Introductions of mammalian herbivores to remote islands without predators provide a natural experiment to ask how temporal and spatial variation in herbivory intensity alter feedbacks between plant and soil processes. We investigated ecosystem effects resulting from introductions of Rangifer tarandus (hereafter “Rangifer”) to native mammalian predator- and herbivore-free islands in the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska. We hypothesized that the maritime tundra of these islands would experience either: (1) accelerated ecosystem processes mediated by positive feedbacks between increased graminoid production and rapid nitrogen cycling; or (2) decelerated processes mediated by herbivory that stimulated shrub domination and lowered soil fertility. We measured summer plant and soil properties across three islands representing a chronosequence of elapsed time post-Rangifer introduction (Atka: ~100 yr; Adak: ~50; Kagalaska: ~0), with distinct stages of irruptive population dynamics of Rangifer nested within each island (Atka: irruption, K-overshoot, decline, K-re-equilibration; Adak: irruption, K-overshoot; Kagalaska: initial introduction). We also measured Rangifer spatial use within islands (indexed by pellet group counts) to determine how ecosystem processes responded to spatial variation in herbivory. Vegetation community response to herbivory varied with temporal and spatial scale. When comparing temporal effects using the island chronosequence, increased time since herbivore introduction led to more graminoids and fewer dwarf-shrubs, lichens, and mosses. Slow-growingCladonia lichens that are highly preferred winter forage were decimated on both long-termRangifer-occupied islands. In addition, linear relations between more concentrated Rangifer spatial use and reductions in graminoid and forb biomass within islands added spatial heterogeneity to long-term patterns identified by the chronosequence. These results support, in part, the hypothesis that Rangifer population persistence on islands is facilitated by successful exploitation of graminoid biomass as winter forage after palatable lichens are decimated. However, the shift from shrubs to graminoids was expected to enhance rates of nitrogen cycling, yet rates of net N-mineralization, NH4+ pools, and soil δ15N declined markedly along the chronosequence and were weakly associated with spatial use within islands. Overall plant and soil patterns were disrupted but responded differently to intermediate (50 yr) and long-term (100 yr) herbivory, and were correlated with distinct stages of irruptive population dynamics.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1219","collaboration":"USFWS","usgsCitation":"Ricca, M.A., Miles, A.K., Van Vuren, D., and Eviner, V.T., 2016, Impacts of introduced Rangifer on ecosystem processes of maritime tundra on subarctic islands: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1219.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"Article e01219","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068619","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -177.01171875,\n 51.5429188223739\n ],\n [\n -177.01171875,\n 52.449314140869696\n ],\n [\n -173.924560546875,\n 52.449314140869696\n ],\n [\n -173.924560546875,\n 51.5429188223739\n ],\n [\n -177.01171875,\n 51.5429188223739\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e7e0b9e4b0f59b85d6aa79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ricca, Mark A. 0000-0003-1576-513X mark_ricca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-513X","contributorId":139103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark","email":"mark_ricca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Vuren, Dirk H.","contributorId":89408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Vuren","given":"Dirk H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eviner, Valerie T.","contributorId":167553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eviner","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":24746,"text":"Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169297,"text":"70169297 - 2016 - The role of competition – colonization tradeoffs and spatial heterogeneity in promoting trematode coexistence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T11:22:24","indexId":"70169297","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-10T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of competition – colonization tradeoffs and spatial heterogeneity in promoting trematode coexistence","docAbstract":"Competition – colonization tradeoffs occur in many systems, and theory predicts that they can strongly promote species coexistence. However, there is little empirical evidence that observed competition – colonization tradeoffs are strong enough to maintain diversity in natural systems. This is due in part to a mismatch between theoretical assumptions and biological reality in some systems. We tested whether a competition – colonization tradeoff explains how a diverse trematode guild coexists in California horn snail populations, a system that meets the requisite criteria for the tradeoff to promote coexistence. A field experiment showed that subordinate trematode species tended to have higher colonization rates than dominant species. This tradeoff promoted coexistence in parameterized models but did not fully explain trematode diversity and abundance, suggesting a role of additional diversity maintenance mechanisms. Spatial heterogeneity is an alternative way to promote coexistence if it isolates competing species. We used scale transition theory to expand the competition – colonization tradeoff model to include spatial variation. The parameterized model showed that spatial variation in trematode prevalence did not isolate most species sufficiently to explain the overall high diversity, but could benefit some rare species. Together, the results suggest that several mechanisms combine to maintain diversity, even when a competition – colonization tradeoff occurs.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-0753.1","usgsCitation":"Mordecai, E., Jaramillo, A.G., Ashford, J.E., Hechinger, R., and Lafferty, K.D., 2016, The role of competition – colonization tradeoffs and spatial heterogeneity in promoting trematode coexistence: Ecology, v. 97, no. 6, p. 1484-1496, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0753.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1484","endPage":"1496","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067090","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fd3e4b0f59b85e1ebd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mordecai, Erin A.","contributorId":9113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mordecai","given":"Erin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaramillo, Alejandra G.","contributorId":149800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaramillo","given":"Alejandra","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashford, Jacob E.","contributorId":149801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashford","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hechinger, Ryan F.","contributorId":73730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hechinger","given":"Ryan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174947,"text":"70174947 - 2016 - Changing regional emissions of airborne pollutants reflected in the chemistry of snowpacks and wetfall in the Rocky Mountain region, USA, 1993–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T10:27:49","indexId":"70174947","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-10T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing regional emissions of airborne pollutants reflected in the chemistry of snowpacks and wetfall in the Rocky Mountain region, USA, 1993–2012","docAbstract":"Wintertime precipitation sample data from 55 Snowpack sites and 17 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network Wetfall sites in the Rocky Mountain region were examined to identify long-term trends in chemical concentration, deposition, and precipitation using Regional and Seasonal Kendall tests. The Natural Resources Conservation Service snow-telemetry (SNOTEL) network provided snow-water-equivalent data from 33 sites located near Snowpack- and NADP Wetfall-sampling sites for further comparisons. Concentration and deposition of ammonium, calcium, nitrate, and sulfate were tested for trends for the period 1993–2012. Precipitation trends were compared between the three monitoring networks for the winter seasons and downward trends were observed for both Snowpack and SNOTEL networks, but not for the NADP Wetfall network. The dry-deposition fraction of total atmospheric deposition, relative to wet deposition, was shown to be considerable in the region. Potential sources of regional airborne pollutant emissions were identified from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2011 National Emissions Inventory, and from long-term emissions data for the period 1996–2013. Changes in the emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide were reflected in significant trends in snowpack and wetfall chemistry. In general, ammonia emissions in the western USA showed a gradual increase over the past decade, while ammonium concentrations and deposition in snowpacks and wetfall showed upward trends. Emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide declined while regional trends in snowpack and wetfall concentrations and deposition of nitrate and sulfate were downward.