Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Limecola petalum (World Register of Marine Species, 2020; formerly reported as Macoma balthica and M. petalum), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer (km) south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in south San Francisco Bay, California. This report includes the data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for January 2020–December 2020 (Cain and others, 2022). These data append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974. A major focus of the report is an integrated description of the 2020 data within the context of the longer, multidecadal dataset. This dataset supports the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving- Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
Silver and copper contamination substantially decreased at the site in the 1980s following the implementation by PARWQCP of advanced wastewater-treatment and source-control measures. Since the 1990s, concentrations of these elements in surface sediments have continued to decrease, although more slowly. For example, from 1994 to 2020, the minimum annual mean silver concentration—0.20 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg)—was observed in multiple years. In 2020, silver concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 0.28 mg/kg. These concentrations are 2 to 3 times higher than the regional background concentration. Presently (2020), sediment-copper concentrations appear to be near the regional background level. Over the same period (1994–2020), sedimentary iron and zinc exhibited modest decreases. Sedimentary aluminum, chromium, mercury, nickel, and selenium have not exhibited any trend. Since 1994, silver and copper concentrations in L. petalum have varied seasonally, apparently in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and cyclic growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc, generally were similar in timing and magnitude as those for silver and copper. Downward trends in the silver and zinc concentrations in L. petalum during 1994–2020 were evident and appeared to be related to the general physiological condition of the clam, indicated by a condition index.
Biological effects of elevated silver and copper contamination at the Palo Alto site have been interpreted from data collected during and after the recession of these contaminants. Concentrations of both elements in the soft tissues of L. petalum decreased with sedimentary copper and silver. This pattern was associated with changes in the reproductive activity of L. petalum, as well as the structure of the benthic invertebrate community. Reproductive activity of L. petalum increased as metal concentrations in L. petalum decreased (Hornberger and others, 2000), and presently is stable with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. Analyses of the benthic community structure indicate that the infaunal invertebrate community has shifted from one dominated by several opportunistic species when silver and copper exposures were highest to one in which the species abundance is more evenly distributed, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. Importantly, this long-term change is unrelated to other metals and other measured environmental factors, including salinity and sediment composition. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decrease in dominance coincident with the decrease in metals. Both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and showed signs of increasing abundance in 2020. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly from 2011 to 2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2020.
The reproductive mode of most species that were present in 2020 was indicative of species that were capable of movement either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2020 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, those that have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. The long-term recovery observed after the 1970s can be ascribed to the decrease in sediment pollutants.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M.-N., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Kieu, L.H., and Luoma, S.N., 2023, Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1017, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 51 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133169","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1017/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416135,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1017/ofr20231017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416139,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181107","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1107","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2017"},{"id":416136,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S","text":"Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California (ver 2.0, November 2022)","description":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Thompson, J.K., Kieu, L., Turner, M., and Baesman, S.M., 2022, Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California (ver 2.0, November 2022): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S."},{"id":416140,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171135","text":"Open-File Report 2017-1135","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2016"},{"id":499767,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114697.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416137,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211079","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1079","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2019"},{"id":416138,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191084","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1084","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2018"},{"id":416141,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161118","text":"Open-File Report 2016-1118","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.52598582053362\n ],\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.38564942805466\n ],\n [\n -121.8210169399245,\n 37.38564942805466\n ],\n [\n -121.8210169399245,\n 37.52598582053362\n ],\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.52598582053362\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035
We surveyed for Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) along the upper San Luis Rey River near Lake Henshaw in Santa Ysabel, California, in 2022. Surveys were completed at four locations: three downstream from Lake Henshaw, where surveys occurred from 2015 to 2021 (Rey River Ranch [RRR], Cleveland National Forest [CNF], Vista Irrigation District [VID]), and one at VID Lake Henshaw (VLH) that has been surveyed annually since 2018. There were 71 territorial flycatchers detected at 3 locations (RRR, CNF, VLH), and 6 transient flycatchers of unknown subspecies detected at VID and VLH. Downstream from Lake Henshaw, four territorial flycatchers, including two males and two females, were detected at RRR and CNF. In total, two territories were established consisting of two pairs at these locations. At VLH, we detected 67 territorial flycatchers, including 30 males, 34 females, and 3 flycatchers of unknown sex. In total, 40 territories were established, containing 35 pairs (24 monogamous pairings and 5 polygynous groups consisting of 4 males each pairing with 2 different females, and 1 male pairing with 3 different females), and 5 flycatchers of undetermined breeding status (3 males and 2 flycatchers of unknown sex). Brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater; cowbird) were detected at all four survey locations.
Flycatchers used five habitat types in the survey area: (1) mixed willow riparian, (2) willow-cottonwood, (3) willow-oak, (4) willow-ash, and (5) oak-sycamore. Of the flycatcher locations, 83 percent were located in habitat characterized as mixed willow riparian, and 92 percent were in habitat with greater than 95-percent native plant cover. Exotic vegetation was not prevalent in the survey area.
There were 22 nests incidentally located during surveys: 5 were successful, 1 was seen with eggs on the last visit, 10 failed, and the outcome of the remaining 6 nests was unknown. Three of these nests were parasitized by cowbirds. There were 13 juveniles detected at VLH; no juveniles were detected at RRR or CNF.
