yr B.P. initiated expansion of J. osteosperma from the east to west side of the Pryor Mountains. ?? 2002 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2002.2342","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Lyford, M., Betancourt, J., and Jackson, S., 2002, Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Bighorn Basin, southern Montana: Quaternary Research, v. 58, no. 2, p. 171-181, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2342.","startPage":"171","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2342"},{"id":231549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31f9e4b0c8380cd5e3f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyford, M.E.","contributorId":33883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, S.T.","contributorId":90072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024744,"text":"70024744 - 2002 - Effects of disturbance on germination and seedling establishment in a coastal prairie grassland: A test of the competitive release hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024744","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of disturbance on germination and seedling establishment in a coastal prairie grassland: A test of the competitive release hypothesis","docAbstract":"1. We evaluated the responses of native grassland sods to a variety of types of disturbance in order to assess hypotheses about the competitive effects of established vegetation on seed germination and seedling establishment. In particular, we consider whether germination is more responsive to the magnitude and duration of vegetation removal (competitive release) or to individual disturbance types (specific effects). 2. Field-collected sods of coastal tallgrass prairie were subjected to no manipulation, cutting with clippings left, cutting with clippings removed (hayed), burning, and complete destruction of established vegetation under greenhouse conditions. The emergence and fate of seedlings, as well as light penetration through the canopy, were followed for a period of 4.5 months. 3. Total seedling emergence increased from cut to control, hayed, burned and plants-removed treatments. Several periods of increased seedling emergence suggested responses to both light penetration and seasonal change. 4. Species richness was lowest in cut sods and highest in sods that had plants removed or were burned. Rarefaction analysis showed that these differences were largely those expected from differences in seedling number, except for the cut treatment, which produced fewer species per seedling than other treatments. 5. Indicator species analysis and ordination methods revealed that seedling community composition overlapped strongly across all treatments, although the area of ordination space did increase with increasing numbers of seedlings. 6. Overall, most of the effects of disturbance could be explained by cumulative light penetration to the soil surface, an indicator of total competitive release, although a few specific effects could be found (particularly for the cutting treatment). Thus, these results generally support the competitive release hypothesis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00665.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Jutila, H., and Grace, J., 2002, Effects of disturbance on germination and seedling establishment in a coastal prairie grassland: A test of the competitive release hypothesis: Journal of Ecology, v. 90, no. 2, p. 291-302, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00665.x.","startPage":"291","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00665.x"},{"id":233030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06d4e4b0c8380cd5142a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jutila, H.M.","contributorId":24137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jutila","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025108,"text":"70025108 - 2002 - Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025108","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"High fluid pressures are known to be associated with oil and gas fields in the Uinta Basin, Utah. Shut-in pressure measurements from drill-stem tests show how pressure varies with depth and by area within the basin. The data base used in this report incorporates over 2,000 pressure measurements from drill-stem tests in wells completed prior to 1985. However, the number of useful pressure measurements is considerably less, because many drill-stem tests fail to stabilize at the actual formation pressure if the permeability is low. By extracting the maximum pressure measurements recorded in a collection of wells within an area, the trend of formation pressure within that area can be approximated. Areal compilations of pressures from drill-stem tests show that overpressured rock formations occur throughout much of the northern and eastern areas of the Uinta Basin. In particular, significant overpressuring (0.5 < pressure gradient < 0.8 psi/ft) is found throughout much of the Altamont-Bluebell field at depths ranging from 10,000 to 13,000 ft, equivalent to 5,000 to 8,000 ft below sea level. Limited data indicate that the pressure gradient declines at depths greater than 13,000 ft. An underpressured zone appears to exist in the Altamont-Bluebell field at depths shallower than 5,000 ft. Throughout the eastern Uinta Basin, moderately overpressured zones (0.46 < pressure gradient < 0.5 psi/ft) are common, with local evidence of significantly overpressured zones, but pressure gradients greater than 0.6 psi/ft are rare.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., 2002, Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah: Mountain Geologist, v. 39, no. 1, p. 17-26.","startPage":"17","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d66e4b08c986b31d81b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, P. H.","contributorId":42238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025038,"text":"70025038 - 2002 - Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025038","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State","docAbstract":"We investigated effects of triploid grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella on aquatic macrophyte communities, water quality, and public satisfaction for 98 lakes and ponds in Washington State stocked with grass carp between 1990 and 1995. Grass carp had few noticeable effects on macrophyte communities until 19 months following stocking. After 19 months, submersed macrophytes were either completely eradicated (39% of the lakes) or not controlled (42% of the lakes) in most lakes. Intermediate control of submersed macrophytes occurred in 18% of lakes at a median stocking rate of 24 fish per vegetated surface acre. Most of the landowners interviewed (83%) were satisfied with the results of introducing grass carp. For sites where all submersed macrophytes were eradicated, average turbidity was higher (11 nephelometric turbidity units, NTU) than at sites where macrophytes were controlled to intermediate levels (4 NTU) or unaffected by grass carp grazing (5 NTU). Chlorophyll a was not significantly different between levels of macrophyte control; therefore, we concluded that most of this turbidity was abiotic and not algal. Triploid grass carp were a popular control option and effectively grazed most submersed macrophytes in Washington State. However, calculating stocking rates based on landowner estimates of aquatic plant coverage rarely resulted in intermediate levels of aquatic plant control. Additionally, the effects of particular stocking rates varied considerably. We recommend against using grass carp in Washington lakes where eradication of submersed vegetation cannot be tolerated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0096:EOTGCO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Bonar, S.A., Bolding, B., and Divens, M., 2002, Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 1, p. 96-105, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0096:EOTGCO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"96","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0096:EOTGCO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0815e4b0c8380cd5197a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A.","contributorId":79617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolding, B.","contributorId":54391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolding","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Divens, M.","contributorId":9439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Divens","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025008,"text":"70025008 - 2002 - Records of Northern Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the twentieth century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:40:59","indexId":"70025008","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Records of Northern Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the twentieth century","docAbstract":"The Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) is a common bird in the southern United States that has been expanding its breeding range into the northern United States and southern Canada. During the twentieth century, there were 128 reports of Northern Mockingbird occurrences in North Dakota, including 106 reports during the breeding season (15 April to 31 August) and 22 during the nonbreeding season (1 September to 14 April). The species has been largely absent from North Dakota from January through mid-April. Prior to the 1930s, there was only one record (1916) of the Northern Mockingbird in the state. Observations of Northern Mockingbirds in North Dakota increased markedly between the 1930s and 1990s. On average, there were 0.3 reports of mockingbirds per year in 1931-1940, 0.6 in 1941-1950, 1.1 in 1951-1960, 1.6 in 1961-1970, 2.4 in 1971-1980, 2.3 in 1981-1990, and 4.5 in 1991-2000. The species has been observed in North Dakota nearly annually since 1958. At least six reports during the twentieth century included evidence of nesting (nests or dependent young). Based on mockingbird records during the twentieth century, we designate the current status of the Northern Mockingbird in North Dakota as a rare spring migrant, rare summer visitant, casual nester, and a casual fall and winter visitant.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., and Martin, R., 2002, Records of Northern Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the twentieth century: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 116, no. 1, p. 87-97.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a2aee4b0e8fec6cdb659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, R.E.","contributorId":7654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024890,"text":"70024890 - 2002 - Persistence of an unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in a clear, mountain lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024890","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of an unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in a clear, mountain lake","docAbstract":"The planktonic zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake, Mount Rainier National Park (MORA), was composed almost entirely of rotifers in 1966 and 1967. Adult pelagic crustacean taxa were rare. Their paucity was attributed to predation by kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), which had been stocked in 1961. During a park-wide survey of 24 lakes in 1988, Mowich Lake was the only one that did not contain at least one planktonic crustacean species. Given the apparent persistence of the unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake, the first objective of this study was to document the interannual variation in the taxonomic structure of the zooplankton assemblages in the lake from 1988 through 1999. A second objective was to determine if it was possible to predict the taxonomic composition of the pelagic crustacean zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake prior to the stocking of kokanee salmon. The Mowich Lake zooplankton assemblages in 1988-1999 were consistent with those in 1966 and 1967. Crustacean taxa were extremely rare, but they included most of the primary taxa collected from 23 MORA lakes surveyed in 1988. Nonetheless, the 1988 collections showed that the September rotifer assemblage in Mowich Lake was similar to 10 of the 24 lakes sampled. Seven of the 10 lakes were dominated by cladocerans, primarily Daphnia rosea and Holopedium gibberum. Therefore, it appeared that either one or both of these species may have numerically dominated the crustacean zooplankton assemblage in the lake prior to 1961.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1015279025483","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Larson, G., Hoffman, R., and C. David, M., 2002, Persistence of an unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in a clear, mountain lake: Hydrobiologia, v. 468, p. 163-170, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015279025483.","startPage":"163","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207860,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015279025483"},{"id":233109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"468","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76e4e4b0c8380cd7837d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, G.L.","contributorId":103021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, R.L.","contributorId":28778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"C. David, McIntire","contributorId":93669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"C. David","given":"McIntire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024831,"text":"70024831 - 2002 - Rare earth element variations resulting from inversion of pigeonite and subsolidus reequilibration in lunar ferroan anorthosites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T09:33:19","indexId":"70024831","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth element variations resulting from inversion of pigeonite and subsolidus reequilibration in lunar ferroan anorthosites","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para0060\"><span>We present results of a&nbsp;secondary ion mass spectrometry&nbsp;study of the&nbsp;rare earth elements&nbsp;(REEs) in the&nbsp;minerals&nbsp;of two samples of lunar ferroan&nbsp;anorthosite, and the results are applicable to studies of&nbsp;REEs&nbsp;in all igneous rocks, no matter what their planet of origin. Our&nbsp;pyroxene&nbsp;analyses are used to determine solid-solid REE distribution coefficients (D = C</span><sub>REE</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in low-Ca pyroxene/C<sub>REE</sub><span>&nbsp;in augite) in orthopyroxene-augite pairs derived by inversion of&nbsp;pigeonite. Our data and predictions from crystal-chemical considerations indicate that as primary pigeonite inverts to&nbsp;orthopyroxene&nbsp;plus&nbsp;augite&nbsp;and subsolidus reequilibration proceeds, the solid-solid Ds for orthopyroxene-augite pairs progressively decrease for all REEs; the decrease is greatest for the LREEs. The REE pattern of solid-solid Ds for inversion-derived pyroxene pairs is close to a straight line for Sm-Lu and turns upward for REEs lighter than Sm; the shape of this pattern is predicted by the shapes of the REE patterns for the individual minerals.</span></p><p id=\"simple-para0065\"><span>Equilibrium liquids calculated for one sample from the compositions of primary phases, using measured or experimentally determined solid-liquid Ds, have chondrite-normalized REE patterns that are very slightly enriched in LREEs. The&nbsp;plagioclase&nbsp;equilibrium liquid is overall less rich in REEs than pyroxene equilibrium liquids, and the discrepancy probably arises because the calculated plagioclase equilibrium liquid represents a liquid earlier in the&nbsp;fractionationsequence than the pyroxene equilibrium liquids. “Equilibrium” liquids calculated from the compositions of inversion-derived pyroxenes or orthopyroxene derived by reaction of&nbsp;olivine&nbsp;are LREE depleted (in some cases substantially) in comparison with equilibrium liquids calculated from the compositions of primary phases. These discrepancies arise because the inversion-derived and reaction-derived pyroxenes did not crystallize directly from liquid, and the use of solid-liquid Ds is inappropriate. The LREE&nbsp;depletion&nbsp;of the calculated liquids is a relic of formation of these phases from primary LREE-depleted minerals. Thus, if one attempts to calculate the compositions of equilibrium liquids from pyroxene compositions, it is important to establish that the pyroxenes are primary. In addition, our data suggest that&nbsp;</span>experimental studies<span>&nbsp;</span>have underestimated solid-liquid Ds for REEs in pigeonite and that REE contents of liquids calculated using these Ds are overestimates.</p><p id=\"simple-para0070\"><span>Our results have implications for Sm-Nd age studies. Our work shows that if pigeonite inversion and/or subsolidus reequilibration between augite and orthopyroxene occurred significantly after&nbsp;crystallization, and if pyroxene separates isolated for Sm-Nd studies do not have the bulk composition of the primary pyroxenes, then the Sm-Nd isochron age and ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>will be in error.