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-016-2784-4","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, G.P., Miller, D.C., Morris, K.H., McMurray, J.A., Port, G.M., and Caruso, B., 2016, Changing regional emissions of airborne pollutants reflected in the chemistry of snowpacks and wetfall in the Rocky Mountain region, USA, 1993–2012: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 227, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2784-4.","productDescription":"Article 94; 18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075003","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"227","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57934442e4b0eb1ce79e8bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Debra C.","contributorId":173088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27147,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Golden, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, Kristi H.","contributorId":173089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Kristi","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27148,"text":"National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Denver, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMurray, Jill A.","contributorId":173090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMurray","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27149,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Northern and Intermountain Regions, Bozeman, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Port, Garrett M. gport@usgs.gov","contributorId":5158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Port","given":"Garrett","email":"gport@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caruso, Brian bcaruso@usgs.gov","contributorId":173087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"Brian","email":"bcaruso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70171467,"text":"70171467 - 2016 - Interannual and long-term changes in the trophic state of a multibasin lake: Effects of morphology, climate, winter aeration, and beaver activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T13:47:13","indexId":"70171467","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual and long-term changes in the trophic state of a multibasin lake: Effects of morphology, climate, winter aeration, and beaver activity","docAbstract":"Little St. Germain Lake (LSG), a relatively pristine multibasin lake in Wisconsin, USA, was examined to determine how morphologic (internal), climatic (external), anthropogenic (winter aeration), and natural (beaver activity) factors affect the trophic state (phosphorus, P; chlorophyll, CHL; and Secchi depth, SD) of each of its basins. Basins intercepting the main flow and external P sources had highest P and CHL and shallowest SD. Internal loading in shallow, polymictic basins caused P and CHL to increase and SD to decrease as summer progressed. Winter aeration used to eliminate winterkill increased summer internal P loading and decreased water quality, while reductions in upstream beaver impoundments had little effect on water quality. Variations in air temperature and precipitation affected each basin differently. Warmer air temperatures increased productivity throughout the lake and decreased clarity in less eutrophic basins. Increased precipitation increased P in the basins intercepting the main flow but had little effect on the isolated deep West Bay. These relations are used to project effects of future climatic changes on LSG and other temperate lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0249","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Rose, W., and Reneau, P.C., 2016, Interannual and long-term changes in the trophic state of a multibasin lake: Effects of morphology, climate, winter aeration, and beaver activity: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, p. 445-460, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0249.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"460","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057680","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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earthquake (magnitude 7.8) on 25 April 2015 and later aftershocks struck South Asia, killing ~9000 people and damaging a large region. Supported by a large campaign of responsive satellite data acquisitions over the earthquake disaster zone, our team undertook a satellite image survey of the earthquakes’ induced geohazards in Nepal and China and an assessment of the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on quake-induced landslides. Timely analysis and communication aided response and recovery and informed decision-makers. We mapped 4312 coseismic and postseismic landslides. We also surveyed 491 glacier lakes for earthquake damage but found only nine landslide-impacted lakes and no visible satellite evidence of outbursts. Landslide densities correlate with slope, peak ground acceleration, surface downdrop, and specific metamorphic lithologies and large plutonic intrusions.
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B.","contributorId":167445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrestha","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":53},{"text":"Shukla, A.","contributorId":167446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":54},{"text":"Stumm, D.","contributorId":167447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stumm","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":55},{"text":"van der Kooij, M.","contributorId":167448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Kooij","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":56},{"text":"Voss, K.","contributorId":167449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voss","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":57},{"text":"Xin, Wang","contributorId":167450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xin","given":"Wang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":58},{"text":"Weihs, B.","contributorId":167451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weihs","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":59},{"text":"Lizong, Wu","contributorId":167452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lizong","given":"Wu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":60},{"text":"Xiaojun, Yao","contributorId":167453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiaojun","given":"Yao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":61},{"text":"Yoder, M. R.","contributorId":167454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoder","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":62},{"text":"Young, N.","contributorId":35549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":63}]}} ,{"id":70168948,"text":"70168948 - 2016 - Uncertainty in Vs30-based site response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T11:37:08","indexId":"70168948","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-09T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty in Vs30-based site response","docAbstract":"Methods that account for site response range in complexity from simple linear categorical adjustment factors to sophisticated nonlinear constitutive models. Seismic‐hazard analysis usually relies on ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs); within this framework site response is modeled statistically with simplified site parameters that include the time‐averaged shear‐wave velocity to 30 m (VS30) and basin depth parameters. Because VS30 is not known in most locations, it must be interpolated or inferred through secondary information such as geology or topography. In this article, we analyze a subset of stations for which VS30 has been measured to address effects of VS30 proxies on the uncertainty in the ground motions as modeled by GMPEs. The stations we analyze also include multiple recordings, which allow us to compute the repeatable site effects (or empirical amplification factors [EAFs]) from the ground motions. Although all methods exhibit similar bias, the proxy methods only reduce the ground‐motion standard deviations at long periods when compared to GMPEs without a site term, whereas measured VS30 values reduce the standard deviations at all periods. The standard deviation of the ground motions are much lower when the EAFs are used, indicating that future refinements of the site term in GMPEs have the potential to substantially reduce the overall uncertainty in the prediction of ground motions by GMPEs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150214","usgsCitation":"Thompson, E.M., and Wald, D.J., 2016, Uncertainty in Vs30-based site response: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 2, p. 453-463, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150214.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"463","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072079","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e1492ce4b00e6e7616095c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":146592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162293,"text":"sir20165004 - 2016 - Effects of streamflows on stream-channel morphology in the eastern Niobrara National Scenic River, Nebraska, 1988–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-09T15:13:44","indexId":"sir20165004","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5004","title":"Effects of streamflows on stream-channel morphology in the eastern Niobrara National Scenic River, Nebraska, 1988–2010","docAbstract":"The Niobrara River is an important and valuable economic and ecological resource in northern Nebraska that supports ecotourism, recreational boating, wildlife, fisheries, agriculture, and hydroelectric power. Because of its uniquely rich resources, a 122-kilometer reach of the Niobrara River was designated as a National Scenic River in 1991, which has been jointly managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Park Service. To assess how the remarkable qualities of the National Scenic River may change if consumptive uses of water are increased above current levels, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, initiated an investigation of how stream-channel morphology might be affected by potential decreases in summer streamflows. The study included a 65-kilometer segment in the wide, braided eastern stretch of the Niobrara National Scenic River that provides important nesting habitat for migratory bird species of concern to the Nation.
\nThe study focused on three river segments, separated at the confluences with two tributaries, Plum Creek and Long Pine Creek. With an overall temporal scope of 1988–2010 that includes a short interval preceding and a long interval following the Niobrara National Scenic River Designation Act of 1991, the study analyzed five separate time periods: 1988–93, 1994–99, 2000–3, 2004–6, and 2007–10, each of which ended with a year in which aerial photography coverage was available.
\nStreamflow duration was analyzed for one streamgage upstream from the study area and two streamgages on tributary streams within the study area. Summer streamflows (July, August, and September) were targeted for analysis because median flows of the Niobrara River are lowest during those 3 months. In addition, peak flows during the study period were used to estimate bankfull discharge, which is one determinant of channel dimensions.