Five banded flycatchers were detected during surveys, three of which were confirmed to be adults that held territories in previous years. In addition, two flycatchers with a single dark blue federal band, indicating that they were banded as nestlings in a previous demographic study downstream from Lake Henshaw (Howell and others, 2022), were resighted during surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1173","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2023, Distribution and abundance of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) on the upper San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California—2022 data summary: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1173, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1173.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 12 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147974","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416147,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1173/full"},{"id":416146,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1173/images"},{"id":416145,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1173/dr1173.xml"},{"id":416144,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1173/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416143,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1173/dr1173.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96VC5Y4","text":"Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) surveys and nest monitoring in San Diego County, California","description":"Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2022, Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) surveys and nest monitoring in San Diego County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/ 10.5066/ P96VC5Y4."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.55,\n 33.21\n ],\n [\n -116.55,\n 33.07\n ],\n [\n -116.41,\n 33.07\n ],\n [\n -116.41,\n 33.21\n ],\n [\n -116.55,\n 33.21\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The proliferation of genomic sequencing approaches has significantly impacted the field of phylogenetics. Target capture approaches provide a cost-effective, fast and easily applied strategy for phylogenetic inference of non-model organisms. However, several existing target capture processing pipelines are incapable of incorporating whole genome sequencing (WGS). Here, we develop a new pipeline for capture and de novo assembly of the targeted regions using whole genome re-sequencing reads. This new pipeline captured targeted loci accurately, and given its unbiased nature, can be used with any target capture probe set. Moreover, due to its low computational demand, this new pipeline may be ideal for users with limited resources and when high-coverage sequencing outputs are required. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by incorporating WGS data into the first comprehensive phylogenomic reconstruction of the freshwater mussel family Margaritiferidae. We also provide a catalogue of well-curated functional annotations of these previously uncharacterized freshwater mussel-specific target regions, representing a complementary tool for scrutinizing phylogenetic inferences while expanding future applications of the probe set.
Eco-evolutionary interactions following ecosystem change provide critical insight into the ability of organisms to adapt to shifting resource landscapes. Here we explore evidence for the rapid parallel evolution of trout feeding morphology following eco-evolutionary interactions with zooplankton in alpine lakes stocked at different points in time in the Wind River Range (Wyoming, USA). In this system, trout predation has altered the zooplankton species community and driven a decrease in average zooplankton size. In some lakes that were stocked decades ago, we find shifts in gill raker traits consistent with the hypothesis that trout have rapidly adapted to exploit available smaller-bodied zooplankton more effectively. We explore this morphological response in multiple lake populations across two species of trout (cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii, and golden trout Oncorhynchus aguabonita) and examine the impact of resource availability on morphological variation in gill raker number among lakes. Furthermore, we present genetic data to provide evidence that historically stocked cutthroat trout populations likely derive from multiple population sources, and incorporate variation from genomic relatedness in our exploration of environmental predictors of feeding morphology. These findings describe rapid adaptation and eco-evolutionary interactions in trout and document an evolutionary response to novel, contemporary ecosystem change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpad059","usgsCitation":"Combrink, L., Rosenthal, W.C., Boyle, L.J., Rick, J.A., Krist, A.C., Mandeville, E.G., Walters, A.W., and Wagner, C., 2023, Parallel shifts in trout feeding morphology suggest rapid adaptation to alpine lake environments: Evolution, v. 77, no. 7, p. 1522-1538, https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad059.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1522","endPage":"1538","ipdsId":"IP-145950","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10309971","text":"External Repository"},{"id":429628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Combrink, Lucia L.","contributorId":337367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Combrink","given":"Lucia L.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenthal, William C.","contributorId":337368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenthal","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Lindsey J.","contributorId":337370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyle","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rick, Jessica A.","contributorId":337372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rick","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krist, Amy C","contributorId":337613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krist","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mandeville, Elizabeth G.","contributorId":166947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wagner, Catherine E.","contributorId":337377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Catherine E.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70242838,"text":"sir20235035 - 2023 - Hydrology, water-quality, and watershed characteristics in 15 watersheds in Gwinnett County, Georgia, water years 2002–20","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-09T13:26:47.938016","indexId":"sir20235035","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-20T13:10:06","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5035","displayTitle":"Hydrology, Water-Quality, and Watershed Characteristics in 15 Watersheds in Gwinnett County, Georgia, Water Years 2002–20","title":"Hydrology, water-quality, and watershed characteristics in 15 watersheds in Gwinnett County, Georgia, water years 2002–20","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources, established the Long-Term Trend Monitoring program in 1996 to monitor and analyze the hydrologic and water-quality conditions in Gwinnett County, Georgia. Gwinnett County is a suburban to urban area northeast of the city of Atlanta in north-central Georgia. The monitoring program currently consists of 15 watersheds ranging in size from 1.3 to about 161 square miles. This report synthesizes watershed characteristics and hydrologic and water-quality monitoring data collected for water years (WYs) 2002–20.
The 15 study watersheds were characterized for land-surface elevations, average land-surface slopes, septic densities, sanitary sewer densities, and detention pond areas. Temporal patterns in watershed characteristics were determined for land cover (2001–19), percent imperviousness (2000–20), population density (2000–20), and building density (1950–2022). In 2001, most of the watersheds had at least 45 percent of their land cover composed of developed land cover groups, and by 2019, at least 59 percent of each watershed was developed. Land cover changes occurred most rapidly between 2004 and 2008 at most watersheds. Percent imperviousness in the study watersheds varied substantially and ranged from 14.75 to 55.13 percent in 2019.
Precipitation and runoff were quantified at all study watersheds for WYs 2002–20, and the hydrologic cycle was evaluated both annually and seasonally. Several 1-year or longer droughts occurred during this period. Study area precipitation averaged 51.5 inches per year and runoff averaged 22.5 inches per year. Variations in annual runoff were largely determined by annual precipitation but were also dependent upon watershed storage. Runoff varied seasonally because of high evapotranspiration rates in the summer and changes in base flow associated with seasonal changes in watershed storage. Fifty-one percent of runoff in the study area occurred as base flow. Watersheds with higher imperviousness had higher stormflows because of increased surface runoff and lower base flows because of reduced infiltration that recharges watershed storage.