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00772-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"James, O., Floss, C., and McGee, J.J., 2002, Rare earth element variations resulting from inversion of pigeonite and subsolidus reequilibration in lunar ferroan anorthosites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, no. 7, p. 1269-1284, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00772-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1269","endPage":"1284","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a951ee4b0c8380cd81804","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, O.B.","contributorId":100526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"O.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Floss, C.","contributorId":48341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Floss","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, J. J.","contributorId":92271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024819,"text":"70024819 - 2002 - Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests on aquatic invertebrate assemblages in headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70024819","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests on aquatic invertebrate assemblages in headwater streams","docAbstract":"We conducted a comparative study in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area to determine the potential long-term impacts of hemlock forest decline on stream benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Hemlock forests throughout eastern North America have been declining because of the hemlock woolly adelgid, an exotic insect pest. We found aquatic invertebrate community structure to be strongly correlated with forest composition. Streams draining hemlock forests supported significantly more total taxa than streams draining mixed hardwood forests, and over 8% of the taxa were strongly associated with hemlock. In addition, invertebrate taxa were more evenly distributed (i.e., higher Simpson's evenness values) in hemlock-drained streams. In contrast, the number of rare species and total densities were significantly lower in streams draining hemlock, suggesting that diversity differences observed between forest types were not related to stochastic factors associated with sampling and that streams draining mixed hardwood forests may be more productive. Analysis of stream habitat data indicated that streams draining hemlock forests had more stable thermal and hydrologic regimes. Our findings suggest that hemlock decline may result in long-term changes in headwater ecosystems leading to reductions in both within-stream (i.e., alpha) and park-wide (i.e., gamma) benthic community diversity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f02-003","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., Young, J., Lemarie, D.P., and Smith, D., 2002, Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests on aquatic invertebrate assemblages in headwater streams: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 59, no. 2, p. 262-275, https://doi.org/10.1139/f02-003.","startPage":"262","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207766,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-003"}],"volume":"59","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b2ce4b0c8380cd622bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemarie, D. P.","contributorId":23100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023899,"text":"70023899 - 2002 - Imaging the mantle beneath Iceland using integrated seismological techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:21:48.134963","indexId":"70023899","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging the mantle beneath Iceland using integrated seismological techniques","docAbstract":"<p><span>Using a combination of body wave and surface wave data sets to reveal the mantle plume and plume head, this study presents a tomographic image of the mantle structure beneath Iceland to 400 km depth. Data comes primarily from the PASSCAL-HOTSPOT deployment of 30 broadband instruments over a period of 2 years, and is supplemented by data from the SIL and ICEMELT networks. Three sets of relative teleseismic body wave arrival times are generated through cross correlation:&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>SKS</i><span>&nbsp;arrivals at 0.03–0.1 Hz, and&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>PKIKP</i><span>&nbsp;arrivals at 0.03–0.1 and 0.8–2.0 Hz. Prior to inversion the crustal portion of the travel time anomalies is removed using the crustal model ICECRTb. This step has a significant effect on the mantle velocity variations imaged down to a depth of ∼250 km. Inversion of relative arrival times only provides information on lateral velocity variations. Surface waves are therefore used to provide absolute velocity information for the uppermost mantle beneath Iceland. The average wave number for the Love wave fundamental mode at 0.020 and 0.024 Hz is measured and used to invert for the average&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;velocity. Combination of the body wave and surface wave information reveals a predominantly horizontal low-velocity anomaly extending from the Moho down to ∼250 km depth, interpreted as a plume head. Below the plume head a near-cylindrical low-velocity anomaly with a radius of ∼100 km and peak&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>&nbsp;anomalies of −2% and −4%, respectively, extends down to the maximum depth of resolution at 400 km. Within the plume head, in the uppermost mantle above the core of the plume, there is a relatively high velocity with a maximum&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>&nbsp;anomaly of +2%. This high-velocity anomaly may be the result of the extreme degree of melt extraction necessary to generate the thick (46 km) crust in central Iceland. Comparison of the plume volumetric flux implied by our images, the crustal generation rate, and the degree of melting suggested by rare earth element inversions, suggests that (1) mantle material must be flowing horizontally away from the plume core faster than the overlying lithosphere and (2) the bulk of the plume material does not participate in melting beneath Iceland.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000595","usgsCitation":"Allen, R.M., Nolet, G., Morgan, W.J., Vogfjord, K., Bergsson, B.H., Erlendsson, P., Foulger, G., Jakobsdottir, S., Julian, B., Pritchard, M., Ragnarsson, S., and Stefansson, R., 2002, Imaging the mantle beneath Iceland using integrated seismological techniques: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B12, p. ESE 3-1-ESE 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000595.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"ESE 3-1","endPage":"ESE 3-16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000595","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -13.0078125,\n              64.44437240555092\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.1396484375,\n              65.23830662451157\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.5458984375,\n              66.48697584176404\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.45751953125,\n              66.66168361244144\n            ],\n            [\n              -18.1494140625,\n              66.7745857647255\n            ],\n            [\n              -18.720703125,\n              66.39036142576474\n            ],\n            [\n              -20.4345703125,\n              66.31103501145373\n            ],\n            [\n              -21.24755859375,\n              66.32868478255796\n            ],\n            [\n              -23.027343749999996,\n              66.57448342017541\n            ],\n            [\n              -24.98291015625,\n              65.5766364488888\n            ],\n            [\n              -24.14794921875,\n              64.63329214257156\n            ],\n            [\n              -22.74169921875,\n              64.35893097894458\n            ],\n            [\n              -22.9833984375,\n              63.869714622204825\n            ],\n            [\n              -22.69775390625,\n              63.597447665602004\n            ],\n            [\n              -20.98388671875,\n              63.58767529470318\n            ],\n            [\n              -19.75341796875,\n              63.18410771743059\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.90771484375,\n              