\nChanges in channel morphology were examined using aerial photographs from 1993, 1999, 2003, 2006, and 2010 to measure channel width, area of islands, and incipient flood-plain surfaces, and to compute the braided index. Channel metrics were computed for each photography year and summarized by river segment. Additionally, at fixed-location cross sections, photography analysis identified localized geomorphic change to infer processes. Accuracy of geomorphic feature classification was estimated and the root-mean-square difference (RMSD) between aerial photographs was calculated to determine associated errors in channel metric calculations. The horizontal accuracy of boundaries delineated in the classification was estimated as 5 meters (m) for boundaries based on 1993 aerial photography and 4 m for all other aerial photography. The RMSD between aerial photography years ranged from 3.04 m to 4.16 m.
\nThe largest measurable changes in channel metrics were measured between 1993 and 1999 and between 1999 and 2003. Between 1993 and 1999, average total channel width increased by 9 m (3 percent) and 14 m (5 percent) in segments 2 and 3, respectively; average active channel width increased by 13 m (5 percent) in segment 3 and decreased by 6 m (4 percent) in segment 1; and incipient flood-plain-surface area increased by 40, 44, and 33 percent in segments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Changes in channel metrics between 1999 and 2003 included a decrease in average total channel width of 14 m (5 percent) in segment 2; a decrease in active channel widths of 8 m (3 percent) and 6 m (2 percent) in segments 2 and 3, respectively; and an increase of 5 m (3 percent) in segment 1. Incipient flood-plain areas decreased by 22 and 33 percent in segments 1 and 2, respectively, and increased by 42 percent in segment 3.
\nLarge changes were measured between 1993 and 1999, and between 1999 and 2003, at many of the fixed-location cross sections. Large changes (that is, greater than 25 percent) in total channel width were measured in all three segments between 1993 and 1999 and again between 1999 and 2003; large increases were dominant between 1993 and 1999 and large decreases were dominant between 1999 and 2003. Segment 1 was the most susceptible to localized changes as there was only one period (between 2003 and 2006) in which the active channel width largely changed in fewer than 10 percent of the cross sections.
\nChanges in channel metrics generally corresponded to changes in streamflow conditions, but other than changes in incipient flood-plain area, these changes were small and were not measured in all three segments simultaneously. Increases in total channel width (except in segment 1) and incipient flood-plain area between 1993 and 1999 corresponded to increases in streamflow. Channel narrowing (except in segment 1) between 1999 and 2003 corresponded to lower summer streamflows and extended durations of very low summer streamflow. Although the pattern of low summer streamflow and extended durations of very low summer streamflow continued during the 2004–6 period and at the beginning of the 2007–10 period, no further narrowing was measured. Consistent tributary summer inflows help to explain the resistance of segments 2 and 3 to further narrowing. Because segment 1 is already much narrower than segments 2 and 3, its average current velocity is likely to be swifter and, therefore, competent to offset further effects of the processes that led to its narrowness.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Schaepe, N.J., Alexander, J.S., and Folz-Donahue, Kiernan, 2016, Effects of streamflows on stream-channel morphology in the eastern Niobrara National Scenic River, Nebraska, 1988–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5004, 30 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165004.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063713","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318685,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5004/sir20165004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5004"},{"id":318684,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5004/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Niobrara National Scenic River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.5523681640625,\n 42.706659563510385\n ],\n [\n -100.5523681640625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -99.3218994140625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -99.3218994140625,\n 42.706659563510385\n ],\n [\n -100.5523681640625,\n 42.706659563510385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, Nebraska 68512
Four commercially available ultraviolet nitrate spectrophotometric sensors were evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) to determine the effects of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) on sensor accuracy. The evaluated sensors were: the Hach NITRATAX plus sc (5-millimeters (mm) path length), Hach NITRATAX plus sc (2 mm), S::CAN Spectro::lyser (5 mm), and the Satlantic SUNA V2 (5 mm). A National Institute of Standards and Technology-traceable nitrate-free sediment standard was purchased and used to create the turbid environment, and an easily made filtered tea solution was used for the CDOM test. All four sensors performed well in the test that evaluated the effect of suspended sediment on accuracy. The Hach 5 mm, Hach 2 mm, and the SUNA V2 met their respective manufacturer accuracy specifications up to concentrations of 4,500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) SSC. The S::CAN failed to meet its accuracy specifications when the SSC concentrations exceeded 4,000 mg/L. Test results from the effect of CDOM on accuracy indicated a significant skewing of data from all four sensors and showed an artificial elevation of measured nitrate to varying amounts. Of the four sensors tested, the Satlantic SUNA V2’s accuracy was affected the least in the CDOM test. The nitrate concentration measured by the SUNA V2 was approximately 24 percent higher than the actual concentration when estimated total organic carbon values exceeded 44 mg/L. Measured nitrate concentration falsely increased 49 percent when measured by the Hach 5 mm, and 75 percent when measured by the Hach 2 mm. The S::CAN’s reported nitrate concentration increased 96 percent. Path length plays an important role in the sensor’s ability to compensate measurements for matrix interferences, but does not solely determine how well a sensor can handle all interferences. The sensor’s proprietary algorithms also play a key role in matrix interference compensation. The sensors’ ability to compensate for CDOM varied significantly during the tests, even among the three with 5-mm path lengths. Results of this evaluation suggest that the proprietary algorithms of the nitrate analyzers are more effective compensating for suspended sediment, and less effective compensating for CDOM (color) when sensor path length remains constant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161014","usgsCitation":"Snazelle, T.T., 2016, The effect of suspended sediment and color on ultraviolet spectrophotometric nitrate sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2016−1014, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161014.","productDescription":"Report: v,10 p.; Tables: 2-4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064543","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318658,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1014/ofr20161014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1014"},{"id":318676,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1014/table/ofr20161014_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4 - Nitrate measurements by four ultraviolet sensors in water with a 5-mg-NL concentration with varying concentrations ofChief, Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 2101
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529
http://water.usgs.gov/hif/
Nearly all of the ecosystem services supported by rangelands, including production of livestock forage, carbon sequestration, and provisioning of clean water, are negatively impacted by soil erosion. Accordingly, monitoring the severity, spatial extent, and rate of soil erosion is essential for long-term sustainable management. Traditional field-based methods of monitoring erosion (sediment traps, erosion pins, and bridges) can be labor intensive and therefore are generally limited in spatial intensity and/or extent. There is a growing effort to monitor natural resources at broad scales, which is driving the need for new soil erosion monitoring tools. One remote-sensing technique that can be used to monitor soil movement is a time series of digital elevation models (DEMs) created using aerial photogrammetry methods. By geographically coregistering the DEMs and subtracting one surface from the other, an estimate of soil elevation change can be created. Such analysis enables spatially explicit quantification and visualization of net soil movement including erosion, deposition, and redistribution. We constructed DEMs (12-cm ground sampling distance) on the basis of aerial photography immediately before and 1 year after a vegetation removal treatment on a 31-ha Piñon-Juniper woodland in southeastern Utah to evaluate the use of aerial photography in detecting soil surface change. On average, we were able to detect surface elevation change of ± 8−9cm and greater, which was sufficient for the large amount of soil movement exhibited on the study area. Detecting more subtle soil erosion could be achieved using the same technique with higher-resolution imagery from lower-flying aircraft such as unmanned aerial vehicles. DEM differencing and process-focused field methods provided complementary information and a more complete assessment of soil loss and movement than any single technique alone. Photogrammetric DEM differencing could be used as a technique to quantitatively monitor surface change over time relative to management activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2015.10.012","usgsCitation":"Gillan, J.K., Karl, J., Barger, N., Elaksher, A., and Duniway, M.C., 2016, Spatially explicit rangeland erosion monitoring using high-resolution digital aerial imagery: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 69, no. 2, p. 95-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2015.10.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059477","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Shay Mesa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.6,\n 37.9\n ],\n [\n -109.6,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 37.9\n ],\n [\n -109.6,\n 37.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dff7b3e4b015c306fcda06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillan, Jeffrey K.","contributorId":51656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillan","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Jason W.","contributorId":22616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Jason W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barger, Nichole N.","contributorId":102392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barger","given":"Nichole N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elaksher, Ahmed","contributorId":72305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elaksher","given":"Ahmed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168523,"text":"ofr20161017 - 2016 - Hydrologic conditions, recharge, and baseline water quality of the surficial aquifer system at Jekyll Island, Georgia, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T16:58:20.689444","indexId":"ofr20161017","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-08T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1017","title":"Hydrologic conditions, recharge, and baseline water quality of the surficial aquifer system at Jekyll Island, Georgia, 2012-13","docAbstract":"An increase of groundwater withdrawals from the surficial aquifer system on Jekyll Island, Georgia, prompted an investigation of hydrologic conditions and water quality by the U.S. Geological Survey during October 2012 through December 2013. The study demonstrated the importance of rainfall as the island’s main source of recharge to maintain freshwater resources by replenishing the water table from the effects of hydrologic stresses, primarily evapotranspiration and pumping. Groundwater-flow directions, recharge, and water quality of the water-table zone on the island were investigated by installing 26 shallow wells and three pond staff gages to monitor groundwater levels and water quality in the water-table zone. Climatic data from Brunswick, Georgia, were used to calculate potential maximum recharge to the water-table zone on Jekyll Island. A weather station located on the island provided only precipitation data. Additional meteorological data from the island would enhance potential evapotranspiration estimates for recharge calculations.