Turbidity, water temperature, and specific conductance were continuously measured at each study site. These constituents varied seasonally, diurnally, and with streamflow. A minimum of two base-flow and six stormflow samples were collected per year at each watershed and were analyzed for 21 water-quality constituents (water temperature, laboratory specific conductance, pH, and turbidity, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, suspended sediments, nutrients, base cations, trace metals, and total dissolved solids). Concentrations of most particulate constituents were approximately one-half or more orders of magnitude higher in stormflow samples than in base-flow samples. Total copper and zinc stormflow concentrations exceeded the national recommended aquatic life criteria for acute conditions to varying degrees.
Annual loads and yields were estimated for 12 constituents (which include suspended sediments, nutrients, base cations, trace metals, and total dissolved solids) using a surrogate regression model approach and the Beale load estimator. Loads were typically higher for years with higher runoff. The proportional range of annual loads for total suspended solids, suspended-sediment concentrations, total phosphorus, and total lead, however, were 3.2 to 4.8 times larger than for annual runoff. Higher-than-expected annual sediment loads occurred in the years that also had some of the highest peak flows during the period, indicating that large storms are responsible for much of the sediment transport. Large development projects in proximity to streams also were related to years with high sediment loads. Yields from the Crooked Creek and North Fork Peachtree Creek watersheds were typically among the highest for 8 of the 12 constituents. These watersheds had the two highest amounts of developed medium plus high intensity land cover and the two highest percentages of imperviousness. Moderate to strong correlations were identified between seven of the constituent yields and the percentage of developed medium and high intensity land cover groups. Temporal trends in concentrations and loads were identified for 140 of the 300 possible watershed-time period-constituent combinations. There were substantially more negative than positive temporal trends identified during WYs 2003–10, whereas the number of negative and positive temporal trends were similar during WYs 2010–20. Measures of sediment transport had the most negative temporal trends. A few watersheds had consistent trends across several constituents; however, these trends did not appear to be associated with temporal changes in development or imperviousness.
This study provides a thorough assessment of watershed characteristics, hydrology, and water-quality conditions and trends for the 15 study watersheds and can be used to identify possible factors that affect runoff and water quality and determine changes in water-quality conditions. Watershed managers can use these data and analyses to inform management decisions regarding the designated uses of streams, minimization of flooding, protection of aquatic habitats, and optimization of the effectiveness of best management practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235035","issn":"2328-0328; 2328-031X","isbn":"978-1-4113-4517-1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., Henley, J.C., and Hopkins, K.G., 2023, Hydrology, water-quality, and watershed characteristics in 15 watersheds in Gwinnett County, Georgia, water years 2002–20: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5035, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235035.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 106 p; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"122","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-140093","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416037,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS water data for the Nation—U.S. Geological Survey National Water 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South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lsawsc
Researchers routinely study streamflow data to understand the effects of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change, and to develop methods for estimating streamflow at ungaged locations. These studies require streamflow data that are not modified or largely altered by other anthropogenic activities, such as reservoirs or diversions. This report discusses a method for identifying basins with reservoir regulation using a decadal impact metric that characterizes the degree of regulation of a given river reach. The method is applied to U.S. Geological Survey streamgage basins from eight States in the Central United States. Using this metric, 140 streamgages with known regulation effects (annual peak streamflow values qualified with a code 6) were evaluated for their impact metric values in decades with annual peak streamflow values qualified with code 6. Based on the distribution of median impact metric values at these regulated basins, a threshold value of 0.1 was identified as the value that when exceeded was the most characteristic of the regulated streamgage basins in the study area. Streamgage basins from nine States with peak streamflow values that were not qualified with code 6 were evaluated for impact metric values equal to or greater than the established threshold. About 13 percent of streamgages (136 of 1,017) had an impact metric equal to or greater than the identified regulated threshold at some point in their periods of record. The method discussed in this report, which has limitations owing to characteristics of the data underlying the dam impact metric, provides a regionally consistent approach to identifying regulated U.S. Geological Survey streamgage basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Department of Transportation, Iowa Department of Transportation, Michigan Department of Transportation, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Missouri Department of Transportation, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, North Dakota Department of Water Resources, South Dakota Department of Transportation, and Wisconsin Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Marti, M.K., and Ryberg, K.R., 2023, Method for identification of reservoir regulation within U.S. Geological Survey streamgage basins in the Central United States using a decadal dam impact metric: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1034, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231034.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 15 p.; 2 Data Releases; 2 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U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Field relations as well as geochemical and petrologic studies of metaigneous rocks assigned to the Pennsylvanian–Permian Petersburg batholith identify at least two distinct rock types: foliated metagranitoid gneiss and massive to porphyritic granite. Foliated metagranitoid gneiss of mostly granodioritic composition is geochemically distinct from associated massive and porphyritic granitic rocks. These gneissic rocks yield radiometric ages from ca. 425 Ma to ca. 403 Ma and document that many of the rocks assigned to the late Paleozoic Petersburg batholith are 100 m.y. older than the youngest portions of the composite batholith and are part of an earlier infrastructural terrane. Two samples of massive equigranular granite southwest of Petersburg, Virginia, yield ages of ca. 321 Ma and ca. 317 Ma, which are 15–20 m.y. older than ca. 300 Ma ages for porphyritic granite, massive granite, and monzodiorite near Richmond, Virginia. Geologic mapping shows that the Early Pennsylvanian granite southwest of Petersburg is separated from Late Pennsylvanian to early Permian granite near Richmond by a map-scale septum of Silurian–Devonian foliated metagranitoid gneiss, referred to herein as the informal Pocoshock Creek gneiss. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry data from one sample of a quartz-muscovite felsic schist xenolith show a peak age mode of ca. 529 Ma that we interpret to be the maximum depositional age. Inherited zircons from foliated metagranitoid gneiss and massive equigranular granite range from ca. 631 Ma to ca. 376 Ma, but many are Cambrian. Neoproterozoic–Cambrian quartz-muscovite felsic schist and amphibolite, Silurian–Devonian Pocoshock Creek gneiss, and Pennsylvanian–Permian granite comprise a fault-bounded terrane referred to herein as the Dinwiddie terrane. Ages of inherited cores in zircon from igneous rocks and limited detrital zircon geochronology suggest the terrane is of peri-Gondwanan affinity. U/Pb ages of healed fractures in zircon grains from foliated metagranitoid gneiss indicate low-grade deformation of the gneiss at ca. 378–376 Ma, while ca. 320–280 Ma rims on many grains record intrusion of late Paleozoic granite. The temperature-time-deformation history of the Dinwiddie terrane is distinct from the adjacent Goochland and Roanoke Rapids terranes. Orogen-scale dextral transpression likely translated the Dinwiddie terrane southward during the Alleghanian orogeny, at which time they were intruded by Pennsylvanian to Permian granite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02546.1","usgsCitation":"Carter, M.W., McAleer, R.J., Holm-Denoma, C., Occhi, M.E., Owens, B.E., and Vazquez, J.A., 2023, Redefinition of the Petersburg batholith and implications for crustal inheritance in the Dinwiddie terrane, Virginia, USA: Geosphere, v. 19, no. 3, p. 900-932, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02546.1.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"900","endPage":"932","ipdsId":"IP-133680","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02546.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92IZPID","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Whole Rock Geochemistry and Uranium Lead Isotopic Data from the Dinwiddie Terrane, Virginia, USA"},{"id":420240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Dinwiddie terrane","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.49748525226563,\n 37.798681296457076\n ],\n [\n -78.21468653839521,\n 37.79869080070846\n ],\n [\n -78.24158158662492,\n 36.599064764101655\n ],\n [\n -77.49748525226563,\n 36.599064764101655\n ],\n [\n -77.49748525226563,\n 37.798681296457076\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Mark W. 0000-0003-0460-7638 mcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-7638","contributorId":4808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Mark","email":"mcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":215498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Occhi, Marcie E.","contributorId":328758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Occhi","given":"Marcie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":78483,"text":"Virginia Energy - Geology and Mineral Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owens, Brent E.","contributorId":178190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owens","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70256478,"text":"70256478 - 2023 - Survey evaluation of Florida’s freshwater fisheries long-term monitoring program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-06T16:40:27.298109","indexId":"70256478","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-19T11:36:15","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6476,"text":"Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey evaluation of Florida’s freshwater fisheries long-term monitoring program","docAbstract":"Natural resource monitoring programs benefit from routine evaluation. Here, Florida’s statewide Freshwater Fisheries Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) program is used to show how stakeholder surveys can be integral to this process. In 2022, an online questionnaire was sent to internal stakeholders, i.e., state agency personnel who collect, enter, or use freshwater fisheries data for fisheries and habitat management purposes. The survey’s primary objective was to evaluate the program at its 15-year mark; secondary objectives were to compare results with a similar survey conducted at the 4-year mark, compare results among respondents based on experience and functional role, and develop recommendations for strategic initiatives to further improve the program. The survey consisted of 43 questions across six sections of program evaluation: demographics; field sampling; data entry, summary, and reporting; management decision support; programmatic views; and additional input. Respondents generally had positive views of the LTM program, but the survey revealed differences among respondents with different functional roles (e.g., fisheries researchers and managers viewed the decisional value, priority, and sample sizes of LTM data more favorably than habitat managers) while highlighting high-priority future initiatives (e.g., database development). Our results demonstrate the utility of stakeholder surveys as an important step in evaluating monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/fishes8040216","usgsCitation":"Bonvechio, K.I., Paudyal, R., Crandall, C., and Carlson, A.K., 2023, Survey evaluation of Florida’s freshwater fisheries long-term monitoring program: Fishes, v. 8, no. 4, 216, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8040216.","productDescription":"216, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145593","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8040216","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagles) and Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagles) to evaluate dietary exposure to lead, mercury, and anticoagulant rodenticides (AR), all of which were identified by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a priority issue of concern for Mountain Prairie Region 6. Data were needed to inform U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regional programs aimed at reducing exposure to these substances. Carcasses of bald eagles (n=172) and golden eagles (n=142) collected from North and South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nebraska, and Kansas between 2014 and 2017 were assessed for cause of death and liver lead, mercury, and AR level concentrations. Trauma, electrocution, and lead poisoning were the three leading causes of death, affecting 51 percent, 21 percent, and 20 percent of eagles, respectively. Trauma was the leading cause of death for both species, whereas lead poisoning was the second leading cause of death for bald eagles (31 percent) and was only diagnosed as the cause of death in 7 percent of golden eagles. Elevated lead concentrations within the range of subclinical or clinical poisoning (greater than [>] 2 milligrams per kilogram [mg/kg] wet weight) were present in 25 percent of eagles tested, including 36 percent of bald eagles and 11 percent of golden eagles. No association was detected among lead exposure and trauma, electrocution, or infectious disease. Mercury concentrations were considered high (>80 mg/kg dry weight) for only 2 percent of bald eagles and no golden eagles. Brodifacoum was the most common AR detected, present in 56 percent of eagles, including 70 percent of bald eagles and 39 percent of golden eagles; however, death was not directly attributed to AR toxicosis in any case. Results of this study provide baseline data on common causes of mortality and threats to eagles in Region 6 from lead, mercury, and rodenticide exposure and can be used to inform management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service South Dakota Field Office","usgsCitation":"Bodenstein, B.L., Lankton, J.S., Russell, R.E., and Schwarz, M.S., 2023, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle) and Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagle) mortality and exposure to lead, mercury, and anticoagulant rodenticides in eight western and midwestern States, 2014–17: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1016, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231016.