63.174193604205094\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.89794921875,\n              64.46332329319623\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.0078125,\n              64.44437240555092\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a388ae4b0c8380cd615ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, R. M.","contributorId":36170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolet, G.","contributorId":26448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolet","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, W. J.","contributorId":10573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogfjord, K.","contributorId":13768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogfjord","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergsson, B. H.","contributorId":19320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergsson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erlendsson, P.","contributorId":95638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erlendsson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jakobsdottir, S.","contributorId":64828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsdottir","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pritchard, M.","contributorId":11358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritchard","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ragnarsson, S.","contributorId":12644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragnarsson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stefansson, R.","contributorId":81650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70024049,"text":"70024049 - 2002 - Environmentalism and natural aggregate mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T15:08:34.92617","indexId":"70024049","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmentalism and natural aggregate mining","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sustaining a developed economy and expanding a developing one require the use of large volumes of natural aggregate. Almost all human activity (commercial, recreational, or leisure) is transacted in or on facilities constructed from natural aggregate. In our urban and suburban worlds, we are almost totally dependent on supplies of water collected behind dams and transported through aqueducts made from concrete. Natural aggregate is essential to the facilities that produce energy—hydroelectric dams and coal-fired powerplants. Ironically, the utility created for mankind by the use of natural aggregate is rarely compared favorably with the environmental impacts of mining it. Instead, the empty quarries and pits are seen as large negative environmental consequences. At the root of this disassociation is the philosophy of environmentalism, which flavors our perceptions of the excavation, processing, and distribution of natural aggregate. The two end-member ideas in this philosophy are ecocentrism and anthropocentrism. Ecocentrism takes the position that the natural world is a organism whose arteries are the rivers—their flow must not be altered. The soil is another vital organ and must not be covered with concrete and asphalt. The motto of the ecocentrist is “man must live more lightly on the land.” The anthropocentrist wants clean water and air and an uncluttered landscape for human use. Mining is allowed and even encouraged, but dust and noise from quarry and pit operations must be minimized. The large volume of truck traffic is viewed as a real menace to human life and should be regulated and isolated. The environmental problems that the producers of natural aggregate (crushed stone and sand and gravel) face today are mostly difficult social and political concerns associated with the large holes dug in the ground and the large volume of heavy truck traffic associated with quarry and pit operations. These concerns have increased in recent years as society's demand for living space has encroached on the sites of production; in other words, the act of production has engendered condemnation. Many other environmental problems that are associated with dust and noise and blasting from quarry and pit operations have been reduced through the efficient use of technology. Recycling concrete in buildings, bridges, and roads and asphaltic pavements will ultimately reduce the demand for virgin natural aggregate. The impact created by the large holes in the ground required for the mining of natural aggregate can be greatly reduced by planning their reclamation before mining begins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1014283519471","usgsCitation":"Drew, L.J., Langer, W.H., and Sachs, J.S., 2002, Environmentalism and natural aggregate mining: Natural Resources Research, v. 11, no. 1, p. 19-28, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014283519471.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09ede4b0c8380cd52105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sachs, Janet Somerville","contributorId":97085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sachs","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"Somerville","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024101,"text":"70024101 - 2002 - High-resolution seismic-reflection investigation of the northern Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate-stability zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024101","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution seismic-reflection investigation of the northern Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate-stability zone","docAbstract":"We recorded high-resolution seismic-reflection data in the northern Gulf of Mexico to study gas and gas-hydrate distribution and their relation to seafloor slides. Gas hydrate is widely reported near the seafloor, but is described at only one deep drill site. Our data show high-reflectivity zones (HRZs) near faults, diapirs, and gas vents and interbedded within sedimentary sections at shallow depth (<1 km). The HRZs lie below the gas-hydrate-stability zone (GHSZ) as well as within the zone (less common), and they coincide with zones of shallow water-flows. Bottom simulating reflections are rare in the Gulf, and not documented in our data. We infer HRZs result largely from free gas in sandy beds, with gas hydrate within the GHSZ. Our estimates for the base BHSZ correlate reasonably with the top of HRZs in some thick well-layered basin sections, but poorly where shallow sediments are thin and strongly deformed. The equivocal correlation results from large natural variability of parameters that are used to calculate the base of the GHSZ. The HRZs may, however, be potential indicators of nearby gas hydrate. The HRZs also lie at the base of at least two large seafloor slides (e.g. up to 250 km2) that may be actively moving along decollement faults that sole within the GHSZ or close to the estimated base of the GHSZ. We suspect that water/gas flow along these and other faults such as 'chimney' features provide gas to permit crystallization of gas hydrate in the GHSZ. Such flows weaken sediment that slide down salt-oversteepened slopes when triggered by earthquakes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0264-8172(02)00107-1","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Cooper, A.K., and Hart, P., 2002, High-resolution seismic-reflection investigation of the northern Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate-stability zone: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1275-1293, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(02)00107-1.","startPage":"1275","endPage":"1293","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207202,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(02)00107-1"}],"volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a312ae4b0c8380cd5dcbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024145,"text":"70024145 - 2002 - Evaluation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024145","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope","docAbstract":"Free-roaming elk and bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area remain the only wildlife reservoirs for Brucella abortus in the United States, and the large number of animals and a lack of holding facilities make it unreasonable to individually vaccinate each animal. Therefore, oral delivery is being proposed as a possible option to vaccinate these wild ungulates. One of the main problems associated with oral vaccination is the potential exposure of nontarget species to the vaccines. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two Brucella vaccines, strain 19 (S19) and the rough strain RB51 (SRB51), in pregnant pronghorn antelope. We conclude that S19 and SRB51 rarely colonize maternal and fetal tissues of pregnant pronghorn and were not associated with fetal death. Oral delivery of either vaccine at this dose appears to be nonhazardous to pregnant pronghorn.","largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","language":"English","issn":"00778923","usgsCitation":"Elzer, P., Smith, J., Roffe, T., Kreeger, T., Edwards, J., and Davis, D., 2002, Evaluation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope, <i>in</i> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 969, p. 102-105.","startPage":"102","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"969","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c10e4b0c8380cd52a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elzer, P.H.","contributorId":18538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elzer","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J.","contributorId":95013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roffe, T.","contributorId":91051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kreeger, T.","contributorId":105879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreeger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, J.","contributorId":91241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024151,"text":"70024151 - 2002 - The Lisse effect revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T16:25:46.314066","indexId":"70024151","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Lisse effect revisited","docAbstract":"The Lisse effect is a rarely noted phenomenon occurring when infiltration caused by intense rain seals the surface soil layer to airflow, trapping air in the unsaturated zone. Compression of air by the advancing front results in a pressure increase that produces a water-level rise in an observation well screened below the water table that is several times as large as the distance penetrated by the wetting front. The effect is triggered by intense rains and results in a very rapid water-level rise, followed by a recession lasting a few days. The Lisse effect was first noted and explained by Thal Larsen in 1932 from water-level observations obtained in a shallow well in the village of Lisse, Holland. The original explanation does not account for the increased air pressure pushing up on the bottom of the wetting front. Analysis of the effect of this upward pressure indicates that a negative pressure head at the base of the wetting front, ??f, analogous to that postulated by Green and Ampt (1911) to explain initially rapid infiltration rates into unsaturated soils, is involved in producing the Lisse effect. Analysis of recorded observations of the Lisse effect by Larsen and others indicates that the water-level rise, which typically ranges from 0.10 to 0.55 m, should be only slightly larger than |??f| and that the depth of penetration of the wetting front is no more than several millimeters.","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02552.x","usgsCitation":"Weeks, E.P., 2002, The Lisse effect revisited: Ground Water, v. 40, no. 6, p. 652-656, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02552.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad94e4b08c986b323ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, Edwin P. epweeks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Edwin","email":"epweeks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":400190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024159,"text":"70024159 - 2002 - Influence of the proximity and amount of human development and roads on the occurrence of the red imported fire ant in the lower Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:41:56","indexId":"70024159","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of the proximity and amount of human development and roads on the occurrence of the red imported fire ant in the lower Florida Keys","docAbstract":"We examined the influence of both the proximity and extent of human developments and paved roads on the presence of the predatory, non-indigenous, red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). This species was inadvertently introduced into the United States at the port of Mobile, Alabama, around 1930 and rapidly spread to many southeastern states, including Florida. More recently, S. invicta colonized the Florida Keys, an area with a high proportion of rare and endemic vertebrate and invertebrate species. We placed bait transects in transitional salt-marsh, pineland, and hardwood hammocks on 13 of the lower Florida Keys and compared habitat type, the shortest distance of the bait transect to a development or road, and area of development and roads 50, 70, 100, and 150 m around each bait transect for areas with and without red imported fire ants. Red imported fire ants were detected on 21 of the 80 transects and were equally abundant in all habitat types. While all of the development and road variables differed significantly between bait transects with and without red imported fire ants, transects that were closest to roads and that had the largest amount of development within a 150 m radii had the highest probability of presence of red imported fire ants. Recovery efforts for endangered species in areas invaded by red imported fire ants should include analyses of the cumulative impacts of roads and developments in areas near protected lands. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00086-1","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Forys, E., Allen, C.R., and Wojcik, D., 2002, Influence of the proximity and amount of human development and roads on the occurrence of the red imported fire ant in the lower Florida Keys: Biological Conservation, v. 108, no. 1, p. 27-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00086-1.","startPage":"27","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207057,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00086-1"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b8be4b0c8380cd62626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forys, E.A.","contributorId":9424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forys","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wojcik, D.P.","contributorId":94814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wojcik","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024190,"text":"70024190 - 2002 - Recruitment variation of crappies in response to hydrology of Tennessee reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70024190","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recruitment variation of crappies in response to hydrology of Tennessee reservoirs","docAbstract":"Black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus and white crappies P. annularis were sampled to index recruitment in seven Tennessee reservoirs (four main-stem and three tributary storage impoundments). Crappie recruitment in tributary storage impoundments appeared to be consistently higher in years of high discharge during the prespawn period (1 January-31 March). A similar relation was found in one main-stem impoundment; however, crappie recruitment in two main-stem impoundments was inversely related to discharge during the spawning period (1 April-30 May), and little recruitment variation was found in the fourth main-stem impoundment. In general, reservoir hydrology appeared to have a stronger effect on crappie recruitment in tributary storage impoundments than in main-stem impoundments, possibly because recruitment was more variable in tributary systems. Thus, it is likely that crappie populations will rarely have strong year-classes simultaneously over a wide geographic area or even within a single watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1393:RVOCIR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Sammons, S., Bettoli, P., Isermann, D., and Churchill, T., 2002, Recruitment variation of crappies in response to hydrology of Tennessee reservoirs: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1393-1398, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1393:RVOCIR>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1398","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1393:RVOCIR>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a358e4b0e8fec6cdb833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sammons, S.M.","contributorId":88513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammons","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, P.W.","contributorId":80606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isermann, D.A.","contributorId":33480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Churchill, T.N.","contributorId":12233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023807,"text":"70023807 - 2002 - Migration and habitats of diadromous Danube River sturgeons in Romania: 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023807","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration and habitats of diadromous Danube River sturgeons in Romania: 1998-2000","docAbstract":"Upstream migrant adults of stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus (10 in 1998, 43 in 1999) and Russian sturgeon, A. gueldenstaedtii (three in 1999) were captured at river km (rkm) 58-137, mostly in the spring, and tagged with acoustic tags offering a reward for return. The overharvest was revealed by tag returns (38% in 1998, 28% in 1999) and by harvest within 26 days (and before reaching spawning grounds) of the six stellate sturgeon tracked upstream. A drop-back of > 50% of the tagged sturgeon, some to the Black Sea, shows a high sensitivity to interruption of migration and capture/handling/holding. Harvesting and dropback prevented tracking of sturgeon to spawning sites. Gillnetting and tracking of stellate sturgeon showed that the autumn migration ended in early October (river temperature 16??C) and identified a likely wintering area at river km (rkm) 75-76 (St George Branch). Thus, fishery harvesting after early October captures wintering fish, not migrants. Rare shoreline cliffs in the lower river likely create the only rocky habitat for sturgeon spawning. A survey for potential spawning habitats found five sites with rocky substrate and moderate water velocity, all ???rkm 258. Drift netting caught early life-stages of 17 fish species and one sturgeon, a beluga, Huso huso, larva likely spawned at ???rkm 258. All diadromous Danube sturgeons likely spawn at ???rkm 258.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00404.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., Suciu, R., and Horgan, M., 2002, Migration and habitats of diadromous Danube River sturgeons in Romania: 1998-2000: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 18, no. 4-6, p. 529-535, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00404.x.","startPage":"529","endPage":"535","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478767,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00404.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00404.x"},{"id":232312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56f5e4b0c8380cd6d951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suciu, R.","contributorId":12658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suciu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horgan, Martin","contributorId":23492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horgan","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016168,"text":"1016168 - 2002 - Persistence of an unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in a clear, mountain lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T16:48:58.316703","indexId":"1016168","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of an unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in a clear, mountain lake","docAbstract":"The planktonic zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake, Mount Rainier National Park (MORA), was composed almost entirely of rotifers in 1966 and 1967. Adult pelagic crustacean taxa were rare. Their paucity was attributed to predation by kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), which had been stocked in 1961. During a park-wide survey of 24 lakes in 1988, Mowich Lake was the only one that did not contain at least one planktonic crustacean species. Given the apparent persistence of the unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake, the first objective of this study was to document the interannual variation in the taxonomic structure of the zooplankton assemblages in the lake from 1988 through 1999. A second objective was to determine if it was possible to predict the taxonomic composition of the pelagic crustacean zooplankton assemblage in Mowich Lake prior to the stocking of kokanee salmon. The Mowich Lake zooplankton assemblages in 1988a??1999 were consistent with those in 1966 and 1967. Crustacean taxa were extremely rare, but they included most of the primary taxa collected from 23 MORA lakes surveyed in 1988. Nonetheless, the 1988 collections showed that the September rotifer assemblage in Mowich Lake was similar to 10 of the 24 lakes sampled. Seven of the 10 lakes were dominated by cladocerans, primarily Daphnia rosea and Holopedium gibberum. Therefore, it appeared that either one or both of these species may have numerically dominated the crustacean zooplankton assemblage in the lake prior to 1961.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1015279025483","usgsCitation":"Larson, G.L., Hoffman, R.L., and McIntire, C.D., 2002, Persistence of an unusual pelagic zooplankton assemblage in a clear, mountain lake: Hydrobiologia, v. 468, no. 1-3, p. 163-170, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015279025483.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier National Park, Mowich Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.86803340911865,\n              46.9331802817613\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85648918151854,\n              46.9331802817613\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85648918151854,\n              46.94314297941333\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86803340911865,\n              46.94314297941333\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86803340911865,\n              46.9331802817613\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"468","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67afc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntire, C. D.","contributorId":35274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024204,"text":"70024204 - 2002 - Further considerations of the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot in volcanology and tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-20T14:19:18.88373","indexId":"70024204","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further considerations of the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot in volcanology and tectonics","docAbstract":"<p>A plot of Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce, for locality averages, effectively separates mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) (Ce/Yb &lt;10, Ba/Ce 1-4.2), oceanic island volcanics (OIV) (Ce/Yb &gt;10, Ba/Ce &lt;6), which are generally hotspot related, and island arc volcanics (IAV) (Ce/Yb &lt;23, Ba/Ce &gt;4.2). The conventional interpretation is that these three types of volcanic environments involve oceanic rift-related, large-volume partial melts (˜20-30%) of a depleted source (MORB), small volume melts (˜5% for alkalic volcanics) of enriched sources related to plumes (OIV), and melts of hydrous-enriched sources during subduction, especially for Ba (IAV). Three OIV sites, however, have average ratios that fall in the MORB field (e.g., Krafla Volcano, Iceland), and these localities also tend to have other geochemical data similar to MORB. Average ratios of Hawaiian tholeiitic shield basalts of Mauna Kea and Koolau volcanoes occupy a restricted field on a plot of Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce of 10-18 for Ce/Yb and 2.8-3.1 for Ba/Ce, a field toward which other shield basalts and cone-building volcanics regress. In general, post-shield alkalic rocks have higher values of Ce/Yb than do tholeiites. Peralkalic basalts (basanites, melilitites, and phonolites) have even higher values of Ce/Yb, reflecting smaller degrees of partial melting (perhaps 1-2%) and melting of sources containing phlogopite that were enriched by CO<sub>2</sub>-dominated fluids. The minor post-erosion nephelinitic suites of Hawaii (e.g., the Honolulu Series on Oahu, and the Koloa suite on Kauai) generally have values both greater than IAV for Ce/Yb and greater than other kinds of OIV for Ba/Ce in a part of the plot previously not found to be occupied by data. Alkali basalts of both these nephelinitic series have the lowest and similar ratios (Ce/Yb ˜ 25; Ba/Ce ˜ 10). In the Hawaiian Islands, there are two trends. One (a), where phlogopite has been interpreted to remain in the source, generally has Ba/Ce decrease away from the alkali basalts as Ce/Yb increases. The other (b), where phlogopite has been interpreted to enter the melt, occupies a field that is high in both Ce/Yb (&gt;30) relative to IAV and in Ba/Ce (&gt;8) relative to the OIV field.