\nGroundwater levels and specific-conductance measurements showed the dependence of freshwater resources on rainfall to recharge the water-table zone of the surficial aquifer system and to influence groundwater flow on Jekyll Island. The unseasonably dry conditions during November 2012 to April 2013 induced saline water infiltration to the water-table zone from the marshland separating the Jekyll River from the island. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.97) of specific conductance to chloride concentration in water samples from wells installed in the water-table zone provided support for the determination of seasonal directions of groundwater flow by confirming salinity changes in the water-table zone. Unseasonably wet conditions during the late spring to August caused groundwater-flow reversals in some areas. The high dependence of the water-table zone in the surficial aquifer system on precipitation to replenish the aquifer with freshwater underscored the importance of monitoring groundwater levels, water quality, and water use to identify aquifer-discharge conditions that have the potential to promote seawater encroachment and degrade freshwater resources on Jekyll Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Jekyll Island Authority","usgsCitation":"Gordon, D.W., and Torak, L.J., 2016, Hydrologic conditions, recharge, and baseline water quality of the surficial aquifer system at Jekyll Island, Georgia, 2012–13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1017, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161017.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Appendixes: 1-3","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055404","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1017/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318641,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1017/ofr20161017_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3. Groundwater-Level Measurements Made onDirector, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
The western United States is vulnerable to socioeconomic disruption due to extreme winter precipitation and floods. Traditionally, forecasts of precipitation and river discharge provide the basis for preparations. Herein we show that earlier event awareness may be possible through use of horizontal water vapor transport (integrated vapor transport (IVT)) forecasts. Applying the potential predictability concept to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction global ensemble reforecasts, across 31 winters, IVT is found to be more predictable than precipitation. IVT ensemble forecasts with the smallest spreads (least forecast uncertainty) are associated with initiation states with anomalously high geopotential heights south of Alaska, a setup conducive for anticyclonic conditions and weak IVT into the western United States. IVT ensemble forecasts with the greatest spreads (most forecast uncertainty) have initiation states with anomalously low geopotential heights south of Alaska and correspond to atmospheric rivers. The greater IVT predictability could provide warnings of impending storminess with additional lead times for hydrometeorological applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2016GL067765","usgsCitation":"Lavers, D.A., Waliser, D.E., Ralph, F.M., and Dettinger, M.D., 2016, Predictability of horizontal water vapor transport relative to precipitation: Enhancing situational awareness for forecasting western U.S. extreme precipitation and flooding: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 5, p. 2275-2282, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067765.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2275","endPage":"2282","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074402","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl067765","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f661ade4b07d796bf770ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lavers, David A.","contributorId":167847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lavers","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24837,"text":"Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waliser, Duane E.","contributorId":167848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waliser","given":"Duane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24837,"text":"Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralph, F. Martin","contributorId":150276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":17953,"text":"Earth Systems Research Lab, NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168905,"text":"70168905 - 2016 - Slow-moving and far-travelled dense pyroclastic flows during the Peach Spring super-eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-08T09:04:46","indexId":"70168905","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-08T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slow-moving and far-travelled dense pyroclastic flows during the Peach Spring super-eruption","docAbstract":"Explosive volcanic super-eruptions of several hundred cubic kilometres or more generate long run-out pyroclastic density currents the dynamics of which are poorly understood and controversial. Deposits of one such event in the southwestern USA, the 18.8 Ma Peach Spring Tuff, were formed by pyroclastic flows that travelled >170 km from the eruptive centre and entrained blocks up to ~70–90 cm diameter from the substrates along the flow paths. Here we combine these data with new experimental results to show that the flow’s base had high-particle concentration and relatively modest speeds of ~5–20 m s−1, fed by an eruption discharging magma at rates up to ~107–108 m3 s−1 for a minimum of 2.5–10 h. We conclude that sustained high-eruption discharge and long-lived high-pore pressure in dense granular dispersion can be more important than large initial velocity and turbulent transport with dilute suspension in promoting long pyroclastic flow distance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ncomms10890","usgsCitation":"Roche, O., Buesch, D.C., and Valentine, G.A., 2016, Slow-moving and far-travelled dense pyroclastic flows during the Peach Spring super-eruption: Nature Communications, v. 7, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10890.","productDescription":"Article 10890; 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064658","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10890","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.301025390625,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -117.301025390625,\n 35.6126508187567\n ],\n [\n -113.0712890625,\n 35.6126508187567\n ],\n [\n -113.0712890625,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -117.301025390625,\n 34.15272698011818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dff7afe4b015c306fcd9fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roche, Olivier","contributorId":167382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roche","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24702,"text":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal-CNRS-IRD, OPGC, F-63038 6 Clermont-Ferrand, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Greg A.","contributorId":167383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valentine","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24703,"text":"Department of Geology and Center for Geohazards Studies, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 9 NY 14260, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168921,"text":"70168921 - 2016 - The pace of past climate change vs. potential bird distributions and land use in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-08T08:58:06","indexId":"70168921","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-08T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The pace of past climate change vs. potential bird distributions and land use in the United States","docAbstract":"Climate change may drastically alter patterns of species distributions and richness, but predicting future species patterns in occurrence is challenging. Significant shifts in distributions have already been observed, and understanding these recent changes can improve our understanding of potential future changes. We assessed how past climate change affected potential breeding distributions for landbird species in the conterminous United States. We quantified the bioclimatic velocity of potential breeding distributions, that is, the pace and direction of change for each species’ suitable climate space over the past 60 years. We found that potential breeding distributions for landbirds have shifted substantially with an average velocity of 1.27 km yr−1, about double the pace of prior distribution shift estimates across terrestrial systems globally (0.61 km yr−1). The direction of shifts was not uniform. The majority of species’ distributions shifted west, northwest, and north. Multidirectional shifts suggest that changes in climate conditions beyond mean temperature were influencing distributional changes. Indeed, precipitation variables that were proxies for extreme conditions were important variables across all models. There were winners and losers in terms of the area of distributions; many species experienced contractions along west and east distribution edges, and expansions along northern distribution edges. Changes were also reflected in the potential species richness, with some regions potentially gaining species (Midwest, East) and other areas potentially losing species (Southwest). However, the degree to which changes in potential breeding distributions are manifested in actual species richness depends on landcover. Areas that have become increasingly suitable for breeding birds due to changing climate are often those attractive to humans for agriculture and development. This suggests that many areas might have supported more breeding bird species had the landscape not been altered. Our study illustrates that climate change is not only a future threat, but something birds are already experiencing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13154","usgsCitation":"Bateman, B.L., Pidgeon, A.M., Radeloff, V., VanDerWal, J., Thogmartin, W.E., Vavrus, S.J., and Heglund, P., 2016, The pace of past climate change vs. potential bird distributions and land use in the United States: Global Change Biology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 1130-1144, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13154.