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125449","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416004,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Species distribution models have become increasingly important tools for species conservation. This modeling approach can help guide conservation practitioners and inform decisions. Distribution models are particularly relevant for rare species, whose habitat associations are often not well understood. Using species occurrence data, and a variety of predictor variables, we developed three individual distribution models and a weighted ensemble model for the Puerto Rican harlequin butterfly (Atlantea tulita). The ensemble model had the greatest accuracy (AUC = 0.92). Further, the ensemble model indicated 7.1% of the main island of Puerto Rico encompassed suitable habitat for the harlequin butterfly. However, only 0.5% was classified as including the greatest suitability. Using an ensemble modeling approach to delineate areas of the island with suitable environmental conditions may improve habitat conservation efforts for the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez","doi":"10.18475/cjos.v53i1.a3","usgsCitation":"Ramirez-Reyes, C., Vilella, F., Evans, K.O., Street, G., Pacheco, C., Monzon, O., and Morales Perez, A.L., 2023, Geographic distribution of the Puerto Rican Harlequin Butterfly (Atlantea tulita): An ensemble modeling approach: Caribbean Journal of Science, v. 53, no. 1, p. 37-44, https://doi.org/10.18475/cjos.v53i1.a3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"44","ipdsId":"IP-149541","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Puerto 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O.","contributorId":340725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Street, Garrett","contributorId":340727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Street","given":"Garrett","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pacheco, Carlos","contributorId":340728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacheco","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Monzon, Omar","contributorId":340731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monzon","given":"Omar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81651,"text":"Para la Naturaleza","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morales Perez, Alcides L.","contributorId":340733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morales Perez","given":"Alcides","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":81651,"text":"Para la Naturaleza","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70242796,"text":"sir20235037 - 2023 - Documentation of linear regression models for computing water-quality constituent concentrations using continuous real-time water-quality data for the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, Kansas, 2014–21","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:20:18.065954","indexId":"sir20235037","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-18T10:53:24","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5037","displayTitle":"Documentation of Linear Regression Models for Computing Water-Quality Constituent Concentrations using Continuous Real-Time Water-Quality Data for the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, Kansas, 2014–21","title":"Documentation of linear regression models for computing water-quality constituent concentrations using continuous real-time water-quality data for the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, Kansas, 2014–21","docAbstract":"Cheney Reservoir, in south-central Kansas, was constructed to provide a reliable municipal water supply for the city of Wichita, Kansas, and to provide downstream flood control, wildlife habitat, and recreation. Cheney Reservoir will continue to be important for municipal water supply use as needs increase with ongoing population growth and urban development. Advanced notification of changing water-quality conditions near water-treatment facility intakes and in source waters allows water-treatment facilities and resource planning officials to proactively monitor changing conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Wichita, collected water-quality data at the North Fork Ninnescah River above Cheney Reservoir (USGS station 07144780) and Cheney Reservoir near Cheney, Kans. (USGS station 07144790), monitoring sites to update and develop regression models relating continuous water-quality constituents, streamflow, reservoir storage, and seasonal components to discretely sampled water-quality constituent concentrations of interest. Linear regression analysis was used to update and develop models for alkalinity, major ions, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus species), total and dissolved organic carbon, total suspended solids, suspended sediment, fecal indicator bacteria, and atrazine at the North Fork Ninnescah River site and total dissolved solids, major ions, hardness as calcium carbonate, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus species), chlorophyll a, and suspended sediment at the Cheney Reservoir site. New and updated models for both sites are applicable to the period of YSI EXO water-quality monitor and sensor deployment (November 14, 2015, through September 30, 2021, at the North Fork Ninnescah River site; October 1, 2014, through September 30, 2021, at the Cheney Reservoir site). Models and resulting water-quality information included in this report can be used in real time, potentially as guidance for water-treatment processes, and can be used to characterize changes in water-quality conditions over time in Cheney Reservoir and its contributing drainage basin provided that the deployed equipment, sensors, and location do not change.
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A deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), an essential cofactor for enzymes involved in metabolic processes, can be caused by the enzyme thiaminase. Thiaminase in food stocks has been linked to morbidity and mortality due to thiamine depletion in many ecologically and economically important species. Thiaminase activity has been detected in certain bacteria, plants, and fish species, including carp. The invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) presents an enormous burden to ecosystems throughout the Mississippi River watershed. Its large biomass and nutritional content offer an attractive possibility as a food source for humans, wild animals, or pets. Additionally, harvesting this fish could alleviate some of the effects of this species on waterways. However, the presence of thiaminase would detract from its value for dietary consumption. Here we confirm the presence of thiaminase in several tissues from silver carp, most notably the viscera, and systematically examine the effects of microwaving, baking, dehydrating, and freeze-drying on thiaminase activity. Certain temperatures and durations of baking and microwaving reduced thiaminase activity to undetectable levels. However, caution should be taken when carp tissue is concentrated by processes without sufficient heat treatment, such as freeze-drying or dehydration, which results in concentration, but not inactivation of the enzyme. The effects of such treatments on the ease of extracting proteins, including thiaminase, and the impact on data interpretation using the 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) thiaminase assay were considered.