</p><p>There are some exceptions, also, for IAV that plot outside the IAV field. The values of Ce/Yb in Mariana Islands samples, for example, are exceptionally low for the IAV (Ce/Yb &lt;5 with many samples &lt;2). Examples of two cross-chain Kasuga Islands, however, have average values of Ce/Yb considerably greater than for any other Mariana Islands data, and individual samples extend from within the IAV field into the OIV field, which may indicate a mixture of IAV and OIV sources (rather than involvement of a hotspot, these island volcanics have been interpreted as magma of OIV entrapped \"plums\" in an IAV \"pudding\" by Stern et al., 1993).</p><p>Not surprisingly, continental arc volcanics (CAV) are generally similar to IAV, but with somewhat greater dispersion in Ce/Yb, perhaps representing a larger contribution of continental materials to the volcanics. Continental rift volcanics (CRV) are complex. The Antarctic rift data fall in the OIV field, and clearly define a hotspot origin for the rift with little contamination in the continental lithosphere, but most CRV data fall in the IAV field (Rio Grande rift tholeiites, Yellowstone Plateau basalts, Columbia River basalts, East African rift basalts). The Yellowstone basalt samples judged to be least crustally contaminated from other considerations (e.g., through Pb and Sr isotopes) approach closest to the OIV or hotspot field in the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot, compatible with a hotspot origin with variable continental lithosphere interactions. The data from the Rio Grande rift have no such trend in Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce. Other trace element and isotopic data are suggestive of a different kind of origin, perhaps melting in the continental lithosphere from pressure release or other causes as suggested in the literature.</p><p>Carbonatites, kimberlites, and ultrapotassic rocks form extreme end members for the peralkalic rocks on the continents with Ce/Yb values in the hundreds and even exceeding 1,000 in natrocarbonatite. Carbonatites and kimberlite type I, however, have Ba/Ce &lt;8 with few exceptions. Ultrapo tassic rocks and kimberlite type II also have Ce/Yb values in the hundreds but with Ba/Ce &gt;9. These rocks, although rare in the ocean basins (e.g., carbonatite on São Vicente Island in the Cape Verdes archipelago, Indian Ocean) plot similarly to their continental cousins. For Hawaii, the nephelinitic suites of both the Honolulu and Koloa series trend from alkali and alkali olivine basalt ratios toward higher signatures for Ce/Yb for other rock types. The Honolulu series, however, progresses towards smaller values of Ba/Ce for nephelinite-melilitite (Ce/Yb ˜ 85; Ba/Ce ˜ 5-7) near the low end of Ce/Yb found in carbonatite/kimberlite type I, whereas the Koloa series progresses toward higher Ba/Ce (Ce/Yb ˜ 65; Ba/Ce ˜ 14-15) for nephelinite-melilitite with Ce/Yb values near the lower end of kimberlite type II/ultrapotassic rocks. Carbonated phlogopitic sources have been proposed for peralkalic rocks of both oceans and continents. Carbonatites and/or kimberlites are suggested to possibly be present at depth under the Hawaiian nephelinitic series and in other OIV environments containing peralkalic suites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.44.10.877","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., 2002, Further considerations of the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot in volcanology and tectonics: International Geology Review, v. 44, no. 10, p. 877-912, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.44.10.877.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"912","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1422e4b0c8380cd5490f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, Bruce R.","contributorId":87554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024611,"text":"70024611 - 2002 - Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:50:53.505412","indexId":"70024611","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>Initial studies of neutron spectrometer data returned by Lunar Prospector concentrated on the discovery of enhanced hydrogen abundances near both lunar poles. However, the nonpolar data exhibit intriguing patterns that appear spatially correlated with surface features such as young impact craters (e.g., Tycho). Such immature crater materials may have low hydrogen contents because of their relative lack of exposure to solar wind-implanted volatiles. We tested this hypothesis by comparing epithermal* neutron counts (i.e., epithermal −0.057 × thermal neutrons) for Copernican-age craters classified as relatively young, intermediate, and old (as determined by previous studies of Clementine optical maturity variations). The epithermal* counts of the crater and continuous ejecta regions suggest that the youngest impact materials are relatively devoid of hydrogen in the upper 1 m of regolith. We also show that the mean hydrogen contents measured in Apollo and Luna landing site samples are only moderately well correlated to the epithermal* neutron counts at the landing sites, likely owing to the effects of rare earth elements. These results suggest that further work is required to define better how hydrogen distribution can be revealed by epithermal neutrons in order to understand more fully the nature and sources (e.g., solar wind, meteorite impacts) of volatiles in the lunar regolith.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001430","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Feldman, W.C., Lawrence, D.J., Maurice, S., Swindle, T.D., and Lucey, P.G., 2002, Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 107, no. E2, p. 3-1-3-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001430.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3-1","endPage":"3-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"107","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a95e4b0c8380cd68e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldman, W. C.","contributorId":40767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feldman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maurice, S.","contributorId":18144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swindle, T. D.","contributorId":68042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swindle","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucey, P. G.","contributorId":72532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucey","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1002950,"text":"1002950 - 2002 - Habitat and movement of lake sturgeon in the upper Mississippi River system, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T16:32:38.87049","indexId":"1002950","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat and movement of lake sturgeon in the upper Mississippi River system, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake sturgeon&nbsp;</span><i>Acipenser fluvescens</i><span>, which are now protected from harvest, are considered rare in the upper Mississippi River and little information is available on the remaining populations. Transmitters were implanted into 31 lake sturgeon from two sites in the upper Mississippi River to describe their habitats and movement. The areas surrounding the tagging sites were core areas for both groups of lake sturgeon based on the high use (about 50% of locations by group) and frequent return to these areas by many of the tagged fish. Core areas contained sites with unique hydraulic characteristics, such that depositional substrates were common yet flow was present; these areas probably provide important feeding habitat for lake sturgeon. Minimal geographical overlap in range occurred between groups, suggesting that river reaches and associated core areas were unique to groups or substocks of fish. Lake sturgeon exhibited complex movement behaviors and had ranges of 3-198 km (median, 56 km) during the study. Tagged fish moved both downstream and upstream through upper Mississippi River navigation dams. However, dams appeared to be intermittent barriers to upstream passage because upstream passage events (10 fish, 19 passages) were fewer than downstream events (13 fish, 35 passages). Extensive use of the Wisconsin River by one group of lake sturgeon tagged in the upper Mississippi River has implications regarding management of a threatened population that transcends regulatory boundaries. Our study indicates that lake sturgeon in the upper Mississippi