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1130","endPage":"1144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056225","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dff7bce4b015c306fcda17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, Brooke L.","contributorId":141122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bateman","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13679,"text":"SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pidgeon, Anna M.","contributorId":141123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pidgeon","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13679,"text":"SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Radeloff, Volker C.","contributorId":76169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radeloff","given":"Volker C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanDerWal, Jeremy","contributorId":167387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanDerWal","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24704,"text":"Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change Research, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vavrus, Stephen J.","contributorId":149491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vavrus","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17750,"text":"Nelson Institute Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heglund, Patricia J.","contributorId":141128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heglund","given":"Patricia J.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70162634,"text":"sir20165009 - 2016 - Network global navigation satellite system surveys to harmonize American and Canadian datum for the Lake Champlain Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-06T11:51:17","indexId":"sir20165009","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-08T05:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5009","title":"Network global navigation satellite system surveys to harmonize American and Canadian datum for the Lake Champlain Basin","docAbstract":"Historically high flood levels were observed during flooding in Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River from late April through May 2011. Flooding was caused by record spring precipitation and snowmelt from the third highest cumulative snowfall year on record, which included a warm, saturated late spring snowpack. Flood stage was exceeded for a total of 67 days from April 13 to June 19, 2011. During this flooding, shoreline erosion and lake flood inundation were exacerbated by wind-driven waves associated with local fetch and lake-wide seiche effects. In May 2011, a new water-surface-elevation record was set for Lake Champlain. Peak lake-level water-surface elevations varied at the three U.S. Geological Survey lake-level gages on Lake Champlain in 2011. The May 2011 peak water-surface elevations for Lake Champlain ranged from 103.20 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 at the northern end of Lake Champlain (at its outlet into the Richelieu River at Rouses Point, New York) to 103.57 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 at the southern end of the Lake in Whitehall, New York. The water-surface elevations for the Richelieu River in Canada are referenced to a different vertical datum than are those in Lake Champlain in the United States, which causes difficulty in assessing real-time flood water-surface elevations and comparing of flood peaks in the Lake Champlain Basin in the United States and Canada.
\nOn March 19, 2012, as a result of the flood event of April and May 2011, the Governments of Canada and the United States asked the International Joint Commission to draft a plan of study to examine the causes and the effects of the spring 2011 flooding on Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River and develop potential mitigation measures. Specific challenges noted by the International Lake Champlain-Richelieu River Technical Working Group (established by the International Joint Commission) included harmonization of vertical datums within the drainage basin. Harmonization of the vertical datum discrepancy is needed for flood assessment and future efforts to model the flow of water through the Lake Champlain Basin in the United States and Canada.
\nIn April 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey and Environment Canada began a joint field effort with the goal of obtaining precise elevations representing a common vertical datum for select reference marks used to determine water-surface elevations throughout Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River. To harmonize the datum difference between the United States and Canada, Global Navigation Satellite System surveys were completed at nine locations in the Lake Champlain Basin to collect simultaneous satellite data. These satellite data were processed to produce elevations for two reference marks associated with dams and seven reference marks associated with active water-level gages (lake gages in Lake Champlain and streamgages in the Richelieu River) to harmonize vertical datums throughout the Lake Champlain Basin. The Global Navigation Satellite System surveys were completed from April 14 to 16, 2015, at locations ranging from southern Lake Champlain near Whitehall, New York, to the northern end of the Richelieu River in Sorel, Quebec, at its confluence with the St. Lawrence River in Canada.
\nLake-gage water-surface elevations determined during the 3 days of surveys were converted to water-surface elevations referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 by using calculated offsets and historical water-surface elevations. In this report, an “offset” refers to the adjustment that needs to be applied to published data from a particular gage to produce elevation data referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Offsets presented in this report can be used in the evaluation of water-surface elevations in a common datum for Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River. In addition, the water-level data referenced to the common datum (as determined from the offsets) may be used to calibrate flow models and support future modeling studies developed for Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Joint Commission","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., Rydlund, P.H., Jr., and Martin, D.J., 2016, Network global navigation satellite system surveys to harmonize American and Canadian datums for the Lake Champlain Basin (ver. 1.1, April 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5009, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165009.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 17 p.; Appendixes: 1-4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069015","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319779,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5009/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5009"},{"id":318519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5009/sir20165009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5009"},{"id":318520,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5009/downloads/sir20165009_appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1","size":"13.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5009","linkHelpText":"- Global navigation satellite system data collection information"},{"id":318518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5009/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":318521,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5009/downloads/sir20165009_appendix2.txt","text":"Appendix 2","size":"24 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5009","linkHelpText":"- Final coordinates for harmonization of datums"},{"id":318522,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5009/downloads/sir20165009_appendix3.zip","text":"Appendix 3","size":"445 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5009","linkHelpText":"- Surveyor leveling information for sites with benchmarks that could not be surveyed directly with global navigation satellite systems"},{"id":318523,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5009/downloads/sir20165009_appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4","size":"19 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5009","linkHelpText":"- Elevation offset information for benchmarks surveyed with global navigation satellite systems"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Quebec, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.278564453125,\n 43.37710501700073\n ],\n [\n -74.278564453125,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -72.432861328125,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -72.432861328125,\n 43.37710501700073\n ],\n [\n -74.278564453125,\n 43.37710501700073\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted March 8, 2016; Version 1.1: April 1, 2016","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-03-08","revisedDate":"2016-04-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dff7ade4b015c306fcd9f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rydlund, Paul H. Jr. 0000-0001-9461-9944 prydlund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-9944","contributorId":3840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rydlund","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"prydlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Daniel J. dmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":152244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Daniel","email":"dmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164436,"text":"tm3A24 - 2016 - Identifying and preserving high-water mark data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T11:52:13","indexId":"tm3A24","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3-A24","title":"Identifying and preserving high-water mark data","docAbstract":"
High-water marks provide valuable data for understanding recent and historical flood events. The proper collection and recording of high-water mark data from perishable and preserved evidence informs flood assessments, research, and water resource management. Given the high cost of flooding in developed areas, experienced hydrographers, using the best available techniques, can contribute high-quality data toward efforts such as public education of flood risk, flood inundation mapping, flood frequency computations, indirect streamflow measurement, and hazard assessments.