PAD-US provides a comprehensive geospatial database of protected and managed areas in the United States. We assemble known protected areas whose primary purpose is biodiversity conservation, as well as lands and waters that provide public access to nature. As a National Geospatial Data Asset (https://ngda-portfolio-community-geoplatform. hub.arcgis.com/), the PAD-US database (https://www.usgs.gov/programs/gap-analysis-project/science/protected-areas) is an aggregation of land and water management boundaries provided by authoritative sources and standardized into a common format
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration annually supports small projects focusing on data integration for interdisciplinary research, innovative data management, and demonstration of new technologies. This report provides a summary of the 14 projects supported in fiscal year 2019 and outlines their goals, activities, and accomplishments. Proposals in 2019 were encouraged to address the optional disciplinary theme of biosurveillance of emerging invasive species and health threats.
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U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are common mitigation treatments to reduce fire hazards. However, these treatments are infrequently applied together within national parks. The Northwest Gateway project at Lassen Volcanic National Park is an exception to this pattern. Various thinning prescriptions were applied to the project area in 2014, with a subset of the area prescribed burned in 2018 and 2019. To determine responses to these treatments, we analyzed forest structure and fuels data across a network of long-term monitoring plots measured before treatments and in multiple years following treatments. Additionally, we assessed patterns in individual tree growth from cores taken from 101 individual yellow pines (ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson, and Jeffery pine, P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) within the project unit.
Basal area and stem density were reduced following thinning treatments for pole-sized (≤15-centimeter diameter at base height) and overstory trees (>15-centimeter diameter at base height), with sharper reductions in pole-sized trees. Proportional change in live basal area after thinning was highest for pole-size Abies, with more than 80-percent basal area and stem density removed on average. There were large reductions in pole-sized Pinus and Populus. However, Populus trees were not targeted for removal, suggesting that these trees died via other mechanisms. Thinning treatments also resulted in reductions in stand density index values and in surface fuel loading when followed by prescribed fire, particularly for small fuels size classes (such as litter/duff, 1-hour, and 10-hour fuels). Growth of individual residual yellow pine, measured in terms of annual basal area increment, indicated a strong growth release in the years following thinning treatments.
Taken together, these results indicate that forest restoration treatments at the Northwest Gateway project area were effective at reducing stand density and encouraging growth of residual Pinus. Interestingly, our results also indicated that although thinning followed by prescribed fire was most effective at reducing surface fuel loads, harvest techniques such as whole tree yarding may effectively reduce the accumulation of post-treatment residual fuels, especially when combined with hand piling and other targeted treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Land Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Wright, M.C., van Mantgem, P.J., and Farris, C., 2023, Forest structure and residual tree growth at the Northwest Gateway project area, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1021, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231021","productDescription":"viii, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-142044","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1021/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":415516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1021/ofr20231021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415517,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1021/ofr20231021.xml","size":"150 KB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":415518,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1021/images"},{"id":415520,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231021/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Volcanic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.69387227125826,\n 40.64212267418216\n ],\n [\n -121.69387227125826,\n 40.22418532217921\n ],\n [\n -121.01850360817535,\n 40.22418532217921\n ],\n [\n -121.01850360817535,\n 40.64212267418216\n ],\n [\n -121.69387227125826,\n 40.64212267418216\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are planktivorous fish that were originally introduced to the United States for use in fish production ponds and have since escaped these enclosures and are invading the Mississippi River Basin. The silver carp invasion of the Illinois River has a myriad of negative effects on native ecosystems. In this paper, we introduce key dependencies that are likely important in the population dynamics of silver carp: length-dependent egg production and density-dependent growth. Using movement data between two adjacent pools of the Illinois River, we conduct numerical simulations to explore the theoretical effect of harvesting and the use of movement barriers. Results of our model provide insights on how the number of silver carp may respond to movement barriers placed between adjacent harvesting sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Illinois State University","doi":"10.30707/SPORA9.1.1681910439.35821","usgsCitation":"Coles, C., Balas, E., Peirce, J.P., Sandland, G., and Erickson, R.A., 2023, Using integral projection models to explore management strategies for silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): SPORA, v. 9, no. 1, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.30707/SPORA9.1.1681910439.35821.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-142939","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.30707/spora9.1.1681910439.35821","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coles, Cameron","contributorId":330805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coles","given":"Cameron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79022,"text":"Central College (Iowa)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balas, Elizabeth","contributorId":330806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balas","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79023,"text":"Susquehanna University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peirce, James P 0000-0002-7147-3695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-3695","contributorId":316559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peirce","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":47908,"text":"University of Wisconsin - La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandland, Greg J.","contributorId":190137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandland","given":"Greg J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":885971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70243164,"text":"70243164 - 2023 - Insectivorous bat foraging tracks the availability of aquatic flies (Diptera)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T15:23:55.963016","indexId":"70243164","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-17T07:02:46","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insectivorous bat foraging tracks the availability of aquatic flies (Diptera)","docAbstract":"Rivers and their adjacent riparian zones are model ecosystems for observing cross-ecosystem energy transfers. Aquatic insects emerging from streams, for example, are resource subsidies that support riparian consumers such as birds, spiders, lizards, and bats. We collaborated with recreational river runners in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, to record acoustic bat activity and sample riparian insects using light traps at dusk from April through October 2017–2020. River runners collected these data on 1,428 events over 611 sampling nights at 410 sites throughout a 470-km segment of the Colorado River. We documented 71 insect taxa in light traps and recorded 19 bat species with acoustic detectors. We hypothesized that bat activity along this highly regulated river segment would be influenced primarily by variation in prey availability, as compared to other habitat descriptors. We predicted that bat activity would be positively related to aquatic insect catch rates and unrelated to terrestrial insect abundance. We fit Bayesian regression models to test these hypotheses and to quantify the relationship between bat activity and a suite of environmental variables: time of year, time of day, distance from perennial tributaries, distance from rapids, channel width, geomorphic reach, tall vegetation cover, air temperature, and lunar phase. Bat activity was positively related to the abundance of aquatic flies (Diptera), which outcompeted all other prey categories and structural habitat descriptors in our models. Within our dusk sampling period, activity of small myotis (California myotis [Myotis californicus] and Yuma myotis [M. yumanensis]) was high late in the evening and canyon bats (Parastrellus hesperus), conversely, were more active early in the evening. Activity of canyon bats varied seasonally, with peak activity in August. Our results support the hypothesis that aquatic prey, specifically aquatic flies, are key predictors of bat activity along a large, regulated river corridor and demonstrate the power of community science as a tool for ecosystem monitoring.