River system share many movement and habitat use characteristics with populations in other systems. However, significant data gaps preclude development of cogent management strategies, including information on population numbers and dynamics, identification of spawning areas, relations between groups, and assessment of the effects of commercial navigation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131%3C0507:HAMOLS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Knights, B.C., Vallazza, J.M., Zigler, S.J., and Dewey, M.R., 2002, Habitat and movement of lake sturgeon in the upper Mississippi River system, USA: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 3, p. 507-522, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131%3C0507:HAMOLS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"lower Wisconsin River, upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.054931640625,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.054931640625,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae29c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathon M.","contributorId":23098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zigler, Steven J. 0000-0002-4153-0652 szigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0652","contributorId":2410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Steven","email":"szigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, Michael R.","contributorId":9994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001840,"text":"1001840 - 2002 - Records of northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the Twentieth Century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:12","indexId":"1001840","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Records of northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the Twentieth Century","docAbstract":"The Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) is a common bird in the southern United States that has been expanding its breeding range into the northern United States and southern Canada. During the twentieth century, there were 128 reports of Northern Mockingbird occurrences in North Dakota, including 106 reports during the breeding season (15 April to 31 August) and 22 during the nonbreeding season (1 September to 14 April). The species has been largely absent from North Dakota from January through mid-April. Prior to the 1930s, there was only one record (1916) of the Northern Mockingbird in the state. Observations of Northern Mockingbirds in North Dakota increased markedly between the 1930s and 1990s. On average, there were 0.3 reports of mockingbirds per year in 1931-1940, 0.6 in 1941-1950, 1.1 in 1951-1960, 1.6 in 1961-1970, 2.4 in 1971-1980, 2.3 in 1981-1990, and 4.5 in 1991-2000. The species has been observed in North Dakota nearly annually since 1958. At least six reports during the twentieth century included evidence of nesting (nests or dependent young). Based on mockingbird records during the twentieth century, we designate the current status of the Northern Mockingbird in North Dakota as a rare spring migrant, rare summer visitant, casual nester, and a casual fall and winter visitant.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., and Martin, R., 2002, Records of northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the Twentieth Century: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 116, p. 87-97.","productDescription":"p. 87-97","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, R.E.","contributorId":7654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001819,"text":"1001819 - 2002 - Floristic quality assessment of one natural and three restored wetland complexes in North Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:07:58","indexId":"1001819","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floristic quality assessment of one natural and three restored wetland complexes in North Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Floristic quality assessment is potentially an important tool for conservation efforts in the northern Great Plains of North America, but it has received little rigorous evaluation. Floristic quality assessments rely on coefficients assigned to each plant species of a region’s flora based on the conservatism of each species relative to others in the region. These “coefficients of conservatism” (C values) are assigned by a panel of experts familiar with a region’s flora. The floristic quality assessment method has faced some criticism due to the subjective nature of these assignments. To evaluate the effect of this subjectivity on floristic quality assessments, we performed separate evaluations of the native plant communities in a natural wetland complex and three restored wetland complexes. In our first assessment, we used C values assigned “subjectively” by the Northern Great Plains Floristic Quality Assessment Panel. We then performed an independent assessment using the observed distributions of species among a group of wetlands that ranged from highly disturbed to largely undisturbed (data-generated C values). Using the panel-assigned C values, mean C values (</span><span id=\"IE1\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mover><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;>&amp;#x00AF;</mo></mover></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"munderover\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">C</span></span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mo\">¯</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">C¯</span></span></span><span>) of the restored wetlands rarely exceeded 3.4 and never exceeded 3.9, with the highest values occurring in the oldest restored complex; all but two wetlands in the natural wetland complex had a </span><span id=\"IE2\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mover><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;>&amp;#x00AF;</mo></mover></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"math\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"munderover\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mi\">C</span></span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mo\">¯</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">C¯</span></span></span><span> greater than 3.9. Floristic quality indices (FQI) for the restored wetlands rarely exceeded 22 and usually reached maximums closer to 19, with higher values occurring again in the oldest restored complex; only two wetlands in the natural complex had an FQI less than 22. We observed that 95% confidence limits for species richness and percent natives overlapped greatly among wetland complexes, whereas confidence limits for both </span><span id=\"IE3\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mover><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;>&amp;#x00AF;</mo></mover></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"math\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"munderover\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mi\">C</span></span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mo\">¯</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">C¯</span></span></span><span> and FQI overlapped little. </span><span id=\"IE4\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mover><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;>&amp;#x00AF;</mo></mover></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"math\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"munderover\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mi\">C</span></span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mo\">¯</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">C¯</span></span></span><span> and FQI values were consistently greater when we used the datagenerated C values than when we used the panel-assigned C values; nonetheless, conclusions reached based on these two independent assessment techniques were virtually identical. Our results are consistent with the opinion that coefficients assigned subjectively by expert botanists familiar with a region’s flora provide adequate information to perform accurate floristic quality assessments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0126:FQAOON]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mushet, D.M., Euliss, N.H., and Shaffer, T.L., 2002, Floristic quality assessment of one natural and three restored wetland complexes in North Dakota, USA: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 1, p. 126-138, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0126:FQAOON]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}