This manual presents guidance for skilled high-water mark identification, including marks left behind in natural and man-made environments by tranquil and rapid flowing water. This manual also presents pitfalls and challenges associated with various types of flood evidence that help hydrographers identify the best high-water marks and assess the uncertainty associated with a given mark. Proficient high-water mark data collection contributes to better understanding of the flooding process and reduces risk through greater ability to estimate flood probability.
The U.S. Geological Survey, operating the Nation’s premier water data collection network, encourages readers of this manual to familiarize themselves with the art and science of high-water mark collection. The U.S. Geological survey maintains a national database at http://water.usgs.gov/floods/FEV/ that includes high-water mark information for many flood events, and local U.S. Geological Survey Water Science Centers can provide information to interested readers about participation in data collection and flood documentation efforts as volunteers or observers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Surface-water techniques in Book 3: Applications of Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm3A24","usgsCitation":"Koenig, T.A., Bruce, J.L., O’Connor, J.E., McGee, B.D., Holmes, R.R., Jr., Hollins, Ryan, Forbes, B.T., Kohn, M.S., Schellekens, M.F., Martin, Z.W., and Peppler, M.C., 2016, Identifying and preserving high-water mark data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 3, chap. A24, 47 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm3A24.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071434","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358400,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZYRQLMcVOA","text":"Video","description":"YouTube Video","linkHelpText":"A USGS guide for finding and interpreting high-water marks"},{"id":318665,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/a24/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318666,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/a24/tm3a24.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 3–A24"},{"id":318667,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/a24/tm3a24_stn_high_water_mark_form.pdf","text":"High-Water Mark Form","size":"283 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"High-Water Mark Form"},{"id":346112,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20171105","text":"OFR 2017–1105","description":"OFR 2017–1105"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 24 of Section A: Surface-water techniques in Book 3: Applications of Hydraulics.","contact":"Chief, Office of Surface Water
U.S. Geological Survey
415 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/osw/
Common raven (Corvus corax; hereafter, raven) population abundance in the sagebrush steppe of the American West has increased threefold during the previous four decades, largely as a result of unintended resource subsidies from human land-use practices. This is concerning because ravens frequently depredate nests of species of conservation concern, such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse). Grazing by livestock in sagebrush ecosystems is common practice on most public lands, but associations between livestock and ravens are poorly understood. The primary objective of this study was to identify the effects of livestock on raven occurrence while accounting for landscape characteristics within human-altered sagebrush steppe habitat, particularly in areas occupied by breeding sage-grouse. Using data from southeastern Idaho collected during spring and summer across 3 yr, we modeled raven occurrence as a function of the presence of livestock while accounting for multiple landscape covariates, including land cover features, topographical features, and proximity to sage-grouse lek sites (breeding grounds), as well as site-level anthropogenic features. While accounting for landscape characteristics, we found that the odds of raven occurrence increased 45.8% in areas where livestock were present. In addition, ravens selected areas near sage-grouse leks, with the odds of occurrence decreasing 8.9% for every 1-km distance, increase away from the lek. We did not find an association between livestock use and distance to lek. We also found that ravens selected sites with relatively lower elevation containing increased amounts of cropland, wet meadow, and urbanization. Limiting raven access to key anthropogenic subsidies and spatially segregating livestock from sage-grouse breeding areas would likely reduce exposure of predatory ravens to sage-grouse nests and chicks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1203","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Brussee, B.E., Howe, K., Gustafson, K.B., Casazza, M.L., and Delehanty, D., 2016, Landscape characteristics and livestock presence influence common ravens: Relevance to greater sage-grouse conservation: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1203.","productDescription":"e01203; 20 p.","startPage":"e01203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052300","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Oneida County, Power County","city":"Holbrook","otherGeospatial":"Curlew National Grassland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.71560668945311,\n 42.101788731521644\n ],\n [\n -112.71560668945311,\n 42.25495072629938\n ],\n [\n -112.58720397949219,\n 42.25495072629938\n ],\n [\n -112.58720397949219,\n 42.101788731521644\n ],\n [\n -112.71560668945311,\n 42.101788731521644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dea628e4b015c306fb51d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, Kristy khowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":167379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Kristy","email":"khowe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gustafson, K. Benjamin 0000-0003-3530-0372 kgustafson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-0372","contributorId":166818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"K.","email":"kgustafson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":86683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169006,"text":"70169006 - 2016 - Variation of energy and carbon fluxes from a restored temperate freshwater wetland and implications for carbon market verification protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T10:57:16","indexId":"70169006","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-07T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of energy and carbon fluxes from a restored temperate freshwater wetland and implications for carbon market verification protocols","docAbstract":"Temperate freshwater wetlands are among the most productive terrestrial ecosystems, stimulating interest in using restored wetlands as biological carbon sequestration projects for greenhouse gas reduction programs. In this study, we used the eddy covariance technique to measure surface energy carbon fluxes from a constructed, impounded freshwater wetland during two annual periods that were 8 years apart: 2002–2003 and 2010–2011. During 2010–2011, we measured methane (CH4) fluxes to quantify the annual atmospheric carbon mass balance and its concomitant influence on global warming potential (GWP). Peak growing season fluxes of latent heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) were greater in 2002–2003 compared to 2010–2011. In 2002, the daily net ecosystem exchange reached as low as −10.6 g C m−2 d−1, which was greater than 3 times the magnitude observed in 2010 (−2.9 g C m−2 d−1). CH4 fluxes during 2010–2011 were positive throughout the year and followed a strong seasonal pattern, ranging from 38.1 mg C m−2 d−1 in the winter to 375.9 mg C m−2 d−1 during the summer. The results of this study suggest that the wetland had reduced gross ecosystem productivity in 2010–2011, likely due to the increase in dead plant biomass (standing litter) that inhibited the generation of new vegetation growth. In 2010–2011, there was a net positive GWP (675.3 g C m−2 yr−1), and when these values are evaluated as a sustained flux, the wetland will not reach radiative balance even after 500 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/2015JG003083","usgsCitation":"Anderson, F., Bergamaschi, B.A., Sturtevant, C., Knox, S., Hastings, L., Windham-Myers, L., Detto, M., Hestir, E.L., Drexler, J.Z., Miller, R., Matthes, J., Verfaillie, J., Baldocchi, D., Snyder, R.L., and Fujii, R., 2016, Variation of energy and carbon fluxes from a restored temperate freshwater wetland and implications for carbon market verification protocols: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 121, no. 3, p. 777-795, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003083.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"795","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060580","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jg003083","text":"Publisher Index 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Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%–85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics and IOP Pub.","publisherLocation":"Bristol, U.K.","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034014","usgsCitation":"Abbott, B.W., Jeremy B. Jones, Schuur, E.A., Chapin, F., Bowden, W.B., Bret-Harte, M.S., Epstein, H.E., Flannigan, M.D., Harms, T.K., Hollingsworth, T.N., Mack, M.C., McGuire, A.D., Natali, S.M., Adrian V. 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Limited information has been reported regarding the prevalence, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of AMPV-4. To assess the intercontinental dispersal of this viral agent, we sequenced the fusion gene of 58 APMV-4 isolates collected in the United States, Japan and the Ukraine and compared them to all available sequences on GenBank. With only a single exception the phylogenetic clades of APMV-4 sequences were monophyletic with respect to their continents of origin (North America, Asia and Europe). Thus, we detected limited evidence for recent intercontinental dispersal of APMV-4 in this study.