Monthly temperature and precipitation data for 923 United States Geological Survey 8-digit hydrologic units are used as inputs to a monthly water balance model to compute monthly actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture storage, and runoff across the western United States (U.S.) for the period 1900 through 2020. Time series of these water balance variables are examined to characterize and explain the dry conditions across the western U.S. since the year 2000. Results indicate that although precipitation deficits account for most of the changes in actual evapotranspiration and runoff, increases in temperature primarily explain decreases in soil moisture storage. Specifically, temperature has been particularly impactful on the magnitude of negative departures of soil moisture storage during the spring (April through June) and summer (July through September) seasons. These effects on soil moisture may be particularly detrimental to agriculture in regions already stressed by drought such as the western U.S.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SEDHYD 2023","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD","conferenceDate":"May 8-12, 2023","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"SEDHYD","usgsCitation":"Lucena, Z., Lee, M.T., and East, J.W., 2023, Evaluating methods for applying fouling attenuation shifts to acoustic backscatter data used in suspended-sediment computations, in Proceedings of SEDHYD 2023, St. Louis, MO, May 8-12, 2023, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149116","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":419374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2023Program/s19.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 27.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 27.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucena, Zulimar 0000-0002-1682-2661 zlucena@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-2661","contributorId":178284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucena","given":"Zulimar","email":"zlucena@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":879169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Michael T. 0000-0002-8260-8794 mtlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-8794","contributorId":4228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Michael","email":"mtlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"East, Jeffery W. 0000-0003-1115-3638 jweast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-3638","contributorId":317723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70240711,"text":"70240711 - 2023 - Assessment and guidance for using Laser In-situ Scattering and Transmissometry– Stream-Lined 2 (LISST-SL2)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-25T15:35:38.459122","indexId":"70240711","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-15T10:32:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment and guidance for using Laser In-situ Scattering and Transmissometry– Stream-Lined 2 (LISST-SL2)","docAbstract":"The Laser In-situ Scattering and Transmissometry–Stream-Lined 2 (LISST-SL2) is a second-generation isokinetic river sediment monitoring device that uses laser diffraction to measure suspended-sediment concentration and particle size between 1 and 500 microns in 36 log-spaced bins at a point in a river every second. We compare this latest laser diffraction instrument for suspended-sediment sampling in rivers, with concurrent physical measurements of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and particle size distribution (PSD) and velocity measurements by an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). We collected 136 LISST-SL2 samples along with 61 physical samples for SSC measurement, of which 24 physical samples included PSD measurement, during 2018-2020 from 11 sites in Washington and Virginia, USA. The required computed effective density (mass SSC/volumetric SSC) to convert volumetric SSC by the LISST-SL2 into mass SSC ranged from 0.5 to 5.4 g/mL, with a best-fit value of 2.05 g/mL, while the default value (typically assumed as 2.65 g/mL) is much higher. As the comparison also showed that the LISST-SL2 was not able to measure the finest sediment sizes in suspension, we propose some adjustments of the LISST-SL2 data with a supporting physical sample to account for these effective density and PSD issues. When doing so, we were able to reduce the RMSRE (Root Mean Square Relative Error) to 18% from 117% for SSC, and to 26% from 78% for PSD. LISST-SL2 velocities were generally higher than ADCP velocities with a 21% RMSRE. Our results and guidance will allow for more accurate sampling by the LISST-SL2, which has great potential for studying spatial and temporal variation of suspended sediment characteristics in rivers.
","conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD-2023, Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling Conference","conferenceDate":"May 8-12, 2023","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"SEDHYD","usgsCitation":"Ahammad, M., Czuba, J.A., and Curran, C.A., 2023, Assessment and guidance for using Laser In-situ Scattering and Transmissometry– Stream-Lined 2 (LISST-SL2), SEDHYD-2023, Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling Conference, St. Louis, MO, May 8-12, 2023, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148625","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2023Program/s115.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahammad, Muneer 0000-0002-3995-6507","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3995-6507","contributorId":301943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahammad","given":"Muneer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-9485-2604","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-2604","contributorId":301942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243603,"text":"70243603 - 2023 - Multiscale assessment of shoreline evolution in the US Pacific Northwest via a process-based model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-15T15:26:47.999038","indexId":"70243603","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-15T10:21:30","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multiscale assessment of shoreline evolution in the US Pacific Northwest via a process-based model","docAbstract":"Prediction of shoreline evolution in coastal environments is critical to aid adaptation strategy planning for coastal communities. To perform reliable predictions, process-based shoreline change models have recently gained popularity in many applications. The study region here, Tillamook County, Oregon, on the US Pacific Northwest coast, has recently been experiencing elevated shoreline erosion rates. The inherent uncertainties driving coastal change, e.g., sea-level rise and changing patterns of storminess, emphasize the need for robust shoreline evolution predictions in this region. To this end, we applied CoSMoS-COAST, an ensemble data-assimilated shoreline model that simulates short- and long-term shoreline change processes. We calibrated and validated the model using the hindcasted wave time series and observed shoreline positions and found a strong correlation between the number of observed shoreline positions and the model’s hindcasting skill. Moreover, results revealed an alongshore close-to-uniform shoreline change rate in the past several years, mainly driven by short-term, wave-driven processes. So far CoSMoS-COAST has performed satisfactorily with the spatially sparse supply of quality historical shoreline positions in our application. Moreover, this model resolves various components (e.g., short- and long-term processes) in the shoreline change sufficiently. This study represents a starting point in the long-term projection of shoreline evolution throughout the entire PNW (Oregon and Washington) coastline since Tillamook County features the majority of the coastal settings present in other coastal regions in the PNW.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The proceedings of the coastal sediments 2023","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2023","conferenceDate":"April 11-15, 2023","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Sediments Proceedings, World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789811275135_0133","usgsCitation":"Taherkhani, M., Leung, M., Ruggiero, P., Vitousek, S., and Allan, J., 2023, Multiscale assessment of shoreline evolution in the US Pacific Northwest via a process-based model, in The proceedings of the coastal sediments 2023, New Orleans, LA, April 11-15, 2023, p. 1437-1451, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811275135_0133.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1451","ipdsId":"IP-150388","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science 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Mohsen","contributorId":223951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taherkhani","given":"Mohsen","affiliations":[{"id":18137,"text":"University of Illinois at Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leung, Meredith","contributorId":305379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leung","given":"Meredith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37105,"text":"Oregon State Unversity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean 0000-0002-3369-4673 svitousek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-4673","contributorId":149065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","email":"svitousek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allan, Jonathan","contributorId":46847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allan","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":7198,"text":"Oregon Department Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70243981,"text":"70243981 - 2023 - UAS mapping of surface roughness and digital grain size to assess pre-dam removal baseline conditions along the mainstem Klamath River corridor below Iron Gate Dam, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-30T15:27:47.53012","indexId":"70243981","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-15T10:17:35","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"UAS mapping of surface roughness and digital grain size to assess pre-dam removal baseline conditions along the mainstem Klamath River corridor below Iron Gate Dam, California","docAbstract":"Surface roughness and grain size in river corridors are fundamental indicators of river hydraulics. In hydraulic models for coarse-grained rivers, the roughness parameter is often assumed to be related to a representative grain diameter. This paper documents a workflow for using aerial imagery and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry to map surface roughness and digital grain size (DGS) on gravel bars. In June 2022, an Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) was used to collect aerial imagery at 7 study sites distributed longitudinally downstream from Iron Gate Dam along the mainstem Klamath River. The study sites were selected for repeat monitoring as part of a larger effort to monitor post-dam removal response of the Klamath River to a temporary increase in fine-sediment flux. Advantages of SfM, in comparison to other methods used to acquire high-resolution topography data, is the ability to generate topographic data and orthophotos for DGS analysis from imagery easily collected at multiple spatial scales. UAS imagery was collected at three altitudes (62-m, 15-m, and 4-m), and a workflow for creating georeferenced surface roughness and grain size maps at the patch (100 m2) to site-scale (100,000 m2) was developed. The multi-scale UAS imagery was post-processed, and Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and orthophotos were exported, using AgiSoft Metashape Professional and standardized SfM methods. The DSMs were detrended using an automated tools implemented in ArcGIS to remove bedform gradients and the reach slope. Surface roughness maps were created using the standard deviation of detrended elevations. Plots for DGS analysis were randomly selected from the orthophotos, and DGS was estimated using a wavelet-based method, which minimizes surface disturbance and does not require calibration. For the 62-m survey, the grid-cell resolutions for the DSMs and surface roughness maps was 4 cm, and the orthophotos have a resolution of 2 cm. For the 15-m survey, the resolution of the DSMs and surface roughness maps was 8 mm, and the orthophotos have a resolution of 4 mm. For the 4-m survey, the resolution of the DSMs and surface roughness maps was 3 mm, and the orthophotos have a resolution of 2 mm. The surface roughness maps for the 62-m, 15-m, 4-m surveys provided surface roughness maps suitable for assessing variations in roughness heights across the study sites. The 15-m survey also provided orthophotos suitable for heads-up digitizing of coarse- and fine-grained facies. The 4-m survey provided orthophotos with the grains clearly resolved and suitable for DGS. The wavelet-based DGS analysis used in this study is most appropriate for assessing relative differences in the grain size distributions across a single site or among multiple sites, instead of absolute estimates. This workflow produced a series of digital products to support multi-scale investigations at resolutions appropriate for detecting textural changes in grain size on gravel bars and for producing roughness maps to define roughness parameters for hydraulic modeling.
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The upper and middle reaches of Caulks Creek flow intermittently (only immediately after precipitation), whereas the lower reach flows perennially. This study examines the effects of climate change and added storage on the hydrologic and hydraulic response of the Caulks Creek Basin to design storms. The study uses hydrologic (Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System – HEC-HMS) and hydraulic (Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System – HEC-RAS) models furnished by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). HEC-HMS simulations were used to quantify the peak, volume, and timing of the flow response to a suite of design storms under both normal and wet antecedent conditions and for both the existing storage structures and new storage in the basin. The suite of design storms included all combinations of the following: (a) storm durations: 6-hour and 24-hour, (b) annual exceedance probabilities: 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01, (c) climate conditions: current, 30-year, and 80-year predictions of future climate from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Climate Data Processing Tool. Additionally, for a selection of scenarios, results from the HEC-HMS simulations were used as boundary conditions for two-dimensional (2D) HEC-RAS simulations aimed at understanding how the distribution of velocity, shear stress, and stream power throughout the stream may be affected by projected changes in climate.
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