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Change in body mass also varied by age–sex cohort and month for all 5 species and by September–January rainfall for all except green-winged teal. The random effect of year nested in period, and sometimes interacting with other factors, improved models in many cases. Results indicate that improved habitat conditions in the Central Valley have resulted in increased winter body mass of dabbling ducks, especially those that feed primarily on seeds, and this increase was greater in regions where area of post-harvest flooding of rice and other crops, and wetland area, has increased. Conservation programs that continue to promote post-harvest flooding and other agricultural practices that benefit wintering waterfowl and continue to restore and conserve wetlands would likely help maintain body condition of wintering dabbling ducks in the Central Valley of California.
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One example is the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), a species often at the center of conflicts over public land development. For this species and others on public lands, a better understanding of their habitat needs can help minimize negative impacts and facilitate protection or restoration of habitat. We used radio-telemetry to track 46 neonate and juvenile tortoises in the Eastern Mojave Desert, California, USA, to quantify habitat at tortoise locations and paired random points to assess habitat selection. Tortoise locations near burrows were more likely to be under canopy cover and had greater coverage of perennial plants (especially creosote [Larrea tridentata]), more coverage by washes, a greater number of small-mammal burrows, and fewer white bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) than random points. Active tortoise locations away from burrows were closer to washes and perennial plants than were random points. Our results can help planners locate juvenile tortoises and avoid impacts to habitat critical for this life stage. Additionally, our results provide targets for habitat protection and restoration and suggest that diverse and abundant small-mammal populations and the availability of creosote bush are vital for juvenile desert tortoises in the Eastern Mojave Desert.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1054","usgsCitation":"Todd, B.D., Halstead, B., Chiquoine, L.P., Peaden, J.M., Buhlmann, K., Tuberville, T.D., and Nafus, A., 2016, Habitat selection by juvenile Mojave Desert tortoises: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 4, p. 720-728, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1054.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"720","endPage":"728","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070685","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q26w9jk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.43310546875,\n 36.37706783983682\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 35.003003395276714\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -114.45556640625,\n 34.69646117272349\n ],\n [\n -114.378662109375,\n 34.44315867450577\n ],\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 34.298068350990846\n ],\n [\n -114.2138671875,\n 34.21634468843465\n ],\n [\n -114.466552734375,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -114.90600585937499,\n 34.243594729697406\n ],\n [\n -115.19165039062501,\n 34.243594729697406\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n -115.09277343749999,\n 33.770015152780125\n ],\n [\n -115.30151367187501,\n 33.568861182555565\n ],\n [\n -115.55419921875,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 33.348884792201694\n ],\n [\n -115.90576171874999,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -116.004638671875,\n 33.53223722395908\n ],\n [\n -116.114501953125,\n 33.53223722395908\n ],\n [\n -116.47705078125,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -116.72973632812499,\n 34.00713506435885\n ],\n [\n -116.993408203125,\n 34.02534773814796\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 34.17090836352573\n ],\n [\n -118.17993164062499,\n 34.17999758688084\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 34.334364487026306\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 34.84085858477277\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -118.114013671875,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 35.4159149234562\n ],\n [\n -117.87231445312499,\n 35.7019167328534\n ],\n [\n -117.87231445312499,\n 35.84453450421662\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 35.98689628443789\n ],\n [\n -118.004150390625,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -117.80639648437499,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -117.61962890624999,\n 36.33282808737917\n ],\n [\n -117.366943359375,\n 36.34167804918315\n ],\n [\n -117.26806640625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -117.01538085937499,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -116.64184570312501,\n 36.5184659896759\n ],\n [\n -116.43310546875,\n 36.37706783983682\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fc9e4b0f59b85e1eb66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Brian D","contributorId":167777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todd","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiquoine, Lindsay P.","contributorId":167778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiquoine","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peaden, J. Mark","contributorId":167779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peaden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buhlmann, Kurt A.","contributorId":167780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhlmann","given":"Kurt A.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuberville, Tracey D.","contributorId":95823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuberville","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nafus, Aleta","contributorId":167781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nafus","given":"Aleta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":623477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70177902,"text":"70177902 - 2016 - Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T12:37:45","indexId":"70177902","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-06T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas","docAbstract":"The Northern Great Plains (NGP) contains much of the remaining temperate grasslands, an ecosystem that is one of the most converted and least protected in the world. Within the NGP, the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) provides important habitat for >50% of North America's breeding waterfowl and many species of shorebirds, waterbirds, and grassland songbirds. This region also has high wind energy potential, but the effects of wind energy developments on migratory and resident bird and bat populations in the NGP remains understudied. This is troubling considering >2,200 wind turbines are actively generating power in the region and numerous wind energy projects have been proposed for development in the future. Our objectives were to estimate avian and bat fatality rates for wind turbines situated in cropland- and grassland-dominated landscapes, document species at high risk to direct mortality, and assess the influence of habitat variables on waterfowl mortality at 2 wind farms in the NGP. From 10 March to 7 June 2013–2014, we completed 2,398 searches around turbines for carcasses at the Tatanka Wind Farm (TAWF) and the Edgeley-Kulm Wind Farm (EKWF) in South Dakota and North Dakota. During spring, we found 92 turbine-related mortalities comprising 33 species and documented a greater diversity of species (n = 30) killed at TAWF (predominately grassland) than at EKWF (n = 9; predominately agricultural fields). After accounting for detection rates, we estimated spring mortality of 1.86 (SE = 0.22) deaths/megawatt (MW) at TAWF and 2.55 (SE = 0.51) deaths/MW at EKWF. Waterfowl spring (Mar–Jun) fatality rates were 0.79 (SE = 0.11) and 0.91 (SE = 0.10) deaths/MW at TAWF and EKWF, respectively. Our results suggest that future wind facility siting decisions consider avoiding grassland habitats and locate turbines in pre-existing fragmented and converted habitat outside of high densities of breeding waterfowl and major migration corridors.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1051","usgsCitation":"Graff, B.J., Jenks, J., Stafford, J.D., Jensen, K.C., and Grovenburg, T.W., 2016, Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 4, p. 736-745, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1051.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"745","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066411","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","county":"Dickey County, LaMoure County, McIntosh County, McPherson County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.876708984375,\n 45.54867850352087\n ],\n [\n -99.876708984375,\n 46.64189395892872\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 46.64189395892872\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 45.54867850352087\n ],\n [\n -99.876708984375,\n 45.54867850352087\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f2e4b0f497e79a5a79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graff, Brianna J.","contributorId":176317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graff","given":"Brianna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, Kent C.","contributorId":66530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16687,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170211,"text":"70170211 - 2016 - Supporting diverse data providers in the open water data initiative: Communicating water data quality and fitness of use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-04T15:35:05","indexId":"70170211","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supporting diverse data providers in the open water data initiative: Communicating water data quality and fitness of use","docAbstract":"Shared, trusted, timely data are essential elements for the cooperation needed to optimize economic, ecologic, and public safety concerns related to water. The Open Water Data Initiative (OWDI) will provide a fully scalable platform that can support a wide variety of data from many diverse providers. Many of these will be larger, well-established, and trusted agencies with a history of providing well-documented, standardized, and archive-ready products. However, some potential partners may be smaller, distributed, and relatively unknown or untested as data providers. The data these partners will provide are valuable and can be used to fill in many data gaps, but can also be variable in quality or supplied in nonstandardized formats. They may also reflect the smaller partners' variable budgets and missions, be intermittent, or of unknown provenance. A challenge for the OWDI will be to convey the quality and the contextual “fitness” of data from providers other than the most trusted brands. This article reviews past and current methods for documenting data quality. Three case studies are provided that describe processes and pathways for effective data-sharing and publication initiatives. They also illustrate how partners may work together to find a metadata reporting threshold that encourages participation while maintaining high data integrity. And lastly, potential governance is proposed that may assist smaller partners with short- and long-term participation in the OWDI.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12406","usgsCitation":"Larsen, S., Hamilton, S., Lucido, J., Garner, B.D., and Young, D., 2016, Supporting diverse data providers in the open water data initiative: Communicating water data quality and fitness of use: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 52, no. 4, p. 859-872, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12406.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"872","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069137","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12406","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6dbde4b0ef3b7ca356aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Sara","contributorId":168563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25336,"text":"Western States Water Council","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Stuart","contributorId":168564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":25337,"text":"Aquatic Informatics","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucido, Jessica M. jlucido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucido","given":"Jessica M.","email":"jlucido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garner, Bradley D. 0000-0002-6912-5093 bdgarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5093","contributorId":2133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"Bradley","email":"bdgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Dwane","contributorId":168541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Dwane","affiliations":[{"id":25326,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC, USA 20460","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177886,"text":"70177886 - 2016 - Uncertainty analysis of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model at multiple flux tower sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T19:17:22","indexId":"70177886","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty analysis of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model at multiple flux tower sites","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water cycle – ET from the land surface returns approximately 60% of the global precipitation back to the atmosphere. ET also plays an important role in energy transport among the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Current regional to global and daily to annual ET estimation relies mainly on surface energy balance (SEB) ET models or statistical and empirical methods driven by remote sensing data and various climatological databases. These models have uncertainties due to inevitable input errors, poorly defined parameters, and inadequate model structures. The eddy covariance measurements on water, energy, and carbon fluxes at the AmeriFlux tower sites provide an opportunity to assess the ET modeling uncertainties. In this study, we focused on uncertainty analysis of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model for ET estimation at multiple AmeriFlux tower sites with diverse land cover characteristics and climatic conditions. The 8-day composite 1-km MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) was used as input land surface temperature for the SSEBop algorithms. The other input data were taken from the AmeriFlux database. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the SSEBop model performed well in estimating ET with an R2 of 0.86 between estimated ET and eddy covariance measurements at 42 AmeriFlux tower sites during 2001–2007. It was encouraging to see that the best performance was observed for croplands, where R2 was 0.92 with a root mean square error of 13 mm/month. The uncertainties or random errors from input variables and parameters of the SSEBop model led to monthly ET estimates with relative errors less than 20% across multiple flux tower sites distributed across different biomes. This uncertainty of the SSEBop model lies within the error range of other SEB models, suggesting systematic error or bias of the SSEBop model is within the normal range. This finding implies that the simplified parameterization of the SSEBop model did not significantly affect the accuracy of the ET estimate while increasing the ease of model setup for operational applications. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the SSEBop model is most sensitive to input variables, land surface temperature (LST) and reference ET (ETo); and parameters, differential temperature (dT), and maximum ET scalar (Kmax), particularly during the non-growing season and in dry areas. In summary, the uncertainty assessment verifies that the SSEBop model is a reliable and robust method for large-area ET estimation. The SSEBop model estimates can be further improved by reducing errors in two input variables (ETo and LST) and two key parameters (Kmax and dT).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.026","usgsCitation":"Chen, M., Senay, G.B., Singh, R.K., and Verdin, J.P., 2016, Uncertainty analysis of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model at multiple flux tower sites: Journal of Hydrology, v. 536, p. 384-399, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.026.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"399","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071555","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"536","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f3e4b0f497e79a5a7b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.026","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.026","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Chen Mingshi, Senay Gabriel B., Singh Ramesh K., Verdin James P.","journalName":"Journal of Hydrology","publicationDate":"5/2016","auditedOn":"4/1/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"2/23/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Mingshi mchen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Mingshi","email":"mchen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singh, Ramesh K. 0000-0002-8164-3483 rsingh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-3483","contributorId":3895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"Ramesh","email":"rsingh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168397,"text":"ds977 - 2016 - DOI/GTN-P Climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998–2014","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70135103,"text":"ds892 - 2014 - DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","indexId":"ds892","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70168397,"text":"ds977 - 2016 - DOI/GTN-P Climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998–2014","indexId":"ds977","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"title":"DOI/GTN-P Climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998–2014"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70168397,"text":"ds977 - 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In addition to presenting data, this report also describes monitoring, data collection, and quality-control methods. The array of 16 monitoring stations spans lat 68.5°N. to 70.5°N. and long 142.5°W. to 161°W., an area of approximately 150,000 square kilometers. Climate summaries are presented along with quality-controlled data. Data collection is ongoing and includes the following climate- and permafrost-related variables: air temperature, wind speed and direction, ground temperature, soil moisture, snow depth, rainfall totals, up- and downwelling shortwave radiation, and atmospheric pressure. These data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in close collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225